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Jones AS, Deitch J, Yates C, Hamblin PS, Teale G, Kevat D, Lee IL. Antenatal health and perinatal outcomes of Pacific Islander women in Australia with and without gestational diabetes: A ten-year retrospective cohort study. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2024. [PMID: 38661099 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pacific Islander (PI) women in Australia have an increased risk of gestational diabetes (GDM); however, their perinatal outcomes are poorly understood. AIM The aim was to determine the maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes of PI women with and without GDM compared to Australian/European (AE)-born women. METHODS A retrospective analysis of perinatal outcomes of singleton deliveries >20 weeks' gestation between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2020 was conducted at a tertiary provider (Melbourne, Australia). Antenatal details and birth outcomes were extracted from the Birth Outcome Systems database. t-Tests and χ2, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between ethnicity and outcomes. RESULTS Of 52,795 consecutive births, 24,860 AE women (13.3% with GDM) and 1207 PI-born women (20.1% with GDM) were compared. PI women had significantly greater pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and significantly lower rates of smoking and nulliparity. PI women with GDM had higher rates of pre-eclampsia (P < 0.001), large-for-gestational age (LGA) neonates (P = 0.037) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (P = 0.017) but lower rates of small-for-gestational age neonates (P = 0.034). Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)/special care nursery requirements did not increase. After having adjusted for covariates, PI women's risk of LGA neonates (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-1.31) was attenuated; however, risk of pre-eclampsia (aOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01-2.21) and neonatal hypoglycaemia (aOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01-1.96) still increased. They were less likely to require a primary caesarean section (aOR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.73-0.99). CONCLUSION PI women have higher BMI and GDM rates, contributing to an increased likelihood of adverse perinatal outcomes. BMI is a modifiable risk factor that could be addressed prenatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel S Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Deitch
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Shane Hamblin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glyn Teale
- Women's and Children's Division, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dev Kevat
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Women's and Children's Division, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - I-Lynn Lee
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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Benbow A, Clarke M, Yates C, Montgomery R, Staniforth K, Boswell T, Prescott K, Mahida N. Hospital-wide healthcare-associated carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales outbreak: risks of electric floor scrubbers in catering facilities and kitchens. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:59-65. [PMID: 38341149 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are associated with poor clinical outcomes and can spread rapidly in healthcare settings. Environmental reservoirs are increasingly recognized as playing an important part in some nosocomial outbreaks. AIM To describe the investigation and control of a CPE outbreak, lasting several years, across two separate hospital sites within one organization. METHODS Investigation of multiple ward-level CPE cross-transmissions with a number of sporadic cases. Environmental sampling of ward environments, catering facilities and electric floor scrubbers was undertaken. FINDINGS Eleven patients over a 19-month period were identified as carrying healthcare-associated New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacter cloacae, and a further patient carried NDM Escherichia coli. E. cloacae isolates were indistinguishable on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing, supporting acquisition with a single point source. Environmental sampling found contamination of the electric floor scrubbers used for cleaning the hospital catering facilities and in the associated toilets. Standard outbreak response measures achieved control of ward outbreaks. Sporadic cases and hospital-wide cross-transmission were controlled after interventions on the central food-handling unit and by decommissioning affected floor scrubbers. Electric floor scrubbers were found to have the potential to disperse Gram-negative bacteria into the surrounding environment under experimental conditions. CONCLUSION This outbreak report demonstrates that catering facilities and kitchens can be involved in widespread healthcare outbreaks of enteric organisms. This is also the first report of the potential role of electric floor scrubbers in causing significant environmental contamination with CPE which may indicate a role in nosocomial transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Benbow
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
| | - M Clarke
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Yates
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - R Montgomery
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Staniforth
- HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU and Sepsis Division, United Kingdom Health Security Agency, UK
| | - T Boswell
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Prescott
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - N Mahida
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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Vallersnes OM, Dines AM, Wood DM, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Yates C, Giraudon I, Caganova B, Ceschi A, Galicia M, Liakoni E, Liechti ME, Miró Ò, Noseda R, Persett PS, Põld K, Schmid Y, Scholz I, Vigorita F, Dargan PI. Self-discharge during treatment for acute recreational drug toxicity: an observational study from emergency departments in seven European countries. Int J Emerg Med 2023; 16:86. [PMID: 38030969 PMCID: PMC10685690 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-023-00566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-discharge is a risk factor for readmission and excess mortality. We assess the rate of self-discharge from the emergency department (ED) among presentations for acute recreational drug toxicity and identify factors associated with self-discharge. METHODS From the Euro-DEN Plus database of presentations to the ED with acute recreational drug toxicity, we extracted data from 11 centres in seven European countries from 2014 to 2017. Self-discharge was defined as taking one's own discharge or escaping from the ED before being medically cleared. We used multiple logistic regression analyses to look for factors associated with self-discharge. RESULTS Among 15,135 included presentations, 1807 (11.9%) self-discharged. Self-discharge rates varied from 1.7 to 17.1% between centres. Synthetic cannabinoids were associated with self-discharge, adjusted odds ratio 1.44 (95% confidence interval 1.10-1.89), as were heroin, 1.44 (1.26-1.64), agitation, 1.27 (1.10-1.46), and naloxone treatment, 1.27 (1.07-1.51), while sedation protected from self-discharge, 0.38 (0.30-0.48). CONCLUSION One in eight presentations self-discharged. There was a large variation in self-discharge rates across the participating centres, possibly partly reflecting different discharge procedures and practices. Measures to improve the management of agitation and cautious administration of naloxone to avoid opioid withdrawal symptoms may be approaches worth exploring to reduce self-discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odd Martin Vallersnes
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, PB 1130, Blindern, Oslo, 0318, Norway.
- Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Prehospital Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Blazena Caganova
- National Toxicological Information Centre, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Galicia
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Evangelia Liakoni
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Noseda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Kristiina Põld
- Emergeny Medicine Department, North-Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Yasmin Schmid
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene Scholz
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Yiasemidou M, Yates C, Cooper E, Goldacre R, Lindsey I. External rectal prolapse: more than meets the eye. Tech Coloproctol 2023; 27:783-785. [PMID: 37278904 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-023-02829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Yiasemidou
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England
| | - C Yates
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England
| | - E Cooper
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England
| | - R Goldacre
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, Oxford University, Oxford, England
| | - I Lindsey
- Pelvic Floor Unit, Department of Colorectal Surgery, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, England.
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Noseda R, Franchi M, Pagnamenta A, Müller L, Dines AM, Giraudon I, Heyerdahl F, Eyer F, Hovda KE, Liechti ME, Miró Ò, Vallersnes OM, Yates C, Dargan PI, Wood DM, Ceschi A. Determinants of Admission to Critical Care Following Acute Recreational Drug Toxicity: A Euro-DEN Plus Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5970. [PMID: 37762912 PMCID: PMC10532086 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to characterize patients admitted to critical care following Emergency Department (ED) presentation with acute recreational drug toxicity and to identify determinants of admission to critical care. A retrospective multicenter matched case-control study was conducted by the European Drug Emergency Network Plus (Euro-DEN Plus) over the period 2014-2021. The cases were ED presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity admitted to critical care, the controls consisted of ED presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity medically discharged directly from the ED. The potential determinants of admission to critical care were assessed through multivariable conditional stepwise logistic regression analysis and multiple imputation was used to account for the missing data. From 2014 to 2021, 3448 Euro-DEN Plus presentations involved patients admitted to critical care (76.9% males; mean age 33.2 years; SD 10.9 years). Patient age ≥35 years (as compared to ≤18 years) was a determinant of admission to critical care following acute recreational drug toxicity (adjusted odds ratio, aOR, 1.51, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.15-1.99), along with polydrug use (aOR 1.39, 95% CI 1.22-1.59), ethanol co-ingestion (aOR 1.44, 95% CI 1.26-1.64), and the use of gamma-hydroxybutyrate/gamma-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL, aOR 3.08, 95% CI 2.66-3.57). Conversely, lower odds of admission to critical care were associated with the use of cocaine (aOR 0.85, 95% CI 0.74-0.99), cannabis (aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.37-0.52), heroin (aOR 0.80, 95% CI 0.69-0.93), and amphetamine (aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.54-0.78), as was the arrival to the ED during the night (8 p.m.-8 a.m., aOR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.98). These findings, which deserve confirmation and further investigation, could contribute to a more complete understanding of the decision-making process underlying the admission to critical care of patients with acute recreational drug toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Noseda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (R.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Matteo Franchi
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- National Centre for Healthcare Research and Pharmacoepidemiology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Pagnamenta
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Department of Intensive Care, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Pneumology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (R.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Alison M. Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.M.D.); (P.I.D.); (D.M.W.)
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 1249-289 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Prehospital Division, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway;
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, 0184 Oslo, Norway
| | - Florian Eyer
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany;
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The Norwegian CBRNE Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Matthias E. Liechti
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital and University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, 08036 Catalonia, Spain;
| | - Odd Martin Vallersnes
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway;
- Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, 0182 Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitario Son Espases, 07120 Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Paul I. Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.M.D.); (P.I.D.); (D.M.W.)
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - David M. Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London SE1 7EH, UK; (A.M.D.); (P.I.D.); (D.M.W.)
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; (R.N.); (L.M.)
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Moles RJ, Perry L, Naylor JM, Center J, Ebeling P, Duque G, Major G, White C, Yates C, Jennings M, Kotowicz M, Tran T, Bliuc D, Si L, Gibson K, Basger BJ, Bolton P, Barnett S, Hassett G, Kelly A, Bazarnik B, Ezz W, Luckie K, Carter SR. Safer medicines To reduce falls and refractures for OsteoPorosis (#STOP): a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of medical specialist-initiated pharmacist-led medication management reviews in primary care. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e072050. [PMID: 37620274 PMCID: PMC10450068 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Minimal trauma fractures (MTFs) often occur in older patients with osteoporosis and may be precipitated by falls risk-increasing drugs. One category of falls risk-increasing drugs of concern are those with sedative/anticholinergic properties. Collaborative medication management services such as Australia's Home Medicine Review (HMR) can reduce patients' intake of sedative/anticholinergics and improve continuity of care. This paper describes a protocol for an randomised controlled trial to determine the efficacy of an HMR service for patients who have sustained MTF. METHOD AND ANALYSIS Eligible participants are as follows: ≥65 years of age, using ≥5 medicines including at least one falls risk-increasing drug, who have sustained an MTF and under treatment in one of eight Osteoporosis Refracture Prevention clinics in Australia. Consenting participants will be randomised to control (standard care) or intervention groups. For the intervention group, medical specialists will refer to a pharmacist for HMR focused on reducing falls risk predominately through making recommendations to reduce falls risk medicines, and adherence to antiosteoporosis medicines. Twelve months from treatment allocation, comparisons between groups will be made. The main outcome measure is participants' cumulative exposure to sedative and anticholinergics, using the Drug Burden Index. Secondary outcomes include medication adherence, emergency department visits, hospitalisations, falls and mortality. Economic evaluation will compare the intervention strategy with standard care. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Approval was obtained via the New South Wales Research Ethics and Governance Information System (approval number: 2021/ETH12003) with site-specific approvals granted through Human Research Ethics Committees for each research site. Study outcomes will be published in peer-reviewed journals. It will provide robust insight into effectiveness of a pharmacist-based intervention on medicine-related falls risk for patients with osteoporosis. We anticipate that this study will take 2 years to fully accrue including follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12622000261718.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah Jane Moles
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lin Perry
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Technology Sydney Faculty of Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Justine M Naylor
- Whitlam Orthopaedic Research Centre, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Southwestern Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Center
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gustavo Duque
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabor Major
- Department of Rheumatology, Bone and Joint Centre, Royal Newcastle Centre, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle Faculty of Health and Medicine, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher White
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Prince of Wales Hospital and Community Health Services, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Jennings
- Physiotherapy, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Kotowicz
- Epi-Centre for Healthy Ageing, Deakin University - Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thach Tran
- Bone Biology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana Bliuc
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lei Si
- The George Institute for Global Health, Newtown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kathryn Gibson
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Benjamin Joseph Basger
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patrick Bolton
- Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Barnett
- GP Academic Unit, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Geraldine Hassett
- Ingham Institute, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Rheumatology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ayano Kelly
- Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Barbara Bazarnik
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wafaa Ezz
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate Luckie
- Musculoskeletal Clinical Group, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Ross Carter
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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7
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Ghannoum M, Gosselin S, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Mégarbane B, Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Rif M, Kallab S, Bird S, Wood DM, Roberts DM, Anseeuw K, Berling I, Bouchard J, Bunchman TE, Calello DP, Chin PK, Doi K, Galvao T, Goldfarb DS, Hoegberg LCG, Kebede S, Kielstein JT, Lewington A, Li Y, Macedo EM, MacLaren R, Mowry JB, Nolin TD, Ostermann M, Peng A, Roy JP, Shepherd G, Vijayan A, Walsh SJ, Wong A, Yates C. Extracorporeal treatment for ethylene glycol poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup. Crit Care 2023; 27:56. [PMID: 36765419 PMCID: PMC9921105 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol (EG) is metabolized into glycolate and oxalate and may cause metabolic acidemia, neurotoxicity, acute kidney injury (AKI), and death. Historically, treatment of EG toxicity included supportive care, correction of acid-base disturbances and antidotes (ethanol or fomepizole), and extracorporeal treatments (ECTRs), such as hemodialysis. With the wider availability of fomepizole, the indications for ECTRs in EG poisoning are debated. We conducted systematic reviews of the literature following published EXTRIP methods to determine the utility of ECTRs in the management of EG toxicity. The quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations, either strong ("we recommend") or weak/conditional ("we suggest"), were graded according to the GRADE approach. A total of 226 articles met inclusion criteria. EG was assessed as dialyzable by intermittent hemodialysis (level of evidence = B) as was glycolate (Level of evidence = C). Clinical data were available for analysis on 446 patients, in whom overall mortality was 18.7%. In the subgroup of patients with a glycolate concentration ≤ 12 mmol/L (or anion gap ≤ 28 mmol/L), mortality was 3.6%; in this subgroup, outcomes in patients receiving ECTR were not better than in those who did not receive ECTR. The EXTRIP workgroup made the following recommendations for the use of ECTR in addition to supportive care over supportive care alone in the management of EG poisoning (very low quality of evidence for all recommendations): i) Suggest ECTR if fomepizole is used and EG concentration > 50 mmol/L OR osmol gap > 50; or ii) Recommend ECTR if ethanol is used and EG concentration > 50 mmol/L OR osmol gap > 50; or iii) Recommend ECTR if glycolate concentration is > 12 mmol/L or anion gap > 27 mmol/L; or iv) Suggest ECTR if glycolate concentration 8-12 mmol/L or anion gap 23-27 mmol/L; or v) Recommend ECTR if there are severe clinical features (coma, seizures, or AKI). In most settings, the workgroup recommends using intermittent hemodialysis over other ECTRs. If intermittent hemodialysis is not available, CKRT is recommended over other types of ECTR. Cessation of ECTR is recommended once the anion gap is < 18 mmol/L or suggested if EG concentration is < 4 mmol/L. The dosage of antidotes (fomepizole or ethanol) needs to be adjusted during ECTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ghannoum
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’île-de-Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada ,grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Nephrology Division, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA ,grid.5477.10000000120346234Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Gosselin
- grid.420748.d0000 0000 8994 4657Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux (CISSS) de la Montérégie-Centre Emergency Department, Hôpital Charles-Lemoyne, Greenfield Park, QC Canada ,grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Faculté de Médecine et Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada ,Centre Antipoison du Québec, Quebec, QC Canada
| | - Robert S. Hoffman
- grid.137628.90000 0004 1936 8753Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Valery Lavergne
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l’île-de-Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- grid.411296.90000 0000 9725 279XDepartment of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam
- grid.411600.2Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ,grid.411600.2Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Siba Kallab
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Department of Internal Medicine-Division of Nephrology, Lebanese American University - School of Medicine, Byblos, Lebanon
| | - Steven Bird
- Department of Emergency Medicine, U Mass Memorial Health, U Mass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA USA
| | - David M. Wood
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Darren M. Roberts
- grid.430417.50000 0004 0640 6474New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Westmead, NSW Australia ,grid.413249.90000 0004 0385 0051Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW Australia
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8
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Geng Y, Yates C, Peterson RT. Social behavioral profiling by unsupervised deep learning reveals a stimulative effect of dopamine D3 agonists on zebrafish sociality. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100381. [PMID: 36814839 PMCID: PMC9939379 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
It has been a major challenge to systematically evaluate and compare how pharmacological perturbations influence social behavioral outcomes. Although some pharmacological agents are known to alter social behavior, precise description and quantification of such effects have proven difficult. We developed a scalable social behavioral assay for zebrafish named ZeChat based on unsupervised deep learning to characterize sociality at high resolution. High-dimensional and dynamic social behavioral phenotypes are automatically classified using this method. By screening a neuroactive compound library, we found that different classes of chemicals evoke distinct patterns of social behavioral fingerprints. By examining these patterns, we discovered that dopamine D3 agonists possess a social stimulative effect on zebrafish. The D3 agonists pramipexole, piribedil, and 7-hydroxy-DPAT-HBr rescued social deficits in a valproic-acid-induced zebrafish autism model. The ZeChat platform provides a promising approach for dissecting the pharmacology of social behavior and discovering novel social-modulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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9
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Crulli B, Dines AM, Blanco G, Giraudon I, Eyer F, Liechti ME, Miró Ò, Hovda KE, Heyerdahl F, Yates C, Vallersnes OM, Wood DM, Dargan PI. Novel psychoactive substances-related presentations to the emergency departments of the European drug emergencies network plus (Euro-DEN plus) over the six-year period 2014-2019. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:1318-1327. [PMID: 36322684 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2137524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) have been increasingly reported in the last 15-20 years. We aimed to describe presentations to the emergency department (ED) with acute recreational drug toxicity involving NPS. METHODS Data were extracted from the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) Plus database for all presentations to ED (36 EDs in 24 European countries) with acute toxicity between January 2014 and December 2019. Patient demographics, agents involved, and clinical outcomes were described and the subgroup of presentations involving NPS was compared with the rest of the cohort. RESULTS Out of 43,633 Euro-DEN Plus presentations, 3304 (7.6%) involved at least one NPS. Agents were identified mainly based on self-report or clinical presentation, with analytical confirmation being performed only in 17.9% of NPS presentations. The proportion of NPS presentations varied by centre (0-48.8%). For centres where data were available for all 6 years, NPS-related presentations peaked in 2015 (11.9%). In 2014, 78.4% of NPS agents reported were cathinones, while only 3.4% were synthetic cannabinoids (SCs); conversely, in 2019 only 11.6% of NPS agents reported were cathinones, while 72.2% were SCs. NPS-related presentations involved younger patients (median 30 (23-37) vs. 32 (25-40) years, p < 0.001) and more males (84.8 vs. 75.8%, p < 0.001) compared with the rest of the cohort. Patients presenting to ED after using NPS were more likely to self-discharge (22.8 vs. 15.1%), less likely to be admitted to critical care (3.6 vs. 6.1%) but had a longer length of stay in hospital (median 5.1 (2.7-18.7) vs. 4.7 (2.5-9.2) h, p < 0.001). Death occurred in 0.5% of all presentations involving NPS and in 0.4% of non-NPS presentations. CONCLUSIONS This large multicentre series of NPS presentations to European EDs showed marked geographical variation and changes over time in the proportion of presentations to ED involving NPS, as well as the proportion of NPS subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Crulli
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Georgina Blanco
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Florian Eyer
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Knut E Hovda
- Department of Acute Medicine, The National CBRNE Centre of Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Division of Prehospital Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Odd Martin Vallersnes
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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10
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Geng Y, Zhang T, Alonzo IG, Godar SC, Yates C, Pluimer BR, Harrison DL, Nath AK, Yeh JRJ, Drummond IA, Bortolato M, Peterson RT. Top2a promotes the development of social behavior via PRC2 and H3K27me3. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabm7069. [PMID: 36417527 PMCID: PMC9683714 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Little is understood about the embryonic development of sociality. We screened 1120 known drugs and found that embryonic inhibition of topoisomerase IIα (Top2a) resulted in lasting social deficits in zebrafish. In mice, prenatal Top2 inhibition caused defects in social interaction and communication, which are behaviors that relate to core symptoms of autism. Mutation of Top2a in zebrafish caused down-regulation of a set of genes highly enriched for genes associated with autism in humans. Both the Top2a-regulated and autism-associated gene sets have binding sites for polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), a regulatory complex responsible for H3K27 trimethylation (H3K27me3). Moreover, both gene sets are highly enriched for H3K27me3. Inhibition of the PRC2 component Ezh2 rescued social deficits caused by Top2 inhibition. Therefore, Top2a is a key component of an evolutionarily conserved pathway that promotes the development of social behavior through PRC2 and H3K27me3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Geng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tejia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ivy G. Alonzo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sean C. Godar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Brock R. Pluimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Devin L. Harrison
- The Graduate Program in Biophysical Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Anjali K. Nath
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Metabolism Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jing-Ruey Joanna Yeh
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Iain A. Drummond
- Davis Center for Aging and Regeneration, MDI Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Randall T. Peterson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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11
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Gurdasani D, Pagel C, McKee M, Michie S, Greenhalgh T, Yates C, Scally G, Ziauddeen H. Covid-19 in the UK: policy on children and schools. BMJ 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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12
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Schmid Y, Galicia M, Vogt SB, Liechti ME, Burillo-Putze G, Dargan PI, Dines AM, Giraudon I, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Wood DM, Yates C, Miró Ò. Differences in clinical features associated with cannabis intoxication in presentations to European emergency departments according to patient age and sex. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2022; 60:912-919. [PMID: 35404194 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2022.2060116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if clinical features associated with acute cannabis intoxication in patients presenting to Emergency Departments for medical assistance differ according to patient age and sex. METHODS We analysed presentations in the Euro-DEN Plus dataset from 2014 to 2019 in which cannabis was the only drug involved (except for alcohol), and age, sex and alcohol co-ingestion had been recorded. Age was considered as categorical (five groups; <20, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49 and ≥50 years), and sex as binary variable (male/female). We evaluated 12 key clinical features recorded during emergency department (ED) care. Risks of presenting with each of these clinical features according to patient age and sex were calculated by logistic regression models, and adjusted for sex, age and alcohol co-ingestion. RESULTS 4,268 of 43,633 Euro-DEN presentations (9.8%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria (median age: 26 years (IQR = 20-34), 70% male, 52% co-ingested alcohol). The frequency of clinical features was: anxiety 28%, vomiting 24%, agitation 23%, palpitations 14%, reduced consciousness 13%, acute psychosis 9%, hallucinations 9%, chest pain 7%, headache 6%, hypotension 4%, hypertension 3% and seizures 2%. Patients younger than 20 years more frequently had vomiting (34.7% of cases), reduced consciousness (21.5%), and headache (10.8%); and less frequently acute psychosis (5.5%). Patients older than 49 years more often had hypotension (6.5%) and less frequently vomiting (20%), anxiety (14%), agitation (14%) and reduced consciousness (10%). Males more frequently presented with hypertension (3.7 vs. 1.5%; OR = 2.311, 95%CI = 1.299-3.816), psychosis (10.4 vs 6.3%; 1.948, 1.432-2.430), chest pain (8.1 vs 4.5%; 1.838, 1.390-2.430) and seizures (2.5 vs 1.4%; 1.805, 1.065-3.060), and less frequently with vomiting (21.8 vs 28.2%; 0.793, 0.677-0.930), anxiety (25.4 vs 32.3%; 0.655, 0.561-0.766) and hypotension (2.9 vs 5.8%; 0.485, 0.350-0.671). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of some clinical features typically associated with acute cannabis intoxication differed according to age and sex. The causes for these differences should be further investigated in order to better understand the pathophysiology of cannabis-related acute toxicity, and they may be relevant particularly for developing prevention campaigns and for treatment in specific sex and/or age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmin Schmid
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Galicia
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Severin B Vogt
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillermo Burillo-Putze
- Emergency Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Prehospital Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yates
- SAMU 061 Balears. Grupo de trabajo de Toxicología Clínica. IdISBa.Mallorca, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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13
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Bouchard J, Yates C, Calello DP, Gosselin S, Roberts DM, Lavergne V, Hoffman RS, Ostermann M, Peng A, Ghannoum M. Extracorporeal Treatment for Gabapentin and Pregabalin Poisoning: Systematic Review and Recommendations From the EXTRIP Workgroup. Am J Kidney Dis 2021; 79:88-104. [PMID: 34799138 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2021.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Toxicity from gabapentin and pregabalin overdose is commonly encountered. Treatment is supportive, and the use of extracorporeal treatments (ECTRs) is controversial. The EXTRIP workgroup conducted systematic reviews of the literature and summarized findings following published methods. Thirty-three articles (30 patient reports and 3 pharmacokinetic studies) met the inclusion criteria. High gabapentinoid extracorporeal clearance (>150mL/min) and short elimination half-life (<5 hours) were reported with hemodialysis. The workgroup assessed gabapentin and pregabalin as "dialyzable" for patients with decreased kidney function (quality of the evidence grade as A and B, respectively). Limited clinical data were available (24 patients with gabapentin toxicity and 7 with pregabalin toxicity received ECTR). Severe toxicity, mortality, and sequelae were rare in cases receiving ECTR and in historical controls receiving standard care alone. No clear clinical benefit from ECTR could be identified although major knowledge gaps were acknowledged, as well as costs and harms of ECTR. The EXTRIP workgroup suggests against performing ECTR in addition to standard care rather than standard care alone (weak recommendation, very low quality of evidence) for gabapentinoid poisoning in patients with normal kidney function. If decreased kidney function and coma requiring mechanical ventilation are present, the workgroup suggests performing ECTR in addition to standard care (weak recommendation, very low quality of evidence).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Bouchard
- Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, SAMU 061, Balears, Spain; IdISBa Clinical Toxicology Workgroup, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Diane P Calello
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; New Jersey Poison Information and Education System, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Sophie Gosselin
- Centre Intégré de Santé et de Services Sociaux, Montérégie-Centre Emergency Department, Hôpital Charles-Lemoyne, Greenfield Park, Quebec, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Centre Antipoison du Québec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Darren M Roberts
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Drug Health Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Valéry Lavergne
- Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert S Hoffman
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Critical Care & Nephrology, King's College, London, United Kingdom; Guy's & St Thomas Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Peng
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Marc Ghannoum
- Research Center, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'île-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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14
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Miró Ò, Waring WS, Dargan PI, Wood DM, Dines AM, Yates C, Giraudon I, Moughty A, O'Connor N, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Vallersnes OM, Paasma R, Pold K, Jürgens G, Megarbane B, Anand JS, Liakoni E, Liechti M, Eyer F, Zacharov S, Caganova B, Bonnici J, Radenkova-Saeva J, Galicia M. Variation of drugs involved in acute drug toxicity presentations based on age and sex: an epidemiological approach based on European emergency departments. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 59:896-904. [PMID: 33724118 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2021.1884693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyse the relative percentage of acute recreational drug toxicity emergency department (ED) presentations involving the main drug groups according to age and sex and investigate different patterns based on sex and age strata. METHODS We analysed all patients with acute recreational drug toxicity included by the Euro-DEN Plus dataset (22 EDs in 14 European countries) between October 2013 and December 2016 (39 months). Drugs were grouped as: opioids, cocaine, cannabis, amphetamines, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), hallucinogens, new psychoactive substances (NPS), benzodiazepines and ketamine. Descriptive data by age and sex are presented and compared among age/sex categories and among drug families. RESULTS Of 17,371 patients were included during the 39-month period, 17,198 (99.0%) had taken at least one of the investigated drugs (median age: 31 years; 23.9% female; ethanol co-ingestion recorded in 41.5%, unknown in 31.2%; multiple drug use in 37.9%). Opioids (in 31.4% of patients) and amphetamines (23.3%) were the most frequently involved and hallucinogens (1.9%) and ketamine (1.7%) the least. Overall, female patients were younger than males, both in the whole cohort (median age 29 vs. 32 years; p < 0.001) and in all drug groups except benzodiazepines (median age 36 vs. 36 years; p = 0.83). The relative proportion of each drug group was different at every age strata and some patterns could be clearly described: cannabis, NPS and hallucinogens were the most common in patients <20 years; amphetamines, ketamine and cocaine in the 20- to 39-year group; GHB/GBL in the 30- to 39-year group; and opioids and benzodiazepines in patients ≥40 years. Ethanol and other drug co-ingestion was more frequent at middle-ages, and multidrug co-ingestion was more common in females than males. CONCLUSION Differences in the drugs involved in acute drug toxicity presentations according to age and sex may be relevant for developing drug-prevention and education programs for some particular subgroups of the population based on the increased risk of adverse events in specific sex and/or age strata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.,Medical School, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - William S Waring
- Acute Medical Unit York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adrian Moughty
- Emergency Department Mater, Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Niall O'Connor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, Republic of Ireland
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Department of Prehospital Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E Hovda
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Odd M Vallersnes
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Gesche Jürgens
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark.,Department and Clinical Pharmacology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Jacek S Anand
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Evangelia Liakoni
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian Eyer
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sergej Zacharov
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicological Information Centre, Charles Universtity and General Hospital University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blazena Caganova
- National Toxicological Information Center, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Miguel Galicia
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Waldman W, Kabata PM, Dines AM, Wood DM, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Dargan PI, Sein Anand J. Rhabdomyolysis related to acute recreational drug toxicity-A Euro-DEN study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246297. [PMID: 33705425 PMCID: PMC7951866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to retrospectively assess the relationships between: rhabdomyolysis (quantified by creatine kinase (CK) activity) and kidney injury (quantified by serum creatinine concentration), sex, age, body temperature on admission, presence of seizures, and agitation or aggression in patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute recreational drug toxicity. We also investigated the association with the substances ingested. Methods All presentations to the 16 sentinel Euro-DEN centres in 10 European countries with acute recreational drug toxicity during the first year of the Euro-DEN study (October 2013 to September 2014) were considered. Cases that had abnormal CK activity recorded as part of routine clinical care were divided into 3 cohorts depending on peak CK activity. Cases with normal CK activity were included as a control group (4th cohort). Results Only 1,015 (18.4%) of the 5,529 Euro-DEN presentations had CK activity concentration recorded. Of this group 353 (34.8%) had also creatinine concentration measured. There were 375 (36.9%) with minor rhabdomyolysis, 69 (6.8%) with moderate rhabdomyolysis, and 24 (2.4%) with severe rhabdomyolysis; 547 (53.9%) were included in the control group. There was a positive correlation between CK activity and creatinine concentration (correlation coefficient r = 0.71, p<0.0001). There was no correlation between CK activity and body temperature at the time of presentation to the ED (correlation coefficient r = 0.07, p = 0.03). There was a positive correlation between CK activity and length of stay in the hospital (r = 0.31, p<0.001). There was no association between CK activity and the presence of seizures (p = 0.33) or agitation/aggression (p = 0.45), patients age (p = 0.4) or sex (p = 0.25). The 5 most common agents amongst patients presenting with rhabdomyolysis were: cocaine (n = 107; 22.9% presentations), amphetamine (76; 16.2%), cannabis (74; 15.8%), GHB/GBL (72; 15.4%) and heroin (67; 14.3%). The distribution of rhabdomyolysis in 5 most common drugs was (drug; patients with rhabdomyolysis, patients without rhabdomyolysis): cocaine (107, 122), cannabis (74, 117), GHB/GBL (72, 81), amphetamine (76, 66), heroin (67, 70). Conclusions Abnormal values of CK activity occurred in almost half (46.1%) of presentations to the Emergency Department with acute recreational drug toxicity in whom CK activity was measured; however, severe rhabdomyolysis is seen in only a small minority (2.4%). Those with rhabdomyolysis are at significantly higher risk of kidney injury and have a longer length of hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Waldman
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacek Sein Anand
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.,Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Gdansk, Poland
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16
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Noseda R, Schmid Y, Scholz I, Liakoni E, Liechti ME, Dargan PI, Wood DM, Dines AM, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Ceschi A, Anand L, Anseeuw K, Badaras R, Bonnici J, Brvar M, Burke R, Caganova B, Eyer F, Galicia M, Geith S, Gillebeert J, Grenc D, Gorozia K, Jaffal K, Jürgens G, Konstari J, Kutubidze S, Laubner G, Liguts V, Lyphout C, Mégarbane B, Miró Ò, Moughty A, O'Connor N, Paasma R, Perez JO, Perminas M, Persett PS, Põld K, Puiguriguer J, Radenkova-Saeva J, Rulisek J, Sopirala R, Stašinskis R, Surkus J, Toth I, Vallersnes OM, Vigorita F, Waldman W, Waring WS, Zacharov S. MDMA-related presentations to the emergency departments of the European Drug Emergencies Network plus (Euro-DEN Plus) over the four-year period 2014–2017. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2020; 59:131-137. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1784914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Noseda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Schmid
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Irene Scholz
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Evangelia Liakoni
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E. Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul I. Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - David M. Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M. Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Prehospital Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Bodo, Norway
| | - Knut E. Hovda
- The Norwegian CBRNE Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Lukasz Anand
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kurt Anseeuw
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Miran Brvar
- Centre for Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rachel Burke
- Emergency Department, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Republic of Ireland
| | - Blazena Caganova
- National Toxicological Information Centre, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Florian Eyer
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stefanie Geith
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Gillebeert
- Department of Emergency Medicine, ZNA Stuivenberg, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Damjan Grenc
- Centre for Clinical Toxicology and Pharmacology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ketevan Gorozia
- Archangel St. Michael Multiprofile Clinical Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Karim Jaffal
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisiere Hospital, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Gesche Jürgens
- Zealand University Hospital Roskilde, Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Soso Kutubidze
- Archangel St. Michael Multiprofile Clinical Hospital, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Gabija Laubner
- Republic Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Bruno Mégarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisiere Hospital, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clınic, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrian Moughty
- Emergency Department, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin 7, Republic of Ireland
| | - Niall O'Connor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, County Louth, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Juan Ortega Perez
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain
| | - Marius Perminas
- Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LSMU), Kauno klinikos, Kaunus, Lithuania
| | - Per Sverre Persett
- Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Kristiina Põld
- Emergency Medicine Department, North-Estonia Medical Centre, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jordi Puiguriguer
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Island, Spain
| | | | - Jan Rulisek
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, U Nemocnice 2, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Radhika Sopirala
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, County Louth, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Jonas Surkus
- Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LSMU), Kauno klinikos, Kaunus, Lithuania
| | | | - Odd Martin Vallersnes
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Wojciech Waldman
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Medical University of Gdansk, Poland
- Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Gdansk, Poland
| | - W. Stephen Waring
- Acute Medical Unit, York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, York, UK
| | - Sergej Zacharov
- Toxicological Information Centre, Department of Occupational Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Na Bojisti 1, 120 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
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17
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Layne KA, Dargan PI, Dines AM, Leaper C, Yates C, Hovda KE, Heyerdahl F, Archer JRH, Giraudon I, Wood DM. Acute toxicity related to misuse (nonmedical use) of tramadol: Experience of the European Drug Emergencies Network Plus. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 87:1668-1675. [PMID: 32503085 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the development of the tramadol crisis currently affecting countries in the Middle East, and Africa, there has been increasing international interest in the regulation of tramadol. This study investigates the misuse of tramadol in patients presenting to emergency departments across Europe. Data from 32 emergency departments in 21 countries were extracted from the Euro-DEN Plus database for the 4-year period from 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2017. Of the reported 24,957 emergency department presentations, tramadol misuse was reported in 105 (0.4% presentations). Tramadol misuse was most common in Bratislava (Slovakia; n = 11, 7.5% of all presentations to this centre), Riga (Latvia; n = 4, 4.9%) and Munich (Germany; n = 17, 2.9%). On arrival, 14 (13.3%) of presentations were in coma/Glasgow coma score ≤ 8 and 9 of these had a respiratory rate <12 breaths/min. These presentations potentially pose a significant burden on emergency departments with a large proportion requiring admission to hospital for ongoing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerry A Layne
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Craig Leaper
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- Prehospital Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,The Norwegian Air Ambulance Foundation, Oslo, Norway
| | - John R H Archer
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
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18
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Miró Ò, Yates C, Dines AM, Wood DM, Dargan PI, Galán I, Jerez A, Puiguriguer J, Waring WS, Moughty A, O'Connor N, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Vallersnes OM, Paasma R, Põld K, Jürgens G, Megarbane B, Anand JS, Liakoni E, Liechti M, Eyer F, Zacharov S, Caganova B, Giraudon I, Galicia M. Emergencies related to recreational drug abuse in Spain compared to emergencies attended in 3 European areas. Emergencias 2019; 30:385-394. [PMID: 30638341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze epidemiologic, clinical, and care characteristics in cases in which patients came to 2 Spanish emergency departments (EDs) with symptoms caused by recreational drug abuse. To compare the characteristics with those reported for other areas of Europe. MATERIAL AND METHODS Secondary analysis of the registry of the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN Plus), which collects cases in 14 European countries and 20 EDs. The registry included all patients attending EDs with symptoms of recreational drug abuse (excepting cases involving alcohol alone) over a period of 39 consecutive months (October 2013 to December 2016). We compared the cases from the 2 Spanish EDs (in Barcelona and Palma de Mallorca) to those from the 5 EDs in Ireland and the UK, 6 in northern Europe, and 7 in central Europe. RESULTS A total of 17 104 patients' cases were included: Spain, 1186; UK and Ireland, 6653; northern Europe, 6097; and central Europe, 3168. Spain saw more emergencies related to cocaine (48.4%) and fewer related to opioids (12.4%) than the other areas. The Spanish patients were younger (32.2 years) on average than those in northern Europe and older than those in the UK and Ireland and central Europe. Fewer patients were women in Spain (21.9%) than in northern or central Europe. Fewer arrived in ambulances in Spain (70.0%) than in the UK and Ireland or northern Europe. The Spanish EDs recorded the temperature and respiratory frequency of fewer patients (29.8% and 30.3%, respectively). Clinical signs differed between geographical areas attributable to differences in drug-use patterns. In Spain, naloxone was used by fewer patients (9.6%) than in the UK and Ireland and northern Europe, and flumazenil was used by more patients (5.6%) than in other areas. Spain saw lower percentages of admissions (4.6%) and patients who left without an ED discharge (6.2%) in comparison with other areas. Mortality rates in the Spanish EDs (0.4%) and after discharge from them (0.7%) were higher than in northern Europe. CONCLUSION The characteristics of emergencies related to recreational drug abuse registered by the Spanish EDs were differed from those registered in other parts of Europe due to different patterns of drug use. We also detected differences between the Spanish and other European EDs with respect to examinations or tests performed, treatment given, and discharge disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Miró
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona; Grupo de Investigación "Urgencias: Procesos y Patologías", IDIBAPS, Barcelona, España. Facultad de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, España
| | - Christopher Yates
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, Londres, Reino Unido
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, Londres, Reino Unido. Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Londres, Reino Unido
| | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, Londres, Reino Unido. Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Londres, Reino Unido
| | - Itxaso Galán
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona; Grupo de Investigación "Urgencias: Procesos y Patologías", IDIBAPS, Barcelona, España
| | - Alba Jerez
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona; Grupo de Investigación "Urgencias: Procesos y Patologías", IDIBAPS, Barcelona, España
| | - Jordi Puiguriguer
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, España
| | - W Stephen Waring
- Acute Medical Unit York Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust York, Reino Unido
| | - Adrian Moughty
- Emergency Department Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, República de Irlanda
| | - Niall O'Connor
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital, Drogheda, County Louth, República de Irlanda
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Noruega
| | - Knut E Hovda
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Noruega
| | - Odd M Vallersnes
- Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Noruega
| | | | | | - Gesche Jürgens
- Zealand University Hospital Roskilde Clinical Pharmacology Unit Roskilde, Dinamarca. Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenague, Dinamarca
| | - Bruno Megarbane
- Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, INSERM UMRS-1144, Paris-Diderot University, Paris, Francia
| | - Jacek S Anand
- Department of Clinical Toxicology Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Pomeranian Centre of Toxicology, Gdansk, Polonia
| | - Evangelia Liakoni
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Berna, Suiza
| | - Matthias Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basilea, Suiza
| | - Florian Eyer
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Alemania
| | - Sergej Zacharov
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Toxicological Information Centre, Charles Universtity and General Hospital University, Praga, República Checa
| | - Blazena Caganova
- Natonal Toxicological Information Center, University Hospital, Bratislava, Eslovaquia
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel Galicia
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona; Grupo de Investigación "Urgencias: Procesos y Patologías", IDIBAPS, Barcelona, España
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19
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Galicia M, Dargan PI, Dines AM, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Wood DM, Miró Ò. Clinical relevance of ethanol coingestion in patients with GHB/GBL intoxication. Toxicol Lett 2019; 314:37-42. [PMID: 31301370 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ethanol intake can increase the sedative effects of gamma-hydroxybutyrate/gamma-butyrolactone (GHB/GBL), although the real clinical impact is unknown. We studied the clinical impact of the co-ingestion of ethanol in patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute toxicity related to GHB/GBL use. METHOD We performed a secondary analysis of the Euro-DEN Plus Registry (14 countries, 22 EDs) which includes 17,371 consecutive patients presenting to the ED with acute recreational drug toxicity over 39 consecutive months (October 2013 - December 2016). We compared the epidemiological and clinical characteristics and ED management of patients identified as presenting with acute toxicity related to lone GHB/GBL (Group A) or GHB/GBL combined with ethanol (Group B) without other concomitant drugs. RESULTS A total of 609 patients were included (age 32 (8) years; 116 women (19%); Group A: 183 patients and Group B: 426). The most common features were reduction in consciousness (defined as Glasgow Coma Score <13 points: 56.1%) and agitation/aggressiveness (33.6%). Those with ethanol co-ingestion were younger patients (Group A/B: 31.5/33.1 years, p = 0.029) and ethanol co-ingestion was associated with a lower frequency of bradycardia (23.5%/15.7%, p = 0.027) and more frequent arrival at the ED by ambulance (68.3/86.6%; p < 0.001), reduction in consciousness (58.9%/49.1%; p = 0.031), need for treatment in the ED (49.2%/60.4%; p = 0.011), use of sedatives (20.1%/12.8%; p = 0.034), admission to critical care units (22.4%/55.3%; p < 0.001), and longer hospital stay (stay longer than 6 h: 16.9%/28.4%; p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Co-ingestion of ethanol increases the adverse effects of patients intoxicated by GHB/GBL, leading to greater depression of consciousness, need for treatment, admission to the ICU and longer hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Galicia
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Yates
- Servicio de Urgencias, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabella Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain; Medical School, University of Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Wolfe CE, Wood DM, Dines A, Whatley BP, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Dargan PI, Anseeuw K, Badaras R, Bonnici J, Brvar M, Caganova B, Ceschi A, Eyer F, Galicia M, Geith S, Gillebeert J, Grenc D, Gorozia K, Jaffal K, Jürgens G, Kabata PM, Kennedy I, Konstari J, Kutubidze S, Laubner G, Liakoni E, Liechti ME, Lyphout C, Mégarbane B, Miró Ò, Moughty A, Müller L, O'Connor N, Paasma R, Perez JO, Perminas M, Persett PS, Põld K, Puiguriguer J, Radenkova-Saeva J, Rulisek J, Schmid Y, Scholz I, Sopirala R, Surkus J, Toth I, Vallersnes OM, Vigorita F, Waldman W, Waring WS, Zacharov S. Seizures as a complication of recreational drug use: Analysis of the Euro-DEN Plus data-set. Neurotoxicology 2019; 73:183-187. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Miró Ò, Yates C, Galicia M. Author’s reply. Emergencias 2019; 31:220. [PMID: 31210459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Miró
- Área de Urgencias, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
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22
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Berling I, Hatten BW, Hoffman RS, Othong R, Roberts DM, Mustafa RA, Yates C, Cormier M, Gosselin S. Guidelines for reporting case studies and series on drug-induced QT interval prolongation and its complications following acute overdose. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019; 58:20-28. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1605077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Berling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Benjamin W. Hatten
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert S. Hoffman
- Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rittirak Othong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Darren M. Roberts
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St Vincent’s Hospital and University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Reem A. Mustafa
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Healthcare System, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department/Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Monique Cormier
- Clinical Toxicology Recommendations Collaborative, American Academy of Clinical Toxicology, McLean, VA, USA
| | - Sophie Gosselin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hôpital Charles-Lemoyne, Greenfield Park, Canada
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Shen A, Yates C, Phillips L, Torpy H, Torpy R, Das S, King J, Torpy D, Colman P. MON-457 One in Five Patients Develop Multiple Hormone Deficiencies Following Radiotherapy for Acromegaly or Cushing's Disease. J Endocr Soc 2019. [PMCID: PMC6551008 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-mon-457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Shen
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville Victoria, , Australia
| | | | | | - Helena Torpy
- The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, , Australia
| | - Rachel Torpy
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, , Australia
| | - Sourav Das
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital Epicentre, Melbourne, , Australia
| | - James King
- The Royal Melbourne Hospital Neurosurgery Department, Melbourne, , Australia
| | - David Torpy
- Dept of Endo and Metab, Royal Adelaide Hosp, Adelaide, , Australia
| | - Peter Colman
- Diabetes & Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville VIC, , Australia
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24
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Miró Ò, Dargan PI, Wood DM, Dines AM, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Galicia M. Epidemiology, clinical features and management of patients presenting to European emergency departments with acute cocaine toxicity: comparison between powder cocaine and crack cocaine cases. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019; 57:718-726. [PMID: 30696283 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1549735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyse the epidemiology, clinical picture and emergency department (ED) management of a large series of patients who presented to European EDs after cocaine consumption, comparing data from powder (C1 group) and crack (C2 group) consumers. Methods: Between October 2013 and December 2016, the Euro-DEN Plus Registry recorded 17,371 consecutive acute recreational drug toxicity presentations to 22 EDs in 14 European countries. Epidemiological and demographic data, co-ingestion of alcohol and other drugs, clinical features, ED management and outcome (death) were analysed for cocaine cases, and comparison of clinical picture in C1 and C2 patients were performed adjusting for alcohol and other drug co-ingestion. Results: We included 3002 cases (C1: 2600; C2: 376; mixed consumption: 26): mean age 32(9) years, 23% female. The proportion of presentations involving cocaine varied significantly between countries (>30% in Malta, Spain, France, Denmark) and only centres in France, United Kingdom, Poland, Ireland and Malta recorded crack-related cases. Cocaine was frequently used with ethanol (74.3%, C1>C2) and other drugs (56.8%, C2>C1), the most frequent amphetamine (19.4%, C1>C2) and opioids (18.9%, C2>C1). C2 patients were more likely to have clinically significant episodes of hypotension (adjusted OR = 2.35; 95%CI = 1.42-3.89), and bradypnea (1.81; 1.03-3.16) and systolic blood pressure >180 mmHg on ED arrival (2.59; 1.28-5.25); while less likely anxiety (0.51; 0.38-0.70), chest pain (0.47; 0.31-0.70), palpitations (0.57; 0.38-0.84), vomiting (0.54; 0.32-0.90), and tachycardia on ED arrival (0.52; 0.39-0.67). Sedative drugs were given in 29.3%. The median length of hospital stay was 4:02 h, 22.1% patients were hospitalized, and 0.4% (n = 12) died. Conclusion: Cocaine is commonly involved in European ED presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity, but there is variation across Europe not just in the involvement of cocaine but in the proportion related to powder versus crack. Some differences in clinical picture and ED management exist between powder cocaine and crack consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Òscar Miró
- Emergency Department , Hospital Clínic, Barcelona; IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain.,Medical School , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Paul I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners , London , United Kingdom.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - David M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners , London , United Kingdom.,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine , King's College London , London , United Kingdom
| | - Alison M Dines
- Clinical Toxicology , Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners , London , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Yates
- Servicio de Urgencias , Hospital Son Espases , Palma de Mallorca , Spain
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division , Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) , Lisbon , Portugal
| | | | - Miguel Galicia
- Emergency Department , Hospital Clínic, Barcelona; IDIBAPS , Barcelona , Spain
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25
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Yamamoto T, Dargan PI, Dines A, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Sedefov R, Wood DM. Concurrent Use of Benzodiazepine by Heroin Users-What Are the Prevalence and the Risks Associated with This Pattern of Use? J Med Toxicol 2018; 15:4-11. [PMID: 30066312 DOI: 10.1007/s13181-018-0674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polydrug use involving heroin and benzodiazepines is common. The potential risk of additive pharmacological effects may be associated with poorer outcomes in patients who use benzodiazepines together with heroin. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical picture of patients presenting to the emergency department following acute drug toxicity involving heroin and benzodiazepines. METHODS Exposure information, clinical data and outcome of acute drug toxicity presentations were collected between 1 October 2013 and 30 September 2014 as part of the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) project. The database was interrogated to identify patients who had taken heroin with or without benzodiazepine(s). RESULTS A total of 1345 presentations involving acute heroin toxicity were identified: 492 had used one or more non-heroin/benzodiazepine drug and were not further considered in this study; 662 were lone heroin users and 191 had co-used heroin with one or more benzodiazepines. Co-users were more likely than lone heroin users to have reduced respiratory rate at presentation 12.7 ± 4.9 vs 13.6 ± 4.4 (p = 0.02) and require admission to hospital 18.3 vs 9.8% (p < 0.01). There were no differences in critical care admission rates 3.1 vs 3.9% (p = 0.83) or length of stay 4 h 59 min vs 5 h 32 min (p = 0.23). The 3 most common benzodiazepines were clonazepam, diazepam, and alprazolam. No differences were observed for clinical features between the three benzodiazepines. CONCLUSION This study shows that co-use of heroin and benzodiazepines is common, although the overall outcomes between co-users of heroin and benzodiazepines and heroin-only users were similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamamoto
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - P I Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK.,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK
| | - C Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | - F Heyerdahl
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - K E Hovda
- The National CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Medical Division, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - R Sedefov
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D M Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners, London, UK. .,Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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26
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Mahida N, Prescott K, Yates C, Spencer F, Weston V, Boswell T. Outbreak of invasive group A streptococcus: investigations using agar settle plates detect perineal shedding from a healthcare worker. J Hosp Infect 2018; 100:e209-e215. [PMID: 29605189 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of group A streptococcus (GAS) infections may occur in healthcare settings. Transmission to patients is sometimes linked to colonized healthcare workers (HCWs) and/or a contaminated environment. AIM To describe the investigation and control of an outbreak of healthcare-associated GAS on an elderly care medical ward, over six months. METHODS Four patients developed septicaemia due to GAS infection without a clinically obvious site of infection. The outbreak team undertook an investigation involving a retrospective review of GAS cases, prospective case finding, HCW screening and environmental sampling using both swabs and settle plates. Immediate control measures included source isolation and additional cleaning of the ward environment with a chlorine disinfectant and hydrogen peroxide. FINDINGS Prospective patient screening identified one additional patient with throat GAS carriage. Settle plate positivity for GAS was strongly associated with the presence of one individual HCW on the ward, who was subsequently found to have GAS perineal carriage. Contamination of a fabric-upholstered chair in an office adjacent to the ward, used by the HCW, was also detected. In total, three asymptomatic HCWs had throat GAS carriage and one HCW had both perineal and throat carriage. All isolates were typed as emm 28. CONCLUSION This is the first outbreak report demonstrating the use of settle plates in a GAS outbreak investigation on a medical ward, to identify the likely source of the outbreak. Based on this report we recommend that both throat and perineal sites should be sampled if HCW screening is undertaken during an outbreak of GAS. Fabric, soft furnishings should be excluded from clinical areas as well as any adjacent offices because pathogenic bacteria such as GAS may contaminate this environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Mahida
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.
| | - K Prescott
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Yates
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - F Spencer
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - V Weston
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - T Boswell
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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27
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Jones AR, McNeil A, Yates C, Krishnamurthy B, Hamblin PS. Difficulties in cerebrospinal fluid βhCG interpretation in a patient with an infundibular lesion. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2018; 2018:17-0168. [PMID: 29497538 PMCID: PMC5825882 DOI: 10.1530/edm-17-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of neoplastic, inflammatory and congenital conditions can cause pituitary stalk thickening. Differentiating between these causes is important as targeted treatment may be offered. Diagnostic work-up consists of a thorough history, examination, biochemical analysis and imaging. We present the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with diabetes insipidus and had pituitary stalk thickening on magnetic resonance imaging. Further investigations revealed an elevated CSF βhCG, which raised the possibility of an intracranial germ cell tumor. However, when repeated on four different assays, the βhCG levels were discordant. On serial imaging, the pituitary stalk thickening reduced slightly, which would be unexpected for a germ cell tumor. This case raises the difficulties interpreting CSF βhCG, as not all immunoassays for βhCG have been validated for use in CSF. The Roche Diagnostics Elecsys and Siemens Centaur assays have been validated for CSF βhCG, and so we advocate using one of these methods. If unavailable or serum/CSF results are ambiguous, serial MRI is appropriate, with pituitary stalk biopsy considered if the stalk measures >6.5 mm or other imaging abnormalities are present. LEARNING POINTS Most adult patients with central diabetes insipidus have imaging abnormalities on a pituitary MRI. The most common abnormalities are loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot and pituitary stalk thickening, both of which are non-specific.Causes of pituitary stalk thickening include neoplastic, inflammatory, infective and congenital lesions.Investigation of pituitary stalk thickening should encompass the many possible causes and include biochemical analyses as well as imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Further investigations should be guided by the clinical context, but may include testicular ultrasound, CSF analysis and pituitary stalk biopsy.Germ cell tumors involving the pituitary stalk may be suspected on clinical grounds, but in the absence of a tissue diagnosis (biopsy) confirmation may be difficult and relies on biochemical assessment of blood and possibly CSF as well as serial MRI imaging.CSF βhCG levels should be analyzed on an instrument validated for use in CSF or on multiple instruments, and the pitfalls of testing this marker (false negative in some germ cell tumors, false positives in other conditions, lack of internationally agreed reference ranges for diagnosing germ cell tumors) should be considered when interpreting the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia R Jones
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesWestern Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan McNeil
- Dorevitch PathologyHeidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesWestern Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne (Royal Melbourne Hospital), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bala Krishnamurthy
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesWestern Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne (St. Vincent’s Hospital), Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter S Hamblin
- Department of Endocrinology and DiabetesWestern Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
- Department of MedicineThe University of Melbourne (Western Campus), St Albans, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Hughley RW, Colomb WD, Shweta T, Yates C. Abstract P3-05-11: Immune and basal signature correlation to targeted therapies and race in QNBC patients. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p3-05-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: African American women have worse prognosis and poor survival rates due to lack of Androgen Receptor expression. These subtypes, the Quadruple Negative Breast Cancers (QNBC), currently have no treatments. Previously, we found that AA TNBC have 28% more chance of being QNBC and have 25% higher rate of progression vs the Caucasian Americans (CA). Also, these QNBC patients have a unique immune and basal signature. Here, we explore individual genes and their correlation to race and immune therapies. Methods: We analyzed AR mRNA expression in 925 tumors from CA or AA women from The Cancer Genome Atlas and independently validated AR protein levels by immunohistochemistry in 197 primary tumors. Samples were dichotomized as AR positive or negative using mean gene expression cutoff. Gene expression comparisons among groups were determined using standard t-tests, ANOVA, and odds ratios with a significance threshold alpha of 0.05. a of 0.05. Therapy targets were selected from the list of significantly differentiated genes. Boxplots and heatmaps were made using R packages. Cumulative Incidence plots for time to progression were constructed using XLStats and Grays test for significance. Results: QNBC CA have higher expression of PDCD4 (p <.001), CD46 (p <.001), CD3EAP (p =.04) and CD84 (p =.07) compared to QNBC AA. CD47 (p = .63) and PD1 (p =.96) express no significant differences in race[CY1]. QNBC AA show higher expression of NFKB (p <.001), CCL2 (p <.001), and IL12 (p <.001) compared to QNBC CAs. Interestingly, QNBCs with high expressions of CD47 (p = .04) have poor prognosis[L2]. Thus, QNBC patients with low expression of CD46 (p =.025), PDCD4 (p < .001), and CD3EAP (p < .001) have poor prognosis and overall survival. Conclusions: Current immune targeted therapies like CD47 and PD1 looks favorable for treatment in some QNBC patients. Race appears to effect other major therapy target gene expressions in the QNBC immune basal signature as well. This may imply that QNBC AA and CA have different immune response which may explain racial progression differences. Assessment of immune markers may contribute to more accurate prognosis.
Citation Format: Hughley RW, Colomb WD, Shweta T, Yates C. Immune and basal signature correlation to targeted therapies and race in QNBC patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- RW Hughley
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Christus St. Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, LA
| | - WD Colomb
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Christus St. Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, LA
| | - T Shweta
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Christus St. Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, LA
| | - C Yates
- Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Christus St. Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, LA
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29
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Liakoni E, Yates C, Dines AM, Dargan PI, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Wood DM, Eyer F, Liechti ME. Acute recreational drug toxicity: Comparison of self-reports and results of immunoassay and additional analytical methods in a multicenter European case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9784. [PMID: 29384873 PMCID: PMC5805445 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare self-reported and analytically confirmed substance use in cases of acute recreational drug toxicity.We performed a retrospective analysis of emergency department presentations of acute recreational drug toxicity over 2 years (October 2013 to September 2015) within the European Drug Emergencies Network Plus project.Among the 10,956 cases of acute recreational drug toxicity during the study period, 831 could be included. Between the self-reported substance use and the toxicological results, the highest agreement was found for heroin (86.1%) and cocaine (74.1%), whereas inhalants, poppers, and magic mushrooms were self-reported but not analytically detected. Cathinones and other new psychoactive substances (NPS) could be detected using additional analytical methods. Among cases with both immunoassay (IA) and confirmation with mass spectrometry (MS), the results were consistent for methadone (100%) and cocaine (95.5%) and less consistent for amphetamines (81.8%). In cases with a positive IA for amphetamines (n = 54), MS confirmed the presence of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine, methamphetamine, and NPS in 37, 20, 10, and 6 cases, respectively, also revealing use of more than 1 substance in some cases. MS yielded positive results in 21 cases with a negative IA for amphetamines, including amphetamine, MDMA, methamphetamine, and NPS, in 14, 7, 2, and 2 cases, respectively.In conclusion, the highest agreement was found between self-reports and analytical findings for heroin and cocaine. The diagnosis of NPS use was mainly based on self-report. The IAs accurately identified methadone and cocaine, and MS had advantages for the detection of NPS and amphetamine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Liakoni
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern
| | - Christopher Yates
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Emergency Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Alison M. Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners
| | - Paul I. Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - David M. Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King's Health Partners
- Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Florian Eyer
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias E. Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Basel University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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30
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Fazio Coles T, Clarke J, Lockett T, Marion K, Yates C, Colman P, Macrae F. Glycaemic response to butyrylated high amylose maize starch. Journal of Nutrition & Intermediary Metabolism 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2017.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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31
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Flynn A, Dwight T, Benn D, Deb S, Colebatch AJ, Fox S, Harris J, Duncan EL, Robinson B, Hogg A, Ellul J, To H, Duong C, Miller JA, Yates C, James P, Trainer A, Gill AJ, Clifton-Bligh R, Hicks RJ, Tothill RW. Cousins not twins: intratumoural and intertumoural heterogeneity in syndromic neuroendocrine tumours. J Pathol 2017; 242:273-283. [PMID: 28369925 DOI: 10.1002/path.4900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary endocrine neoplasias, including phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma and medullary thyroid cancer, are caused by autosomal dominant mutations in several familial cancer genes. A common feature of these diseases is the presentation of multiple primary tumours, or multifocal disease representing independent tumour clones that have arisen from the same initiating genetic lesion, but have undergone independent clonal evolution. Such tumours provide an opportunity to discover common cooperative changes required for tumourigenesis, while controlling for the genetic background of the individual. We performed genomic analysis of synchronous and metachronous tumours from five patients bearing germline mutations in the genes SDHB, RET, and MAX. Using whole exome sequencing and high-density single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays, we analysed two to four primary tumours from each patient. We also applied multi-region sampling, to assess intratumoural heterogeneity and clonal evolution, in two cases involving paraganglioma and medullary thyroid cancer, respectively. Heterogeneous patterns of genomic change existed between synchronous or metachronous tumours, with evidence of branching evolution. We observed striking examples of evolutionary convergence involving the same rare somatic copy-number events in synchronous primary phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Convergent events also occurred during clonal evolution of metastatic medullary thyroid cancer. These observations suggest that genetic or epigenetic changes acquired early within precursor cells, or pre-existing within the genetic background of the individual, create contingencies that determine the evolutionary trajectory of the tumour. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan Flynn
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Trisha Dwight
- Cancer Genetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana Benn
- Cancer Genetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Deb
- Anatomical Pathology, Anatpath, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Colebatch
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Fox
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Harris
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma L Duncan
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce Robinson
- Cancer Genetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Annette Hogg
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jason Ellul
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Henry To
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cuong Duong
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie A Miller
- Department of Surgery, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Surgery, Epworth Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher Yates
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Western Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul James
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Trainer
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Cancer Genetics, Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard W Tothill
- The Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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32
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Barceló B, Pichini S, López-Corominas V, Gomila I, Yates C, Busardò FP, Pellegrini M. Acute intoxication caused by synthetic cannabinoids 5F-ADB and MMB-2201: A case series. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 273:e10-e14. [PMID: 28190538 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids are relatively new substances of abuse. Recently, abuse of synthetic cannabinoids has been increasingly reported in the lay press and medical literature. When new compounds are introduced, their use is initially not restricted by prohibition therefore their consumption cannot be verified by standard drug tests. The use of these compounds among adolescents and young adults is constantly growing, making it important for emergency services to be familiar with the signs and symptoms of intoxication present. Overdose and chronic use of these substances can cause adverse effects including altered mental status, tachycardia, and loss of consciousness. Here, we report five cases of acute intoxication by synthetic cannabinoids 5F-ADB and MMB-2201 with analytical confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardino Barceló
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Simona Pichini
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Victoria López-Corominas
- Division of Emergency, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Isabel Gomila
- Clinical Toxicology Unit, Clinical Analysis Department, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Medicine Department, Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IdISPa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Pellegrini
- National Centre on Addiction and Doping, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Vallersnes OM, Dines AM, Wood DM, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Dargan PI. Erratum to: Psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity: a European case series. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:405. [PMID: 27852244 PMCID: PMC5112744 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Odd Martin Vallersnes
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alison M. Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
| | - David M. Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK ,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Paul I. Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK ,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Vallersnes OM, Dines AM, Wood DM, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Dargan PI. Psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity: a European case series. BMC Psychiatry 2016; 16:293. [PMID: 27538886 PMCID: PMC4990880 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosis can be associated with acute recreational drug and novel psychoactive substance (NPS) toxicity. However, there is limited data available on how common this is and which drugs are most frequently implicated. We describe a European case series of psychosis associated with acute recreational drug toxicity, and estimate the frequency of psychosis for different recreational drugs. METHODS The European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN) collects data on presentations to Emergency Departments (EDs) with acute recreational drug and NPS toxicity at 16 centres in ten countries. Euro-DEN data from October 2013 through September 2014 was retrospectively searched, and cases with psychosis were included. The proportion of cases with psychosis per drug was calculated in the searched Euro-DEN dataset. RESULTS Psychosis was present in 348 (6.3 %) of 5529 cases. The median (interquartile range) age was 29 (24-38) years, 276 (79.3 %) were male and 114 (32.8 %) were admitted to psychiatric ward. The drugs most commonly reported were cannabis in 90 (25.9 %) cases, amphetamine in 87 (25.0 %) and cocaine in 56 (16.1 %). More than one drug was taken in 189 (54.3 %) cases. Psychosis was frequent in those ED presentations involving tryptamines (4/7; 57.1 %), methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) (6/22; 27.3 %), methylphenidate (6/26; 23.1 %), lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) (18/86; 20.9 %), psilocybe mushrooms (3/16; 18.8 %), synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (4/26; 15.4 %) and amphetamine (87/593; 14.7 %), but less common in those involving mephedrone (14/245; 5.7 %), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) (20/461; 4.3 %) and methedrone (3/92; 3.3 %). Amphetamine was the most frequent drug associated with psychosis when only one agent was reported, with psychosis occurring in 32.4 % of these presentations. CONCLUSION The frequency of psychosis in acute recreational drug toxicity varies considerably between drugs, but is a major problem in amphetamine poisoning. In rapidly changing drug markets and patterns of use, the Euro-DEN sentinel network contributes to measuring the scale of drug-related harms in Europe beyond other more established indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odd Martin Vallersnes
- Department of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway. .,Oslo Accident and Emergency Outpatient Clinic, City of Oslo Health Agency, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Alison M. Dines
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK
| | - David M. Wood
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK ,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fridtjof Heyerdahl
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isabelle Giraudon
- European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Paul I. Dargan
- Clinical Toxicology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust and King’s Health Partners, London, UK ,Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
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Darain H, Alkitani A, Yates C, Bailey A, Roberts S, Coutts F, Gleeson N. Antecedent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery and optimal duration of supervised physiotherapy. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2016; 28:877-82. [PMID: 25547235 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-140581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A 22-year-old patient undergoing unilateral surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the right knee volunteered for the research project and followed an established contemporary hospital-based rehabilitation programme. The patient was supervised post-surgically by an experienced and clinically specialized physiotherapist. The clinical outcomes of rehabilitation were assessed by selected validated patient-reported and objectively-measured outcomes of functional performance capability on four different occasions (pre-surgery, 6th, 12th and 24th week post-surgery). The patient scored 30, 56, 60 and 85 on IKDC (maximum score, 100); 46, 53, 90 and 91 on Lysholm (maximum score, 100); 141, 73, 128 and 175 on K-SES (maximum score, 220); 17, 12, 6 and 6 on the symptom subsection of KOOS (maximum score, 28); 7, 7, 5 and 5 on the pain subsection (maximum score, 36); 1, 0, 3 and 1 on the daily function subsection (maximum score, 68); 0, 0, 5 and 5 on the sport and recreation function subsection (maximum score, 20); 13, 11, 15 and 13 on the quality of life subsection (maximum score, 16) of KOOS at pre-surgery and at the 6th, 12th and 24th week following ACL reconstruction, respectively. Moreover, the patient scored 1.96 m, 1.92 m and 1.99 m on single-leg hop (injured leg) when assessed at pre-surgery and at the 12th and 24th week post-surgery, respectively, following ACL reconstruction. The total time spent in supervised rehabilitation by the patient (675 minutes) was computed as the aggregate patient-reported time spent in exercise during each hospital-based rehabilitation session (verified by physiotherapist evaluation) across the total number of sessions. The patient managed to return to the sport in which he had participated prior to the injury, immediately after the completion of the contemporary rehabilitation programme, at 24 weeks post-surgery. A total of fifteen physiotherapy sessions supervised by the physiotherapist, were attended by the patient during the 24 week rehabilitation period. The latter number of physiotherapy sessions was substantially less than the average supervised physiotherapy sessions reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Darain
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK.,Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Andrea Bailey
- National Centre for Sports Injury Surgery, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire, UK
| | - Simon Roberts
- National Centre for Sports Injury Surgery, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire, UK
| | - Fiona Coutts
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nigel Gleeson
- School of Health Sciences, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, UK
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Quesada L, Gomila I, Yates C, Barcelo C, Puiguriguer J, Barcelo B. Elimination half-life of alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone in an acute non-fatal intoxication. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016; 54:531-2. [PMID: 27035402 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1166509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ferguson AC, Yates C. Federal Enactment of Healthy Homes Legislation in the United States to Improve Public Health. Front Public Health 2016; 4:48. [PMID: 27047913 PMCID: PMC4805581 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Not all homes across America are “healthy” homes. This contributes to the poor health of Americans and exacerbates existing health conditions costing millions each year in health-care cost. Newer research is being conducted into strategies to alleviate biological, chemical, and physical hazards in the home, and various programs exist to assist the homeowner in making improvements in the quality of their home. Not every homeowner or renter nationwide or within community localities has access to these strategies or programs that could potentially improve their home environment and therefore the health of their family. The objective of this article is to propose elements of a policy to address this inconsistency and variation. This proposal centers around the federal enactment of a national policy demanding that each state implements a healthy homes program tailored to fit their specific state housing and health needs. Members of Congress from States that have successfully implemented healthy home programs should champion this policy. Organizations that recognize the impact of housing on health should support the development of a national healthy homes strategy. This article will discuss the need, outcomes, stakeholders, and minimum requirements of such a policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Coralie Ferguson
- Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, AR , USA
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Dean-Colomb W, Tan M, Tang W, Ambs S, Yates C. Abstract P5-08-38: Low lactate dehydrogenase B expression correlates with decreased distant-metastasis free- and recurrence-free survival post-chemotherapy in basal-like breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p5-08-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background:
Metabolism is an important differentiating feature of cancer cells. Lactate dehydrogenases (LDH A/B) are metabolically important proteins involved in the critical inter-conversion of pyruvate to lactate and vice versa. Several reports suggest that LDHB levels are elevated in TNBC, compared to other breast cancer subtypes. However, we recently published that LDHB levels are low in TNBC cell lines and restoring LDHB results in decreased cell proliferation, oxidative phosphorylation, and reversal of EMT. Furthermore, in a small patient cohort, we have shown that although LDHB levels are higher in TNBC patients compared to non-TNBC patients, LDHB levels where consistently lower when compared to LDHA levels. Thus, we set out to determine if either "Hi" or "Low" LDHA and LDHB levels effect patient survival.
Methods:
Utilizing the publically available datasets contained within kmplot,which contains gene expression data and relapse free and overall survivall, we determined mean levels of LDHA and LDHB in breast cancer patients. To analyze the prognostic value, patient samples were split into two groups based upon expression above the mean (considered high expressors, "Hi") or below the mean (considered low expressors, "Low"). The two patient cohorts were compared by a Kaplan-Meier survival plot, and the hazard ratio with 95% confidence intervals and logrank P value calculated. Groups were further stratified based upon LDH levels prior to- and post-chemotherapy.
Results:
We found that in patients with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer, there were no significant changes in either LDHA (p=0.1) or LDHB (p=0.21) on distant metastasis-free (DMFS) or recurrence–free (RFS) survival. However, in the basal subtype (i.e. patients with ER negative and PR negative breast cancer), low levels of LDHB was significantly associated with poorer DMFS (p=0.025) (n=240) prior to chemotherapy and both DMSF (p=0.048) (n=176) and RFS (p=0.0082) (n=388) post-chemotherapy. Examining the mean expression values for each of these patient populations, we did not observe any significant changes in DMSF or RFS pre or post-chemotherapy, suggesting an intrinsic feature of basal-like patients with low LDHB expression to have a more aggressive phenotype. Interestingly, we did observe significance in RFS (n=581, p=0.0043) in patient with "Hi" LDHA expression pre-chemotherapy, however there was no significant associations of LDHA with RFS (p=0.19) (n=388) or DMSF (n=176, p=0.75) post-chemotherapy.
Conclusion:
These findings, coupled with our cell line data, showing overexpressing LDHB in TNBC cell lines results in decreased proliferation with increased mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, suggests that lower levels of LDHB expression is indeed associated with an aggressive breast cancer phenotype that undergoes EMT and the Warburg effect. This could contribute to the lack of pathological response after chemotherapy and thus increased risk for later metastasis. Additionally, given the very large number of patients examined within these independent datasets, these findings further suggest that low LDHB expression is a robust prognostic biomarker of clinical outcome in patients with a basal-like phenotype.
Citation Format: Dean-Colomb W, Tan M, Tang W, Ambs S, Yates C. Low lactate dehydrogenase B expression correlates with decreased distant-metastasis free- and recurrence-free survival post-chemotherapy in basal-like breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-38.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dean-Colomb
- University Hospital and Clinics, Lafayette, LA; Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL; National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - M Tan
- University Hospital and Clinics, Lafayette, LA; Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL; National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - W Tang
- University Hospital and Clinics, Lafayette, LA; Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL; National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - S Ambs
- University Hospital and Clinics, Lafayette, LA; Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL; National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - C Yates
- University Hospital and Clinics, Lafayette, LA; Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL; Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL; National Cancer Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD
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Ferguson A, Yates C, Tilford JM. Value-based insurance designs in the treatment of mental health disorders. Am J Manag Care 2016; 22:e38-e44. [PMID: 26799203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the feasibility of applying value-based insurance designs (V-BIDs) to the treatment of mental health disorders and address any additional challenges posed. STUDY DESIGN Literature review. METHODS This study consisted of 3 steps. First, we reviewed the historical literature on V-BIDs and challenges revealed by various programs. Second, we reviewed the literature on the cost, scope, and various treatment options for mental health disorders. Third, we analyzed potential challenges in applying V-BIDs to mental health disorders. RESULTS Many challenges exist in applying V-BID to the management and treatment of physical and mental health disorders, such as getting buy-in from insurance companies and from large employers, and adherence issues for those with diminished capabilities to comprehend program benefits and those lacking family support. Additional challenges specific to mental health disorders include: a) privacy (ie, sensitivity issues) in implementing the program in certain settings; and b) sociodemographic variables, along with perceptions of mental disorder severity and need that currently affect the take-up of mental health services. CONCLUSIONS Research projects focused on applying V-BID to mental health disorders that address these challenges and demonstrate cost savings will be needed (ie, comparative effectiveness research studies), along with additional information on changes in disability-adjusted life-years, and on-demand responses across different mental health services, populations, and care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesia Ferguson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham, Slot 820, Little Rock, AR 72207. E-mail:
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Dines AM, Wood DM, Yates C, Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Sedefov R, Dargan PI. Acute recreational drug and new psychoactive substance toxicity in Europe: 12 months data collection from the European Drug Emergencies Network (Euro-DEN). Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2015; 53:893-900. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1088157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Quesada L, Gomila I, Fe A, Servera MA, Yates C, Morell-Garcia D, Castanyer B, Barceló B. Fenofibric Acid Can Cause False-Positive Urine Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Immunoassay Results. J Anal Toxicol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jat/bkv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren M Roberts
- Burns, Trauma and Critical Care Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, and Drug Health Clinical Services, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia Division of Medical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical Toxicology Service, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique, Hôpital Lariboisière, INSERM U1144, Université Paris-Diderot, Paris, France Emergency Medicine Department/Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Verdun Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Heyerdahl F, Hovda KE, Giraudon I, Yates C, Dines AM, Sedefov R, Wood DM, Dargan PI. Current European data collection on emergency department presentations with acute recreational drug toxicity: Gaps and national variations. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2014; 52:1005-12. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.976792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ghannoum M, Yates C, Galvao TF, Sowinski KM, Vo THV, Coogan A, Gosselin S, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, Hoffman RS. Extracorporeal treatment for carbamazepine poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP workgroup. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2014; 52:993-1004. [PMID: 25355482 PMCID: PMC4782683 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.973572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context. The Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup was created to provide evidence and consensus-based recommendations on the use of extracorporeal treatments (ECTRs) in poisoning. Objectives. To perform a systematic review and provide clinical recommendations for ECTR in carbamazepine poisoning. Methods. After a systematic literature search, the subgroup extracted the data and summarized the findings following a pre-determined format. The entire workgroup voted via a two-round modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on voting statements, using a RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to quantify disagreement. Anonymous votes were compiled, returned, and discussed in person. A second vote determined the final recommendations. Results. Seventy-four articles met inclusion criteria. Articles included case reports, case series, descriptive cohorts, pharmacokinetic studies, and in-vitro studies; two poor-quality observational studies were identified, yielding a very low quality of evidence for all recommendations. Data on 173 patients, including 6 fatalities, were reviewed. The workgroup concluded that carbamazepine is moderately dialyzable and made the following recommendations: ECTR is suggested in severe carbamazepine poisoning (2D). ECTR is recommended if multiple seizures occur and are refractory to treatment (1D), or if life-threatening dysrhythmias occur (1D). ECTR is suggested if prolonged coma or respiratory depression requiring mechanical ventilation are present (2D) or if significant toxicity persists, particularly when carbamazepine concentrations rise or remain elevated, despite using multiple-dose activated charcoal (MDAC) and supportive measures (2D). ECTR should be continued until clinical improvement is apparent (1D) or the serum carbamazepine concentration is below 10 mg/L (42 the μ in μmol/L looks weird.) (2D). Intermittent hemodialysis is the preferred ECTR (1D), but both intermittent hemoperfusion (1D) or continuous renal replacement therapies (3D) are alternatives if hemodialysis is not available. MDAC therapy should be continued during ECTR (1D). Conclusion. Despite the low quality of the available clinical evidence and the high protein binding capacity of carbamazepine, the workgroup suggested extracorporeal removal in cases of severe carbamazepine poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Ghannoum
- Division of Nephrology, Verdun Hospital, University of Montreal , Montreal, QC , Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Kangaroo care (KC) has possible benefits for promoting physiological stability and positive developmental outcomes in preterm infants. The purpose of this study was to compare bradycardia and oxygen desaturation events in preterm infants in standard incubator care versus KC. METHODS Thirty-eight infants 27 to 30 weeks gestational age were randomly assigned to 2 hours of KC daily between days of life 5 to 10 or to standard incubator care. Infants were monitored for bradycardia (heart rate <80) or oxygen desaturation (<80%). Analysis of hourly events was based on three sets of data: standard care group 24 hours daily, KC group during incubator time 22 hours daily, and KC group during holding time 2 hours daily. RESULTS The KC group had fewer bradycardia events per hour while being held compared to time spent in an incubator (p = 0.048). The KC group also had significantly fewer oxygen desaturation events while being held than while in the incubator (p = 0.017) and significantly fewer desaturation events than infants in standard care (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION KC reduces bradycardia and oxygen desaturation events in preterm infants, providing physiological stability and possible benefits for neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Mitchell
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), AR, USA
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Lavergne V, Ouellet G, Bouchard J, Galvao T, Kielstein JT, Roberts DM, Kanji S, Mowry JB, Calello DP, Hoffman RS, Gosselin S, Nolin TD, Goldfarb DS, Burdmann EA, Dargan PI, Decker BS, Hoegberg LC, Maclaren R, Megarbane B, Sowinski KM, Yates C, Mactier R, Wiegand T, Ghannoum M. Guidelines for reporting case studies on extracorporeal treatments in poisonings: methodology. Semin Dial 2014; 27:407-14. [PMID: 24890576 PMCID: PMC4282789 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A literature review performed by the EXtracorporeal TReatments In Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup highlighted deficiencies in the existing literature, especially the reporting of case studies. Although general reporting guidelines exist for case studies, there are none in the specific field of extracorporeal treatments in toxicology. Our goal was to construct and propose a checklist that systematically outlines the minimum essential items to be reported in a case study of poisoned patients undergoing extracorporeal treatments. Through a modified two-round Delphi technique, panelists (mostly chosen from the EXTRIP workgroup) were asked to vote on the pertinence of a set of items to identify those considered minimally essential for reporting complete and accurate case reports. Furthermore, independent raters validated the clarity of each selected items between each round of voting. All case reports containing data on extracorporeal treatments in poisoning published in Medline in 2011 were reviewed during the external validation rounds. Twenty-one panelists (20 from the EXTRIP workgroup and an invited expert on pharmacology reporting guidelines) participated in the modified Delphi technique. This group included journal editors and experts in nephrology, clinical toxicology, critical care medicine, emergency medicine, and clinical pharmacology. Three independent raters participated in the validation rounds. Panelists voted on a total of 144 items in the first round and 137 items in the second round, with response rates of 96.3% and 98.3%, respectively. Twenty case reports were evaluated at each validation round and the independent raters' response rate was 99.6% and 98.8% per validation round. The final checklist consists of 114 items considered essential for case study reporting. This methodology of alternate voting and external validation rounds was useful in developing the first reporting guideline for case studies in the field of extracorporeal treatments in poisoning. We believe that this guideline will improve the completeness and transparency of published case reports and that the systematic aggregation of information from case reports may provide early signals of effectiveness and/or harm, thereby improving healthcare decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valéry Lavergne
- Department of Medical Biology, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Yates C, Galvao T, Sowinski KM, Mardini K, Botnaru T, Gosselin S, Hoffman RS, Nolin TD, Lavergne V, Ghannoum M. Extracorporeal treatment for tricyclic antidepressant poisoning: recommendations from the EXTRIP Workgroup. Semin Dial 2014; 27:381-9. [PMID: 24712820 PMCID: PMC4282541 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Extracorporeal Treatments In Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup was formed to provide recommendations on the use of extracorporeal treatments (ECTR) in poisoning. Here, the workgroup presents its results for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). After an extensive literature search, using a predefined methodology, the subgroup responsible for this poison reviewed the articles, extracted the data, summarized findings, and proposed structured voting statements following a predetermined format. A two-round modified Delphi method was chosen to reach a consensus on voting statements and RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method to quantify disagreement. Blinded votes were compiled, returned, and discussed in person at a meeting. A second vote determined the final recommendations. Seventy-seven articles met inclusion criteria. Only case reports, case series, and one poor-quality observational study were identified yielding a very low quality of evidence for all recommendations. Data on 108 patients, including 12 fatalities, were abstracted. The workgroup concluded that TCAs are not dialyzable and made the following recommendation: ECTR is not recommended in severe TCA poisoning (1D). The workgroup considers that poisoned patients with TCAs are not likely to have a clinical benefit from extracorporeal removal and recommends it NOT to be used in TCA poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Yates
- Emergency Department and Clinical Toxicology Unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Mallorca, Spain
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Box C, Yates C, Chimen M, Harrison M, Nash G, Watson S, Rainger G. The formation of monocyte-platelet aggregates in stirred whole blood in response to different platelet agonists. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Crusz S, Yates C, Holden S, Kearns A, Boswell T. Prolonged outbreak of Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection traced to a healthcare worker with psoriasis. J Hosp Infect 2014; 86:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gleeson N, Eston R, Minshull C, Bailey A, Al Kitani AH, Darain H, Yates C, Rees D. Effects of antecedent flexibility conditioning on neuromuscular and sensorimotor performance during exercise-induced muscle damage. J Exerc Sci Fit 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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