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Mather AE, Gilmour MW, Reid SWJ, French NP. Foodborne bacterial pathogens: genome-based approaches for enduring and emerging threats in a complex and changing world. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01051-z. [PMID: 38789668 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01051-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Foodborne illnesses pose a substantial health and economic burden, presenting challenges in prevention due to the diverse microbial hazards that can enter and spread within food systems. Various factors, including natural, political and commercial drivers, influence food production and distribution. The risks of foodborne illness will continue to evolve in step with these drivers and with changes to food systems. For example, climate impacts on water availability for agriculture, changes in food sustainability targets and evolving customer preferences can all have an impact on the ecology of foodborne pathogens and the agrifood niches that can carry microorganisms. Whole-genome and metagenome sequencing, combined with microbial surveillance schemes and insights from the food system, can provide authorities and businesses with transformative information to address risks and implement new food safety interventions across the food chain. In this Review, we describe how genome-based approaches have advanced our understanding of the evolution and spread of enduring bacterial foodborne hazards as well as their role in identifying emerging foodborne hazards. Furthermore, foodborne hazards exist in complex microbial communities across the entire food chain, and consideration of these co-existing organisms is essential to understanding the entire ecology supporting pathogen persistence and transmission in an evolving food system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E Mather
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK.
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Matthew W Gilmour
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
- University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Nigel P French
- Tāuwharau Ora, School of Veterinary Science, Te Kunenga Ki Pūrehuroa, Massey University, Papaioea, Palmerston North, Aotearoa New Zealand
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2
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Freiberg JA, Wright PW. What's Hot This Year in Infectious Diseases Clinical Science. Clin Infect Dis 2024; 78:1170-1174. [PMID: 38170287 PMCID: PMC11093670 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The field of infectious diseases saw numerous exciting advances in 2023. Trials of new antibiotics and treatment regimens sought to address rising rates of antimicrobial resistance. Other studies focused on the most appropriate use of currently available treatments, balancing the dual goals of providing effective treatment and impactful antimicrobial stewardship. Improvements in disease prevention were made through trials of both new vaccines and new chemoprophylaxis approaches. Concerning trends this year included increasing rates of invasive group A streptococcal infections, medical tourism-associated cases of fungal meningitis, and the return of locally acquired malaria to the United States. This review covers some of these notable trials and clinical developments in infectious diseases in the past year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Freiberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patty W Wright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Correa Velez KE, Alam M, Baalousha MA, Norman RS. Wildfire Ashes from the Wildland-Urban Interface Alter Vibrio vulnificus Growth and Gene Expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:8169-8181. [PMID: 38690750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c08658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Climate change-induced stressors are contributing to the emergence of infectious diseases, including those caused by marine bacterial pathogens such as Vibrio spp. These stressors alter Vibrio temporal and geographical distribution, resulting in increased spread, exposure, and infection rates, thus facilitating greater Vibrio-human interactions. Concurrently, wildfires are increasing in size, severity, frequency, and spread in the built environment due to climate change, resulting in the emission of contaminants of emerging concern. This study aimed to understand the potential effects of urban interface wildfire ashes on Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) growth and gene expression using transcriptomic approaches. V. vulnificus was exposed to structural and vegetation ashes and analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes using the HTSeq-DESeq2 strategy. Exposure to wildfire ash altered V. vulnificus growth and gene expression, depending on the trace metal composition of the ash. The high Fe content of the vegetation ash enhanced bacterial growth, while the high Cu, As, and Cr content of the structural ash suppressed growth. Additionally, the overall pattern of upregulated genes and pathways suggests increased virulence potential due to the selection of metal- and antibiotic-resistant strains. Therefore, mixed fire ashes transported and deposited into coastal zones may lead to the selection of environmental reservoirs of Vibrio strains with enhanced antibiotic resistance profiles, increasing public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlen Enid Correa Velez
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mahbub Alam
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mohammed A Baalousha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - R Sean Norman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change Interactions, University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly St., Suite 401, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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Zaghi I, Tebano G, Vanino E, Vandi G, Cricca M, Sambri V, Fantini M, Di Antonio F, Terzitta M, Russo E, Cristini F, Bassi P, Biagetti C, Tatarelli P. Non-cholera Vibrio spp. invasive infections in the summer following May 2023 flood disaster in Romagna, Italy: a case series. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024:10.1007/s10096-024-04842-7. [PMID: 38735888 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04842-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Non-cholera Vibrio spp. includes ubiquitous organisms living in aquatic environments. Their occurrence is associated with global warming and meteorological disasters. In May 2023 the Romagna region, Italy, was affected by severe floods. In the following 15 weeks we observed 5 patients with invasive infections caused by V. vulnificus (3/5) and V. harveyi (2/5). All patients (median age 77 years) had medical comorbidities and shared exposure to seawater. Two patients needed surgery; 2 died. In conclusion, we observed an increased burden of Vibrio spp. invasive infections after May 2023 floods, affecting old patients with predisposing medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Zaghi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy.
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522, Cesena, Italy.
| | - G Tebano
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - E Vanino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - G Vandi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rimini Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - M Cricca
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - V Sambri
- Unit of Microbiology, The Greater Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, 47522, Cesena, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC)-Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Fantini
- Clinical and Organizational Research Unit, Romagna AUSL, Ravenna, Italy
| | - F Di Antonio
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - M Terzitta
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - E Russo
- Department of Surgery and Trauma, Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, Cesena, AUSL Della Romagna, Italy
| | - F Cristini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Forlì and Cesena Hospitals, Forlì and Cesena, Italy
| | - P Bassi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
| | - C Biagetti
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rimini Hospital, Rimini, Italy
| | - P Tatarelli
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Ravenna Hospital, Ravenna, Italy
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Semenza JC. Climate Change and Contagion: The Circuitous Impacts From Infectious Diseases. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:928-930. [PMID: 38488102 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Semenza
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Ting KC, Chuang PW, Tsai MJ. Necrotizing fasciitis in a 44-year-old woman caused by Vibrio vulnificus. CMAJ 2024; 196:E446. [PMID: 38589031 PMCID: PMC11001385 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.231766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chung Ting
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Chuang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jen Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
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Hsieh CM, Hu SY, Hsieh MS, Huang SC, Shen CH, Tsai YC. Better Performance of Modified Scoring Systems to Predict the Clinical Outcomes of Vibrio Bacteremia in the Emergency Department: An Observational Study. J Pers Med 2024; 14:385. [PMID: 38673012 PMCID: PMC11051138 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria found in various aquatic environments, including saltwater and freshwater. Vibrio bacteremia can lead to sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition in which the immune system enters overdrive in response to the disease, causing widespread inflammation and damage to tissues and organs. V. vulnificus had the highest case fatality rate (39%) of all reported foodborne infections in the United States and a high mortality rate in Asia, including Taiwan. Numerous scoring systems have been created to estimate the mortality risk in the emergency department (ED). However, there are no specific scoring systems to predict the mortality risk of Vibrio bacteremia. Therefore, this study modified the existing scoring systems to better predict the mortality risk of Vibrio bacteremia. METHODS Cases of Vibrio bacteremia were diagnosed based on the results from at least one blood culture in the ED. Patient data were extracted from the electronic clinical database, covering January 2012 to December 2021. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.This study used univariate and multivariate analyses to evaluate the mortality risk. RESULTS This study enrolled 36 patients diagnosed with Vibrio bacteremia, including 23 males (63.9%) and 13 females (36.1%), with a mean age of 65.1 ± 15.7 years. The in-hospital mortality rate amounted to 25% (9/36), with 31.5% in V. vulnificus (6/19) and 17.6% in V. non-vulnificus (3/17). The non-survivors demonstrated higher MEDS (10.3 ± 2.4) than the survivors (6.2 ± 4.1) (p = 0.002). Concerning the qSOFA, the survivors scored 0.3 ± 0.5, and the non-survivors displayed a score of 0.6 ± 0.7 (p = 0.387). The AUC of the ROC for the MEDS and qSOFA was 0.833 and 0.599, respectively. This study modified the scoring systems with other predictive factors, including BUN and pH. The AUC of the ROC for the modified MEDS and qSOFA reached up to 0.852 and 0.802, respectively. CONCLUSION The MEDS could serve as reliable indicators for forecasting the mortality rate of patients grappling with Vibrio bacteremia. This study modified the MEDS and qSOFA to strengthen the predictive performance of mortality risk for Vibrio bacteremia. We advocate the prompt initiation of targeted therapeutic interventions and judicious antibiotic treatments to curb fatality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ming Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Sung-Yuan Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402202, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Shun Hsieh
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taoyuan Branch, Taoyuan 330, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Che Huang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Lung Cancer Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Shen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (C.-M.H.); (C.-H.S.); (Y.-C.T.)
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8
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Rickert J. On Patient Safety: Managing the Spread of Tropical Diseases. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:431-433. [PMID: 38265256 PMCID: PMC10871788 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- James Rickert
- President, The Society for Patient Centered Orthopedics, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Morgado ME, Brumfield KD, Mitchell C, Boyle MM, Colwell RR, Sapkota AR. Increased incidence of vibriosis in Maryland, U.S.A., 2006-2019. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 244:117940. [PMID: 38101724 PMCID: PMC10922380 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio spp. naturally occur in warm water with moderate salinity. Infections with non-cholera Vibrio (vibriosis) cause an estimated 80,000 illnesses and 100 fatalities each year in the United States. Climate associated changes to environmental parameters in aquatic ecosystems are largely promoting Vibrio growth, and increased incidence of vibriosis is being reported globally. However, vibriosis trends in the northeastern U.S. (e.g., Maryland) have not been evaluated since 2008. METHODS Vibriosis case data for Maryland (2006-2019; n = 611) were obtained from the COVIS database. Incidence rates were calculated using U.S. Census Bureau population estimates for Maryland. A logistic regression model, including region, age group, race, gender, occupation, and exposure type, was used to estimate the likelihood of hospitalization. RESULTS Comparing the 2006-2012 and 2013-2019 periods, there was a 39% (p = 0.01) increase in the average annual incidence rate (per 100,000 population) of vibriosis, with V. vulnificus infections seeing the greatest percentage increase (53%, p = 0.01), followed by V. parahaemolyticus (47%, p = 0.05). The number of hospitalizations increased by 58% (p = 0.01). Since 2010, there were more reported vibriosis cases with a hospital duration ≥10 days. Patients from the upper eastern shore region and those over the age of 65 were more likely (OR = 6.8 and 12.2) to be hospitalized compared to other patients. CONCLUSIONS Long-term increases in Vibrio infections, notably V. vulnificus wound infections, are occurring in Maryland. This trend, along with increased rates in hospitalizations and average hospital durations, underscore the need to improve public awareness, water monitoring, post-harvest seafood interventions, and environmental forecasting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele E Morgado
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kyle D Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Clifford Mitchell
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle M Boyle
- Prevention and Health Promotion Administration, Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
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Jutla A, Filippelli GM, McMahon KD, Tringe SG, Colwell RR, Nguyen H, Imperiale MJ. One Health, climate change, and infectious microbes: a joint effort between AGU and ASM to understand impacts of changing climate and microbes on human well-being across scales. mSphere 2024; 9:e0003524. [PMID: 38294223 PMCID: PMC10900903 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00035-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antarpreet Jutla
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, GeoHealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriel M. Filippelli
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Katherine D. McMahon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Susannah G. Tringe
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen Nguyen
- Helen Nguyen, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hughes MJ, Flaherty E, Lee N, Robbins A, Weller DL. Notes from the Field: Severe Vibrio vulnificus Infections During Heat Waves - Three Eastern U.S. States, July-August 2023. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2024; 73:84-85. [PMID: 38300849 PMCID: PMC10843064 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7304a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
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Lloret J, García-de-Vinuesa A, Demestre M. How human health and well-being depends on healthy marine habitats in the Mediterranean: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24329. [PMID: 38293530 PMCID: PMC10826731 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Human health and well-being, and how they are affected by terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems have been the subject of numerous studies. In contrast, there are very few such studies relating to marine ecosystems. Here, in the context of the Mediterranean Sea, we assess evidence of the broad interplay of relationships between marine habitats and human health and well-being. Our review shows that the major Mediterranean marine habitats provide various provisioning, cultural and regulating services that improve physical and mental health in a number of different ways. These include: (i) the provision of seafood rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which help to reduce the risk of developing certain types of illnesses; and also, species that produce bioactive compounds that are potential sources of new drugs; (ii) the provision of blue spaces - areas of water suitable for leisure and recreational activities able to inspire, educate, and appeal to the aesthetic senses - that not only increase physical and psychological health, but also foster an individual and collective sense of place and identity and contribute to improving social relations; and (iii) the regulation of climate change, and of water quality and pollution, for example via sequestration of carbon and heavy metals, thus reducing the associated health risks. Our results show that Mediterranean marine habitats are valuable for health and well-being, thus highlighting the need to conserve as much of these habitats as possible (particularly through marine protected areas) and to carry out new studies to determine the specific causal pathways by which certain characteristics of marine habitats - including biotic (e.g. marine biodiversity) and abiotic (e.g. water quality) factors - affect human health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Lloret
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo García-de-Vinuesa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Cádiz, Puerto Pesquero, Muelle de Levante s/n, 11006, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Montserrat Demestre
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, CSIC, Pg. Marítim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Ganz T, Nemeth E. Hypoferremia of inflammation: Innate host defense against infections. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2024; 104:102777. [PMID: 37391347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for microbes, plants and animals. Multicellular organisms have evolved multiple strategies to control invading microbes by restricting microbial access to iron. Hypoferremia of inflammation is a rapidly-acting organismal response that prevents the formation of iron species that would be readily accessible to microbes. This review takes an evolutionary perspective to explore the mechanisms and host defense function of hypoferremia of inflammation and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA; Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA.
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095-1690, USA
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Davidson N, Edwards F, Harris PNA, Laupland KB. Vibrio species bloodstream infections in Queensland, Australia. Intern Med J 2024; 54:157-163. [PMID: 37497569 DOI: 10.1111/imj.16187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio species bloodstream infections have been associated with significant mortality and morbidity. Limited information is available regarding the epidemiology of bloodstream infections because of Vibrio species in the Australian context. AIMS The objective of this study was to define the incidence and risk factors for developing Vibrio species bloodstream infections and compare differences between different species. METHODS All patients with Vibrio spp. isolated from positive blood cultures between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019 were identified by the state-wide Pathology Queensland laboratory. Demographics, clinical foci of infections and comorbid conditions were collected in addition to antimicrobial susceptibility results. RESULTS About 100 cases were identified between 2000 and 2019 with an incidence of 1.2 cases/1 million person-years. Seasonal and geographical variation occurred with the highest incidence in the summer months and in the tropical north. Increasing age, male sex and multiple comorbidities were identified as risk factors. Vibrio vulnificus was isolated most frequently and associated with the most severe disease. Overall case fatality was 19%. CONCLUSIONS There is potential for increasing cases of Vibrio species infections globally with ageing populations and climate change. Ongoing clinical awareness is required to ensure optimal patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Davidson
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Felicity Edwards
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Patrick N A Harris
- Department of Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, UQ Center for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin B Laupland
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of technology (QUT), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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15
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Semenza JC, Ko AI. Waterborne Diseases That Are Sensitive to Climate Variability and Climate Change. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:2175-2187. [PMID: 38055254 DOI: 10.1056/nejmra2300794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Semenza
- From the Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (J.C.S.); the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (J.C.S.); the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (A.I.K.); and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (A.I.K.)
| | - Albert I Ko
- From the Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany (J.C.S.); the Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden (J.C.S.); the Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT (A.I.K.); and Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Brazil (A.I.K.)
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16
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Kumar S, Lekshmi M, Stephen J, Ortiz-Alegria A, Ayitah M, Varela MF. Dynamics of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance, persistence, and community living of Vibrionaceae. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:7. [PMID: 38017151 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The marine bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family are significant from the point of view of their role in the marine geochemical cycle, as well as symbionts and opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and humans. The well-known pathogens of this group, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality associated with a range of infections from gastroenteritis to bacteremia acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood and exposure to seawater containing these pathogens. Although generally regarded as susceptible to commonly employed antibiotics, the antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio spp. has been on the rise in the last two decades, which has raised concern about future infections by these bacteria becoming increasingly challenging to treat. Diverse mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance have been discovered in pathogenic vibrios, the most important being the membrane efflux pumps, which contribute to antimicrobial resistance and their virulence, environmental fitness, and persistence through biofilm formation and quorum sensing. In this review, we discuss the evolution of antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic vibrios and some of the well-characterized efflux pumps' contributions to the physiology of antimicrobial resistance, host and environment survival, and their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanath Kumar
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Manjusha Lekshmi
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Jerusha Stephen
- QC Laboratory, Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Anely Ortiz-Alegria
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Matthew Ayitah
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA
| | - Manuel F Varela
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Station 33, Portales, NM, 88130, USA.
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17
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Brumfield KD, Usmani M, Santiago S, Singh K, Gangwar M, Hasan NA, Netherland M, Deliz K, Angelini C, Beatty NL, Huq A, Jutla AS, Colwell RR. Genomic diversity of Vibrio spp. and metagenomic analysis of pathogens in Florida Gulf coastal waters following Hurricane Ian. mBio 2023; 14:e0147623. [PMID: 37931127 PMCID: PMC10746180 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01476-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Changing climatic conditions influence parameters associated with the growth of pathogenic Vibrio spp. in the environment and, hence, are linked to increased incidence of vibriosis. Between 1992 and 2022, a long-term increase in Vibrio spp. infections was reported in Florida, USA. Furthermore, a spike in Vibrio spp. infections was reported post Hurricane Ian, a category five storm that made landfall in Florida on 28 September 2022. During October 2022, water and oyster samples were collected from three stations in Lee County in an area significantly impacted by Ian. Vibrio spp. were isolated, and whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were done, with a focus on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus to provide genetic insight into pathogenic strains circulating in the environment. Metagenomic analysis of water samples provided insight with respect to human health-related factors, notably the detection of approximately 12 pathogenic Vibrio spp., virulence and antibiotic resistance genes, and mobile genetic elements, including the SXT/R391 family of integrative conjugative elements. Environmental parameters were monitored as part of a long-term time series analysis done using satellite remote sensing. In addition to anomalous rainfall and storm surge, changes in sea surface temperature and chlorophyll concentration during and after Ian favored the growth of Vibrio spp. In conclusion, genetic analysis coupled with environmental data and remote sensing provides useful public health information and, hence, constitute a valuable tool to proactively detect and characterize environmental pathogens, notably vibrios. These data can aid the development of early warning systems by yielding a larger source of information for public health during climate change. Evidence suggests warming temperatures are associated with the spread of potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. and the emergence of human disease globally. Following Hurricane Ian, the State of Florida reported a sharp increase in the number of reported Vibrio spp. infections and deaths. Hence, monitoring of pathogens, including vibrios, and environmental parameters influencing their occurrence is critical to public health. Here, DNA sequencing was used to investigate the genomic diversity of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, both potential human pathogens, in Florida coastal waters post Hurricane Ian, in October 2022. Additionally, the microbial community of water samples was profiled to detect the presence of Vibrio spp. and other microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, protists, and viruses) present in the samples. Long-term environmental data analysis showed changes in environmental parameters during and after Ian were optimal for the growth of Vibrio spp. and related pathogens. Collectively, results will be used to develop predictive risk models during climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Moiz Usmani
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sanneri Santiago
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Komalpreet Singh
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mayank Gangwar
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Katherine Deliz
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School of Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Norman L. Beatty
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Antarpreet S. Jutla
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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18
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Liu W, Zhang G, Xu D, Ye J, Lu Y. A Novel RAA Combined Test Strip Method Based on Dual Gene Targets for Pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus in Aquatic Products. Foods 2023; 12:3605. [PMID: 37835259 PMCID: PMC10572794 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus can cause disease in aquatic animals and humans, therefore, rapid and simple field detection of pathogenic V. vulnificus is important for early disease prevention. In this study, a novel recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) combined test strip with double T-lines (RAA-TS-DTL) was developed for the rapid detection of V. vulnificus in aquatic products. Pathogenic V. vulnificus was detected using the virulence vvhA gene and the housekeeping gene gyrB gene as the dual target of the test strip. The RAA-TS-DTL method showed 100% specificity for V. vulnificus, and no cross-reaction was observed with Vibrio spp. or other bacteria (n = 14). Furthermore, sensitive detection of V. vulnificus in oysters was achieved. The LODs of the gyrB and vvhA genes were 6 CFU/mL and 23 CFU/mL, respectively, which was about five times higher than that of the commercial test strip. The method was validated with spiked samples (n = 60) of fish, shrimp and oyster. The consistency between RAA-TS-DTL and the traditional culture method was 97.9%. In addition, the entire process of detection, including preparation of the sample, could be completed within 50 min. Our results indicated that the developed RAA-TS-DTL was a reliable and useful tool for rapid screening or on-site detection of pathogenic V. vulnificus in aquatic products and aquaculture water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Di Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jingqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China
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19
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Gangwar M, Usmani M, Jamal Y, Brumfield KD, Huq A, Unnikrishnan A, Colwell RR, Jutla AS. Environmental Factors Associated with Incidence and Distribution of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA: A three-year case study. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.25.559351. [PMID: 37808627 PMCID: PMC10557581 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.25.559351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Members of the genus Vibrio are ecologically significant bacteria native to aquatic ecosystems globally, and a few can cause diseases in humans. Vibrio-related illnesses have increased in recent years, primarily attributed to changing environmental conditions. Therefore, understanding the role of environmental factors in the occurrence and growth of pathogenic strains is crucial for public health. Water, oyster, and sediment samples were collected between 2009 and 2012 from Chester River and Tangier Sound sites in Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA, to investigate the relationship between water temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll with the incidence and distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VP) and Vibrio vulnificus (VV). Odds ratio analysis was used to determine association between the likelihood of VP and VV presence and these environmental variables. Results suggested that water temperature threshold of 20°C or higher was associated with an increased risk, favoring the incidence of Vibrio spp. A significant difference in salinity was observed between the two sampling sites, with distinct ranges showing high odds ratio for Vibrio incidence, especially in water and sediment, emphasizing the impact of salinity on VP and VV incidence and distribution. Notably, salinity between 9-20 PPT consistently favored the Vibrio incidence across all samples. Relationship between chlorophyll concentrations and VP and VV incidence varied depending on sample type. However, chlorophyll range of 0-10 μg/L was identified as critical in oyster samples for both vibrios. Analysis of odds ratios for water samples demonstrated consistent outcomes across all environmental parameters, indicating water samples offer a more reliable indicator of Vibrio spp. incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gangwar
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Moiz Usmani
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yusuf Jamal
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Kyle D. Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Avinash Unnikrishnan
- Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, UAB School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rita R. Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Antarpreet S. Jutla
- Geohealth and Hydrology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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20
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Cutugno L, Mc Cafferty J, Pané-Farré J, O'Byrne C, Boyd A. The Vibrio vulnificus stressosome is dispensable in nutrient-rich media. Access Microbiol 2023; 5:acmi000523.v4. [PMID: 37601438 PMCID: PMC10436020 DOI: 10.1099/acmi.0.000523.v4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The stressosome is a protein complex that senses environmental stresses and mediates the stress response in several Gram-positive bacteria through the activation of the alternative sigma factor SigB. The stressosome locus is found in 44 % of Gram-negative Vibrio vulnificus isolates. However, V. vulnificus does not possess SigB. Nonetheless, in nutrient-limited media, the stressosome modulates gene transcription and bacterial behaviour. In this work, the expression of the stressosome genes was proven during stationary phase in nutrient-rich media and co-transcription as one operonic unit of the stressosome locus and its putative downstream regulatory locus was demonstrated. The construction of a stressosome mutant lacking the genes encoding the four proteins constituting the stressosome complex (VvRsbR, VvRsbS, VvRsbT, VvRsbX) allowed us to examine the role of this complex in vivo. Extensive phenotypic characterization of the ΔRSTX mutant in nutrient-rich media showed that the stressosome does not contribute to growth of V. vulnificus . Moreover, the stressosome did not modulate the tolerance or survival response of V. vulnificus to the range of stresses tested, which included ethanol, hyperosmolarity, hypoxia, high temperature, acidity and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the stressosome was dispensable for motility and exoenzyme production of V. vulnificus in nutrient-rich media. Therefore, in conclusion, although stressosome gene transcription occurs in nutrient-rich media, the stressosome neither has an essential role in stress responses of V. vulnificus nor does it seem to modulate these activities in these conditions. We hypothesise that the stressosome is expressed in nutrient-rich conditions as a sensor complex, but that activation of the complex does not occur in this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cutugno
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Jan Pané-Farré
- Centre for Synthetic Microbiology (SYNMIKRO) and Department of Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Conor O'Byrne
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Boyd
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
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21
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Velez KEC, Leighton RE, Decho AW, Pinckney JL, Norman RS. Modeling pH and Temperature Effects as Climatic Hazards in V ibrio Vulnificus and Vibrio Parahaemolyticus Planktonic Growth and Biofilm Formation. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2022GH000769. [PMID: 37091291 PMCID: PMC10114089 DOI: 10.1029/2022gh000769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Climate-induced stressors, such as changes in temperature, salinity, and pH, contribute to the emergence of infectious diseases. These changes alter geographical constraint, resulting in increased Vibrio spread, exposure, and infection rates, thus facilitating greater Vibrio-human interactions. Multiple efforts have been developed to predict Vibrio exposure and raise awareness of health risks, but most models only use temperature and salinity as prediction factors. This study aimed to better understand the potential effects of temperature and pH on V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus planktonic and biofilm growth. Vibrio strains were grown in triplicate at 25°, 30°, and 37°C in 96 well plates containing Modified Seawater Yeast Extract modified with CaCl2 at pH's ranging from 5 to 9.6. AMiGA software was used to model growth curves using Gaussian process regression. The effects of temperature and pH were evaluated using randomized complete block analysis of variance, and the growth rates of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were modeled using the interpolation fit on the MatLab Curve Fitting Toolbox. Different optimal conditions involving temperature and pH were observed for planktonic and biofilm Vibrio growth within- and between-species. This study showed that temperature and pH factors significantly affect Vibrio planktonic growth rates and V. parahaemolyticus biofilm formation. Therefore, pH effects must be added to the Vibrio growth modeling efforts to better predict Vibrio risk in estuarine and coastal zones that can potentially experience the cooccurrence of Vibrio and harmful algal bloom outbreak events.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. E. Correa Velez
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - R. E. Leighton
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - A. W. Decho
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - J. L. Pinckney
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- School of the Earth, Ocean and EnvironmentUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
| | - R. S. Norman
- Department of Environmental Health SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
- NIEHS Center for Oceans and Human Health and Climate Change InteractionsUniversity of South CarolinaSCColumbiaUSA
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