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Guerrelli D, Pressman J, Salameh S, Posnack N. hiPSC-CM electrophysiology: impact of temporal changes and study parameters on experimental reproducibility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 327:H12-H27. [PMID: 38727253 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00631.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are frequently used for preclinical cardiotoxicity testing and remain an important tool for confirming model-based predictions of drug effects in accordance with the comprehensive in vitro proarrhythmia assay (CiPA). Despite the considerable benefits hiPSC-CMs provide, concerns surrounding experimental reproducibility have emerged. We investigated the effects of temporal changes and experimental parameters on hiPSC-CM electrophysiology. iCell cardiomyocytes2 were cultured and biosignals were acquired using a microelectrode array (MEA) system (2-14 days). Continuous recordings revealed a 22.6% increase in the beating rate and 7.7% decrease in the field potential duration (FPD) during a 20-min equilibration period. Location-specific differences across a multiwell plate were also observed, with iCell cardiomyocytes2 in the outer rows beating 8.8 beats/min faster than the inner rows. Cardiac endpoints were also impacted by cell culture duration; from 2 to 14 days, the beating rate decreased (-12.7 beats/min), FPD lengthened (+257 ms), and spike amplitude increased (+3.3 mV). Cell culture duration (4-10 days) also impacted cardiomyocyte drug responsiveness (E-4031, nifedipine, isoproterenol). qRT-PCR results suggest that daily variations in cardiac metrics may be linked to the continued maturation of hiPSC-CMs in culture (2-30 days). Daily experiments were also repeated using a second cell line (Cor.4U). Collectively, our study highlights multiple sources of variability to consider and address when performing hiPSC-CM MEA studies. To improve reproducibility and data interpretation, MEA-based studies should establish a standardized protocol and report key experimental conditions (e.g., cell line, culture time, equilibration time, electrical stimulation settings, and raw data values).NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that iCell cardiomyocytes2 electrophysiology measurements are impacted by deviations in experimental techniques including electrical stimulation protocols, equilibration time, well-to-well variability, and length of hiPSC-CM culture. Furthermore, our results indicate that hiPSC-CM drug responsiveness changes within the first 2 wk following defrost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Guerrelli
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Jenna Pressman
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University School of Engineering and Applied Science, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Shatha Salameh
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Nikki Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Children's National Heart Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
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Zheng J, Fang J, Xu D, Liu H, Wei X, Qin C, Xue J, Gao Z, Hu N. Micronano Synergetic Three-Dimensional Bioelectronics: A Revolutionary Breakthrough Platform for Cardiac Electrophysiology. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38837178 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality and therefore pose a significant threat to human health. Cardiac electrophysiology plays a crucial role in the investigation and treatment of CVDs, including arrhythmia. The long-term and accurate detection of electrophysiological activity in cardiomyocytes is essential for advancing cardiology and pharmacology. Regarding the electrophysiological study of cardiac cells, many micronano bioelectric devices and systems have been developed. Such bioelectronic devices possess unique geometric structures of electrodes that enhance quality of electrophysiological signal recording. Though planar multielectrode/multitransistors are widely used for simultaneous multichannel measurement of cell electrophysiological signals, their use for extracellular electrophysiological recording exhibits low signal strength and quality. However, the integration of three-dimensional (3D) multielectrode/multitransistor arrays that use advanced penetration strategies can achieve high-quality intracellular signal recording. This review provides an overview of the manufacturing, geometric structure, and penetration paradigms of 3D micronano devices, as well as their applications for precise drug screening and biomimetic disease modeling. Furthermore, this review also summarizes the current challenges and outlines future directions for the preparation and application of micronano bioelectronic devices, with an aim to promote the development of intracellular electrophysiological platforms and thereby meet the demands of emerging clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaru Fang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongxin Xu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Xinwei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery Systems of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Jiajin Xue
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Zhigang Gao
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- General Surgery Department, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children's Health, Hangzhou 310052, China
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Cooper BL, Salameh S, Posnack NG. Comparative cardiotoxicity assessment of bisphenol chemicals and estradiol using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Toxicol Sci 2024; 198:273-287. [PMID: 38310357 PMCID: PMC10964748 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used to manufacture consumer and medical-grade plastics. Due to health concerns, BPA substitutes are being incorporated-including bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF)-without a comprehensive understanding of their toxicological profile. Previous studies suggest that bisphenol chemicals perturb cardiac electrophysiology in a manner that is similar to 17β-estradiol (E2). We aimed to compare the effects of E2 with BPA, BPF, and BPS using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Cardiac parameters were evaluated using microelectrode array (MEA) technology and live-cell fluorescent imaging. Cardiac metrics remained relatively stable after exposure to nanomolar concentrations (1-1000 nM) of E2, BPA, BPF, or BPS. At higher micromolar concentrations, chemical exposures decreased the depolarization spike amplitude, and shortened the field potential, action potential duration, and calcium transient duration (E2 ≥ BPA ≥ BPF ≫ BPS). Cardiomyocyte physiology was largely undisturbed by BPS. BPA-induced effects were exaggerated when coadministered with an L-type calcium channel (LTCC) antagonist or E2, and reduced when coadministered with an LTCC agonist or an estrogen receptor alpha antagonist. E2-induced effects were not exaggerated by coadministration with an LTCC antagonist. Although the observed cardiac effects of E2 and BPA were similar, a few distinct differences suggest that these chemicals may act (in part) through different mechanisms. hiPSC-CM are a useful model for screening cardiotoxic chemicals, nevertheless, the described findings should be validated using a more complex ex vivo and/or in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L Cooper
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Shatha Salameh
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Nikki Gillum Posnack
- Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Children’s National Heart Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia 20010, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
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Wu I, Zeng A, Greer-Short A, Aycinena JA, Tefera AE, Shenwai R, Farshidfar F, Van Pell M, Xu E, Reid C, Rodriguez N, Lim B, Chung TW, Woods J, Scott A, Jones S, Dee-Hoskins C, Gutierrez CG, Madariaga J, Robinson K, Hatter Y, Butler R, Steltzer S, Ho J, Priest JR, Song X, Jing F, Green K, Ivey KN, Hoey T, Yang J, Yang ZJ. AAV9:PKP2 improves heart function and survival in a Pkp2-deficient mouse model of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2024; 4:38. [PMID: 38499690 PMCID: PMC10948840 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-024-00450-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a familial cardiac disease associated with ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. Currently, there are no approved treatments that address the underlying genetic cause of this disease, representing a significant unmet need. Mutations in Plakophilin-2 (PKP2), encoding a desmosomal protein, account for approximately 40% of ARVC cases and result in reduced gene expression. METHODS Our goal is to examine the feasibility and the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9 (AAV9)-mediated restoration of PKP2 expression in a cardiac specific knock-out mouse model of Pkp2. RESULTS We show that a single dose of AAV9:PKP2 gene delivery prevents disease development before the onset of cardiomyopathy and attenuates disease progression after overt cardiomyopathy. Restoration of PKP2 expression leads to a significant extension of lifespan by restoring cellular structures of desmosomes and gap junctions, preventing or halting decline in left ventricular ejection fraction, preventing or reversing dilation of the right ventricle, ameliorating ventricular arrhythmia event frequency and severity, and preventing adverse fibrotic remodeling. RNA sequencing analyses show that restoration of PKP2 expression leads to highly coordinated and durable correction of PKP2-associated transcriptional networks beyond desmosomes, revealing a broad spectrum of biological perturbances behind ARVC disease etiology. CONCLUSIONS We identify fundamental mechanisms of PKP2-associated ARVC beyond disruption of desmosome function. The observed PKP2 dose-function relationship indicates that cardiac-selective AAV9:PKP2 gene therapy may be a promising therapeutic approach to treat ARVC patients with PKP2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Wu
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
- University of Michigan, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5622, USA
| | - Aliya Zeng
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Anley E Tefera
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Reva Shenwai
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Emma Xu
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Chris Reid
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Beatriz Lim
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Tae Won Chung
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Joseph Woods
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Aquilla Scott
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Samantha Jones
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin Robinson
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Yolanda Hatter
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Renee Butler
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | - Jaclyn Ho
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - James R Priest
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Xiaomei Song
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Frank Jing
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kristina Green
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Kathryn N Ivey
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Timothy Hoey
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jin Yang
- Tenaya Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
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Ernault AC, Al-Shama RFM, Li J, Devalla HD, de Groot JR, Coronel R, Vigmond E, Boukens BJ. Interpretation of field and LEAP potentials recorded from cardiomyocyte monolayers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H800-H811. [PMID: 38180452 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00463.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Multielectrode arrays (MEAs) are the method of choice for electrophysiological characterization of cardiomyocyte monolayers. The field potentials recorded using an MEA are like extracellular electrograms recorded from the myocardium using conventional electrodes. Nevertheless, different criteria are used to interpret field potentials and extracellular electrograms, which hamper correct interpretation and translation to the patient. To validate the criteria for interpretation of field potentials, we used neonatal rat cardiomyocytes to generate monolayers. We recorded field potentials using an MEA and simultaneously recorded action potentials using sharp microelectrodes. In parallel, we recreated our experimental setting in silico and performed simulations. We show that the amplitude of the local RS complex of a field potential correlated with conduction velocity in silico but not in vitro. The peak time of the T wave in field potentials exhibited a strong correlation with APD90 while the steepest upslope correlated well with APD50. However, this relationship only holds when the T wave displayed a biphasic pattern. Next, we simulated local extracellular action potentials (LEAPs). The shape of the LEAP differed markedly from the shape of the local action potential, but the final duration of the LEAP coincided with APD90. Criteria for interpretation of extracellular electrograms should be applied to field potentials. This will provide a strong basis for the analysis of heterogeneity in conduction velocity and repolarization in cultured monolayers of cardiomyocytes. Finally, a LEAP is not a recording of the local action potential but is generated by intracellular current provided by neighboring cardiomyocytes and is superior to field potential duration in estimating APD90.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We present a physiological basis for the interpretation of multielectrode array-derived, extracellular, electrical signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auriane C Ernault
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rushd F M Al-Shama
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jiuru Li
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harsha D Devalla
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ruben Coronel
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Edward Vigmond
- IHU Liryc, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Bordeaux, France
- University of Bordeaux, Talence, France
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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6
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Yang Y, Yang H, Kiskin FN, Zhang JZ. The new era of cardiovascular research: revolutionizing cardiovascular research with 3D models in a dish. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2024; 4:68-85. [PMID: 38515776 PMCID: PMC10954298 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2023-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular research has heavily relied on studies using patient samples and animal models. However, patient studies often miss the data from the crucial early stage of cardiovascular diseases, as obtaining primary tissues at this stage is impracticable. Transgenic animal models can offer some insights into disease mechanisms, although they usually do not fully recapitulate the phenotype of cardiovascular diseases and their progression. In recent years, a promising breakthrough has emerged in the form of in vitro three-dimensional (3D) cardiovascular models utilizing human pluripotent stem cells. These innovative models recreate the intricate 3D structure of the human heart and vessels within a controlled environment. This advancement is pivotal as it addresses the existing gaps in cardiovascular research, allowing scientists to study different stages of cardiovascular diseases and specific drug responses using human-origin models. In this review, we first outline various approaches employed to generate these models. We then comprehensively discuss their applications in studying cardiovascular diseases by providing insights into molecular and cellular changes associated with cardiovascular conditions. Moreover, we highlight the potential of these 3D models serving as a platform for drug testing to assess drug efficacy and safety. Despite their immense potential, challenges persist, particularly in maintaining the complex structure of 3D heart and vessel models and ensuring their function is comparable to real organs. However, overcoming these challenges could revolutionize cardiovascular research. It has the potential to offer comprehensive mechanistic insights into human-specific disease processes, ultimately expediting the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fedir N. Kiskin
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Joe Z. Zhang
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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Cejas RB, Petrykey K, Sapkota Y, Burridge PW. Anthracycline Toxicity: Light at the End of the Tunnel? Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:115-134. [PMID: 37788492 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-022823-035521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) is a serious and common side effect of anthracycline therapy. Identification of genes and genetic variants associated with AIC risk has clinical potential as a cardiotoxicity predictive tool and to allow the development of personalized therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of known AIC genes identified by association studies and categorize them based on their mechanistic implication in AIC. We also discuss the importance of functional validation of AIC-associated variants in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) to advance the implementation of genetic predictive biomarkers. Finally, we review how patient-specific hiPSC-CMs can be used to identify novel patient-relevant functional targets and for the discovery of cardioprotectant drugs to prevent AIC. Implementation of functional validation and use of hiPSC-CMs for drug discovery will identify the next generation of highly effective and personalized cardioprotectants and accelerate the inclusion of approved AIC biomarkers into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina B Cejas
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Kateryna Petrykey
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Yadav Sapkota
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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Jameson MB, Ríos-Pérez EB, Liu F, Eichel CA, Robertson GA. Pairwise biosynthesis of ion channels stabilizes excitability and mitigates arrhythmias. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305295120. [PMID: 37816059 PMCID: PMC10589643 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305295120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated expression of ion channels is crucial for cardiac rhythms, neural signaling, and cell cycle progression. Perturbation of this balance results in many disorders including cardiac arrhythmias. Prior work revealed association of mRNAs encoding cardiac NaV1.5 (SCN5A) and hERG1 (KCNH2), but the functional significance of this association was not established. Here, we provide a more comprehensive picture of KCNH2, SCN5A, CACNA1C, and KCNQ1 transcripts collectively copurifying with nascent hERG1, NaV1.5, CaV1.2, or KCNQ1 channel proteins. Single-molecule fluorescence in situ hybridization (smFISH) combined with immunofluorescence reveals that the channel proteins are synthesized predominantly as heterotypic pairs from discrete molecules of mRNA, not as larger cotranslational complexes. Puromycin disrupted colocalization of mRNA with its encoded protein, as expected, but remarkably also pairwise mRNA association, suggesting that transcript association relies on intact translational machinery or the presence of the nascent protein. Targeted depletion of KCHN2 by specific shRNA resulted in concomitant reduction of all associated mRNAs, with a corresponding reduction in the encoded channel currents. This co-knockdown effect, originally described for KCNH2 and SCN5A, thus appears to be a general phenomenon among transcripts encoding functionally related proteins. In multielectrode array recordings, proarrhythmic behavior arose when IKr was reduced by the selective blocker dofetilide at IC50 concentrations, but not when equivalent reductions were mediated by shRNA, suggesting that co-knockdown mitigates proarrhythmic behavior expected from the selective reduction of a single channel species. We propose that coordinated, cotranslational association of functionally related ion channel mRNAs confers electrical stability by co-regulating complementary ion channels in macromolecular complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret B. Jameson
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Erick B. Ríos-Pérez
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Catherine A. Eichel
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
| | - Gail A. Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI53705
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9
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Guerrelli D, Pressman J, Posnack N. hiPSC-CM Electrophysiology: Impact of Temporal Changes and Study Parameters on Experimental Reproducibility. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560475. [PMID: 37873094 PMCID: PMC10592927 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) are frequently used for preclinical cardiotoxicity testing and remain an important tool for confirming model-based predictions of drug effects in accordance with the Comprehensive in Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA) initiative. Despite the considerable benefits hiPSC-CMs provide, concerns surrounding experimental reproducibility have emerged. Our study aimed to investigate the effects of temporal changes and experimental parameters on hiPSC-CM electrophysiology. hiPSC-CMs (iCell cardiomyocyte 2 ) were cultured for 14 days and biosignals were acquired using a microelectrode array (MEA) system. Continuous recordings revealed a 22.6% increase in the beating rate and 7.7% decrease in the field potential duration (FPD) during a 20-minute equilibration period. Location specific differences across a multiwell plate were also observed, with hiPSC-CMs in the outer rows beating 8.8 beats per minute (BPM) faster than the inner rows. Cardiac endpoints were also impacted by cell culture duration; from 2-14 days the beating rate decreased (-12.7 BPM), FPD lengthened (+257 ms), and spike amplitude increased (+3.3 mV). Cell culture duration (4-10 days) also impacted hiPSC-CM drug responsiveness (E-4031, nifedipine, isoproterenol). Our study highlights multiple sources of variability that should be considered and addressed when performing hiPSC-CM MEA studies. To improve reproducibility and data interpretation, MEA-based studies should establish a standardized protocol and report key experimental conditions (e.g., culture time, equilibration time, electrical stimulation settings, report raw data values). New & Noteworthy We demonstrate that hiPSC-CM electrophysiology measurements are significantly impacted by slight deviations in experimental techniques including electrical stimulation protocols, equilibration time, well-to-well variability, and length of hiPSC-CM culture. Furthermore, our results indicate that hiPSC-CM drug responsiveness changes within the first two weeks following defrost.
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10
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Cooper BL, Salameh S, Posnack NG. Comparative cardiotoxicity assessment of bisphenol chemicals and estradiol using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.13.557564. [PMID: 37745451 PMCID: PMC10515916 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.557564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Bisphenol A (BPA) is commonly used to manufacture consumer and medical-grade plastics. Due to health concerns, BPA substitutes are being incorporated - including bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF) - without a comprehensive understanding of their toxicological profile. Objective Previous studies suggest that bisphenol chemicals perturb cardiac electrophysiology in a manner that is similar to 17β-estradiol (E2). We aimed to compare the effects of E2 with BPA, BPF, and BPS using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM). Methods Cardiac parameters were evaluated using microelectrode array (MEA) technology and live-cell fluorescent imaging at baseline and in response to chemical exposure (0.001-100 μM). Results Cardiac metrics remained relatively stable after exposure to nanomolar concentrations (1-1,000 nM) of E2, BPA, BPF, or BPS. At higher micromolar concentrations, chemical exposures resulted in a decrease in the depolarizing spike amplitude, shorter field potential and action potential duration, shorter calcium transient duration, and decrease in hiPSC-CM contractility (E2 > BPA > BPF >> BPS). Cardiomyocyte physiology was largely undisturbed by BPS exposure. BPA-induced effects were exaggerated when co-administered with an L-type calcium channel antagonist (verapamil) or E2 - and reduced when co-administered with an L-type calcium channel agonist (Bay K8644) or an estrogen receptor alpha antagonist (MPP). E2-induced effects generally mirrored those of BPA, but were not exaggerated by co-administration with an L-type calcium channel antagonist. Discussion Collectively across multiple cardiac endpoints, E2 was the most potent and BPS was the least potent disruptor of hiPSC-CM function. Although the observed cardiac effects of E2 and BPA were similar, a few distinct differences suggest that these chemicals may act (in part) through different mechanisms. hiPSC-CM are a useful model for screening cardiotoxic chemicals, nevertheless, the described in vitro findings should be validated using a more complex ex vivo and/or in vivo model.
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Zhu K, Yan T, Qin C, Pan Y, Li J, Lai H, Xu D, Wang C, Hu N. Three-Dimensional Cardiomyocyte-Nanobiosensing System for Specific Recognition of Drug Subgroups. ACS Sens 2023; 8:2197-2206. [PMID: 37303111 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac electrophysiological activities significantly contribute to the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize effective drugs, which require an accurate, stable, and sensitive platform. Although conventional extracellular recordings offer a non-invasive and label-free manner to monitor the electrophysiological state of cardiomyocytes, the misrepresented and low-quality extracellular action potentials are difficult to provide accurate and high-content information for drug screening. This study presents the development of a three-dimensional cardiomyocyte-nanobiosensing system that can specifically recognize drug subgroups. The nanopillar-based electrode is manufactured by template synthesis and standard microfabrication technology on a porous polyethylene terephthalate membrane. Based on the cardiomyocyte-nanopillar interface, high-quality intracellular action potentials can be recorded by the minimally invasive electroporation. We validate the performance of a cardiomyocyte-nanopillar-based intracellular electrophysiological biosensing platform by two subclasses of sodium channel blockers, quinidine and lidocaine. The recorded intracellular action potentials accurately reveal the subtle differences between these drugs. Our study indicates that high-content intracellular recordings utilizing nanopillar-based biosensing can provide a promising platform for the electrophysiological and pharmacological investigation of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunlian Qin
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Yuxiang Pan
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dongxin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Zhejiang-Israel Joint Laboratory of Self-Assembling Functional Materials, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311215, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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12
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Zhou W, Ye D, Tester DJ, Bains S, Giudicessi JR, Haglund-Turnquist CM, Orland KM, January CT, Eckhardt LL, Maginot KR, Ackerman MJ. Elucidation of ALG10B as a Novel Long-QT Syndrome-Susceptibility Gene. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2023; 16:e003726. [PMID: 37071726 PMCID: PMC10844923 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.122.003726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-QT syndrome (LQTS) is characterized by QT prolongation and increased risk for syncope, seizures, and sudden cardiac death. The majority of LQTS stems from pathogenic mutations in KCNQ1, KCNH2, or SCN5A. However, ≈10% of patients with LQTS remain genetically elusive. We utilized genome sequencing to identify a novel LQTS genetic substrate in a multigenerational genotype-negative LQTS pedigree. METHODS Genome sequencing was performed on 5 affected family members. Only rare nonsynonymous variants present in all affected family members were considered. The candidate variant was characterized functionally in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell and gene-edited, variant corrected, isogenic control induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. RESULTS A missense variant (p.G6S) was identified in ALG10B-encoded α-1,2-glucosyltransferase B protein. ALG10B (alpha-1,2-glucosyltransferase B protein) is a known interacting protein of KCNH2-encoded Kv11.1 (HERG [human Ether-à-go-go-related gene]). Compared with isogenic control, ALG10B-p.G6S induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes showed (1) decreased protein expression of ALG10B (p.G6S, 0.7±0.18, n=8 versus control, 1.25±0.16, n=9; P<0.05), (2) significant retention of HERG in the endoplasmic reticulum (P<0.0005), and (3) a significantly prolonged action potential duration confirmed by both patch clamp (p.G6S, 531.1±38.3 ms, n=15 versus control, 324.1±21.8 ms, n=13; P<0.001) and multielectrode assay (P<0.0001). Lumacaftor-a compound known to rescue HERG trafficking-shortened the pathologically prolonged action potential duration of ALG10B-p.G6S induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes by 10.6% (n=31 electrodes; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Here, we demonstrate that ALG10B-p.G6S downregulates ALG10B, resulting in defective HERG trafficking and action potential duration prolongation. Therefore, ALG10B is a novel LQTS-susceptibility gene underlying the LQTS phenotype observed in a multigenerational pedigree. ALG10B mutation analysis may be warranted, especially in genotype-negative patients with an LQT2-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart
Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric
Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland
Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Dan Ye
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart
Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric
Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland
Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David J. Tester
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart
Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric
Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland
Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Sahej Bains
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart
Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric
Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland
Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - John R. Giudicessi
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart
Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric
Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland
Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine
(Clinician-Investigator Training Program), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Carla M. Haglund-Turnquist
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart
Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric
Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland
Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kate M. Orland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program and Inherited
Arrhythmia Clinic, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Craig T. January
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program and Inherited
Arrhythmia Clinic, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Lee L. Eckhardt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular
Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Arrhythmia Research Program and Inherited
Arrhythmia Clinic, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kathleen R. Maginot
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of
Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI
| | - Michael J. Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine (Division of Heart
Rhythm Services), Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine (Division of Pediatric
Cardiology), and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (Windland
Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Jacques R, Zhou B, Marhuenda E, Gorecki J, Das A, Iskratsch T, Krause S. Photoelectrochemical imaging of single cardiomyocytes and monitoring of their action potentials through contact force manipulation of organoids. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115024. [PMID: 36577176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Accurate monitoring of cardiomyocyte action potentials (APs) is essential to understand disease propagation and for trials of novel therapeutics. Patch clamp techniques offer 'gold standard' measurements in this field, but are notoriously difficult to operate and only provide measurements of a single cell. Here we propose photoelectrochemical imaging (PEI) with light-addressable potentiometric sensors (LAPS) in conjunction with a setup for controlling the contact force between the cardiomyocyte organoids and the sensor surface for measuring APs with high sensitivity. The method was validated through measuring the responses to drugs, and the results successfully visualized the expected electrophysiological changes to the APs. PEI allows for several cells to be monitored simultaneously, opening further research to the electrophysiological interactions of adjoining cells. This method expands the applications of PEI to three-dimensional geometries and provides the fields of stem cell research, drug trials and heart disease modelling with an invaluable tool to further investigate the role of APs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Jacques
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Bo Zhou
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Emilie Marhuenda
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Jon Gorecki
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Anirban Das
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
| | - Steffi Krause
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
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Martinez K, Smith A, Ye D, Zhou W, Tester DJ, Ackerman MJ. Curcumin, a dietary natural supplement, prolongs the action potential duration of KCNE1-D85N-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Heart Rhythm 2022; 20:580-586. [PMID: 36586707 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.12.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Curcumin, a polyphenolic dietary natural compound and active ingredient in turmeric, exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, and antiarrhythmic properties. KCNE1-D85N, present in ∼1% of white, is a common, potentially proarrhythmic variant that predisposes individuals to drug-induced QT prolongation under certain conditions. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this article was to test the hypothesis that curcumin might cause action potential duration (APD) prolongation in KCNE1-D85N-derived human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). METHODS Gene-edited/variant-corrected isogenic control and patient-specific KCNE1-D85N-containing iPSC-CMs were generated previously. Voltage-sensing dye, multielectrode array (MEA), and whole-cell patch clamp technique were used to measure APD without and with 4-hour incubation with 10 nM curcumin. RESULTS KCNE1-D85N-derived iPSC-CMs demonstrated significant APD prolongation with treatment of 10 nM curcumin. Using voltage-sensing dye, action potential duration at 90% repolarization (APD90) was 578 ± 7 ms (n = 39) at baseline and was prolonged to 658 ± 13 ms (n = 35) with curcumin incubation (P < .0001). Using MEA, APD90 at baseline was 237 ± 6 ms (n = 24) compared with 280 ± 6 ms (n = 12) with curcumin incubation (P = .0002). The whole-cell patch clamp technique confirmed these results, with APD90 being 544 ± 37 ms at baseline and 664 ± 40 ms with treatment of curcumin (P < .005). However, APD from isogenic control iPSC-CMs remained unchanged with curcumin treatment. CONCLUSION This study provides pharmacological and functional evidence to suggest that curcumin, a dietary natural supplement, might cause APD prolongation in patients with common, potentially proarrhythmic functional variants such as KCNE1-D85N. Whether this supplement is potentially dangerous for the Caucasian subpopulation that has this variant warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Martinez
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Annabel Smith
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Dan Ye
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - David J Tester
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
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15
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Investigating the effect of Shenmai injection on cardiac electrophysiology and calcium signaling using human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2022; 33:101407. [PMID: 36593870 PMCID: PMC9803683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2022.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine injection (TCMI) refers to the use of modern technology to make Chinese patent medicines in injectable forms, which shorten the onset time of the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Although there have been clinical cases in which Shenmai injection (SMI) was used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are no pharmacological experiments that investigate the efficacy of the drug in vitro or the underlying mechanisms. Aim of the study We aimed to systemically evaluate the efficacy and investigate the mechanisms of SMI in modulating electrophysiology and calcium (Ca2+) signaling using a microelectrode array (MEA) and a genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator, GCaMP6s, respectively, in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Materials and methods A MEA system was employed to record field potentials (FPs) in hiPSC-CMs. The QT interval is corrected by the RR interval, the reciprocal of the beating rate. GCaMP6s was used to measure Ca2+ signaling in hiPSC-CMs. Meanwhile, the transcriptome changes in hiPSC-CMs treated with 2% SMI were examined using RNAseq. In addition, the ingredients of SMI were investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results It was found that 0.5%, 1%, and 2% (v/v) SMIs could increase corrected QT (QTc) but did not change other FP parameters. GCaMP6s was successfully applied to measure the chronic function of SMI. The full width at half maximum (FWHM), rise time, and decay time significantly decreased after treatment with SMI for 1 h and 24 h, whereas an increased Ca2+ transient frequency was observed. Conclusions We first used the Ca2+ indicator to measure the chronic effects of TCM. We found that SMI treatment can modulate electrophysiology and calcium signaling and regulate oxidative phosphorylation, cardiac muscle contraction, and the cell cycle pathway in hiPSC-CMs.
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Key Words
- AP, action potentials
- CCK-8, cell counting kit-8 assay
- CVDs, cardiovascular diseases
- Calcium indicators
- ECC, excitation–contraction coupling
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- FP, field potential
- FWHM, full width at half maximum
- Ikr, rapidly activating delayed rectifier potassium current
- LC-MS, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- MEA, microelectrode array
- Polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE
- QTc, corrected QT
- QoL, quality of life
- SMI, Shenmai injection
- Shenmai injection
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TCMI, traditional Chinese medicine injections
- Traditional Chinese medicine
- hiPSC-CMs
- hiPSC-CMs, human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes
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16
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Wu Q, Kumar N, Lafuse WP, Ahumada OS, Saljoughian N, Whetstone E, Zani A, Patton AK, El Refaey M, Webb A, Pietrzak M, Yu L, KC M, Peeples ME, Ganesan LP, Yount JS, Rajaram MV. Influenza A virus modulates ACE2 expression and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity in human cardiomyocytes. iScience 2022; 25:105701. [PMID: 36474635 PMCID: PMC9715453 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2 virus are both acute respiratory viruses currently circulating in the human population. This study aims to determine the impact of IAV infection on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and cardiomyocyte function. Infection of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), A549 cells, lung fibroblasts (HLF), monocyte derived macrophages (MDMs), cardiac fibroblasts (HCF) and hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with IAV enhanced the expression of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. Similarly, IAV infection increased levels of ACE2 in the lungs of mice and humans. Of interest, we detected heavily glycosylated form of ACE2 in hiPSC-CMs and poorly glycosylated ACE2 in other cell types. Also, prior IAV infection enhances SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding and viral entry in all cell types. However, efficient SARS-CoV-2 replication was uniquely inhibited in cardiomyocytes. Glycosylation of ACE2 correlated with enzymatic conversion of its substrate Ang II, induction of eNOS and nitric oxide production, may provide a potential mechanism for the restricted SARS-CoV-2 replication in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Naresh Kumar
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - William P. Lafuse
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Omar Santiagonunez Ahumada
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Noushin Saljoughian
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Elizabeth Whetstone
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Ashley Zani
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Ashley K. Patton
- Department of Pathology, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Mona El Refaey
- Department of Surgery, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Amy Webb
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Lianbo Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Mahesh KC
- Department of Pediatrics, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA,Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Mark E. Peeples
- Department of Pediatrics, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA,Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Latha P. Ganesan
- Department of Internal Medicine College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jacob S. Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA
| | - Murugesan V.S. Rajaram
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43209, USA,Corresponding author
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Lee SG, Kim YJ, Son MY, Oh MS, Kim J, Ryu B, Kang KR, Baek J, Chung G, Woo DH, Kim CY, Chung HM. Generation of human iPSCs derived heart organoids structurally and functionally similar to heart. Biomaterials 2022; 290:121860. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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18
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Lee J, Gänswein T, Ulusan H, Emmenegger V, Saguner AM, Duru F, Hierlemann A. Repeated and On-Demand Intracellular Recordings of Cardiomyocytes Derived from Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3181-3191. [PMID: 36166837 PMCID: PMC7613763 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds may have cardiotoxic properties, triggering potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. To investigate proarrhythmic effects of drugs, the patch clamp technique has been used as the gold standard for characterizing the electrophysiology of cardiomyocytes in vitro. However, the applicability of this technology for drug screening is limited, as it is complex to use and features low throughput. Recent studies have demonstrated that 3D-nanostructured electrodes enable to obtain intracellular signals from many cardiomyocytes in parallel; however, the tedious electrode fabrication and limited measurement duration still remain major issues for cardiotoxicity testing. Here, we demonstrate how porous Pt-black electrodes, arranged in high-density microelectrode arrays, can be used to record intracellular-like signals of cardiomyocytes at large scale repeatedly over an extended period of time. The developed technique, which yields highly parallelized electroporations using stimulation voltages around 1 V peak-to-peak amplitude, enabled intracellular-like recordings at high success rates without causing significant alteration in key electrophysiological features. In a proof-of-concept study, we investigated electrophysiological modulations induced by two clinically applied drugs, nifedipine and quinidine. As the obtained results were in good agreement with previously published data, we are confident that the developed technique has the potential to be routinely used in in vitro platforms for cardiotoxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lee
- Corresponding Authors Jihyun Lee — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; ® Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 28; jihyun.lee@ bsse.ethz.ch; Andreas Hierlemann — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 50;
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Hierlemann
- Corresponding Authors Jihyun Lee — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; ® Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 28; jihyun.lee@ bsse.ethz.ch; Andreas Hierlemann — Bio Engineering Laboratory, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; Phone: +41 (0)61 387 31 50;
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Cardio PyMEA: A user-friendly, open-source Python application for cardiomyocyte microelectrode array analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266647. [PMID: 35617323 PMCID: PMC9135279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Open source analytical software for the analysis of electrophysiological cardiomyocyte data offers a variety of new functionalities to complement closed-source, proprietary tools. Here, we present the Cardio PyMEA application, a free, modifiable, and open source program for the analysis of microelectrode array (MEA) data obtained from cardiomyocyte cultures. Major software capabilities include: beat detection; pacemaker origin estimation; beat amplitude and interval; local activation time, upstroke velocity, and conduction velocity; analysis of cardiomyocyte property-distance relationships; and robust power law analysis of pacemaker spatiotemporal instability. Cardio PyMEA was written entirely in Python 3 to provide an accessible, integrated workflow that possesses a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) written in PyQt5 to allow for performant, cross-platform utilization. This application makes use of object-oriented programming (OOP) principles to facilitate the relatively straightforward incorporation of custom functionalities, e.g. power law analysis, that suit the needs of the user. Cardio PyMEA is available as an open source application under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL). The source code for Cardio PyMEA can be downloaded from Github at the following repository: https://github.com/csdunhamUC/cardio_pymea.
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Jahed Z, Yang Y, Tsai CT, Foster EP, McGuire AF, Yang H, Liu A, Forro C, Yan Z, Jiang X, Zhao MT, Zhang W, Li X, Li T, Pawlosky A, Wu JC, Cui B. Nanocrown electrodes for parallel and robust intracellular recording of cardiomyocytes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2253. [PMID: 35474069 PMCID: PMC9042818 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity arises primarily when a compound alters the electrophysiological properties of cardiomyocytes. Features of intracellular action potentials (iAPs) are powerful biomarkers that predict proarrhythmic risks. In the last decade, a number of vertical nanoelectrodes have been demonstrated to achieve parallel and minimally-invasive iAP recordings. However, the large variability in success rate and signal strength have hindered nanoelectrodes from being broadly adopted for proarrhythmia drug assessment. In this work, we develop vertically-aligned nanocrown electrodes that are mechanically robust and achieve > 99% success rates in obtaining intracellular access through electroporation. We validate the accuracy of nanocrown electrode recordings by simultaneous patch clamp recording from the same cell. Finally, we demonstrate that nanocrown electrodes enable prolonged iAP recording for continual monitoring of the same cells upon the sequential addition of four incremental drug doses. Our technology development provides an advancement towards establishing an iAP screening assay for preclinical evaluation of drug-induced arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Jahed
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Nanoengineering, Jacobs school of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92039, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ching-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ethan P Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Allister F McGuire
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Huaxiao Yang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Aofei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Csaba Forro
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zen Yan
- Cyion Technologies, LLC, Pleasanton, CA, 94566, USA
| | - Xin Jiang
- Cyion Technologies, LLC, Pleasanton, CA, 94566, USA
| | - Ming-Tao Zhao
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Thomas Li
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Annalisa Pawlosky
- Google Accelerated Sciences, Google LLC, Mountain View, 94043, CA, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Stanford Wu-Tsai Neuroscience Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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21
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Kim H, Kamm RD, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wu JC. Progress in multicellular human cardiac organoids for clinical applications. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:503-514. [PMID: 35395186 PMCID: PMC9352318 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Advances in self-organizing cardiac organoids to recapitulate human cardiogenesis have provided a powerful tool for unveiling human cardiac development, studying cardiovascular diseases, testing drugs, and transplantation. Here, we highlight the recent remarkable progress on multicellular cardiac organoids and review the current status for their practical applications. We then introduce key readouts and tools for assessing cardiac organoids for clinical applications, address major challenges, and provide suggestions for each assessment method. Lastly, we discuss the current limitations of cardiac organoids as miniature models of the human heart and suggest a direction for moving forward toward building the mini-heart from cardiac organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonyu Kim
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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22
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Schmidt S, Frank R, Krinke D, Jahnke HG, Robitzki AA. Novel PMMA based 96-well microelectrode arrays for bioelectronic high throughput monitoring of cells in a live mode. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Park J, Wu Z, Steiner PR, Zhu B, Zhang JXJ. Heart-on-Chip for Combined Cellular Dynamics Measurements and Computational Modeling Towards Clinical Applications. Ann Biomed Eng 2022; 50:111-137. [PMID: 35039976 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-022-02902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip or micro-engineered three-dimensional cellular or tissue models are increasingly implemented in the study of cardiovascular pathophysiology as alternatives to traditional in vitro cell culture. Drug induced cardiotoxicity is a key issue in drug development pipelines, but the current in vitro and in vivo studies suffer from inter-species differences, high costs, and lack of reliability and accuracy in predicting cardiotoxicity. Microfluidic heart-on-chip devices can impose a paradigm shift to the current tools. They can not only recapitulate cardiac tissue level functionality and the communication between cells and extracellular matrices but also allow higher throughput studies conducive to drug screening especially with their added functionalities or sensors that extract disease-specific phenotypic, genotypic, and electrophysiological information in real-time. Such electrical and mechanical components can tailor the electrophysiology and mechanobiology of the experiment to better mimic the in vivo condition as well. Recent advancements and challenges are reviewed in the fabrication, functionalization and sensor assisted mechanical and electrophysiological measurements, numerical and computational modeling of cardiomyocytes' behavior, and the clinical applications in drug screening and disease modeling. This review concludes with the current challenges and perspectives on the future of such organ-on-chip platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Park
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Ziqian Wu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Paul R Steiner
- Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA
| | - Bo Zhu
- Computer Science Department, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John X J Zhang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA. .,Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH, 03766, USA.
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24
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Rhoden A, Schulze T, Pietsch N, Christ T, Hansen A, Eschenhagen T. Comprehensive analyses of the inotropic compound omecamtiv mecarbil in rat and human cardiac preparations. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H373-H385. [PMID: 35030072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00534.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM), a myosin activator, was reported to induce complex concentration- and species-dependent effects on contractile function and clinical studies indicated a low therapeutic index with diastolic dysfunction at concentrations above 1 µM. To further characterize effects of OM in a human context and under different preload conditions, we constructed a setup that allows isometric contractility analyses of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived engineered heart tissues (EHTs). The results were compared to effects of OM on the very same EHTs measured under auxotonic conditions. OM induced a sustained, concentration-dependent increase in time-to-peak under all conditions (maximally 2-3 fold). Peak force, in contrast, was increased by OM only in human, but not rat EHTs and only under isometric conditions, varied between hiPSC lines and showed a biphasic concentration-dependency with maximal effects at 1 µM. Relaxation time tended to fall under auxotonic and strongly increase under isometric conditions, again with biphasic concentration-dependency. Diastolic tension concentration-dependently increased under all conditions. The latter was reduced by an inhibitor of the mitochondrial sodium calcium exchanger (CGP-37157). OM induced increases in mitochondrial oxidation in isolated cardiomyocytes, indicating that OM, an inotrope that does not increase intracellular and mitochondrial Ca2+, can induce mismatch between an increase in ATP and ROS production and unstimulated mitochondrial redox capacity. Taken together, we developed a novel setup well suitable for isometric measurements of EHTs. The effects of OM on contractility and diastolic tension are complex with concentration-, time-, species- and loading-dependent differences. Effects on mitochondrial function require further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Rhoden
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schulze
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Pietsch
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Christ
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Arne Hansen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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Thyroid hormones regulate cardiac repolarization and QT-interval related gene expression in hiPSC cardiomyocytes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:568. [PMID: 35022468 PMCID: PMC8755773 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolongation of cardiac repolarization (QT interval) represents a dangerous and potentially life-threatening electrical event affecting the heart. Thyroid hormones (THs) are critical for cardiac development and heart function. However, little is known about THs influence on ventricular repolarization and controversial effects on QT prolongation are reported. Human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) and multielectrode array (MEA) systems were used to investigate the influence of 3,3',5-triiodo-L-Thyronine (T3) and 3,3',5,5'-tetraiodo-L-Thyronine (T4) on corrected Field Potential Duration (FPDc), the in vitro analog of QT interval, and on local extracellular Action Potential Duration (APD). Treatment with high THs doses induces a significant prolongation of both FPDc and APD, with the strongest increase reached after 24 h exposure. Preincubation with reverse T3 (rT3), a specific antagonist for nuclear TH receptor binding, significantly reduces T3 effects on FPDc, suggesting a TRs-mediated transcriptional mechanism. RNA-seq analysis showed significant deregulation in genes involved in cardiac repolarization pathways, including several QT-interval related genes. In conclusion, long-time administration of high THs doses induces FPDc prolongation in hiPSC-CMs probably through the modulation of genes linked to QT-interval regulation. These results open the way to investigate new potential diagnostic biomarkers and specific targeted therapies for cardiac repolarization dysfunctions.
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Kim JS, Choi SW, Park YG, Kim SJ, Choi CH, Cha MJ, Chang JH. Impact of High-Dose Irradiation on Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes Using Multi-Electrode Arrays: Implications for the Antiarrhythmic Effects of Cardiac Radioablation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010351. [PMID: 35008778 PMCID: PMC8745341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac radioablation is emerging as an alternative option for refractory ventricular arrhythmias. However, the immediate acute effect of high-dose irradiation on human cardiomyocytes remains poorly known. We measured the electrical activities of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) upon irradiation with 0, 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50 Gy using a multi-electrode array, and cardiomyocyte function gene levels were evaluated. iPSC-CMs showed to recover their electrophysiological activities (total active electrode, spike amplitude and slope, and corrected field potential duration) within 3–6 h from the acute effects of high-dose irradiation. The beat rate immediately increased until 3 h after irradiation, but it steadily decreased afterward. Conduction velocity slowed in cells irradiated with ≥25 Gy until 6–12 h and recovered within 24 h; notably, 20 and 25 Gy-treated groups showed subsequent continuous increase. At day 7 post-irradiation, except for cTnT, cardiomyocyte function gene levels increased with increasing irradiation dose, but uniquely peaked at 25–30 Gy. Altogether, high-dose irradiation immediately and reversibly modifies the electrical conduction of cardiomyocytes. Thus, compensatory mechanisms at the cellular level may be activated after the high-dose irradiation acute effects, thereby, contributing to the immediate antiarrhythmic outcome of cardiac radioablation for refractory ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Sik Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.S.K.); (C.H.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Korea
| | - Seong Woo Choi
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Yun-Gwi Park
- Stem Cell Research Institute, T&R Biofab Co., Ltd., Siheung 15073, Korea;
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Department of Physiology & Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Chang Heon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.S.K.); (C.H.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Cha
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-J.C.); (J.H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-3321 (M.-J.C.); +82-2-2072-4940 (J.H.C.)
| | - Ji Hyun Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.S.K.); (C.H.C.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-J.C.); (J.H.C.); Tel.: +82-2-3010-3321 (M.-J.C.); +82-2-2072-4940 (J.H.C.)
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Tchoe Y, Lee J, Liu R, Bourhis AM, Vatsyayan R, Tonsfeldt KJ, Dayeh SA. Considerations and recent advances in nanoscale interfaces with neuronal and cardiac networks. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:041317. [PMID: 34868443 PMCID: PMC8596389 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale interfaces with biological tissue, principally made with nanowires (NWs), are envisioned as minimally destructive to the tissue and as scalable tools to directly transduce the electrochemical activity of a neuron at its finest resolution. This review lays the foundations for understanding the material and device considerations required to interrogate neuronal activity at the nanoscale. We first discuss the electrochemical nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces and then present new results concerning the electrochemical impedance and charge injection capacities of millimeter, micrometer, and nanometer scale wires with Pt, PEDOT:PSS, Si, Ti, ITO, IrO x , Ag, and AgCl materials. Using established circuit models for NW-neuron interfaces, we discuss the impact of having multiple NWs interfacing with a single neuron on the amplitude and temporal characteristics of the recorded potentials. We review state of the art advances in nanoelectrode-neuron interfaces, the standard control experiments to investigate their electrophysiological behavior, and present recent high fidelity recordings of intracellular potentials obtained with ultrasharp NWs developed in our laboratory that naturally permeate neuronal cell bodies. Recordings from arrays and individually addressable electrically shorted NWs are presented, and the long-term stability of intracellular recording is discussed and put in the context of established techniques. Finally, a perspective on future research directions and applications is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngbin Tchoe
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ren Liu
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Andrew M. Bourhis
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Ritwik Vatsyayan
- Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Kabanov D, Klimovic S, Rotrekl V, Pesl M, Pribyl J. Atomic Force Spectroscopy is a promising tool to study contractile properties of cardiac cells. Micron 2021; 155:103199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Kim J, Shanmugasundaram A, Lee DW. Enhancement of cardiac contractility using gold-coated SU-8 cantilevers and their application to drug-induced cardiac toxicity tests. Analyst 2021; 146:6768-6779. [PMID: 34642716 DOI: 10.1039/d1an01337h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we propose an array of gold (Au)-coated SU-8 cantilevers with microgrooves for improved maturation of cardiomyocytes and describe its applications to drug-induced cardiac toxicity tests. Firstly, we evaluated the effect of cell culture substrates such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyimide (PI), and SU-8 on the cardiomyocyte's maturation. Among these, the SU-8 with microgroove structures exhibits improved cardiomyocyte maturation. Further, thin layers of graphene and Au are coated on SU-8 substrates and the effects of these materials on cardiomyocyte maturation are evaluated by analyzing the expression of proteins such as alpha-actinin, Connexin 43 (Cx43), and Vinculin. While both conductive materials enhanced protein expression when compared to bare SU-8, the Au-coated SU-8 substrates demonstrated superior cardiomyocyte maturation. The cantilever structure is constructed using microgroove patterned SU-8 with and without an Au coating. The Au-coated SU-8 cantilever showed maximum displacement of 17.6 ± 0.3 μm on day 21 compared to bare SU-8 (14.2 ± 0.4 μm) owing to improved cardiomyocytes maturation. Verapamil and quinidine are used to characterize drug-induced changes in the contraction characteristics of cardiomyocytes on bare and Au-coated SU-8 cantilevers. The relative contraction forces and beat rates changed according to the calcium and sodium channel related drugs. Matured cardiomyocytes are less influenced by the drugs compared to immature cardiomyocytes and showed reliable IC50 values. These results indicate that the proposed Au-coated SU-8 cantilever array could help improve the accuracy of toxicity screening results by allowing for the use of cardiomyocytes that have been matured on the drug screening platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyun Kim
- Graduate School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Arunkumar Shanmugasundaram
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea. .,Center for Next-Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Medical Device Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Fabrication of Planar Microelectrode Array Using Laser-Patterned ITO and SU-8. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12111347. [PMID: 34832760 PMCID: PMC8621540 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
For several decades, microelectrode array (MEA) has been a powerful tool for in vitro neural electrophysiology because it provides a unique approach for monitoring the activity of a number of neurons over time. Due to the various applications of MEAs with different types of cells and tissues, there is an increasing need to customize the electrode designs. However, the fabrication of conventional MEAs requires several microfabrication procedures of deposition, etching, and photolithography. In this study, we proposed a simple fabrication method with a laser-patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) conductor and SU-8 photoresist insulation. Unlike in a conventional metal patterning process, only the outlines of ITO conductors are ablated by laser without removing background ITO. Insulation is achieved simply via SU-8 photolithography. The electrode sites are electroplated with iridium oxide (IrOX) to improve the electrochemical properties. The fabricated MEAs are electrochemically characterized and the stability of insulation is also confirmed by impedance monitoring for three weeks. Dissociated neurons of rat hippocampi are cultured on MEAs to verify the biocompatibility and the capacity for extracellular neural recording. The electrochemical and electrophysiological results with the fabricated MEAs are similar to those from conventional SiNX-insulated MEAs. Therefore, the proposed MEA with laser-patterned ITO and SU-8 is cost-effective and equivalently feasible compared with the conventional MEAs fabricated using thin-film microfabrication techniques.
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Dong M, Oyunbaatar NE, Kanade PP, Kim DS, Lee DW. Real-Time Monitoring of Changes in Cardiac Contractility Using Silicon Cantilever Arrays Integrated with Strain Sensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3556-3563. [PMID: 34554741 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes the use of sensor-integrated silicon cantilever arrays to measure drug-induced cardiac toxicity in real time. The proposed cantilever sensors, unlike the conventional electrophysiological methods, aim to evaluate cardiac toxicity by measuring the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes corresponding to the target drugs. The surface of the silicon cantilever consists of microgrooves to maximize the alignment and the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes. This type of surface pattern also helps in the maturation of the cardiomyocytes by increasing the sarcomere length. The preliminary characterization of the cantilever sensors was performed on the cantilever surface, with the cardiomyocytes seeded with a density of 1000 cells/mm2, and the cardiac contractility was measured as a function of the culture days. The change in the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes due to the drug concentration was successfully measured through the integrated strain sensor in the culture media. The reliability of the sensor-integrated cantilevers and the feasibility of their mass production ensure that they meet the practical requirements in the medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nomin-Erdene Oyunbaatar
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Pooja P. Kanade
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Center for Next Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Roshanzadeh A, Oyunbaatar NE, Ganjbakhsh SE, Park S, Kim DS, Kanade PP, Lee S, Lee DW, Kim ES. Exposure to nanoplastics impairs collective contractility of neonatal cardiomyocytes under electrical synchronization. Biomaterials 2021; 278:121175. [PMID: 34628193 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are global pollutants that have been increasingly released into the environment following the degradation process of industrial and consumer products. These tiny particles have been reported to adversely affect various organs in the body, including the heart. Since it is probable that the less-developed hearts of newborn offspring are more vulnerable to nanoplastic insult during the infant feeding compared with mature hearts of adults, the acute effects of nanoplastics on the collective contractility of neonatal cardiomyocytes are to be elucidated. Here, we traced the aggregation of nanoplastics on the cell membrane and their internalization into the cytosol of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) for 60 min in the presence of electrical pulses to synchronize the cardiac contraction in vitro. The time-coursed linkage of collective contraction forces, intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, mitochondrial membrane potentials, extracellular field potentials, and reactive oxygen species levels enabled us to build up the sequence of the cellular events associated with the detrimental effects of nanoplastics with positive surface charges on the immature cardiomyocytes. A significant decrease in intracellular Ca2+ levels and electrophysiological activities of NRVMs resulted in the reduction of contraction forces in the early phase (0-15 min). The further reduction of contraction force in the late phase (30-60 min) was attributed to remarkable decreases in mitochondrial membrane potentials and cellular metabolism. Our multifaceted assessments on the effect of positively surface charged nanoplastics on NRVM may offer better understanding of substantial risks of ever-increasing nanoplastic pollution in the hearts of human infants or adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Roshanzadeh
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Nomin-Erdene Oyunbaatar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sangwoo Park
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 49 Dosicheomdansaneopro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61751, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Pooja P Kanade
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Lee
- Gwangju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 49 Dosicheomdansaneopro, Nam-gu, Gwangju, 61751, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Next Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eung-Sam Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Center for Next Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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33
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An organic transistor matrix for multipoint intracellular action potential recording. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022300118. [PMID: 34544852 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022300118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrode arrays are widely used for multipoint recording of electrophysiological activities, and organic electronics have been utilized to achieve both high performance and biocompatibility. However, extracellular electrode arrays record the field potential instead of the membrane potential itself, resulting in the loss of information and signal amplitude. Although much effort has been dedicated to developing intracellular access methods, their three-dimensional structures and advanced protocols prohibited implementation with organic electronics. Here, we show an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) matrix for the intracellular action potential recording. The driving voltage of sensor matrix simultaneously causes electroporation so that intracellular action potentials are recorded with simple equipment. The amplitude of the recorded peaks was larger than that of an extracellular field potential recording, and it was further enhanced by tuning the driving voltage and geometry of OECTs. The capability of miniaturization and multiplexed recording was demonstrated through a 4 × 4 action potential mapping using a matrix of 5- × 5-μm2 OECTs. Those features are realized using a mild fabrication process and a simple circuit without limiting the potential applications of functional organic electronics.
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Arslanova A, Shafaattalab S, Lin E, Barszczewski T, Hove-Madsen L, Tibbits GF. Investigating inherited arrhythmias using hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Methods 2021; 203:542-557. [PMID: 34197925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fundamental to the functional behavior of cardiac muscle is that the cardiomyocytes are integrated as a functional syncytium. Disrupted electrical activity in the cardiac tissue can lead to serious complications including cardiac arrhythmias. Therefore, it is important to study electrophysiological properties of the cardiac tissue. With advancements in stem cell research, protocols for the production of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have been established, providing great potential in modelling cardiac arrhythmias and drug testing. The hiPSC-CM model can be used in conjunction with electrophysiology-based platforms to examine the electrical activity of the cardiac tissue. Techniques for determining the myocardial electrical activity include multielectrode arrays (MEAs), optical mapping (OM), and patch clamping. These techniques provide critical approaches to investigate cardiac electrical abnormalities that underlie arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Arslanova
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada
| | - Sanam Shafaattalab
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada
| | - Eric Lin
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Tiffany Barszczewski
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada
| | - Leif Hove-Madsen
- Cardiac Rhythm and Contraction Group, IIBB-CSIC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain; CIBERCV, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain; IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona 08041, Spain
| | - Glen F Tibbits
- Molecular Cardiac Physiology Group, Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser, University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; hiPSC-CM Research Team, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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35
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Balch HB, McGuire AF, Horng J, Tsai HZ, Qi KK, Duh YS, Forrester PR, Crommie MF, Cui B, Wang F. Graphene Electric Field Sensor Enables Single Shot Label-Free Imaging of Bioelectric Potentials. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:4944-4949. [PMID: 34102057 PMCID: PMC8510444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The measurement of electrical activity across systems of excitable cells underlies current progress in neuroscience, cardiac pharmacology, and neurotechnology. However, bioelectricity spans orders of magnitude in intensity, space, and time, posing substantial technological challenges. The development of methods permitting network-scale recordings with high spatial resolution remains key to studies of electrogenic cells, emergent networks, and bioelectric computation. Here, we demonstrate single-shot and label-free imaging of extracellular potentials with high resolution across a wide field-of-view. The critically coupled waveguide-amplified graphene electric field (CAGE) sensor leverages the field-sensitive optical transitions in graphene to convert electric potentials into the optical regime. As a proof-of-concept, we use the CAGE sensor to detect native electrical activity from cardiac action potentials with tens-of-microns resolution, simultaneously map the propagation of these potentials at tissue-scale, and monitor their modification by pharmacological agents. This platform is robust, scalable, and compatible with existing microscopy techniques for multimodal correlative imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halleh B Balch
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Allister F McGuire
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jason Horng
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hsin-Zon Tsai
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kevin K Qi
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yi-Shiou Duh
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Patrick R Forrester
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F Crommie
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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36
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Chang Y, Li YN, Bai R, Wu F, Ma S, Saleem A, Zhang S, Jiang Y, Dong T, Guo T, Hang C, Lu WJ, Jiang H, Lan F. hERG-deficient human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for modelling QT prolongation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:278. [PMID: 33962658 PMCID: PMC8103639 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) is a common malignant hereditary arrhythmia. Due to the lack of suitable animal and human models, the pathogenesis of LQT2 caused by human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) deficiency is still unclear. In this study, we generated an hERG-deficient human cardiomyocyte (CM) model that simulates ‘human homozygous hERG mutations’ to explore the underlying impact of hERG dysfunction and the genotype–phenotype relationship of hERG deficiency. Methods The KCNH2 was knocked out in the human embryonic stem cell (hESC) H9 line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Using a chemically defined differentiation protocol, we obtained and verified hERG-deficient CMs. Subsequently, high-throughput microelectrode array (MEA) assays and drug interventions were performed to characterise the electrophysiological signatures of hERG-deficient cell lines. Results Our results showed that KCNH2 knockout did not affect the pluripotency or differentiation efficiency of H9 cells. Using high-throughput MEA assays, we found that the electric field potential duration and action potential duration of hERG-deficient CMs were significantly longer than those of normal CMs. The hERG-deficient lines also exhibited irregular rhythm and some early afterdepolarisations. Moreover, we used the hERG-deficient human CM model to evaluate the potency of agents (nifedipine and magnesium chloride) that may ameliorate the phenotype. Conclusions We established an hERG-deficient human CM model that exhibited QT prolongation, irregular rhythm and sensitivity to other ion channel blockers. This model serves as an important tool that can aid in understanding the fundamental impact of hERG dysfunction, elucidate the genotype–phenotype relationship of hERG deficiency and facilitate drug development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02346-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ya-Nan Li
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuhong Ma
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Amina Saleem
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Siyao Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Youxu Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tao Dong
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Tianwei Guo
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chengwen Hang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Jing Lu
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Feng Lan
- Beijing Laboratory for Cardiovascular Precision Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering for Cardiovascular Disease Research, The Key Laboratory of Remodeling-Related Cardiovascular Disease, Ministry of Education, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Research Institute Building, Room 323, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Key Laboratory of Application of Pluripotent Stem Cells in Heart Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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37
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Dipalo M, Rastogi SK, Matino L, Garg R, Bliley J, Iachetta G, Melle G, Shrestha R, Shen S, Santoro F, Feinberg AW, Barbaglia A, Cohen-Karni T, De Angelis F. Intracellular action potential recordings from cardiomyocytes by ultrafast pulsed laser irradiation of fuzzy graphene microelectrodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/15/eabd5175. [PMID: 33827809 PMCID: PMC8026128 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abd5175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Graphene with its unique electrical properties is a promising candidate for carbon-based biosensors such as microelectrodes and field effect transistors. Recently, graphene biosensors were successfully used for extracellular recording of action potentials in electrogenic cells; however, intracellular recordings remain beyond their current capabilities because of the lack of an efficient cell poration method. Here, we present a microelectrode platform consisting of out-of-plane grown three-dimensional fuzzy graphene (3DFG) that enables recording of intracellular cardiac action potentials with high signal-to-noise ratio. We exploit the generation of hot carriers by ultrafast pulsed laser for porating the cell membrane and creating an intimate contact between the 3DFG electrodes and the intracellular domain. This approach enables us to detect the effects of drugs on the action potential shape of human-derived cardiomyocytes. The 3DFG electrodes combined with laser poration may be used for all-carbon intracellular microelectrode arrays to allow monitoring of the cellular electrophysiological state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sahil K Rastogi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Laura Matino
- Tissue Electronics, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples 80125, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e delle Produzioni Industriali, DICMAPI, Università 'Federico II', Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Raghav Garg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Jacqueline Bliley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | | | - Ramesh Shrestha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Naples 80125, Italy
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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38
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Iachetta G, Colistra N, Melle G, Deleye L, Tantussi F, De Angelis F, Dipalo M. Improving reliability and reducing costs of cardiotoxicity assessments using laser-induced cell poration on microelectrode arrays. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 418:115480. [PMID: 33689843 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a major barrier to drug development and a main cause of withdrawal of marketed drugs. Drugs can strongly alter the spontaneous functioning of the heart by interacting with the cardiac membrane ion channels. If these effects only surface during in vivo preclinical tests, clinical trials or worse after commercialization, the societal and economic burden will be significant and seriously hinder the efficient drug development process. Hence, cardiac safety pharmacology requires in vitro electrophysiological screening assays of all drug candidates to predict cardiotoxic effects before clinical trials. In the past 10 years, microelectrode array (MEA) technology began to be considered a valuable approach in pharmaceutical applications. However, an effective tool for high-throughput intracellular measurements, compatible with pharmaceutical standards, is not yet available. Here, we propose laser-induced optoacoustic poration combined with CMOS-MEA technology as a reliable and effective platform to detect cardiotoxicity. This approach enables the acquisition of high-quality action potential recordings from large numbers of cardiomyocytes within the same culture well, providing reliable data using single-well MEA devices and single cardiac syncytia per each drug. Thus, this technology could be applied in drug safety screening platforms reducing times and costs of cardiotoxicity assessments, while simultaneously improving the data reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolò Colistra
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Lieselot Deleye
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
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39
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Lam CK, Wu JC. Clinical Trial in a Dish: Using Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Identify Risks of Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1019-1031. [PMID: 33472401 PMCID: PMC11006431 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.314695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Drug-induced cardiotoxicity is a significant clinical issue, with many drugs in the market being labeled with warnings on cardiovascular adverse effects. Treatments are often prematurely halted when cardiotoxicity is observed, which limits their therapeutic potential. Moreover, cardiotoxicity is a major reason for abandonment during drug development, reducing available treatment options for diseases and creating a significant financial burden and disincentive for drug developers. Thus, it is important to minimize the cardiotoxic effects of medications that are in use or in development. To this end, identifying patients at a higher risk of developing cardiovascular adverse effects for the drug of interest may be an effective strategy. The discovery of human induced pluripotent stem cells has enabled researchers to generate relevant cell types that retain a patient's own genome and examine patient-specific disease mechanisms, paving the way for precision medicine. Combined with the rapid development of pharmacogenomic analysis, the ability of induced pluripotent stem cell-derivatives to recapitulate patient-specific drug responses provides a powerful platform to identify subsets of patients who are particularly vulnerable to drug-induced cardiotoxicity. In this review, we will discuss the current use of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells in identifying populations who are at risk to drug-induced cardiotoxicity and their potential applications in future precision medicine practice. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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40
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Automated feature extraction from large cardiac electrophysiological data sets. J Electrocardiol 2021; 65:157-162. [PMID: 33640635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE A new multi-electrode array-based application for the long-term recording of action potentials from electrogenic cells makes possible exciting cardiac electrophysiology studies in health and disease. With hundreds of simultaneous electrode recordings being acquired over a period of days, the main challenge becomes achieving reliable signal identification and quantification. OBJECTIVE We set out to develop an algorithm capable of automatically extracting regions of high-quality action potentials from terabyte size experimental results and to map the trains of action potentials into a low-dimensional feature space for analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Our automatic segmentation algorithm finds regions of acceptable action potentials in large data sets of electrophysiological readings. We use spectral methods and support vector machines to classify our readings and to extract relevant features. We are able to show that action potentials from the same cell site can be recorded over days without detrimental effects to the cell membrane. The variability between measurements 24 h apart is comparable to the natural variability of the features at a single time point. CONCLUSIONS Our work contributes towards a non-invasive approach for cardiomyocyte functional maturation, as well as developmental, pathological and pharmacological studies. As the human-derived cardiac model tissue has the genetic makeup of its donor, a powerful tool for individual drug toxicity screening emerges.
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41
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Barbaglia A, Dipalo M, Melle G, Iachetta G, Deleye L, Hubarevich A, Toma A, Tantussi F, De Angelis F. Mirroring Action Potentials: Label-Free, Accurate, and Noninvasive Electrophysiological Recordings of Human-Derived Cardiomyocytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2004234. [PMID: 33410191 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202004234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The electrophysiological recording of action potentials in human cells is a long-sought objective due to its pivotal importance in many disciplines. Among the developed techniques, invasiveness remains a common issue, causing cytotoxicity or altering unpredictably cell physiological response. In this work, a new approach for recording intracellular signals of outstanding quality and with noninvasiveness is introduced. By taking profit of the concept of mirror charge in classical electrodynamics, the new proposed device transduces cell ionic currents into mirror charges in a microfluidic chamber, thus realizing a virtual mirror cell. By monitoring mirror charge dynamics, it is possible to effectively record the action potentials fired by the cells. Since there is no need for accessing or interacting with the cells, the method is intrinsically noninvasive. In addition, being based on optical recording, it shows high spatial resolution and high parallelization. As shown through a set of experiments, the presented methodology is an ideal candidate for the next generation devices for the reliable assessment of cardiotoxicity on human-derived cardiomyocytes. More generally, it paves the way toward a new family of in vitro biodevices that will lay a new milestone in the field of electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barbaglia
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Michele Dipalo
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | - Giovanni Melle
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Lieselot Deleye
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Toma
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova, 16163, Italy
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42
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Magdy T, Burridge PW. Use of hiPSC to explicate genomic predisposition to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:41-54. [PMID: 33448871 PMCID: PMC7923254 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The anticancer agents of the anthracycline family are commonly associated with the potential to cause severe toxicity to the heart. To solve the question of why particular a patient is predisposed to anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC), researchers have conducted numerous pharmacogenomic studies and identified more than 60 loci associated with AIC. To date, none of these identified loci have been developed into US FDA-approved biomarkers for use in routine clinical practice. With advances in the application of human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, sequencing technologies and genomic editing techniques, variants associated with AIC can now be validated in a human model. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of known genetic variants associated with AIC from the perspective of how human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes can be used to help better explain the genomic predilection to AIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Magdy
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul W Burridge
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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43
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Gintant G, Kaushik EP, Feaster T, Stoelzle-Feix S, Kanda Y, Osada T, Smith G, Czysz K, Kettenhofen R, Lu HR, Cai B, Shi H, Herron TJ, Dang Q, Burton F, Pang L, Traebert M, Abassi Y, Pierson JB, Blinova K. Repolarization studies using human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes: Validation studies and best practice recommendations. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 117:104756. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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44
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Qi T, Wu F, Xie Y, Gao S, Li M, Pu J, Li D, Lan F, Wang Y. Base Editing Mediated Generation of Point Mutations Into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020. [PMID: 33102492 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590581.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a powerful platform for disease modeling and drug discovery. However, the introduction of known pathogenic mutations into hPSCs is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Base editing is a newly developed technology that enables facile introduction of point mutations into specific loci within the genome of living cells. Here, we design an all-in-one episomal vector that expresses a single guide RNA (sgRNA) with an adenine base editor (ABE) or a cytosine base editor (CBE). Both ABE and CBE can efficiently introduce mutations into cells, A-to-G and C-to-T, respectively. We introduce disease-specific mutations of long QT syndrome into hPSCs to model LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3. Electrophysiological analysis of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) reveals that edited hPSC-CMs display significant increases in duration of the action potential. Finally, we introduce the novel Brugada syndrome-associated mutation into hPSCs, demonstrating that this mutation can cause abnormal electrophysiology. Our study demonstrates that episomal encoded base editors (epi-BEs) can efficiently generate mutation-specific disease hPSC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, China
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45
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Jones AJY, Gabriel F, Tandale A, Nietlispach D. Structure and Dynamics of GPCRs in Lipid Membranes: Physical Principles and Experimental Approaches. Molecules 2020; 25:E4729. [PMID: 33076366 PMCID: PMC7587580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the vast amount of information generated through structural and biophysical studies of GPCRs has provided unprecedented mechanistic insight into the complex signalling behaviour of these receptors. With this recent information surge, it has also become increasingly apparent that in order to reproduce the various effects that lipids and membranes exert on the biological function for these allosteric receptors, in vitro studies of GPCRs need to be conducted under conditions that adequately approximate the native lipid bilayer environment. In the first part of this review, we assess some of the more general effects that a membrane environment exerts on lipid bilayer-embedded proteins such as GPCRs. This is then followed by the consideration of more specific effects, including stoichiometric interactions with specific lipid subtypes. In the final section, we survey a range of different membrane mimetics that are currently used for in vitro studies, with a focus on NMR applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel Nietlispach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK; (A.J.Y.J.); (F.G.); (A.T.)
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46
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Qi T, Wu F, Xie Y, Gao S, Li M, Pu J, Li D, Lan F, Wang Y. Base Editing Mediated Generation of Point Mutations Into Human Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:590581. [PMID: 33102492 PMCID: PMC7546412 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.590581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a powerful platform for disease modeling and drug discovery. However, the introduction of known pathogenic mutations into hPSCs is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. Base editing is a newly developed technology that enables facile introduction of point mutations into specific loci within the genome of living cells. Here, we design an all-in-one episomal vector that expresses a single guide RNA (sgRNA) with an adenine base editor (ABE) or a cytosine base editor (CBE). Both ABE and CBE can efficiently introduce mutations into cells, A-to-G and C-to-T, respectively. We introduce disease-specific mutations of long QT syndrome into hPSCs to model LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3. Electrophysiological analysis of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) using multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) reveals that edited hPSC-CMs display significant increases in duration of the action potential. Finally, we introduce the novel Brugada syndrome-associated mutation into hPSCs, demonstrating that this mutation can cause abnormal electrophysiology. Our study demonstrates that episomal encoded base editors (epi-BEs) can efficiently generate mutation-specific disease hPSC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fujian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuquan Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dali Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yongming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Shanghai, China
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47
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A Novel Fluorescent Reporter System Identifies Laminin-511/521 as Potent Regulators of Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4249. [PMID: 32144297 PMCID: PMC7060274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61163-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (PSC-CMs) hold great promise for disease modeling and drug discovery. However, PSC-CMs exhibit immature phenotypes in culture, and the lack of maturity limits their broad applications. While physical and functional analyses are generally used to determine the status of cardiomyocyte maturation, they could be time-consuming and often present challenges in comparing maturation-enhancing strategies. Therefore, there is a demand for a method to assess cardiomyocyte maturation rapidly and reproducibly. In this study, we found that Myomesin-2 (Myom2), encoding M-protein, is upregulated postnatally, and based on this, we targeted TagRFP to the Myom2 locus in mouse embryonic stem cells. Myom2-RFP+ PSC-CMs exhibited more mature phenotypes than RFP- cells in morphology, function and transcriptionally, conductive to sarcomere shortening assays. Using this system, we screened extracellular matrices (ECMs) and identified laminin-511/521 as potent enhancers of cardiomyocyte maturation. Together, we developed and characterized a novel fluorescent reporter system for the assessment of cardiomyocyte maturation and identified potent maturation-enhancing ECMs through this simple and rapid assay. This system is expected to facilitate use of PSC-CMs in a variety of scientific and medical investigations.
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48
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Melle G, Bruno G, Maccaferri N, Iachetta G, Colistra N, Barbaglia A, Dipalo M, De Angelis F. Intracellular Recording of Human Cardiac Action Potentials on Market-Available Multielectrode Array Platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:66. [PMID: 32133349 PMCID: PMC7039818 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
High quality attenuated intracellular action potentials from large cell networks can be recorded on multi-electrode arrays by means of 3D vertical nanopillars using electrical pulses. However, most of the techniques require complex 3D nanostructures that prevent the straightforward translation into marketable products and the wide adoption in the scientific community. Moreover, 3D nanostructures are often delicate objects that cannot sustain several harsh use/cleaning cycles. On the contrary, laser optoacoustic poration allows the recording of action potentials on planar nanoporous electrodes made of noble metals. However, these constraints of the electrode material and morphology may also hinder the full exploitation of this methodology. Here, we show that optoacoustic poration is also very effective for porating cells on a large family of MEA electrode configurations, including robust electrodes made of nanoporous titanium nitride or disordered fractal-like gold nanostructures. This enables the recording of high quality cardiac action potentials in combination with optoacoustic poration, providing thus attenuated intracellular recordings on various already commercial devices used by a significant part of the research and industrial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Melle
- DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Giulia Bruno
- DIBRIS, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Nicolò Maccaferri
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - Andrea Barbaglia
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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49
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Kussauer S, David R, Lemcke H. hiPSCs Derived Cardiac Cells for Drug and Toxicity Screening and Disease Modeling: What Micro- Electrode-Array Analyses Can Tell Us. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111331. [PMID: 31661896 PMCID: PMC6912416 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CM) have been intensively used in drug development and disease modeling. Since iPSC-cardiomyocyte (CM) was first generated, their characterization has become a major focus of research. Multi-/micro-electrode array (MEA) systems provide a non-invasive user-friendly platform for detailed electrophysiological analysis of iPSC cardiomyocytes including drug testing to identify potential targets and the assessment of proarrhythmic risk. Here, we provide a systematical overview about the physiological and technical background of micro-electrode array measurements of iPSC-CM. We introduce the similarities and differences between action- and field potential and the advantages and drawbacks of MEA technology. In addition, we present current studies focusing on proarrhythmic side effects of novel and established compounds combining MEA systems and iPSC-CM. MEA technology will help to open a new gateway for novel therapies in cardiovascular diseases while reducing animal experiments at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Kussauer
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Robert David
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lemcke
- Department Cardiac Surgery, Medical Center, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
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