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Identification and characterization of CLEC11A and its derived immune signature in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1324959. [PMID: 38348052 PMCID: PMC10859539 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1324959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction C-type lectin domain family 11 member A (CLEC11A) was characterized as a growth factor that mainly regulates hematopoietic function and differentiation of bone cells. However, the involvement of CLEC11A in gastric cancer (GC) is not well understood. Methods Transcriptomic data and clinical information pertaining to GC were obtained and analyzed from publicly available databases. The relationships between CLEC11A and prognoses, genetic alterations, tumor microenvironment (TME), and therapeutic responses in GC patients were analyzed by bioinformatics methods. A CLEC11A-derived immune signature was developed and validated, and its mutational landscapes, immunological characteristics as well as drug sensitivities were explored. A nomogram was established by combining CLEC11A-derived immune signature and clinical factors. The expression and carcinogenic effects of CLEC11A in GC were verified by qRT-PCR, cell migration, invasion, cell cycle analysis, and in vivo model analysis. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs), M2 macrophages, and T cells in tumor samples extracted from mice were analyzed utilizing flow cytometry analysis. Results CLEC11A was over-expressed in GC, and the elevated CLEC11A expression indicated an unfavorable prognosis in GC patients. CLEC11A was involved in genomic alterations and associated with the TME in GC. Moreover, elevated CLEC11A was found to reduce the benefit of immunotherapy according to immunophenoscore (IPS) and the tumor immune dysfunction, exclusion (TIDE). After validation, the CLEC11A-derived immune signature demonstrated a consistent ability to predict the survival outcomes in GC patients. A nomogram that quantifies survival probability was constructed to improve the accuracy of prognosis prediction in GC patients. Using shRNA to suppress the expression of CLEC11A led to significant inhibitions of cell cycle progression, migration, and invasion, as well as a marked reduction of in vivo tumor growth. Moreover, the flow cytometry assay showed that the knock-down of CLEC11A increased the infiltration of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and helper CD4+ T into tumors while decreasing the percentage of M2 macrophages, MDSCs, and Tregs. Conclusion Collectively, our findings revealed that CLEC11A could be a prognostic and immunological biomarker in GC, and CLEC11A-derived immune signature might serve as a new option for clinicians to predict outcomes and formulate personalized treatment plans for GC patients.
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Osteolectin Promotes Odontoblastic Differentiation in Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2023; 49:1660-1667. [PMID: 37774945 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteolectin is a secreted glycoprotein of the C-type lectin domain superfamily, expressed in bone tissues and is reported as a novel osteogenic factor that promotes bone regeneration. However, the effect of osteolectin on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) has not been reported. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the odontoblastic differentiation of osteolectin in hDPCs and further attempt to reveal its underlying mechanism. METHODS Cytotoxicity assays were used to detect the cytotoxicity of osteolectin. The odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs and its underlying mechanisms were measured by the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralized spots formation, and the gene and protein expression of odontoblastic differentiation through ALP staining, Alizarin red S staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis, respectively. RESULTS WST-1 assay showed osteolectin at concentrations below 300 ng/ml was noncytotoxic and safe for hDPCs. The following experiment demonstrated that osteolectin could increase ALP activity, accelerate the mineralization process, and up-regulate the odontogenic differentiation markers in both gene and protein levels (P < .05). Osteolectin stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK, and Protein kinase B (AKT) in hDPCs. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and AKT inhibitors decreased ALP activity and mineralization capacity and suppressed the expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1. CONCLUSION Osteolectin can promote odontoblastic differentiation of hDPCs, and the whole process may stimulate ERK, JNK, and AKT signaling pathways by increasing p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-AKT signals.
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Assessing causal relationship between circulating cytokines and age-related neurodegenerative diseases: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12325. [PMID: 37516812 PMCID: PMC10387057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that circulating cytokines (CCs) are linked to age-related neurodegenerative diseases (ANDDs); however, there is a lack of systematic investigation for the causal association. A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomisation (MR) method was utilized to evaluate the causal effect. We applied genetic variants correlated with concentrations of CCs from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis (n = 8293) as instrumental variables. Summary data of three major ANDDs [Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)] were identified from the IEU OpenGWAS platform (n = 627, 266). Inverse-variance weighted method is the main approach to analyse causal effect, and MR results are verified by several sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. In directional MR, it suggested that several CCs were nominally correlated with the risk of ANDDs, with a causal odds ratio (OR) of Interleukin (IL)-5 of 0.909 for AD; OR of IL-2 of 1.169 for PD; and OR of Beta nerve growth factor of 1.142 for ALS). In reverse MR, there were some suggestively causal effects of ANDDs on CCs (AD on increased Basic fibroblast growth factor and IL-12 and decreased Stem cell growth factor beta; PD on decreased Monokine induced by interferon-gamma; ALS on decreased Basic fibroblast growth factor and IL-17). The findings were stable across sensitivity and pleiotropy analyses. However, after Bonferroni correction, there is no statistically significant association between CCs and ANDDs. Through the genetic epidemiological approach, our study assessed the role and presented possible causal associations between CCs and ANDDs. Further studies are warranted to verify the causal associations.
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Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in COVID-19 convalescent donors. J Transl Med 2022; 20:587. [PMID: 36510222 PMCID: PMC9742656 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV2 can induce a strong host immune response. Many studies have evaluated antibody response following SARS-CoV2 infections. This study investigated the immune response and T cell receptor diversity in people who had recovered from SARS-CoV2 infection (COVID-19). METHODS Using the nCounter platform, we compared transcriptomic profiles of 162 COVID-19 convalescent donors (CCD) and 40 healthy donors (HD). 69 of the 162 CCDs had two or more time points sampled. RESULTS After eliminating the effects of demographic factors, we found extensive differential gene expression up to 241 days into the convalescent period. The differentially expressed genes were involved in several pathways, including virus-host interaction, interleukin and JAK-STAT signaling, T-cell co-stimulation, and immune exhaustion. A subset of 21 CCD samples was found to be highly "perturbed," characterized by overexpression of PLAU, IL1B, NFKB1, PLEK, LCP2, IRF3, MTOR, IL18BP, RACK1, TGFB1, and others. In addition, one of the clusters, P1 (n = 8) CCD samples, showed enhanced TCR diversity in 7 VJ pairs (TRAV9.1_TCRVA_014.1, TRBV6.8_TCRVB_016.1, TRAV7_TCRVA_008.1, TRGV9_ENST00000444775.1, TRAV18_TCRVA_026.1, TRGV4_ENST00000390345.1, TRAV11_TCRVA_017.1). Multiplexed cytokine analysis revealed anomalies in SCF, SCGF-b, and MCP-1 expression in this subset. CONCLUSIONS Persistent alterations in inflammatory pathways and T-cell activation/exhaustion markers for months after active infection may help shed light on the pathophysiology of a prolonged post-viral syndrome observed following recovery from COVID-19 infection. Future studies may inform the ability to identify druggable targets involving these pathways to mitigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection. TRIAL REGISTRATION https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04360278 Registered April 24, 2020.
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Self-referential immune recognition through C-type lectin receptors. Adv Immunol 2022; 156:1-23. [PMID: 36410872 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The term "lectin" is derived from the Latin word lego- (aggregate) (Boyd & Shapleigh, 1954). Indeed, lectins' folds can flexibly alter their pocket structures just like Lego blocks, which enables them to grab a wide-variety of substances. Thus, this useful fold is well-conserved among various organisms. Through evolution, prototypic soluble lectins acquired transmembrane regions and signaling motifs to become C-type lectin receptors (CLRs). While CLRs seem to possess certain intrinsic affinity to self, some CLRs adapted to efficiently recognize glycoconjugates present in pathogens as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and altered self. CLRs further extended their diversity to recognize non-glycosylated targets including pathogens and self-derived molecules. Thus, CLRs seem to have developed to monitor the internal/external stresses to maintain homeostasis by sensing various "unfamiliar" targets. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in our understanding of CLRs, their ligands and functions and discuss future perspectives.
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Single-cell multi-omics of human clonal hematopoiesis reveals that DNMT3A R882 mutations perturb early progenitor states through selective hypomethylation. Nat Genet 2022; 54:1514-1526. [PMID: 36138229 PMCID: PMC10068894 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01179-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Somatic mutations in cancer genes have been detected in clonal expansions across healthy human tissue, including in clonal hematopoiesis. However, because mutated and wild-type cells are admixed, we have limited ability to link genotypes with phenotypes. To overcome this limitation, we leveraged multi-modality single-cell sequencing, capturing genotype, transcriptomes and methylomes in progenitors from individuals with DNMT3A R882 mutated clonal hematopoiesis. DNMT3A mutations result in myeloid over lymphoid bias, and an expansion of immature myeloid progenitors primed toward megakaryocytic-erythroid fate, with dysregulated expression of lineage and leukemia stem cell markers. Mutated DNMT3A leads to preferential hypomethylation of polycomb repressive complex 2 targets and a specific CpG flanking motif. Notably, the hypomethylation motif is enriched in binding motifs of key hematopoietic transcription factors, serving as a potential mechanistic link between DNMT3A mutations and aberrant transcriptional phenotypes. Thus, single-cell multi-omics paves the road to defining the downstream consequences of mutations that drive clonal mosaicism.
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Injection of adipose stem cells in the treatment of rotator cuff disease - a narrative review of current evidence. Regen Med 2022; 17:477-489. [PMID: 35586993 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2021-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to summarize evidence for the use of adipose stem cell (ASC) injections in the treatment of rotator cuff tears (RCT) and identify future areas of study. A thorough literature search was performed to identify studies investigating the use of ASC injections in the treatment of RCTs. Among animal trials, it is unclear whether ASCs are of benefit for rotator cuff repair. In clinical trials, ASC injection may reduce retear rate with otherwise equivocal clinical outcomes. Although ASC injection may be safe, the literature does not provide a clear consensus as to the efficacy of ASC injections, nor does it delineate which patients would benefit most from this treatment.
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The Expression of Cytokine Profiles and Related Receptors in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:852055. [PMID: 35517781 PMCID: PMC9065407 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.852055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cytokines play a vital role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). Here, we investigated the expression of serum cytokine profiles in untreated IIMs and their correlations with clinical indicators, and further studied the expression of related cytokines receptors in IIMs. Methods: The Human 48-Plex Luminex assay for cytokines was performed in the serum of IIMs, including 93 untreated and 18 follow-up (39 samples) patients, and 32 healthy controls (HC). Mann-Whitney U test with bonferroni adjusted was used to identify the differentially expressed cytokines among groups. Celltalker software was used to identify the receptors of differentially expressed cytokines. The expression of receptors was further validated by published GEO datasets (muscle, blood and skin), RT-qPCR, western blot and flow cytometry. Results: The serum levels of Eotaxin, IL7, IL18, IP10, MCP1, MCSF, MIG and SCGFβ were elevated in the 93 untreated patients. Except for IL7, all other cytokines were decreased after treatment and their levels were positively correlated with clinical indices such as LDH, ESR, CRP, ALT, IgA, AST and IgG while negatively correlated with albumin and MMT8. According to the serum myositis-specific antibodies (MSAs), patients were classified into three groups: anti-ARS (Jo-1, OJ, EJ, PL7, PL12), anti-MDA5 positive, and anti-TIF1γ positive. Compared with HC, the levels of IP10 and MIG were increased in three groups. Moreover, IL18 and MSCF were increased in anti-ARS patients, and CTACK, Eotaxin, IL1Rα, IL7, IL18, MCP1, MCP3, MCSF and SCGFβ were elevated in anti-MDA5 patients. Twenty receptors of the 8 differentially expressed cytokines were matched by celltalker software, among them, IL18R1 and CCR1 were up-regulated in blood, muscle and skin of IIMs from the analysis of GEO published datasets. RT-qPCR and western blot further validated IL18R1 was upregulated in the muscle tissues of dermatomyositis. The number of IL18R1+CD4+ cells was increased while IL18R1+CD8+ cells was decreased in peripheral blood of anti-MDA5 patients. Conclusion: This study showed that cytokine profiles were significantly changed in IIMs, and different MSA groups had unique cytokine expression patterns. The levels of some cytokine were correlated with clinical indices. The IL18 receptor IL18R1 might play important roles in IIMs.
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High Expression of CLEC11A Predicts Favorable Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:608932. [PMID: 33747924 PMCID: PMC7966831 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.608932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease of the hematopoietic system, for which identification of novel molecular markers is potentially important for clinical prognosis and is an urgent need for treatment optimization. Methods We selected C-type lectin domain family 11, member A (CLEC11A) for study via several public databases, comparing expression among a variety of tumors and normal samples as well as different organs and tissues. To investigated the relationship between CLEC11A expression and clinical characteristics, we derived an AML cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA); we also investigated the Bloodspot and HemaExplorer databases. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to evaluate the associations between CLEC11A mRNA expression, as well as DNA methylation, and overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS). DNA methylation levels of CLEC11A from our own 28 de novo AML patients were assessed and related to chemotherapeutic outcomes. Bioinformatics analysis of CLEC11A was carried out using public databases. Results Multiple public databases revealed that CLEC11A expression was higher in leukemia. The TCGA data revealed that high CLEC11A expression was linked with favorable prognosis (OS p-value = 2e-04; EFS p-value = 6e-04), which was validated in GSE6891 (OS p-value = 0; EFS p-value = 0; RFS p-value = 2e-03). Methylation of CLEC11A was negatively associated with CLEC11A expression, and high CLEC11A methylation level group was linked to poorer prognosis (OS p-value = 1e-02; EFS p-value = 2e-02). Meanwhile, CLEC11A hypermethylation was associated with poor induction remission rate and dismal survival. Bioinformatic analysis also showed that CLEC11A was an up-regulated gene in leukemogenesis. Conclusion CLEC11A may be used as a prognostic biomarker, and could do benefit for AML patients by providing precise treatment indications, and its unique gene pattern should aid in further understanding the heterogeneous AML mechanisms.
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Novel Potential Biomarker of Adult Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:587204. [PMID: 33240107 PMCID: PMC7683426 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in about 30% of patients with cardiac surgery, but the pathogenesis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) remains unclear and there are no predictive biomarkers or diagnostic criteria specific for CSA-AKI beyond the general clinical variables for AKI like serum creatinine (SCr). Methods and Results We measured the plasma levels of 48 cytokines within 24 h after cardiac surgery in a total of 306 adult patients including 204 with and 102 without AKI, and then evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of these cytokines for the development of CSA-AKI via ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Among these 48 cytokines, 20 of them were significantly different in the AKI patients compared with the non-AKI patients. In particularly, 13 cytokines displayed tremendous changes with the P < 1E–5. Moreover, 10 of the 48 cytokines in the plasma were significantly different among the patients with different stages of AKI. Specifically, 6 cytokines exhibited immense differences with the P < 1E–5. Additionally, 7 of the 48 cytokines have the correlation coefficient of r > 0.5 with the postoperative changes of SCr after cardiac surgery. Conclusion Taken all the results together, IFN-γ and SCGF-β were the most relevant two cytokines that were not only remarkably changed in adult CSA-AKI patients during the first 24 h after cardiac surgery, but also significantly correlated with the postoperative changes of SCr after cardiac surgery. Therefore, IFN-γ and SCGF-β might be novel predictive plasma biomarker, as well as potential therapeutic targets specific for adult CSA-AKI.
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Influence of platelet storage time on human platelet lysates and platelet lysate-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells for bone tissue engineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:351. [PMID: 32962723 PMCID: PMC7510290 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01863-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human platelet lysate (HPL) is emerging as the preferred xeno-free supplement for the expansion of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications. Due to a growing demand, the need for standardization and scaling-up of HPL has been highlighted. However, the optimal storage time of the source material, i.e., outdated platelet concentrates (PCs), remains to be determined. The present study aimed to determine the optimal storage time of PCs in terms of the cytokine content and biological efficacy of HPL. Methods Donor-matched bone marrow (BMSCs) and adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) expanded in HPL or fetal bovine serum (FBS) were characterized based on in vitro proliferation, immunophenotype, and multi-lineage differentiation. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed at early (gene expression), intermediate [alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity], and terminal stages (mineralization). Using a multiplex immunoassay, the cytokine contents of HPLs produced from PCs stored for 1–9 months were screened and a preliminary threshold of 4 months was identified. Next, HPLs were produced from PCs stored for controlled durations of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 months, and their efficacy was compared in terms of cytokine content and BMSCs’ proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Results BMSCs and ASCs in both HPL and FBS demonstrated a characteristic immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation; osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and ASCs was significantly enhanced in HPL vs. FBS. Multiplex network analysis of HPL revealed several interacting growth factors, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines. Notably, stem cell growth factor (SCGF) was detected in high concentrations. A majority of cytokines were elevated in HPLs produced from PCs stored for ≤ 4 months vs. > 4 months. However, no further differences in PC storage times between 0 and 4 months were identified in terms of HPLs’ cytokine content or their effects on the proliferation, ALP activity, and mineralization of BMSCs from multiple donors. Conclusions MSCs expanded in HPL demonstrate enhanced osteogenic differentiation, albeit with considerable donor variation. HPLs produced from outdated PCs stored for up to 4 months efficiently supported the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. These findings may facilitate the standardization and scaling-up of HPL from outdated PCs for BTE applications.
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Position of macula lutea and presence of proliferative vitreoretinopathy affect vitreous cytokine expression in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234525. [PMID: 32542038 PMCID: PMC7295219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our purpose was to evaluate the concentrations of vitreous cytokines in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). We hypothesized that patients with macula on RRD have lower levels of cytokines compared to patients with macula off RRD and proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Vitreous fluids were collected during 23G pars plana vitrectomy from 58 eyes of 58 patients. Indication for vitrectomy included macula off and macula on RRD, PVR, and idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). A multiplex chemiluminescent immunoassay was performed to measure the concentrations of 48 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Levels of HGF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-16, IFN-gamma, MCP-1, and MIF were significantly higher in all groups of retinal detachment compared to ERM. Levels of CTACK, eotaxin, G-CSF, IP-10, MIG, SCF, SCGF-beta, SDF-1alpha were significantly higher in PVR compared to macula on RRD and ERM. Levels of IL-1ra, IL-5, IL-9, M-CSF, MIP-1alpha, and TRIAL were significantly higher in PVR compared to macula on RRD. Our results indicate that the position of macula lutea and the presence of PVR significantly influence vitreous cytokine expression. The detected proteins may serve as biomarkers to estimate the possibility of PVR formation and may help to invent personalized therapeutic strategies to slow down or prevent PVR.
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Chronic activation of endothelial MAPK disrupts hematopoiesis via NFKB dependent inflammatory stress reversible by SCGF. Nat Commun 2020; 11:666. [PMID: 32015345 PMCID: PMC6997369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14478-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory signals arising from the microenvironment have emerged as critical regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function during diverse processes including embryonic development, infectious diseases, and myelosuppressive injuries caused by irradiation and chemotherapy. However, the contributions of cellular subsets within the microenvironment that elicit niche-driven inflammation remain poorly understood. Here, we identify endothelial cells as a crucial component in driving bone marrow (BM) inflammation and HSC dysfunction observed following myelosuppression. We demonstrate that sustained activation of endothelial MAPK causes NF-κB-dependent inflammatory stress response within the BM, leading to significant HSC dysfunction including loss of engraftment ability and a myeloid-biased output. These phenotypes are resolved upon inhibition of endothelial NF-κB signaling. We identify SCGF as a niche-derived factor that suppresses BM inflammation and enhances hematopoietic recovery following myelosuppression. Our findings demonstrate that chronic endothelial inflammation adversely impacts niche activity and HSC function which is reversible upon suppression of inflammation.
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Molecular structure, expression, and functional role of Clec11a in skeletal biology and cancers. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6357-6365. [PMID: 32003015 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
C-type lectin domain family 11 member A (Clec11a), also known as stem cell growth factor (SCGF), C-type lectin superfamily member 3 (CLECSF3), or osteolectin was initially identified as a growth factor for hematopoietic progenitor cells. The human Clec11a gene encodes a polypeptide of 323 amino acids with characteristics of a secreted glycoprotein encompassing two integrin-binding motifs, RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) and LDT (Leu-Asp-Thr), a putative leucine zipper domain, and a functional C-type lectin domain. It regulates hematopoietic differentiation and homeostasis and exhibits a protective effect against severe malarial anemia and lipotoxicity. Furthermore, Clec11a promotes the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors into mature osteoblasts in vitro and plays an important role in the maintenance of adult skeleton age-related bone loss and fracture repair. Receptor ligand binding results in activation of downstream signaling cascades including glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), β-catenin, and Wnt, resulting in the expression of osteoblast-related gene transcripts including Alp, Runx2, Lef1, and Axin2. In addition, Clec11a is also associated with the development of several cancers, including leukemia, multiple myeloma, and gastrointestinal tract tumors. To date, however, the mechanisms governing transcription regulation of the Clec11a gene are not known and remain to be uncovered. Understanding the function and mechanism of action of Clec11a will pave the way for the development of Clec11a as a novel therapeutic target for conditions such as cancer, anemia, and skeletal diseases.
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Protective effects of Clec11a in islets against lipotoxicity via modulation of proliferation and lipid metabolism in mice. Exp Cell Res 2019; 384:111613. [PMID: 31494095 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.111613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The lipotoxicity is considered as one of the risk for diabetes. Here we report C-type lectin domain family 11, member A (Clec11a) as a new regulator in islet playing a protective role in lipotoxicity induced dysfunction. Islet transcriptome sequencing was performed using the high-fat diet induced obesity (DIO) mice model. We found a significant decrease of Clec11a expression in islets of DIO mice compared to normal control mice, which was further confirmed by real-time PCR. Immunostaining demonstrated the localization of the Clec11a protein in mouse islets. Administration of recombinant human Clec11a (rClec11a) protein promoted the proliferation of islet cells and rescued the inhibition of fatty acid on cell proliferation, which involved the activation of Erk signaling pathway. We also found that the rClec11a altered the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism.
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[Secretion of niche signal molecules in conditions of osteogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells induced by textured calcium phosphate coating]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2019; 65:339-346. [PMID: 31436176 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20196504339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Secretion of 21 cytokines, chemokines and growth factors (LIF, SCF, SDF-1a, SCGF-b, M-CSF, MCP-3, MIF, MIG, TRAIL, GRO-a; IL-1a, IL-2ra, IL-3, IL-12(p40), IL-16, IL-18, HGF, TNF-b, b-NGF, IFN-a2, CTACK) has been studied in vitro in the culture of human adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (hAMMSCs) in conditions of its osteogenic differentiation caused by 14-day contact with calcium phosphate (CP) surface with different roughness. Bilateral X-ray amorphous CP coatings were prepared on the samples of commercially pure titanium in the anodal regime using a micro-arc method. An aqueous solution prepared from 20 wt% phosphoric acid, 6 wt% dissolved hydrohyapatite nanopowder (particle diameter 10-30 nm with single agglomerates up to 100 nm), and 9 wt% dissolved calcium carbonate was used to obtain CP coating. hAMMSCs isolated from lipoaspirate were co-cultured after 4 passages with the CP-coated samples at final concentration of 1.5´105 viable karyocytes per 1.5 mL of standard nutrition medium (without osteogenic stimulators) for 14 days (a determination of [CD45,34,14,20], CD73, CD90 и CD105 cell immunophenotype; an analysis of secretory activity) and 21 days (alizarin red S staining of culture) with medium replacement every 3-4 days. Under conditions of in vitro contact with rough CP coating hAMMSCs differentiated into osteoblasts synthesizing the mineralized bone matrix; this was accompanied by 2-3-fold increasing ratio of [CD45,34,14,20]+ hemopoietic cells. The following humoral factors of hemopoietic niches acted as the signal molecules escalating in vitro the hemopoietic base in 14 days of differentiating three-dimensional culture of hAMMSCs: either leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and stem cell factor (SCF) cytokines under mean index of CP roughness Ra=2.4-2.6 mm or stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1a, CXCL12 chemokine) under Ra=3.1-4.4 mm.
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A novel scoring system for acute myeloid leukemia risk assessment based on the expression levels of six genes. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1495-1507. [PMID: 29956722 PMCID: PMC6089755 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia and is a heterogeneous clonal disorder. At present, the pathogenesis of AML and potential methods to effectively prevent AML have become areas of interest in research. In the present study, two messenger ribonucleic acid sequencing datasets of patients with AML were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the poor and good prognosis groups were screened using the Linear Models for Microarray Data package, and the prognosis-related genes were screened using univariate Cox regression analysis. A total of 206 significant DEGs were identified. Following univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, 14 genes significantly associated with prognosis were screened and six of these genes, including triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREML2), cysteine-glutamate transporter (SLC7A11), NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 2 (NLRP2), DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 protein (DDIT4), lymphocyte‑specific protein 1 (LSP1) and C-type lectin domain family 11 member A (CLEC11A), were used to construct model equations for risk assessment. The prognostic scoring system was used to evaluate risk for each patient, and the results showed that patients in the low-risk group had a longer survival time, compared with those in the high-risk group (P=9.59e-06 for the training dataset and P=0.00543 for the validation dataset). A total of eight main Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were identified, the top three of which were hematopoietic cell lineage, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton. Taken together, the results showed that the scoring system established in the present study was credible and that the six genes were identified, which were significantly associated with the risk assessment of AML, offer potential as prognostic biomarkers. These findings may provide clues for further clarifying the pathogenesis of AML.
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Peritoneal fluid cytokines related to endometriosis in patients evaluated for infertility. Fertil Steril 2017; 107:1191-1199.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Relationship between cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid and 11C-Pittsburgh compound B retention in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17:1907-1913. [PMID: 28261965 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the present study, we examined the relationship between cytokine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 11 C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) retention in patients with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS A total of 33 participants (12 men and 21 women; mean age 76.5 years) with mild cognitive impairment underwent neuropsychological assessments, PiB positron emission tomography and analysis of cytokine levels in the CSF. The CSF levels of 48 cytokines and growth factors were measured using multiplex immunoassays. PiB retention was assessed based on a standardized uptake value ratio. Mild cognitive impairment participants were classified as PiB-positive and PiB-negative, with a cut-off level of 1.4. We compared the CSF cytokine levels and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers, including β-amyloid 1-42, total tau and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181, between the two subgroups, and evaluated the correlation between PiB retention or CSF Alzheimer's disease biomarkers and CSF cytokine levels. RESULTS Cytokine levels in the CSF did not differ between the two subgroups. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β levels in the CSF significantly correlated with PiB retention only in the PiB-positive subgroup, whereas stem cell growth factor-β levels significantly correlated with PiB retention in the PiB-negative subgroup. Furthermore, stem cell growth factor-β levels significantly correlated with total tau and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 levels in only the PiB-negative subgroup. CONCLUSION The present findings suggest that macrophage inflammatory protein-1β and stem cell growth factor-β are associated with chronic inflammatory processes accompanied by amyloid deposition or AD pathophysiology. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1907-1913.
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Clec11a/osteolectin is an osteogenic growth factor that promotes the maintenance of the adult skeleton. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27976999 PMCID: PMC5158134 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stromal cells maintain the adult skeleton by forming osteoblasts throughout life that regenerate bone and repair fractures. We discovered that subsets of these stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and hypertrophic chondrocytes secrete a C-type lectin domain protein, Clec11a, which promotes osteogenesis. Clec11a-deficient mice appeared developmentally normal and had normal hematopoiesis but reduced limb and vertebral bone. Clec11a-deficient mice exhibited accelerated bone loss during aging, reduced bone strength, and delayed fracture healing. Bone marrow stromal cells from Clec11a-deficient mice showed impaired osteogenic differentiation, but normal adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Recombinant Clec11a promoted osteogenesis by stromal cells in culture and increased bone mass in osteoporotic mice in vivo. Recombinant human Clec11a promoted osteogenesis by human bone marrow stromal cells in culture and in vivo. Clec11a thus maintains the adult skeleton by promoting the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitors into mature osteoblasts. In light of this, we propose to call this factor Osteolectin. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18782.001
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Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells in end-stage lung disease patients. BMC Pulm Med 2013; 13:48. [PMID: 23915095 PMCID: PMC3750607 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-13-48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic lung diseases are marked by progressive inflammation, tissue damage and remodelling. Bone marrow-derived progenitor cells may contribute to these processes. The objectives of this study were to (1) to quantify CD45+Collagen-1+ fibrocytes and a novel epithelial-like population of bone marrow-derived cells, which express Clara Cell Secretory Protein, in patients at the time of lung transplant and (2) to evaluate mediators that may act to recruit these cells during injury. Methods Using an observational design, progenitor cells were quantified by flow cytometry from both bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). Migration was tested using in vitro transwell assays. Multiplex bead-based assays were used to quantify plasma cytokines. Results An increase in CD45+Collagen-1+ fibrocytes was found in pulmonary fibrosis and bronchiolitis obliterans patients. Cystic fibrosis patients had an increase in CCSP+ cells in both the BM and PB. The proportion of CCSP+ cells in the BM and PB was correlated. CCSP+ cells express the chemokine receptors CCR2, CCR4, CXCR3, and CXCR4, and significantly migrated in vitro toward Stromal Derived Factor-1 (SDF-1) and Stem Cell Growth Factor-β (SCGF-β). Plasma cytokine levels differed between disease groups, with a significant correlation between SCGF-β and CCSP+ cells and between Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 and fibrocytes. Conclusions Different bone marrow-derived cells are found in various lung diseases. Increased fibrocytes were associated with fibrotic lung diseases. An increase in the novel CCSP+ epithelial-like progenitors in cystic fibrosis patients was found. These differences may be mediated by alterations in plasma cytokines responsible for cell recruitment.
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Prognostic value of circulating levels of stem cell growth factor beta (SCGF beta) in patients with Chagas’ disease and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Cytokine 2013; 61:728-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Proteomic detection of a large amount of SCGFα in the stroma of GISTs after imatinib therapy. J Transl Med 2011; 9:158. [PMID: 21943129 PMCID: PMC3192683 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-9-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors to develop in the digestive tract. These tumors are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapy and only the introduction of imatinib mesylate has improved the prognosis of patients. However, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors are inappropriate for assessing tumor response, and the histological/pathological response to imatinib is variable, heterogeneous, and does not associate with clinical response. The effects of imatinib on responding GISTs are still being explored, and few studies correlate the clinical response with the histological response after pharmacological treatment. Recently, apoptosis and autophagy were suggested as possible alternative mechanisms of pharmacological response. Methods Here, we used a proteomic approach, combined with other analyses, to identify some molecular stromal components related to the response/behavior of resected, high-risk GISTs after neoadiuvant imatinib therapy. Results Our proteomic results indicate an elevated concentration of Stem Cell Growth Factor (SCGF), a hematopoietic growth factor having a role in the development of erythroid and myeloid progenitors, in imatinib-responsive tumor areas. SCGFα expression was detected by mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry and/or western blot and attributed to acellular matrix of areas scored negative for KIT (CD117). RT-PCR results indicated that GIST samples did not express SCGF transcripts. The recently reported demonstration by Gundacker et al. [1] of the secretion of SCGF in mature pro-inflammatory dendritic cells would indicate a potential importance of SCGF in tissue inflammatory response. Accordingly, inflammatory infiltrates were detected in imatinib-affected areas and the CD68-positivity of the SCGF-positive and KIT-negative areas suggested previous infiltration of monocytes/macrophages into these regions. Thus, chronic inflammation subsequent to imatinib treatment may determine monocyte/macrophage recruitment in imatinib-damaged areas; these areas also feature prominent tumor-cell loss that is replaced by dense hyalinization and fibrosis. Conclusions Our studies highlight a possible role of SCGFα in imatinib-induced changes of GIST structure, consistent with a therapeutic response.
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Stem Cell Factor, Interleukin-16, and Interleukin-2 Receptor Alpha are Predictive Biomarkers for Delayed and Slow Graft Function. Transplant Proc 2010; 42:3399-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 06/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Association study between keratinocyte-derived growth factor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to vitiligo vulgaris in a Taiwanese population: potential involvement of stem cell factor. Br J Dermatol 2009; 160:1180-7. [PMID: 19416273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2009.09064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitiligo vulgaris is a depigmentary disorder resulting from the disappearance of functional melanocytes. Currently, the pathogenesis of this disorder remains obscure. OBJECTIVES Genetic analysis of patients with vitilgo may provide important clues for elucidating the complex pathomechanisms involved in the disease process. Because dysfunctional keratinocytes have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo vulgaris, we conducted a case-control association study to investigate this phenomenon. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-one patients with vitiligo vulgaris and 118 healthy controls from Taiwan were recruited to investigate the association between relevant keratinocyte-related genes and the occurrence of vitiligo vulgaris. This study genotyped 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in five genes including stem cell factor (SCF, also known as KITLG), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF, also known as NuDT6), endothelin-1 (EDN1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and stem cell growth factor (SCGF, also known as CLEC11A). RESULTS Our results revealed that the A allele for SNP rs11104947 in the SCF gene and the T allele for SNP rs13866 in the SCGF gene were, respectively, associated with a 1.95- and a 2.14-fold risk of developing vitiligo vulgaris. A higher risk was also detected among subjects who carried the SCF rs995029/rs11104947 C/A haplotype (odds ratio = 2.45). Furthermore, the at-risk alleles for SCF rs11104947 (A allele) and for SCGF SNP rs13866 (T allele) were found to display a 7.92-fold increased gene-gene combined risk. No significant relationship between polymorphic frequency for genes bFGF, EDN1 as well as HGF and occurrence of vitiligo vulgaris was observed. CONCLUSIONS These novel genetic findings provide new insights in relation to the mechanisms that might be involved in the development of vitiligo vulgaris.
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Identification and quantification of proteins differentially secreted by a pair of normal and malignant breast-cancer cell lines. Proteomics 2009; 9:182-93. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Leukemia cell lines require self-secreted stem cell growth factor (SCGF) for their proliferation. Leuk Res 2008; 32:1623-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 01/07/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Immobilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Monocytes in Biocompatible Microcapsules to Cell Therapy. Biotechnol Prog 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/bp070047p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The tumor suppressor effect of the glucocorticoid receptor in skin is mediated via its effect on follicular epithelial stem cells. Oncogene 2006; 26:3060-8. [PMID: 17146443 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are potent inhibitors of mouse skin tumorigenesis. The glucocorticoid control of cellular functions is mediated via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), a well-known transcription factor. Recently, we generated transgenic mice overexpressing GR under control of the keratin5 (K5) promoter, and showed that K5.GR animals are resistant to skin carcinogenesis. Follicular epithelial stem cells (SCs), located in the bulge region of the hair follicle, are believed to be one of the target cells for skin carcinogenesis. We found that the number of putative hair follicle SC detected as label-retaining cells was significantly less in the K5.GR transgenics compared to wild type (w.t.) littermates. We also showed that GR overexpression led to a reduction in the clonogenicity of the follicular epithelial SCs. We evaluated the global effect of GR on gene expression in a population of follicular SC-enriched bulge keratinocytes isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting. We found that GR affected the expression of numerous bulge SC 'signature' genes, genes involved in the maintenance of SC and progenitor cells of non-epidermal origin and proapoptotic genes. Our findings underscore the important role of GR signaling in the homeostasis of follicular epithelial SCs, and suggest that the reduction in their number may underlie the tumor suppressor effect of GR in the skin.
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Role of platelet-derived chemokines (RANTES and ENA-78) after stem cell transplantation. Transpl Immunol 2006; 15:247-53. [PMID: 16635746 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2005.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Revised: 11/17/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is being used for hematopoietic reconstitution following high-dose chemotherapy for malignancy. Some patients seem to have an imbalance of the immune response after SCT and cytokines are known to regulate this response. Recently, platelets have been shown to contain members of the chemokine family, suggesting a role of platelets as inflammatory cells. We measured and compared levels of platelet activation markers, chemokines, and soluble factors in patients undergoing SCT. IL-8 and GROalpha exhibited a significant elevation in the early phase (1 or 2 weeks) after SCT; this trend was marked after autologous SCT. Furthermore, these levels significantly and positively correlated with the change in G-CSF. In contrast, ENA-78 exhibited a significant elevation in the later phase (3 or 4 weeks) after SCT. In addition, its level negatively correlated with the change in G-CSF. Soluble CD40 ligand and platelet-derived microparticles significantly increased after both auto- and allo-SCT. In addition, ENA-78 positively correlated with the level of platelet-derived microparticles. The increase of RANTES seems to be related to platelet activation, since RANTES was in the dynamic phase similar to soluble CD40 ligand and platelet-derived microparticles. RANTES exhibited changes similar to IL-6, TNFalpha, and soluble IL-2 receptors, which are GVHD markers. Thus, the platelet-derived chemokines ENA-78 and RANTES exhibited particular changes after SCT. Our results suggest that ENA-78 play a role in hematopoietic conditions in which G-CSF is not involved, and RANTES generation after allo-SCT relates to GVHD.
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Significance of elevation in cell-derived microparticles after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: transient elevation of platelet-drived microparticles in TMA/TTP. Bone Marrow Transplant 2005; 36:921-2. [PMID: 16113658 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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