Social support enhances the mediating effect of psychological resilience on the relationship between life satisfaction and depressive symptom severity

Longitudinal bidirectional association between psychosocial function and depression in Chinese patients with clinically remitted depression: a cross-lagged panel model analysis

BACKGROUND

Major depressive disorder (MDD) imposes serious effect on patient's psychosocial function, which hinders the full recovery from the disease and increases the risk of recurrence, although the participants had achieved clinical remission. To understand the relationship between psychosocial function and depressive symptoms could facilitate recurrence prevention. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relation among psychosocial function and BDI score in Chinese patients with clinically cured depression within 1 year follow-up.

METHODS

One hundred nineteen valid participants were assessed at baseline(t1), months 6(t2) and months 12(t3). Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to assess depressive symptoms and indicate the possibility of depression level. Generic Quality of Life Inventory (GQOLI) was used to assessed the participants' psychosocial function(F), including body function (BF), psychological function (PF) and social function (SF). The application of a cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) approach revealed an association between BDI and psychosocial function.

RESULT

The CLPM results showed total average score of psychosocial function have reciprocal influence on BDI score. The model analyzed by structural equation modeling satisfied all indices of goodness-of-fit (chi-square = 10.306, TLI = 0.959, CFI = 0.988 RMSEA = 0.115). And body function, psychological function, social function and BDI score also affect each other. Depressive symptoms and psychosocial function could predict scores of each other 6 months later. By comparing standardized cross-lagged path, only social function has a more pronounced impact on depressive symptoms, since the absolute effect of SFt1 → BDIt2 is larger than that of BDIt1 → SFt2 (a1 vs. b1 = -.267, SE = .108, P < 0.05, 95%CI[-.485,-.063]) and the absolute effect of SFt2 → BDIt3 is larger than that of BDIt2 → SFt3 (a2 vs. b2 = -.317, SE = .096, P < 0.01,95%CI[-.508,-.129]).

CONCLUSION

The current study showed a significant bidirectional association between depressive level and psychosocial function, and the social function exerted more effect on the depression.

Resilience and meaning-centered coping as mediators in the relationship between life satisfaction and posttraumatic outcomes among earthquake survivors in Turkey

This study aimed to examine the mediating roles of resilience and meaning-centered coping in the relationships between life satisfaction and posttraumatic growth and depreciation. The sample consisted of 255 participants (70% females, Mage = 23.35), who directly experienced the earthquakes that occurred in Turkey on February 6, 2023. Using an online survey, participants answered self-reported questions about their perceived life satisfaction, posttraumatic growth, depreciation, resilience, and meaning-centered coping. Findings showed that life satisfaction significantly predicted resilience, meaning-centered coping, and posttraumatic depreciation. Resilience and meaning-centered coping significantly predicted both posttraumatic growth and depreciation. Importantly, resilience and meaning-centered coping significantly mediated the association of life satisfaction with posttraumatic growth and depreciation. In conclusion, the findings of this study have important implications for customizing interventions designed to enhance the resilience and coping mechanisms of individuals dealing with traumas, including those with posttraumatic stress disorder.

Psychological Resilience and Trait Anxiety as Mediators in the Relationship Between Perceived Family Social Support and Life Satisfaction Among Youth

PURPOSE

This study examines the impact of perceived family social support on youth life satisfaction, focusing on the mediating roles of psychological resilience and trait anxiety.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A cross-sectional quantitative research design was employed, collecting data from 626 participants via an online survey. A convenience sampling method was used. Analyses, including confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) path analysis, were conducted using SPSS 24 and AMOS 24 software.

RESULTS

The findings indicate that perceived family social support positively influences psychological resilience and life satisfaction while reducing trait anxiety. Psychological resilience lowers trait anxiety; however, its direct effect on life satisfaction is insignificant. Trait anxiety, on the other hand, negatively affects life satisfaction and acts as a mediator between perceived family social support and life satisfaction. Additionally, psychological resilience plays an indirect role in the effect of perceived family social support on life satisfaction through trait anxiety.

DISCUSSION

The results suggest that perceived family support enhances resilience and reduces anxiety among youth, contributing to greater life satisfaction. These findings underscore the complex interplay between these variables and highlight the mediating roles of psychological resilience and trait anxiety.

CONCLUSION

This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that perceived family support enhances life satisfaction by strengthening psychological resilience and reducing trait anxiety. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of fostering family-based support systems to promote youth well-being.

Long-Term Moderating Effect of Resilience Capacity on the Impact of Stressful Life Events on Depressive Symptoms After 6 Years in Outpatients With Depression and/or Anxiety

ABSTRACT

Previous cross-sectional studies have utilized scales to explore potential indications of the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between stressful life events (SLEs) and mental health. However, there remains a notable dearth of psychometrically driven models in longitudinal resilience research, especially concerning the prognosis of individuals with affective disorders and/or anxiety. This study aimed to investigate whether baseline resilience capacity, measured by the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, could mitigate the impact of SLEs on depressive symptoms assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II among 66 outpatients with depression and/or anxiety disorders during a follow-up period ranging from 4-8 years. Hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that baseline resilience capacity significantly moderated the effect of SLEs on depressive symptoms at the end point, but neither SLEs nor baseline resilience capacity was significantly correlated with depressive symptoms at the end point after controlling for potential confounders. Patients with higher levels of baseline resilience capacity showed fewer depressive symptoms in response to SLEs. These findings underscore the potential of resilience capacity as a promising target for therapeutic interventions.

Social Support and Social Adjustment Among Chinese Secondary School Students: The Mediating Roles of Subjective Well-Being and Psychological Resilience

Purpose

Within the scope of secondary education, social adjustment among students signifies their ability to effectively engage in social activities and adapt to shifting social environments. Extensive research across diverse geographical and sociocultural landscapes has demonstrated a positive correlation between social support and social adjustment; nonetheless, the specific mechanisms that facilitate this correlation among secondary school students remain largely unexplored. This study examines the roles of subjective well-being and psychological resilience as potential mediators in the connection between social support and social adjustment.

Participants and Methods

To achieve this, a descriptive correlation design was employed with four measures, including Social Support Scale, Social Adjustment Diagnosis Scale, Adolescent Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, and the Chinese version of Mental Toughness Inventory (MTI). A total of 1537 valid responses from secondary school students across Zhejiang province (China) were collected, of which 786 were boys (51.1%) and 751 girls (48.9%), with average age of 16.89 years (SD = 0.79).

Results

This research demonstrates that social support, along with subjective well-being and psychological resilience, significantly and positively influences social adjustment. It was observed that both subjective well-being and psychological resilience, whether occurring simultaneously or in succession, partially mediate the influence of social support on social adjustment.

Conclusion

The implications of this research suggest that enhancing social adjustment among secondary school students can be achieved by increasing their levels of social support, thereby boosting subjective wellbeing and fortifying psychological resilience. Within the environment of secondary schools, augmenting social support leads to improved social adjustment; furthermore, enhancing subjective wellbeing and reinforcing psychological resilience are crucial for supporting students' positive adaptation to dynamic social environments. Teachers and educational policymakers could implement training programmes, provide psychological counselling, and bolster home-school collaboration as strategies to foster better social adjustment among students.

The impact of mind-body exercise on the quality of life in older adults: the chain mediation effect of perceived social support and psychological resilience

Background

With the intensification of the global aging trend, there is a contradiction between the extended lifespan and the decline of physiological functions among the older adult. It has become a global consensus to focus on and improve the quality of life for the older adult. Mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) play a crucial role in promoting the quality of life for older adults, but the mechanisms and mediating effects are not yet clear.

Objective

This study examines the impact of mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) on the quality of life in older adults, with a particular focus on exploring the chain mediating effects of perceived social support and psychological resilience.

Methods

This study is a cross-sectional study that surveyed 1,087 older adults participating in mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) in 13 districts of Beijing, China, from March 25 to May 3, 2024. The Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to measure mind-body exercise, perceived social support, psychological resilience, and quality of life, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0, and mediation effects were tested and effect analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling (AMOS) and the Bootstrap method.

Results

The study results show that mind-body exercises (Tai Chi, Ba Duan Jin, Yi Jin Jing) are significantly and positively correlated with the quality of life in older adults (r = 0.549, p < 0.01). The path coefficients for the relationships mind-body exercise → perceived social support (β = 0.46, p < 0.001) → psychological resilience (β = 0.20, p < 0.001) → quality of life in older adults (β = 0.39, p < 0.001) are significant, indicating that perceived social support and psychological resilience have a chain mediating effect between mind-body exercise and the quality of life in older adults.

Conclusion

Mind-body exercises not only improve the quality of life for older adults but also indirectly enhance it by strengthening perceived social support and psychological resilience. This study provides significant reference for developing health intervention strategies targeted at older adults, suggesting that promoting mind-body exercises can improve their sense of perceived social support and psychological resilience, thereby increasing their quality of life.

Alternation of psychological resilience may moderate mentalization toward mental health conditions from macro- and microstructure aspects

OBJECTIVE

We aim to investigate the interplay between mentalization, brain microstructure, and psychological resilience as potential protective factors against mental illness.

METHOD

Four hundred and twenty-six participants (mean age 40.12±16.95; 202 males, 224 females), without psychiatric or neurological history, completed assessments: Dissociative Process Scale (DPS), Peace of Mind (PoM), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA), and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) structures with selected regions of interest, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) maps from various tracts in the right hemisphere and connection to the frontal areas, including anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), Cingulum (hippocampus) (CH), Corticospinal tract (CST), Superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), Inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and Uncinate fasciculus (UF) were analyzed.

RESULTS

Two clusters, representing hypomentalization (HypoM) and hypermentalization (HyperM), were identified based on DPS, CPSS, and RFQ responses. One-way ANOVA showed no significant age or gender differences between clusters. The HypoM group exhibited lower PoM scores, higher BDI and BAI scores, and lower RSA scores (ps< 0.05). Structural brain metric comparison showed significant differences in GMV in the right caudal middle frontal gyrus (rcMFG), right superior frontal gyrus (rsFG), and right frontal pole (rFP) between groups. In addition, the HyperM individuals with a higher risk of depression and a higher ratio of intrapersonal to interpersonal factors of resilience were found with reduced GMV on the rcMFG. Additionally, analyses of DTI metrics revealed significant differences between two groups in rATR and rSLF in terms of fractional anisotropy (FA) values; rATR, rCST, rUF, rSLF, rCH and rIFOF in terms of mean diffusivity (MD) values, and radial diffusivity (RD) (corrected p = 0.05). Moreover, the positive correlation between different domains of resilience and white matter (WM) integrity implied further enhancement of intrapersonal or interpersonal resilience factors that are different for people with different mentalization.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings underscore the importance of considering both intrapersonal and interpersonal factors in understanding the interactions between psychological resilience and mental health conditions relevant to brain mechanisms.

How grit mediates depressive symptoms with life and job satisfaction in full-time employed adults with congenital heart disease

BACKGROUND

Technological advancements have extended the lifespan of individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD), but physical and mental health issues can affect their life and job satisfaction.

AIMS

This study examined whether grit can protect full-time employed adults with CHD from depression by exploring its mediating role between depressive symptoms and life or job satisfaction.

METHODS

A cross-sectional design involved 181 adults with CHD assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire, Grit-10, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction at Work Scale. Data analysis was conducted with SPSS and Smart PLS software for partial least squares structural equation modeling, adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.

RESULTS

Indicated that depressive symptoms were negatively correlated with grit, life satisfaction, and job satisfaction, while grit was positively correlated with both satisfaction measures. Grit partially mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and life/job satisfaction, accounting for 30.70 % and 29.11 % of the variance, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Grit significantly mitigates the negative impact of depressive symptoms on life and job satisfaction in full-time employed adults with CHD. Nurses should identify signs of depression in adults with CHD and evaluate their grit levels. Interventions to increase grit and reduce depressive symptoms could enhance life and job satisfaction.

Inconsistency in psychological resilience and social support with mental health in early adolescents: A multilevel response surface analysis approach

BACKGROUND

Given the high prevalence of adolescent mental health problems, promoting understanding and implementation of protective factors is crucial for prevention and intervention efforts addressing adolescent mental health problems. This study aims to investigate whether consistency and inconsistency in protective factors are associated with adolescent mental health problems and to inform adolescent mental health interventions that target the unique needs of adolescents and promote adolescent mental health.

METHODS

We used multistage cluster sampling to conduct psychological resilience, social support, and mental health questionnaires from April to June 2023 among 10,653 Chinese adolescents (52.3 % were boys). Data were analyzed using polynomial regressions with response surface analysis.

RESULTS

The higher levels of psychological resilience and social support in adolescents were associated with fewer mental health problems (anxiety: a1 = -1.83, P < 0.001; depression: a1 = -2.44, P < 0.001; and perceived stress: a1 = -1.20, P < 0.001). When the level of psychological resilience was greater than social support, the greater the discrepancy the higher the perceived stress among adolescents (a3 = 1.19, P < 0.001). Moreover, the consistency of psychological resilience and social support had a greater impact on girls' mental health (anxiety: a1 = -1.97, P < 0.001; depression: a1 = -2.71, P < 0.001; perceived stress: a1 = -1.23, P < 0.001).

LIMITATIONS

The cross-sectional study design limited the inference of causal relationships between variables.

CONCLUSIONS

These results emphasize that adolescents need a balanced development of protective factors and targeted intervention programs for different mental health problems.

Prevalence and Risk by Age and Sex of Sleep Dysregulation and Depressive Episodes in Bipolar and Depressive Disorders in a Community Survey in Sardinia, Italy

Background/Objectives: Sleep disturbances often accompany mood disorders and persistent insomnia after mood symptoms have resolved may be a marker of poor outcome. The association between sleep symptoms and mood disorders seems to change with age and sex. This study aims to assess the frequency of depressive episodes and sleep disorders in the general population through an agile screening questionnaire and to evaluate the association of depressive episodes and sleep symptoms by sex and age categories. Methods: 774 women and 728 men from Sardinia aged > 16 years old were enrolled. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was administered through a computer-assisted telephonic interview. Results: The frequency of depressive episodes was double in women (10.6% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (17.4%). The frequency of sleep dysregulation was double in women (18.7% vs. 9.6%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (35.9%) and the lowest in the group of men > 75 yo. The group of young males showed the lowest frequency of depressive episodes (1.4%) and a frequency of sleep dysregulation (9.1%) similar to that of the other groups of age and sex. Sleep dysregulation without depressive episodes presented a higher distribution in the elderly, both in males (20.7%) and in females (18.5%). No significative differences were found across sex and age groups in the distribution of depressive episodes without sleep dysregulation. Conclusions: The use of an agile screener such as PHQ9 in the general population and/or in populations at risk can be a valuable tool in finding those individuals in whom sleep dysregulation may represent an early warning signal, one that may be thoroughly evaluated to identify and treat possible sleep disorders early.

Does Helping Others Always Benefit Health? Longitudinal Evidence on the Relationship between Helping Behavior and Depression: The Mediating Role of Life Satisfaction and the Moderating Effect of IADL

Background

This study aims to explore whether helping behavior is always beneficial for alleviating depression or if there is a "moderation is the key" effect.

Materials and Methods

This study focused on a sample of 7,436 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to identify the presence of depression. Linear mixed model and Quasi-Bayesian estimation methods were used to explore the mediating role of life satisfaction in the relationship between helping behavior and depression, as well as the moderating effects of the instrumental activity of daily living (IADL). Additionally, we employed the Johnson-Neyman technique to visualize the moderating effect of IADL.

Results

Helping behavior shows a negative correlation with depression (B = -0.170, p = 0.020), where life satisfaction fully mediates this relationship (effect = -0.055, 95% confidence interval = -0.088 to -0.022). Moreover, the association between helping behavior and life satisfaction is moderated by IADL (B = -0.047, p < 0.001). Specifically, when IADL is below 0.56, helping behavior positively impacts life satisfaction. In contrast, when IADL exceeds 1.99, helping behavior has a detrimental effect on life satisfaction.

Conclusions

This study highlights the significant positive impact of helping behavior on depression alleviation, which is achieved by increasing life satisfaction. Notably, although helping behavior has positive effects on individuals, not everyone can benefit directly from it. Only those without functional limitations are more likely to experience the benefits of such behavior. Therefore, when policymakers and researchers develop strategies to encourage individuals in helping behavior to combat depression, they should consider two key approaches. First, life satisfaction should be used as an important indicator in the treatment of depression, allowing for timely adjustments to ensure the effectiveness and individualization of treatment plans. Second, the principle of "moderation is the key" should be prioritized, ensuring that helping behavior can maximize its benefits and help individuals emerge from the shadows of depression.

The Influence of Social Dynamics on Biological Aging and the Health of Historically Marginalized Populations: A Biopsychosocial Model for Health Disparities

Historically marginalized populations are susceptible to social isolation resulting from their unique social dynamics; thus, they incur a higher risk of developing chronic diseases across the course of life. Research has suggested that the cumulative effect of aging trajectories per se, across the lifespan, determines later-in-life disease risks. Emerging evidence has shown the biopsychosocial effects of social stress and social support on one's wellbeing in terms of inflammation. Built upon previous multidisciplinary findings, here, we provide an overarching model that explains how the social dynamics of marginalized populations shape their rate of biological aging through the inflammatory process. Under the framework of social stress and social support theories, this model aims to facilitate our understanding of the biopsychosocial impacts of social dynamics on the wellbeing of historically marginalized individuals, with a special emphasis on biological aging. We leverage this model to advance our mechanistic understanding of the health disparity observed in historically marginalized populations and inform future remediation strategies.

Does categorizing scale scores with cutoff points affect hypothesis-testing results?

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis test results after categorizing the scale scores with cut-off points and to assess whether similar results would be obtained in that best represent the categories.

METHODS

This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 15 and 20, 2023 via the Lime Survey. The questionnaire included questions about the sociodemographic and life characteristics of the participants and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II). Four groups (minimal, mild, moderate, severe depression) were formed using the cutoff points. Data analysis was performed with all participants and referred to as the conventional analysis group. Then, six subanalysis groups were determined to best represent the groups formed according to the BDI-II. In each BDI-II category, six subanalysis groups were created, including those between Q1-Q3 (IQR group), including those within ± 1 std, including those between 5p-95p (90% of the sample), including those between 2.5p-97.5p (95% of the sample). In addition, 100 different samples were randomly selected containing 50% of each group.

RESULTS

Of the 1950 participants, 84.7% (n = 1652) were female and 15.3% (n = 298) were male. In terms of depression, it was observed that the significance varied in the analysis groups for sex (p = 0.039), medication use (p = 0.009) and age (p = 0.010) variables. However, these variables were not significant in some of the subanalysis groups. On the other hand, a p < 0.001 value was obtained for income, physical activity, health perception, body shape perception, life satisfaction, and quality of life variables in terms of depression in the conventional analysis group, and it was seen that the significance continued in all subanalysis groups.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings showed that variables with p < 0.001 in the conventional analysis group maintained their significance in the other analysis groups. In addition, as the p value got closer to 0.05, we observed that the significance changed according to different cutoff points in the analysis groups. In addition, 50% randomly selected samples support these results. At the end of our study, we reached results that support the necessity of secondary tests in the evaluation of scales. Although further studies are needed, we anticipate that our study will shed light on other studies.

Mediating the Role of Perceived Social Support Between Frailty and Self-Perceived Burden in Elderly Patients with Diabetes

Objective

To explore the mediating effects of perceived social support between frailty and self-perceived burden (SPB) in elderly patients with diabetes and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing that burden.

Methods

A total of 169 elderly patients with diabetes who were hospitalised in the endocrinology department of a third-class hospital in Wuxi between May 2020 and July 2022 were included in this study using the convenience sampling method. Patients were assessed by the general information questionnaire, the Chinese version of the Tilburg frailty inventory (TFI), the Self-Perceived Burden Scale (SPBS) and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). The SPSS 22.0 software was used for Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Model four of the SPSS PROCESS was used for mediating the effect analysis.

Results

The SPBS of elderly patients with diabetes was positively correlated with the TFI (P < 0.01) and negatively correlated with the PSSS (P < 0.01). The results of the Bootstrap test showed that the mediating effect of the PSSS on the relationship between the TFI and the SPBS in elderly patients with diabetes was 0.296 (95% CI: 0.007, 0.066), and the mesomeric effect accounted for 17.3% of the total effect.

Conclusion

The debilitation of elderly patients with diabetes can be reduced by decreasing their SPB through perceived social support. This can be achieved through comprehensive interventions by nurses.

Influence of biopsychosocial factors on self-reported anxiety/depression symptoms among first-generation immigrant population in the U.S

BACKGROUND

Despite increasing studies on mental health among immigrants, there are limited studies using nationally representative samples to examine immigrants' mental health and its potential biopsychosocial contributing factors, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. We explored and estimated the influence of life satisfaction, social/emotional support, and other biopsychosocial factors on self-reported anxiety/depression symptoms among a nationally representative sample of first-generation immigrants in the U.S.

METHODS

We conducted a secondary data analysis using the 2021 National Health Interview Survey among first-generation adults aged ≥ 18 years (n = 4295). We applied survey weights and developed multivariable logistic regression model to evaluate the study objective.

RESULTS

The prevalence of daily, weekly, or monthly anxiety/depression symptoms was 10.22% in the first-generation immigrant population. There were 2.04% daily, 3.27% weekly, and 4.91% monthly anxiety/depression among the population: about 8.20%, 9.94%, and 9.60% experienced anxiety symptoms, whereas 2.49%, 3.54%, and 5.34% experienced depression symptoms daily, weekly, and monthly, respectively. The first-generation population aged 26-49 years were less likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly compared to those aged 18-25. Females (versus males) were more likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. Those who identified as gay/lesbian had higher odds of experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly compared to heterosexual persons. Relative to non-Hispanic White individuals, non-Hispanic Asian, Black/African American, and Hispanic individuals had lower odds, while other/multi-racial/ethnic groups were more likely to experience anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. A higher life satisfaction score was associated with lower odds of experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly. Having social/emotional support sometimes/rarely or using healthcare within the past one/two years was associated with experiencing anxiety/depression daily, weekly, or monthly.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings reveal significant burden of anxiety and depression among first-generation population in the U.S., with higher risks among subgroups like young adults, females, sexual minorities, and non-Hispanic White and other/multi-racial individuals. Additionally, individuals with lower life satisfaction scores, limited social/emotional support, or healthcare utilization in the past one or two years present increased risk. These findings highlight the need for personalized mental health screening and interventions for first-generation individuals in the U.S. based on their diversity and health-related risks.

Development and initial validation of the Mount Sinai Resilience Scale

OBJECTIVE

The construct of psychological resilience has received increasing attention in the mental health field. This article describes the development and initial validation of a novel self-report resilience scale, which addresses gaps in the resilience measurement literature by assessing thoughts and behaviors that help promote resilience rather than traits, and simultaneously evaluating multiple factors previously associated with resilience.

METHOD

Following consensus meetings focused on scale development, we conducted an online study (n = 1,864) of U.S. adults to develop and validate an initial version of the Mount Sinai Resilience Scale (MSRS).

RESULTS

An exploratory factor analysis in a random 50% of the sample suggested a seven-factor solution; this solution was then generally supported by a follow-up confirmatory factor analysis in the remaining 50% of the sample. After removing poor-fitting items, a revised 24-item scale correlated in the expected directions with established measures of perceived resilience and resilience-related constructs (e.g., social support and optimism).

CONCLUSIONS

Collectively, the results of this study provide initial support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the MSRS and describe its factor structure. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

The interplay among individuals' distress, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion: A study using network analysis

The reduction of social interactions through non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) has been shown to effectively curb COVID-19 transmission. However, these control measures were often accompanied by changes in people's daily routines and constraints on their activity space, which could lead to mental distress (i.e., anxiety and depression). This study examined the interplay among individuals' anxiety, depression, daily activities, and perceptions of COVID-19 and neighborhood cohesion. Taking Hong Kong as an example, an online survey (N = 376) was conducted to collect data from participants between March 14 to May 11, 2022. The data include respondents' self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms, daily activities (e.g., smartphone use), perceptions of COVID-19 (e.g., the possibility of infecting COVID-19), and perceptions of neighborhood cohesion. Using network analysis, we found that excessive smartphone use, life disturbance by COVID-19, and a community with people getting along well with each other were significant factors associated with participants' anxiety and depression. Using critical path analysis, we observed that NPIs reduced human mobility, led to delayed bedtime, and increased smartphone use, which were associated with participants' mental distress. We also found that NPIs and COVID-19 were associated with people's perceptions of infection and the severity of COVID-19 and human mobility flexibility, which may further lead to mental distress. Our results also demonstrated that people with high education levels were vulnerable. These results provided important insights for designing appropriate interventions without generating deleterious impacts on people's mental health in the future.

Subjective Well-Being in Cancer Patients: The Roles of Social Support, Purpose in Life, Resilience, and Informativeness

The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive and negative experiences, and prosperity) and various psychosocial factors (social support received from family members and partners, purpose in life, resilience and information) in cancer patients and to examine the possibility of predicting components of subjective well-being based on these mentioned factors in cancer patients. A total of 338 adult cancer patients from Croatia participated in the study (41.1% male and 58.9% female). To measure the constructs, the Diener Subjective Well-Being Scale, the Social Support Scale at work and in the family, the Purpose in Life Scale, the Short Resilience Scale, and the EORTC-QLQ information questionnaire were used. Results showed a high level of life satisfaction and prosperity, as well as more frequent positive compared to negative experiences. A medium to high level of social support received from family members and from the partner was determined. High levels of purpose in life and medium levels of resilience and information were found. A high correlation was found among the components of the construct of subjective well-being, and a low to medium correlation among the predictors. Positive associations were found between the criteria of life satisfaction and prosperity with psychosocial factors. Negative associations were established between the positive/negative experience variables and the factors. Furthermore, the purpose in life was determined as an important predictor of all three components of subjective well-being, social support (both sources) as important for predicting life satisfaction, resilience for experiencing positive and negative experiences, and social family support for predicting the prosperity of cancer patients.

Factors associated with changes in psychological resilience of older adults with mild cognitive impairment during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction

Psychological resilience is an indicator of mental health, but there has been no research to date on changes in psychological resilience among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) during the stress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic including factors related to those changes. To fill the gap, this study examined the factors and the changes in psychological resilience of older adults with MCI during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

One hundred thirty participants completed the 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10) between December 2020 and June 2021 as a baseline assessment and between December 2021 and February 2022 as a follow-up. Participants also answered questions on sleep quality, depression symptoms, activities in daily living (ADL), instrumental ADL and social participation to explore factors associated with changes.

Results

In this cohort, the mean CD-RISC-10 scores were significantly higher than the baseline at follow-up (p < 0.05), indicating the improvement of psychological resilience. In multiple regression analyses, sleep quality was significantly correlated with change in CD-RISC-10 score (coefficient = 3.94, 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 6.78).

Discussion

Psychological resilience could improve even during the stress of the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults with MCI who were at risk of developing dementia. The factor associated with improved psychological resilience was good sleep quality.