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Fan W, Liu H, Shen Y, Hong K. The Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors and QT Interval Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:517-525. [PMID: 36625987 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-023-07425-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug-induced QT interval prolongation has been reported to be related to life-threatening polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes). Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are prescribed widely for hospitalized patients; the QT interval prolongation and torsade de pointes caused by PPIs were reported. We conducted a study to determine the association between PPI treatment and QT interval prolongation in critically ill patients. METHODS This study included patients with electrocardiography (ECG) reports from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III database (MIMIC-III). Patients younger than 18 years, missing baseline laboratories and with QT interval prolongation before intensive care unit (ICU) admission were excluded. The end point was the diagnosis of QT interval prolongation reported by ECG. RESULTS This study included 24,512 ICU patients. Of them, 11,327 patients were treated with PPIs, 4181 with histamine 2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) and 6351 without acid suppression therapy (non-AST); the incidence of QT interval prolongation were 8.5%, 3.3% and 3.4% respectively. After adjustment for demographics, electrolytes, comorbidities and medications, PPIs were associated a higher risk of QT interval prolongation compared with H2RAs (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.36 - 2.03) and non-AST (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.31 - 1.82), while there was not significant difference between H2RAs and non-AST (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.73 - 1.17). In the propensity score matching population, the results were consistent. Pantoprazole (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.52 - 3.03) and lansoprazole (OR 1.80, 95% CI: 1.18 - 2.76) showed a higher QT prolongation risk than omeprazole. Several drugs caused higher QT prolongation risk when used in combination with PPIs. CONCLUSION In ICU patients, the association between PPI prescription and increased risk of QT interval prolongation was independent of known QT-prolonging factors; pantoprazole and lansoprazole had a higher risk compared with omeprazole. The combination of PPIs and other QT-prolonging drugs should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Fan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO 1 Mingde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO 1 Mingde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Genetic Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO 1 Mingde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO 1 Mingde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, NO 1 Mingde Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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2
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El Harchi A, Hancox JC. hERG agonists pose challenges to web-based machine learning methods for prediction of drug-hERG channel interaction. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2023; 123:107293. [PMID: 37468081 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2023.107293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological blockade of the IKr channel (hERG) by diverse drugs in clinical use is associated with the Long QT Syndrome that can lead to life threatening arrhythmia. Various computational tools including machine learning models (MLM) for the prediction of hERG inhibition have been developed to facilitate the throughput screening of drugs in development and optimise thus the prediction of hERG liabilities. The use of MLM relies on large libraries of training compounds for the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modelling of hERG inhibition. The focus on inhibition omits potential effects of hERG channel agonist molecules and their associated QT shortening risk. It is instructive, therefore, to consider how known hERG agonists are handled by MLM. Here, two highly developed online computational tools for the prediction of hERG liability, Pred-hERG and HergSPred were probed for their ability to detect hERG activator drug molecules as hERG interactors. In total, 73 hERG blockers were tested with both computational tools giving overall good predictions for hERG blockers with reported IC50s below Pred-hERG and HergSPred cut-off threshold for hERG inhibition. However, for compounds with reported IC50s above this threshold such as disopyramide or sotalol discrepancies were observed. HergSPred identified all 20 hERG agonists selected as interacting with the hERG channel. Further studies are warranted to improve online MLM prediction of hERG related cardiotoxicity, by explicitly taking into account channel agonism as well as inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza El Harchi
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, The University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, The University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
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Rumian NL, Brown CN, Hendry-Hofer TB, Rossetti T, Orfila JE, Tullis JE, Dwoskin LP, Buonarati OR, Lisman JE, Quillinan N, Herson PS, Bebarta VS, Bayer KU. Short-term CaMKII inhibition with tatCN19o does not erase pre-formed memory in mice and is neuroprotective in pigs. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104693. [PMID: 37037305 PMCID: PMC10189404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a central regulator of learning and memory, which poses a problem for targeting it therapeutically. Indeed, our study supports prior conclusions that long-term interference with CaMKII signaling can erase pre-formed memories. By contrast, short-term pharmacological CaMKII inhibition with the neuroprotective peptide tatCN19o interfered with learning in mice only mildly and transiently (for less than 1 h) and did not at all reverse pre-formed memories. These results were obtained with ≥500-fold of the dose that protected hippocampal neurons from cell death after a highly clinically relevant pig model of transient global cerebral ischemia: ventricular fibrillation followed by advanced life support and electrical defibrillation to induce the return of spontaneous circulation. Of additional importance for therapy development, our preliminary cardiovascular safety studies in mice and pig did not indicate any concerns with acute tatCN19o injection. Taken together, although prolonged interference with CaMKII signaling can erase memory, acute short-term CaMKII inhibition with tatCN19o did not cause such retrograde amnesia that would pose a contraindication for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Rumian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carolyn Nicole Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tara B Hendry-Hofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas Rossetti
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James E Orfila
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jonathan E Tullis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Olivia R Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - John E Lisman
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Paco S Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Vikhyat S Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - K Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
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4
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Sahin O, Akturk G, Cilaker Micili S, Gursoy Doruk O, Karapinar F, Hocaoglu N, Ergur BU, Akan P, Tuncok Y, Kalkan S. Effect of the selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener nicorandil on the QT prolongation and myocardial damage induced by amitriptyline in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:415-426. [PMID: 36527252 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to evaluate the protective effect of nicorandil, a selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener, on QT prolongation and myocardial damage induced by amitriptyline. METHODS The dose of amitriptyline (intraperitoneal, i.p.) that prolong the QT interval was found 75 mg/kg. Rats were randomized into five groups the control group, amitriptyline group, nicorandil (selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener, 3 mg/kg i.p.) + amitriptyline group, 5-hdyroxydecanoate (5-HD, selective mitochondrial KATP channel blocker, 10 mg/kg i.p.) + amitriptyline group and 5-HD + nicorandil + amitriptyline group. Cardiac parameters, biochemical and histomorphological/immunohistochemical examinations were evaluated. p < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. KEY FINDINGS Amitriptyline caused statistically significant prolongation of QRS duration, QT interval and QTc interval (p < 0.05). It also caused changes in tissue oxidant (increase in malondialdehyde)/anti-oxidant (decrease in glutathione peroxidase) parameters (p < 0.05), myocardial damage and apoptosis (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). While nicorandil administration prevented amitriptyline-induced QRS, QT, QTc prolongation (p < 0.05), myocardial damage and apoptosis (p < 0.05), it did not affect the changes in oxidative parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that nicorandil, a selective mitochondrial KATP channel opener, plays a protective role in amitriptyline-induced QT prolongation and myocardial damage. Mitochondrial KATP channel opening and anti-apoptotic effects may play a role in the cardioprotective effect of nicorandil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Sahin
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gozde Akturk
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey.,Mustafa Kemal University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Serap Cilaker Micili
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Gursoy Doruk
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fazilet Karapinar
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nil Hocaoglu
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bekir Ugur Ergur
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Izmir, Turkey.,Kyrenia University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kyrenia, Cyprus
| | - Pinar Akan
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Tuncok
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sule Kalkan
- Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Izmir, Turkey
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5
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Rumian NL, Brown CN, Hendry-Hofer TB, Rossetti T, Orfila JE, Tullis JE, Dwoskin LP, Buonarati OR, Lisman JE, Quillinan N, Herson PS, Bebarta VS, Bayer KU. Short-term CaMKII inhibition with tatCN19o does not erase pre-formed memory and is neuroprotective in non-rodents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.23.523316. [PMID: 36747773 PMCID: PMC9900743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.23.523316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a central regulator of learning and memory, which poses a problem for targeting it therapeutically. Indeed, our study supports prior conclusions that long-term interference with CaMKII signaling can erase pre-formed memories. By contrast, short-term pharmacological CaMKII inhibition with tatCN19o interfered with learning in mice only mildly and transiently (for less than 1 h) and did not at all reverse pre-formed memories. This was at ≥500fold of the dose that protected hippocampal neurons from cell death after a highly clinically relevant pig model of transient global cerebral ischemia: ventricular fibrillation followed by advanced life support and electrical defibrillation to induce return of spontaneous circulation. Of additional importance for therapeutic development, cardiovascular safety studies in mice and pig did not indicate any concerns with acute tatCN19o injection. Taken together, even though prolonged interference with CaMKII signaling can erase memory, acute short-term CaMKII inhibition with tatCN19o did not cause such retrograde amnesia that would pose a contraindication for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Rumian
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Carolyn Nicole Brown
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tara B. Hendry-Hofer
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas Rossetti
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA,present address: Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY 10021, USA
| | - James E. Orfila
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan E. Tullis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Linda P. Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Olivia R. Buonarati
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John E. Lisman
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA,deceased
| | - Nidia Quillinan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Paco S. Herson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Paco S. Herson (), Vikhyat S. Bebarta (), or K. Ulrich Bayer ()
| | - Vikhyat S. Bebarta
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Paco S. Herson (), Vikhyat S. Bebarta (), or K. Ulrich Bayer ()
| | - K. Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA,Correspondence should be addressed to Paco S. Herson (), Vikhyat S. Bebarta (), or K. Ulrich Bayer ()
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6
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Tsermpini EE, Serretti A, Dolžan V. Precision Medicine in Antidepressants Treatment. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 280:131-186. [PMID: 37195310 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine uses innovative approaches to improve disease prevention and treatment outcomes by taking into account people's genetic backgrounds, environments, and lifestyles. Treatment of depression is particularly challenging, given that 30-50% of patients do not respond adequately to antidepressants, while those who respond may experience unpleasant adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that decrease their quality of life and compliance. This chapter aims to present the available scientific data that focus on the impact of genetic variants on the efficacy and toxicity of antidepressants. We compiled data from candidate gene and genome-wide association studies that investigated associations between pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic genes and response to antidepressants regarding symptom improvement and ADRs. We also summarized the existing pharmacogenetic-based treatment guidelines for antidepressants, used to guide the selection of the right antidepressant and its dose based on the patient's genetic profile, aiming to achieve maximum efficacy and minimum toxicity. Finally, we reviewed the clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics studies focusing on patients on antidepressants. The available data demonstrate that precision medicine can increase the efficacy of antidepressants and reduce the occurrence of ADRs and ultimately improve patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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7
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Toplak Ž, Hendrickx LA, Abdelaziz R, Shi X, Peigneur S, Tomašič T, Tytgat J, Peterlin-Mašič L, Pardo LA. Overcoming challenges of HERG potassium channel liability through rational design: Eag1 inhibitors for cancer treatment. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:183-226. [PMID: 33945158 DOI: 10.1002/med.21808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two decades of research have proven the relevance of ion channel expression for tumor progression in virtually every indication, and it has become clear that inhibition of specific ion channels will eventually become part of the oncology therapeutic arsenal. However, ion channels play relevant roles in all aspects of physiology, and specificity for the tumor tissue remains a challenge to avoid undesired effects. Eag1 (KV 10.1) is a voltage-gated potassium channel whose expression is very restricted in healthy tissues outside of the brain, while it is overexpressed in 70% of human tumors. Inhibition of Eag1 reduces tumor growth, but the search for potent inhibitors for tumor therapy suffers from the structural similarities with the cardiac HERG channel, a major off-target. Existing inhibitors show low specificity between the two channels, and screenings for Eag1 binders are prone to enrichment in compounds that also bind HERG. Rational drug design requires knowledge of the structure of the target and the understanding of structure-function relationships. Recent studies have shown subtle structural differences between Eag1 and HERG channels with profound functional impact. Thus, although both targets' structure is likely too similar to identify leads that exclusively bind to one of the channels, the structural information combined with the new knowledge of the functional relevance of particular residues or areas suggests the possibility of selective targeting of Eag1 in cancer therapies. Further development of selective Eag1 inhibitors can lead to first-in-class compounds for the treatment of different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Žan Toplak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Louise A Hendrickx
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reham Abdelaziz
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Xiaoyi Shi
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steve Peigneur
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tihomir Tomašič
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jan Tytgat
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Luis A Pardo
- AG Oncophysiology, Max-Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
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Choromańska A, Chwiłkowska A, Kulbacka J, Baczyńska D, Rembiałkowska N, Szewczyk A, Michel O, Gajewska-Naryniecka A, Przystupski D, Saczko J. Modifications of Plasma Membrane Organization in Cancer Cells for Targeted Therapy. Molecules 2021; 26:1850. [PMID: 33806009 PMCID: PMC8037978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Modifications of the composition or organization of the cancer cell membrane seem to be a promising targeted therapy. This approach can significantly enhance drug uptake or intensify the response of cancer cells to chemotherapeutics. There are several methods enabling lipid bilayer modifications, e.g., pharmacological, physical, and mechanical. It is crucial to keep in mind the significance of drug resistance phenomenon, ion channel and specific receptor impact, and lipid bilayer organization in planning the cell membrane-targeted treatment. In this review, strategies based on cell membrane modulation or reorganization are presented as an alternative tool for future therapeutic protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Choromańska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Chwiłkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Dagmara Baczyńska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Nina Rembiałkowska
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Anna Szewczyk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Olga Michel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Gajewska-Naryniecka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
| | - Dawid Przystupski
- Department of Paediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation, Oncology and Haematology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Jolanta Saczko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (J.K.); (D.B.); (N.R.); (A.S.); (O.M.); (A.G.-N.); (J.S.)
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9
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Neumann J, Binter MB, Fehse C, Marušáková M, Büxel ML, Kirchhefer U, Hofmann B, Gergs U. Amitriptyline functionally antagonizes cardiac H 2 histamine receptors in transgenic mice and human atria. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2021; 394:1251-1262. [PMID: 33625558 PMCID: PMC8208937 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-021-02065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that histamine (2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine) exerted concentration-dependent positive inotropic effects (PIE) or positive chronotropic effects (PCE) on isolated left and right atria, respectively, of transgenic (H2R-TG) mice that overexpress the human H2 histamine receptor (H2R) in the heart; however, the effects were not seen in their wild-type (WT) littermates. Amitriptyline, which is still a highly prescribed antidepressant drug, was reported to act as antagonist on H2Rs. Here, we wanted to determine whether the histamine effects in H2R-TG were antagonized by amitriptyline. Contractile studies were performed on isolated left and right atrial preparations, isolated perfused hearts from H2R-TG and WT mice and human atrial preparations. Amitriptyline shifted the concentration-dependent PIE of histamine (1 nM-10 μM) to higher concentrations (rightward shift) in left atrial preparations from H2R-TG. Similarly, in isolated perfused hearts from H2R-TG and WT mice, histamine increased the contractile parameters and the phosphorylation state of phospholamban (PLB) at serine 16 in the H2R-TG mice, but not in the WT mice. However, the increases in contractility and PLB phosphorylation were attenuated by the addition of amitriptyline in perfused hearts from H2R-TG. In isolated electrically stimulated human atria, the PIE of histamine that was applied in increasing concentrations from 1 nM to 10 μM was reduced by 10-μM amitriptyline. In summary, we present functional evidence that amitriptyline also acts as an antagonist of contractility at H2Rs in H2R-TG mouse hearts and in the human heart which might in part explain the side effects of amitriptyline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Maximilian Benedikt Binter
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Charlotte Fehse
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Margaréta Marušáková
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maren Luise Büxel
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Domagkstr. 12, D-48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Britt Hofmann
- Cardiac Surgery, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Halle, Germany.
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10
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Novel Therapeutic Approaches of Ion Channels and Transporters in Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 183:45-101. [PMID: 32715321 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of many ion channels and transporters in cancer cells display major differences in comparison to those from healthy cells. These differences provide the cancer cells with advantages for tumor development. Accordingly, targeting ion channels and transporters have beneficial anticancer effects including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, tumor vascularization, and chemotherapy resistance, as well as promoting apoptosis. Some of the molecular mechanisms associating ion channels and transporters with cancer include the participation of oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic pathways, drug synergism, as well as noncanonical functions of ion channels. This diversity of mechanisms offers an exciting possibility to suggest novel and more effective therapeutic approaches to fight cancer. Here, we review and discuss most of the current knowledge suggesting novel therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy targeting ion channels and transporters. The role and regulation of ion channels and transporters in cancer provide a plethora of exceptional opportunities in drug design, as well as novel and promising therapeutic approaches that may be used for the benefit of cancer patients.
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11
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Lee NR, Zheng G, Leggas M, Janganati V, Nickell JR, Crooks PA, Bardo MT, Dwoskin LP. GZ-11608, a Vesicular Monoamine Transporter-2 Inhibitor, Decreases the Neurochemical and Behavioral Effects of Methamphetamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 371:526-543. [PMID: 31413138 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.258699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite escalating methamphetamine use and high relapse rates, pharmacotherapeutics for methamphetamine use disorders are not available. Our iterative drug discovery program had found that R-N-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-2,6-cis-di-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperidine hydrochloride (GZ-793A), a selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) inhibitor, specifically decreased methamphetamine's behavioral effects. However, GZ-793A inhibited human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channels, suggesting cardiotoxicity and prohibiting clinical development. The current study determined if replacement of GZ-793A's piperidine ring with a phenylalkyl group to yield S-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)propan-1-amine (GZ-11608) diminished hERG interaction while retaining pharmacological efficacy. VMAT2 inhibition, target selectivity, and mechanism of GZ-11608-induced inhibition of methamphetamine-evoked vesicular dopamine release were determined. We used GZ-11608 doses that decreased methamphetamine-sensitized activity to evaluate the potential exacerbation of methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. GZ-11608-induced decreases in methamphetamine reinforcement and abuse liability were determined using self-administration, reinstatement, and substitution assays. Results show that GZ-11608 exhibited high affinity (Ki = 25 nM) and selectivity (92-1180-fold) for VMAT2 over nicotinic receptors, dopamine transporter, and hERG, suggesting low side-effects. GZ-11608 (EC50 = 620 nM) released vesicular dopamine 25-fold less potently than it inhibited VMAT2 dopamine uptake. GZ-11608 competitively inhibited methamphetamine-evoked vesicular dopamine release (Schild regression slope = 0.9 ± 0.13). GZ-11608 decreased methamphetamine sensitization without altering striatal dopamine content or exacerbating methamphetamine-induced dopamine depletion, revealing efficacy without neurotoxicity. GZ-11608 exhibited linear pharmacokinetics and rapid brain penetration. GZ-11608 decreased methamphetamine self-administration, and this effect was not surmounted by increasing methamphetamine unit doses. GZ-11608 reduced cue- and methamphetamine-induced reinstatement, suggesting potential to prevent relapse. GZ-11608 neither served as a reinforcer nor substituted for methamphetamine, suggesting low abuse liability. Thus, GZ-11608, a potent and selective VMAT2 inhibitor, shows promise as a therapeutic for methamphetamine use disorder. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: GZ-11608 is a potent and selective vesicular monoamine transporter-2 inhibitor that decreases methamphetamine-induced dopamine release from isolated synaptic vesicles from brain dopaminergic neurons. Results from behavioral studies show that GZ-11608 specifically decreases methamphetamine-sensitized locomotor activity, methamphetamine self-administration, and reinstatement of methamphetamine-seeking behavior, without exhibiting abuse liability. Tolerance does not develop to the efficacy of GZ-11608 to decrease the behavioral effects of methamphetamine. In conclusion, GZ-11608 is an outstanding lead in our search for a therapeutic to treat methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Venumadhav Janganati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Justin R Nickell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (N.-R.L., M.L., J.R.N., L.P.D.), and Department of Psychology, College of Arts & Sciences (M.T.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida (G.Z.); and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (V.J., P.A.C.)
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12
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Thamban Chandrika N, Dennis EK, Shrestha SK, Ngo HX, Green KD, Kwiatkowski S, Deaciuc AG, Dwoskin LP, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. N,N'-diaryl-bishydrazones in a biphenyl platform: Broad spectrum antifungal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:273-281. [PMID: 30597328 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
N,N'-Diaryl-bishydrazones of [1,1'-biphenyl]-3,4'-dicarboxaldehyde, [1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-dicarboxaldehyde, and 4,4'-bisacetyl-1,1-biphenyl exhibited excellent antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of filamentous and non-filamentous fungi. These N,N'-diaryl-bishydrazones displayed no antibacterial activity in contrast to previously reported N,N'-diamidino-bishydrazones and N-amidino-N'-aryl-bishydrazones. The leading candidate, 4,4'-bis((E)-1-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)hydrazono)ethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl, displayed less hemolysis of murine red blood cells at concentrations at or below that of a control antifungal agent (voriconazole), was fungistatic in a time-kill study, and possessed no mammalian cytotoxicity and no toxicity with respect to hERG inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Emily K Dennis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sanjib K Shrestha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Huy X Ngo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Stefan Kwiatkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA; Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Agripina Gabriela Deaciuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA; Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA.
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
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13
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Sicouri S, Antzelevitch C. Mechanisms Underlying the Actions of Antidepressant and Antipsychotic Drugs That Cause Sudden Cardiac Arrest. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2018; 7:199-209. [PMID: 30416734 PMCID: PMC6141916 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2018.29.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs are known to increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Based largely on a concern over the development of life-threatening arrhythmias, a number of antipsychotic drugs have been temporarily or permanently withdrawn from the market or their use restricted. While many antidepressants and antipsychotics have been linked to QT prolongation and the development of torsade de pointes arrhythmias, some have been associated with a Brugada syndrome phenotype and the development of polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. This article examines the arrhythmic liability of antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs capable of inducing long QT and/or Brugada syndrome phenotypes. The goal of this article is to provide an update on the ionic and cellular mechanisms thought to be involved in, and the genetic and environmental factors that predispose to, the development of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death among patients taking antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs that are in clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Sicouri
- Lankenau Institute for Medical ResearchWynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Charles Antzelevitch
- Lankenau Institute for Medical ResearchWynnewood, PA, USA
- Lankenau Heart InstituteWynnewood, PA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA, USA
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14
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Villatoro-Gómez K, Pacheco-Rojas DO, Moreno-Galindo EG, Navarro-Polanco RA, Tristani-Firouzi M, Gazgalis D, Cui M, Sánchez-Chapula JA, Ferrer T. Molecular determinants of Kv7.1/KCNE1 channel inhibition by amitriptyline. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 152:264-271. [PMID: 29621539 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Amitriptyline (AMIT) is a compound widely prescribed for psychiatric and non-psychiatric conditions including depression, migraine, chronic pain, and anorexia. However, AMIT has been associated with risks of cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death since it can induce prolongation of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram and torsade de pointes ventricular arrhythmia. These complications have been attributed to the inhibition of the rapid delayed rectifier potassium current (IKr). The slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs) is the main repolarizing cardiac current when IKr is compromised and it has an important role in cardiac repolarization at fast heart rates induced by an elevated sympathetic tone. Therefore, we sought to characterize the effects of AMIT on Kv7.1/KCNE1 and homomeric Kv7.1 channels expressed in HEK-293H cells. Homomeric Kv7.1 and Kv7.1/KCNE1 channels were inhibited by AMIT in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 8.8 ± 2.1 μM and 2.5 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. This effect was voltage-independent for both homomeric Kv7.1 and Kv7.1/KCNE1 channels. Moreover, mutation of residues located on the P-loop and S6 domain along with molecular docking, suggest that T312, I337 and F340 are the most important molecular determinants for AMIT-Kv7.1 channel interaction. Our experimental findings and modeling suggest that AMIT preferentially blocks the open state of Kv7.1/KCNE1 channels by interacting with specific residues that were previously reported to be important for binding of other compounds, such as chromanol 293B and the benzodiazepine L7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathya Villatoro-Gómez
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Colima, Col., Mexico
| | - David O Pacheco-Rojas
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Colima, Col., Mexico
| | - Eloy G Moreno-Galindo
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Colima, Col., Mexico
| | - Ricardo A Navarro-Polanco
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Colima, Col., Mexico
| | - Martin Tristani-Firouzi
- Nora Eccles Harrison CVRTI, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 83113, USA
| | - Dimitris Gazgalis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University School of Pharmacy, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - José A Sánchez-Chapula
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Colima, Col., Mexico
| | - Tania Ferrer
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas de la Universidad de Colima, Colima, Col., Mexico.
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15
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Helliwell MV, Zhang Y, El Harchi A, Du C, Hancox JC, Dempsey CE. Structural implications of hERG K + channel block by a high-affinity minimally structured blocker. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7040-7057. [PMID: 29545312 PMCID: PMC5936838 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac potassium channels encoded by human ether-à-go-go–related gene (hERG) are major targets for structurally diverse drugs associated with acquired long QT syndrome. This study characterized hERG channel inhibition by a minimally structured high-affinity hERG inhibitor, Cavalli-2, composed of three phenyl groups linked by polymethylene spacers around a central amino group, chosen to probe the spatial arrangement of side chain groups in the high-affinity drug-binding site of the hERG pore. hERG current (IhERG) recorded at physiological temperature from HEK293 cells was inhibited with an IC50 of 35.6 nm with time and voltage dependence characteristic of blockade contingent upon channel gating. Potency of Cavalli-2 action was markedly reduced for attenuated inactivation mutants located near (S620T; 54-fold) and remote from (N588K; 15-fold) the channel pore. The S6 Y652A and F656A mutations decreased inhibitory potency 17- and 75-fold, respectively, whereas T623A and S624A at the base of the selectivity filter also decreased potency (16- and 7-fold, respectively). The S5 helix F557L mutation decreased potency 10-fold, and both F557L and Y652A mutations eliminated voltage dependence of inhibition. Computational docking using the recent cryo-EM structure of an open channel hERG construct could only partially recapitulate experimental data, and the high dependence of Cavalli-2 block on Phe-656 is not readily explainable in that structure. A small clockwise rotation of the inner (S6) helix of the hERG pore from its configuration in the cryo-EM structure may be required to optimize Phe-656 side chain orientations compatible with high-affinity block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V Helliwell
- From the Schools of Biochemistry and.,Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Yihong Zhang
- Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Aziza El Harchi
- Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Chunyun Du
- Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Jules C Hancox
- Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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16
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Lee NR, Zheng G, Crooks PA, Bardo MT, Dwoskin LP. New Scaffold for Lead Compounds to Treat Methamphetamine Use Disorders. AAPS JOURNAL 2018; 20:29. [PMID: 29427069 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-018-0192-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite increased methamphetamine use worldwide, pharmacotherapies are not available to treat methamphetamine use disorder. The vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) is an important pharmacological target for discovery of treatments for methamphetamine use disorder. VMAT2 inhibition by the natural product, lobeline, reduced methamphetamine-evoked dopamine release, methamphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, and methamphetamine self-administration in rats. Compared to lobeline, lobelane exhibited improved affinity and selectivity for VMAT2 over nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Lobelane inhibited neurochemical and behavioral effects of methamphetamine, but tolerance developed to its behavioral efficacy in reducing methamphetamine self-administration, preventing further development. The lobelane analog, R-N-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-2,6-cis-di-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperidine hydrochloride (GZ-793A), potently and selectively inhibited VMAT2 function and reduced neurochemical and behavioral effects of methamphetamine. However, GZ-793A exhibited potential to induce ventricular arrhythmias interacting with human-ether-a-go-go (hERG) channels. Herein, a new lead, R-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(1-phenylpropan-2-yl)propan-1-amine (GZ-11610), from the novel scaffold (N-alkyl(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)amine) was evaluated as a VMAT2 inhibitor and potential therapeutic for methamphetamine use disorder. GZ-11610 was 290-fold selective for VMAT2 over dopamine transporters, suggesting that it may lack abuse liability. GZ-11610 was 640- to 3500-fold selective for VMAT2 over serotonin transporters and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. GZ-11610 exhibited > 1000-fold selectivity for VMAT2 over hERG, representing a robust improvement relative to our previous VMAT2 inhibitors. GZ-11610 (3-30 mg/kg, s.c. or 56-300 mg/kg, oral) reduced methamphetamine-induced hyperactivity in methamphetamine-sensitized rats. Thus, GZ-11610 is a potent and selective inhibitor of VMAT2, may have low abuse liability and low cardiotoxicity, and after oral administration is effective and specific in inhibiting the locomotor stimulant effects of methamphetamine, suggesting further investigation as a potential therapeutic for methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Ra Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 465 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Guangrong Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Michael T Bardo
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 465 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone, Lexington, Kentucky, 40536-0596, USA.
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17
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Lainez S, Doray A, Hancox JC, Cannell MB. Regulation of Kv4.3 and hERG potassium channels by KChIP2 isoforms and DPP6 and response to the dual K + channel activator NS3623. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 150:120-130. [PMID: 29378180 PMCID: PMC5906734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Transient outward potassium current (Ito) contributes to early repolarization of many mammalian cardiac action potentials, including human, whilst the rapid delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr) contributes to later repolarization. Fast Ito channels can be produced from the Shal family KCNDE gene product Kv4.3s, although accessory subunits including KChIP2.x and DPP6 are also needed to produce a near physiological Ito. In this study, the effect of KChIP2.1 & KChIP2.2 (also known as KChIP2b and KChIP2c respectively), alone or in conjunction with the accessory subunit DPP6, on both Kv4.3 and hERG were evaluated. A dual Ito and IKr activator, NS3623, has been recently proposed to be beneficial in heart failure and the action of NS3623 on the two channels was also investigated. Whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were performed at 33 ± 1 °C on HEK293 cells expressing Kv4.3 or hERG in the absence or presence of these accessory subunits. Kv4.3 current magnitude was augmented by co-expression with either KChIP2.2 or KChIP2.1 and KChIP2/DPP6 with KChIP2.1 producing a greater effect than KChIP2.2. Adding DPP6 removed the difference in Kv4.3 augmentation between KChIP2.1 and KChIP2.2. The inactivation rate and recovery from inactivation were also altered by KChIP2 isoform co-expression. In contrast, hERG (Kv11.1) current was not altered by co-expression with KChIP2.1, KChIP2.2 or DPP6. NS3623 increased Kv4.3 amplitude to a similar extent with and without accessory subunit co-expression, however KChIP2 isoforms modulated the compound’s effect on inactivation time course. The agonist effect of NS3623 on hERG channels was not affected by KChIP2.1, KChIP2.2 or DPP6 co-expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Lainez
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Adélaïde Doray
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Mark B Cannell
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, UK.
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18
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Reilly JG, Thomas SHL, Ferrier IN. Recent studies on ECG changes, antipsychotic use and sudden death in psychiatric patients. PSYCHIATRIC BULLETIN 2018. [DOI: 10.1192/pb.26.3.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Hankosky ER, Joolakanti SR, Nickell JR, Janganati V, Dwoskin LP, Crooks PA. Fluoroethoxy-1,4-diphenethylpiperidine and piperazine derivatives: Potent and selective inhibitors of [ 3H]dopamine uptake at the vesicular monoamine transporter-2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:5467-5472. [PMID: 29153425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A small library of fluoroethoxy-1,4-diphenethyl piperidine and fluoroethoxy-1,4-diphenethyl piperazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit [3H]dopamine (DA) uptake at the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2) and dopamine transporter (DAT), [3H]serotonin (5-HT) uptake at the serotonin transporter (SERT), and [3H]dofetilide binding at the human-ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) channel. The majority of the compounds exhibited potent inhibition of [3H]DA uptake at VMAT2, Ki changes in the nanomolar range (Ki = 0.014-0.073 µM). Compound 15d exhibited the highest affinity (Ki = 0.014 µM) at VMAT2, and had 160-, 5-, and 60-fold greater selectivity for VMAT2 vs. DAT, SERT and hERG, respectively. Compound 15b exhibited the greatest selectivity (>60-fold) for VMAT2 relative to all the other targets evaluated, and 15b had high affinity for VMAT2 (Ki = 0.073 µM). Compound 15b was considered the lead compound from this analog series due to its high affinity and selectivity for VMAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hankosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shyam R Joolakanti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Justin R Nickell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Venumadhav Janganati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.
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Interaction among hERG channel blockers is a potential mechanism of death in caffeine overdose. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 800:23-33. [PMID: 28216052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine overdose death is due to cardiac arrest, but its mechanism has not been explored in detail. In this study, our data showed that caffeine significantly prolonged the heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) of rabbits in vivo (P<0.05; n=7). Caffeine was also found to be a hERG channel blocker with an IC50 of 5.04mM (n=5). Although these two findings likely link caffeine overdose death with hERG channel blockade, the amount of caffeine consumption needed to reach the IC50 is very high. Further study demonstrated that addition another hERG blocker could lower the consumption of caffeine significantly, no matter whether two hERG blockers share the same binding sites. Our data does not rule out other possibility, however, it suggests that there is a potential causal relationship between caffeine overdose death with hERG channel and the interaction among these hERG blockers.
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GZ-793A inhibits the neurochemical effects of methamphetamine via a selective interaction with the vesicular monoamine transporter-2. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:143-149. [PMID: 27986625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lobeline and lobelane inhibit the behavioral and neurochemical effects of methamphetamine via an interaction with the vesicular monoamine transporter-2 (VMAT2). However, lobeline has high affinity for nicotinic receptors, and tolerance develops to the behavioral effects of lobelane. A water-soluble analog of lobelane, R-N-(1,2-dihydroxypropyl)-2,6-cis-di-(4-methoxyphenethyl)piperidine hydrochloride (GZ-793A), also interacts selectively with VMAT2 to inhibit the effects of methamphetamine, but does not produce behavioral tolerance. The current study further evaluated the mechanism underlying the GZ-793A-mediated inhibition of the neurochemical effects of methamphetamine. In contrast to lobeline, GZ-793A does not interact with the agonist recognition site on α4β2* and α7* nicotinic receptors. GZ-793A (0.3-100µM) inhibited methamphetamine (5µM)-evoked fractional dopamine release from rat striatal slices, and did not evoke dopamine release in the absence of methamphetamine. Furthermore, GZ-793A (1-100µM) inhibited neither nicotine (30µM)-evoked nor electrical field-stimulation-evoked (100Hz/1min) fractional dopamine release. Unfortunately, GZ-793A inhibited [3H]dofetilide binding to human-ether-a-go-go related gene channels expressed on human embryonic kidney cells, and further, prolonged action potentials in rabbit cardiac Purkinje fibers, suggesting the potential for GZ-793A to induce ventricular arrhythmias. Thus, GZ-793A selectively inhibits the neurochemical effects of methamphetamine and lacks nicotinic receptor interactions; however, development as a pharmacotherapy for methamphetamine use disorders will not be pursued due to its potential cardiac liabilities.
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Kirby RJ, Qi F, Phatak S, Smith LH, Malany S. Assessment of drug-induced arrhythmic risk using limit cycle and autocorrelation analysis of human iPSC-cardiomyocyte contractility. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 305:250-258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Antidepressants and cardiovascular adverse events: A narrative review. ARYA ATHEROSCLEROSIS 2015; 11:295-304. [PMID: 26715935 PMCID: PMC4680078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depression or deterioration of previous mood disorders is a common adverse consequence of coronary heart disease, heart failure, and cardiac revascularization procedures. Therefore, treatment of depression is expected to result in improvement of mood condition in these patients. Despite demonstrated effects of anti-depressive treatment in heart disease patients, the use of some antidepressants have shown to be associated with some adverse cardiac and non-cardiac events. In this narrative review, the authors aimed to first assess the findings of published studies on beneficial and also harmful effects of different types of antidepressants used in patients with heart diseases. Finally, a new categorization for selecting antidepressants according to their cardiovascular effects was described. METHODS Using PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, Index Copernicus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database, we identified studies designed to evaluate the effects of depression and also using antidepressants on cardiovascular outcome. A 40 studies were finally assessed systematically. Among those eligible studies, 14 were cohort or historical cohort studies, 15 were randomized clinical trial, 4 were retrospective were case-control studies, 3 were meta-analyses and 2 animal studies, and 2 case studies. RESULTS According to the current review, we recommend to divide antidepressants into three categories based on the severity of cardiovascular adverse consequences including (1) the safest drugs including those drugs with cardio-protective effects on ventricular function, as well as cardiac conductive system including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, (2) neutralized drugs with no evidenced effects on cardiovascular system including serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and (3) harmful drugs with adverse effects on cardiac function, hemodynamic stability, and heart rate variability including tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitors, and noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressants. CONCLUSION The presented categorization of antidepressants can be clinically helpful to have the best selection for antidepressants to minimizing their cardiovascular harmful effects.
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Bigelow AM, Khalifa MM, Clark JM. Imipramine for incessant ventricular arrhythmias in 2 unrelated patients with Andersen-Tawil syndrome. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12:1654-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kratz JM, Schuster D, Edtbauer M, Saxena P, Mair CE, Kirchebner J, Matuszczak B, Baburin I, Hering S, Rollinger JM. Experimentally validated HERG pharmacophore models as cardiotoxicity prediction tools. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2887-901. [PMID: 25148533 DOI: 10.1021/ci5001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to design, experimentally validate, and apply a virtual screening workflow to identify novel hERG channel blockers. The hERG channel is an important antitarget in drug development since cardiotoxic risks remain as a major cause of attrition. A ligand-based pharmacophore model collection was developed and theoretically validated. The seven most complementary and suitable models were used for virtual screening of in-house and commercially available compound libraries. From the hit lists, 50 compounds were selected for experimental validation through bioactivity assessment using patch clamp techniques. Twenty compounds inhibited hERG channels expressed in HEK 293 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.13 to 2.77 μM, attesting to the suitability of the models as cardiotoxicity prediction tools in a preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadel M Kratz
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , 88.040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Wang N, Ma JH, Zhang PH. Procaine, a state-dependent blocker, inhibits HERG channels by helix residue Y652 and F656 in the S6 transmembrane domain. J Pharmacol Sci 2013; 123:25-35. [PMID: 24005047 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13007fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The article evaluated the inhibitory action of procaine on wild-type and mutated HERG potassium channel current (I(HERG)) to determine whether mutations in the S6 region are important for the inhibition of I(HERG) by procaine. HERG channels (WT, Y652A, and F656A) were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and studied using the standard two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The results revealed that WT HERG is blocked in a concentration-, voltage-, and state-dependent manner by procaine ([IC₅₀] = 34.79 μM). The steady state activation curves slightly move to the negative, while inactivation parameters move to the positive in the presence of procaine. Time-dependent test reveals that voltage-dependent I(HERG) blockade occurs extremely rapidly. Furthermore, the mutation to Ala of Y652 and F656 produce about 11-fold and 18-fold increases in IC₅₀ for I(HERG) blockade, respectively. Simultaneously, for Y652A, the steady state activation and inactivation parameters are shifted to more positive values after perfusion of procaine. Conclusively, procaine state-dependently inhibits HERG channels (WT, Y652A, and F656A). The helix residues Y652 and F656 in the S6 transmembrane domain might play a role in interaction of the drug with the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Cardio-Electrophysiology Research Laboratory, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
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Rampe D, Brown AM. A history of the role of the hERG channel in cardiac risk assessment. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 68:13-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Yates C, Manini AF. Utility of the electrocardiogram in drug overdose and poisoning: theoretical considerations and clinical implications. Curr Cardiol Rev 2013; 8:137-51. [PMID: 22708912 PMCID: PMC3406273 DOI: 10.2174/157340312801784961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 06/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ECG is a rapidly available clinical tool that can help clinicians manage poisoned patients. Specific myocardial effects of cardiotoxic drugs have well-described electrocardiographic manifestations. In the practice of clinical toxicology, classic ECG changes may hint at blockade of ion channels, alterations of adrenergic tone, or dysfunctional metabolic activity of the myocardium. This review will offer a structured approach to ECG interpretation in poisoned patients with a focus on clinical implications and ECG-based management recommendations in the initial evaluation of patients with acute cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yates
- Emergency Medicine Department / Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Chae YJ, Choi JS, Hahn SJ. Inhibition of Kv4.3 potassium channels by trazodone. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2013; 386:711-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-013-0870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Okada M, Watanabe S, Matada T, Asao Y, Hamatani R, Yamawaki H, Hara Y. Inhibitory effects of psychotropic drugs on the acetylcholine receptor-operated potassium current (IK.ACh) in guinea-pig atrial myocytes. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:743-7. [PMID: 23343658 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Influences of psychotropic drugs, six antipsychotics and three antidepressants, on acetylcholine receptor-operated potassium current (IK.ACh) were examined by a whole-cell patch clamp method in freshly isolated guinea-pig atrial myocyte. IK.ACh was induced by a superfusion of carbachol (CCh) or by an intracellular application of guanosine 5'-[thio] triphosphate (GTPγS). To elucidate mechanism for anticholinergic action, IC50 ratio, the ratio of IC50 for GTPγS-activated IK.ACh to CCh-induced IK.ACh, was calculated. Antipsychotics and antidepressants inhibited CCh-induced IK.ACh in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values were as follows; chlorpromazine 0.53 μM, clozapine 0.06 μM, fluphenazine 2.69 μM, haloperidol 2.66 μM, sulpiride 42.3 μM, thioridazine 0.07 μM, amitriptyline 0.03 μM, imipramine 0.22 μM and maprotiline 1.81 μM. The drugs, except for sulpiride, inhibited GTPγS-activated IK.ACh with following IC50 values; chlorpromazine 1.71 μM, clozapine 14.9 μM, fluphenazine 3.55 μM, haloperidol 2.73 μM, thioridazine 1.90 μM, amitriptyline 7.55 μM, imipramine 7.09 μM and maprotiline 5.93 μM. The IC50 ratio for fluphenazine and haloperidol was close to unity. The IC50 ratio for chlorpromazine, clozapine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine and maprotiline was much higher than unity. The present findings suggest that the psychotropics studied suppress IK.ACh. Chlorpromazine, clozapine, thioridazine, amitriptyline, imipramine, maprotiline and sulpiride are preferentially acting on muscarinic receptor. Fluphenazine and haloperidol may act on G protein and/or potassium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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Gillie DJ, Novick SJ, Donovan BT, Payne LA, Townsend C. Development of a high-throughput electrophysiological assay for the human ether-à-go-go related potassium channel hERG. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2013; 67:33-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Wen D, Liu A, Chen F, Yang J, Dai R. Validation of visualized transgenic zebrafish as a high throughput model to assay bradycardia related cardio toxicity risk candidates. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 32:834-42. [PMID: 22744888 DOI: 10.1002/jat.2755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced QT prolongation usually leads to torsade de pointes (TdP), thus for drugs in the early phase of development this risk should be evaluated. In the present study, we demonstrated a visualized transgenic zebrafish as an in vivo high-throughput model to assay the risk of drug-induced QT prolongation. Zebrafish larvae 48 h post-fertilization expressing green fluorescent protein in myocardium were incubated with compounds reported to induce QT prolongation or block the human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) K⁺ current. The compounds sotalol, indapaminde, erythromycin, ofoxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin and roxithromycin were additionally administrated by microinjection into the larvae yolk sac. The ventricle heart rate was recorded using the automatic monitoring system after incubation or microinjection. As a result, 14 out of 16 compounds inducing dog QT prolongation caused bradycardia in zebrafish. A similar result was observed with 21 out of 26 compounds which block hERG current. Among the 30 compounds which induced human QT prolongation, 25 caused bradycardia in this model. Thus, the risk of compounds causing bradycardia in this transgenic zebrafish correlated with that causing QT prolongation and hERG K⁺ current blockage in established models. The tendency that high logP values lead to high risk of QT prolongation in this model was indicated, and non-sensitivity of this model to antibacterial agents was revealed. These data suggest application of this transgenic zebrafish as a high-throughput model to screen QT prolongation-related cardio toxicity of the drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Wen
- South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
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Ababneh D, Ritchie H, Webster WS. Antidepressants Cause Bradycardia and Heart Block in GD 13 Rat Embryos In Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 95:184-93. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deena Ababneh
- Department of Anatomy and Histology; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney; Australia
| | - Helen Ritchie
- Discipline of Biomedical Sciences,; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney; Australia
| | - William S. Webster
- Department of Anatomy and Histology; Sydney Medical School; University of Sydney; Sydney; Australia
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Kobayashi T, Washiyama K, Ikeda K. Inhibition of G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ channels by different classes of antidepressants. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28208. [PMID: 22164246 PMCID: PMC3229538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Various antidepressants are commonly used for the treatment of depression and several other neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition to their primary effects on serotonergic or noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems, antidepressants have been shown to interact with several receptors and ion channels. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of antidepressants have not yet been sufficiently clarified. G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K+ (GIRK, Kir3) channels play an important role in regulating neuronal excitability and heart rate, and GIRK channel modulation has been suggested to have therapeutic potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders and cardiac arrhythmias. In the present study, we investigated the effects of various classes of antidepressants on GIRK channels using the Xenopus oocyte expression assay. In oocytes injected with mRNA for GIRK1/GIRK2 or GIRK1/GIRK4 subunits, extracellular application of sertraline, duloxetine, and amoxapine effectively reduced GIRK currents, whereas nefazodone, venlafaxine, mianserin, and mirtazapine weakly inhibited GIRK currents even at toxic levels. The inhibitory effects were concentration-dependent, with various degrees of potency and effectiveness. Furthermore, the effects of sertraline were voltage-independent and time-independent during each voltage pulse, whereas the effects of duloxetine were voltage-dependent with weaker inhibition with negative membrane potentials and time-dependent with a gradual decrease in each voltage pulse. However, Kir2.1 channels were insensitive to all of the drugs. Moreover, the GIRK currents induced by ethanol were inhibited by sertraline but not by intracellularly applied sertraline. The present results suggest that GIRK channel inhibition may reveal a novel characteristic of the commonly used antidepressants, particularly sertraline, and contributes to some of the therapeutic effects and adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kobayashi
- Department of Project Programs, Center for Bioresource-based Researches, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
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Minoura Y, Di Diego JM, Barajas-Martínez H, Zygmunt AC, Hu D, Sicouri S, Antzelevitch C. Ionic and cellular mechanisms underlying the development of acquired Brugada syndrome in patients treated with antidepressants. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011; 23:423-32. [PMID: 22034916 DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2011.02196.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tricyclic antidepressants are known to induce cardiac arrhythmias at therapeutic or supratherapeutic doses. The tricyclic antidepressant, amitriptyline, is reported to induce ST segment elevation in the right precordial electrocardiogram (ECG) leads, thus unmasking Brugada syndrome (BrS). The mechanism by which antidepressants induce the BrS phenotype and associated sudden death is not well established. METHODS AND RESULTS Action potentials (AP) were simultaneously recorded from epicardial and endocardial sites of isolated coronary-perfused canine right ventricular wedge preparations, together with a transmural pseudo-ECG. Amitriptyline alone (0.2 μM-1 mM) failed to induce a BrS phenotype. NS5806 (8 μM), a transient outward potassium channel current (I(to) ) agonist, was used to produce an outward shift of current mimicking a genetic predisposition to BrS. In the presence of NS5806, a therapeutic concentration of amitriptyline (0.2 μM) accentuated the epicardial AP notch leading to ST-segment elevation of the ECG. All-or-none repolarization at some epicardial sites but not others gave rise to phase-2-reentry and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 6 of 9 preparations. Isoproterenol (100 nM) or quinidine (10 μM) reversed the effects of amitriptyline aborting phase 2 reentry and VT (4/4). Using voltage-clamp techniques applied to isolated canine ventricular myocytes, 0.2 μM amitriptyline was shown to produce use-dependent inhibition of sodium channel current (I(Na) ), without significantly affecting I(to) (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that amitriptyline-induced inhibition of I(Na) unmasks the Brugada ECG phenotype and facilitates development of an arrhythmogenic substrate only in the setting of a genetic predisposition by creating repolarization heterogeneities that give rise to phase 2 reentry and VT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshino Minoura
- Masonic Medical Research Laboratory, Utica, New York 13501, USA
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Donovan BT, Bakshi T, Galbraith SE, Nixon CJ, Payne LA, Martens SF. Utility of frozen cell lines in medium throughput electrophysiology screening of hERG and NaV1.5 blockade. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011; 64:269-76. [PMID: 21996251 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of drug candidates must take into account that many compounds have off-target activity against voltage-gated ion channels (VGIC) which may prevent their progression to market. Of particular concern are hERG and hNa(V)1.5. Screening against these ion channels is necessary but expensive, partially due to maintenance of constantly cultured cell lines. Here, we show that frozen HEK-293 cells can be maintained indefinitely, reducing variability in cell performance, time and expense of cell culture. METHODS Cells, constantly cultured or frozen, were assayed on the PatchXpress 7000A using tool compounds. RESULTS Amitriptyline, quinidine, compound A, fluoxetine and imipramine inhibited hERG with IC(50)s (paired values denote constantly cultured and frozen, respectively) of 4.8±0.4 and 5.1±0.4, 1.4±0.1 and 1.1±0.1, 24.4±2.4 and 21.9±1.8, 2.1±0.4 and 2.1±0.1, 5.2±0.4 and 4.0±0.2μM. Quinidine, flecainide, mexiletine and amitriptyline inhibited hNa(V)1.5 with IC(50)s of 46.6±4.3 and 28.0±2.3, 7.6±0.7 and 6.2±0.5, 153.5±13.0 and 106.0±4.7, 5.5±0.5 and 4.8±0.2μM. Voltage dependences of activation (V(1/2)) for hERG were statistically identical, 0.4±0.8mV and 2.5±0.5mV. In hNa(V)1.5, the V(1/2) of inactivation and activation were statistically identical, -82.7±0.1mV versus -84.9±0.3mV, -47.5±0.3mV versus -45.0±0.6mV. Current density in both conditions in hERG experiments was similar, 47.0±4.1pA versus 42.3±6.0pA/pF. DISCUSSION hERG and hNa(V)1.5 screens run using frozen cells have statistically identical IC(50)s, voltage dependence of activation, IV relationships and current density to screens using continuously cultured cells. Frozen cells have more constant performance and allow rapid switching between experiments on several cell lines without sacrificing data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Donovan
- Screening and Compound Profiling, GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA.
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Dennis AT, Nassal D, Deschenes I, Thomas D, Ficker E. Antidepressant-induced ubiquitination and degradation of the cardiac potassium channel hERG. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34413-25. [PMID: 21832094 PMCID: PMC3190784 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.254367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common cause for adverse cardiac events by antidepressants is acquired long QT syndrome (acLQTS), which produces electrocardiographic abnormalities that have been associated with syncope, torsade de pointes arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. acLQTS is often caused by direct block of the cardiac potassium current I(Kr)/hERG, which is crucial for terminal repolarization in human heart. Importantly, desipramine belongs to a group of tricyclic antidepressant compounds that can simultaneously block hERG and inhibit its surface expression. Although up to 40% of all hERG blockers exert combined hERG block and trafficking inhibition, few of these compounds have been fully characterized at the cellular level. Here, we have studied in detail how desipramine inhibits hERG surface expression. We find a previously unrecognized combination of two entirely different mechanisms; desipramine increases hERG endocytosis and degradation as a consequence of drug-induced channel ubiquitination and simultaneously inhibits hERG forward trafficking from the endoplasmic reticulum. This unique combination of cellular effects in conjunction with acute channel block may explain why tricyclic antidepressants as a compound class are notorious for their association with arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Taken together, we describe the first example of drug-induced channel ubiquitination and degradation. Our data are directly relevant to the cardiac safety of not only tricyclic antidepressants but also other therapeutic compounds that exert multiple effects on hERG, as hERG trafficking and degradation phenotypes may go undetected in most preclinical safety assays designed to screen for acLQTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne T. Dennis
- From the Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44109
| | - Drew Nassal
- From the Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44109
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106, and
| | - Isabelle Deschenes
- From the Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44109
- the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44106, and
| | - Dierk Thomas
- the Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Ficker
- From the Rammelkamp Center for Education and Research, MetroHealth Campus, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Ohio 44109
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Electrocardiographic predictors of adverse cardiovascular events in suspected poisoning. J Med Toxicol 2010; 6:106-15. [PMID: 20361362 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-010-0074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Poisoning is the second leading cause of injury-related fatality in the USA and the leading cause of cardiac arrest in victims under 40 years of age. The study objective was to define the electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of adverse cardiovascular events (ACVE) complicating suspected acute poisoning (SAP). This was a case-control study in adults at three tertiary-care hospitals and one regional Poison Control Center. We compared 34 cases of SAP complicated by ACVE to 101 consecutive control patients with uncomplicated SAP. The initial ECG was analyzed for rhythm, intervals, QT dispersion, ischemia, and infarction. ECGs were interpreted by a cardiologist, blinded to study hypothesis and case data. Subjects were 48% male, with mean age 42 +/- 19 years. In addition to clinical suspicion of poisoning in 100% of patients, routine toxicology screens were positive in 77%, most commonly for benzodiazepines, opioids, and/or acetaminophen. Neither the ventricular rate, the QRS duration, nor the presence of infarction predicted the risk of ACVE. However, the rhythm, QTc, QT dispersion, and presence of ischemia correlated with the risk of ACVE. Independent predictors of ACVE based on multivariable logistic regression were prolonged QTc, any non-sinus rhythm, ventricular ectopy, and ischemia. Recursive partitioning analysis identified very low risk criteria (94.1% sensitivity, 96.2% NPV) and high risk criteria (95% specificity). Among patients with SAP, the presence of QTc prolongation, QT dispersion, ventricular ectopy, any non-sinus rhythm, and evidence of ischemia on the initial ECG are strongly associated with ACVE.
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Obers S, Staudacher I, Ficker E, Dennis A, Koschny R, Erdal H, Bloehs R, Kisselbach J, Karle CA, Schweizer PA, Katus HA, Thomas D. Multiple mechanisms of hERG liability: K+ current inhibition, disruption of protein trafficking, and apoptosis induced by amoxapine. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2010; 381:385-400. [PMID: 20229012 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0496-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant amoxapine has been linked to cases of QT prolongation, acute heart failure, and sudden death. Inhibition of cardiac hERG (Kv11.1) potassium channels causes prolonged repolarization and is implicated in apoptosis. Apoptosis in association with amoxapine has not yet been reported. This study was designed to investigate amoxapine effects on hERG currents, hERG protein trafficking, and hERG-associated apoptosis in order to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac side effects of the drug. hERG channels were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes and HEK 293 cells, and potassium currents were recorded using patch clamp and two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology. Protein trafficking was evaluated in HEK 293 cells by Western blot analysis, and cell viability was assessed in HEK cells by immunocytochemistry and colorimetric MTT assay. Amoxapine caused acute hERG blockade in oocytes (IC(50) = 21.6 microM) and in HEK 293 cells (IC(50) = 5.1 microM). Mutation of residues Y652 and F656 attenuated hERG blockade, suggesting drug binding to a receptor inside the channel pore. Channels were mainly blocked in open and inactivated states, and voltage dependence was observed with reduced inhibition at positive potentials. Amoxapine block was reverse frequency-dependent and caused accelerated and leftward-shifted inactivation. Furthermore, amoxapine application resulted in chronic reduction of hERG trafficking into the cell surface membrane (IC(50) = 15.3 microM). Finally, the antidepressant drug triggered apoptosis in cells expressing hERG channels. We provide evidence for triple mechanisms of hERG liability associated with amoxapine: (1) direct hERG current inhibition, (2) disruption of hERG protein trafficking, and (3) induction of apoptosis. Further experiments are required to validate a specific pro-apoptotic effect mediated through blockade of hERG channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Obers
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Hidaka S, Yamasaki H, Ohmayu Y, Matsuura A, Okamoto K, Kawashita N, Takagi T. Nonlinear classification of hERG channel inhibitory activity by unsupervised classification method. J Toxicol Sci 2010; 35:393-9. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.35.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Akiko Matsuura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Kousuke Okamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Norihito Kawashita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
- Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University
- Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections
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Abstract
The myocardium is the target of toxicity for a number of drugs. Based on pharmacological evidence, cellular targets for drugs that produce adverse reactions can be categorized into a number of sites that include the cell membrane-bound receptors, the second messenger system, ionic channels, ionic pumps, and intracellular organelles. Additionally, interference with the neuronal input to the heart can also present a global site where adverse drug effects can manifest themselves. Simply, a drug can interfere with the normal cardiac action by modifying an ion channel function at the plasma membrane level leading to abnormal repolarization and/or depolarization of the heart cells thus precipitating a disruption in the rhythm and causing dysfunction in contractions and/or relaxations of myocytes. It is now recognized that toxic actions of drugs against the myocardium are not exclusive to the antitumor or the so-called cardiac drugs, and many other drugs with diverse chemical structures, such as antimicrobial, antimalarial, antihistamines, psychiatric, and gastrointestinal medications, seem to be capable of severely compromising myocardium function. At present, great emphasis in terms of drug safety is being placed on the interaction of many classes of drugs with the hERG potassium channel in cardiac tissue. The interest in the latter channel stems from the simplified view that drugs that block the hERG potassium channel cause prolongation of the QT interval, and this can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Based on the evidence in the current literature, this concept does not seem to always hold true.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Tabrizchi
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Sciences Centre, St. John's, NL, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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Cherubino F, Miszner A, Renna MD, Sangaletti R, Giovannardi S, Bossi E. GABA transporter lysine 448: a key residue for tricyclic antidepressants interaction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3797-808. [PMID: 19756379 PMCID: PMC11115653 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0153-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The effects of three tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and two serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been studied with an electrophysiological approach on Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing the rat GABA (gamma-Aminobutyric-acid) transporter rGAT1. All tested TCAs and SSRIs inhibit the GABA-associated current in a dose-dependent way with low but comparable efficacy. The pre-steady-state and uncoupled currents appear substantially unaffected. The efficacy of desipramine, but not of the other drugs, is strongly increased in the lysine-glutamate or -aspartate mutants K448E and K448D. Comparison of I(max) and K(0.5GABA) in the absence and presence of desipramine showed that both parameters are reduced by the drug in the wild-type and in the K448E mutant. This suggests an uncompetitive inhibition, in which the drug can bind only after the substrate, an explanation in agreement with the lack of effects on the pre-steady-state and leak currents, and with the known structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cherubino
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSM, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Fondazione Maugeri IRCCS, Via Roncaccio 16, Tradate, VA Italy
| | - Andreea Miszner
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSM, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Daniela Renna
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSM, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Rachele Sangaletti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSM, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Stefano Giovannardi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSM, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Neurosciences Center, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Elena Bossi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Sciences, University of Insubria, DBSM, Via Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Neurosciences Center, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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Xing J, Ma J, Zhang P, Fan X. Block effect of capsaicin on hERG potassium currents is enhanced by S6 mutation at Y652. Eur J Pharmacol 2009; 630:1-9. [PMID: 19903464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the inhibitory action of capsaicin on wild-type (WT) and mutation human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel currents (I(hERG)), and to determine whether mutations in the S6 region are significant for the inhibition of I(hERG) by capsaicin. The hERG channel (WT, Y652A and F656A) was expressed in Xenopus oocytes and studied using standard two-microelectrode voltage-clamp techniques. The results show that capsaicin blocks WT hERG in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC(50) of 17.45microM and a negative shift in the steady-state inactivation curve. Characteristics of blockade were consistent with capsaicin causing components of block in both the closed and open channel states. However, mutating the Y652 residue to Ala enhances the blockade effect of capsaicin with an IC(50) of 4.11microM, whereas mutation of F656A does not significantly alter drug potency. Simultaneously, for Y652A, the steady-state activation parameter is shifted to a more positive value by 5mV and the inactivation parameter is shifted to a more negative value by -29mV in the presence of 25microM capsaicin. In conclusion, capsaicin blocks hERG channels by binding to both the closed and open channel states.Y652 was important as a molecular determinant of blockade. Mutation Y652A enhances the drug block, which may cause some patients to be particularly sensitive to capsaicin clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlian Xing
- Cardio-Electrophysiological Research Laboratory, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Guo L, Dong Z, Guthrie H. Validation of a guinea pig Langendorff heart model for assessing potential cardiovascular liability of drug candidates. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009; 60:130-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2009.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Polak S, Wiśniowska B, Brandys J. Collation, assessment and analysis of literature in vitro data on hERG receptor blocking potency for subsequent modeling of drugs' cardiotoxic properties. J Appl Toxicol 2009; 29:183-206. [PMID: 18988205 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The assessment of the torsadogenic potency of a new chemical entity is a crucial issue during lead optimization and the drug development process. It is required by the regulatory agencies during the registration process. In recent years, there has been a considerable interest in developing in silico models, which allow prediction of drug-hERG channel interaction at the early stage of a drug development process. The main mechanism underlying an acquired QT syndrome and a potentially fatal arrhythmia called torsades de pointes is the inhibition of potassium channel encoded by hERG (the human ether-a-go-go-related gene). The concentration producing half-maximal block of the hERG potassium current (IC(50)) is a surrogate marker for proarrhythmic properties of compounds and is considered a test for cardiac safety of drugs or drug candidates. The IC(50) values, obtained from data collected during electrophysiological studies, are highly dependent on experimental conditions (i.e. model, temperature, voltage protocol). For the in silico models' quality and performance, the data quality and consistency is a crucial issue. Therefore the main objective of our work was to collect and assess the hERG IC(50) data available in accessible scientific literature to provide a high-quality data set for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Polak
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical Collage, Jagiellonian University, Poland.
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Wiśniowska B, Polak S. hERG in vitro interchange factors—development and verification. Toxicol Mech Methods 2009; 19:278-84. [DOI: 10.1080/15376510902777194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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47
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WANG XJ, YANG Q, YIN DL, CHEN YD, YOU QD. A Pharmacophore Modeling Study of Drugs Inducing Cardiotoxic Side Effects. CHINESE J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200890380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Sala M, Lazzaretti M, De Vidovich G, Caverzasi E, Barale F, d'Allio G, Brambilla P. Electrophysiological changes of cardiac function during antidepressant treatment. Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis 2008; 3:29-43. [PMID: 19124389 DOI: 10.1177/1753944708096282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Some antidepressant agents can cause electrophysiological changes of cardiac function leading to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. However, antidepressants have also protective effects on the heart through their capacity to modulate cardiac autonomic-mediated physiological responses. Heart rate variability and QTc length are two strictly linked parameters that allow us to appreciate the effects of different drugs on cardiac physiology. Heart rate variability reflects functioning of the autonomic nervous system and possibly also regulation by the limbic system. Autonomic regulation of cardiac activity influences also cardiac repolarization and QT length, both directly and via its effects on heart rate. In this review we present the methodologies adopted to study the effect of antidepressant drugs on QT length and heart rate variability and we summarize data on electrophysiological changes related to antidepressant treatment. Clinical implications for the choice of different antidepressants in different clinical populations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Sala
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Alessandria, Presidio di Casale Monferrato, Department of Mental Health, Italy.
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Pharmacology of the short QT syndrome N588K-hERG K+ channel mutation: differential impact on selected class I and class III antiarrhythmic drugs. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:957-66. [PMID: 18724381 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The short QT syndrome (SQTS) is associated with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. The SQT1 form of SQTS results from an inactivation-attenuated, gain-of-function mutation (N588K) to the human ether-à-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel. Pharmacological blockade of this mutated hERG channel may have therapeutic value. However, hERG-blocking potencies of canonical inhibitors such as E-4031 and D-sotalol are significantly reduced for N588K-hERG. Here, five hERG-blocking drugs were compared to determine their relative potencies for inhibiting N588K channels, and two other inactivation-attenuated mutant channels were tested to investigate the association between impaired inactivation and altered drug potency. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Whole-cell patch clamp measurements of hERG current (I(hERG)) mediated by wild-type and mutant (N588K, S631A and N588K/S631A) channels were made at 37 degrees C CHO cells. KEY RESULTS The N588K mutation attenuated I(hERG) inhibition in the following order: E-4031>amiodarone>quinidine>propafenone>disopyramide. Comparing the three inactivation mutants, the two single mutations, although occurring in different modules of the channel, attenuated inactivation to a nearly identical degree, whereas the double mutant caused considerably greater attenuation, permitting the titration of inactivation. Attenuation of channel inhibition was similar between the single mutants for each drug, and was significantly greater with the double mutant. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The degree of drug inhibition of hERG channels may vary based on the level of channel inactivation. Drugs previously identified as useful for treating SQT1 have the least dependence on hERG inactivation. In addition, our findings indicate that amiodarone may warrant further investigation as a potential treatment for SQT1.
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50
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