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Filippelli A, Ciccone V, Del Gaudio C, Simonis V, Frosini M, Tusa I, Menconi A, Rovida E, Donnini S. ERK5 mediates pro-tumorigenic phenotype in non-small lung cancer cells induced by PGE2. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119810. [PMID: 39128596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constituting approximately 84 % of all lung cancer cases. The role of inflammation in the initiation and progression of NSCLC tumors has been the focus of extensive research. Among the various inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a pivotal role in promoting the aggressiveness of epithelial tumors through multiple mechanisms, including the stimulation of growth, evasion of apoptosis, invasion, and induction of angiogenesis. The Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase 5 (ERK5), the last discovered member among conventional mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), is implicated in cancer-associated inflammation. In this study, we explored whether ERK5 is involved in the process of tumorigenesis induced by PGE2. Using A549 and PC9 NSCLC cell lines, we found that PGE2 triggers the activation of ERK5 via the EP1 receptor. Moreover, both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of ERK5 reduced PGE2-induced proliferation, migration, invasion and stemness of A549 and PC9 cells, indicating that ERK5 plays a critical role in PGE2-induced tumorigenesis. In summary, our study underscores the pivotal role of the PGE2/EP1/ERK5 axis in driving the malignancy of NSCLC cells in vitro. Targeting this axis holds promise as a potential avenue for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at controlling the advancement of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valerio Ciccone
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cinzia Del Gaudio
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Vittoria Simonis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Frosini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ignazia Tusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Menconi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rovida
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
| | - Sandra Donnini
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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2
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Mondru AK, Wilkinson B, Aljasir MA, Alrumayh A, Greaves G, Emmett M, Albohairi S, Pritchard-Jones R, Cross MJ. The ERK5 pathway in BRAFV600E melanoma cells plays a role in development of acquired resistance to dabrafenib but not vemurafenib. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:2011-2027. [PMID: 38977937 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer with a poor prognosis, frequently features BRAFV600E mutation resulting in activation of the MAPK pathway and melanocyte proliferation and survival. BRAFV600E inhibitors like vemurafenib and dabrafenib have enhanced patient survival, yet drug resistance remains a significant challenge. We investigated the role of the ERK5 pathway in BRAFV600E melanoma cells and cells with acquired resistance to PLX4720 (vemurafenib) and dabrafenib. In BRAFV600E melanoma, ERK5 inhibition minimally affected viability compared to ERK1/2 inhibition. In vemurafenib-resistant cells, ERK5 inhibition alone didn't impact viability or restore drug sensitivity to vemurafenib. However, in dabrafenib-resistant cells, ERK5 inhibition reduced viability and enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of MEK1/2 inhibition. Targeting the ERK5 pathway may represent a therapeutic opportunity in dabrafenib-resistant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Mondru
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Beth Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Mohammad A Aljasir
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Ahmed Alrumayh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Georgia Greaves
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Maxine Emmett
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Saad Albohairi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Rowan Pritchard-Jones
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael J Cross
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, UK
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3
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Hakata T, Yamauchi I, Kosugi D, Sugawa T, Fujita H, Okamoto K, Ueda Y, Fujii T, Taura D, Inagaki N. High-throughput Screening for Cushing Disease: Therapeutic Potential of Thiostrepton via Cell Cycle Regulation. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae089. [PMID: 39058910 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cushing disease is a life-threatening disorder caused by autonomous secretion of ACTH from pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs). Few drugs are indicated for inoperative Cushing disease, in particular that due to aggressive PitNETs. To explore agents that regulate ACTH-secreting PitNETs, we conducted high-throughput screening (HTS) using AtT-20, a murine pituitary tumor cell line characterized by ACTH secretion. For the HTS, we constructed a live cell-based ACTH reporter assay for high-throughput evaluation of ACTH changes. This assay was based on HEK293T cells overexpressing components of the ACTH receptor and a fluorescent cAMP biosensor, with high-throughput acquisition of fluorescence images. We treated AtT-20 cells with compounds and assessed ACTH concentrations in the conditioned media using the reporter assay. Of 2480 screened bioactive compounds, over 50% inhibition of ACTH secreted from AtT-20 cells was seen with 84 compounds at 10 μM and 20 compounds at 1 μM. Among these hit compounds, we focused on thiostrepton (TS) and determined its antitumor effects in both in vitro and in vivo xenograft models of Cushing disease. Transcriptome and flow cytometry analyses revealed that TS administration induced AtT-20 cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was mediated by FOXM1-independent mechanisms including downregulation of cyclins. Simultaneous TS administration with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor that affected the cell cycle at the G0/1 phase showed cooperative antitumor effects. Thus, TS is a promising therapeutic agent for Cushing disease. Our list of hit compounds and new mechanistic insights into TS effects serve as a valuable foundation for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuro Hakata
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kosugi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taku Sugawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Haruka Fujita
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kentaro Okamoto
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yohei Ueda
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshihito Fujii
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Daisuke Taura
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Medical Research Institute, Kitano Hospital, PIIF Tazuke-kofukai, Kita-ku, Osaka 530-8480, Japan
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4
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Chen C, Li Y, Li Y, Chen Z, Shi P, Xie Y, Qian S. SNCA is a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 infection in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01996-9. [PMID: 39008196 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Cuprotosis related genes (CRGs) have been proved to be potential therapeutic targets for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cancer, but their immune and molecular mechanisms in COVID-19 infection in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBC/DLBCL) patients are rarely reported. Our research goal is first to screen the key CRGs in COVID-19 through univariate analysis, machine learning and clinical samples. Secondly, we determined the expression and prognostic role of key CRGs in DLBCL through pan-cancer analysis. We validated the expression levels and prognosis using multiple datasets and independent clinical samples and validated the functional role of key CRGs in DLBCL through cell experiments. Finally, we validated the expression levels of CRGs in COVID-19 infected DLBCL patients samples and analyzed their common pathways in COVID-19 and DLBCL. The results show that synuclein-alpha (SNCA) is the common key differential gene of COVID-19 and DLBCL. DLBCL cells confirm that high expression of SNCA can significantly promote cell apoptosis and significantly inhibit the cycle progression of DLBCL. High expression of SNCA can regulate the binding of major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) and T cell receptor (TCR) by regulating immune infiltration of Dendritic cells, effectively enhancing T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity and clearing cancer cells. In conclusion, SNCA may be a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 infection in DLBCL patients. Our study provides a theoretical basis for improving the clinical treatment of COVID-19 infection in DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Team of Neonatal & Infant Development, Health and Nutrition, NDHN. School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
- Kindstar Global Precision Medicine Institute, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaping Xie
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenxian Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Pereira F, Fernández-Barral A, Larriba MJ, Barbáchano A, González-Sancho JM. From molecular basis to clinical insights: a challenging future for the vitamin D endocrine system in colorectal cancer. FEBS J 2024; 291:2485-2518. [PMID: 37699548 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most life-threatening neoplasias in terms of incidence and mortality worldwide. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with an increased risk of CRC. 1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], the most active vitamin D metabolite, is a pleiotropic hormone that, through its binding to a transcription factor of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 acts on colon carcinoma and stromal cells and displays tumor protective actions. Here, we review the variety of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 in CRC, which affect multiple processes that are dysregulated during tumor initiation and progression. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiological data that associate vitamin D deficiency and CRC, and the most relevant randomized controlled trials of vitamin D3 supplementation conducted in both healthy individuals and CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Pereira
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Oncología Radioterápica, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
| | - José Manuel González-Sancho
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz-IdiPAZ (Hospital Universitario La Paz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid), Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
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6
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Zoroddu S, Sanna L, Bordoni V, Weidong L, Gadau SD, Carta A, Kelvin DJ, Bagella L. Identification of 3-Aryl-1-benzotriazole-1-yl-acrylonitrile as a Microtubule-Targeting Agent (MTA) in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5704. [PMID: 38891892 PMCID: PMC11172098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, a compound derived from recent scientific advances named 34 has emerged as the focus of this research, the aim of which is to explore its potential impact on solid tumor cell lines. Using a combination of bioinformatics and biological assays, this study conducted an in-depth investigation of the effects of 34. The results of this study have substantial implications for cancer research and treatment. 34 has shown remarkable efficacy in inhibiting the growth of several cancer cell lines, including those representing prostate carcinoma (PC3) and cervical carcinoma (HeLa). The high sensitivity of these cells, indicated by low IC50 values, underscores its potential as a promising chemotherapeutic agent. In addition, 34 has revealed the ability to induce cell cycle arrest, particularly in the G2/M phase, a phenomenon with critical implications for tumor initiation and growth. By interfering with DNA replication in cancer cells, 34 has shown the capacity to trigger cell death, offering a new avenue for cancer treatment. In addition, computational analyses have identified key genes affected by 34 treatment, suggesting potential therapeutic targets. These genes are involved in critical biological processes, including cell cycle regulation, DNA replication and microtubule dynamics, all of which are central to cancer development and progression. In conclusion, this study highlights the different mechanisms of 34 that inhibit cancer cell growth and alter the cell cycle. These promising results suggest the potential for more effective and less toxic anticancer therapies. Further in vivo validation and exploration of combination therapies are critical to improve cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Zoroddu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.Z.); (L.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Luca Sanna
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.Z.); (L.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Valentina Bordoni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.Z.); (L.S.); (V.B.)
| | - Lyu Weidong
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China; (L.W.); (D.J.K.)
| | | | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - David J. Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515031, China; (L.W.); (D.J.K.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Luigi Bagella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (S.Z.); (L.S.); (V.B.)
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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7
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Chan KI, Zhang S, Li G, Xu Y, Cui L, Wang Y, Su H, Tan W, Zhong Z. MYC Oncogene: A Druggable Target for Treating Cancers with Natural Products. Aging Dis 2024; 15:640-697. [PMID: 37450923 PMCID: PMC10917530 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Various diseases, including cancers, age-associated disorders, and acute liver failure, have been linked to the oncogene, MYC. Animal testing and clinical trials have shown that sustained tumor volume reduction can be achieved when MYC is inactivated, and different combinations of therapeutic agents including MYC inhibitors are currently being developed. In this review, we first provide a summary of the multiple biological functions of the MYC oncoprotein in cancer treatment, highlighting that the equilibrium points of the MYC/MAX, MIZ1/MYC/MAX, and MAD (MNT)/MAX complexes have further potential in cancer treatment that could be used to restrain MYC oncogene expression and its functions in tumorigenesis. We also discuss the multifunctional capacity of MYC in various cellular cancer processes, including its influences on immune response, metabolism, cell cycle, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, metastasis, angiogenesis, multidrug resistance, and intestinal flora. Moreover, we summarize the MYC therapy patent landscape and emphasize the potential of MYC as a druggable target, using herbal medicine modulators. Finally, we describe pending challenges and future perspectives in biomedical research, involving the development of therapeutic approaches to modulate MYC or its targeted genes. Patients with cancers driven by MYC signaling may benefit from therapies targeting these pathways, which could delay cancerous growth and recover antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Iong Chan
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Guodong Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Yida Xu
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524000, China
| | - Yitao Wang
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Huanxing Su
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
| | - Wen Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR 999078, China
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8
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Ascanelli C, Dahir R, Wilson CH. Manipulating Myc for reparative regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357589. [PMID: 38577503 PMCID: PMC10991803 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Myc family of proto-oncogenes is a key node for the signal transduction of external pro-proliferative signals to the cellular processes required for development, tissue homoeostasis maintenance, and regeneration across evolution. The tight regulation of Myc synthesis and activity is essential for restricting its oncogenic potential. In this review, we highlight the central role that Myc plays in regeneration across the animal kingdom (from Cnidaria to echinoderms to Chordata) and how Myc could be employed to unlock the regenerative potential of non-regenerative tissues in humans for therapeutic purposes. Mastering the fine balance of harnessing the ability of Myc to promote transcription without triggering oncogenesis may open the door to many exciting opportunities for therapeutic development across a wide array of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine H. Wilson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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9
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Sun R, Shao X, Akter F, Zahid KR, Yao S, Ma L, Xu G. PRIM2: A Marker of MYC-driven Hyper-proliferation, Disease Progression, Tumor Aggressiveness and Poor Survival in Glioma Patients. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2024; 21:186-202. [PMID: 38423596 PMCID: PMC10905270 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gliomas are the most prevalent brain tumors with metabolic alterations playing a pivotal role in disease progression. However, the precise coordination of metabolic alterations with tumor-promoting cellular mechanisms, leading to tumor initiation, progression, and aggressiveness, resulting in poor outcomes, remains poorly understood in gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a metabolism-targeted differential gene expression analysis using glioma patients' expression profiling data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), transcription factor prediction, network construction, and correlation analyses were performed. Survival analyses were performed in R. All results were validated using independent GEO expression datasets. RESULTS Metabolism-targeted analysis identified 5 hits involved in diverse metabolic processes linking them to disease aggressiveness in gliomas. Subsequently, we established that cell cycle progression and hyper-proliferation are key drivers of tumor progression and aggressiveness in gliomas. One of the identified metabolic hits, DNA primase 2 (PRIM2), a gene involved in DNA replication was found directly associated with cell cycle progression in gliomas. Furthermore, our analysis indicated that PRIM2, along with other cell cycle-related genes, is under the control of and regulated by the oncogenic MYC transcription factor in gliomas. In addition, PRIM2 expression alone is enough to predict MYC-driven cell cycle progression and is associated with tumor progression, aggressive disease state, and poor survival in glioma patients. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight PRIM2 as a marker of MYC-driven cell cycle progression and hyper-proliferation, disease onset and progression, tumor aggressiveness, and poor survival in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Farhana Akter
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, U.S.A
| | - Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, U.S.A
| | - Shun Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lianting Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Guozheng Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China;
- Department of Neurosurgery, The General Hospital of Chinese PLA Central Theater Command, Wuhan, P.R. China
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10
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Solta A, Ernhofer B, Boettiger K, Megyesfalvi Z, Heeke S, Hoda MA, Lang C, Aigner C, Hirsch FR, Schelch K, Döme B. Small cells - big issues: biological implications and preclinical advancements in small cell lung cancer. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:41. [PMID: 38395864 PMCID: PMC10893629 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Current treatment guidelines refer to small cell lung cancer (SCLC), one of the deadliest human malignancies, as a homogeneous disease. Accordingly, SCLC therapy comprises chemoradiation with or without immunotherapy. Meanwhile, recent studies have made significant advances in subclassifying SCLC based on the elevated expression of the transcription factors ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3, as well as on certain inflammatory characteristics. The role of the transcription regulator YAP1 in defining a unique SCLC subset remains to be established. Although preclinical analyses have described numerous subtype-specific characteristics and vulnerabilities, the so far non-existing clinical subtype distinction may be a contributor to negative clinical trial outcomes. This comprehensive review aims to provide a framework for the development of novel personalized therapeutic approaches by compiling the most recent discoveries achieved by preclinical SCLC research. We highlight the challenges faced due to limited access to patient material as well as the advances accomplished by implementing state-of-the-art models and methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solta
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Büsra Ernhofer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kristiina Boettiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Simon Heeke
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Lang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Aigner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Mount Sinai Health System, Tisch Cancer Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Karin Schelch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Döme
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Semmelweis University and National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Venkatraman S, Balasubramanian B, Thuwajit C, Meller J, Tohtong R, Chutipongtanate S. Targeting MYC at the intersection between cancer metabolism and oncoimmunology. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324045. [PMID: 38390324 PMCID: PMC10881682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
MYC activation is a known hallmark of cancer as it governs the gene targets involved in various facets of cancer progression. Of interest, MYC governs oncometabolism through the interactions with its partners and cofactors, as well as cancer immunity via its gene targets. Recent investigations have taken interest in characterizing these interactions through multi-Omic approaches, to better understand the vastness of the MYC network. Of the several gene targets of MYC involved in either oncometabolism or oncoimmunology, few of them overlap in function. Prominent interactions have been observed with MYC and HIF-1α, in promoting glucose and glutamine metabolism and activation of antigen presentation on regulatory T cells, and its subsequent metabolic reprogramming. This review explores existing knowledge of the role of MYC in oncometabolism and oncoimmunology. It also unravels how MYC governs transcription and influences cellular metabolism to facilitate the induction of pro- or anti-tumoral immunity. Moreover, considering the significant roles MYC holds in cancer development, the present study discusses effective direct or indirect therapeutic strategies to combat MYC-driven cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simran Venkatraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Brinda Balasubramanian
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, Biodiscovery Institute, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chanitra Thuwajit
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jaroslaw Meller
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Rutaiwan Tohtong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchai Chutipongtanate
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
- Milk, microbiome, Immunity and Lactation research for Child Health (MILCH) and Novel Therapeutics Lab, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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12
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Zornić S, Simović Marković B, Franich AA, Janjić GV, Jadranin MB, Avdalović J, Rajković S, Živković MD, Arsenijević NN, Radosavljević GD, Pantić J. Characterization, modes of interactions with DNA/BSA biomolecules and anti-tumor activity of newly synthesized dinuclear platinum(II) complexes with pyridazine bridging ligand. J Biol Inorg Chem 2024; 29:51-73. [PMID: 38099936 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-023-02030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs are widely recognized efficient anti-tumor agents, but faced with multiple undesirable effects. Here, four dinuclear platinum(II) complexes, [{Pt(1,2-pn)Cl}2(μ-pydz)]Cl2 (C1), [{Pt(ibn)Cl}2(μ-pydz)]Cl2 (C2), [{Pt(1,3-pn)Cl}2(μ-pydz)]Cl2 (C3) and [{Pt(1,3-pnd)Cl}2(μ-pydz)]Cl2 (C4), were designed (pydz is pyridazine, 1,2-pn is ( ±)-1,2-propylenediamine, ibn is 1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane, 1,3-pn is 1,3-propylenediamine, and 1,3-pnd is 1,3-pentanediamine). Interactions and binding ability of C1-C4 complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been monitored by viscosity measurements, UV-Vis, fluorescence emission spectroscopy and molecular docking. Binding affinities of C1-C4 complexes to the bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been monitored by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. The tested complexes exhibit variable cytotoxicity toward different mouse and human tumor cell lines. C2 shows the most potent cytotoxicity, especially against mouse (4T1) and human (MDA-MD468) breast cancer cells in the dose- and time-dependent manner. C2 induces 4T1 and MDA-MD468 cells apoptosis, further documented by the accumulation of cells at sub-G1 phase of cell cycle and increase of executive caspase 3 and caspase 9 levels in 4T1 cells. C2 exhibits anti-proliferative effect through the reduction of cyclin D3 and cyclin E expression and elevation of inhibitor p27 level. Also, C2 downregulates c-Myc and phosphorylated AKT, oncogenes involved in the control of tumor cell proliferation and death. In order to measure the amount of platinum(II) complexes taken up by the cells, the cellular platinum content were quantified. However, C2 failed to inhibit mouse breast cancer growth in vivo. Chemical modifications of tested platinum(II) complexes might be a valuable approach for the improvement of their anti-tumor activity, especially effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Zornić
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
- Department of Microbiology, University Clinical Center Kragujevac, Zmaj Jovina 30, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Bojana Simović Marković
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Andjela A Franich
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Goran V Janjić
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milka B Jadranin
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Avdalović
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Njegoševa 12, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Snežana Rajković
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Marija D Živković
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Nebojša N Arsenijević
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Gordana D Radosavljević
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Pantić
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Svetozara Markovića 69, 34000, Kragujevac, Serbia.
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13
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Dasgupta D, Mahadev Bhat S, Creighton C, Cortes C, Delmotte P, Sieck GC. Molecular mechanisms underlying TNFα-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L190-L205. [PMID: 38084427 PMCID: PMC11280718 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00198.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), a proinflammatory cytokine, plays a significant role in mediating the effects of acute inflammation in response to allergens, pollutants, and respiratory infections. Previously, we showed that acute exposure to TNFα induces mitochondrial fragmentation in human airway smooth muscle (hASM) cells, which is associated with increased expression of dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1). Phosphorylation of DRP1 at serine 616 (pDRP1S616) promotes its translocation and binding to the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and mediates mitochondrial fragmentation. Previously, we reported that TNFα exposure triggers protein unfolding and triggers an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response involving phosphorylation of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (pIRE1α) at serine 724 (pIRE1αS724) and subsequent splicing of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) in hASM cells. We hypothesize that TNFα-mediated activation of the pIRE1αS724/XBP1s ER stress pathway in hASM cells transcriptionally activates genes that encode kinases responsible for pDRP1S616 phosphorylation. Using 3-D confocal imaging of MitoTracker green-labeled mitochondria, we found that TNFα treatment for 6 h induces mitochondrial fragmentation in hASM cells. We also confirmed that 6 h TNFα treatment activates the pIRE1α/XBP1s ER stress pathway. Using in silico analysis and ChIP assay, we showed that CDK1 and CDK5, kinases involved in the phosphorylation of pDRP1S616, are transcriptionally targeted by XBP1s. TNFα treatment increased the binding affinity of XBP1s on the promoter regions of CDK1 and CDK5, and this was associated with an increase in pDRP1S616 and mitochondria fragmentation. This study reveals a new underlying molecular mechanism for TNFα-induced mitochondrial fragmentation in hASM cells.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Airway inflammation is increasing worldwide. Proinflammatory cytokines mediate an adaptive mechanism to overcome inflammation-induced cellular stress. Previously, we reported that TNFα mediates hASM cellular responses, leading to increased force and ATP consumption associated with increased O2 consumption, and oxidative stress. This study indicates that TNFα induces ER stress, which induces mitochondrial fragmentation via pIRE1αS724/XBP1s mediated CDK1/5 upregulation and pDRP1S616 phosphorylation. Mitochondrial fragmentation may promote hASM mitochondrial biogenesis to maintain healthy mitochondrial pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjali Dasgupta
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Sanjana Mahadev Bhat
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Claire Creighton
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Catherin Cortes
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Philippe Delmotte
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
| | - Gary C Sieck
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States
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14
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Li L, Zhang D, Cao X. EBF1, PAX5, and MYC: regulation on B cell development and association with hematologic neoplasms. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1320689. [PMID: 38318177 PMCID: PMC10839018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1320689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
During lymphocyte development, a diverse repertoire of lymphocyte antigen receptors is produced to battle against pathogens, which is the basis of adaptive immunity. The diversity of the lymphocyte antigen receptors arises primarily from recombination-activated gene (RAG) protein-mediated V(D)J rearrangement in early lymphocytes. Furthermore, transcription factors (TFs), such as early B cell factor 1 (EBF1), paired box gene 5 (PAX5), and proto-oncogene myelocytomatosis oncogene (MYC), play critical roles in regulating recombination and maintaining normal B cell development. Therefore, the aberrant expression of these TFs may lead to hematologic neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Daiquan Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinmei Cao
- Immune Mechanism and Therapy of Major Diseases of Luzhou Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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15
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Yavuz BR, Arici MK, Demirel HC, Tsai CJ, Jang H, Nussinov R, Tuncbag N. Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer networks share pathways, but differ in mechanisms, signaling strength, and outcome. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:37. [PMID: 37925498 PMCID: PMC10625621 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are more prone to develop certain types of cancer. Notably, however, the case statistics can be impacted by late discovery of cancer in individuals afflicted with NDDs, such as intellectual disorders, autism, and schizophrenia, which may bias the numbers. As to NDD-associated mutations, in most cases, they are germline while cancer mutations are sporadic, emerging during life. However, somatic mosaicism can spur NDDs, and cancer-related mutations can be germline. NDDs and cancer share proteins, pathways, and mutations. Here we ask (i) exactly which features they share, and (ii) how, despite their commonalities, they differ in clinical outcomes. To tackle these questions, we employed a statistical framework followed by network analysis. Our thorough exploration of the mutations, reconstructed disease-specific networks, pathways, and transcriptome levels and profiles of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cancers, point to signaling strength as the key factor: strong signaling promotes cell proliferation in cancer, and weaker (moderate) signaling impacts differentiation in ASD. Thus, we suggest that signaling strength, not activating mutations, can decide clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Ruken Yavuz
- Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - M Kaan Arici
- Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Habibe Cansu Demirel
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
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16
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Molina E, García-Gutiérrez L, Junco V, Perez-Olivares M, de Yébenes VG, Blanco R, Quevedo L, Acosta JC, Marín AV, Ulgiati D, Merino R, Delgado MD, Varela I, Regueiro JR, Moreno de Alborán I, Ramiro AR, León J. MYC directly transactivates CR2/CD21, the receptor of the Epstein-Barr virus, enhancing the viral infection of Burkitt lymphoma cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:3358-3370. [PMID: 37773203 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02846-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor dysregulated in about half of total human tumors. While transcriptomic studies reveal more than 1000 genes regulated by MYC, a much smaller fraction of genes is directly transactivated by MYC. Virtually all Burkitt lymphoma (BL) carry chromosomal translocations involving MYC oncogene. Most endemic BL and a fraction of sporadic BL are associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The currently accepted mechanism is that EBV is the BL-causing agent inducing MYC translocation. Herein we show that the EBV receptor, CR2 (also called CD21), is a direct MYC target gene. This is based on several pieces of evidence: MYC induces CR2 expression in both proliferating and arrested cells and in the absence of protein synthesis, binds the CR2 promoter and transactivates CR2 in an E-box-dependent manner. Moreover, using mice with conditional MYC ablation we show that MYC induces CR2 in primary B cells. Importantly, modulation of MYC levels directly correlates with EBV's ability of infection in BL cells. Altogether, in contrast to the widely accepted hypothesis for the correlation between EBV and BL, we propose an alternative hypothesis in which MYC dysregulation could be the first event leading to the subsequent EBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Molina
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
| | - Lucía García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Vanessa Junco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Mercedes Perez-Olivares
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB)-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginia G de Yébenes
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-CNIC Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Blanco
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Laura Quevedo
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Juan C Acosta
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana V Marín
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniela Ulgiati
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ramon Merino
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M Dolores Delgado
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ignacio Varela
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - José R Regueiro
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and ENT, Universidad Complutense, School of Medicine and 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Almudena R Ramiro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares-CNIC Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Universidad de Cantabria-CSIC, Santander, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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17
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Rowland RJ, Heath R, Maskell D, Thompson RF, Ranson NA, Blaza JN, Endicott JA, Noble MEM, Salamina M. Cryo-EM structure of SKP1-SKP2-CKS1 in complex with CDK2-cyclin A-p27KIP1. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10718. [PMID: 37400515 PMCID: PMC10318019 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37609-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
p27KIP1 (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B, p27) is a member of the CIP/KIP family of CDK (cyclin dependent kinase) regulators that inhibit cell cycle CDKs. p27 phosphorylation by CDK1/2, signals its recruitment to the SCFSKP2 (S-phase kinase associated protein 1 (SKP1)-cullin-SKP2) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for proteasomal degradation. The nature of p27 binding to SKP2 and CKS1 was revealed by the SKP1-SKP2-CKS1-p27 phosphopeptide crystal structure. Subsequently, a model for the hexameric CDK2-cyclin A-CKS1-p27-SKP1-SKP2 complex was proposed by overlaying an independently determined CDK2-cyclin A-p27 structure. Here we describe the experimentally determined structure of the isolated CDK2-cyclin A-CKS1-p27-SKP1-SKP2 complex at 3.4 Å global resolution using cryogenic electron microscopy. This structure supports previous analysis in which p27 was found to be structurally dynamic, transitioning from disordered to nascent secondary structure on target binding. We employed 3D variability analysis to further explore the conformational space of the hexameric complex and uncovered a previously unidentified hinge motion centred on CKS1. This flexibility gives rise to open and closed conformations of the hexameric complex that we propose may contribute to p27 regulation by facilitating recognition with SCFSKP2. This 3D variability analysis further informed particle subtraction and local refinement approaches to enhance the local resolution of the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna J Rowland
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Richard Heath
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Daniel Maskell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rebecca F Thompson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Life Sciences Electron Microscopy, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Leeds, UK
| | - Neil A Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James N Blaza
- Department of Chemistry, York Structural Biology Laboratory and York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Jane A Endicott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Martin E M Noble
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Marco Salamina
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Newcastle University, Paul O'Gorman Building, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
- Evotec (UK) Ltd., Milton, Abingdon, OX14 4RZ, UK.
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18
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Pal S, Biswas D. Promoter-proximal regulation of gene transcription: Key factors involved and emerging role of general transcription factors in assisting productive elongation. Gene 2023:147571. [PMID: 37331491 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The pausing of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) at the promoter-proximal sites is a key rate-limiting step in gene expression. Cells have dedicated a specific set of proteins that sequentially establish pause and then release the Pol II from promoter-proximal sites. A well-controlled pausing and subsequent release of Pol II is crucial for thefine tuning of expression of genes including signal-responsive and developmentally-regulated ones. The release of paused Pol II broadly involves its transition from initiation to elongation. In this review article, we will discuss the phenomenon of Pol II pausing, the underlying mechanism, and also the role of different known factors, with an emphasis on general transcription factors, involved in this overall regulation. We will further discuss some recent findings suggesting a possible role (underexplored) of initiation factors in assisting the transition of transcriptionally-engaged paused Pol II into productive elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujay Pal
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 32, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Debabrata Biswas
- Laboratory of Transcription Biology, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata - 32, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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19
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Abu-Lubad MA, Al-Zereini W, Al-Zeer MA. Deregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 as a putative candidate for transformation in Chlamydia trachomatis infected mesenchymal stem cells. AIMS Microbiol 2023; 9:131-150. [PMID: 36891539 PMCID: PMC9988407 DOI: 10.3934/microbiol.2023009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Several pathological conditions might cause the degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (CKI) p27 and cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, including cancers and infections. Chlamydia trachomatis (Ctr), as an obligatory intracellular pathogen, has been found to alter the fate of the cell from different aspects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Ctr infection on the expression of the important cell cycle regularity protein p27 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Methods Isolation of MSCs from healthy human fallopian tube was confirmed by detection of the stemness markers Sox2, Nanog and Oct4 and the surface markers CD44, CD73 and CD90 by Western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. The expression of p27 was downregulated at the protein level upon Ctr D infection measured by Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), IF and Western blotting. Recovery of p27 in Ctr D-infected MSCs was achieved by treatment with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO). Ctr D infected MSCs were able to produce colonies in anchorage-independent soft agar assay. Conclusion Ctr D infection was able to downregulate the expression of the important cell cycle regulator protein p27, which will be considered a putative candidate for transformation in Ctr D infected MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Abu-Lubad
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Wael Al-Zereini
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Munir A Al-Zeer
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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20
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Efovi D, Xiao Q. Noncoding RNAs in Vascular Cell Biology and Restenosis. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:24. [PMID: 36671717 PMCID: PMC9855655 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In-stent restenosis (ISR), characterised by ≥50% re-narrowing of the target vessel, is a common complication following stent implantation and remains a significant challenge to the long-term success of angioplasty procedures. Considering the global burden of cardiovascular diseases, improving angioplasty patient outcomes remains a key priority. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) including microRNA (miRNA), long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) have been extensively implicated in vascular cell biology and ISR through multiple, both distinct and overlapping, mechanisms. Vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages constitute the main cell types involved in the multifactorial pathophysiology of ISR. The identification of critical regulators exemplified by ncRNAs in all these cell types and processes makes them an exciting therapeutic target in the field of restenosis. In this review, we will comprehensively explore the potential functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of ncRNAs in vascular cell biology in the context of restenosis, with an in-depth focus on vascular cell dysfunction during restenosis development and progression. We will also discuss the diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target potential of ncRNAs in ISR. Finally, we will discuss the current shortcomings, challenges, and perspectives toward the clinical application of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Efovi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qingzhong Xiao
- William Harvey Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
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21
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Vaccaro S, Rossetti A, Porrazzo A, Camero S, Cassandri M, Pomella S, Tomaciello M, Macioce G, Pedini F, Barillari G, Marchese C, Rota R, Cenci G, Tombolini M, Newman RA, Yang P, Codenotti S, Fanzani A, Megiorni F, Festuccia C, Minniti G, Gravina GL, Vulcano F, Milazzo L, Marampon F. The botanical drug PBI-05204, a supercritical CO2 extract of Nerium oleander, sensitizes alveolar and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma to radiotherapy in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1071176. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1071176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common a soft tissue sarcoma in childhood, provides intensive multimodal therapy, with radiotherapy (RT) playing a critical role for local tumor control. However, since RMS efficiently activates mechanisms of resistance to therapies, despite improvements, the prognosis remains still largely unsatisfactory, mainly in RMS expressing chimeric oncoproteins PAX3/PAX7-FOXO1, and fusion-positive (FP)-RMS. Cardiac glycosides (CGs), plant-derived steroid-like compounds with a selective inhibitory activity of the Na+/K+-ATPase pump (NKA), have shown antitumor and radio-sensitizing properties. Herein, the therapeutic properties of PBI-05204, an extract from Nerium oleander containing the CG oleandrin already studied in phase I and II clinical trials for cancer patients, were investigated, in vitro and in vivo, against FN- and FP-RMS cancer models. PBI-05204 induced growth arrest in a concentration dependent manner, with FP-RMS being more sensitive than FN-RMS, by differently regulating cell cycle regulators and commonly upregulating cell cycle inhibitors p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Cip1/Kip1. Furthermore, PBI-05204 concomitantly induced cell death on both RMS types and senescence in FN-RMS. Notably, PBI-05204 counteracted in vitro migration and invasion abilities and suppressed the formation of spheroids enriched in CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs). PBI-05204 sensitized both cell types to RT by improving the ability of RT to induce G2 growth arrest and counteracting the RT-induced activation of both Non‐Homologous End‐Joining and homologous recombination DSBs repair pathways. Finally, the antitumor and radio-sensitizing proprieties of PBI-05204 were confirmed in vivo. Notably, both in vitro and in vivo evidence confirmed the higher sensitivity to PBI-05204 of FP-RMS. Thus, PBI-05204 represents a valid radio-sensitizing agent for the treatment of RMS, including the intrinsically radio-resistant FP-RMS.
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22
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Wen Y, Li Y, Yang B, Guo X, Lin L, Liang J, Zhang K, Li X, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Li Y, Wu X, Fan X, Li F, Yuan W. Pygo1 Regulates the Behavior of Human Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer via the Wnt/ β-Catenin Pathway. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6993994. [PMID: 36398031 PMCID: PMC9666017 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6993994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal activation of the classical Wnt pathway has been reported in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) previously. Pygo family genes, the core regulators of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, were also reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. However, the role of the homolog Pygo1 in human lung cancer remains unclear. In the current study, we demonstrated an association of increased Pygo1 expression with consistent high nuclear β-catenin signals across pathological tissue samples of early-stage human NSCLC. Overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells resulted in enhanced G1/S cell phase transformation, reduced apoptosis, and increased cell proliferation. These changes were accompanied by the downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as RB, p16, p53, and p27Kip1, and increased expression of CyclinE1. Migration, wound healing, and colony formation assays revealed that Pygo1 overexpression enhanced the invasion and migration of lung cancer cells, increased the formation of clones, and suppressed E-cadherin expression. In addition, overexpression of Pygo1 in lung cancer cells led to an increase of β-catenin/TCF4 complex, as well as upregulated expression of target genes of β-catenin. In vivo experiments also revealed that Pygo1 overexpression promoted the tumorigenicity of a xenograft tumor model, while Wnt inhibition partially blocked the effect of Pygo1 overexpression. In conclusion, Pygo1 affects human NSCLC via the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which provides new clues for lung cancer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Boyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiangrong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Li Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Jifeng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China
| | - Xu Li
- The Second Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yuequn Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiushan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Targeted Prevention and Treatment of Heart Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Xiongwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, The Center for Heart Development, The College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
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Donati G, Amati B. MYC and therapy resistance in cancer: risks and opportunities. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3828-3854. [PMID: 36214609 PMCID: PMC9627787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The MYC transcription factor, encoded by the c-MYC proto-oncogene, is activated by growth-promoting signals, and is a key regulator of biosynthetic and metabolic pathways driving cell growth and proliferation. These same processes are deregulated in MYC-driven tumors, where they become critical for cancer cell proliferation and survival. As other oncogenic insults, overexpressed MYC induces a series of cellular stresses (metabolic, oxidative, replicative, etc.) collectively known as oncogenic stress, which impact not only on tumor progression, but also on the response to therapy, with profound, multifaceted consequences on clinical outcome. On one hand, recent evidence uncovered a widespread role for MYC in therapy resistance in multiple cancer types, with either standard chemotherapeutic or targeted regimens. Reciprocally, oncogenic MYC imparts a series of molecular and metabolic dependencies to cells, thus giving rise to cancer-specific vulnerabilities that may be exploited to obtain synthetic-lethal interactions with novel anticancer drugs. Here we will review the current knowledge on the links between MYC and therapeutic responses, and will discuss possible strategies to overcome resistance through new, targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Donati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Bruno Amati
- European Institute of Oncology (IEO) – IRCCSMilanItaly
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24
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Mandal D, Patel P, Verma SK, Sahu BR, Parija T. Proximal discrepancy in intrinsic atomic interaction arrests G2/M phase by inhibiting Cyclin B1/CDK1 to infer molecular and cellular biocompatibility of D-limonene. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18184. [PMID: 36307489 PMCID: PMC9616896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The quest for different natural compounds for different biomedical applications especially in the treatment of cancer is at a high pace with increasing incidence of severity. D-limonene has been portrayed as one of the effective potential candidate centered to the context of breast cancer. The anticipation of its count as an effective biomedical agent required a detailed understanding of their molecular mechanism of biocompatibility. This study elucidates the mechanistic action of D-limonene channelized by the induction of apoptosis for controlling proliferation in breast cancer cells. The possible mechanism was explored through an experimental and computational approach to estimate cell proliferation inhibition, cell cycle phase distribution, apoptosis analysis using a flow cytometry, western blotting and molecular docking. The results showed reduced dose and time-dependent viability of MCF7 cells. The study suggested the arrest of the cell cycle at G2/M phase leading to apoptosis and other discrepancies of molecular activity mediated via significant alteration in protein expression pattern of anti-apoptotic proteins like Cyclin B1 and CDK1. Computational analysis showed firm interaction of D-limonene with Cyclin B1 and CDK1 proteins influencing their structural and functional integrity indicating the mediation of mechanism. This study concluded that D-limonene suppresses the proliferation of breast cancer cells by inducing G2/M phase arrest via deregulation of Cyclin B1/CDK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Mandal
- grid.412122.60000 0004 1808 2016School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - Paritosh Patel
- grid.412122.60000 0004 1808 2016School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - Suresh K. Verma
- grid.412122.60000 0004 1808 2016School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - Bikash Ranjan Sahu
- grid.412122.60000 0004 1808 2016School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - Tithi Parija
- grid.412122.60000 0004 1808 2016School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
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25
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Liu X, Wu H, Liu Z. An Integrative Human Pan-Cancer Analysis of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1). Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112658. [PMID: 35681641 PMCID: PMC9179585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), one of the key regulators of the G2/M checkpoint, is expressed in many cells and plays an important role in cell cycle control. However, CDK1 expression is substantially increased in many tumors of diverse origins and is associated with tumorigenesis. Targeting CDK1 shows promising results for several tumors. However, a systematic and integrative analysis of CDK1 in cancer has not been conducted. The present study aims to use pan-cancer analysis to investigate the relationship, similarities, and differences in genetic and cellular changes associated with CDK1 in various tumors and tumor microenvironments. Our findings elucidate that CDK1 expression increases in more than 20 human tumors and is highly correlated with oncogenic signature gene sets, biological pathways, immune cell infiltration, tumor mutational burden, microsatellite instability, and lower survival rate across multiple tumors. Targeting CDK1 may provide a novel and effective strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Abstract Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is essential for cell division by regulating the G2/M phase and mitosis. CDK1 overexpression can also promote the development and progression of a variety of cancers. However, the significance of CDK1 in the formation, progression, and prognosis of human pan-cancer remains unclear. In the present study, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas database, Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium, Human Protein Atlas, Genotype-Tissue Expression, and other well-established databases to comprehensively examine CDK1 genetic alterations and gene/protein expression in various cancers and their relationships with the prognosis, immune reactivities, and clinical outcomes for 33 tumor types. Gene set enrichment analysis was also conducted to examine the potential mechanisms of CDK1 in tumorigenesis. The data showed that CDK1 mutation was frequently present in multiple tumors. CDK1 expression was significantly increased in various types of tumors as compared with normal tissues and was associated with poor overall and disease-free survival. In addition, CDK1 expression was significantly correlated with oncogenic genes, proteins, cellular components, myeloid-derived suppressor cell infiltration, ESTMATEScore, and signaling pathways associated with tumor development and progression and tumor microenvironments. These data indicate that CDK1 could serve as a promising biomarker for predicting tumor prognosis and a potential target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyou Liu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Hao Wu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +573-884-3278
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26
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Zhang Z, Hu B, Joseph J, Wang Y, Mao J, Zhang H, Ma Q, Zhang Y, Wang J. Stable H-bond networks are crucial for selective CDK4 inhibition revealed from comprehensive in silico investigation. Comput Biol Chem 2022; 99:107699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2022.107699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Daks A, Fedorova O, Parfenyev S, Nevzorov I, Shuvalov O, Barlev NA. The Role of E3 Ligase Pirh2 in Disease. Cells 2022; 11:1515. [PMID: 35563824 PMCID: PMC9101203 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53-dependent ubiquitin ligase Pirh2 regulates a number of proteins involved in different cancer-associated processes. Targeting the p53 family proteins, Chk2, p27Kip1, Twist1 and others, Pirh2 participates in such cellular processes as proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and cellular migration. Thus, it is not surprising that Pirh2 takes part in the initiation and progression of different diseases and pathologies including but not limited to cancer. In this review, we aimed to summarize the available data on Pirh2 regulation, its protein targets and its role in various diseases and pathological processes, thus making the Pirh2 protein a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Nickolai A. Barlev
- Institute of Cytology RAS, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (O.F.); (S.P.); (I.N.); (O.S.)
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IGF2BP1 Promotes Proliferation of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms by Post-Transcriptional Enhancement of EZH2. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092121. [PMID: 35565249 PMCID: PMC9131133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) are very heterogeneous malignancies arising at different sites of the body that show an increasing incidence in recent decades. Here, we show that IGF2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) is highly expressed in NEN cell lines, leading to enhanced cell proliferation. This oncogenic function relies on post-transcriptional stimulation of EZH2 expression by IGF2BP1, resulting in epigenetic silencing of cell cycle inhibitors via tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). Combinatorial pharmacological targeting of IGF2BP1, EZH2, and the EZH2-activator Myc leads to synergistic antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in NEN cells, representing a novel therapeutic strategy in neuroendocrine malignancies. Abstract Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) represent a heterogenous class of highly vascularized neoplasms that are increasing in prevalence and are predominantly diagnosed at a metastatic state. The molecular mechanisms leading to tumor initiation, metastasis, and chemoresistance are still under investigation. Hence, identification of novel therapeutic targets is of great interest. Here, we demonstrate that the RNA-binding Protein IGF2BP1 is a post-transcriptional regulator of components of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), an epigenic modifier affecting transcriptional regulation and proliferation: Comprehensive in silico analyses along with in vitro experiments showed that IGF2BP1 promotes neuroendocrine tumor cell proliferation by stabilizing the mRNA of Enhancer of Zeste 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of PRC2, which represses gene expression by tri-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). The IGF2BP1-driven stabilization and protection of EZH2 mRNA is m6A-dependent and enhances EZH2 protein levels which stimulates cell cycle progression by silencing cell cycle arrest genes through enhanced H3K27 tri-methylation. Therapeutic inhibition of IGF2BP1 destabilizes EZH2 mRNA and results in a reduced cell proliferation, paralleled by an increase in G1 and sub-G1 phases. Combined targeting of IGF2BP1, EZH2, and Myc, a transcriptional activator of EZH2 and well-known target of IGF2BP1 cooperatively induces tumor cell apoptosis. Our data identify IGF2BP1 as an important driver of tumor progression in NEN, and indicate that disruption of the IGF2BP1-Myc-EZH2 axis represents a promising approach for targeted therapy of neuroendocrine neoplasms.
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McLean TD, Duchi S, Di Bella C. Molecular Pathogenesis of Sporadic Desmoid Tumours and Its Implications for Novel Therapies: A Systematised Narrative Review. Target Oncol 2022; 17:223-252. [PMID: 35446005 PMCID: PMC9217905 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00876-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis is a rare, fibroblastic soft-tissue neoplasm with local aggressiveness but no metastatic potential. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling has been extensively linked to desmoid pathogenesis, although little is known about other molecular drivers and no established treatment approach exists. We aimed to summarise the current literature regarding the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis and to discuss the effects of both current and emerging novel therapies targeting these mechanisms. A literature search was conducted of MEDLINE® ALL and EMBASE databases for published studies (2000–August 2021) using keywords related to ‘fibromatosis aggressive’, ‘immunohistochemistry’, ‘polymerase chain reaction’ and ‘mutation’. Articles were included if they examined the role of proteins in sporadic or extra-abdominal human desmoid-type fibromatosis pathogenesis. Searching identified 1684 articles. Following duplicate removal and eligibility screening, 36 were identified. After a full-text screen, 22 were included in the final review. At least 47% of desmoid-type fibromatosis cases displayed aberrant β-catenin immunoreactivity amongst ten studies. Cyclin D1 overexpression occurred in at least 40% of cases across five studies. Six studies reported oestrogen receptor-β expression with a range of 7.4–90%. Three studies implicated matrix metalloproteinases, with one study demonstrating vascular endothelial growth factor overexpression. One study explored the positive relationship between cyclooxygenase-2 and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β. Aberrant Wnt/β-catenin signalling is a well-established pathogenic driver that may be targeted via downstream modulation. Growth factor signalling is best appreciated through the clinical trial effects of multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors, whilst oestrogen receptor expression data may only offer a superficial insight into oestrogen signalling. Finally, the tumour microenvironment presents multiple potential novel therapeutic targets. Sporadic desmoid tumours are rare soft-tissue neoplasms that arise from connective tissues in the chest wall, head, neck and limbs. Whilst lacking metastatic potential, uncertainty surrounding their locally aggressive growth and unpredictable recurrence complicates treatment approaches. At the molecular level, alterations in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, a fundamental coordinator of cell growth and development, have been strongly linked to desmoid tumour development. Beyond this, however, little is known about other molecular drivers. In the case of progressive or life-threatening disease, complex treatment decisions are made regarding the use of surgery, radiotherapy or systemic treatment modalities. Of the targeted systemic therapies, a lack of comparative clinical studies further complicates medical treatment decision making as no definitive treatment approach exists. Therefore, this review aimed to summarise the literature regarding the molecular drivers of desmoid tumour pathogenesis and to discuss the current and emerging novel therapies targeting such mechanisms. Utilising findings from human desmoid tissue samples, we present the rationale for targeting downstream mediators of the central Wnt/β-catenin pathway and outline potential treatment targets in the tumour microenvironment. We also highlight the knowledge gained from clinical drug trials targeting desmoid growth factor signalling and present the potentially superficial insight provided by oestrogen receptor expression profiles on the role of oestrogen signalling in desmoid pathogenesis. In doing so, this work may assist in the eventual development of an evidence-based treatment approach for sporadic desmoid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D McLean
- Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Serena Duchi
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Biofab 3D, Aikenhead Centre for Medical Discovery, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claudia Di Bella
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Orthopaedics, St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Distinct phases of adult microglia proliferation: a Myc-mediated early phase and a Tnfaip3-mediated late phase. Cell Discov 2022; 8:34. [PMID: 35411038 PMCID: PMC9001707 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00377-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgliosis is a hallmark of many neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, seizure, traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries, and peripheral and optic nerve injuries. Recent studies have shown that the newly self-renewed microglia have specific neurological functions. However, the mechanism of adult microglia proliferation remains largely unclear. Here, with single-cell RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate that the sciatic nerve injury induced two distinct phases of microglia proliferation in mouse spinal cord, each with different gene expression profiles. We demonstrate that the transcription factor Myc was transiently upregulated in spinal cord microglia after nerve injury to mediate an early phase microglia proliferation. On the other hand, we reveal that the tumor-necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (Tnfaip3) was downregulated to mediate the Myc-independent late-phase microglia proliferation. We show that cyclin dependent kinase 1, a kinase with important function in the M phase of the cell cycle, was involved only in the early phase. We reveal that although the early phase was neither necessary nor sufficient for the late phase proliferation, the late-phase suppressed the early phase microglia proliferation in the spinal cord. Finally, we demonstrate that the termination of spinal cord microglia proliferation required both Myc and Tnfaip3 to resume their baseline expression. Thus, we have delineated an interactive signaling network in the proliferation of differentiated microglia.
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IBtkα Activates the β-Catenin-Dependent Transcription of MYC through Ubiquitylation and Proteasomal Degradation of GSK3β in Cancerous B Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042044. [PMID: 35216159 PMCID: PMC8875111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The IBTK gene encodes the IBtkα protein that is a substrate receptor of E3 ubiquitin ligase, Cullin 3. We have previously reported the pro-tumorigenic activity of Ibtk in MYC-dependent B-lymphomagenesis observed in Eμ-myc transgenic mice. Here, we provide mechanistic evidence of the functional interplay between IBtkα and MYC. We show that IBtkα, albeit indirectly, activates the β-catenin-dependent transcription of the MYC gene. Of course, IBtkα associates with GSK3β and promotes its ubiquitylation, which is associated with proteasomal degradation. This event increases the protein level of β-catenin, a substrate of GSK3β, and results in the transcriptional activation of the MYC and CCND1 target genes of β-catenin, which are involved in the control of cell division and apoptosis. In particular, we found that in Burkitt’s lymphoma cells, IBtkα silencing triggered the downregulation of both MYC mRNA and protein expression, as well as a strong decrease of cell survival, mainly through the induction of apoptotic events, as assessed by using flow cytometry-based cell cycle and apoptosis analysis. Collectively, our results shed further light on the complex puzzle of IBtkα interactome and highlight IBtkα as a potential novel therapeutic target to be employed in the strategy for personalized therapy of B cell lymphoma.
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Nagasaka M, Inoue Y, Yoshida M, Miyajima C, Morishita D, Tokugawa M, Nakamoto H, Sugano M, Ohoka N, Hayashi H. The deubiquitinating enzyme USP17 regulates c‐Myc levels and controls cell proliferation and glycolysis. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:465-478. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Nagasaka
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
| | - Manaka Yoshida
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
| | - Chiharu Miyajima
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
| | - Daisuke Morishita
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
- Chordia Therapeutics Inc 251‐0012 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Muneshige Tokugawa
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
| | - Haruna Nakamoto
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
| | - Mayumi Sugano
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
| | - Nobumichi Ohoka
- Division of Molecular Target and Gene Therapy Products National Institute of Health Sciences 210‐9501 Kanagawa Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nagoya City University 467‐8603 Nagoya Japan
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Zhang H, Xu K, Xiang Q, Zhao L, Tan B, Ju P, Lan X, Liu Y, Zhang J, Fu Z, Li C, Wang J, Song J, Xiao Y, Cheng Z, Wang Y, Zhang S, Xiang T. LPCAT1 functions as a novel prognostic molecular marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2022; 9:151-164. [PMID: 35005115 PMCID: PMC8720658 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationships between LPCAT1 expression and clinicopathologic parameters of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), further, to explore the effect of LPCAT1 on overall survival (OS) in patients with HCC, and its possible mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis using high throughput RNA-sequencing data from TCGA was utilized to explore the differential expression of LPCAT1 between normal and tumor tissues, and the associations between LPCAT1 expression and clinicopathological parameters. Survival analyses and subgroup survival analyses were utilized to elucidate the effect of LPCAT1 on OS in patients with HCC. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the prognostic factors. Potential LPCAT1 related tumor genes were identified by the methodology of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) screening. GO term enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis and the PPI network were used to explore the potential mechanism. LPCAT1 was significantly overexpressed in HCC tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. The LPCAT1 expression was related to tumor grade, ECOG score, AFP and TNM stage, with P values of 0.000, 0.000, 0.007 and 0.000, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that LPCAT1 expression was independently associated with OS, with an HR of 1.04 (CI: 1.01-1.06, P = 0.003). The KEGG pathway enrichment analyses showed that overlapped DEGs mainly participate in the cell cycle. Finally, we identified a hub gene, CDK1, which has been reported to act on the cell cycle, consistent with the result of KEGG enrichment analysis. Collectively, these data confirmed LPCAT1 was upregulated in HCC, and was an independent predictor of the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Juxian County, Rizhao, Shandong 276599, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610599, PR China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402177, PR China
| | - Benxu Tan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Ping Ju
- College of Science and Mathematics, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
| | - Xiufu Lan
- Department of Orthopedics, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Yi Liu
- Engineering Department, Women & Children's Health Care Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong 276016, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Jinzhi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
| | - Jixiang Song
- Medical Department, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250013, PR China
| | - Yun Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Zhaobo Cheng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Science, Jinan, Shandong 250117, PR China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
- Corresponding author.
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Wang S, Zhang H, Liu H, Guo X, Ma R, Zhu W, Gao P. ELK1-induced up-regulation of KIF26B promotes cell cycle progression in breast cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 39:15. [PMID: 34817735 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01607-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
KIF26B is a member of the kinesin superfamily that is up-regulated in various tumors, including breast cancer (BC), which can promote tumor progression. This study aimed to investigate the potential function of KIF26B in BC, and the underlying mechanisms, focusing mainly on cell proliferation. KIF26B expression was examined in BC tissue samples obtained from 99 patients. Then, we performed MTS, EdU and flow cytometry assays to detect cell proliferation, and western blotting to measure the expression of cell cycle-related proteins in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells following KIF26B knockdown. Promoter analysis was used to study the upstream regulatory mechanism of KIF26B. KIF26B was upregulated in BC tissues. High expression of KIF26B was associated with clinicopathological parameters, such as positive lymph node metastasis, higher tumor grade, and higher proliferative index in BC. Furthermore, knockdown of KIF26B expression inhibited MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell proliferation, arresting cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle in vitro. Similarly, KIF26B silencing decreased the expression levels of Wnt, β-catenin, and cell cycle-related proteins such as c-Myc, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 4, while increasing the expression of p27. Moreover, ELK1 could bind to the core promoter region of KIF26B and activate its transcription. KIF26B acts as an oncogene in BC by regulating multiple proteins involved in the cell cycle. ELK1 activates KIF26B transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- SuXia Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Wen Hua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Pathology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Wen Hua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - HaiTing Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Wen Hua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - XiangYu Guo
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Wen Hua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - RanRan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Wen Hua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - WenJie Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Wen Hua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - P Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan Wen Hua Xi Road 44, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China. .,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
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Gao L, Wang C, Qin B, Li T, Xu W, Lenahan C, Ying G, Li J, Zhao T, Zhu Y, Chen G. 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase Suppresses Neuronal Apoptosis by Increasing Glycolysis and "cyclin-dependent kinase 1-Mediated Phosphorylation of p27 After Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Rats. Cell Transplant 2021; 29:963689720950226. [PMID: 32841050 PMCID: PMC7563815 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720950226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a vital pathological factor that accounts for the poor prognosis of
traumatic spinal cord injury (t-SCI). The
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3) is a critical
regulator for energy metabolism and proven to have antiapoptotic effects. This
study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective role of PFKFB3 in t-SCI. A
compressive clip was introduced to establish the t-SCI model. Herein, we
identified that PFKFB3 was extensively distributed in neurons, and PFKFB3 levels
significantly increased and peaked 24 h after t-SCI. Additionally, knockdown of
PFKFB3 inhibited glycolysis, accompanied by aggravated neuronal apoptosis and
white matter injury, while pharmacological activation of PFKFB3 with meclizine
significantly enhanced glycolysis, attenuated t-SCI-induced spinal cord injury,
and alleviated neurological impairment. The PFKFB3 agonist, meclizine, activated
cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and promoted the phosphorylation of p27,
ultimately suppressing neuronal apoptosis. However, the neuroprotective effects
of meclizine against t-SCI were abolished by the CDK1 antagonist, RO3306. In
summary, our data demonstrated that PFKFB3 contributes robust neuroprotection
against t-SCI by enhancing glycolysis and modulating CDK1-related antiapoptotic
signals. Moreover, targeting PFKFB3 may be a novel and promising therapeutic
strategy for t-SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liansheng Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- 448838Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Guangyu Ying
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tengfei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjian Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, 89681Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Xing Z, Wang X, Liu J, Zhang M, Feng K, Wang X. Expression and prognostic value of CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 gene clusters in human breast cancer. J Int Med Res 2021; 49:300060520980647. [PMID: 33896262 PMCID: PMC8076779 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520980647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cell cycle-associated proteins play important roles in breast cancer (BRCA), based on evidence from cell lines, preclinical murine models, and human tissue samples. Methods Herein, we used the Onomine, GEPIA, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, and cBioPortal databases to examine transcriptional and survival data pertaining to cyclin-associated gene clusters (CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1) in BRCA patients. Results CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 gene expression levels were higher in BRCA compared with control tissue samples and were correlated with more-advanced tumor stage. Kaplan–Meier survival analyses confirmed that elevated CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 expression levels were associated with overall and post-progression survival and recurrence-free probability rates in patients with BRCA. Conclusion The results of this study implied that CDK1, CCNA2, and CCNB1 gene clusters may provide potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers in patients with BRCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Xing
- Breast Cancer Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Breast Cancer Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Breast Cancer Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Menglu Zhang
- Breast Cancer Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Feng
- Breast Cancer Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Breast Cancer Department, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Gene Transactivation and Transrepression in MYC-Driven Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073458. [PMID: 33801599 PMCID: PMC8037706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC is a proto-oncogene regulating a large number of genes involved in a plethora of cellular functions. Its deregulation results in activation of MYC gene expression and/or an increase in MYC protein stability. MYC overexpression is a hallmark of malignant growth, inducing self-renewal of stem cells and blocking senescence and cell differentiation. This review summarizes the latest advances in our understanding of MYC-mediated molecular mechanisms responsible for its oncogenic activity. Several recent findings indicate that MYC is a regulator of cancer genome and epigenome: MYC modulates expression of target genes in a site-specific manner, by recruiting chromatin remodeling co-factors at promoter regions, and at genome-wide level, by regulating the expression of several epigenetic modifiers that alter the entire chromatin structure. We also discuss novel emerging therapeutic strategies based on both direct modulation of MYC and its epigenetic cofactors.
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Wang C, Zhang J, Yin J, Gan Y, Xu S, Gu Y, Huang W. Alternative approaches to target Myc for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:117. [PMID: 33692331 PMCID: PMC7946937 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00500-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Myc proto-oncogene family consists of three members, C-MYC, MYCN, and MYCL, which encodes the transcription factor c-Myc (hereafter Myc), N-Myc, and L-Myc, respectively. Myc protein orchestrates diverse physiological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Myc modulates about 15% of the global transcriptome, and its deregulation rewires the cellular signaling modules inside tumor cells, thereby acquiring selective advantages. The deregulation of Myc occurs in >70% of human cancers, and is related to poor prognosis; hence, hyperactivated Myc oncoprotein has been proposed as an ideal drug target for decades. Nevertheless, no specific drug is currently available to directly target Myc, mainly because of its "undruggable" properties: lack of enzymatic pocket for conventional small molecules to bind; inaccessibility for antibody due to the predominant nucleus localization of Myc. Although the topic of targeting Myc has actively been reviewed in the past decades, exciting new progresses in this field keep emerging. In this review, after a comprehensive summarization of valuable sources for potential druggable targets of Myc-driven cancer, we also peer into the promising future of utilizing macropinocytosis to deliver peptides like Omomyc or antibody agents to intracellular compartment for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yin
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yichao Gan
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Senlin Xu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ying Gu
- Division of Medical Genomics and Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education), the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University and Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Genetic and Developmental Disorder, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems & Precision Medicine, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Liaño-Pons J, Lafita-Navarro MC, García-Gaipo L, Colomer C, Rodríguez J, von Kriegsheim A, Hurlin PJ, Ourique F, Delgado MD, Bigas A, Espinosa L, León J. A novel role of MNT as a negative regulator of REL and the NF-κB pathway. Oncogenesis 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 33419981 PMCID: PMC7794610 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MNT, a transcription factor of the MXD family, is an important modulator of the oncoprotein MYC. Both MNT and MYC are basic-helix-loop-helix proteins that heterodimerize with MAX in a mutually exclusive manner, and bind to E-boxes within regulatory regions of their target genes. While MYC generally activates transcription, MNT represses it. However, the molecular interactions involving MNT as a transcriptional regulator beyond the binding to MAX remain unexplored. Here we demonstrate a novel MAX-independent protein interaction between MNT and REL, the oncogenic member of the NF-κB family. REL participates in important biological processes and it is altered in a variety of tumors. REL is a transcription factor that remains inactive in the cytoplasm in an inhibitory complex with IκB and translocates to the nucleus when the NF-κB pathway is activated. In the present manuscript, we show that MNT knockdown triggers REL translocation into the nucleus and thus the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Meanwhile, MNT overexpression results in the repression of IκBα, a bona fide REL target. Both MNT and REL bind to the IκBα gene on the first exon, suggesting its regulation as an MNT-REL complex. Altogether our data indicate that MNT acts as a repressor of the NF-κB pathway by two mechanisms: (1) retention of REL in the cytoplasm by MNT interaction, and (2) MNT-driven repression of REL-target genes through an MNT-REL complex. These results widen our knowledge about MNT biological roles and reveal a novel connection between the MYC/MXD and NF-κB pathways, two of the most prominent pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Liaño-Pons
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology (MTC), Biomedicum B7, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lorena García-Gaipo
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlota Colomer
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Rodríguez
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Center, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter J Hurlin
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Research Center, Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology and Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fabiana Ourique
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - M Dolores Delgado
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Anna Bigas
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Espinosa
- Cancer Research Program, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, CIBERONC, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier León
- Departmento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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Fumagalli C, Ranghiero A, Gandini S, Corso F, Taormina S, De Camilli E, Rappa A, Vacirca D, Viale G, Guerini-Rocco E, Barberis M. Inter-tumor genomic heterogeneity of breast cancers: comprehensive genomic profile of primary early breast cancers and relapses. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:107. [PMID: 33059724 PMCID: PMC7566144 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01345-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The breast cancer genome dynamically evolves during malignant progression and recurrence. We investigated the genomic profiles of primary early-stage breast cancers and matched relapses to elucidate the molecular underpinnings of the metastatic process, focusing on potentially actionable alterations in the recurrences. METHODS A mono-institutional cohort of 128 patients with breast cancers (n = 68 luminal B HER2, n = 6 luminal B HER2+, n = 1 HER2+ non-luminal, n = 56 triple negative) and at least one recurrence in a timeframe of 17 years was evaluated. Next-generation sequencing comprehensive genomic profiling was performed on 289 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples, including primary tumors and matched relapses. Correlations of genomic aberrations with clinicopathologic factors and time to breast cancer relapse were analyzed. RESULTS Genomic data were available for 188 of 289 FFPE samples that achieved the sequencing quality parameters (failure rate 34.9%), including 106 primary tumors and 82 relapses. All primary and relapse samples harbored at least one genomic alteration, with a median number of six alterations per sample (range 1-16). The most frequent somatic genomic alterations were mutations of TP53 (primary tumors = 49%, relapses = 49%) and PIK3CA (primary tumors = 33%, relapses = 30%). Distinctive genomic alterations of primary tumors were significantly associated with molecular subtypes. TP53, PIK3R1, and NF1 somatic alterations were more frequently detected in triple negative tumors (p value < 0.05); CCND1, FGF3, and FGFR1 copy number gains were recurrently identified in luminal cases (p value < 0.05). Moreover, TP53 mutations and MYC amplification were significantly and independently associated with a shorter time to relapse (p value < 0.05). Molecular subtype changes between primary tumors and relapses were seen in 10 of 128 (7.8%) cases. Most driver genomic alterations (55.8%) were shared between primary tumors and matched recurrences. However, in 39 of 61 cases (63.9%), additional private alterations were detected in the relapse samples only, including 12 patients with potentially actionable aberrations. CONCLUSIONS Specific genomic aberrations of primary breast cancers were associated with time to relapse. Primary tumors and matched recurrences showed a core of shared driver genomic aberrations but private actionable alterations have been identified in the relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Fumagalli
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Ranghiero
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Corso
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Taormina
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa De Camilli
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rappa
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Vacirca
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Massimo Barberis
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Perturbation-based gene regulatory network inference to unravel oncogenic mechanisms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14149. [PMID: 32843692 PMCID: PMC7447758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70941-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene regulatory network (GRN) of human cells encodes mechanisms to ensure proper functioning. However, if this GRN is dysregulated, the cell may enter into a disease state such as cancer. Understanding the GRN as a system can therefore help identify novel mechanisms underlying disease, which can lead to new therapies. To deduce regulatory interactions relevant to cancer, we applied a recent computational inference framework to data from perturbation experiments in squamous carcinoma cell line A431. GRNs were inferred using several methods, and the false discovery rate was controlled by the NestBoot framework. We developed a novel approach to assess the predictiveness of inferred GRNs against validation data, despite the lack of a gold standard. The best GRN was significantly more predictive than the null model, both in cross-validated benchmarks and for an independent dataset of the same genes under a different perturbation design. The inferred GRN captures many known regulatory interactions central to cancer-relevant processes in addition to predicting many novel interactions, some of which were experimentally validated, thus providing mechanistic insights that are useful for future cancer research.
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