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Gökay GD, Görürgöz C, Kılınç A. Effect of morality or capitalist ideology in choosing dentistry as a career in Türkiye: a cross sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2024; 24:274. [PMID: 38481265 PMCID: PMC10935895 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05275-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have provided important findings on the profession of dentistry and the motivators for choosing dentistry. This study has attempted to contribute to this accumulation by using a sociocultural perspective and interpreting the relationships among motivators from this perspective in a large Turkish sample. The aim of this study was to investigate what motivates dental students to choose dentistry as a career in Türkiye. METHODS First-year dental students from different dental schools were included in a descriptive cross-sectional study. The questionnaire included sections covering demographics, motivators and career satisfaction. A total of 919 students from 29 different state dental schools and four private dental schools participated. Descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and standard deviations were used to summarize the sociodemographic information and the distribution of the motivators. Factorial analysis was carried out for the structural status of the questionnaire items. The relationships between the motivators were analyzed using Pearson's correlation. RESULTS Among the 919 students, 64.2% were female, and 35.8% were male. Half of them chose dentistry after seeing their higher education institution's examination results, while the other half had already considered it a career during their preuniversity years. Communicating with people, artistic skills, and helping others were the main motivators for students to choose dentistry as a career in Türkiye, and students' overall career satisfaction was moderately high. The strongest correlations were between communication with people and benefits (r =.74), between communication with people and helping others (r =.71), between communication with people and artistic skills (r =.66), between artistic skills and benefits (r =.69), between artistic skills and helping others (r =.65), between dental experience and benefits (r =.51), between dental experience and helping others (r =.50), and between benefits and helping others (r =.71). CONCLUSION Helping others, artistic skills, communicating with people, and benefits were the most important factors motivating dental students to choose a career, and positive relationships were detected between these four factors. This information may help to develop more effective career guidance and mentorship strategies for dental students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonca Deste Gökay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye.
| | - Cansu Görürgöz
- Department of Dentomaxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
| | - Ahmet Kılınç
- Department of Science Education, Faculty of Education, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye
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Kontaxis KL, Esfandiari S. Social Justice Education in Dentistry: A Qualitative Analysis and Conceptual Framework. JDR Clin Trans Res 2023; 8:123-130. [PMID: 35139670 PMCID: PMC10026157 DOI: 10.1177/23800844211072778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social justice, empathy, and social responsibility are emerging themes in dentistry. Many dental faculties have started incorporating these concepts into their curriculum, but our knowledge of the effectiveness of these initiatives remains limited. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to understand how students and educators perceive the role of social justice education, if any, in the undergraduate dentistry program. METHODS This qualitative study was performed by using semistructured interviews with students, professors, and clinical faculty at the Université de Montréal dental school from January to May 2020. Eighteen participants were recruited through purposeful sampling until saturation. The interviews were recorded and transcribed integrally. They were coded with QDA Miner 5.0 (Provalis). Thematic analysis was undertaken to elucidate emerging themes via qualitative methodology. RESULTS Five themes emerged from the results. Certain students were more inclined to be interested in social justice and participate in voluntary community-based activities. There were gaps in current teaching methods, including a lack of exposure to alternative treatment plans (e.g., extractions vs. endodontic treatments) better suited to patients' financial or social situations. Some barriers to teaching were identified, the most important being a lack of time. Desired teaching of social justice would include increased awareness and active student participation and taking responsibility to motivate action to produce social change. The application of social justice in dentistry involves care that is accessible and adapted to a patient's individual needs. CONCLUSION The results of this study provide valuable insight for the development of a social justice education curriculum in dentistry that can be evaluated and validated to train socially competent dentists who can provide patient-centered care to the community. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT The results of this study can be used by dental educators and administrators who are looking to incorporate social justice education into their dental school undergraduate curriculum. The findings serve as a starting point to foster discussions and inspire change to reduce inequalities within the dental health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Kontaxis
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - S Esfandiari
- Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Pfarrwaller E, Voirol L, Karemera M, Guerrier S, Baroffio A. Dynamics of career intentions in a medical student cohort: a four-year longitudinal study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:131. [PMID: 36849901 PMCID: PMC9972700 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04102-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students' career intentions often change between matriculation and graduation, yet little is known about the precise timing and dynamics of individual students' career decisions. This study expands on previous research by exploring the stability of individual students' career intentions over four years and by analyzing associations between unstable career intentions and students' characteristics. METHODS Medical students from two classes were recruited into a cohort during their first academic year and completed a yearly survey over a four-year period (end of pre-clinical curriculum to graduation). Measures included career intention (specialty and practice type), personality, coping strategies, empathy, and motives for becoming a physician. The authors developed a score ranging from 0 to 10 quantifying instability of career intentions (0 = stable; 10 = unstable). The distribution of the score was analyzed descriptively, and the association between the score and other variables was quantified using a stepwise beta regression model. RESULTS The sample included 262 students (61% females). The mean score was 3.07 with a median of 3. 18% of students (N = 46) did not change their specialty intention over the four years, whereas 10% (N = 26) changed every year. No further subgroups were identified between these extremes. An intention to work in private practice in year 3 and the motive care for patients were significantly associated with more stable career intentions. CONCLUSION Most students are situated on a continuum between the two extremes of being firmly committed and undecided. Extrinsic factors may be more important drivers of these fluctuations than personal characteristics and should be explored in future research. This study's findings also provide avenues for supporting students in their career decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pfarrwaller
- University Institute for Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211 Genève 4, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Lionel Voirol
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mucyo Karemera
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baroffio
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Ellakany P, Aly NM. Career satisfaction amongst dental students and dentists in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional survey. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2023; 27:144-148. [PMID: 35132747 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dental students' satisfaction with their own career can significantly improve the quality of care provided to patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the level of career satisfaction amongst Saudi dental students and dentists. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted from October 2019 to January 2020 all over Saudi Arabia. A sample of 750 Saudi dental students and dentists were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of two sections of closed-ended questions. The first section included personal, professional background factors and level of career satisfaction assessed. The second section included different reasons for choosing dentistry as a career. Multivariable linear regression was used at significance <0.05. RESULTS Only 674 responded to the questionnaire. About half of the included respondents were males. Most of the participants were undergraduate students attended Saudi dental schools. 72.3% chose dentistry for helping other people. Graduated dentists had significantly lower satisfaction score than dental students (p = .007). Dentists, who chose dentistry because it is a secured job with good income (p < .001), had significantly lower satisfaction score than those who did not, whilst those who chose it for the social status had significantly higher satisfaction score than those who did not (p = .04). CONCLUSION Dental students and dentists were motivated to choose dentistry as it is an opportunity to help others and achieve good salary with appropriate social position in community. Dental students were more satisfied than dentists due to lack of financial responsibilities and absence of educational expenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Khanfar AN, Alshrouf MA, Albandi AM, Odeh QB, Hammad NH, Abu Jbara FK, AlRyalat SA. Career Regret and Health-Related Quality of Life among Medical Students: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION AND CURRICULAR DEVELOPMENT 2023; 10:23821205231219428. [PMID: 38116492 PMCID: PMC10729643 DOI: 10.1177/23821205231219428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medical students have a lower quality of life (QoL) when compared to the general population. This lower QoL is associated with multiple factors such as burnout and depressive symptoms. QoL can be reflected in the degree of career satisfaction and career regret. We aim to study the prevalence of career regret in Jordanian medical students and its association with QoL and other related factors. METHODS This national cross-sectional study consisted of an anonymous online survey distributed to medical students enrolled in all six Jordanian medical schools over a period of 6 weeks. A validated tool was used to assess QoL and students were asked a series of questions related to their career satisfaction and career regret. RESULTS A total of 544 medical students completed the survey. The mean age was 21.5 ± 1.63 years (range 17-29), with 45.6% being males. The overall mean physical health score was 45.9 ± 5.17, and the overall mean mental health score (mental component summary (MCS)) was 42.04 ± 5.52. 76.3% of students have regretted studying medicine, citing stress as the main reason. There was a significant relation between the year of study and the percentage of career regret. Additionally, mean MCS was significantly lower in students who were frequently or always thinking about dropping out of medical school. DISCUSSION The high percentage of career regret and the low mental QoL in Jordanian students are alarming findings, highlighting an underlying source of psychological distress in Jordanians. This calls for further investigations into the psychological health of medical students, as well as interventions to prevent the development of consequences that can impact both students and their future patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qusai B. Odeh
- School of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Nouran H. Hammad
- Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Feakes A, Lindsay N, Palmer E, Steffens P. Altruism or self-interest in tomorrow's veterinarians? A metric conjoint experiment and cluster analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1044463. [PMID: 37089402 PMCID: PMC10113617 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1044463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Altruism is considered a trait of veterinary and other health professionals, but the level of altruism in the veterinary profession is unknown. We designed a metric conjoint experiment to reveal other-orientation (an individual's caring concern for the wellbeing of others) and self-interest. We draw on the 'Theory of Other-Orientation', which states that individuals' decision-making heuristics can be impacted by their other-orientation independent of their self-interest. In patient-focused contexts, highly other-oriented or altruistic (veterinary) professionals may care too much for others and suffer immediate or cumulative financial and personal costs of such caring. At the same time, other-orientation can enhance job-related attitudes and outcomes, such as job satisfaction. Methods In a metric conjoint experiment, Australian final-year veterinary, science, nursing, entrepreneurship, and engineering students rated eight job scenarios with orthogonally arranged high and low levels of three job characteristics (n = 586) to provide observed measures of other-orientation and self-interest. Results A two-way MANOVA showed other-orientation or self-interest differed per discipline, but not gender. Veterinary (and engineering) respondents were less other-oriented than nursing respondents. Veterinary (and entrepreneurship) respondents were more self-interested than nursing respondents. K-Means cluster analysis confirmed four distinct profile groupings-altruistic/self-sacrificing, 'both other-self', self-interested and selfish-aligning with the discourse in the literature. Human nursing respondents stood out for the most members (50%) in the 'both other-self' profile compared to veterinary respondents (28%). Respondents of one of three veterinary schools stood out for the most members (19%) in the altruistic/self-sacrificing group. Discussion Our metric conjoint experiment illustrates an alternative to 'self-report' items with Likert-scaled responses. Our finding of the 'both other-self' group adds to the literature, which considers that other-orientation and self-interest are separate constructs that are difficult to co-exist in individuals. This mix of traits is deemed helpful by organizational psychology scholars, for sustainability and wellbeing, especially for healthcare professionals involved in high-frequency and intense, patient-focused interactions. Our findings highlight the need for more research on the potential role of other-orientation and self-interest in veterinary school admissions processes, the hidden or taught curricula, job-related attitudes and beliefs, and wellbeing and professional sustainability in the veterinary sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Feakes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA, Australia
- Entrepreneurship Commercialisation and Innovation Center, Adelaide Business School, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Economics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Adele Feakes
| | - Noel Lindsay
- Adelaide Business School, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Economics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Edward Palmer
- School of Education, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Economics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Paul Steffens
- Entrepreneurship Commercialisation and Innovation Center, Adelaide Business School, Faculty of Arts, Business, Law and Economics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Gameraddin M, Al-sultan K, Salih S, Gareeballah A, Hasaneen M, Alomaim W, Omer A. Factors Influencing Undergraduate Students' Preference of Health Sciences Specialties. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:1351-1358. [PMID: 36304980 PMCID: PMC9596231 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s377344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is necessary to determine what motivates students to pursue a particular specialty of their choosing to maintain a balance of medical practitioners from various disciplines. OBJECTIVE The study aims to assess factors influencing undergraduate students of Applied Medical Sciences in choosing a specialty or discipline. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among first-year students of the faculty of applied medical sciences at Taibah University. One hundred and twenty-five participants were enrolled in the study. The students were asked to respond and complete the designed 9-item questionnaire. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (BM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.) was used to analyze the data. A comparison between departments of the faculty was carried out. RESULTS 125 participants were satisfied with their current faculty or discipline. They stated that medicine was the first choice (43.2%), followed by clinical nutrition (11.2%), dentistry (8%), diagnostic radiology (7.2%), and clinical laboratory (5.6%). The most important factors that affect students' choice of discipline were helping patients and the community (32.8%), personal desire (30.4%), personal desire and helping patients (22.4%), and job opportunity and prestige (9.5%), with gender variations. Family enforcement and finances were less frequent factors affecting students' specialty preferences. CONCLUSION The human medicine specialization was the first choice for most female and male undergraduate students who entered the faculty of applied medical sciences. Furthermore, the most influencing factor affecting students' choices was helping patients and the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawia Gameraddin
- Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Al-sultan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Salih
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Awadia Gareeballah
- Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Hasaneen
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wijdan Alomaim
- Radiology and Medical Imaging Department, Fatima College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Awatif Omer
- Department of Diagnostic Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Alsharif WM, Alyami JH, Qurashi AA, Aljuhani RA, Alqrafi RK, Alraddadi RS, Alhojeli EA, Aldahery ST, Alshamrani KM, Alshoabi SA, Suliman AG. The Motivational Factors of Choosing Diagnostic Radiology as a Profession Among Saudi Radiography Students. ADVANCES IN MEDICAL EDUCATION AND PRACTICE 2022; 13:955-967. [PMID: 36042949 PMCID: PMC9420412 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s374194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify factors influencing Saudi students to choose radiography as their academic major and future career field. MATERIAL AND METHOD This study involved quantitative (online questionnaire) and qualitative (semi-structured interview) approaches. An online questionnaire was distributed among (n = 308) students. The questionnaire contained 30 questions covering the following three domains: economy, vocational and personal. A total of 25 individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with purposive sampling of radiography students in seven universities (public and private) across the western region of Saudi Arabia. Interview responses were coded, and main themes were extracted based on Miles and Huberman's framework. RESULTS The findings demonstrated that radiography was the first option as profession for 44% of the study participants. Several factors that study participants considered important were in the realm of patient care, helping patients, radiographer-patient relations, science-based profession, and the desire to work in the healthcare system. A few participants (14%) reported that they are planning to change their profession to another medical speciality. Four themes were identified from the interviews: 1) Profession decision-making, 2) changing career", 3) difficulties and challenges, and 4) recommended radiography as a profession. CONCLUSION The results of the study support the need to bridge the gap between high school, universities, and employment through a collaborative network to assist students in exploring their career path by providing sufficient information and experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M Alsharif
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber H Alyami
- Diagnostic Radiology department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Qurashi
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad A Aljuhani
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan K Alqrafi
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan S Alraddadi
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elaf A Alhojeli
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shrooq T Aldahery
- Applied Radiologic Technology, College of Applied Medical Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alshamrani
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of the National Guard - Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan A Alshoabi
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awadia G Suliman
- Diagnostic Radiology Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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Daud A, Matoug-Elwerfelli M, Du X, Ali K. A qualitative enquiry into dental students' perceptions of dentistry as a career choice in the State of Qatar. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:452. [PMID: 35690749 PMCID: PMC9188034 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Career choice is a complex, multifaceted process affecting all aspects of life. Motivational factors of aspiring dentists are crucial to inform institutions and aid with the admission process. The aim of this study was to explore undergraduate dental students' perceived motivation for their career choice in the first dental institution in the State of Qatar to bridge the gap in knowledge in this area. METHODS Homogeneous purposive sampling technique was employed to collect data from all year 2 and year 3 undergraduate dental students to gain a deeper insight into their motivation of career choice. An explorative qualitative method using face-to-face focus group sessions were utilized. All focus groups were conducted in English and contained a moderator and observer. A topic guide was used to ensure data collection standardization. Participants' views were recorded and filed notes obtained. Data was transcribed and analysis performed utilizing an inductive thematic approach. RESULTS A total of 34 students (89.5%) from year 2 and 3 participated in the focus groups. Data analysis revealed six main themes emerging from this study namely; altruism and patient care, family influence factors, childhood aspirations, hands-on practical skills, professional and social status, and the opportunity to reconsider and transfer. Based on frequency, altruism, opportunities to learn hands-on practical skills and professional status appeared to be the main drivers influencing students' choice of dentistry as a professional career. CONCLUSION This qualitative study presents the first national study providing insightful information regarding current undergraduate dental students' decision process in relation to their profession selection, and shows that opportunities to provide patient care seems to be the key to motivation. There was also a strong inclination towards performing hands-on practical tasks as a dentist, and developing a professional status. Interestingly, financial reward did not feature as a motivational factor in this study. The study highlights the influence of socio-cultural and economic factors on choosing dentistry as a career. This data could help dental institutions better understand future applicant's motivations to join dentistry and assist with the academic recruitment/admission process and targeting students with a potential to excel in the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Daud
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Xiangyun Du
- Aalborg UNESCO Center for Problem-Based Learning, Department of Planning, Aalborg University, Rendsburggade 14, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kamran Ali
- College of Dental Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Dentistry as a professional career: the views of London's secondary school pupils (2011-2017). Br Dent J 2022; 232:396-406. [PMID: 35338293 PMCID: PMC8956506 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To explore young people's perceptions of dentistry as a potential future career, including features which would attract or deter them from wanting to become dentists and the perceived influences on these views. Methods Purposive sampling of London schools was undertaken. Exploration of academically-able, science-minded young people's (aged 14-18 years) perceptions of dentistry as a potential career was achieved through a series of focus groups conducted at various types of school in the Greater London region (13 focus groups and 91 students). A topic guide, informed by the literature and previous research, explored the perceived motivating and demotivating factors and associated influences, identified by these pupils, on studying dentistry at university. Data were analysed using framework methodology. Results Multiple factors were identified by London secondary school pupils that would attract them to dentistry. Pull factors were: 1) science-based; 2) status and security - extrinsic rewards; 3) structure of service provision; 4) career opportunities; 5) social interactions; 6) personal skills and care - intrinsic rewards; and 7) being a vocational degree. Push factors away from the career included lack of diversity within the job and the 'negative image' of dentists, with medicine having greater social status and more varied career options. Individual and wider influences on pupils' perceptions included their personal experience with dentistry, social and community networks, the school environment, as well as system and societal level influencers. Conclusions These findings suggest that a wide range of influences determine teenagers' perceptions of a dental career. Pupils in London schools report similar features of dentistry as being attractive as dental students, as well as its importance as a vocational degree, and although dentistry appears to lack status and profile when compared with medicine, it may be more acceptable in relation to its lifestyle. Individual sociodemographic characteristics and wider environmental factors may influence the relative importance of these features. Provides a greater understanding of the features of a career in dentistry that attract/deter young people to/from this career early in their decision-making process. Explores how these perceptions may be influenced by individual characteristics. Describes the importance of the environmental context in influencing these perceptions.
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Khalaf ME, Abubakr NH, Alenezi H, Ziada H. The motivation and confidence in choosing dentistry as a career amongst dental students: A mixed-methods study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2022; 26:66-75. [PMID: 33512771 PMCID: PMC9290698 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An insight into students' motivation and confidence in the choice of entering and remaining in dental education is essential. The understanding of how choices are made can help universities in the planning of admission policies. This study aimed to evaluate the career choice influences, motivation and confidence in the choices made into dental education. METHODS A mixed-method design was employed, using both quantitative and qualitative data. One hundred seventy-three questionnaires were distributed to all registered dental students, with a response rate of 85%. The questionnaire explored students' demographics and factors that influenced their career choice. Seven focus groups were facilitated with related data recorded and transcribed verbatim. RESULTS The quantitative data revealed the desire to help others, and socioeconomic factors were influential, whilst for parents' influence, the mother's influence was statistically significant. Qualitatively, results converged and complemented quantitative data; there was a balance between helping others and socioeconomic and familial influences. There was an increase in confidence in the choice made as students advanced in their dental education. The results indicate that informed awareness of the dental programme structure is essential before embarking on a dental career. CONCLUSIONS The factors that impacted on choice were helping others, socioeconomic factors and the influence on choice from family. They were generally satisfied with their choice and were confident in the choice they made. This confidence, however, was not reflected until the more advanced clinical stages of their dental education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai E. Khalaf
- Department of General Dental PracticeFaculty of DentistryKuwait UniversityJabriyaKuwait
| | - Neamat H. Abubakr
- Department of Biomedical SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevadaUSA
| | - Hanadi Alenezi
- Department of General Dental PracticeFaculty of DentistryKuwait UniversityJabriyaKuwait
| | - Hassan Ziada
- Department of Clinical Dental SciencesSchool of Dental MedicineUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNevadaUSA
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Pfarrwaller E, Voirol L, Piumatti G, Karemera M, Sommer J, Gerbase MW, Guerrier S, Baroffio A. Students' intentions to practice primary care are associated with their motives to become doctors: a longitudinal study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2022; 22:30. [PMID: 35016672 PMCID: PMC8750802 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical schools can contribute to the insufficient primary care physician workforce by influencing students' career preferences. Primary care career choice evolves between matriculation and graduation and is influenced by several individual and contextual factors. This study explored the longitudinal dynamics of primary care career intentions and the association of students' motives for becoming doctors with these intentions in a cohort of undergraduate medical students followed over a four-year period. METHODS The sample consisted of medical students from two classes recruited into a cohort study during their first academic year, and who completed a yearly survey over a four-year period from their third (end of pre-clinical curriculum) to their sixth (before graduation) academic year. Main outcome measures were students' motives for becoming doctors (ten motives rated on a 6-point scale) and career intentions (categorized into primary care, non-primary care, and undecided). Population-level flows of career intentions were investigated descriptively. Changes in the rating of motives over time were analyzed using Wilcoxon tests. Two generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate which motives were associated with primary care career intentions. RESULTS The sample included 217 students (60% females). Career intentions mainly evolved during clinical training, with smaller changes at the end of pre-clinical training. The proportion of students intending to practice primary care increased over time from 12.8% (year 3) to 24% (year 6). Caring for patients was the most highly rated motive for becoming a doctor. The importance of the motives cure diseases, saving lives, and vocation decreased over time. Primary care career intentions were positively associated with the motives altruism and private practice, and negatively associated with the motives prestige, academic interest and cure diseases. CONCLUSION Our study indicates that career intentions are not fixed and change mainly during clinical training, supporting the influence of clinical experiences on career-related choices. The impact of students' motives on primary care career choice suggests strategies to increase the attractivity of this career, such as reinforcing students' altruistic values and increasing the academic recognition of primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pfarrwaller
- University Institute for Primary Care (IuMFE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland.
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Lionel Voirol
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Piumatti
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Public Health, Faculty of BioMedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Mucyo Karemera
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Johanna Sommer
- University Institute for Primary Care (IuMFE), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - Margaret W Gerbase
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Guerrier
- Research Center for Statistics, Geneva School of Economics and Management, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Faculty of Science, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baroffio
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mehta A, Siddiqui M, Sultan A, Juneja A. Career Intentions, Choices, and Motivation of Undergraduate Dental Students toward Dentistry. ARCHIVES OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/amhs.amhs_61_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Zarghi N, Sarabadani J, Amirchakhmaghi M, Nik Z, Motlagh M. Applying the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) tool on action on professionalism in dental education in Iran and applying in a cross-sectional study. Dent Res J (Isfahan) 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.363535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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15
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Amos K, McCarthy Veach P, Wagner C, Czerwinski J, Murphy L, Mork M, Singletary CN. Influence of genetic counselor medical history on specialty and psychosocial practice in North America. J Genet Couns 2021; 31:663-676. [PMID: 34826351 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A personal or family medical history is inherently part of a genetic counselor's life story. Yet, the degree to which this history influences counselors' clinical specialty choice and professional psychosocial practice is unexplored. A medical diagnosis may foster capacity for greater empathy, understanding, and rapport-building self-disclosure. Conversely, it could lead to disruptive countertransference, compassion fatigue, and eventually burnout. Research, however, has not specifically investigated this intersection. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of genetic counselors' personal and/or family medical history on choice of practice area and self-perceived impact on their psychosocial work within sessions. Members of the National Society of Genetic Counselors were recruited to complete an online screening survey. Of the 69 survey respondents that met inclusion criteria, 23 volunteered for and completed a telephone interview. Interview questions explored counselors' medical narratives and their consequent influence on specialty choice and clinical interaction with patients. Inductive analysis yielded nine domains within three major themes: Medical Story, Specialty Impact, and Psychosocial Influence. Participants were more likely to be attracted to a specialty possessing overlap with their medical history and attributed many of their psychosocial strengths to personal and/or family medical experiences, such as increased empathy or a more expansive scope in how they cared for patients. Many counselors, however, noted their medical history did not frequently influence their clinical practice, with most initially denying or downplaying use of self-disclosure about their history. Contradictory to their statements, the majority gave at least one example of self-disclosure, whether indirect, prompted, or direct. Importantly, almost all participants named or demonstrated countertransference. This study highlights that while medical history can be a valuable asset in providing care for patients, it requires a genetic counselor's diligent attentiveness and commitment to honest self-reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Amos
- Duke Adult Cardiovascular Genetics Clinic, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Wagner
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA.,Gene Matters LLC, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Czerwinski
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren Murphy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA.,Invitae Corporation, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maureen Mork
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Clinical Cancer Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Claire N Singletary
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.,McGovern Medical School at UTHealth, Houston, Texas, USA
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16
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Karagir A, Khairnar MR, Adaki S, Dhole RI, Patil MC, Ingale A. Assessment of the factors influencing dental students to choose dentistry as a career: A cross-sectional survey. Indian J Dent Res 2021; 32:153-157. [PMID: 34810381 DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_407_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Career choice, one of the most important process in a student's life, has an influence on his/her future life. Hence, it is important to understand student's motives behind choosing a specific career. Hence, the study was designed with an aim to evaluate the factors influencing dental students to choose dentistry as career. Methods The present cross-sectional survey was conducted on 401 dental students from a dental institute. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of 13 reasons that possibly influenced students' decision to study dentistry. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS 20 software. Results Majority of the students participating were female (77.1%). Top four reasons to choose dentistry as a profession were to help poor people (95.5%), to earn prestige and respect (95.0%) followed by self-interest (94.7%) and study of human parts especially teeth (92.8%). Making money was the reason reported by 77.8% of the students. Other reasons reported were inspiration from other dentists (63.3%), did not get admission to medicine (MBBS) course (52.1%), and no doctor in family (51.9%). Family members in medical/dental profession was the least reported reason (36.9%). There were no significant differences among males and females for reported reasons except for one reason, that is, did not get admitted to medicine (MBBS) course (60.9% male and 48.9% female; P = 0.031). Conclusion Students were mostly influenced by own interest and altruistic nature to opt for dental profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Karagir
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh Ravindra Khairnar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Sciences, IMS, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shridevi Adaki
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rohit Ishwar Dhole
- Department of Prosthodontics, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Madhuri C Patil
- Department of Oral Pathology, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amritha Ingale
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, AECS Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Pullishery F, Alhejoury HA, Ahmed TH, Allugmani WA, Alrowaily GS, Aljohani DD, Alshehab BA. Perception of Dental Students on Gender Preferences in Career Choice, Plans, and Expectations in Dentistry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S821-S825. [PMID: 34447208 PMCID: PMC8375878 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_803_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gender-based preferences are common in dental practice and maybe even more prevalent in academic dentistry. A large number of females have been entering the practice of general dentistry for the past two decades. The present study was done to assess dental students' perception of gender preferences in dentistry using a questionnaire in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted using a pretested questionnaire among dental interns pursuing their internship at different dental schools in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaires were distributed to 482 interns who were willing to participate in the survey. All the responses were collected, tabulated, and analyzed accordingly using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Four hundred and eighty-two dental interns (180 males and 302 females) responded to the survey. Most female interns (68%) prefer female patients for their treatments to the opposite gender. Seventy-five percent of the male interns felt more capable than females to handle stress and workload associated with branches such as prosthodontics, surgery, and implantology. 52.1% felt that female students fared well in academics. Conclusion: The present study shows that more females are taking up this profession in the current situation. It also shows that females are as competitive as males in dentistry and that most of the dental interns want to take up postgraduation after completion of the course. Both males and females are given equal working space and respect in this field of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Pullishery
- Department of Community Dentistry and Research, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Wolf TG, Otterbach EJ, Zeyer O, Wagner RF, Crnić T, Ilhan D, Campus G. Influence of Oral Health Care Systems on Future Career Environment of Dental Students in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:8292. [PMID: 34444041 PMCID: PMC8393998 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18168292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Oral healthcare is organized subsidiarily and independently by nation states in Europe and also within the EU and consequently, major differences between the nation states and the various oral healthcare systems in Europe are present. The socialization in the respective catchment area can have an impact on the job choice and the perception of employment opportunities of different professional groups. Therefore, the purpose of this survey was to elucidate the influence of different oral healthcare systems on students living or studying in the respective catchment area. A questionnaire (in English, French, German, Italian, and Spanish) with 18 different components was administered. Data on gender, age, country of origin, university, semester, nationality, expected time of graduation, and forecast for future professional practices were gathered. In addition, 3851 students participated (2863 f/988 m). The sample distribution was uneven with predominantly Bismarckian and Southern European System participants. The National oral health care system was statistically significantly linked (p < 0.01) to the ownership period of a dental practice. Students in Bismarckian and Nordic systems tended to find their own practice earlier than in the Beverdigian system or Southern European and Transitional-East European systems. An association between the oral health care system and vocational training was inhomogeneous, but also significantly different (p < 0.01). The majority (47.51%, n = 1555) would like to work in their own practice, 18.95% (n = 621) want to establish a practice with two or more owners. It was striking that no student would like to work in the investor practice/practice chain of both Nordic, Beveridgian and Transitional-East European countries systems (p < 0.01). The oral health care system in which a dental student grows up/resides/studies influences the career choice/perception of future professional practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gerhard Wolf
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- FVDZ Free Association of German Dentists, 53177 Bonn, Germany; (E.-J.O.); (T.C.)
| | | | - Oliver Zeyer
- SSO Swiss Dental Association, 3000 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ralf Friedrich Wagner
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Association of Statutory Health Insurance Dentists North Rhine (KZV Nordrhein), 40237 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tin Crnić
- FVDZ Free Association of German Dentists, 53177 Bonn, Germany; (E.-J.O.); (T.C.)
- EDSA European Dental Students’ Association, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Duygu Ilhan
- Periodontology Department, School of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Beykoz, İstanbul 34810, Turkey;
- Turkish Dental Association (Türk Dişhekimleri Birliği), Ckurambar, Ankara 06530, Turkey
| | - Guglielmo Campus
- Department of Restorative, Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland; (R.F.W.); (G.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Microsurgery and Medicine Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Sassari, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
- School of Dentistry, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
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19
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Kaersgaard JLB, Christensen MK, Søndergaard PY, Naukkarinen J. Gender differences in dentistry: A qualitative study on students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for entering dentistry at higher education. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2021; 25:495-505. [PMID: 33188531 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Having a balanced gender distribution is thought to ensure the diversity of knowledge and know-how and take better into account the different needs in society. The aim of the study is to explore and understand possible gender differences in (a) the students' motivational spectrum to choose a dental education and (b) their prospect of a professional career in dentistry. METHODS We conducted in-depth interviews with male and female dental students (n = 14) followed by a theoretical reading based on Self-Determination Theory to explore the students' intrinsic and extrinsic motivations for entering dentistry in Denmark. RESULTS Regardless gender, the dental students are motivated by role models, people orientation and strong interest in health sciences, but prefer dentistry to medicine, because of the responsibilities and working conditions. They were also motivated by the dental school's combination of theory and practice in students' learning of craftsmanship. Moreover, students valued the prospect of job security and a good work-life balance. However, there were markedly gender differences in motivation in relation to financial incentives as well as working life and career as a dentist, as it seemed that dental students needed gendered relatedness in relation to specialisation and employment in public versus private sector. CONCLUSION The motivational spectrum varies widely, regardless of gender. In line with the standpoint feminist theory, a balanced gender distribution in dental education helps to meet the different needs in society and labour market. Consequently, a gender-sensitive recruitment strategy reflecting the gender differences in identities, knowledge and interests will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Johanna Naukkarinen
- School of Energy Systems, Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
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20
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Mohebbi SZ, Gholami M, Chegini M, Ghoreyshi Y, Gorter RC, Bahramian H. Impact of career choice motivation on academic burnout in senior dental students: A cross-sectional study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 33446199 PMCID: PMC7807807 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02475-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motivation triggers all human activities including learning and lack of career motivation can lead to decreased efficiency. This study assessed the association between academic burnout and career choice motivation in senior dental students. METHODS This cross-sectional study was performed on senior dental students of all four dental schools in Tehran in 2017. Dental students voluntarily filled out a 33-item questionnaire that comprised three sections. The first section included the Burnout Clinical Subtype Questionnaire (BCSQ-SS) with 12 questions addressing academic burnout. The second section consisted of 8 questions about career choice motivation, and the third section concentrated on 13 questions dealing with demographics. The individual scores of each section and the total scores were reported. The factor analysis of 8 questions about dental career choice motivation yielded 3 factors of social status and security, altruism, and others' advice motivations. The data were analyzed using regression test. RESULTS Totally, 131 students filled out the questionnaire (response rate = 86%). The total score of academic burnout was 38.89% ± 1.13%. The highest and the lowest burnout scores belonged to the domains of "overload" (46.69%± 1.46%) and "neglect" (31.98%± 1.32%), respectively. The most and the least frequently mentioned source of motivation for choosing dentistry were high income and failing to enter other fields, respectively. The burnout score was higher in students with altruism motivations (P = 0.007) and lower in students with others' advice motivations (P = 0.004). The burnout score was higher in students with inadequate or moderate financial support from the family and lower in students whose mothers' educational level was high-school diploma or lower. CONCLUSION Senior dental students in Tehran encountered different levels of academic burnout. In the present study, low financial support and altruism as career choice motivations were associated with higher level of academic burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Z Mohebbi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdia Gholami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Chegini
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Ghoreyshi
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ronald C Gorter
- Department of Dental Educational Research / Oral Radiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hoda Bahramian
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Piumatti G, Abbiati M, Baroffio A, Gerbase MW. Empathy trajectories throughout medical school: relationships with personality and motives for studying medicine. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2020; 25:1227-1242. [PMID: 32095990 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-020-09965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Empathy remains a widely discussed topic within medical education research. Studies on empathy changes among medical students are not univocal: empathy may decline, remain stable or increase. A largely unexplored research question regards inter-individual variability in empathy change, namely if different longitudinal trajectories of empathy exist. Evidence on the association of empathy trajectories with personality and motives for studying medicine is also scarce. Here, latent growth modeling examined empathy (measured with the Jefferson Scale of Empathy) among 201 medical students (Mage = 20.74, 57% females) across three assessments: at entry year (Year 1) and during the first two clinical years (Years 4 and 5). Associations between empathy trajectories, personality in Year 1 and motives for studying medicine in Years 4 and 5 were tested. We identified two empathy trajectory groups: lower and decreasing (n = 59; 29%) and higher and stable (n = 142; 71%). Regression analyses indicated that higher openness in Year 1 was associated with an increased probability of higher and stable group membership (controlling for motives in Year 1). The effect of openness disappeared controlling for motives in Years 4 and 5 while caring for patients (in Years 4 and 5) and altruism (in Year 4) were positively associated with an increased probability of higher and stable group membership. In sum, we observed that empathy remains stable in most medical students and declines in fewer; openness and patients-oriented motives for studying medicine are associated with higher and stable empathy. Encouraging medical students' patients-oriented motives from preclinical throughout clinical years may prevent empathy decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piumatti
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Centre Médical Universitaire, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
- Population Epidemiology Unit, Primary Care Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Milena Abbiati
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Centre Médical Universitaire, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baroffio
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Centre Médical Universitaire, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Margaret W Gerbase
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Centre Médical Universitaire, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Nikolovska J, Eaton KA, Kenig N, Hysi D, Petricevic N. Motivation to Follow a Career in Dentistry of Students in Three South-East European Countries. Acta Stomatol Croat 2020; 54:175-185. [PMID: 32801377 PMCID: PMC7362731 DOI: 10.15644/asc54/2/8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate and compare the factors that motivated students to study dentistry in countries with similar background (Albania, Croatia and the Republic of Northern Macedonia) and to assess whether or not their motivation changed during time. Material and methods In 2014/2015, cross-sectional studies were conducted in state funded dental schools in Tirana (Albania), Zagreb (Croatia) and Skopje (Macedonia) to assess student views on their career motivation. All dental students from the first, third and final years of study were invited to participate. The participation was voluntary and anonymous. A five-item questionnaire was translated into languages of the participating countries. Ethics approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Skopje. The Chi square test was used to test if there were statistically significant differences in answers between students in 3 countries, furthermore between years of the study. Results The total number of respondents was 739 (319 in Tirana, 211 in Zagreb and 208 in Skopje) The differences in the answers between the first-year students from all three countries were statistically significant (χ2=82.65; p<.01). The most striking answer was to the question on parents' pressure to study dentistry, which was far more frequent in Tirana (up to 27.7%). A "positive image" was the most frequent response from students from Zagreb (up to 79.7%), but it declined from the first to the final year in Skopje. There were also significant differences between the schools within the 3rdand final years of study. Conclusions A positive image of dental profession was the main reason for students studying dentistry at all three schools; as many as 97% of the students of the final year in Croatia, a member of the European Union (EU). In the two non-EU countries (Albania, Macedonia) it seemed that dental profession does not have such good status and student expectations are not being fulfilled, especially in Skopje (up to 33.9% willing to change their vocation and up to 64.5% lost their motivation to study) One of the strategies to improve the situation could be to include more clinical practice and to better organize the study..
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Affiliation(s)
- Julijana Nikolovska
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Kenneth A Eaton
- Centre for Professional Practice, University of Kent, Medway Campus, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4AG, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolina Kenig
- Faculty of Philosophy, Institute of Psychology, University of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dorjan Hysi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine Tirana, Albania
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Motivations for a Career in Dentistry among Dental Students and Dental Interns in Kenya. Int J Dent 2020; 2020:1017979. [PMID: 32802057 PMCID: PMC7411455 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1017979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of factors have been cited as determinants for choosing a career in dentistry around the globe. The purpose of this study was to determine motivations for a career in dentistry among dental students and dental interns in Kenya. This was a cross-sectional study where 293 individuals participated by filling and returning self-administered questionnaires. The mean age of all respondents was 22.3 years. Overall, 59.5% of the respondents had selected dentistry as their preferred career at the end of high school. Majority (76.1%) of the respondents agreed that personal interest in dentistry was an important motivating factor for them. This was followed closely by a desire to help or serve people (74%), a desire for a flexible work schedule (63%), and an aspiration to be self-employed (61.8%). There was no difference between males and females regarding these as motivating factors. On the other hand, among factors that the respondents felt had the lowest influence on their choice of dentistry was parental influence, where only 22% of the respondents indicated that this was a motivating factor for them. Other potential motivating factors such as influence by friends and siblings (30.3%) as well as career talk and guidance (41.3%) were also ranked low. In general, the respondents indicated that they were motivated much more by personal and humanitarian factors, when compared to financial and societal factors.
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Sonkar J, Bense S, ElSalhy M. Factors affecting pre-doctoral dental students' selection of advanced dental education: A cross-sectional study. J Dent Educ 2020; 84:1388-1398. [PMID: 32686104 DOI: 10.1002/jdd.12343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Understanding the motivators and obstacles behind pursuing advanced dental education is essential in planning pedagogy, mentorship programs, and curricula that support dental students to achieve their future career goals. PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate factors influencing dental student's choice to pursue a postgraduate specialization at University of New England College of Dental Medicine with a focus on student personality. Factors examined include demographics, religious affiliations, prior education, dental experiences, expected debt, past career choices, beliefs about the process of specialization, and personality types. METHOD A total of 232 dental students (91.6% response rate) completed a self-administered questionnaire. About 21.6% of dental students intended to pursue a dental specialty while 38.8% wanted to pursue a nondental Masters' program. Approximately one-third of dental students were interested in practicing as general dentists or pursuing additional training in general dentistry. Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry were the top choices for dental specialization. RESULTS Being younger, having a dentist family member, nonwhite ethnicity, and having Extraverted and Sensing personality were found to be significant predictors of dental students' intention to pursue advanced dental education. Having a unique talent or skills, past exposure to dental treatments, family/peer expectations, geographic location of the residency program and its proximity to the family were the most identified factors while considering residency program. CONCLUSION Results in this study are consistent with previous literature and bring attention to the importance of understanding students' personality in teaching methodologies, mentorship and determining their future goals. The findings allow dental institutions to better prepare their predoctoral candidate for residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Sonkar
- Boston University Henry Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Spencer Bense
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Mohamed ElSalhy
- University of New England College of Dental Medicine, Portland, Maine, USA
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Kotani T, Sakuma T, Nakayama K, Iijima Y, Watanabe K, Isogai N, Akazawa T, Sato K, Asada T, Kishida S, Muramatsu Y, Sasaki Y, Ueno K, Katogi T, Minami S, Inage K, Shiga Y, Ohtori S. Patients majoring in a healthcare field after scoliosis surgery: Comparison with the national census in Japan. J Orthop Sci 2020; 25:394-399. [PMID: 31253389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although scoliosis surgery early in life may affect the career choice of the patient in favor of a healthcare field, no study has analyzed this relationship. We investigated the career paths of patients after scoliosis surgery. METHODS A total of 212 patients with scoliosis who underwent corrective surgery at 12-17 years of age were mailed a questionnaire, of whom 98 (mean age at survey: 21.0 ± 1.7, years) responded. Choice of study major was determined by the same questions used in the Japanese national census. RESULTS Of the 98 patients, 35% chose a career in healthcare compared with 11% of the general population of the same age, based on the national census. Healthcare was the most popular career choice of patients, whereas it ranked fourth according to the national census. Furthermore, 87% of patients reported that their decision to pursue a healthcare-related career was affected by their own medical experiences. Among the healthcare-related occupations, nursing ranked first, accounting for 35% of all healthcare professions chosen by the patients. Compared with patients who chose a non-healthcare career, those choosing a healthcare career decided on their study major at a significantly lower age. CONCLUSIONS One-third of patients with scoliosis who underwent spine surgery chose a career in a healthcare field. Furthermore, an earlier age at the time of making a career decision was a significant factor associated with choosing a healthcare career. These findings suggest that the patients' experiences in the hospital positively affected their future career paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Kotani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan.
| | - Tsuyoshi Sakuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Keita Nakayama
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Yasushi Iijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Kota Watanabe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University, School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Isogai
- Spine and Spinal Cord Center, International University of Health and Welfare, Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Akazawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Marianna University, School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Sato
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Asada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Shunji Kishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Yuta Muramatsu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Takehide Katogi
- Department of Rehabilitation, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Shohei Minami
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seirei Sakura Citizen Hospital, Sakura, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Inage
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shiga
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Seiji Ohtori
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Rahmayanti F, Irmagita A, Wardhany II, Gunawan B. Measurement of Oral Medicine Learning Motivation in Dental Students Using Indonesian Version of Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II). PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Ghotane SG, Challacombe SJ, Gallagher JE. Fortitude and resilience in service of the population: a case study of dental professionals striving for health in Sierra Leone. BDJ Open 2019; 5:7. [PMID: 31098298 PMCID: PMC6513870 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-019-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sierra Leone (SL), with a population of over 7 million people, has a critical health workforce shortage. This research explores the views of key players on population oral health needs and demands, the challenges of oral and dental care delivery, and professional careers in dentistry, in order to inform future capacity building. MATERIALS AND METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of key players in dentistry and healthcare, both in-country and externally. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used in exploring views of key-players on the oral needs and demands of population, challenges in the delivery of oral and dental care, professional careers of dental professionals in SL, and future workforce capacity building based on a topic guide drawn from the available literature. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, anonymised and analysed using QSR NVivo 10 for data management and reported in accordance to the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. RESULTS Twenty-one informants, of whom 18 were male, 17 were in-country and 16 were dental professionals, participated in the research. Dental professionals reported clear consensus on a considerable level of unmet oral health needs, most notably dental caries and periodontal disease, together with life threatening oral conditions such as osteomyelitis, Ludwig's Angina and Burkitt's Lymphoma. Challenges associated with the delivery of dental care revolved around five themes: patients' predisposition for traditional remedies and urgent care; practical hindrances to the delivery of care; professional isolation and weak governance; and place with pressing local crises and lack of political will. An emerging typology of dental professionals included: demonstrating loyalty to their nation and family; exhibiting resilience in challenging circumstances; embracing opportunity most notably amongst expatriates; and striving to serve the needs of the population. There was support for innovative future capacity building developments. CONCLUSION This paper provides important insights to the delivery of dental care in a low-income country with significant oral health needs and multiple challenges in the delivery of dental care, whilst also providing a vision for developing, building and retaining future human resources for oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnil G. Ghotane
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS UK
| | - Stephen J. Challacombe
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Floor 22, Guys Tower, Guys Hospital, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Jennifer E. Gallagher
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Denmark Hill Campus, Bessemer Road, London, SE5 9RS UK
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Piumatti G, Abbiati M, Baroffio A, Gerbase MW. Associations between motivational factors for studying medicine, learning approaches and empathy among medical school candidates. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2019; 24:287-300. [PMID: 30446851 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-018-9866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Previous research highlighted associations between students' motivation for medical studies and their learning approaches on the one hand and empathy on the other. Internal motivational factors for studying medicine (e.g., care for patients, save lives) coupled with a deep approach to learning have been positively related to empathy in contrast to external motivational factors (e.g., future earning potential, prestige) and surface learning. However, assessments of these assumptions among medical school candidates are scarce. This study examined the relationship between different motivational factors and empathy among students enrolled in a selection year in medicine by testing the mediating role of learning approaches. A sample of 572 candidates for medical studies answered a self-reported questionnaire half way through their selection year. Measures included internal and external motivational factors for studying medicine, deep and surface learning approaches and empathy. Path-analysis tested the mediation effects of deep and surface approaches to learning on the relationship of internal and external motivational factors with empathy. The deep learning approach partially mediated the significant positive association between internal motivational factors and empathy, while the surface learning approach fully mediated the significant negative association between external motivational factors and empathy. These results suggest that learning approaches could be a pathway by which internal and external motives for studying medicine are related to empathy among medical school candidates. Pedagogical strategies and educational environments accounting for individual differences in motivation and learning may contribute to training students to become professional and caring doctors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Piumatti
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneve, Switzerland.
| | - Milena Abbiati
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Anne Baroffio
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneve, Switzerland
| | - Margaret W Gerbase
- Unit of Development and Research in Medical Education (UDREM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1, rue Michel Servet, 1211, Geneve, Switzerland
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Al-Qahtani MF, Alanzi TM. Comparisons of the predictive values of admission criteria for academic achievement among undergraduate students of health and non-health science professions: a longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2018; 12:1-6. [PMID: 30588137 PMCID: PMC6305163 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s183651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The main objective of this study was to compare the predictive value of admission criteria for students’ grade point averages (GPAs) over a 3-year period for a cohort of students enrolled in health and non-health science professions during the 2012–2013 academic year at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU). Materials and methods This longitudinal, retrospective cohort study was conducted at eight colleges (four health and four non-health colleges) in IAU between December 2017 and February 2018. The high school grades, aptitude test scores, achievement test scores, and GPA scores over a 3-year period for students admitted during the 2012–2013 academic year at health and non-health colleges at IAU were used. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results Positive, significant correlations (P<0.01) were found between the three admission criteria and the annual GPA scores (r ranged from 0.192 to 0.499 and from 0.359 to 0.588) for both the health and non-health colleges. High school grades were the most significant predictor of annual GPAs (β=0.340, P<0.01 and β=0.374, P<0.01), followed by achievement test scores in both health and non-health fields of study, respectively. Aptitude test scores were not good predictors of GPAs for the health and non-health colleges. Conclusion High school grades are the most important predictor of student GPAs at health and non-health colleges. Changing the weighting criteria in our institution to place more emphasis on high school grades, as our findings indicate, should be considered during the admission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Faisal Al-Qahtani
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,
| | - Turki Mashhoor Alanzi
- Department of Health Information Management & Technology, College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Kabil NS, Allam GG, Abd El-Geleel OM. Motivational reasons for choosing dentistry as a professional career & factors affecting specialty choice among final year dental students. FUTURE DENTAL JOURNAL 2018; 4:308-313. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fdj.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Kfouri
- School of Dentistry and School of Public Health Federal University of Parana; Curitiba Parana Brazil
| | - Samuel J. Moyses
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences; Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná; Department of Public Health; Federal University of Parana; Curitiba Parana Brazil
| | - Simone Tetu Moyses
- Center of Biological and Health Sciences; Pontifical Catholic University of Parana; Curitiba Parana Brazil
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Bedos C, Apelian N, Vergnes JN. Social dentistry: an old heritage for a new professional approach. Br Dent J 2018; 225:357-362. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2018.648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Shaikh MA, Inglehart MR. Dental and Dental Hygiene Students’ Career Choice Motivations in 2009-17: A Mixed Methods Approach. J Dent Educ 2018; 82:848-856. [DOI: 10.21815/jde.018.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A. Shaikh
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Medicine; School of Dentistry, University of Michigan
| | - Marita R. Inglehart
- Department of Psychology; College of Literature, Science of Arts, University of Michigan
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Gnich W, Sherriff A, Bonetti D, Conway DI, Macpherson LMD. The effect of introducing a financial incentive to promote application of fluoride varnish in dental practice in Scotland: a natural experiment. Implement Sci 2018; 13:95. [PMID: 29996868 PMCID: PMC6042272 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-018-0775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Financial incentives are often used to influence professional practice, yet the factors which influence their effectiveness and their behavioural mechanisms are not fully understood. In keeping with clinical guidelines, Childsmile (Scotland's oral health improvement programme) advocates twice yearly fluoride varnish application (FVA) for children in dental practice. To support implementation Childsmile offered dental practitioners a fee-per-item payment for varnishing 2-5-year-olds' teeth through a pilot. In October 2011 payment was extended to all dental practitioners. This paper compares FVA pre- and post-roll-out and explores the financial incentive's behavioural mechanisms. METHODS A natural experimental approach using a longitudinal cohort of dental practitioners (n = 1090) compared FVA pre- (time 1) and post- (time 2) financial incentive. Responses from practitioners who did not work in a Childsmile pilot practice when considering their 2-5-year-old patients (novel incentive group) were compared with all other responses (continuous incentive group). The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) was used to measure change in behavioural mechanisms associated with the incentive. Analysis of covariance was used to investigate FVA rates and associated behavioural mechanisms in the two groups. RESULTS At time 2, 709 74%, of eligible responders, were followed up. In general, FVA rates increased over time for both groups; however, the novel incentive group experienced a greater increase (β [95% CI] = 0.82 [0.72 to 0.92]) than the continuous incentive group. Despite this, only 33% of practitioners reported 'always' varnishing increased risk 2-5-year-olds' teeth following introduction of the financial incentive, 19% for standard risk children. Domain scores at time 2 (adjusting for time 1) increased more for the novel incentive group (compared to the continuous incentive group) for five domains: knowledge, social/professional role and identity, beliefs about consequences, social influences and emotion. CONCLUSIONS In this large, prospective, population-wide study, a financial incentive moderately increased FVA in dental practice. Novel longitudinal use of a validated theoretical framework to understand behavioural mechanisms suggested that financial incentives operate through complex inter-linked belief systems. While financial incentives are useful in narrowing the gap between clinical guidelines and FVA, multiple intervention approaches are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Gnich
- Community Oral Health Section, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK.
| | - Andrea Sherriff
- Community Oral Health Section, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
| | - Debbie Bonetti
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, Dundee Dental Education Centre, Frankland Building, Small's Wynd, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK
| | - David I Conway
- Community Oral Health Section, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
| | - Lorna M D Macpherson
- Community Oral Health Section, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medicine, Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow, G2 3JZ, UK
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Was Pharmacy Their Preferred Choice? Assessing Pharmacy Students’ Motivation to Study Pharmacy, Attitudes and Future Career Intentions in Sierra Leone. HEALTH PROFESSIONS EDUCATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hpe.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Can motivations for studying dentistry inform us about gender and BME differences in dental academic careers? Br Dent J 2018; 222:13-15. [PMID: 28084350 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There are various motivators that prompt people to study dentistry but there is evidence that the salience of each varies according to gender and black and minority ethnic (BME) group. Given the current focus on inequality within the science, technology, engineering, medicine and mathematics (STEMM) academic disciplines where dentistry sits, it is important to understand the relevance of different motivators to different social groups if inequality is to be overcome. We carried out a survey of dental students from 11 out of the 18 dental schools in the UK to find out what prompted them to study dentistry. Our findings showed that most people make a personal choice to study dentistry and follow a patient-focused career while the prospect of an academic career was important for less than half of our sample. Differences according to gender and BME group were apparent but did not follow these trends. In order to continue to improve the diversity within dental academia dental schools should consider the different preferences of the workforce and work to broaden its potential.
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Woodward A, Thomas S, Jalloh MB, Rees J, Leather A. Reasons to pursue a career in medicine: a qualitative study in Sierra Leone. Glob Health Res Policy 2017; 2:34. [PMID: 29214222 PMCID: PMC5713049 DOI: 10.1186/s41256-017-0054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many low-income and crises-affected countries like Sierra Leone struggle with the recruitment and retention of their health professionals, particularly nurses and doctors. There are multiple factors that influence the ‘recruitment to retention’ pipeline. The first stage of an exploration into the issues influencing the availability of qualified health care workers may focus on the aspects which influence their entry into relevant educational programmes. This paper explores the reasons given by junior doctors in Sierra Leone for wanting to become a doctor. It also describes entry procedures into undergraduate medical education. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with purposively sampled junior doctors (n = 15) from the only medical school in Sierra Leone in October 2013. Digital diaries and two follow-up interviews were used to explore their evolving career experiences and aspirations until November 2016. In addition, semi-structured interviews with key informants (n = 20), including senior teaching staff at the medical school (n = 7), were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to explore linkages and themes across cases. Results Six themes were identified. The most commonly mentioned reasons for wanting to become a doctor were a desire to help (theme 4) and the influence of family and friends, via role modelling (theme 2) and verbal encouragement (theme 3). Other motives were an interest from a young age (theme 1), being attracted by the job prospects (theme 5), and having an intellectual and science capacity (theme 6). Junior doctors gave at least two and up to six reasons for applying to enter the medical profession. Doctors were allowed entry to the medical school largely based on their previous academic performance. Conclusions This study showed that multiple reasons underlie the decision to apply for entrance to medical school and the decision to enter medicine is complex. These findings may inform the review of future admission procedures by the medical school in Sierra Leone and similar settings, which is a crucial step in addressing the human resource needs for healthcare that currently exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniek Woodward
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, Division of Health & Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Suzanne Thomas
- King's Sierra Leone Partnership, King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, Division of Health & Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Bella Jalloh
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - John Rees
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, Division of Health & Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Leather
- King's Centre for Global Health and Health Partnerships, Division of Health & Social Care Research, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Neville P. An observational analysis of recent female dental enrolment figures in the Republic of Ireland. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DENTAL EDUCATION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION FOR DENTAL EDUCATION IN EUROPE 2017; 21:235-239. [PMID: 27061158 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE This research investigates the participation and completion rates of Irish female undergraduate dental students from 2003 to 2014. METHODS The Higher Education Authority database was accessed and dental students enrolment and completion figures were extracted, compiled and analysed according to gender distribution. RESULT From 2003 to 2014, there has been a steady increase in the number of female students enrolled in and completing Ireland's undergraduate dentistry programmes. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal that a distinct process of feminisation has occurred in Ireland since the early 2000s. The feminisation of dentistry in Ireland will impact on workforce projections for the Irish dental service. However, more research needs to be undertaken to explore why female students are motivated to pursue a career in dentistry. Due regard also needs to be given to ensuring these women progress in their dental career. Dental education can play an important role here.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Neville
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
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Wouters A, Croiset G, Isik U, Kusurkar RA. Motivation of Dutch high school students from various backgrounds for applying to study medicine: a qualitative study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e014779. [PMID: 28576893 PMCID: PMC5623448 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore high school students' motivation for applying to study medicine and the factors that influence this. To find explanations for under-representation of minority students in medical education, descriptions of motivation of students with different background characteristics were compared. DESIGN Qualitative phenomenological study using semistructured one-on-one interviews. SETTING One predominantly white and one mixed high school in a large multicultural city in the Netherlands. The study was conducted in March-December 2015. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-four high school students, purposively sampled for demographic characteristics. METHODS The analysis consisted of the coding of data using a template based on the motivation types (autonomous and controlled motivation) described by self-determination theory and open coding for factors that influence motivation. RESULTS The main reasons for pursuing a medical career pertained to autonomous motivation (interest in science and helping people), but controlled motivation (eg, parental pressure, prestige) was also mentioned. Experiences with healthcare and patients positively influenced students' autonomous motivation and served as a reality check for students' expectations. Having to go through a selection process was an important demotivating factor, but did not prevent most students from applying. Having medical professionals in their network also sparked students' interest, while facilitating easier access to healthcare experiences. CONCLUSIONS The findings showed a complex interplay between healthcare experiences, growing up in a medical family, selection processes and motivation. Healthcare experiences, often one of the selection criteria, help students to form autonomous motivation for studying medicine. However, such experiences as well as support in the selection process seem unequally accessible to students. As a result, under-represented students' motivation decreases. Medical schools should be aware of this and could create opportunities to acquire healthcare experiences. High schools could incorporate internships as part of their study counselling programmes and offer tailor-made guidance to each individual student.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Wouters
- VUmc School of Medical Sciences, Research in Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerda Croiset
- VUmc School of Medical Sciences, Research in Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ulviye Isik
- VUmc School of Medical Sciences, Research in Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rashmi A Kusurkar
- VUmc School of Medical Sciences, Research in Education, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- LEARN! Research Institute for Learning and Education, Faculty of Psychology and Education, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Liaw SY, Wu LT, Chow YL, Lim S, Tan KK. Career choice and perceptions of nursing among healthcare students in higher educational institutions. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2017; 52:66-72. [PMID: 28267629 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the ageing population and competition from other healthcare courses, a greater demand in the healthcare workforce has made it challenging for educational institutions to attract school leavers to enter nursing courses. Understanding the considerations of students who have chosen non-nursing healthcare courses and their perceptions of nursing can help identify specific strategies to enhance the attractiveness of nursing course. This study aims to examine the differences between healthcare career choices and perceptions of nursing as a career choice among first-year non-nursing healthcare students. METHOD A descriptive survey design was conducted at the beginning of the healthcare courses of seven healthcare groups and from four higher educational institutions in Singapore. A total of 451 students responded, yielding an overall response rate of 52.7%. The online survey was administered using a valid and reliable 35-item parallel scale, known as the Healthcare Career Choice and Nursing Career Choice. RESULTS The participants perceived prior healthcare exposure as the most influential factor and self-efficacy as the least influential factor when choosing nursing as a career. In comparison to their own healthcare career choices, nursing was perceived to have greater gender stigma and, as nurses, they would be less likely to achieve higher qualifications and career advancements, and they would be less likely to enjoy fulfilling careers. They also perceived that they would be less likely to gain their parents' support to pursue nursing and to make their parents proud. CONCLUSIONS This study provides educators and policy-makers with vital information to develop key strategies to improve nursing enrolment in educational institutions. These strategies include early exposure to nursing as a rewarding career during school years, addressing the issue of gender stigma, and promoting information on the career and educational advancement of a registered nurse to parents of school leavers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sok Ying Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ling Ting Wu
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Yeow Leng Chow
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Siriwan Lim
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Khoon Kiat Tan
- School of Health Sciences, Nanyang Polytechnic, Singapore.
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Halawany HS, Binassfour AS, AlHassan WK, Alhejaily RA, Al Maflehi N, Jacob V, Abraham NB. Dental specialty, career preferences and their influencing factors among final year dental students in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2017; 29:15-23. [PMID: 28270705 PMCID: PMC5324017 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate evolving trends in dental post graduate specialty preferences and career aspirations among final year dental students in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods A cross sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among final year dental students from seventeen universities in Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire enquired about socio-demographic details and the ranking of three of their best preferences among the list of specialties/general dentistry and career options. They were also enquired about their opinion regarding the total time required to become a dentist and their intention to go for further studies abroad. The questionnaire assessed factors influencing their choices using a 5 point Likert scale ranging from extremely important to not important. Binary logistic regression to examine the combined effect of several independent variables on the likelihood of choosing a dental specialization/general dentistry and career option were analyzed. Results The overall response rate was 64.6%. Restorative and Aesthetic Dentistry was the most preferred specialty (n = 98; 17.7%) followed by Endodontics (n = 78; 14.1%); Prosthodontics (n = 65; 11.7%) and Orthodontics (n = 63; 11.4%). The two most preferred careers were ‘Civilian dentist in public sector’ followed by ‘Academic services dentist’. Overall, students reported that the influence of family members in the dental profession, preference for private practice and specific interest in patient population as the most important factors in choosing a specialty/general dentistry. Intellectual content of the specialty was ranked the least important. On the other hand, the most important factors for choosing a career were variety of non-clinical duties, access to child care facilities and research opportunities. Conclusion The results of this study show the top preferred specialties and career choices which can be a baseline for establishing national policies and for the improvement of graduate programs. There seems to be a need to promote mentoring activities and provide guidance and encouragement to pre-doctoral dental students in selecting the most appropriate specialty within their capability domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Suliman Halawany
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Nassr Al Maflehi
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vimal Jacob
- College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Goel S, Angeli F, Singla N, Ruwaard D. Development and Validation of the Motivations for Selection of Medical Study (MSMS) Questionnaire in India. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164581. [PMID: 27997928 PMCID: PMC5173381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Understanding medical students’ motivation to select medical studies is particularly salient to inform practice and policymaking in countries—such as India—where shortage of medical personnel poses crucial and chronical challenges to healthcare systems. This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire to assess the motivation of medical students to select medical studies. Methods A Motivation for Selection of Medical Study (MSMS) questionnaire was developed using extensive literature review followed by Delphi technique. The scale consisted of 12 items, 5 measuring intrinsic dimensions of motivations and 7 measuring extrinsic dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), validity, reliability and data quality checks were conducted on a sample of 636 medical students from six medical colleges of three North Indian states. Results The MSMS questionnaire consisted of 3 factors (subscales) and 8 items. The three principal factors that emerged after EFA were the scientific factor (e.g. research opportunities and the ability to use new cutting edge technologies), the societal factor (e.g. job security) and the humanitarian factor (e.g. desire to help others). The CFA conducted showed goodness-of-fit indices supporting the 3-factor model. Conclusion The three extracted factors cut across the traditional dichotomy between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and uncover a novel three-faceted motivation construct based on scientific factors, societal expectations and humanitarian needs. This validated instrument can be used to evaluate the motivational factors of medical students to choose medical study in India and similar settings and constitutes a powerful tool for policymakers to design measures able to increase selection of medical curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Goel
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Federica Angeli
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Neetu Singla
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dirk Ruwaard
- Department of Health Services Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hanna LA, Askin F, Hall M. First-Year Pharmacy Students' Views on Their Chosen Professional Career. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:150. [PMID: 28090099 PMCID: PMC5221832 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe809150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To investigate what factors influenced students to study pharmacy and determine in which sector they hoped to gain employment, both in the short and longer term. Methods. First-year pharmacy students (n=124) were invited to complete a paper-based, self-administered questionnaire consisting of 4 sections. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests were conducted. Results. One hundred (96.8% response rate) students completed the questionnaire (22.5% male; 77.5% female). Key influential factors for choosing pharmacy included: enjoyment of science at school, a desire to improve people's health and wellbeing, and to work in health care. Career aspirations were to work in a hospital or in community practice rather than in industry or academia. Conclusions. Students choose pharmacy as a career primarily for altruistic and clinical reasons. This research provides information for pharmacy schools about the career aspirations of students and data from future pharmacists is potentially helpful to pharmacy professional organizations and potential employers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lezley-Anne Hanna
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Fergal Askin
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Hall
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Pharmacy, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
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Wu LT, Low MMJ, Tan KK, Lopez V, Liaw SY. Why not nursing? A systematic review of factors influencing career choice among healthcare students. Int Nurs Rev 2016; 62:547-62. [PMID: 26572517 DOI: 10.1111/inr.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A global shortage of healthcare professionals calls for effective recruitment and retention strategies. The nursing profession faces greater staffing shortages compared with other healthcare professions. Identifying these factors for choosing a career in health care is an important step in structuring future nursing recruitment strategies. AIM This systematic review examined the motivations for choosing a career in health care, then compared them to factors that influence the choice to pursue a career in nursing. METHODS A literature search of the CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases for articles published between 2002 and 2013 was conducted. The search included studies that focused on factors influencing career choice among undergraduate medicine, dentistry, pharmacy and nursing students. RESULTS A total of 29 papers were included in the review. The themes and subthemes that emerged from this review included: (1) intrinsic factors, including a desire to help others and a personal interest in health care, (2) extrinsic factors, such as financial remuneration, job security, professional prestige and job autonomy, (3) socio-demographic factors such as gender and socio-economic status, and (4) interpersonal factors, encompassing the influence of family and other professional individuals. DISCUSSION Healthcare professionals were generally motivated by intrinsic factors. However, public perceptions of nursing as a low-paying and low-status job have significantly hindered the participants' choice to pursue it as a career. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND/OR HEALTH POLICY Nursing institutions could provide more platforms to help school leavers better understand the nursing career. In turn, hospital administrators could invite parents to nursing career fairs, increase financial remuneration for nurses, and provide decision-making avenues aimed at recruiting and retaining more nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L T Wu
- National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - M M J Low
- National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - K K Tan
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Science, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Lopez
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Y Liaw
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Győrffy Z, Birkás E, Sándor I. Career motivation and burnout among medical students in Hungary - could altruism be a protection factor? BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2016; 16:182. [PMID: 27430960 PMCID: PMC4950634 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-016-0690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is a major issue among medical students. Its general characteristics are loss of interest in study and lack of motivation. A study of the phenomenon must extend beyond the university environment and personality factors to consider whether career choice has a role in the occurrence of burnout. METHODS Quantitative, national survey (n = 733) among medical students, using a 12-item career motivation list compiled from published research results and a pilot study. We measured burnout by the validated Hungarian version of MBI-SS. RESULTS The most significant career choice factor was altruistic motivation, followed by extrinsic motivations: gaining a degree, finding a job, accessing career opportunities. Lack of altruism was found to be a major risk factor, in addition to the traditional risk factors, for cynicism and reduced academic efficacy. Our study confirmed the influence of gender differences on both career choice motivations and burnout. CONCLUSION The structure of career motivation is a major issue in the transformation of the medical profession. Since altruism is a prominent motivation for many women studying medicine, their entry into the profession in increasing numbers may reinforce its traditional character and act against the present trend of deprofessionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Győrffy
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary.
| | - Emma Birkás
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
| | - Imola Sándor
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Square 4, Budapest, H-1089, Hungary
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Deumier L, Alliot-Licht B, Bouton-Kelly L, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Michaut C, Quilliot F, Guihard G. Factor analysis of a motivation questionnaire adapted to predoctoral French dental students. J Dent Sci 2016; 11:123-129. [PMID: 30894959 PMCID: PMC6395291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The motivations of dental students for their studies have largely been investigated in numerous countries using psychometric questionnaires. This is not the case in France since validated tools are still lacking. The aim of the present work was dedicated to the psychometric validation of a motivation questionnaire adapted for predoctoral French dental students. Material and methods The design corresponded to a monocentric study realized at the dental school of Nantes University, France. A 14-item questionnaire was translated into French and adapted for dental studies. It was autoadministered by the students between March 2014 and May 2014. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses were used to investigate the psychometric properties of the French version. Results The rate of reply was 88.7% with a sex allocation consisting of 44.4% men and 55.6% women. The internal reliability and the item-sampling adequacy of the questionnaire reached acceptance thresholds. Exploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses established a four-factor structure with good internal reliability. The factors consisted in “altruism,” “status and incomes,” “scientific curiosity,” and “educational advantages.” Factors correlated well with the overall questionnaire. The overall motivation score did not differ between male and female students, although “altruism” was best scored by female students while “status and incomes” obtained a higher score in the population of male students. Both male and female students displayed similar “scientific curiosity” and “educational advantages” scorings. Conclusion Our data establish that the French motivation questionnaire has good psychometric properties and that it is relevant for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Angélique Bonnaud-Antignac
- EA 4275 Biostatistique, Pharmacoépidémiologie et Mesures Subjectives en Santé, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Michaut
- Centre de Recherche en Education de Nantes, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Florence Quilliot
- Service de Production et d'Innovation Numérique, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Gilles Guihard
- Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie Expérimentale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Berenson RA, Rice T. Beyond Measurement and Reward: Methods of Motivating Quality Improvement and Accountability. Health Serv Res 2015; 50 Suppl 2:2155-86. [PMID: 26555346 PMCID: PMC5114714 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The article examines public policies designed to improve quality and accountability that do not rely on financial incentives and public reporting of provider performance. Principal Findings Payment policy should help temper the current “more is better” attitude of physicians and provider organizations. Incentive neutrality would better support health professionals’ intrinsic motivation to act in their patients’ best interests to improve overall quality than would pay‐for‐performance plans targeted to specific areas of clinical care. Public policy can support clinicians’ intrinsic motivation through approaches that support systematic feedback to clinicians and provide concrete opportunities to collaborate to improve care. Some programs administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, including Partnership for Patients and Conditions of Participation, deserve more attention; they represent available, but largely ignored, approaches to support providers to improve quality and protect beneficiaries against substandard care. Conclusions Public policies related to quality improvement should focus more on methods of enhancing professional intrinsic motivation, while recognizing the potential role of organizations to actively promote and facilitate that motivation. Actually achieving improvement, however, will require a reexamination of the role played by financial incentives embedded in payments and the unrealistic expectations placed on marginal incentives in pay‐for‐performance schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Rice
- Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
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Development of professional identity during early training in oral and maxillofacial surgery: a qualitative study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53:864-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Heikkilä TJ, Hyppölä H, Vänskä J, Aine T, Halila H, Kujala S, Virjo I, Sumanen M, Mattila K. Factors important in the choice of a medical career: a Finnish national study. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 15:169. [PMID: 26438163 PMCID: PMC4594741 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Applying for medical school is the first and also one of the most important career choices a physician makes. It is important to understand the reasons behind this decision if we are to choose the best applicants for medical schools and enable them to pursue satisfying careers. METHODS Respondents to the Finnish Junior Physician 88, Physician 1998 and Physician 2008 studies were asked: "To what extent did the following factors influence your decision to apply for medical school?" In 1998 and 2008 the respondents were also asked: "If you were starting your studies now, would you start studying medicine?" and had to answer "Yes" or "No". The odds ratios for the answer "No" were tested using logistic regression models. RESULTS "Interest in people" was the main motive for starting to study medicine. "Good salary" and "Prestigious profession" were more important motives for males and "Vocation" and "Interest in people" for females. There were some significant changes in the motives for entering medicine in the 20-year period between studies. "Vocation" and "Wide range of professional opportunities" as important motives for entering medicine predicted satisfaction with the medical profession. DISCUSSION Strong inner motivation may indicate the ability to adapt to the demands of work as a physician. CONCLUSIONS Medical schools should try to select those applicants with the greatest vocational inclination towards a medical career.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppo J Heikkilä
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Hospital District of Northern Savo, P.O. Box 100, Kuopio, FI 70029, Finland.
| | - Harri Hyppölä
- Emergency Department, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, Kuopio, FI 70029, Finland.
| | - Jukka Vänskä
- Finnish Medical Association, P.O. Box 49, Helsinki, FI 00501, Finland.
| | - Tiina Aine
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI 33014, Finland.
| | - Hannu Halila
- Finnish Medical Association, P.O. Box 49, Helsinki, FI 00501, Finland.
| | - Santero Kujala
- Finnish Medical Association, P.O. Box 49, Helsinki, FI 00501, Finland.
| | - Irma Virjo
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI 33014, Finland.
| | - Markku Sumanen
- Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Kalevantie 4, Tampere, FI 33014, Finland.
| | - Kari Mattila
- Centre of General Practice, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, P.O. Box 2000, Tampere, FI 33521, Finland.
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Gąsiorowski J, Rudowicz E, Safranow K. Motivation towards medical career choice and future career plans of Polish medical students. ADVANCES IN HEALTH SCIENCES EDUCATION : THEORY AND PRACTICE 2015; 20:709-25. [PMID: 25352498 PMCID: PMC4495256 DOI: 10.1007/s10459-014-9560-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study aimed at investigating Polish medical students' career choice motivation, factors influencing specialty choices, professional plans and expectations. The same cohort of students responded to the same questionnaire, at the end of Year 1 and Year 6. The Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U tests and logistic regression were used in analyses. The results showed that altruistic and scientific reasons were the main motives for choosing a medical career. The motives remained stable over time. The effect of gender on altruistic motivation was stronger at the end of the study, with females' rating higher. The most favored career paths were associated with non-primary care specializations and work in a hospital. Results of the multivariate logistic regression showed that primary care specializations were more attractive to females, final year students, those from small agglomerations, and those less concerned about high earnings. Preferences regarding sector of work were formed at later stages of training. A preference shift was observed, between Year 1 and Year 6, towards favoring work in the public sector. Predictors of the desire to work in the public sector were: being a male and the final year student, paying less attention to high earnings, wanting certainty of finding work, having a stronger need for interesting and socially important work. A significant decline in the level of interest in seeking employment abroad was observed with the progress of studies. Our findings are likely to provide useful information for educators, policy planners and policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Gąsiorowski
- Medical Education Unit, Pomeranian Medical University, ul. Grudziądzka 31, 70-103, Szczecin, Poland,
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