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Qian Z, Lu L, Zihan W, Qianyue B, Chungang Z, Shuheng Z, Jiali P, Jiaxin Y, Shuang Z, Jian W. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) improves salinity stress tolerance in soybean seedlings by modulating their mineral nutrition, osmolyte contents, and ascorbate-glutathione cycle. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:365. [PMID: 38706002 PMCID: PMC11071273 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05023-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, GABA plays a critical role in regulating salinity stress tolerance. However, the response of soybean seedlings (Glycine max L.) to exogenous gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) under saline stress conditions has not been fully elucidated. RESULTS This study investigated the effects of exogenous GABA (2 mM) on plant biomass and the physiological mechanism through which soybean plants are affected by saline stress conditions (0, 40, and 80 mM of NaCl and Na2SO4 at a 1:1 molar ratio). We noticed that increased salinity stress negatively impacted the growth and metabolism of soybean seedlings, compared to control. The root-stem-leaf biomass (27- and 33%, 20- and 58%, and 25- and 59% under 40- and 80 mM stress, respectively]) and the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b significantly decreased. Moreover, the carotenoid content increased significantly (by 35%) following treatment with 40 mM stress. The results exhibited significant increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), dehydroascorbic acid (DHA) oxidized glutathione (GSSG), Na+, and Cl- under 40- and 80 mM stress levels, respectively. However, the concentration of mineral nutrients, soluble proteins, and soluble sugars reduced significantly under both salinity stress levels. In contrast, the proline and glycine betaine concentrations increased compared with those in the control group. Moreover, the enzymatic activities of ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase decreased significantly, while those of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and dehydroascorbate reductase increased following saline stress, indicating the overall sensitivity of the ascorbate-glutathione cycle (AsA-GSH). However, exogenous GABA decreased Na+, Cl-, H2O2, and MDA concentration but enhanced photosynthetic pigments, mineral nutrients (K+, K+/Na+ ratio, Zn2+, Fe2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+); osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugar, and soluble protein); enzymatic antioxidant activities; and AsA-GSH pools, thus reducing salinity-associated stress damage and resulting in improved growth and biomass. The positive impact of exogenously applied GABA on soybean plants could be attributed to its ability to improve their physiological stress response mechanisms and reduce harmful substances. CONCLUSION Applying GABA to soybean plants could be an effective strategy for mitigating salinity stress. In the future, molecular studies may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms by which GABA regulates salt tolerance in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Qian
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Liu Lu
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Wei Zihan
- School of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bai Qianyue
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhao Chungang
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhang Shuheng
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Pan Jiali
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Yu Jiaxin
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Zhang Shuang
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China
| | - Wei Jian
- School of Life Sciences, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, 130032, China.
- School of Agriculture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Rohman MM, Islam MR, Habib SH, Choudhury DA, Mohi-Ud-Din M. NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species, antioxidant isozymes, and redox homeostasis regulate salt sensitivity in maize genotypes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26920. [PMID: 38468963 PMCID: PMC10926083 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between oxidative bursts, their regulation with ion homeostasis, and NADPH oxidase (NOX) in different salt-sensitive maize genotypes. For this, in the first study, four differently salt-sensitive maize genotypes (BIL214 × BIL218 as tolerant, BHM-5 as sensitive, and BHM-7 and BHM-9 as moderate-tolerant) were selected on the basis of phenotype, histochemical detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and specific and in-gel activity of NOX. In the next experiment, these genotypes were further examined in 200 mM NaCl solution in half-strength Hoagland media for nine days to study salt-induced changes in NOX activity, ROS accumulation, ion and redox homeostasis, the activity of antioxidants and their isozyme responses, and to find out potential relationships among the traits. Methylglyoxal (MG) and glyoxalse enzymes (Gly I and II) were also evaluated. Fully expanded leaf samplings were collected at 0 (control), 3, 6, 9-day, and after 7 days of recovery to assay different parameters. Na+/K+, NOX, ROS, and MDA contents increased significantly with the progression of stress duration in all maize genotypes, with a significantly higher value in BHM-5 as compared to tolerant and moderate-tolerant genotypes. A continual induction of Cu/Zn-SOD was observed in BIL214 × BIL218 due to salt stress. Substantial decreases in CAT2 and CAT3 isozymes in BHM-5 might be critical for the highest H2O2 burst in that sensitive genotype under salt stress. The highest intensified POD isozymes were visualized in BHM-5, BHM-7, and BHM-9, whereas BIL214 × BIL218 showed a continual induction of POD isozymes, although GPX activity decreased in all the genotypes at 9 days. Under salt stress, the tolerant genotype BIL214 × BIL218 showed superior ASA- and GSH-redox homeostasis by keeping GR and MDHAR activity high. This genotype also had a stronger MG detoxification system by having higher glyoxalase activity. Correlation, comparative heatmap, and PCA analyses revealed positive correlations among Na+/K+, NOX, O2•-, H2O2, MG, proline, GR, GST, and Gly I activities. Importantly, the relationship depends on the salt sensitivity of the genotypes. The reduced CAT activity as well as redox homeostasis were critical to the survival of the sensitive genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Motiar Rohman
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Robyul Islam
- SAARC Agriculture Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Sheikh Hasna Habib
- Oil Seed Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Kappachery S, AlHosani M, Khan TA, AlKharoossi SN, AlMansoori N, AlShehhi SAS, AlMansoori H, AlKarbi M, Sasi S, Karumannil S, Elangovan SK, Shah I, Gururani MA. Modulation of antioxidant defense and PSII components by exogenously applied acetate mitigates salinity stress in Avena sativa. Sci Rep 2024; 14:620. [PMID: 38182773 PMCID: PMC10770181 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51302-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress has detrimental effects on various aspects of plant development. However, our understanding of strategies to mitigate these effects in crop plants remains limited. Recent research has shed light on the potential of sodium acetate as a mitigating component against salinity stress in several plant species. Here, we show the role of acetate sodium in counteracting the adverse effects on oat (Avena sativa) plants subjected to NaCl-induced salinity stress, including its impact on plant morphology, photosynthetic parameters, and gene expression related to photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, ultimately leading to osmoprotection. The five-week experiment involved subjecting oat plants to four different conditions: water, salt (NaCl), sodium acetate, and a combination of salt and sodium acetate. The presence of NaCl significantly inhibited plant growth and root elongation, disrupted chlorophylls and carotenoids content, impaired chlorophyll fluorescence, and down-regulated genes associated with the plant antioxidant defense system. Furthermore, our findings reveal that when stressed plants were treated with sodium acetate, it partially reversed these adverse effects across all analyzed parameters. This reversal was particularly evident in the increased content of proline, thereby ensuring osmoprotection for oat plants, even under stressful conditions. These results provide compelling evidence regarding the positive impact of sodium acetate on various plant development parameters, with a particular focus on the enhancement of photosynthetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeesh Kappachery
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mohamed AlHosani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Tanveer Alam Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sara Nouh AlKharoossi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Nemah AlMansoori
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sara Ali Saeed AlShehhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Hamda AlMansoori
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Maha AlKarbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Shina Sasi
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sameera Karumannil
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Sampath Kumar Elangovan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Iltaf Shah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Mayank Anand Gururani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 15551, Al Ain, UAE.
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Sultana S, Rahman MM, Das AK, Haque MA, Rahman MA, Islam SMN, Ghosh PK, Keya SS, Tran LSP, Mostofa MG. Role of salicylic acid in improving the yield of two mung bean genotypes under waterlogging stress through the modulation of antioxidant defense and osmoprotectant levels. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 206:108230. [PMID: 38100888 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging (WL) is a major hindrance to the growth and development of leguminous crops, including mung bean. Here, we explored the effect of salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment on growth and yield output of two elite mung bean genotypes (BU Mung bean-4 and BU Mung bean-6) subjected to WL stress. SA pretreatment significantly improved shoot dry weight, individual leaf area, and photosynthetic pigment contents in both genotypes, while those improvements were higher in BU Mung bean-6 when compared with BU Mung bean-4. We also found that SA pretreatment significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative burden in both BU Mung bean-6 and BU Mung bean-4 by enhancing peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities, as well as total flavonoid contents. SA pretreatment further improved the accumulation of proline and free amino acids in both genotypes, indicating that SA employed these osmoprotectants to enhance osmotic balance. These results were particularly corroborated with the elevated levels of leaf water status and leaf succulence in BU Mung bean-6. SA-mediated improvement in physiological and biochemical mechanisms led to a greater yield-associated feature in BU Mung bean-6 under WL conditions. Collectively, these findings shed light on the positive roles of SA in alleviating WL stress, contributing to yield improvement in mung bean crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Sultana
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ashraful Haque
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Naimul Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Protik Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Dawood MFA, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Sohag AAM, Abdel Latef AAH. Role of Acetic Acid and Nitric Oxide against Salinity and Lithium Stress in Canola ( Brassica napus L.). Plants (Basel) 2023; 13:51. [PMID: 38202358 PMCID: PMC10781170 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings were treated with individual and combined salinity and lithium (Li) stress, with and without acetic acid (AA) or nitric acid (NO), to investigate their possible roles against these stresses. Salinity intensified Li-induced damage, and the principal component analysis revealed that this was primarily driven by increased oxidative stress, deregulation of sodium and potassium accumulation, and an imbalance in tissue water content. However, pretreatment with AA and NO prompted growth, re-established sodium and potassium homeostasis, and enhanced the defense system against oxidative and nitrosative damage by triggering the antioxidant capacity. Combined stress negatively impacted phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity, affecting flavonoids, carotenoids, and anthocyanin levels, which were then restored in canola plants primed with AA and NO. Additionally, AA and NO helped to maintain osmotic balance by increasing trehalose and proline levels and upregulating signaling molecules such as hydrogen sulfide, γ-aminobutyric acid, and salicylic acid. Both AA and NO improved Li detoxification by increasing phytochelatins and metallothioneins, and reducing glutathione contents. Comparatively, AA exerted more effective protection against the detrimental effects of combined stress than NO. Our findings offer novel perspectives on the impacts of combining salt and Li stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona F. A. Dawood
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;
| | - Md. Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
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Kulhánek M, Asrade DA, Suran P, Sedlář O, Černý J, Balík J. Plant Nutrition-New Methods Based on the Lessons of History: A Review. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:4150. [PMID: 38140480 PMCID: PMC10747035 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
As with new technologies, plant nutrition has taken a big step forward in the last two decades. The main objective of this review is to briefly summarise the main pathways in modern plant nutrition and attract potential researchers and publishers to this area. First, this review highlights the importance of long-term field experiments, which provide us with valuable information about the effects of different applied strategies. The second part is dedicated to the new analytical technologies (tomography, spectrometry, and chromatography), intensively studied environments (rhizosphere, soil microbial communities, and enzymatic activity), nutrient relationship indexes, and the general importance of proper data evaluation. The third section is dedicated to the strategies of plant nutrition, i.e., (i) plant breeding, (ii) precision farming, (iii) fertiliser placement, (iv) biostimulants, (v) waste materials as a source of nutrients, and (vi) nanotechnologies. Finally, the increasing environmental risks related to plant nutrition, including biotic and abiotic stress, mainly the threat of soil salinity, are mentioned. In the 21st century, fertiliser application trends should be shifted to local application, precise farming, and nanotechnology; amended with ecofriendly organic fertilisers to ensure sustainable agricultural practices; and supported by new, highly effective crop varieties. To optimise agriculture, only the combination of the mentioned modern strategies supported by a proper analysis based on long-term observations seems to be a suitable pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kulhánek
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic; (D.A.A.); (P.S.); (O.S.); (J.Č.); (J.B.)
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Lemaigre S, Gerin PA, Adam G, Klimek D, Goux X, Herold M, Frkova Z, Calusinska M, Delfosse P. Potential of acetic acid to restore methane production in anaerobic reactors critically intoxicated by ammonia as evidenced by metabolic and microbial monitoring. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2023; 16:188. [PMID: 38042839 PMCID: PMC10693713 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02438-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biogas and biomethane production from the on-farm anaerobic digestion (AD) of animal manure and agri-food wastes could play a key role in transforming Europe's energy system by mitigating its dependence on fossil fuels and tackling the climate crisis. Although ammonia is essential for microbial growth, it inhibits the AD process if present in high concentrations, especially under its free form, thus leading to economic losses. In this study, which includes both metabolic and microbial monitoring, we tested a strategy to restore substrate conversion to methane in AD reactors facing critical free ammonia intoxication. RESULTS The AD process of three mesophilic semi-continuous 100L reactors critically intoxicated by free ammonia (> 3.5 g_N L-1; inhibited hydrolysis and heterotrophic acetogenesis; interrupted methanogenesis) was restored by applying a strategy that included reducing pH using acetic acid, washing out total ammonia with water, re-inoculation with active microbial flora and progressively re-introducing sugar beet pulp as a feed substrate. After 5 weeks, two reactors restarted to hydrolyse the pulp and produced CH4 from the methylotrophic methanogenesis pathway. The acetoclastic pathway remained inhibited due to the transient dominance of a strictly methylotrophic methanogen (Candidatus Methanoplasma genus) to the detriment of Methanosarcina. Concomitantly, the third reactor, in which Methanosarcina remained dominant, produced CH4 from the acetoclastic pathway but faced hydrolysis inhibition. After 11 weeks, the hydrolysis, the acetoclastic pathway and possibly the hydrogenotrophic pathway were functional in all reactors. The methylotrophic pathway was no longer favoured. Although syntrophic propionate oxidation remained suboptimal, the final pulp to CH4 conversion ratio (0.41 ± 0.10 LN_CH4 g_VS-1) was analogous to the pulp biochemical methane potential (0.38 ± 0.03 LN_CH4 g_VS-1). CONCLUSIONS Despite an extreme free ammonia intoxication, the proposed process recovery strategy allowed CH4 production to be restored in three intoxicated reactors within 8 weeks, a period during which re-inoculation appeared to be crucial to sustain the process. Introducing acetic acid allowed substantial CH4 production during the recovery period. Furthermore, the initial pH reduction promoted ammonium capture in the slurry, which could allow the field application of the effluents produced by full-scale digesters recovering from ammonia intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lemaigre
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Patrick A Gerin
- Earth and Life Institute, Bioengineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.19, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gilles Adam
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Dominika Klimek
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Xavier Goux
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Malte Herold
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Zuzana Frkova
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Magdalena Calusinska
- Environmental Research and Innovation Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Rue du Brill 41, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Philippe Delfosse
- Université du Luxembourg, Campus Belval, Maison du Savoir, Avenue de l'Université 2, L-4365, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Li X, Zheng J, Wei W, Gong Z, Liu Z. The halophilic bacteria Gracilibacillus dipsosauri GDHT17 alleviates salt stress on perennial ryegrass seedlings. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1213884. [PMID: 37564282 PMCID: PMC10411512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1213884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adverse abiotic environmental conditions including excess salt in the soil, constantly challenge plants and disrupt the function of plants, even inflict damage on plants. Salt stress is one of the major limiting factors for agricultural productivity and severe restrictions on plant growth. One of the critical ways to improve plant salt tolerance is halotolerant bacteria application. However, few such halotolerant bacteria were known and should be explored furtherly. Methods Halophilic bacterium strain was isolated from saline soil with serial dilution and identified with classical bacteriological tests and 16S rRNA analysis. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) was used in this study to evaluate the potential effect of the bacteria. Results and discussion A halophilic bacterium strain GDHT17, was isolated from saline soil, which grows in the salinities media with 1.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0% (w/v) NaCl, and identified as Gracilibacillus dipsosauri. Inoculating GDHT17 can significantly promote ryegrass's seedling height and stem diameter and increase the root length, diameter, and surface area at different salt concentrations, indicating the significant salt stress alleviating effect of GDHT17 on the growth of ryegrass. The alleviating effect on roots growth showed more effective, especially on the root length, which increased significantly by 26.39%, 42.59%, and 98.73% at salt stress of 100 mM, 200 mM, and 300 mM NaCl when the seedlings were inoculated with GDHT17. Inoculating GDHT17 also increases perennial ryegrass biomass, water content, chlorophyll and carotenoid content under salt stress. The contents of proline and malonaldehyde in the seedlings inoculated with GDHT17 increased by 83.50% and 6.87%, when treated with 300 mM NaCl; however, the contents of MDA and Pro did not show an apparent effect under salt stress of 100 mM or 200 mM NaCl. GDHT17-inoculating maintained the Na+/K+ ratio in the salt-stressed ryegrass. The Na+/K+ ratio decreased by 26.52%, 6.89%, and 29.92% in the GDHT17-inoculated seedling roots treated with 100 mM, 200 mM, and 300 mM NaCl, respectively. The GDHT17-inoculating increased the POD and SOD activity of ryegrass seedlings by 25.83% and 250.79%, respectively, at a salt stress of 300 mM NaCl, indicating the properties of GDHT17, improving the activity of antioxidant enzymes of ryegrass at the salt-stress condition. Our results suggest that G. dipsosauri GDHT17 may alleviate salt stress on ryegrass in multiple ways; hence it can be processed into microbial inoculants to increase salt tolerance of ryegrass, as well as other plants in saline soil.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zhenyu Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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Mahmud S, Kamruzzaman M, Bhattacharyya S, Alharbi K, Abd El Moneim D, Mostofa MG. Acetic acid positively modulates proline metabolism for mitigating PEG-mediated drought stress in Maize and Arabidopsis. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1167238. [PMID: 37538054 PMCID: PMC10394635 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1167238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Osmotic imbalance is one of the major consequences of drought stress, negatively affecting plant growth and productivity. Acetic acid has modulatory roles in osmotic balance in plants; however, the mechanistic insights into acetic acid-mediated osmotic adjustment under drought stress remains largely unknown. Methods Here, we investigated how seed priming and seedling root treatment with acetic acid enabled maize plants overcoming polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced drought effects. Results Maize seeds primed with acetic acid showed better growth performance when compared with unprimed seeds under PEG application. This growth performance was mainly attributed to improved growth traits, such as fresh weight, dry weight, length of shoots and roots, and several leaf spectral indices, including normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and chlorophyll absorption in reflectance index (MCARI). The levels of oxidative stress indicators hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) did not alter significantly among the treatments, but proline content as well as the expression of proline biosynthetic gene, Δ1-PYRROLINE-5-CARBOXYLATE SYNTHETASE 1 (P5CS1) was significantly elevated in plants receiving acetic acid under PEG-treatments. On the other hand, treating the seedlings root with acetic acid led to a significant recovery of maize plants from drought-induced wilting. Although growth traits remained unchanged among the treatments, the enhancement of leaf water content, photosynthetic rate, proline level, expression of P5CS1, and antioxidant enzyme activities along with reduced level of H2O2 and MDA in acetic acid-supplemented drought plants indicated a positive regulatory role of acetic acid in maize tolerance to drought. Moreover, the high expression of P5CS1 and the subsequent elevation of proline level upon acetic acid application were further validated using wild type and proline biosynthetic mutant p5cs1 of Arabidopsis. Results showed that acetic acid application enabled wild type plants to maintain better phenotypic appearance and recovery from drought stress than p5cs1 plants, suggesting a crosstalk between acetic acid and proline metabolism in plants under drought stress. Discussion Our results highlight the molecular and intrinsic mechanisms of acetic acid conferring plant tolerance to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakil Mahmud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Kamruzzaman
- Department of Plant Breeding, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Sabarna Bhattacharyya
- Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Khadiga Alharbi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diaa Abd El Moneim
- Department of Plant Production (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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10
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Cândido NR, Pasa VMD, Vilela ADO, Campos ÂD, de Fátima Â, Modolo LV. Understanding the multifunctionality of pyroligneous acid from waste biomass and the potential applications in agriculture. Sci Total Environ 2023; 881:163519. [PMID: 37061061 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Efforts have been directed to the development of environmentally friendly processes and manufacturing of green products, use of renewable energy and more sustainable agricultural practices. Pyroligneous acid (PA) is a byproduct of biomass pyrolysis that consists of a complex mixture of bioactive substances. The complexity and richness of PA composition have opened a window for PA application in agriculture and mitigation of environmental pollution. This review brings a brief historical on the use of PA and regulatory policies adopted in Brazil, China, Japan and Thailand for PA application in agriculture. The composition and stability of PAs of several origins are presented, together with a discussion of the use of PA to boost plant growth and crop productivity, remove toxic metals from soil, inhibit soil ureases, mitigate the emission of greenhouse gases, control phytopathogen proliferation and weed dissemination. A great variety of biomass types are reported as feedstock to produce PA with distinct chemically diverse and active substances at wide-ranging concentrations. PA has been shown to successfully improve farming practices in a more sustainable fashion. The disclosure of the mechanisms of action that drive the PA's effects, together with the pursue of safety and efficacy data in a case-by-case way to address toxicity and shelf stability, will be valuable to expand the use of PA worldwide for food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Rangel Cândido
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ângela Diniz Campos
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Clima Temperado (CPACT), Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Monte Bonito, RS, Brazil
| | - Ângelo de Fátima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luzia Valentina Modolo
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Kudo T, To TK, Kim JM. Simple and universal function of acetic acid to overcome the drought crisis. Stress Biol 2023; 3:15. [PMID: 37676400 PMCID: PMC10441936 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-023-00094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid is a simple and universal compound found in various organisms. Recently, acetic acid was found to play an essential role in conferring tolerance to water deficit stress in plants. This novel mechanism of drought stress tolerance mediated by acetic acid via networks involving phytohormones, genes, and chromatin regulation has great potential for solving the global food crisis and preventing desertification caused by global warming. We highlight the functions of acetic acid in conferring tolerance to water deficit stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taiko Kim To
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jong-Myong Kim
- Ac-Planta Inc, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Nawrocka J, Szymczak K, Skwarek-Fadecka M, Małolepsza U. Toward the Analysis of Volatile Organic Compounds from Tomato Plants ( Solanum lycopersicum L.) Treated with Trichoderma virens or/and Botrytis cinerea. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091271. [PMID: 37174671 PMCID: PMC10177525 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea causes significant losses in tomato crops. B. cinerea infection may be halted by volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which may exhibit fungistatic activity or enhance the defense responses of plants against the pathogen. The enhanced VOC generation was observed in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), with the soil-applied biocontrol agent Trichoderma virens (106 spores/1 g soil), which decreased the gray mold disease index in plant leaves at 72 hpi with B. cinerea suspension (1 × 106 spores/mL). The tomato leaves were found to emit 100 VOCs, annotated and putatively annotated, assigned to six classes by the headspace GCxGC TOF-MS method. In Trichoderma-treated plants with a decreased grey mold disease index, the increased emission or appearance of 2-hexenal, (2E,4E)-2,4-hexadienal, 2-hexyn-1-ol, 3,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one, 1-octen-3-ol, 1,5-octadien-3-ol, 2-octenal, octanal, 2-penten-1-ol, (Z)-6-nonenal, prenol, and acetophenone, and 2-hydroxyacetophenone, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, 2-carene, δ-elemene, and isocaryophyllene, and β-ionone, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, and 2-ethyl-, and 2-pentylfuran, ethyl, butyl, and hexyl acetate were most noticeable. This is the first report of the VOCs that were released by tomato plants treated with Trichoderma, which may be used in practice against B. cinerea, although this requires further analysis, including the complete identification of VOCs and determination of their potential as agents that are capable of the direct and indirect control of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Nawrocka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Kamil Szymczak
- Institute of Natural Products and Cosmetics, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Skwarek-Fadecka
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Urszula Małolepsza
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Anik TR, Mostofa MG, Rahman MM, Khan MAR, Ghosh PK, Sultana S, Das AK, Hossain MS, Keya SS, Rahman MA, Jahan N, Gupta A, Tran LSP. Zn Supplementation Mitigates Drought Effects on Cotton by Improving Photosynthetic Performance and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040854. [PMID: 37107228 PMCID: PMC10135281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is recognized as a paramount threat to sustainable agricultural productivity. This threat has grown more severe in the age of global climate change. As a result, finding a long-term solution to increase plants’ tolerance to drought stress has been a key research focus. Applications of chemicals such as zinc (Zn) may provide a simpler, less time-consuming, and effective technique for boosting the plant’s resilience to drought. The present study gathers persuasive evidence on the potential roles of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4·7H2O; 1.0 g Kg−1 soil) and zinc oxide (ZnO; 1.0 g Kg−1 soil) in promoting tolerance of cotton plants exposed to drought at the first square stage, by exploring various physiological, morphological, and biochemical features. Soil supplementation of ZnSO4 or ZnO to cotton plants improved their shoot biomass, root dry weight, leaf area, photosynthetic performance, and water-use efficiency under drought stress. Zn application further reduced the drought-induced accumulations of H2O2 and malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage in stressed plants. Antioxidant assays revealed that Zn supplements, particularly ZnSO4, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by increasing the activities of a range of ROS quenchers, such as catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and guaiacol peroxidase, to protect the plants against ROS-induced oxidative damage during drought stress. Increased leaf relative water contents along with increased water-soluble protein contents may indicate the role of Zn in improving the plant’s water status under water-deficient conditions. The results of the current study also suggested that, in general, ZnSO4 supplementation more effectively increased cotton drought tolerance than ZnO supplementation, thereby suggesting ZnSO4 as a potential chemical to curtail drought-induced detrimental effects in water-limited soil conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touhidur Rahman Anik
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Energy Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Md. Arifur Rahman Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Protik Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Saddam Hossain
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Md. Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Nusrat Jahan
- Cotton Research Training and Seed Multiplication Farm, Cotton Development Board, Gazipur 1740, Bangladesh
| | - Aarti Gupta
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
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Thalassinos G, Petropoulos SA, Antoniadis V. The Response of Purslane ( Portulaca oleracea) to Soil-Added Pb: Is It Suitable as a Potential Phytoremediation Species? Toxics 2023; 11:153. [PMID: 36851028 PMCID: PMC9965759 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soils with high lead (Pb) levels can be decontaminated with the use of tolerant plants. Their effectiveness may be increased with added soil N due to boosted plant vigor, but such an agronomic practice has not been widely reported so far. In this work, purslane (Portulaca oleracea) was tested in a pot experiment as a potential phytoremediation species using soil spiked with Pb at doses of 0, 150, 300, 600, and 900 mg kg-1 (referred to as Pb(0), Pb(150), Pb(300), Pb(600), and Pb(900), respectively) with added N (referred to as N(1); at 300 kg N ha-1) and without added N (N(0)). We found that added Pb did not cause any adverse effects on plant growth (height, and aerial and root dry biomass) and physiological parameters, which were boosted with added N. Lead plant concentration and uptake significantly increased with added N, a finding that confirms our hypothesis. The number of necessary harvests of purslane in order to reduce soil Pb to half its initial concentration was also calculated and found to decrease with added N, being 131 at Pb(900)N(1). Although results indicate the potential of purslane as a phytoremediation species, further research is needed under real field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vasileios Antoniadis
- Correspondence: (S.A.P.); (V.A.); Tel.: +30-2421093196 (S.A.P.); +30-2421093241 (V.A.)
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Ullah A, Ali I, Noor J, Zeng F, Bawazeer S, Eldin SM, Asghar MA, Javed HH, Saleem K, Ullah S, Ali H. Exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mitigated salinity-induced impairments in mungbean plants by regulating their nitrogen metabolism and antioxidant potential. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1081188. [PMID: 36743556 PMCID: PMC9897288 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1081188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing soil salinization has a detrimental effect on agricultural productivity.Therefore, strategies are needed to induce salinity-tolerance in crop species for sustainable foodproduction. γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) plays a key role in regulating plant salinity stresstolerance. However, it remains largely unknown how mungbean plants (Vigna radiata L.) respondto exogenous GABA under salinity stress. METHODS Thus, we evaluated the effect of exogenous GABA (1.5 mM) on the growth and physiobiochemicalresponse mechanism of mungbean plants to saline stress (0-, 50-, and 100 mM [NaCland Na2SO4, at a 1:1 molar ratio]). RESULTS Increased saline stress adversely affected mungbean plants' growth and metabolism. Forinstance, leaf-stem-root biomass (34- and 56%, 31- and 53%, and 27- and 56% under 50- and 100mM, respectively]) and chlorophyll concentrations declined. The carotenoid level increased (10%)at 50 mM and remained unaffected at 100 mM. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde(MDA), osmolytes (soluble sugars, soluble proteins, proline), total phenolic content, andenzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase(POD), glutathione reductase (GTR), and polyphenol oxidation (PPO) were significantlyincreased. In leaves, salinity caused a significant increase in Na+ concentration but a decrease inK+ concentration, resulting in a low K+/Na+ concentration (51- and 71% under 50- and 100- mMstress). Additionally, nitrogen concentration and the activities of nitrate reductase (NR) andglutamine synthetase (GS) decreased significantly. The reduction in glutamate synthase (GOGAT)activity was only significant (65%) at 100 mM stress. Exogenous GABA decreased Na+, H2O2,and MDA concentrations but enhanced photosynthetic pigments, K+ and K+/Na+ ratio, Nmetabolism, osmolytes, and enzymatic antioxidant activities, thus reducing salinity-associatedstress damages, resulting in improved growth and biomass. CONCLUSION Exogenous GABA may have improved the salinity tolerance of mungbean plants by maintaining their morpho-physiological responses and reducing the accumulation of harmfulsubstances under salinity. Future molecular studies can contribute to a better understanding of themolecular mechanisms by which GABA regulates mungbean salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Iftikhar Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, Pakistan
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Javaria Noor
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Root Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sami Bawazeer
- Umm Al-Qura University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Eldin
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, 2 Brunszvik St. Martonvásár, Hungary
| | | | - Khansa Saleem
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Haider Ali
- Center for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh Swat, Pakistan
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16
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Morcillo RJL, Baroja-Fernández E, López-Serrano L, Leal-López J, Muñoz FJ, Bahaji A, Férez-Gómez A, Pozueta-Romero J. Cell-free microbial culture filtrates as candidate biostimulants to enhance plant growth and yield and activate soil- and plant-associated beneficial microbiota. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1040515. [PMID: 36618653 PMCID: PMC9816334 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work we compiled information on current and emerging microbial-based fertilization practices, especially the use of cell-free microbial culture filtrates (CFs), to promote plant growth, yield and stress tolerance, and their effects on plant-associated beneficial microbiota. In addition, we identified limitations to bring microbial CFs to the market as biostimulants. In nature, plants act as metaorganisms, hosting microorganisms that communicate with the plants by exchanging semiochemicals through the phytosphere. Such symbiotic interactions are of high importance not only for plant yield and quality, but also for functioning of the soil microbiota. One environmentally sustainable practice to increasing crop productivity and/or protecting plants from (a)biotic stresses while reducing the excessive and inappropriate application of agrochemicals is based on the use of inoculants of beneficial microorganisms. However, this technology has a number of limitations, including inconsistencies in the field, specific growth requirements and host compatibility. Beneficial microorganisms release diffusible substances that promote plant growth and enhance yield and stress tolerance. Recently, evidence has been provided that this capacity also extends to phytopathogens. Consistently, soil application of microbial cell-free culture filtrates (CFs) has been found to promote growth and enhance the yield of horticultural crops. Recent studies have shown that the response of plants to soil application of microbial CFs is associated with strong proliferation of the resident beneficial soil microbiota. Therefore, the use of microbial CFs to enhance both crop yield and stress tolerance, and to activate beneficial soil microbiota could be a safe, efficient and environmentally friendly approach to minimize shortfalls related to the technology of microbial inoculation. In this review, we compile information on microbial CFs and the main constituents (especially volatile compounds) that promote plant growth, yield and stress tolerance, and their effects on plant-associated beneficial microbiota. In addition, we identify challenges and limitations for their use as biostimulants to bring them to the market and we propose remedial actions and give suggestions for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jorge León Morcillo
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Edurne Baroja-Fernández
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Lidia López-Serrano
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Leal-López
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco José Muñoz
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Abdellatif Bahaji
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología (IdAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Gobierno de Navarra, Nafarroa, Spain
| | - Alberto Férez-Gómez
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Javier Pozueta-Romero
- Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture “La Mayora” (IHSM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Kong X, Guo Z, Yao Y, Xia L, Liu R, Song H, Zhang S. Acetic acid alters rhizosphere microbes and metabolic composition to improve willows drought resistance. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157132. [PMID: 35798115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of drought on plants are gradually exacerbated with global climatic change. Amelioration of the drought stress that is induced by low doses of acetic acid (AA) has been caused great interest in plants. However, whether AA can change soil microbial composition is still unknown. Here, we investigated how exogenous AA regulates the physiology, rhizosphere soil microorganisms and metabolic composition on Salix myrtillacea under drought stress. The physiological results showed that AA could improve the drought tolerance of S. myrtillacea. Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were enriched in the rhizosphere by AA irrigation. AA significantly increased the relative contents of amino acid metabolites (e.g., glycyl-L-tyrosine, l-glutamine and seryl-tryptophan) and decreased the relative contents of phenylpropane metabolites (e.g., fraxetin and sinapyl aldehyde) in soils. The enrichments of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas were significantly correlated with glycyl-L-tyrosine, l-glutamine, seryl-tryptophan, fraxetin and sinapyl aldehyde, which could increase the stress resistance by promoting nitrogen (N) uptake for willows. Furthermore, inoculation with Azotobacter chroococcum and Pseudomonas fluorescens could significantly improve willows drought tolerance. Therefore, our results reveal that the changes of plant physiology, rhizosphere soil microorganisms and metabolic composition induced by AA can improve willows drought resistance by enhancing N uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangge Kong
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Linchao Xia
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Ruixuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Haifeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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18
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Ullah A, Tariq A, Sardans J, Peñuelas J, Zeng F, Graciano C, Asghar MA, Raza A, Xiong YC, Chai X, Zhang Z. Alhagi sparsifolia acclimatizes to saline stress by regulating its osmotic, antioxidant, and nitrogen assimilation potential. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:453. [PMID: 36131250 PMCID: PMC9490911 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alhagi sparsifolia (Camelthorn) is a leguminous shrub species that dominates the Taklimakan desert's salty, hyperarid, and infertile landscapes in northwest China. Although this plant can colonize and spread in very saline soils, how it adapts to saline stress in the seedling stage remains unclear so a pot-based experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of four different saline stress levels (0, 50, 150, and 300 mM) on the morphological and physio-biochemical responses in A. sparsifolia seedlings. RESULTS Our results revealed that N-fixing A. sparsifolia has a variety of physio-biochemical anti-saline stress acclimations, including osmotic adjustments, enzymatic mechanisms, and the allocation of metabolic resources. Shoot-root growth and chlorophyll pigments significantly decreased under intermediate and high saline stress. Additionally, increasing levels of saline stress significantly increased Na+ but decreased K+ concentrations in roots and leaves, resulting in a decreased K+/Na+ ratio and leaves accumulated more Na + and K + ions than roots, highlighting their ability to increase cellular osmolarity, favouring water fluxes from soil to leaves. Salt-induced higher lipid peroxidation significantly triggered antioxidant enzymes, both for mass-scavenging (catalase) and cytosolic fine-regulation (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) of H2O2. Nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase also increased at low and intermediate saline stress levels but decreased under higher stress levels. Soluble proteins and proline rose at all salt levels, whereas soluble sugars increased only at low and medium stress. The results show that when under low-to-intermediate saline stress, seedlings invest more energy in osmotic adjustments but shift their investment towards antioxidant defense mechanisms under high levels of saline stress. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that A. sparsifolia seedlings tolerate low, intermediate, and high salt stress by promoting high antioxidant mechanisms, osmolytes accumulations, and the maintenance of mineral N assimilation. However, a gradual decline in growth with increasing salt levels could be attributed to the diversion of energy from growth to maintain salinity homeostasis and anti-stress oxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abd Ullah
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Catalonia Spain
- CREAF, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia Spain
| | - Fanjiang Zeng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Corina Graciano
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Muhammad Ahsan Asghar
- Department of Biological Resources, Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, ELKH, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Ali Raza
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - You-Cai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, Institute of Arid Agroecology, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Xutian Chai
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, China
- Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystems, Cele, 848300 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Sun T, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Li X, Li M, Yang Y, Zhou J, Wei Q, Zhou B. Exogenous application of acetic acid enhances drought tolerance by influencing the MAPK signaling pathway induced by ABA and JA in apple plants. Tree Physiol 2022; 42:1827-1840. [PMID: 35323984 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The external application of acetic acid (AA) has been shown to improve drought survival in plants, such as Arabidopsis, rice, maize, wheat, rapeseed and cassava, and the application of AA also increased drought tolerance in perennial woody apple (Malus domestica) plants. An understanding of AA-induced drought tolerance in apple plants at the molecular level will contribute to the development of technology that can be used to enhance drought tolerance. In this study, the morphological, physiological and transcriptomic responses to drought stress were analyzed in apple plants after watering without AA (CK), watering with AA (AA), drought treatment (D) and drought treatment with AA (DA). The results suggested that the AA-treated apple plants had a higher tolerance to drought than water-treated plants. Higher levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids were found under the DA conditions than under D stress. The levels of abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA) and methyl jasmonate were increased in AA-treated apple plants. Transcriptomic profiling indicated the key biological pathways involved in metabolic processes, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, plant hormone signal transduction and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in response to different drought conditions. The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, (9S,13S)-cis-oxophytodienoic acid reductase, allene oxide synthase, allene oxide cyclase and lipoxygenase genes participate in the synthase of ABA and JA under drought and AA treatments. Collectively, the results showed that external application of AA enhanced drought tolerance in apple plants by influencing the ABA- and JA-induced MAPK signaling pathways. These data indicated that the application of AA in plants is beneficial for enhancing drought tolerance and decreasing growth inhibition in agricultural fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Sun
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Junke Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Minji Li
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuzhang Yang
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Qinping Wei
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Beibei Zhou
- Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Deciduous Fruit Trees, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100093, China
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Hossain MS, Abdelrahman M, Tran CD, Nguyen KH, Chu HD, Watanabe Y, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Modulation of osmoprotection and antioxidant defense by exogenously applied acetate enhances cadmium stress tolerance in lentil seedlings. Environ Pollut 2022; 308:119687. [PMID: 35777591 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To examine the potential role of acetate in conferring cadmium (Cd) stress tolerance in lentil (Lens culinaris), several phenotypical and physio-biochemical properties have been examined in Cd-stressed lentil seedlings following acetate applications. Acetate treatment inhibited the translocation of Cd from roots to shoots, which resulted in a minimal reduction in photosynthetic pigment contents. Additionally, acetate-treated lentil showed higher shoot (1.1 and 11.72%) and root (4.98 and 30.64%) dry weights compared with acetate-non-treated plants under low-Cd and high-Cd concentrations, respectively. Concurrently, acetate treatments increase osmoprotection under low-Cd stress through proline accumulation (24.69%), as well as enhancement of antioxidant defense by increasing ascorbic acid content (239.13%) and catalase activity (148.51%) under high-Cd stress. Acetate-induced antioxidant defense resulted in a significant diminution in hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage in Cd-stressed lentil seedlings. Our results indicated that acetate application mitigated oxidative stress-induced damage by modulating antioxidant defense and osmoprotection, and reducing root-to-shoot Cd transport. These findings indicate an important contribution of acetate in mitigating the Cd toxicity during growth and development of lentil seedlings, and suggest that the exogenous applications of acetate could be an economical and new avenue for controlling heavy metal-caused damage in lentil, and potentially in many other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahadat Hossain
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Mostafa Abdelrahman
- Biotechnology Program, Faculty of Science, Galala University, Suze, Galala, 43511, Egypt; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Cuong Duy Tran
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnamese Academy of Agricultural Science, Pham Van Dong str., Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Kien Huu Nguyen
- National Key Laboratory for Plant Cell Technology, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Pham Van Dong Str., Hanoi, 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Ha Duc Chu
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, University of Engineering and Technology, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Xuan Thuy Road, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, 122300, Viet Nam
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Bioproductivity Informatics Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Ikenobe 2393, Miki-cho, Kita gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
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Rahman MM, Mostofa MG, Das AK, Anik TR, Keya SS, Ahsan SM, Khan MAR, Ahmed M, Rahman MA, Hossain MM, Tran LP. Ethanol Positively Modulates Photosynthetic Traits, Antioxidant Defense and Osmoprotectant Levels to Enhance Drought Acclimatization in Soybean. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:516. [PMID: 35326166 PMCID: PMC8944470 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major environmental threat to agricultural productivity and food security across the world. Therefore, addressing the detrimental effects of drought on vital crops like soybean has a significant impact on sustainable food production. Priming plants with organic compounds is now being considered as a promising technique for alleviating the negative effects of drought on plants. In the current study, we evaluated the protective functions of ethanol in enhancing soybean drought tolerance by examining the phenotype, growth attributes, and several physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Our results showed that foliar application of ethanol (20 mM) to drought-stressed soybean plants increased biomass, leaf area per trifoliate, gas exchange features, water-use-efficiency, photosynthetic pigment contents, and leaf relative water content, all of which contributed to the improved growth performance of soybean under drought circumstances. Drought stress, on the other hand, caused significant accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde, as well as an increase of electrolyte leakage in the leaves, underpinning the evidence of oxidative stress and membrane damage in soybean plants. By comparison, exogenous ethanol reduced the ROS-induced oxidative burden by boosting the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and the content of total flavonoids in soybean leaves exposed to drought stress. Additionally, ethanol supplementation increased the contents of total soluble sugars and free amino acids in the leaves of drought-exposed plants, implying that ethanol likely employed these compounds for osmotic adjustment in soybean under water-shortage conditions. Together, our findings shed light on the ethanol-mediated protective mechanisms by which soybean plants coordinated different morphophysiological and biochemical responses in order to increase their drought tolerance.
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Islam MR, Rahman MM, Mohi-Ud-Din M, Akter M, Zaman E, Keya SS, Hasan M, Hasanuzzaman M. Cytokinin and gibberellic acid-mediated waterlogging tolerance of mungbean ( Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). PeerJ 2022; 10:e12862. [PMID: 35186468 PMCID: PMC8820211 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is one of the most important pulse crops, well-known for its protein-rich seeds. Growth and productivity are severely undermined by waterlogging. METHODS In this study, we aim to evaluate how two promising phytohormones, namely cytokinin (CK) and gibberellic acid (GA3), can improve waterlogging tolerance in mungbean by investigating key morphological, physiological, biochemical, and yield-related attributes. RESULTS Our results showed that foliar application of CK and GA3 under 5-day of waterlogged conditions improved mungbean growth and biomass, which was associated with increased levels of photosynthetic rate and pigments. Waterlogged-induced accumulation of reactive oxygen species and the consequently elevated levels of malondialdehyde were considerably reduced by CK and GA3 treatments. Mungbean plants sprayed with either CK or GA3 suffered less oxidative stress due to the enhancement of total phenolics and flavonoids levels. Improvement in the contents of proline and total soluble sugars indicated a better osmotic adjustment following CK and GA3 treatments in waterlogged-exposed plants. Most fundamentally, CK or GA3-sprayed waterlogged-stressed mungbean plants demonstrated better performance in the aforementioned parameters after the 15-day recovery period as compared to water-sprayed waterlogged-exposed plants. Our results also revealed that CK and GA3 treatments increased yield-associated features in the waterlogged-stressed plant. Here, both phytohormones are efficient in improving mungbean resistance to waterlogging. However, CK was found to be more effective. Overall, our findings suggested that CK or GA3 could be used for managing waterlogging-induced damage to mungbean and perhaps in other cash crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
| | - Mohammed Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Munny Akter
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Erin Zaman
- Department of Agronomy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, United States
| | - Mehfuz Hasan
- Department of Genetic and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Das AK, Anik TR, Rahman MM, Keya SS, Islam MR, Rahman MA, Sultana S, Ghosh PK, Khan S, Ahamed T, Ghosh TK, Tran LSP, Mostofa MG. Ethanol Treatment Enhances Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Mitigate Saline Toxicity in Soybean. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:plants11030272. [PMID: 35161252 PMCID: PMC8838166 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity, a major environmental concern, significantly reduces plant growth and production all around the world. Finding solutions to reduce the salinity impacts on plants is critical for global food security. In recent years, the priming of plants with organic chemicals has shown to be a viable approach for the alleviation of salinity effects in plants. The current study examined the effects of exogenous ethanol in triggering salinity acclimatization responses in soybean by investigating growth responses, and numerous physiological and biochemical features. Foliar ethanol application to saline water-treated soybean plants resulted in an enhancement of biomass, leaf area, photosynthetic pigment contents, net photosynthetic rate, shoot relative water content, water use efficiency, and K+ and Mg2+ contents, leading to improved growth performance under salinity. Salt stress significantly enhanced the contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde, and electrolyte leakage in the leaves, suggesting salt-induced oxidative stress and membrane damage in soybean plants. In contrast, ethanol treatment of salt-treated soybean plants boosted ROS-detoxification mechanisms by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase. Ethanol application also augmented the levels of proline and total free amino acids in salt-exposed plants, implying a role of ethanol in maintaining osmotic adjustment in response to salt stress. Notably, exogenous ethanol decreased Na+ uptake while increasing K+ and Mg2+ uptake and their partitioning to leaves and roots in salt-stressed plants. Overall, our findings reveal the protective roles of ethanol against salinity in soybean and suggest that the use of this cost-effective and easily accessible ethanol in salinity mitigation could be an effective approach to increase soybean production in salt-affected areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Touhidur Rahman Anik
- Plant Pathology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Md. Robyul Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Md. Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (M.R.I.); (S.S.)
| | - Protik Kumar Ghosh
- Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Sabia Khan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Tofayel Ahamed
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.); (T.A.)
| | - Totan Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Crop Botany, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Lam Son-Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.); (L.S.-P.T.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Sharifi R, Jeon JS, Ryu CM. Belowground plant-microbe communications via volatile compounds. J Exp Bot 2022; 73:463-486. [PMID: 34727189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds play important roles in rhizosphere biological communications and interactions. The emission of plant and microbial volatiles is a dynamic phenomenon that is affected by several endogenous and exogenous signals. Diffusion of volatiles can be limited by their adsorption, degradation, and dissolution under specific environmental conditions. Therefore, rhizosphere volatiles need to be investigated on a micro and spatiotemporal scale. Plant and microbial volatiles can expand and specialize the rhizobacterial niche not only by improving the root system architecture such that it serves as a nutrient-rich shelter, but also by inhibiting or promoting the growth, chemotaxis, survival, and robustness of neighboring organisms. Root volatiles play an important role in engineering the belowground microbiome by shaping the microbial community structure and recruiting beneficial microbes. Microbial volatiles are appropriate candidates for improving plant growth and health during environmental challenges and climate change. However, some technical and experimental challenges limit the non-destructive monitoring of volatile emissions in the rhizosphere in real-time. In this review, we attempt to clarify the volatile-mediated intra- and inter-kingdom communications in the rhizosphere, and propose improvements in experimental design for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouhallah Sharifi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Je-Seung Jeon
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, Infectious Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Biosystem and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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Li J, Liu Y, Zhang M, Xu H, Ning K, Wang B, Chen M. Melatonin increases growth and salt tolerance of Limonium bicolor by improving photosynthetic and antioxidant capacity. BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:16. [PMID: 34983373 PMCID: PMC8725383 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soil salinization is becoming an increasingly serious problem worldwide, resulting in cultivated land loss and desertification, as well as having a serious impact on agriculture and the economy. The indoleamine melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) has a wide array of biological roles in plants, including acting as an auxin analog and an antioxidant. Previous studies have shown that exogenous melatonin application alleviates the salt-induced growth inhibition in non-halophyte plants; however, to our knowledge, melatonin effects have not been examined on halophytes, and it is unclear whether melatonin provides similar protection to salt-exposed halophytic plants. RESULTS We exposed the halophyte Limonium bicolor to salt stress (300 mM) and concomitantly treated the plants with 5 μM melatonin to examine the effect of melatonin on salt tolerance. Exogenous melatonin treatment promoted the growth of L. bicolor under salt stress, as reflected by increasing its fresh weight and leaf area. This increased growth was caused by an increase in net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency. Treatment of salt-stressed L. bicolor seedlings with 5 μM melatonin also enhanced the activities of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase [SOD], peroxidase [POD], catalase [CAT], and ascorbate peroxidase [APX]), while significantly decreasing the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O2•-), and malondialdehyde (MDA). To screen for L. bicolor genes involved in the above physiological processes, high-throughput RNA sequencing was conducted. A gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that genes related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging, the auxin-dependent signaling pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were highly expressed under melatonin treatment. These data indicated that melatonin improved photosynthesis, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated MAPK-mediated antioxidant responses, triggering a downstream MAPK cascade that upregulated the expression of antioxidant-related genes. Thus, melatonin improves the salt tolerance of L. bicolor by increasing photosynthesis and improving cellular redox homeostasis under salt stress. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that melatonin can upregulate the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species scavenging and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of L. bicolor under salt stress, which can improve photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities. Thus melatonin can promote the growth of the species and maintain the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species to alleviate salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjing Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualing Xu
- DongYing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongying, Shandong, 257000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ning
- DongYing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dongying, Shandong, 257000, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoshan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, 250014, People's Republic of China.
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El-Taher AM, Abd El-Raouf HS, Osman NA, Azoz SN, Omar MA, Elkelish A, Abd El-Hady MAM. Effect of Salt Stress and Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid on Morphological, Biochemical, Anatomical, and Productivity Characteristics of Cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) Plants. Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:plants11010115. [PMID: 35009118 PMCID: PMC8747403 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the impact of salinity on vegetative growth, chemical constituents, and yields of cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata) and the possible benefits of salicylic acid (SA) on these plants after damage from salinity. To achieve these objectives, two pot experiments were carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Egypt, during the two growing seasons of 2019 and 2020. The results revealed that salinity significantly decreased, and SA treatment substantially increased the plant height, number of compound leaves, number of internodes per plant, fresh weights of leaves and stems, productivity, photosynthetic pigments content, and concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) of the cowpea plants compared with the control. The anatomical structure of stems and leaves of the plants were also investigated, and it was found that positive variations in the anatomical structure of the median portion of the main stems and blades of mature foliage leaves were detected in the stressed and SA-treated plants. In conclusion, SA treatment increased the salt stress tolerance of cowpea plants by improving the morphological and physiological attributes of the plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. El-Taher
- Department of Agriculture Botany, Agriculture Faculty, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; (A.M.E.-T.); (H.S.A.E.-R.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Hany S. Abd El-Raouf
- Department of Agriculture Botany, Agriculture Faculty, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; (A.M.E.-T.); (H.S.A.E.-R.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Biology, University College, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid A. Osman
- Department of Science and Technology, Ranya Collage, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samah N. Azoz
- Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Magdy A. Omar
- Department of Agriculture Botany, Agriculture Faculty, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; (A.M.E.-T.); (H.S.A.E.-R.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Amr Elkelish
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud A. M. Abd El-Hady
- Vegetables and Floriculture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt;
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Rahman MM, Mostofa MG, Keya SS, Siddiqui MN, Ansary MMU, Das AK, Rahman MA, Tran LSP. Adaptive Mechanisms of Halophytes and Their Potential in Improving Salinity Tolerance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910733. [PMID: 34639074 PMCID: PMC8509322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization, which is aggravated by climate change and inappropriate anthropogenic activities, has emerged as a serious environmental problem, threatening sustainable agriculture and future food security. Although there has been considerable progress in developing crop varieties by introducing salt tolerance-associated traits, most crop cultivars grown in saline soils still exhibit a decline in yield, necessitating the search for alternatives. Halophytes, with their intrinsic salt tolerance characteristics, are known to have great potential in rehabilitating salt-contaminated soils to support plant growth in saline soils by employing various strategies, including phytoremediation. In addition, the recent identification and characterization of salt tolerance-related genes encoding signaling components from halophytes, which are naturally grown under high salinity, have paved the way for the development of transgenic crops with improved salt tolerance. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive update on salinity-induced negative effects on soils and plants, including alterations of physicochemical properties in soils, and changes in physiological and biochemical processes and ion disparities in plants. We also review the physiological and biochemical adaptation strategies that help halophytes grow and survive in salinity-affected areas. Furthermore, we illustrate the halophyte-mediated phytoremediation process in salinity-affected areas, as well as their potential impacts on soil properties. Importantly, based on the recent findings on salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes, we also comprehensively discuss the potential of improving salt tolerance in crop plants by introducing candidate genes related to antiporters, ion transporters, antioxidants, and defense proteins from halophytes for conserving sustainable agriculture in salinity-prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (L.S.-P.T.); Tel.: +1-806-5007763 (M.G.M.); +1-806-8347829 (L.S.-P.T.)
| | - Sanjida Sultana Keya
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
| | - Md. Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mesbah Uddin Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh;
| | - Ashim Kumar Das
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Abiar Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh; (A.K.D.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Lam Son-Phan Tran
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Institute of Genomics for Crop Abiotic Stress Tolerance, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA; (M.M.R.); (S.S.K.)
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (M.G.M.); (L.S.-P.T.); Tel.: +1-806-5007763 (M.G.M.); +1-806-8347829 (L.S.-P.T.)
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Hu Q, Cui H, Ma C, Li Y, Yang C, Wang K, Sun Y. Lipidomic metabolism associated with acetic acid priming-induced salt tolerance in Carex rigescens. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 167:665-677. [PMID: 34488152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetic acid priming may mitigate salt stress to plants by modulating lipid metabolism. Carex rigescens is a stress-tolerant turfgrass species with a widespread distribution in north China. The objective of this study was to figure out whether modification of lipid profiles, including the contents, compositions and saturation levels of leaf lipids, may contribute to acetic acid modulated salt tolerance in C. rigescens. Plants of C. rigescens were primed with or without acetic acid (30 mM) and subsequently exposed to salt stress (300 mM NaCl) for 15 days. Salt stress affected the physiological performance of C. rigescens, while acetic acid-primed plants showed significantly lower malondialdehyde content, proline content, and electrolyte leakage than non-primed plants under salt stress. Acetic acid priming enhanced the contents of phospholipids and glycolipids involved in membrane stabilization and stress signaling (phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, digalactosyl diacylglycerol, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol), reduced the content of toxic lipid intermediates (free fatty acids) during subsequent exposure to salt stress. Furthermore, expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism such as CK and PLDα changed due to acetic acid priming. These results demonstrated that acetic acid priming could enhance salt tolerance of C. rigescens by regulating lipid metabolism. The lipids could be used as biomarkers to select for salt-tolerant grass germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiannan Hu
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Huiting Cui
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Chengze Ma
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Kehua Wang
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Turfgrass Science and Engineering, College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Xu X, Zhou Y, Mi P, Wang B, Yuan F. Salt-tolerance screening in Limonium sinuatum varieties with different flower colors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14562. [PMID: 34267291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93974-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Limonium sinuatum, a member of Plumbaginaceae commonly known as sea lavender, is widely used as dried flower. Five L. sinuatum varieties with different flower colors (White, Blue, Pink, Yellow, and Purple) are found in saline regions and are widely cultivated in gardens. In the current study, we evaluated the salt tolerance of these varieties under 250 mmol/L NaCl (salt-tolerance threshold) treatment to identify the optimal variety suitable for planting in saline lands. After the measurement of the fresh weight (FW), dry weight (DW), contents of Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), relative water content, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, and osmotic potential of whole plants, the salt-tolerance ability from strongest to weakest is identified as Pink, Yellow, Purple, White, and Blue. Photosynthetic rate was the most reliable and positive indicator of salt tolerance. The density of salt glands showed the greatest increase in Pink under NaCl treatment, indicating that Pink adapts to high-salt levels by enhancing salt gland formation. These results provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale planting of L. sinuatum in saline soils in the future.
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Fardus J, Hossain MS, Fujita M. Modulation of the Antioxidant Defense System by Exogenous l-Glutamic Acid Application Enhances Salt Tolerance in Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.). Biomolecules 2021; 11:587. [PMID: 33923634 DOI: 10.3390/biom11040587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt stress greatly disturbs the growth, morpho-physiological, and biochemical performance of plants. However, different physiological processes and acclimation mechanisms can be induced under stress, while some of them can be modulated by the appropriate chemical stimulus. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of exogenous pretreatment with 10 mM l-glutamic acid (l-Glu) on the physiological and biochemical parameters of lentil (Lensculinaris Medik.) under 110 mM NaCl stress. Salt stress inhibited the growth and reduced the photosynthetic pigment (chlorophylls and carotenoids) level, water content, and survival of lentil seedlings during recovery from the stress. Salt stress also induced oxidative damage, as indicated by higher hydrogen peroxide and malonaldehyde contents and electrolyte leakage, by interrupting the antioxidant defense system and promoting the accumulation of toxic levels of Na+. However, l-Glu pretreatment mitigated the salt-induced damage in lentil seedlings by reducing the accumulation of Na+, maintaining ion homeostasis, and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and ascorbate peroxidase). As a result, salt-induced oxidative damage was reduced, seedling growth and photosynthetic pigment contents were enhanced, and the survival rate of the lentil seedlings was improved in response to salt stress, indicating an ameliorative role for l-Glu in lentil seedling growth under salt stress.
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31
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Sako K, Nguyen HM, Seki M. Advances in Chemical Priming to Enhance Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 61:1995-2003. [PMID: 32966567 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress is considered a major factor limiting crop yield and quality. The development of effective strategies that mitigate abiotic stress is essential for sustainable agriculture and food security, especially with continuing global population growth. Recent studies have demonstrated that exogenous treatment of plants with chemical compounds can enhance abiotic stress tolerance by inducing molecular and physiological defense mechanisms, a process known as chemical priming. Chemical priming is believed to represent a promising strategy for mitigating abiotic stress in crop plants. Plants biosynthesize various compounds, such as phytohormones and other metabolites, to adapt to adverse environments. Research on artificially synthesized compounds has also resulted in the identification of novel compounds that improve abiotic stress tolerance. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of both naturally synthesized and artificial priming agents that have been shown to increase the abiotic stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Sako
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505 Japan
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Huong Mai Nguyen
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 641-12 Maioka-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 244-0813 Japan
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Uqab B, Nazir R, Ahmad Ganai B, Rahi P, Rehman S, Farooq S, Dar R, Parray JA, Fahad Al-Arjani Al-Arjani AB, Tabassum B, Fathi Abd Allah E. MALDI-TOF-MS and 16S rRNA characterization of lead tolerant metallophile bacteria isolated from saffron soils of Kashmir for their sequestration potential. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:2047-2053. [PMID: 32714029 PMCID: PMC7376117 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxic metal contamination in soils due industrialization is nowadays a concern to the scientists worldwide. The current study deals with the evaluation of response and tolerance by isolated metallophilic bacteria in different lead concentrations (100 ppm to 1000 ppm). By taking optical densities of the isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Pb2+ were determined.16S rRNA and MALDI-TOF MS were used for the identification of the bacteria. Total of 37 isolates were observed, among them 04 (Staphylococcus equorum, Staphylococcus warneri, Bacillus safensis and Bacillus thuringiensis), isolated were detected having efficacy of Pb2+tolerance and sequestration at varying MIC. Furthermore, B. thuringiensis was observed to have highest (900 ppm) tolerance for lead and lowest (500 ppm) for Staphylococcus warneri. Moreover, the highest (65.3%) sequestration potential has been observed for B. thuringiensis and least (52.8%) for S. warneri. The tolerance and sequestration potential properties of these isolated species can be utilised to exterminate heavy metals and reduce their toxicity from the contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baba Uqab
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Bashir Ahmad Ganai
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Praveen Rahi
- National Centre For Microbial Research (NCMR), Pune, India
| | - Sabeehah Rehman
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Saleem Farooq
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Rubiya Dar
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Javid A Parray
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006 Jammu & Kashmir, India.,Govt SAM Degree College Budgam, JK 191111, India
| | | | - Baby Tabassum
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Govt. Raza P.G. College Rampur, 244901 U.P., India
| | - Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box. 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mostofa MG, Rahman MM, Siddiqui MN, Fujita M, Tran LSP. Salicylic acid antagonizes selenium phytotoxicity in rice: selenium homeostasis, oxidative stress metabolism and methylglyoxal detoxification. J Hazard Mater 2020; 394:122572. [PMID: 32283381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the mechanistic consequences of selenium (Se)-toxicity, and its possible mitigation using salicylic acid (SA) in rice. In comparison with control, sodium selenate-exposed 'Se1' (0.5 mM) and 'Se2' (1.0 mM) plants showed accumulation of Se by 190.63 and 288.00 % in roots, 2359.42 and 2054.35 % in leaf sheaths, and 7869.91 and 9063.72 % in leaves, respectively, resulting in severe toxicity symptoms, such as growth inhibition, chlorosis, burning of leaves, and oxidative stress. In contrast, SA addition to Se-stressed plants significantly alleviated the Se-toxicity symptoms, and radically improved shoot height (28.88 %), dry biomass (34.00 %), total chlorophyll (37.51 %), soluble sugar (17.31 %) and leaf water contents (22.31 %) in 'SA + Se2' plants over 'Se2' plants. Notably, SA maintained Se-homeostasis, and decreased 'Se2'-induced oxidative stress by enhancing ascorbate level (67.75 %) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase (20.99 %), catalase (40.97 %), glutathione peroxidase (12.26 %), and glutathione reductase (32.58 %) relative to that in 'Se2' plants. Additionally, SA protected rice plants from the deleterious effects of methylglyoxal by stimulating the activities of glyoxalase enzymes. Furthermore, SA upregulated several genes associated with reactive oxygen species (e.g. OsCuZnSOD1, OsCATB, OsGPX1 and OsAPX2) and methylglyoxal (e.g. OsGLYI-1) detoxifications. These findings unravel a decisive role of SA in alleviating Se-phytotoxicity in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Golam Mostofa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mezanur Rahman
- Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nurealam Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Plant Stress Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Allen MM, Allen DJ. Biostimulant Potential of Acetic Acid Under Drought Stress Is Confounded by pH-Dependent Root Growth Inhibition. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:647. [PMID: 32523600 PMCID: PMC7261827 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports of acetic acid-induced drought tolerance and avoidance across a diverse range of plant species encourage consideration of this low-cost commodity organic acid as a biostimulant. These results are surprising as they contrast with earlier studies showing pH-dependent root growth inhibition at similar concentrations. We test the hypothesis that the concentration of the membrane permeable undissociated form of acetic acid (CH3COOH) selectively inhibits maize root growth, and subsequently evaluate its impact on seedling water use and growth under deficit irrigation. We demonstrate conclusively for the first time that when germinating maize on filter paper, low pH exacerbates, and high pH mitigates, this inhibition of root growth in a predictable manner based on the dissociation constant of acetic acid. The buffering capacity of potting media can reduce this root damage through keeping the acetic acid primarily in the membrane impermeable dissociated form (CH3COO-) at near neutral pH, but peat substrates appear to offer some protection, even at low pH. While both deficit irrigation and acetic acid reduced water use and growth of maize seedlings outdoors, there was no significant interaction between the treatments. Twenty nine millimolar total acetic acid (CH3COOH + CH3COO-) reduced transpiration, compared to lower and higher concentrations, but this did not specifically improve performance under reduced water availability, with parallel declines in shoot biomass leading to relatively consistent water use efficiency. Any acetic acid biostimulant claims under water stress should characterize its dissociation level, and exclude root damage as a primary cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M. Allen
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Damian J. Allen
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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35
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Zhang B, Jin X, Yin H, Zhang D, Zhou H, Zhang X, Tran LP. Natural Products, Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Biebersteinia (Biebersteiniaceae). Plants (Basel) 2020; 9:E595. [PMID: 32392890 DOI: 10.3390/plants9050595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been known as a rich source of natural products (NPs). Due to their diverse chemical structures and remarkable pharmacological activities, NPs are regarded as important repertoires for drug discovery and development. Biebersteinia plant species belong to the Biebersteiniaceae family, and have been used in folk medicines in China and Iran for ages. However, the chemical properties, bioactivities and modes of action of the NPs produced by medicinal Biebersteinia species are poorly understood despite the fact that there are only four known Biebersteinia species worldwide. Here, we reviewed the chemical classifications and diversity of the various NPs found in the four known Biebersteinia species. We found that the major chemical categories in these plants include flavonoids, alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids, essential oils and fatty acids. We also discussed the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antihypertensive and hypoglycemic effects of the four Biebersteinia species. We believe that the present review will facilitate the exploration of traditional uses and pharmacological properties of Biebersteinia species, extraction of the NPs and elucidation of their molecular mechanisms, as well as the development of novel drugs based on the reported properties and mode-of-action.
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Nguyen NC, Hoang XLT, Nguyen QT, Binh NX, Watanabe Y, Thao NP, Tran LSP. Ectopic Expression of Glycine maxGmNAC109 Enhances Drought Tolerance and ABA Sensitivity in Arabidopsis. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E714. [PMID: 31703428 PMCID: PMC6920929 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC2) transcription factors are widely known for their various functions in plant development and stress tolerance. Previous studies have demonstrated that genetic engineering can be applied to enhance drought tolerance via overexpression/ectopic expression of NAC genes. In the present study, the dehydration- and drought-inducible GmNAC109 from Glycine max was ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis (GmNAC109-EX) plants to study its biological functions in mediating plant adaptation to water deficit conditions. Results revealed an improved drought tolerance in the transgenic plants, which displayed greater recovery rates by 20% to 54% than did the wild-type plants. In support of this finding, GmNAC109-EX plants exhibited lower water loss rates and decreased endogenous hydrogen peroxide production in leaf tissues under drought, as well as higher sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment at germination and early seedling development stages. In addition, analyses of antioxidant enzymes indicated that GmNAC109-EX plants possessed stronger activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase under drought stress. These results together demonstrated that GmNAC109 acts as a positive transcriptional regulator in the ABA-signaling pathway, enabling plants to cope with adverse water deficit conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Cao Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International University—Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.C.N.); (X.L.T.H.); (Q.T.N.)
| | - Xuan Lan Thi Hoang
- School of Biotechnology, International University—Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.C.N.); (X.L.T.H.); (Q.T.N.)
| | - Quang Thien Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International University—Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.C.N.); (X.L.T.H.); (Q.T.N.)
| | - Ngo Xuan Binh
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Thai Nguyen 250000, Vietnam;
| | - Yasuko Watanabe
- Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
| | - Nguyen Phuong Thao
- School of Biotechnology, International University—Vietnam National University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam; (N.C.N.); (X.L.T.H.); (Q.T.N.)
| | - Lam-Son Phan Tran
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam; Stress Adaptation Research Unit, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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