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Schmidt C, Deyett A, Ilmer T, Haendeler S, Torres Caballero A, Novatchkova M, Netzer MA, Ceci Ginistrelli L, Mancheno Juncosa E, Bhattacharya T, Mujadzic A, Pimpale L, Jahnel SM, Cirigliano M, Reumann D, Tavernini K, Papai N, Hering S, Hofbauer P, Mendjan S. Multi-chamber cardioids unravel human heart development and cardiac defects. Cell 2023; 186:5587-5605.e27. [PMID: 38029745 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The number one cause of human fetal death are defects in heart development. Because the human embryonic heart is inaccessible and the impacts of mutations, drugs, and environmental factors on the specialized functions of different heart compartments are not captured by in vitro models, determining the underlying causes is difficult. Here, we established a human cardioid platform that recapitulates the development of all major embryonic heart compartments, including right and left ventricles, atria, outflow tract, and atrioventricular canal. By leveraging 2D and 3D differentiation, we efficiently generated progenitor subsets with distinct first, anterior, and posterior second heart field identities. This advance enabled the reproducible generation of cardioids with compartment-specific in vivo-like gene expression profiles, morphologies, and functions. We used this platform to unravel the ontogeny of signal and contraction propagation between interacting heart chambers and dissect how mutations, teratogens, and drugs cause compartment-specific defects in the developing human heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alison Deyett
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Ilmer
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; FH Campus Wien, Favoritenstraße 226, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Haendeler
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Aranxa Torres Caballero
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael A Netzer
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lavinia Ceci Ginistrelli
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Estela Mancheno Juncosa
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanishta Bhattacharya
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amra Mujadzic
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lokesh Pimpale
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan M Jahnel
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Cirigliano
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Reumann
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katherina Tavernini
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nora Papai
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna, and Medical University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pablo Hofbauer
- HeartBeat.bio AG, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sasha Mendjan
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Dr. Bohr Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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Faleschini T, Syafni N, Schulte HL, Garifulina A, Hering S, Espindola LS, Hamburger M. A neolignan from Connarus tuberosus as an allosteric GABA A receptor modulator at the neurosteroid binding site. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114498. [PMID: 36906973 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In a screening of a small library of extracts from plants of the Amazonian and Cerrado biomes, a hexane extract of Connarus tuberosus roots was found to significantly potentiate the GABA induced fluorescence in a fluorescence (FLIPR) assay in CHO cells stably expressing the α1β2γ2 subtype of human GABAA receptors. With the aid of HPLC-based activity profiling the activity was linked to the neolignan connarin. In CHO cells the activity of connarin was not abolished by increasing concentrations of flumazenil, while the effect of diazepam was increased by increasing concentrations of connarin. The effect of connarin was abolished by pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS) in a concentration-dependent manner, and the effect of allopregnanolone was further increased by increasing concentrations of connarin. In a two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay with Xenopus laevis oocytes transiently expressing GABAA receptors composed of human α1β2γ2S and α1β2 subunits connarin potentiated the GABA-induced currents, with EC50 values of 1.2 ± 0.3 μM (α1β2γ2S) and 1.3 ± 0.4 μM (α1β2), and with a maximum enhancement of currents Emax of 1959 ± 70% (α1β2γ2S) and 185 ± 48% (α1β2). The activation induced by connarin was abolished by increasing concentrations of PREGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Faleschini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nova Syafni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Faculty of Pharmacy and Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University, 25163 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - Heidi Luise Schulte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland; Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Garifulina
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Laila Salmen Espindola
- Universidade de Brasília, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Heider J, Kilian J, Garifulina A, Hering S, Langer T, Seidel T. Apo2ph4: A Versatile Workflow for the Generation of Receptor-based Pharmacophore Models for Virtual Screening. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:101-110. [PMID: 36526584 PMCID: PMC9832483 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacophore models are widely used as efficient virtual screening (VS) filters for the target-directed enrichment of large compound libraries. However, the generation of pharmacophore models that have the power to discriminate between active and inactive molecules traditionally requires structural information about ligand-target complexes or at the very least knowledge of one active ligand. The fact that the discovery of the first known active ligand of a newly investigated target represents a major hurdle at the beginning of every drug discovery project underscores the need for methods that are able to derive high-quality pharmacophore models even without the prior knowledge of any active ligand structures. In this work, we introduce a novel workflow, called apo2ph4, that enables the rapid derivation of pharmacophore models solely from the three-dimensional structure of the target receptor. The utility of this workflow is demonstrated retrospectively for the generation of a pharmacophore model for the M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Furthermore, in order to show the general applicability of apo2ph4, the workflow was employed for all 15 targets of the recently published LIT-PCBA dataset. Pharmacophore-based VS runs using the apo2ph4-derived models achieved a significant enrichment of actives for 13 targets. In the last presented example, a pharmacophore model derived from the etomidate site of the α1β2γ2 GABAA receptor was used in VS campaigns. Subsequent in vitro testing of selected hits revealed that 19 out of 20 (95%) tested compounds were able to significantly enhance GABA currents, which impressively demonstrates the applicability of apo2ph4 for real-world drug design projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Heider
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz
2, 1090Vienna, Austria,Vienna
Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Kilian
- Vienna
Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090Vienna, Austria,Department
of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear
Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Garifulina
- Division
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Division
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz
2, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz
2, 1090Vienna, Austria,
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4
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Baltov B, Beyl S, Baburin I, Reinhardt J, Szkokan P, Garifulina A, Timin E, Kraushaar U, Potterat O, Hamburger M, Kügler P, Hering S. Assay for evaluation of proarrhythmic effects of herbal products: Case study with 12 Evodia preparations. Toxicol Rep 2023; 10:589-599. [PMID: 37213814 PMCID: PMC10196857 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Guidelines for preclinical drug development reduce the occurrence of arrhythmia-related side effects. Besides ample evidence for the presence of arrhythmogenic substances in plants, there is no consensus on a research strategy for the evaluation of proarrhythmic effects of herbal products. Here, we propose a cardiac safety assay for the detection of proarrhythmic effects of plant extracts based on the experimental approaches described in the Comprehensive In vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CiPA). Microelectrode array studies (MEAs) and voltage sensing optical technique on human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) were combined with ionic current measurements in mammalian cell lines, In-silico simulations of cardiac action potentials (APs) and statistic regression analysis. Proarrhythmic effects of 12 Evodia preparations, containing different amounts of the hERG inhibitors dehydroevodiamine (DHE) and hortiamine were analysed. Extracts produced different prolongation of the AP, occurrence of early after depolarisations and triangulation of the AP in hiPSC-CMs depending on the contents of the hERG inhibitors. DHE and hortiamine dose-dependently prolonged the field potential duration in hiPSC-CMs studied with MEAs. In-silico simulations of ventricular AP support a scenario where proarrhythmic effects of Evodia extracts are predominantly caused by the content of the selective hERG inhibitors. Statistic regression analysis revealed a high torsadogenic risk for both compounds that was comparable to drugs assigned to the high-risk category in a CiPA study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhidar Baltov
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- ChanPharm GmbH, Am Kanal 27, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Igor Baburin
- ChanPharm GmbH, Am Kanal 27, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Reinhardt
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Aleksandra Garifulina
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugen Timin
- ChanPharm GmbH, Am Kanal 27, 1110 Vienna, Austria
| | - Udo Kraushaar
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Kügler
- University of Hohenheim, Institute of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Computational Science Hub, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Steffen Hering
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- ChanPharm GmbH, Am Kanal 27, 1110 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence to: Am Kanal 27,2/3/5–7, 1110 Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Syafni N, Faleschini MT, Garifulina A, Danton O, Gupta MP, Hering S, Hamburger M. Clerodane Diterpenes from Casearia corymbosa as Allosteric GABA A Receptor Modulators. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:1201-1210. [PMID: 35475609 PMCID: PMC9150179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An EtOAc extract of Casearia corymbosa leaves led to an allosteric potentiation of the GABA signal in a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing GABAA receptors with an α1β2γ2 subunit composition. The activity was tracked by HPLC-based activity profiling, and four known (2, 3, 4, and 8) and five new clerodane-type diterpenoids (1, 5-7, and 9) were isolated. Compounds 1-8 were obtained from the active time window. The absolute configuration of all compounds was established by ECD. Compounds 3, 7, and 8 exhibited EC50 values of 0.5, 4.6, and 1.4 μM, respectively. To explore possible binding sites at the receptor, the most abundant diterpenoid 8 was tested in combination with diazepam, etazolate, and allopregnanolone. An additive potentiation of the GABA signal was observed with these compounds, while the effect of 8 was not inhibited by flumazenil, a negative allosteric modulator at the benzodiazepine binding site. Finally, the activity was validated in voltage clamp studies on Xenopus laevis oocytes transiently expressing GABAA receptors of the α1β2γ2S and α1β2 subtypes. Compound 8 potentiated GABA-induced currents with both receptor subunit compositions [EC50 (α1β2γ2S) = 43.6 μM; Emax = 809% and EC50 (α1β2) = 57.6 μM; Emax = 534%]. The positive modulation of GABA-induced currents was not inhibited by flumazenil, thereby confirming an allosteric modulation independent of the benzodiazepine binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nova Syafni
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University, Kampus Limau Manis, Padang, West Sumatra 25175, Indonesia
| | - Maria Teresa Faleschini
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Aleksandra Garifulina
- Division
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Pharmaziezentrum, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ombeline Danton
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mahabir P. Gupta
- Center
for Pharmacognostic Research on Panamanian Flora, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Panama, Panama City 0801, Panama
| | - Steffen Hering
- Division
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Pharmaziezentrum, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical
Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Aweimer A, El-Battrawy I, Akin I, Borggrefe M, Mügge A, Patsalis PC, Urban A, Kummer M, Vasileva S, Stachon A, Hering S, Dietrich JW. Abnormal thyroid function is common in takotsubo syndrome and depends on two distinct mechanisms: results of a multicentre observational study. J Intern Med 2021; 289:675-687. [PMID: 33179374 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several reports have described Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) secondary to thyrotoxicosis. A complex interaction of central and peripheral catecholamines with thyroid homeostasis has been suggested. In this study, we analysed sequential thyroid hormone profiles during the acute phase of TTS. METHODS Thyrotropin (TSH), free T4 (FT4) and free T3 (FT3) concentrations were analysed at predefined time points in 32 patients presenting with TTS or acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n = 16 in each group) in a 2-year period in two German university hospitals. Data were compared to age- and sex-matched controls (10 samples, each of 16 subjects), and an unsupervised machine learning (ML) algorithm identified patterns in the hormone signature. Subjects with thyroid disease and patients receiving amiodarone were excluded from follow-up. RESULTS Among patients with TTS, FT4 concentrations were significantly higher when compared to controls or ACS. Four subjects (25%) suffered from subclinical or overt thyrotoxicosis. Two additional patients developed subclinical or overt thyrotoxicosis during stay in hospital. In four subjects (25%), FT4 concentrations were increased, despite nonsuppressed TSH concentration, representing an elevated set point of thyroid homeostasis. The thyroid hormone profile was normal in only six patients (38%) presenting with TTS. CONCLUSION Abnormal thyroid function is frequent in patients with TTS. Primary hyperthyroidism and an elevated set point of thyroid homeostasis are common in TTS, suggesting a stress-dependent endocrine response or type 2 thyroid allostasis. Thyroid function may be a worthwhile target in treating or preventing TTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aweimer
- From the, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - I El-Battrawy
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - I Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M Borggrefe
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - A Mügge
- From the, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - P C Patsalis
- From the, Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Urban
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensiv- und Palliativmedizin, Klinikum Kaufbeuren, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | - M Kummer
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University Medical Centre Mannheim (UMM), University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - S Vasileva
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Stachon
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - S Hering
- Medizinische Klinik III, Diabetes Zentrum Rheine, Mathias Spital, Rheine, Germany
| | - J W Dietrich
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany.,Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University of Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
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7
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Thurner M, Deutsch M, Janke K, Messner F, Kreutzer C, Beyl S, Couillard-Després S, Hering S, Troppmair J, Marksteiner R. Generation of myogenic progenitor cell-derived smooth muscle cells for sphincter regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:233. [PMID: 32532320 PMCID: PMC7291744 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of smooth muscles in sphincters can cause debilitating diseases such as fecal incontinence. Skeletal muscle-derived cells have been effectively used in clinics for the regeneration of the skeletal muscle sphincters, such as the external anal or urinary sphincter. However, little is known about the in vitro smooth muscle differentiation potential and in vivo regenerative potential of skeletal muscle-derived cells. METHODS Myogenic progenitor cells (MPC) were isolated from the skeletal muscle and analyzed by flow cytometry and in vitro differentiation assays. The differentiation of MPC to smooth muscle cells (MPC-SMC) was evaluated by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, patch-clamp, collagen contraction, and microarray gene expression analysis. In vivo engraftment of MPC-SMC was monitored by transplanting reporter protein-expressing cells into the pyloric sphincter of immunodeficient mice. RESULTS MPC derived from human skeletal muscle expressed mesenchymal surface markers and exhibit skeletal myogenic differentiation potential in vitro. In contrast, they lack hematopoietic surface marker, as well as adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potential in vitro. Cultivation of MPC in smooth muscle differentiation medium significantly increases the fraction of alpha smooth muscle actin (aSMA) and smoothelin-positive cells, while leaving the number of desmin-positive cells unchanged. Smooth muscle-differentiated MPC (MPC-SMC) exhibit increased expression of smooth muscle-related genes, significantly enhanced numbers of CD146- and CD49a-positive cells, and in vitro contractility and express functional Cav and Kv channels. MPC to MPC-SMC differentiation was also accompanied by a reduction in their skeletal muscle differentiation potential. Upon removal of the smooth muscle differentiation medium, a major fraction of MPC-SMC remained positive for aSMA, suggesting the definitive acquisition of their phenotype. Transplantation of murine MPC-SMC into the mouse pyloric sphincter revealed engraftment of MPC-SMC based on aSMA protein expression within the host smooth muscle tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our work confirms the ability of MPC to give rise to smooth muscle cells (MPC-SMC) with a well-defined and stable phenotype. Moreover, the engraftment of in vitro-differentiated murine MPC-SMC into the pyloric sphincter in vivo underscores the potential of this cell population as a novel cell therapeutic treatment for smooth muscle regeneration of sphincters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Thurner
- Innovacell Biotechnologie AG, Mitterweg 24, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Visceral Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin Deutsch
- Innovacell Biotechnologie AG, Mitterweg 24, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Janke
- Innovacell Biotechnologie AG, Mitterweg 24, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Franka Messner
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Visceral Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina Kreutzer
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sébastien Couillard-Després
- Institute of Experimental Neuroregeneration, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg (SCI-TReCS), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakob Troppmair
- Daniel Swarovski Research Laboratory (DSL), Visceral Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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8
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Kalaba P, Ilić M, Aher NY, Dragačević V, Wieder M, Zehl M, Wackerlig J, Beyl S, Sartori SB, Ebner K, Roller A, Lukic N, Beryozkina T, Gonzalez ERP, Neill P, Khan JA, Bakulev V, Leban JJ, Hering S, Pifl C, Singewald N, Lubec J, Urban E, Sitte HH, Langer T, Lubec G. Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Thiazole-Based Modafinil Analogues Acting at Monoamine Transporters. J Med Chem 2019; 63:391-417. [PMID: 31841637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors, such as modafinil, are used for the treatment of sleeping disorders and investigated as potential therapeutics against cocaine addiction and for cognitive enhancement. Our continuous effort to find modafinil analogues with higher inhibitory activity on and selectivity toward the dopamine transporter (DAT) has previously led to the promising thiazole-containing derivatives CE-103, CE-111, CE-123, and CE-125. Here, we describe the synthesis and activity of a series of compounds based on these scaffolds, which resulted in several new selective DAT inhibitors and gave valuable insights into the structure-activity relationships. Introduction of the second chiral center and subsequent chiral separations provided all four stereoisomers, whereby the S-configuration on both generally exerted the highest activity and selectivity on DAT. The representative compound of this series was further characterized by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies that have demonstrated both safety and efficacy profile of this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Kalaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marija Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nilima Y Aher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vladimir Dragačević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marcus Wieder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Simone B Sartori
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Karl Ebner
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Natalie Lukic
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Tetyana Beryozkina
- Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira st. , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Eduardo Rene Perez Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Fine Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Sao Paulo State , Roberto Simonsen 305 , CEP 19060-900 , Presidente Prudente , SP , Brazil
| | - Philip Neill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Jawad Akbar Khan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira st. , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Johann Jakob Leban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Centre for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Jana Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory , Paracelsus Medical University , A-5020 Salzburg , Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory , Paracelsus Medical University , A-5020 Salzburg , Austria
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9
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Qile M, Beekman HDM, Sprenkeler DJ, Houtman MJC, van Ham WB, Stary-Weinzinger A, Beyl S, Hering S, van den Berg DJ, de Lange ECM, Heitman LH, IJzerman AP, Vos MA, van der Heyden MAG. LUF7244, an allosteric modulator/activator of K v 11.1 channels, counteracts dofetilide-induced torsades de pointes arrhythmia in the chronic atrioventricular block dog model. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3871-3885. [PMID: 31339551 PMCID: PMC6780032 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Kv 11.1 (hERG) channel blockade is an adverse effect of many drugs and lead compounds, associated with lethal cardiac arrhythmias. LUF7244 is a negative allosteric modulator/activator of Kv 11.1 channels that inhibits early afterdepolarizations in vitro. We tested LUF7244 for antiarrhythmic efficacy and potential proarrhythmia in a dog model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH LUF7244 was tested in vitro for (a) increasing human IKv11.1 and canine IKr and (b) decreasing dofetilide-induced action potential lengthening and early afterdepolarizations in cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells and canine isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. In vivo, LUF7244 was given intravenously to anaesthetized dogs in sinus rhythm or with chronic atrioventricular block. KEY RESULTS LUF7244 (0.5-10 μM) concentration dependently increased IKv11.1 by inhibiting inactivation. In vitro, LUF7244 (10 μM) had no effects on IKIR2.1 , INav1.5 , ICa-L , and IKs , doubled IKr , shortened human and canine action potential duration by approximately 50%, and inhibited dofetilide-induced early afterdepolarizations. LUF7244 (2.5 mg·kg-1 ·15 min-1 ) in dogs with sinus rhythm was not proarrhythmic and shortened, non-significantly, repolarization parameters (QTc: -6.8%). In dogs with chronic atrioventricular block, LUF7244 prevented dofetilide-induced torsades de pointes arrhythmias in 5/7 animals without normalization of the QTc. Peak LUF7244 plasma levels were 1.75 ± 0.80 during sinus rhythm and 2.34 ± 1.57 μM after chronic atrioventricular block. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS LUF7244 counteracted dofetilide-induced early afterdepolarizations in vitro and torsades de pointes in vivo. Allosteric modulators/activators of Kv 11.1 channels might neutralize adverse cardiac effects of existing drugs and newly developed compounds that display QTc lengthening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Qile
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henriette D M Beekman
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - David J Sprenkeler
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marien J C Houtman
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem B van Ham
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dirk-Jan van den Berg
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura H Heitman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ad P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Hamulić D, Stadler M, Hering S, Padrón JM, Bassett R, Rivas F, Loza-Mejía MA, Dea-Ayuela MA, González-Cardenete MA. Synthesis and Biological Studies of (+)-Liquiditerpenoic Acid A (Abietopinoic Acid) and Representative Analogues: SAR Studies. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:823-831. [PMID: 30840453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The first semisynthesis and biological profiling of the new abietane diterpenoid (+)-liquiditerpenoic acid A (abietopinoic acid) (7) along with several analogues are reported. The compounds were obtained from readily available methyl dehydroabietate (8), which was derived from (-)-abietic acid (1). Biological comparison was conducted according to the different functional groups, leading to some basic structure-activity relationships (SAR). In particular, the ferruginol and sugiol analogues 7 and 10-16 were characterized by the presence of an acetylated phenolic moiety, an oxidized C-7 as a carbonyl, and a different functional group at C-18 (methoxycarbonyl, carboxylic acid, and hydroxymethyl). The biological properties of these compounds were investigated against a panel of six representative human tumor solid cells (A549, HBL-100, HeLa, SW1573, T-47D, and WiDr), five leukemia cellular models (NALM-06, KOPN-8, SUP-B15, UoCB1, and BCR-ABL), and four Leishmania species ( L. infantum, L. donovani, L. amazonensis, and L. guyanensis). A molecular docking study pointed out some targets in these Leishmania species. In addition, the ability of the compounds to modulate GABAA receptors (α1β2γ2s) is also reported. The combined findings indicate that these abietane diterpenoids offer a source of novel bioactive molecules with promising pharmacological properties from cheap chiral-pool building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Hamulić
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) , Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
| | - Marco Stadler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - José M Padrón
- BioLab, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica "Antonio González" (IUBO-AG), Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Canarias (CIBICAN) , Universidad de La Laguna , C/Astrofísico Francisco Sanchez 2 , La Laguna 38200 , Tenerife , Spain
| | - Rachel Bassett
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 , United States
| | - Fatima Rivas
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics , St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , Memphis , Tennessee 38105 , United States
| | - Marco A Loza-Mejía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas , Universidad La Salle México , Avenue Benjamín Franklin 45 , Condesa , 06140 Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - M Auxiliadora Dea-Ayuela
- Departamento de Farmacia , Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera , Avenida Seminario s/n , 46113 Moncada (Valencia) , Spain
| | - Miguel A González-Cardenete
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (UPV-CSIC) , Universitat Politècnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas , Avenida de los Naranjos s/n , 46022 Valencia , Spain
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11
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Hering S, Wiegand S. Systemic inflammatory response after endoscopic surgery of Zenker's diverticulum. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2019; 39:230-234. [PMID: 30745590 PMCID: PMC6734204 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zenker’s diverticulum can be treated with a carbon dioxide laser or linear stapling device. A retrospective study on patients undergoing elective surgery for Zenker`s diverticulum with carbon dioxide laser or stapler was performed to analyse possible differences in inflammatory responses during the postoperative period. Leucocyte counts and C-reactive protein levels in peripheral blood were measured before and on days 1, 2, 3 and 5 after the operation. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test. Of 34 patients, 16 were treated by laser and 18 by stapler. Age, sex ratio and ASA grade did not differ between the groups. Postoperative leukocytosis was significantly milder in the stapler group compared with patients who were treated by carbon dioxide laser. The mean C-reactive protein (CRP) level on day 1, 2 and 3 after surgery was significantly higher in the CO2 laser group than in the stapler group. Leukocyte counts recovered on day 3 after surgery in both groups while CRP levels did not decline to preoperative levels at day 5 after the operation in either group. No inflammatory complications such as mediastinitis or pneumonia occurred. In conclusion, the inflammatory response in the early period after carbon dioxide laser diverticulotomy of Zenker’s diverticulum is higher than after stapler-assisted surgery of Zenker’s diverticulum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hering
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - S Wiegand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Syafni N, Moradi-Afrapoli F, Danton O, Wilhelm A, Stadler M, Hering S, Potterat O, Hamburger M. HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for GABA A Receptor Modulators in Murraya exotica. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1901400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A dichloromethane extract from twigs and leaves of Murraya exotica produced allosteric potentiation of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) induced chloride currents in a microelectrode assay in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing GABA receptors of α1, β2, γ2s subunit composition. The activity was tracked by HPLC-based activity profiling utilizing a zebrafish locomotor activity assay. Osthol (9) was identified as the main active compound. In addition, five other coumarins and four flavonols were identified. Osthol (9) and structurally related coumurrayin (10) were tested in the Xenopus oocyte assay. Compound 9 potentiated GABAA-induced chloride currents by 487 ± 42%, with an EC50 of 46 ± 10 μM, while 10 showed negligible effects on chloride currents. In silico evaluation of physicochemical properties showed that 9 and 10 had properties that are favorable for oral bioavailability and BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nova Syafni
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Pharmacy/Sumatran Biota Laboratory, Andalas University, 25163 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | | | - Ombeline Danton
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anke Wilhelm
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, 9300 Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marco Stadler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Hering S, Schultz N, Galert T. Menschenwürde im Angesicht neuer Technologien. Ethik Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00481-018-0511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Stadler M, Monticelli S, Seidel T, Luger D, Salzer I, Boehm S, Holzer W, Schwarzer C, Urban E, Khom S, Langer T, Pace V, Hering S. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel β2/3 Subunit-Selective γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABA A) Receptor Modulators. J Med Chem 2018; 62:317-341. [PMID: 30289721 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Subunit-selective modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) is considered to exert fewer side effects compared to unselective clinically used drugs. Here, the β2/3 subunit-selective GABAAR modulators valerenic acid (VA) and loreclezole (LOR) guided the synthesis of novel subunit-selective ligands with simplified structures. We studied their effects on GABAARs expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes using two-microelectrode voltage clamp technique. Five compounds showed significantly more efficacious modulation of GABA-evoked currents than VA and LOR with retained potency and selectivity. Compound 18 [( E)-2-Cyano-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)but-2-enamide] induced the highest maximal modulation of GABA-induced chloride currents ( Emax: 3114 ± 242%), while 12 [( Z)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)but-2-enenitrile] displayed the highest potency (EC50: 13 ± 2 μM). Furthermore, in hippocampal neurons 12 facilitated phasic and tonic GABAergic inhibition, and in vivo studies revealed significantly more potent protection against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures compared to VA and LOR. Collectively, compound 12 constitutes a novel, simplified, and subunit-selective GABAAR modulator with low-dose anticonvulsant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Stadler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Serena Monticelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Denise Luger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Isabella Salzer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology , Medical University Vienna , Schwarzspanierstraße 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Stefan Boehm
- Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology , Medical University Vienna , Schwarzspanierstraße 17 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Christoph Schwarzer
- Department of Pharmacology , Medical University Innsbruck , Peter-Mayr-Straße 1a , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria.,Department of Neuroscience , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
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15
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Abstract
Tuned calcium entry through voltage-gated calcium channels is a key requirement for many cellular functions. This is ensured by channel gates which open during membrane depolarizations and seal the pore at rest. The gating process is determined by distinct sub-processes: movement of voltage-sensing domains (charged S4 segments) as well as opening and closure of S6 gates. Neutralization of S4 charges revealed that pore opening of CaV1.2 is triggered by a "gate releasing" movement of all four S4 segments with activation of IS4 (and IIIS4) being a rate-limiting stage. Segment IS4 additionally plays a crucial role in channel inactivation. Remarkably, S4 segments carrying only a single charged residue efficiently participate in gating. However, the complete set of S4 charges is required for stabilization of the open state. Voltage clamp fluorometry, the cryo-EM structure of a mammalian calcium channel, biophysical and pharmacological studies, and mathematical simulations have all contributed to a novel interpretation of the role of voltage sensors in channel opening, closure, and inactivation. We illustrate the role of the different methodologies in gating studies and discuss the key molecular events leading CaV channels to open and to close.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - E-M Zangerl-Plessl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Hohaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Andranovits
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - E N Timin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Baburin I, Varkevisser R, Schramm A, Saxena P, Beyl S, Szkokan P, Linder T, Stary-Weinzinger A, van der Heyden MAG, Houtman M, Takanari H, Jonsson M, Beekman JHD, Hamburger M, Vos MA, Hering S. Dehydroevodiamine and hortiamine, alkaloids from the traditional Chinese herbal drug Evodia rutaecarpa, are I Kr blockers with proarrhythmic effects in vitro and in vivo. Pharmacol Res 2018; 131:150-163. [PMID: 29477480 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Evodiae fructus is a widely used herbal drug in traditional Chinese medicine. Evodia extract was found to inhibit hERG channels. The aim of the current study was to identify hERG inhibitors in Evodia extract and to investigate their potential proarrhythmic effects. Dehydroevodiamine (DHE) and hortiamine were identified as IKr (rapid delayed rectifier current) inhibitors in Evodia extract by HPLC-microfractionation and subsequent patch clamp studies on human embryonic kidney cells. DHE and hortiamine inhibited IKr with IC50s of 253.2±26.3nM and 144.8±35.1nM, respectively. In dog ventricular cardiomyocytes, DHE dose-dependently prolonged the action potential duration (APD). Early afterdepolarizations (EADs) were seen in 14, 67, 100, and 67% of cells after 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10μM DHE, respectively. The proarrhythmic potential of DHE was evaluated in 8 anesthetized rabbits and in 8 chronic atrioventricular block (cAVB) dogs. In rabbits, DHE increased the QT interval significantly by 12±10% (0.05mg/kg/5min) and 60±26% (0.5mg/kg/5min), and induced Torsade de Pointes arrhythmias (TdP, 0.5mg/kg/5min) in 2 rabbits. In cAVB dogs, 0.33mg/kg/5min DHE increased QT duration by 48±10% (P<0.05*) and induced TdP in 2/4 dogs. A higher dose did not induce TdP. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs), methanolic extracts of Evodia, DHE and hortiamine dose-dependently prolonged APD. At 3μM DHE and hortiamine induced EADs. hERG inhibition at submicromolar concentrations, APD prolongation and EADs in hiPSC-CMs and dose-dependent proarrhythmic effects of DHE at micromolar plasma concentrations in cAVB dogs should increase awareness regarding proarrhythmic effects of widely used Evodia extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Baburin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Rosanne Varkevisser
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Schramm
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priyanka Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Phillip Szkokan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; ChanPharm GmbH, Leidesdorfgasse 14, Top 6, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Linder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Stary-Weinzinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcel A G van der Heyden
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marien Houtman
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hiroki Takanari
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Malin Jonsson
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jet H D Beekman
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Yalelaan 50, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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17
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Moradi-Afrapoli F, van der Merwe H, De Mieri M, Wilhelm A, Stadler M, Zietsman PC, Hering S, Swart K, Hamburger M. HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for GABAA Receptor Modulators in Searsia pyroides Using a Larval Zebrafish Locomotor Assay. Planta Med 2017; 83:1169-1175. [PMID: 28511229 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-110768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A dichloromethane extract from leaves of Searsia pyroides potentiated gamma aminobutyric acid-induced chloride currents by 171.8 ± 54% when tested at 100 µg/mL in Xenopus oocytes transiently expressing gamma aminobutyric acid type A receptors composed of α1β2γ2s subunits. In zebrafish larvae, the extract significantly lowered pentylenetetrazol-provoked locomotion when tested at 4 µg/mL. Active compounds of the extract were tracked with the aid of HPLC-based activity profiling utilizing a previously validated zebrafish larval locomotor activity assay. From two active HPLC fractions, compounds 1 - 3 were isolated. Structurally related compounds 4 - 6 were purified from a later eluting inactive HPLC fraction. With the aid of 1H and 13C NMR and high-resolution mass spectrometry, compounds 1 - 6 were identified as analogues of anacardic acid. Compounds 1 - 3 led to a concentration-dependent decrease of pentylenetetrazol-provoked locomotion in the zebrafish larvae model, while 4 - 6 were inactive. Compounds 1 - 3 enhanced gamma aminobutyric acid-induced chloride currents in Xenopus oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, while 4 - 6 only showed marginal enhancements of gamma aminobutyric acid-induced chloride currents. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 have not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Moradi-Afrapoli
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannes van der Merwe
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Maria De Mieri
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anke Wilhelm
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
| | - Marco Stadler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaziezentrum, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Steffen Hering
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaziezentrum, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kenneth Swart
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
- FARMOVS-PAREXEL, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Saxena P, Hortigon‐Vinagre MP, Beyl S, Baburin I, Andranovits S, Iqbal SM, Costa A, IJzerman AP, Kügler P, Timin E, Smith GL, Hering S. Correlation between human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel inhibition and action potential prolongation. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:3081-3093. [PMID: 28681507 PMCID: PMC5573420 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG; Kv 11.1) channel inhibition is a widely accepted predictor of cardiac arrhythmia. hERG channel inhibition alone is often insufficient to predict pro-arrhythmic drug effects. This study used a library of dofetilide derivatives to investigate the relationship between standard measures of hERG current block in an expression system and changes in action potential duration (APD) in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). The interference from accompanying block of Cav 1.2 and Nav 1.5 channels was investigated along with an in silico AP model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Drug-induced changes in APD were assessed in hiPSC-CMs using voltage-sensitive dyes. The IC50 values for dofetilide and 13 derivatives on hERG current were estimated in an HEK293 expression system. The relative potency of each drug on APD was estimated by calculating the dose (D150 ) required to prolong the APD at 90% (APD90 ) repolarization by 50%. KEY RESULTS The D150 in hiPSC-CMs was linearly correlated with IC50 of hERG current. In silico simulations supported this finding. Three derivatives inhibited hERG without prolonging APD, and these compounds also inhibited Cav 1.2 and/or Nav 1.5 in a channel state-dependent manner. Adding Cav 1.2 and Nav 1.2 block to the in silico model recapitulated the direction but not the extent of the APD change. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Potency of hERG current inhibition correlates linearly with an index of APD in hiPSC-CMs. The compounds that do not correlate have additional effects including concomitant block of Cav 1.2 and/or Nav 1.5 channels. In silico simulations of hiPSC-CMs APs confirm the principle of the multiple ion channel effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Saxena
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - M P Hortigon‐Vinagre
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Clyde Biosciences LtdGlasgowUK
| | - S Beyl
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - I Baburin
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - S Andranovits
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - S M Iqbal
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - A Costa
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - A P IJzerman
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug ResearchLeiden UniversityLeidenNetherlands
| | - P Kügler
- Institute for Applied Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of HohenheimStuttgartGermany
- Radon Institute for Computational and Applied MathematicsAustrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - E Timin
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - G L Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Clyde Biosciences LtdGlasgowUK
| | - S Hering
- Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
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19
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Andranovits S, Beyl S, Hohaus A, Zangerl-Plessl EM, Timin E, Hering S. Key role of segment IS4 in Cav1.2 inactivation: link between activation and inactivation. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1485-1493. [PMID: 28766141 PMCID: PMC5629230 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of L-type calcium channel (Cav1.2) is an important determinant of the length of the cardiac action potential. Here, we report a key role of the voltage-sensing segment IS4 in Cav1.2 inactivation. Neutralization of IS4 charges gradually shifted the steady-state inactivation curve on the voltages axis from 5.1 ± 3.7 mV in single point mutant IS4(K1Q) to −26.7 ± 1.3 mV in quadruple mutant IS4(K1Q/R2Q/R3Q/R4Q) compared to wild-type (WT) and accelerated inactivation. The slope factor of the Boltzmann curve of inactivation was decreased from 17.4 ± 3.5 mV (IS4(K1Q)) to 6.2 ± 0.7 mV (IS4(K1Q/R2Q/R3Q/R4Q)). Neutralizations of single or multiple charges in IIS4 and IIIS4 did not significantly affect the time course of inactivation. Neutralization of individual IVS4 charges shifted the inactivation curve between 17.4 ± 1.7 mV (IVS4(R2Q)) and −4.6 ± 1.4 mV (IVS4(R4Q)) on the voltage axis and affected the slope of the inactivation curves (IVS4(R2Q): 10.2 ± 1.2 mV, IVS4(R4Q): 9.7 ± 0.7 mV and IVS4(K5Q): 8.1 ± 0.7 mV vs WT: 14.1 ± 0.8 mV). IS4(K1Q) attenuated while IS4(K1Q/R2Q/R3Q) and IS4(K1Q/R2Q/R4Q/R3Q) enhanced the development of inactivation. Shifts in the voltage dependence of inactivation curves induced by IS4 neutralizations significantly correlated with shifts of the voltage dependence of channel activation (r = 0.95, p < 0.01) indicating that IS4 movement is not only rate limiting for activation but also initiates inactivation. The paradoxical decrease of the slope factor of the steady-state inactivation and acceleration of inactivation kinetics upon charge neutralization in segment IS4 may reflect the loss of stabilizing interactions of arginines and lysine with surrounding residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Andranovits
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Haus der Forschung, Sensengasse 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Annette Hohaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Maria Zangerl-Plessl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugen Timin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Haus der Forschung, Sensengasse 1, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Chatzitomaris A, Hoermann R, Midgley JE, Hering S, Urban A, Dietrich B, Abood A, Klein HH, Dietrich JW. Thyroid Allostasis-Adaptive Responses of Thyrotropic Feedback Control to Conditions of Strain, Stress, and Developmental Programming. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:163. [PMID: 28775711 PMCID: PMC5517413 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control is a dynamic, adaptive system. In situations of illness and deprivation of energy representing type 1 allostasis, the stress response operates to alter both its set point and peripheral transfer parameters. In contrast, type 2 allostatic load, typically effective in psychosocial stress, pregnancy, metabolic syndrome, and adaptation to cold, produces a nearly opposite phenotype of predictive plasticity. The non-thyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) or thyroid allostasis in critical illness, tumors, uremia, and starvation (TACITUS), commonly observed in hospitalized patients, displays a historically well-studied pattern of allostatic thyroid response. This is characterized by decreased total and free thyroid hormone concentrations and varying levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ranging from decreased (in severe cases) to normal or even elevated (mainly in the recovery phase) TSH concentrations. An acute versus chronic stage (wasting syndrome) of TACITUS can be discerned. The two types differ in molecular mechanisms and prognosis. The acute adaptation of thyroid hormone metabolism to critical illness may prove beneficial to the organism, whereas the far more complex molecular alterations associated with chronic illness frequently lead to allostatic overload. The latter is associated with poor outcome, independently of the underlying disease. Adaptive responses of thyroid homeostasis extend to alterations in thyroid hormone concentrations during fetal life, periods of weight gain or loss, thermoregulation, physical exercise, and psychiatric diseases. The various forms of thyroid allostasis pose serious problems in differential diagnosis of thyroid disease. This review article provides an overview of physiological mechanisms as well as major diagnostic and therapeutic implications of thyroid allostasis under a variety of developmental and straining conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Chatzitomaris
- Medical Department I, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- *Correspondence: Apostolos Chatzitomaris,
| | - Rudolf Hoermann
- Private Consultancy, Research and Development, Yandina, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Steffen Hering
- Department for Internal Medicine, Cardiology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Medical Intensive Care Medicine, Krankenhaus Bietigheim-Vaihingen, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany
| | - Aline Urban
- Department for Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Palliative Medicine, Eastern Allgäu-Kaufbeuren Hospitals, Kaufbeuren, Germany
| | | | - Assjana Abood
- Medical Department I, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Harald H. Klein
- Medical Department I, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University of Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Johannes W. Dietrich
- Medical Department I, Endocrinology and Diabetology, Bergmannsheil University Hospitals, Ruhr University of Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Ruhr Center for Rare Diseases (CeSER), Ruhr University of Bochum and Witten/Herdecke University, Bochum, Germany
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21
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Li J, Casteels T, Frogne T, Ingvorsen C, Honoré C, Courtney M, Huber KVM, Schmitner N, Kimmel RA, Romanov RA, Sturtzel C, Lardeau CH, Klughammer J, Farlik M, Sdelci S, Vieira A, Avolio F, Briand F, Baburin I, Májek P, Pauler FM, Penz T, Stukalov A, Gridling M, Parapatics K, Barbieux C, Berishvili E, Spittler A, Colinge J, Bennett KL, Hering S, Sulpice T, Bock C, Distel M, Harkany T, Meyer D, Superti-Furga G, Collombat P, Hecksher-Sørensen J, Kubicek S. Artemisinins Target GABA A Receptor Signaling and Impair α Cell Identity. Cell 2016; 168:86-100.e15. [PMID: 27916275 PMCID: PMC5236063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells, and generating new insulin-producing cells from other cell types is a major aim of regenerative medicine. One promising approach is transdifferentiation of developmentally related pancreatic cell types, including glucagon-producing α cells. In a genetic model, loss of the master regulatory transcription factor Arx is sufficient to induce the conversion of α cells to functional β-like cells. Here, we identify artemisinins as small molecules that functionally repress Arx by causing its translocation to the cytoplasm. We show that the protein gephyrin is the mammalian target of these antimalarial drugs and that the mechanism of action of these molecules depends on the enhancement of GABAA receptor signaling. Our results in zebrafish, rodents, and primary human pancreatic islets identify gephyrin as a druggable target for the regeneration of pancreatic β cell mass from α cells. Artemisinins inhibit ARX function and impair α cell identity Compounds act by stabilizing gephyrin, thus enhancing GABAA receptor signaling Artemisinins increase β cell mass in zebrafish and rodent models Functional and transcriptional data indicate a conserved phenotype in human islets
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamara Casteels
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Frogne
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, DK-2760 Måløv, Denmark
| | | | | | - Monica Courtney
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Kilian V M Huber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Schmitner
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robin A Kimmel
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roman A Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caterina Sturtzel
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Innovative Cancer Models, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charles-Hugues Lardeau
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Chemical Epigenetics and Antiinfectives, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Johanna Klughammer
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Sdelci
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andhira Vieira
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Fabio Avolio
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, iBV, 06108 Nice, France
| | - François Briand
- Physiogenex S.A.S., Prologue Biotech, 516, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labege, France
| | - Igor Baburin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Májek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian M Pauler
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey Stukalov
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Gridling
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katja Parapatics
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Charlotte Barbieux
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ekaterine Berishvili
- Cell Isolation and Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Research, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0162, Georgia
| | - Andreas Spittler
- Core Facility Flow Cytometry and Department of Surgery, Research Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacques Colinge
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Keiryn L Bennett
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Sulpice
- Physiogenex S.A.S., Prologue Biotech, 516, rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 31670 Labege, France
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Max Planck Institute for Informatics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Distel
- Children's Cancer Research Institute, Innovative Cancer Models, Zimmermannplatz 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dirk Meyer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Leopold-Franzens-University Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Chemical Epigenetics and Antiinfectives, CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Beyl S, Hohaus A, Andranovits S, Timin E, Hering S. Upward movement of IS4 and IIIS4 is a rate-limiting stage in Ca v1.2 activation. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1895-1907. [PMID: 27796578 PMCID: PMC5138263 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to specify the role of individual S4 segments in CaV1.2 gating, charged residues of segments IS4-IVS4 were replaced by glutamine and the corresponding effects on activation/deactivation of calcium channel currents were analysed. Almost all replacements of charges in IS4 and IIIS4 decreased the slope of the Boltzmann curve of channel activation (activation curve) while charge neutralisations in IIS4 and IVS4 did not significantly affect the slope. S4 mutations caused either left or rightward shifts of the activation curve, and in wild-type channels, these S4 mutations hardly affected current kinetics.In slowly gating pore (S6) mutants (G432W, A780T, G1193T or A1503G), neutralisations in S4 segments significantly accelerated current kinetics. Likewise in wild type, charge replacements in IS4 and IIIS4 of pore mutants reduced the slope of the activation curves while substitutions of charges in IIS4 and IVS4 had less or no impact. We propose a gating model where the structurally different S4 segments leave their resting positions not simultaneously. Upward movement of segments IS4 and (to a lesser extend) IIIS4 appear to be a rate-limiting stage for releasing the pore gates. These segments carry most of the effective charge for channel activation. Our study suggests that S4 segments of CaV1.2 control the closed state in domain specific manner while stabilizing the open state in a non-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annette Hohaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stanislav Andranovits
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugen Timin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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23
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Saxena P, Hortigon-Vinagre MP, Costa A, Timin E, Beyl S, Baburin I, Smith GL, Hering S. Comparison of HERG ion channel effects in HEK cells and action potential duration in human iPSC cardiomyocytes. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Kratz JM, Mair CE, Oettl SK, Saxena P, Scheel O, Schuster D, Hering S, Rollinger JM. hERG Channel Blocking Ipecac Alkaloids Identified by Combined In Silico - In Vitro Screening. Planta Med 2016; 82:1009-1015. [PMID: 27145237 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel blocking is associated with QT interval prolongation and increased risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias. As natural products keep increasing in popularity, there is an urgent need for studies assessing human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel-related cardiotoxic risks. We selected 49 plant species based on the results of a pharmacophore-based virtual screening campaign, in parallel with a literature data survey concerning highly consumed herbal medicines with reported cardiac liabilities. Lead-like enhanced extracts were prepared, an initial in vitro screening was performed at 100 µg/mL by voltage clamp on Xenopus oocytes, and five human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel blocking extracts were identified. In accordance to the six virtually predicted alkaloids, the root extract of Carapichea ipecacuanha inhibited human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel currents by 32.5 %. A phytochemical workflow resulted in the isolation and identification of five out of the six virtually predicted alkaloids. All isolates blocked human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel currents to different extents. The major ipecac constituents emetine (1) and cephaeline (2) showed IC50 values of 21.4 and 5.3 µM, respectively, measured by whole-cell patch clamp in HEK293 cells. This is the first report on human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel blockers from C. ipecacuanha. Its roots and rhizomes are used to produce different pharmacopeial ipecac preparations that are mainly used as emetics for poisoning treatment. Our findings raise further questions regarding the safety and over-the-counter appropriateness of these herbal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadel M Kratz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina E Mair
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah K Oettl
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Priyanka Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olaf Scheel
- Cytocentrics Bioscience GmbH, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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25
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Khom S, Hintersteiner J, Luger D, Haider M, Pototschnig G, Mihovilovic MD, Schwarzer C, Hering S. Analysis of β-Subunit-dependent GABAA Receptor Modulation and Behavioral Effects of Valerenic Acid Derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:580-90. [PMID: 27190170 PMCID: PMC4885513 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Valerenic acid (VA)-a β2/3-selective GABA type A (GABAA) receptor modulator-displays anxiolytic and anticonvulsive effects in mice devoid of sedation, making VA an interesting drug candidate. Here we analyzed β-subunit-dependent enhancement of GABA-induced chloride currents (IGABA) by a library of VA derivatives and studied their effects on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure threshold and locomotion. Compound-induced IGABA enhancement was determined in oocytes expressing α1β1γ2S, α1β2γ2S, or α1β3γ2S receptors. Effects on seizure threshold and locomotion were studied using C57BL/6N mice and compared with saline-treated controls. β2/3-selective VA derivatives such as VA-amide (VA-A) modulating α1β3γ2S (VA-A: Emax = 972 ± 69%, n = 6, P < 0.05) and α1β2γ2S receptors (Emax = 1119 ± 72%, n = 6, P < 0.05) more efficaciously than VA (α1β3γ2S: VA: Emax = 632 ± 88%, n = 9 versus α1β2γ2S: VA: Emax = 721 ± 68%, n = 6) displayed significantly more pronounced seizure threshold elevation than VA (saline control: 40.4 ± 1.4 mg/kg PTZ versus VA 10 mg/kg: 49.0 ± 1.8 mg/kg PTZ versus VA-A 3 mg/kg: 57.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg PTZ, P < 0.05). Similarly, VA's methylamide (VA-MA) enhancing IGABA through β3-containing receptors more efficaciously than VA (Emax = 1043 ± 57%, P < 0.01, n = 6) displayed stronger anticonvulsive effects. Increased potency of IGABA enhancement and anticonvulsive effects at lower doses compared with VA were observed for VA-tetrazole (α1β3γ2S: VA-TET: EC50 = 6.0 ± 1.0 μM, P < 0.05; VA-TET: 0.3 mg/kg: 47.3 ± 0.5 mg/kg PTZ versus VA: 10 mg/kg: 49.0 ± 1.8 mg/kg PTZ, P < 0.05). At higher doses (≥10 mg/kg), VA-A, VA-MA, and VA-TET reduced locomotion. In contrast, unselective VA derivatives induced anticonvulsive effects only at high doses (30 mg/kg) or did not display any behavioral effects. Our data indicate that the β2/3-selective compounds VA-A, VA-MA, and VA-TET induce anticonvulsive effects at low doses (≤10 mg/kg), whereas impairment of locomotion was observed at doses ≥10 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - J Hintersteiner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - D Luger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - M Haider
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - G Pototschnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - M D Mihovilovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - C Schwarzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - S Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
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Linder T, Bernsteiner H, Saxena P, Bauer F, Erker T, Timin E, Hering S, Stary-Weinzinger A. Drug trapping in hERG K + channels: (not) a matter of drug size? Medchemcomm 2016; 7:512-518. [PMID: 28337337 PMCID: PMC5292991 DOI: 10.1039/c5md00443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of hERG K+ channels by structurally diverse drugs prolongs the ventricular action potential and increases the risk of torsade de pointes arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. The capture of drugs behind closed channel gates, so-called drug trapping, is suggested to harbor an increased pro-arrhythmic risk. In this study, the trapping mechanisms of a trapped hERG blocker propafenone and a bulky derivative (MW: 647.24 g mol-1) were studied by making use of electrophysiological measurements in combination with molecular dynamics simulations. Our study suggests that the hERG cavity is able to accommodate very bulky compounds without disturbing gate closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Linder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Austria .
| | - Harald Bernsteiner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Austria .
| | - Priyanka Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Austria .
| | - Florian Bauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Thomas Erker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , University of Vienna , Austria
| | - Eugen Timin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Austria .
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Vienna , Austria .
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Beyl S, Hohaus A, Adranovits S, Timin E, Hering S. Different Roles of IS4 and IIS4 Segments in CaV1.2 Gating. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.2384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Saxena P, Hortigon-Vinagre M, Beyl S, Baburin I, Costa A, IJzerman AP, Kügler P, Timin E, Smith G, Hering S. On the Relation between HERG Channel Block in Cell Line and Action Potential Prolongation in Human iPSC Cardiomyocytes. Biophys J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2015.11.2819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Hering S, Edelmann J, Haas S, Grasern N. Paternity testing of two female siblings with Investigator Argus X-12 kit: A case with several rare mutation and recombination events. Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigss.2015.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Luger D, Poli G, Wieder M, Stadler M, Ke S, Ernst M, Hohaus A, Linder T, Seidel T, Langer T, Khom S, Hering S. Identification of the putative binding pocket of valerenic acid on GABAA receptors using docking studies and site-directed mutagenesis. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5403-13. [PMID: 26375408 PMCID: PMC4988470 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose β2/3‐subunit‐selective modulation of GABAA receptors by valerenic acid (VA) is determined by the presence of transmembrane residue β2/3N265. Currently, it is not known whether β2/3N265 is part of VA's binding pocket or is involved in the transduction pathway of VA's action. The aim of this study was to clarify the localization of VA's binding pocket on GABAA receptors. Experimental Approach Docking and a structure‐based three‐dimensional pharmacophore were employed to identify candidate amino acid residues that are likely to interact with VA. Selected amino acid residues were mutated, and VA‐induced modulation of the resulting GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes was analysed. Key Results A binding pocket for VA at the β+/α− interface encompassing amino acid β3N265 was predicted. Mutational analysis of suggested amino acid residues revealed a complete loss of VA's activity on β3M286W channels as well as significantly decreased efficacy and potency of VA on β3N265S and β3F289S receptors. In addition, reduced efficacy of VA‐induced IGABA enhancement was also observed for α1M235W, β3R269A and β3M286A constructs. Conclusions and Implications Our data suggest that amino acid residues β3N265, β3F289, β3M286, β3R269 in the β3 subunit, at or near the etomidate/propofol binding site(s), form part of a VA binding pocket. The identification of the binding pocket for VA is essential for elucidating its pharmacological effects and might also help to develop new selective GABAA receptor ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Luger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Poli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Wieder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Stadler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Ke
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Ernst
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center of Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Hohaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Linder
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Seidel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - T Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Khom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Bernaskova M, Schoeffmann A, Schuehly W, Hufner A, Baburin I, Hering S. Nitrogenated honokiol derivatives allosterically modulate GABAA receptors and act as strong partial agonists. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6757-62. [PMID: 26410663 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
In traditional Asian medicinal systems, preparations of the root and stem bark of Magnolia species are widely used to treat anxiety and other nervous disturbances. The biphenyl-type neolignan honokiol together with its isomer magnolol are the main constituents of Magnolia bark extracts. We have previously identified a nitrogen-containing honokiol derivative (3-acetylamino-4'-O-methylhonokiol, AMH) as a high efficient modulator of GABAA receptors. Here we further elucidate the structure-activity relation of a series of nitrogenated biphenyl-neolignan derivatives by analysing allosteric modulation and agonistic effects on α1β2γ2S GABAA receptors. The strongest IGABA enhancement was induced by compound 5 (3-acetamido-4'-ethoxy-3',5-dipropylbiphenyl-2-ol, Emax: 123.4±9.4% of IGABA-max) and 6 (5'-amino-2-ethoxy-3',5-dipropylbiphenyl-4'-ol, Emax: 117.7±13.5% of IGABA-max). Compound 5 displayed, however, a significantly higher potency (EC50=1.8±1.1 μM) than compound 6 (EC50=20.4±4.3 μM). Honokiol, AMH and four of the derivatives induced significant inward currents in the absence of GABA. Strong partial agonists were honokiol (inducing 78±6% of IGABA-max), AMH (63±6%), 5'-amino-2-O-methylhonokiol (1) (59±1%) and 2-methoxy-5'-nitro-3',5-dipropylbiphenyl-4'-ol (3) (52±1%). 3-N-Acetylamino-4'-ethoxy-3',5-dipropyl-biphenyl-4'-ol (5) and 3-amino-4'-ethoxy-3',5-dipropyl-biphenyl-4'-ol (7) were less efficacious but even more potent (5: EC50=6.9±1.0 μM; 7: EC50=33.2±5.1 μM) than the full agonist GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marketa Bernaskova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Angela Schoeffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schuehly
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacognosy, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, 8010 Graz, Austria; Institute of Zoology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Antje Hufner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstrasse 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Igor Baburin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Du K, De Mieri M, Saxena P, Phungula KV, Wilhelm A, Hrubaru MM, van Rensburg E, Zietsman PC, Hering S, van der Westhuizen JH, Hamburger M. HPLC-Based Activity Profiling for hERG Channel Inhibitors in the South African Medicinal Plant Galenia africana. Planta Med 2015; 81:1154-1162. [PMID: 25922911 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1545929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel is a voltage-activated K(+) channel involved in cardiac action potential. Its inhibition can lead to QT prolongation, and eventually to potentially fatal arrhythmia. Therefore, it is considered a primary antitarget in safety pharmacology. To assess the risk of human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel inhibition by medicinal plants, 700 extracts from different parts of 142 medicinal plants collected in Southern Africa were screened on Xenopus laevis oocytes. A CH2Cl2 extract from the stems and leaves of Galenia africana (Aizoaceae) reduced the peak tail human ether-a-go-go-related gene current by 50.4 ± 5.5 % (n = 3) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. By means of high-performance liquid chromatography-based activity profiling, nine flavonoids were identified in the active time windows. However, the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel inhibition of isolated compounds was less pronounced than that of extract and active microfractions (human ether-a-go-go-related gene inhibition between 10.1 ± 5 and 14.1 ± 1.6 at 100 µM). The two major constituents, 7,8-methylenedioxyflavone (1) and 7,8-dimethoxyflavone (13), were quantified (4.3 % and 9.4 %, respectively, in the extract). Further human ether-a-go-go-related gene inhibition tests for compounds 1 and 13 at 300 µM showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory activity (33.2 ± 12.4 and 30.0 ± 7.4, respectively). In a detailed phytochemical profiling of the active extract, a total of 20 phenolic compounds, including six new natural products, were isolated and identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Du
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Maria De Mieri
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priyanka Saxena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Khanya V Phungula
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Anke Wilhelm
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | | | - Steffen Hering
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Carl D, Grüllich C, Hering S, Schabet M. Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis following ipilimumab therapy: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2015. [PMID: 26209970 PMCID: PMC4514969 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ipilimumab is a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 receptor antibody used for immunotherapy in cancer. Several immune-related adverse events are known. Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis is an autoimmune encephalopathy associated with Hashimoto’s Disease and elevated serum levels of the related antibodies (anti-thyroid-peroxidase antibody or anti-thyroglobulin antibody). Our case implies that steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis may be another previously unreported side effect of ipilimumab therapy. Case presentation We report the case of a 64 years old caucasian patient with prostatic cancer who received ipilimumab therapy in a clinical trial. He presented with aphasia, tremor and ataxia, myocloni, hallucinations, anxiety and agitation in turns with somnolence. Cranial nerves, deep tendon reflexes, motor and sensory functions were normal. Electroencephalography showed background slowing but no epileptic discharges. Brain magnetic resonance imaging was normal and showed no signs of hypophysitis. Cerebrospinal fluid findings ruled out infection and neoplastic meningitis. Anti-thyroid antibodies (anti-thyroid-peroxidase antibody and anti-thyroglobulin antibody) were heavily increased. Assuming steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis the patient was treated with 1,000 mg methylprednisolone i.v. for 3 days and continued with 1 mg/kg orally. On the 3rd day of treatment the patient’s condition started to improve. Within the next few days he gradually returned to his previous state, and electroencephalography eventually showed only slight slowing. Seven months later the patient’s condition was stable, and anti-thyroid antibodies were no more detectable. Conclusion Steroid responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis may be a hitherto unrecognized complication of ipililumab treatment and should be taken into consideration in patients developing central nervous symptoms undergoing this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Carl
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Posilipostraße 4, Ludwigsburg, Germany.
| | | | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Internal Medicine, Klinikum Bietigheim, Bietigheim-Bissingen, Germany.
| | - Martin Schabet
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Posilipostraße 4, Ludwigsburg, Germany.
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De Mieri M, Du K, Neuburger M, Saxena P, Zietsman PC, Hering S, van der Westhuizen JH, Hamburger M. hERG Channel Inhibitory Daphnane Diterpenoid Orthoesters and Polycephalones A and B with Unprecedented Skeletons from Gnidia polycephala. J Nat Prod 2015; 78:1697-1707. [PMID: 26091146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The hERG channel is an important antitarget in safety pharmacology. Several drugs have been withdrawn from the market or received severe usage restrictions because of hERG-related cardiotoxicity. In a screening of medicinal plants for hERG channel inhibition using a two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay with Xenopus laevis oocytes, a dichloromethane extract of the roots of Gnidia polycephala reduced the peak tail hERG current by 58.8 ± 13.4% (n = 3) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. By means of HPLC-based activity profiling daphnane-type diterpenoid orthoesters (DDOs) 1, 4, and 5 were identified as the active compounds [55.4 ± 7.0% (n = 4), 42.5 ± 16.0% (n = 3), and 51.3 ± 9.4% (n = 4), respectively, at 100 μM]. In a detailed phytochemical profiling of the active extract, 16 compounds were isolated and characterized, including two 2-phenylpyranones (15 and 16) with an unprecedented tetrahydro-4H-5,8-epoxypyrano[2,3-d]oxepin-4-one skeleton, two new DDOs (3 and 4), two new guaiane sesquiterpenoids (11 and 12), and 10 known compounds (1, 2, 5-10, 13, and 14). Structure elucidation was achieved by extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR, HRMS, and electronic circular dichroism), computational methods, and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Priyanka Saxena
- ⊥Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Steffen Hering
- ⊥Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Grienke U, Mair CE, Saxena P, Baburin I, Scheel O, Ganzera M, Schuster D, Hering S, Rollinger JM. Human Ether-à-go-go Related Gene (hERG) Channel Blocking Aporphine Alkaloids from Lotus Leaves and Their Quantitative Analysis in Dietary Weight Loss Supplements. J Agric Food Chem 2015; 63:5634-5639. [PMID: 26035250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Blockage of the human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) channel can result in life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia. In an in vitro screening of herbal materials for hERG blockers using an automated two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay on Xenopus oocytes, an alkaloid fraction of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus) leaves induced ∼50% of hERG current inhibition at 100 μg/mL. Chromatographic separation resulted in the isolation and identification of (-)-asimilobine, 1, nuciferine, 2, O-nornuciferine, 3, N-nornuciferine, 4, and liensinine, 5. In agreement with in silico predicted ligand-target interactions, 2, 3, and 4 revealed distinct in vitro hERG blockages measured in HEK293 cells with IC50 values of 2.89, 7.91, and 9.75 μM, respectively. Because lotus leaf dietary weight loss supplements are becoming increasingly popular, the identified hERG-blocking alkaloids were quantitated in five commercially available products. Results showed pronounced differences in the content of hERG-blocking alkaloids ranging up to 992 μg (2) in the daily recommended dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Grienke
- †Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christina E Mair
- †Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | | | - Olaf Scheel
- #Cytocentrics Bioscience GmbH, Tannenweg 22k, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Ganzera
- †Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Schuster
- ⊥Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Computer-Aided Molecular Design Group, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Judith M Rollinger
- †Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Wimmer L, Schönbauer D, Pakfeifer P, Schöffmann A, Khom S, Hering S, Mihovilovic MD. Developing piperine towards TRPV1 and GABAA receptor ligands – synthesis of piperine analogs via Heck-coupling of conjugated dienes. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:990-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02242d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic analogs of piperine, the pungent alkaloid of black pepper, were identified as selective ligands for either GABAA or TRPV1 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurin Wimmer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - David Schönbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Peter Pakfeifer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Angela Schöffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
- University of Vienna
- 1090 Vienna
- Austria
| | - Marko D. Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry
- Vienna University of Technology
- 1060 Vienna
- Austria
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Rueda DC, Raith M, De Mieri M, Schöffmann A, Hering S, Hamburger M. Identification of dehydroabietc acid from Boswellia thurifera resin as a positive GABAA receptor modulator. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:28-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vos M, Varkevisser R, Baburin I, Schramm A, van der Heyden M, Houtman M, Jonsson M, Takanari H, Beekman J, Hamburger M, Hering S. DEHYDROEVODIAMINE, ISOLATED FROM THE DRIED UNRIPE FRUIT OF EVODIA RUTAECARPA PRESENT IN THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE WU CHU YU, HAS PROARRHYTHMIC EFFECTS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO THAT DISAPPEAR AT HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS. Heart Rhythm 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Linder T, Saxena P, Timin E, Hering S, Stary-Weinzinger A. Structural Insights into Trapping and Dissociation of Small Molecules in K+ Channels. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:3218-28. [DOI: 10.1021/ci500353r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Linder
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Priyanka Saxena
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eugen Timin
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Stary-Weinzinger
- Department for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Kratz JM, Schuster D, Edtbauer M, Saxena P, Mair CE, Kirchebner J, Matuszczak B, Baburin I, Hering S, Rollinger JM. Experimentally validated HERG pharmacophore models as cardiotoxicity prediction tools. J Chem Inf Model 2014; 54:2887-901. [PMID: 25148533 DOI: 10.1021/ci5001955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to design, experimentally validate, and apply a virtual screening workflow to identify novel hERG channel blockers. The hERG channel is an important antitarget in drug development since cardiotoxic risks remain as a major cause of attrition. A ligand-based pharmacophore model collection was developed and theoretically validated. The seven most complementary and suitable models were used for virtual screening of in-house and commercially available compound libraries. From the hit lists, 50 compounds were selected for experimental validation through bioactivity assessment using patch clamp techniques. Twenty compounds inhibited hERG channels expressed in HEK 293 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.13 to 2.77 μM, attesting to the suitability of the models as cardiotoxicity prediction tools in a preclinical stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jadel M Kratz
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina , 88.040-900 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Strommer B, Khom S, Kastenberger I, Cicek SS, Stuppner H, Schwarzer C, Hering S. A cycloartane glycoside derived from Actaea racemosa L. modulates GABAA receptors and induces pronounced sedation in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 351:234-42. [PMID: 25161170 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
23-O-Acetylshengmanol 3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside (Ac-SM) isolated from Actaea racemosa L.-an herbal remedy for the treatment of mild menopausal disorders-has been recently identified as a novel efficacious modulator of GABAA receptors composed of α1-, β2-, and γ2S-subunits. In the present study, we analyzed a potential subunit-selective modulation of GABA-induced chloride currents (IGABA) at GABA concentrations eliciting 3-8% of the maximal GABA response (EC3-8) through nine GABAA receptor isoforms expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes by Ac-SM with two-microelectrode voltage clamp and behavioral effects 30 minutes after intraperitoneal application in a mouse model. Efficacy of IGABA enhancement by Ac-SM displayed a mild α-subunit dependence with α2β2γ2S (maximal IGABA potentiation [Emax] = 1454 ± 97%) and α5β2γ2S (Emax = 1408 ± 87%) receptors being most efficaciously modulated, followed by slightly weaker IGABA enhancement through α1β2γ2S (Emax = 1187 ± 166%), α3β2γ2S (Emax = 1174 ± 218%), and α6β2γ2S (Emax = 1171 ± 274%) receptors and less pronounced effects on receptors composed of α4β2γ2S (Emax = 752 ± 53%) subunits, whereas potency was not affected by the subunit composition (EC50 values ranging from α1β2γ2S = 35.4 ± 12.3 µM to α5β2γ2S = 50.9 ± 11.8 µM). Replacing β2- with β1- or β3-subunits as well as omitting the γ2S-subunit affected neither efficacy nor potency of IGABA enhancement by Ac-SM. Ac-SM shifted the GABA concentration-response curve toward higher GABA sensitivity (about 3-fold) and significantly increased the maximal GABA response by 44 ± 13%, indicating a pharmacological profile distinct from a pure allosteric GABAA receptor modulator. In mice, Ac-SM significantly reduced anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze test at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg, total ambulation in the open field test at doses ≥6 mg/kg, stress-induced hyperthermia at doses ≥0.6 mg/kg, and significantly elevated seizure threshold at doses ≥20 mg/kg body weight. High efficacy and long biologic half-life of Ac-SM suggest that potential cumulative sedative side effects upon repetitive intake of A. racemosa L. preparations might not be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Strommer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.S., S.K., S.H.); Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.K., C.S.); and Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.S.C., H.S.)
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.S., S.K., S.H.); Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.K., C.S.); and Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.S.C., H.S.)
| | - Iris Kastenberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.S., S.K., S.H.); Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.K., C.S.); and Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.S.C., H.S.)
| | - Serhat Sezai Cicek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.S., S.K., S.H.); Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.K., C.S.); and Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.S.C., H.S.)
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.S., S.K., S.H.); Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.K., C.S.); and Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.S.C., H.S.)
| | - Christoph Schwarzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.S., S.K., S.H.); Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.K., C.S.); and Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.S.C., H.S.)
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (B.S., S.K., S.H.); Department of Pharmacology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (I.K., C.S.); and Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (S.S.C., H.S.)
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Schramm A, Jähne EA, Baburin I, Hering S, Hamburger M. Natural products as potential human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel inhibitors - outcomes from a screening of widely used herbal medicines and edible plants. Planta Med 2014; 80:1045-1050. [PMID: 25089737 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1382907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel is the single most important risk factor leading to acquired long QT syndrome. Drug-induced QT prolongation can cause severe cardiac complications, including arrhythmia, and is thus a liability in drug development. Considering the importance of the human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel as an antitarget and the daily intake of plant-derived foods and herbal products, surprisingly few natural products have been tested for channel blocking properties. In an assessment of possible human ether-a-go-go-related gene liabilities, a selection of widely used herbal medicines and edible plants (vegetables, fruits, and spices) was screened by means of a functional two-microelectrode voltage-clamp assay with Xenopus oocytes. The human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel blocking activity of selected extracts was investigated with the aid of a high-performance liquid chromatography-based profiling approach, and attributed to tannins and alkaloids. Major European medicinal plants and frequently consumed food plants were found to have a low risk for human ether-a-go-go-related gene toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schramm
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evelyn A Jähne
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Igor Baburin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Schöffmann A, Wimmer L, Goldmann D, Khom S, Hintersteiner J, Baburin I, Schwarz T, Hintersteininger M, Pakfeifer P, Oufir M, Hamburger M, Erker T, Ecker GF, Mihovilovic MD, Hering S. Efficient modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors by piperine derivatives. J Med Chem 2014; 57:5602-19. [PMID: 24905252 PMCID: PMC4106271 DOI: 10.1021/jm5002277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Piperine activates TRPV1 (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 receptor) receptors and modulates γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR). We have synthesized a library of 76 piperine analogues and analyzed their effects on GABAAR by means of a two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. GABAAR were expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Structure-activity relationships (SARs) were established to identify structural elements essential for efficiency and potency. Efficiency of piperine derivatives was significantly increased by exchanging the piperidine moiety with either N,N-dipropyl, N,N-diisopropyl, N,N-dibutyl, p-methylpiperidine, or N,N-bis(trifluoroethyl) groups. Potency was enhanced by replacing the piperidine moiety by N,N-dibutyl, N,N-diisobutyl, or N,N-bistrifluoroethyl groups. Linker modifications did not substantially enhance the effect on GABAAR. Compound 23 [(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N,N-dipropyl-2,4-pentadienamide] induced the strongest modulation of GABAA (maximal GABA-induced chloride current modulation (IGABA-max = 1673% ± 146%, EC50 = 51.7 ± 9.5 μM), while 25 [(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N,N-dibutyl-2,4-pentadienamide] displayed the highest potency (EC50 = 13.8 ± 1.8 μM, IGABA-max = 760% ± 47%). Compound 23 induced significantly stronger anxiolysis in mice than piperine and thus may serve as a starting point for developing novel GABAAR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Schöffmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and §Division of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna , Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Schramm A, Saxena P, Chlebek J, Cahlíková L, Baburin I, Hering S, Hamburger M. Natural products as potential human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel inhibitors - screening of plant-derived alkaloids. Planta Med 2014; 80:740-746. [PMID: 24963621 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of the cardiac human ether-a-go-go-related gene channel is a problematic off-target pharmacological activity and, hence, a major safety liability in clinical practice. Several non-cardiac drugs have been restricted in their use, or even removed from the market due to this potentially fatal adverse effect. Comparatively little is known about the human ether-a-go-go-related gene inhibitory potential of plant-derived compounds. In the course of an ongoing human ether-a-go-go-related gene in vitro study, a total of 32 structurally diverse alkaloids of plant origin as well as two semi-synthetically obtained protoberberine derivatives were screened by means of an automated Xenopus oocyte assay. Protopine, (+)-bulbocapnine, (+)-N-methyllaurotetanine, (+)-boldine, (+)-chelidonine, (+)-corynoline, reserpine, and yohimbine reduced the human ether-a-go-go-related gene current by ≥ 50% at 100 µM, and were submitted to concentration-response experiments. Our data show that some widely occurring plant-derived alkaloids carry a potential risk for human ether-a-go-go-related gene toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schramm
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Priyanka Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jakub Chlebek
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Cahlíková
- ADINACO Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Igor Baburin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Hamburger
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Rueda DC, De Mieri M, Hering S, Hamburger M. HPLC-based activity profiling for GABAA receptor modulators in Adenocarpus cincinnatus. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:640-649. [PMID: 24571311 DOI: 10.1021/np500016z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In a two-microelectrode voltage clamp assay with Xenopus laevis oocytes, a dichloromethane extract of Adenocarpus cincinnatus roots and tubers (Leguminosae) enhanced the GABA-induced chloride current (IGABA) through receptors of the subtype α1β2γ2s by 126.5 ± 25.1% when tested at 100 μg/mL. By means of HPLC-based activity profiling, 15 flavonoid and isoflavonoid derivatives, including eight new compounds, were identified in the active fractions of the extract. Isoflavone 11 and pterocarpans 2 and 8 showed promising activity in the oocyte assay, with EC50 values between 2.8 ± 1.4 and 18.8 ± 2.3 μM. Maximal potentiation of IGABA ranged between 490% and 640%. This is the first report of pterocarpans as GABAA receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Rueda
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Hintersteiner J, Haider M, Luger D, Schwarzer C, Reznicek G, Jäger W, Khom S, Mihovilovic MD, Hering S. Esters of valerenic acid as potential prodrugs. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 735:123-31. [PMID: 24680924 PMCID: PMC4062961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Valerenic acid (VA) is a β2/3 subunit-specific modulator of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A (GABAA) receptors inducing anxiolysis. Here we analyze if VA-esters can serve as prodrugs and if different ester structures have different in vitro/in vivo effects. Modulation of GABAA receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes was studied with 2-microelectrode-voltage-clamp. Anxiolytic effects of the VA-esters were studied on male C57BL/6N mice by means of the elevated plus maze-test; anticonvulsant properties were deduced from changes in seizure threshold upon pentylenetetrazole infusion. VA was detected in plasma confirming hydrolysis of the esters and release of VA in vivo. Esterification significantly reduced the positive allosteric modulation of GABAA (α1β3γ2S) receptors in vitro. in vivo, the studied VA-ester derivatives induced similar or even stronger anxiolytic and anticonvulsant action than VA. While methylation and propylation of VA resulted in faster onset of anxiolysis, the action of VA-ethylester was longer lasting, but occurred with a significant delay. The later finding is in line with the longer lasting anticonvulsant effects of this compound. The estimated VA plasma concentrations provided first insight into the release kinetics from different VA-esters. This might be an important step for its future clinical application as a potential non-sedative anxiolytic and anticonvulsant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Hintersteiner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Haider
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Denise Luger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christoph Schwarzer
- Department of Pharmacology, Innsbruck Medical University, Peter-Mayr-Straße 1, 1a A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gottfried Reznicek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Walter Jäger
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sophia Khom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marko D Mihovilovic
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9, A-1060 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Elakkary S, Hoffmeister-Ullerich S, Schulze C, Seif E, Sheta A, Hering S, Edelmann J, Augustin C. Genetic polymorphisms of twelve X-STRs of the investigator Argus X-12 kit and additional six X-STR centromere region loci in an Egyptian population sample. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2014; 11:26-30. [PMID: 24632058 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recently, many researchers have focused on analysis of different X-chromosomal STRs as they bear the potential to efficiently complement the analysis of autosomal and Y-chromosomal STRs in solving special complex kinship deficiency cases. In the current study we examined a sample of 250 unrelated Egyptian males with the Investigator Argus X-12 kit (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) which detects 12 X-STR markers distributed over the entire X-chromosome as four closely linked clusters. Microvariant off ladder alleles as well as null alleles have been detected in some loci. Furthermore, discordant results were observed between the Investigator Argus X-12 and the Mentype(®) Argus X-8 kits (Biotype AG, Dresden, Germany). New primers were designed for loci DXS10101, DXS10146 and DXS10148 to correct the allele drop outs observed in these loci with the Investigator Argus X-12 kit. Additionally, DNA sequence analysis revealed the polymorphisms responsible for the allele drop outs. Furthermore, six additional X-STRs (DXS10161, DXS10159, DXS10162, DXS10163, DXS10164 and DXS10165) located in the centromere region at Xp11.21-Xq11.1 were examined in a single multiplex reaction. Allele and haplotype frequencies as well as different forensic statistical parameters of the 18 X-STR loci tested indicated that they are highly informative in different forensic applications in the Egyptian population. However, some modifications still need to be performed on the Investigator Argus X-12 kit before its use in forensic casework is validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elakkary
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany; Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Champollion Street, El-khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - S Hoffmeister-Ullerich
- Centre of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C Schulze
- Centre of Molecular Neurobiology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Falkenried 94, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - E Seif
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Champollion Street, El-khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A Sheta
- Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Champollion Street, El-khartoum Square, Azarita Medical Campus, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - S Hering
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - J Edelmann
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 28, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - C Augustin
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Butenfeld 34, 22529 Hamburg, Germany
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Rueda DC, Schöffmann A, De Mieri M, Raith M, Jähne EA, Hering S, Hamburger M. Identification of dihydrostilbenes in Pholidota chinensis as a new scaffold for GABAA receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:1276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Schramm A, Ebrahimi SN, Raith M, Zaugg J, Rueda DC, Hering S, Hamburger M. Phytochemical profiling of Curcuma kwangsiensis rhizome extract, and identification of labdane diterpenoids as positive GABAA receptor modulators. Phytochemistry 2013; 96:318-329. [PMID: 24011802 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An ethyl acetate extract of Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G. Lee & C.F. Liang (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes (100 μg/ml) enhanced the GABA-induced chloride current (IGABA) through GABAA receptors of the α1β2γ2S subtype by 79.0±7.0%. Potentiation of IGABA was measured using the two-microelectrode voltage-clamp technique and Xenopus laevis oocytes. HPLC-based activity profiling of the crude extract led to the identification of 11 structurally related labdane diterpenoids, including four new compounds. Structure elucidation was achieved by comprehensive analysis of on-line (LC-PDA-ESI-TOF-MS) and off-line (microprobe 1D and 2D NMR) spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of the compounds was established by comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Labdane diterpenes represent a new class of plant secondary metabolites eliciting positive GABAA receptor modulation. The highest efficiency was observed for zerumin A (maximum potentiation of IGABA by 309.4±35.6%, and EC50 of 24.9±8.8 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schramm
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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