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Hussan A, Moyo B, Amenuvor G, Meyer D, Sitole L. Investigating the antitumor effects of a novel ruthenium (II) complex on malignant melanoma cells: An NMR-based metabolomic approach. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 686:149169. [PMID: 37922571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Metals have been used for many years in medicine, particularly for the treatment of cancer. Cisplatin is one of the most used drugs in the treatment of cancer. Although platinum-containing therapeutics have unparalleled efficacy in cancer treatment, they are coupled with adverse effects and the development of tumour resistance. This has led to the exploration of other metal-based modalities including ruthenium-based compounds. Thus, in our previous study, we synthesized and characterized a novel ruthenium (II) complex (referred to herein as GA113) containing a bis-amino-phosphine ligand. The complex was subsequently screened for its anti-cancerous potential against a human malignant melanoma A375 cell line and findings revealed favourable cytotoxicity. In the current study, a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based cellular metabolomics approach was applied to probe the possible mechanism of GA113 in A375 cells. In addition, other biological assays including light microscopy, Hoechst-33258 and MitoTracker Orange CM-H2TMRos stain were used to assess cellular viability and apoptosis in GA113-treated cells. Consequently, multivariate statistical data analysis was applied to the metabolomic data to identify potential biomarkers. Six signatory metabolites were altered after treatment. Changes in these metabolites were linked to two metabolic pathways, which include the alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathway as well as the glycine, serine, and threonine pathway. By means of an NMR-based metabolomic approach, we identified the potential mechanism of action of complex GA113 in A375 cancer cells thus providing new insights into the metabolic pathways affected by complex GA113 and establishing a foundation for further development, research, and eventual application in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Hussan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Brenden Moyo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Gershon Amenuvor
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Computational Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Debra Meyer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa
| | - Lungile Sitole
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, 2006, South Africa.
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2
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Berner J, Miebach L, Kordt M, Seebauer C, Schmidt A, Lalk M, Vollmar B, Metelmann HR, Bekeschus S. Chronic oxidative stress adaptation in head and neck cancer cells generates slow-cyclers with decreased tumour growth in vivo. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:869-883. [PMID: 37460712 PMCID: PMC10449771 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02343-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are implicated in cancer therapy and as drivers of microenvironmental tumour cell adaptations. Medical gas plasma is a multi-ROS generating technology that has been shown effective for palliative tumour control in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients before tumour cells adapted to the oxidative stress and growth regressed fatally. METHODS In a bedside-to-bench approach, we sought to explore the oxidative stress adaptation in two human squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Gas plasma was utilised as a putative therapeutic agent and chronic oxidative stress inducer. RESULTS Cellular responses of single and multiple treated cells were compared regarding sensitivity, cellular senescence, redox state and cytokine release. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed a strong correlation of cancer cell adaption with increased interleukin 1 receptor type 2 (IL1R2) expression. Using magnetic resonance imaging, tumour growth and gas plasma treatment responses of wild-type (WT) and repeatedly exposed (RE) A431 cells were further investigated in a xenograft model in vivo. RE cells generated significantly smaller tumours with suppressed inflammatory secretion profiles and increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activity showing significantly lower gas plasma sensitivity until day 8. CONCLUSIONS Clinically, combination treatments together with cetuximab, an EGFR inhibitor, may overcome acquired oxidative stress resistance in HNC.
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Grants
- This study was funded by the joint research project ONKOTHER-H is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, grant numbers ESF/14-BM-A55-0003/18, ESF/14-BM-A55-0005/18, and ESF/14-BM-A55-0006/18) and the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany, as well as the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant numbers 03Z22DN11 and 03Z22Di1).
- This study was funded by the joint research project ONKOTHER-H is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, grant numbers ESF/14-BM-A55-0005/18).
- Gerhard-Domagk-Foundation Greifswald (Germany).
- This study was funded by the joint research project ONKOTHER-H is supported by the European Social Fund (ESF, grant numbers ESF/14-BM-A55-0003/18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Berner
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Kordt
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Seebauer
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute for Biochemistry, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 4, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69a, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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3
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Guo H, Jin W, Liu K, Liu S, Mao S, Zhou Z, Xie L, Wang G, Chen Y, Liang Y. Oral GSH Exerts a Therapeutic Effect on Experimental Salmonella Meningitis by Protecting BBB Integrity and Inhibiting Salmonella-induced Apoptosis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2023; 18:112-126. [PMID: 36418663 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-022-10055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial meningitis (BM) is the main cause of the central nervous system (CNS) infection and continues to be an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Glutathione (GSH), an endogenous tripeptide antioxidant, has been proved to exert crucial role in reducing superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrites. The purpose of this study is to expand the application scope of GSH via exploring its therapeutic effect on BM caused by Salmonella typhimurium SL1344 and then provide a novel approach for the treatment of BM. The results suggested that intragastric administration of GSH could significantly increase median survival and improve experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis score of BM model mice. However, exogenous GSH did not affect the adhesion, invasion and cytotoxicity of SL1344 to C6, BV2 and primary microglia. Due to the contradiction between the therapeutic and bactericidal effects of GSH, the effect of GSH on blood-brain barrier (BBB) was investigated to explore its action target for the treatment of meningitis. GSH was found to repair the damage of BBB and then prevent the leakage of SL1344 from the brain to the blood circulation. The repaired BBB could also effectively reduce the entry of macrophages and neutrophils into the brain, and significantly reverse the microglia activation induced by SL1344. More importantly, exogenous GSH was proved to reduce mouse brain cell apoptosis by inhibiting the activation of caspase-8 followed by caspase-3, and reversing the up-regulation of ICAD and PARP-1 caused by SL1344.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jin
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Keanqi Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shijia Liu
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Shuying Mao
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Yugen Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Qinhuai District, 210000, Nanjing, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Lab of Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Tongjiaxiang 24, 210009, Nanjing, P.R. China.
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Yu Y, Meng Y, Xu X, Tong T, He C, Wang L, Wang K, Zhao M, You X, Zhang W, Jiang L, Wu J, Zhao M. A Ferroptosis-Inducing and Leukemic Cell-Targeting Drug Nanocarrier Formed by Redox-Responsive Cysteine Polymer for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3334-3345. [PMID: 36752654 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an alternative strategy to overcome chemoresistance, but effective therapeutic approaches to induce ferroptosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment are limited. Here, we developed glutathione (GSH)-responsive cysteine polymer-based ferroptosis-inducing nanomedicine (GCFN) as an efficient ferroptosis inducer and chemotherapeutic drug nanocarrier for AML treatment. GCFN depleted intracellular GSH and inhibited glutathione peroxidase 4, a GSH-dependent hydroperoxidase, to cause lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in AML cells. Furthermore, GCFN-loaded paclitaxel (PTX@GCFN) targeted AML cells and spared normal hematopoietic cells to limit the myeloablation side effects caused by paclitaxel. PTX@GCFN treatment extended the survival of AML mice by specifically releasing paclitaxel and simultaneously inducing ferroptosis in AML cells with restricted myeloablation and tissue damage side effects. Overall, the dual-functional GCFN acts as an effective ferroptosis inducer and a chemotherapeutic drug carrier for AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Yu
- Department of Hematology, Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000, China
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510410, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Department of Hematology, People's Hospital of Zhangzi, Changzhi, Shanxi 046000,China
| | - Yabin Meng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Xi Xu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510410, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Tong Tong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Chong He
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510410, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Liying Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Kaitao Wang
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Minyi Zhao
- Department of Hematology, the Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Xinru You
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518107, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Linjia Jiang
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510410, China
| | - Jun Wu
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510410, China
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- RNA Biomedical Institute, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510410, China
- Advanced Medical Technology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering (Ministry of Education), Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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5
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Chen G, Wu K, Li H, Xia D, He T. Role of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and targeted therapy. Front Oncol 2022; 12:961637. [PMID: 36212414 PMCID: PMC9545774 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.961637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME), which is characterized by hypoxia, widely exists in solid tumors. As a current research hotspot in the TME, hypoxia is expected to become a key element to break through the bottleneck of tumor treatment. More and more research results show that a variety of biological behaviors of tumor cells are affected by many factors in TME which are closely related to hypoxia. In order to inhibiting the immune response in TME, hypoxia plays an important role in tumor cell metabolism and anti-apoptosis. Therefore, exploring the molecular mechanism of hypoxia mediated malignant tumor behavior and therapeutic targets is expected to provide new ideas for anti-tumor therapy. In this review, we discussed the effects of hypoxia on tumor behavior and its interaction with TME from the perspectives of immune cells, cell metabolism, oxidative stress and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), and listed the therapeutic targets or signal pathways found so far. Finally, we summarize the current therapies targeting hypoxia, such as glycolysis inhibitors, anti-angiogenesis drugs, HIF inhibitors, hypoxia-activated prodrugs, and hyperbaric medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoqi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiwen Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Li
- Deparment of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiang Su University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Demeng Xia, ; Tianlin He,
| | - Tianlin He
- Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Demeng Xia, ; Tianlin He,
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6
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Corteselli E, Aboushousha R, Janssen-Heininger Y. S-Glutathionylation-Controlled Apoptosis of Lung Epithelial Cells; Potential Implications for Lung Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091789. [PMID: 36139863 PMCID: PMC9495907 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant in mammalian cells, regulates several vital cellular processes, such as nutrient metabolism, protein synthesis, and immune responses. In addition to its role in antioxidant defense, GSH controls biological processes through its conjugation to reactive protein cysteines in a post-translational modification known as protein S-glutathionylation (PSSG). PSSG has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple diseases including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Hallmarks of IPF include repeated injury to the alveolar epithelium with aberrant tissue repair, epithelial cell apoptosis and fibroblast resistance to apoptosis, and the accumulation of extracellular matrix and distortion of normal lung architecture. Several studies have linked oxidative stress and PSSG to the development and progression of IPF. Additionally, it has been suggested that the loss of epithelial cell homeostasis and increased apoptosis, accompanied by the release of various metabolites, creates a vicious cycle that aggravates disease progression. In this short review, we highlight some recent studies that link PSSG to epithelial cell apoptosis and highlight the potential implication of metabolites secreted by apoptotic cells.
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7
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Shen Z, Zhao H, Yao H, Pan X, Yang J, Zhang S, Han G, Zhang X. Dynamic metabolic change of cancer cells induced by natural killer cells at single-cell level studied by label-free mass cytometry. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1641-1647. [PMID: 35282636 PMCID: PMC8827047 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc06366a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer cells (NK cells) are important immune cells which have attracted increasing attention in cancer immunotherapy. Due to the heterogeneity of cells, individual cancer cells show different resistance to NK cytotoxicity, which has been revealed by flow cytometry. Here we used label-free mass cytometry (CyESI-MS) as a new tool to analyze the metabolites in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cells at the single-cell level after the interaction with different numbers of NK92 MI cells. A large amount of chemical information from individual HepG2 cells was obtained showing the process of cell apoptosis induced by NK cells. Nineteen metabolites which consecutively change during cell apoptosis were revealed by calculating their average relative intensity. Four metabolic pathways were impacted during cell apoptosis which hit 4 metabolites including glutathione (GSH), creatine, glutamic acid and taurine. We found that the HepG2 cells could be divided into two phenotypes after co-culturing with NK cells according to the bimodal distribution of concentration of these 4 metabolites. The correlation between metabolites and different apoptotic pathways in the early apoptosis cell group was established by the 4 metabolites at the single-cell level. This is a new idea of using single-cell specific metabolites to reveal the metabolic heterogeneity in cell apoptosis which would be a powerful means for evaluating the cytotoxicity of NK cells. Label-free mass cytometry is utilized to study the dynamic metabolic change during apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by NK92 MI cells at the single-cell level. The metabolic heterogeneity of individual HepG2 cells during apoptosis was revealed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hansen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huan Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xingyu Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jinlei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guojun Han
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 China
- Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology Beijing 100081 P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Leonce C, Saintigny P, Ortiz-Cuaran S. Cell-intrinsic mechanisms of drug tolerance to systemic therapies in cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 20:11-29. [PMID: 34389691 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In cancer patients with metastatic disease, the rate of complete tumor response to systemic therapies is low, and residual lesions persist in the majority of patients due to early molecular adaptation in cancer cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that a subpopulation of drug-tolerant « persister » cells - a reversible phenotype characterized by reduced drug sensitivity and decreased cell proliferation - maintains residual disease and may serve as a reservoir for resistant phenotypes. The survival of these residual tumor cells can be caused by reactivation of specific signaling pathways, phenotypic plasticity (i.e., transdifferentiation), epigenetic or metabolic reprogramming, downregulation of apoptosis as well as transcriptional remodeling. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms that enable adaptive survival in drug-tolerant cells. We describe the main characteristics and dynamic nature of this persistent state, and highlight the current therapeutic strategies that may be used to interfere with the establishment of drug-tolerant cells, as an alternative to improve objective response to systemic therapies and delay the emergence of resistance to improve long-term survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Leonce
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon
| | - Pierre Saintigny
- Department of Medical Oncology, Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon. Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard
| | - Sandra Ortiz-Cuaran
- Univ Lyon, Claude Bernard Lyon 1 University, INSERM 1052, CNRS 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon
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9
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Turkez H, Arslan ME, Tatar A, Mardinoglu A. Promising potential of boron compounds against Glioblastoma: In Vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer studies. Neurochem Int 2021; 149:105137. [PMID: 34293392 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and aggressive primary malignant astrocytoma correlated with poor patient survival. There are no curative treatments for GB, and it becomes resistant to chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Resistance in GB cells is closely related to their states of redox imbalance, and the role of reactive oxygen species and its impact on cancer cell survival is still far from elucidation. Boron-containing compounds, especially boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) exhibited interesting biological effects involving antibacterial, antiviral, anti-cancerogenic, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory as well as anti-oxidative features. Recent studies indicated that certain boron compounds could be cytotoxic on human GB. Nevertheless, there is gap of knowledge in the literature on exploring the underlying mechanisms of anti-GB action by boron compounds. Here, we identified and compared the potential anti-GB effect of both BA and BX, and revealed their underlying anti-GB mechanism. We performed cell viability, oxidative alterations, oxidative DNA damage potential assays, and explored the inflammatory responses and gene expression changes by real-time PCR using U-87MG cells. We found that BA and BX led to a remarkable reduction in U-87MG cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that boron compounds increased the total oxidative status and MDA levels along with the SOD and CAT enzyme activities and decreased total antioxidant capacity and GSH levels in U-87MG cells without inducing DNA damage. The cytokine levels of cancer cells were also altered. We verified the selectivity of the compounds using a normal cell line, HaCaT and found an exact opposite condition after treating HaCaT cells with BA and BX. BA applications were more effective than BX on U-87MG cell line in terms of increasing MDA levels, SOD and CAT enzyme activities, and decreasing Interleukin-1α, Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α) levels. We finally observed that anticancer effect of BA and BX were associated with the BRAF/MAPK, PTEN and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in respect of downregulatory manner. Especially, BA application was found more favorable because of its inhibitory effect on PIK3CA, PIK3R1, PTEN and RAF1 genes. In conclusion, our analysis indicated that boron compounds may be safe and promising for effective treatment of GB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, 25250; Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdulgani Tatar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240; Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK; Science for Life Laboratory, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, SE-17121, Sweden.
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10
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Tuerhong A, Xu J, Shi S, Tan Z, Meng Q, Hua J, Liu J, Zhang B, Wang W, Yu X, Liang C. Overcoming chemoresistance by targeting reprogrammed metabolism: the Achilles' heel of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5505-5526. [PMID: 34131808 PMCID: PMC11072422 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03866-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death due to its late diagnosis that removes the opportunity for surgery and metabolic plasticity that leads to resistance to chemotherapy. Metabolic reprogramming related to glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in PDAC not only enables the cancer to thrive and survive under hypovascular, nutrient-poor and hypoxic microenvironments, but also confers chemoresistance, which contributes to the poor prognosis of PDAC. In this review, we systematically elucidate the mechanism of chemotherapy resistance and the relationship of metabolic programming features with resistance to anticancer drugs in PDAC. Targeting the critical enzymes and/or transporters involved in glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism may be a promising approach to overcome chemoresistance in PDAC. Consequently, regulating metabolism could be used as a strategy against PDAC and could improve the prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abudureyimu Tuerhong
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Tan
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingcai Meng
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hua
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 270 Dong'An Road, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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11
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Xu X, Wang L, Zang Q, Li S, Li L, Wang Z, He J, Qiang B, Han W, Zhang R, Peng X, Abliz Z. Rewiring of purine metabolism in response to acidosis stress in glioma stem cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:277. [PMID: 33723244 PMCID: PMC7961141 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03543-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to therapy resistance and poor outcomes for glioma patients. A significant feature of GSCs is their ability to grow in an acidic microenvironment. However, the mechanism underlying the rewiring of their metabolism in low pH remains elusive. Here, using metabolomics and metabolic flux approaches, we cultured GSCs at pH 6.8 and pH 7.4 and found that cells cultured in low pH exhibited increased de novo purine nucleotide biosynthesis activity. The overexpression of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, encoded by G6PD or H6PD, supports the metabolic dependency of GSCs on nucleotides when cultured under acidic conditions, by enhancing the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). The high level of reduced glutathione (GSH) under acidic conditions also causes demand for the PPP to provide NADPH. Taken together, upregulation of G6PD/H6PD in the PPP plays an important role in acidic-driven purine metabolic reprogramming and confers a predilection toward glioma progression. Our findings indicate that targeting G6PD/H6PD, which are closely related to glioma patient survival, may serve as a promising therapeutic target for improved glioblastoma therapeutics. An integrated metabolomics and metabolic flux analysis, as well as considering microenvironment and cancer stem cells, provide a precise insight into understanding cancer metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingce Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Limei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Boqin Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Zeper Abliz
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. .,Centre for Bioimaging and Systems Biology, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.
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12
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Oxidative Stress-Inducing Anticancer Therapies: Taking a Closer Look at Their Immunomodulating Effects. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121188. [PMID: 33260826 PMCID: PMC7759788 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterized by higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) compared to normal cells as a result of an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. However, cancer cells maintain their redox balance due to their high antioxidant capacity. Recently, a high level of oxidative stress is considered a novel target for anticancer therapy. This can be induced by increasing exogenous ROS and/or inhibiting the endogenous protective antioxidant system. Additionally, the immune system has been shown to be a significant ally in the fight against cancer. Since ROS levels are important to modulate the antitumor immune response, it is essential to consider the effects of oxidative stress-inducing treatments on this response. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanistic cellular responses of cancer cells towards exogenous and endogenous ROS-inducing treatments, as well as the indirect and direct antitumoral immune effects, which can be both immunostimulatory and/or immunosuppressive. For future perspectives, there is a clear need for comprehensive investigations of different oxidative stress-inducing treatment strategies and their specific immunomodulating effects, since the effects cannot be generalized over different treatment modalities. It is essential to elucidate all these underlying immune effects to make oxidative stress-inducing treatments effective anticancer therapy.
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13
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Altea‐Manzano P, Cuadros AM, Broadfield LA, Fendt S. Nutrient metabolism and cancer in the in vivo context: a metabolic game of give and take. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e50635. [PMID: 32964587 PMCID: PMC7534637 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202050635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrients are indispensable resources that provide the macromolecular building blocks and energy requirements for sustaining cell growth and survival. Cancer cells require several key nutrients to fulfill their changing metabolic needs as they progress through stages of development. Moreover, both cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-influenced factors determine nutrient dependencies throughout cancer progression-for which a comprehensive characterization remains incomplete. In addition to the widely studied role of genetic alterations driving cancer metabolism, nutrient use in cancer tissue may be affected by several factors including the following: (i) diet, the primary source of bodily nutrients which influences circulating metabolite levels; (ii) tissue of origin, which can influence the tumor's reliance on specific nutrients to support cell metabolism and growth; (iii) local microenvironment, which dictates the accessibility of nutrients to tumor cells; (iv) tumor heterogeneity, which promotes metabolic plasticity and adaptation to nutrient demands; and (v) functional demand, which intensifies metabolic reprogramming to fuel the phenotypic changes required for invasion, growth, or survival. Here, we discuss the influence of these factors on nutrient metabolism and dependence during various steps of tumor development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Altea‐Manzano
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Alejandro M Cuadros
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Lindsay A Broadfield
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Sarah‐Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationVIB‐KU Leuven Center for Cancer BiologyVIBLeuvenBelgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic RegulationDepartment of OncologyKU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI)LeuvenBelgium
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14
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The Influence of Reactive Oxygen Species in the Immune System and Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis. Autoimmune Dis 2020; 2020:5793817. [PMID: 32789026 PMCID: PMC7334772 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5793817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple roles have been indicated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system in recent years. ROS have been extensively studied due to their ability to damage DNA and other subcellular structures. Noticeably, they have been identified as a pivotal second messenger for T-cell receptor signaling and T-cell activation and participate in antigen cross-presentation and chemotaxis. As an agent with direct toxic effects on cells, ROS lead to the initiation of the autoimmune response. Moreover, ROS levels are regulated by antioxidant systems, which include enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. Enzymatic antioxidants include superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Nonenzymatic antioxidants contain vitamins C, A, and E, glutathione, and thioredoxin. Particularly, cellular antioxidant systems have important functions in maintaining the redox system homeostasis. This review will discuss the significant roles of ROS generation and antioxidant systems under normal conditions, in the immune system, and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.
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15
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Nishida K, Tamura A, Kang TW, Masuda H, Yui N. An antibody-supermolecule conjugate for tumor-specific targeting of tumoricidal methylated β-cyclodextrin-threaded polyrotaxanes. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6975-6987. [PMID: 32573639 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00575d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that acid-labile polyrotaxane containing methylated β-cyclodextrin (Me-PRX) induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related autophagy and autophagic cell death. Me-PRX-induced autophagic cell death occurs even in apoptosis-resistant cells; tumor-targeted Me-PRX delivery could thus be an effective cancer treatment approach. In this study, antibody-supermolecule conjugates, consisting of a tumor-specific antibody and Me-PRX, were designed to achieve a tumor-specific delivery of Me-PRX. Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against HER2 expressed in various malignant tumors, was selected as a tumor-targeting antibody, and phenyl maleimide group-modified Me-PRX (Mal-Me-PRX) was conjugated to the cysteine residue of the reduced Trastuzumab to obtain a Trastuzumab-Me-PRX conjugate (Tras-Me-PRX). The cellular association of Tras-Me-PRX to HER2-expressing tumor cells was remarkably greater than that of unmodified Me-PRX. Moreover, Tras-Me-PRX effectively reduced the viability of HER2-expressing tumor cells at a lower concentration compared to the unmodified Me-PRX. In conclusion, antibody-Me-PRX conjugates are regarded as a new class of antibody-drug conjugates that would contribute to the chemotherapy of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Nishida
- Department of Organic Biomaterials, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan.
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Mbemi AT, Sims JN, Yedjou CG, Noubissi FK, Gomez CR, Tchounwou PB. Vernonia calvoana Shows Promise towards the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4429. [PMID: 32580345 PMCID: PMC7352360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment for ovarian cancers includes chemotherapies which use drugs such as cisplatin, paclitaxel, carboplatin, platinum, taxanes, or their combination, and other molecular target therapies. However, these current therapies are often accompanied with side effects. Vernonia calvoana (VC) is a valuable edible medicinal plant that is widespread in West Africa. In vitro data in our lab demonstrated that VC crude extract inhibits human ovarian cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting its antitumor activity. From the VC crude extract, we have generated 10 fractions and VC fraction 7 (F7) appears to show the highest antitumor activity towards ovarian cancer cells. However, the mechanisms by which VC F7 exerts its antitumor activity in cancer cells remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that VC F7 inhibits cell proliferation and induces DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in ovarian cells through oxidative stress. To test our hypothesis, we extracted and fractionated VC leaves. The effects of VC F7 were tested in OVCAR-3 cells. Viability was assessed by the means of MTS assay. Cell morphology was analyzed by acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) dye using a fluorescent microscope. Oxidative stress biomarkers were evaluated by the means of lipid peroxidation, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase assays, respectively. The degree of DNA damage was assessed by comet assay. Cell cycle distribution was assessed by flow cytometry. Data generated from the MTS assay demonstrated that VC F7 inhibits the growth of OVCAR-3 cells in a dose-dependent manner, showing a gradual increase in the loss of viability in VC F7-treated cells. Data obtained from the AO/PI dye assessment revealed morphological alterations and exhibited characteristics such as loss of cellular membrane integrity, cell shrinkage, cell membrane damage, organelle breakdown, and detachment from the culture plate. We observed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of malondialdhyde (MDA) production in treated cells compared to the control. A gradual decrease in both catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were observed in the treated cells compared to the control. Data obtained from the comet assay showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the percentages of DNA cleavage and comet tail length. The results of the flow cytometry analysis indicated VC F7 treatment caused cell cycle arrest at the S-phase checkpoint. Taken together, our results demonstrate that VC F7 exerts its anticancer activity by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing DNA damage, and causing cell cycle arrest through oxidative stress in OVAR-3 cells. This finding suggests that VC F7 may be a potential alternative dietary agent for the prevention and/or treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane T. Mbemi
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
| | - Jennifer N. Sims
- School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson Medical Mall-Thad Cochran Center, 350 West Woodrow Wilson Avenue, Jackson, MS 39213, USA;
| | - Clement G. Yedjou
- Natural Chemotherapeutics Research Laboratory, NIH/NIMHD RCMI-Center for Environmental Health, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University, 1610 S. Martin Luther King Blvd, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Felicite K. Noubissi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
| | - Christian R. Gomez
- Departments of Pathology and Radiation Oncology, Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, USA;
| | - Paul B. Tchounwou
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering and Technology, Jackson State University, 1400 Lynch Street, Jackson, MS 39217, USA;
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Panday S, Talreja R, Kavdia M. The role of glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in regulating cellular level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Microvasc Res 2020; 131:104010. [PMID: 32335268 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione peroxidase (GPX) enzyme system is essential for normal intracellular homeostasis and gets disturbed under pathophysiologic conditions including endothelial dysfunction. Overproduction of reactive oxidative species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) including superoxide (O2•-), and the loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a characteristic of endothelial dysfunction. The GSH/GPX system play an important role in eliminating ROS/RNS. Studies have provided important information regarding the interactions of ROS/RNS with the GSH/GPX in biological systems; however, it is not clear how this cross talk affect these reactive species and GSH/GPX enzyme system, under physiologic and oxidative/nitrosative stress conditions. In the present study, we developed a detailed endothelial cell kinetic model to understand the relationship amongst the key enzyme systems including GSH, GPX, peroxiredoxin (Prx) and reactive species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), and dinitrogen trioxide (N2O3). Our simulation results showed that the alterations in the generation rates of O2•- and NO led to the formation of a wide range of ROS and RNS. Simulations performed by varying the ratio of O2•- to NO generation rates as well as GSH and GPX concentrations showed that the GPX reducing capacity was dependent on GSH availability, level of oxidative/nitrosative stress, and can be attributed to N2O3 levels, but not to H2O2 and ONOO-. Our results showed that N2O3 mediated switch-like depletion in GSH and the incorporation of Prx had no considerable effect on the ROS/RNS species other than ONOO- and H2O2. The analysis presented in this study will improve our understanding of vascular diseases in which the levels and oxidation states of GSH, GPX and/or Prx are significantly altered and pharmacological interventions show limited benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Panday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Raghav Talreja
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States of America.
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Body mass index and γ-glutamyl transferase expression in normal and cancerous breast tissue. Breast Cancer 2020; 27:850-860. [PMID: 32198633 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-020-01080-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Localized to cell membrane, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) is a reliable marker for the evaluation of cell distress occurring in several pathological conditions including obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. In particular, high GGT serum levels are associated with breast cancer incidence and progression. METHODS The tissue expression of GGT1, the gene coding for GGT, was investigated in silico in a large case series of paired samples of breast cancer and adjacent histologically normal (HN) tissue, and in a collection of healthy breast tissues from reduction mammoplasty. The association of GGT1 with patient's body mass index (BMI), and the relationship between GGT1 and a panel of genes involved in apoptosis, IGF-1 signaling, or coding for adipokines and adipokine receptors were also investigated. RESULTS GGT1 expression was significantly higher in tumor than in the adjacent HN tissue (P = 0.0002). Unexpectedly, the expression of GGT1 was inversely associated with BMI in normal and HN tissue, whereas no correlation was found in cancerous tissue. In all tissues, GGT1 correlated positively with TP53 and negatively with BCL2 and LEPR, whereas only in normal and HN tissue GGT1 correlated positively with IGF1R. The linear regression model, adjusted for BMI, showed no confounding effect on any correlation, except for the correlation of GGT1 with LEPR in normal tissue from healthy women. CONCLUSIONS Even if present results provide interesting insights on the still elusive mechanism(s) underlying the association between obesity and epithelial cell proliferation, possibly promoting neoplastic transformation, such relationship deserves further investigation in other independent datasets.
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Links between cancer metabolism and cisplatin resistance. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:107-164. [PMID: 32475471 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most potent and widely used chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of several solid tumors, despite the high toxicity and the frequent relapse of patients due to the onset of drug resistance. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, either intrinsic or acquired, is currently one of the major problems in oncology. Thus, understanding the biology of chemoresistance is fundamental in order to overcome this challenge and to improve the survival rate of patients. Studies over the last 30 decades have underlined how resistance is a multifactorial phenomenon not yet completely understood. Recently, tumor metabolism has gained a lot of interest in the context of chemoresistance; accumulating evidence suggests that the rearrangements of the principal metabolic pathways within cells, contributes to the sensitivity of tumor to the drug treatment. In this review, the principal metabolic alterations associated with cisplatin resistance are highlighted. Improving the knowledge of the influence of metabolism on cisplatin response is fundamental to identify new possible metabolic targets useful for combinatory treatments, in order to overcome cisplatin resistance.
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Wang Q, Zheng J, Zou JX, Xu J, Han F, Xiang S, Liu P, Chen HW, Wang J. S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy)-dependent methyltransferase inhibitor DZNep overcomes breast cancer tamoxifen resistance via induction of NSD2 degradation and suppression of NSD2-driven redox homeostasis. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 317:108965. [PMID: 32001260 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.108965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine therapies (e.g. tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) targeting estrogen action are effective in decreasing mortality of breast cancer. However, their efficacy is limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance. Our previous study demonstrated that overexpression of a histone methyltransferase NSD2 drives tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer cells and that NSD2 is a potential biomarker of tamoxifen resistant breast cancer. Here, we found that DZNep, an indirect inhibitor of histone methyltransferases, potently induces the degradation of NSD2 protein and inhibits the expression of NSD2 target genes (HK2, G6PD, GLUT1 and TIGAR) involved in the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). DZNep treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors also strongly inhibits tumor growth and the cancer cell survival through decreasing cell production of NADPH and glutathione (GSH) and invoking elevated ROS to cause apoptosis. These findings suggest that DZNep-like agents can be developed to target NSD2 histone methyltransferase for effective treatment of tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Jianwei Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - June X Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China
| | - Fanghai Han
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, PR China
| | - Songtao Xiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, PR China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Junjian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, PR China.
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21
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Bekeschus S, Eisenmann S, Sagwal SK, Bodnar Y, Moritz J, Poschkamp B, Stoffels I, Emmert S, Madesh M, Weltmann KD, von Woedtke T, Gandhirajan RK. xCT (SLC7A11) expression confers intrinsic resistance to physical plasma treatment in tumor cells. Redox Biol 2020; 30:101423. [PMID: 31931281 PMCID: PMC6957833 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold physical plasma is a partially ionized gas investigated as a new anticancer tool in selectively targeting cancer cells in monotherapy or in combination with therapeutic agents. Here, we investigated the intrinsic resistance mechanisms of tumor cells towards physical plasma treatment. When analyzing the dose-response relationship to cold plasma-derived oxidants in 11 human cancer cell lines, we identified four 'resistant' and seven 'sensitive' cell lines. We observed stable intracellular glutathione levels following plasma treatment only in the 'resistant' cell lines indicative of altered antioxidant mechanisms. Assessment of proteins involved in GSH metabolism revealed cystine-glutamate antiporter xCT (SLC7A11) to be significantly more abundant in the 'resistant' cell lines as compared to 'sensitive' cell lines. This decisive role of xCT was confirmed by pharmacological and genetic inhibition, followed by cold physical plasma treatment. Finally, microscopy analysis of ex vivo plasma-treated human melanoma punch biopsies suggested a correlation between apoptosis and basal xCT protein abundance. Taken together, our results demonstrate that xCT holds the potential as a biomarker predicting the sensitivity of tumor cells towards plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Eisenmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sagwal
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yana Bodnar
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Juliane Moritz
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Broder Poschkamp
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Greifswald University Medical Center, Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ingo Stoffels
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45122, Essen, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Rostock University Medical Center, Clinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Muniswamy Madesh
- Center for Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Rajesh Kumar Gandhirajan
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), ZIK Plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
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22
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Wang X, Dawod A, Nachliely M, Harrison JS, Danilenko M, Studzinski GP. Differentiation agents increase the potential AraC therapy of AML by reactivating cell death pathways without enhancing ROS generation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:573-586. [PMID: 31245853 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis and requires new approaches for treatment. We have reported that a combination of vitamin D-based cell differentiation agents (doxercalciferol/carnosic acid [D2/CA]) added following the cytotoxic drug arabinocytosine (AraC) increases AML cell death (CD), a model for improved therapy of this disease. Because AraC-induced CD is known to involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, here we investigated if the modulation of cellular REDOX status plays a role in the enhancement of cell death (ECD) by D2/CA. Using thiol antioxidants, such as N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), we found a significant inhibition of ECD, yet this occurred in the absence of any detectable change in cellular ROS levels. In contrast, NAC reduced the vitamin D receptor (VDR) abundance and its signaling of ECD. Importantly, VDR knockdown and NAC similarly inhibited ECD without producing an additive effect. Thus, the proposed post-AraC therapy may be compromised by agents that reduce VDR levels in AML blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Alaa Dawod
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Matan Nachliely
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jonathan S Harrison
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Michael Danilenko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
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23
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Delta-Tocotrienol Modulates Glutamine Dependence by Inhibiting ASCT2 and LAT1 Transporters in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Cells: A Metabolomic Approach. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9030050. [PMID: 30871192 PMCID: PMC6468853 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) primarily depends on glutamine. Both glutamine and essential amino acids (EAAs) have been reported to upregulate mTOR in NSCLC, which is a bioenergetics sensor involved in the regulation of cell growth, cell survival, and protein synthesis. Seen as novel concepts in cancer development, ASCT2 and LAT transporters allow glutamine and EAAs to enter proliferating tumors as well as send a regulatory signal to mTOR. Blocking or downregulating these glutamine transporters in order to inhibit glutamine uptake would be an excellent therapeutic target for treatment of NSCLC. This study aimed to validate the metabolic dysregulation of glutamine and its derivatives in NSCLC using cellular 1H-NMR metabolomic approach while exploring the mechanism of delta-tocotrienol (δT) on glutamine transporters, and mTOR pathway. Cellular metabolomics analysis showed significant inhibition in the uptake of glutamine, its derivatives glutamate and glutathione, and some EAAs in both cell lines with δT treatment. Inhibition of glutamine transporters (ASCT2 and LAT1) and mTOR pathway proteins (P-mTOR and p-4EBP1) was evident in Western blot analysis in a dose-dependent manner. Our findings suggest that δT inhibits glutamine transporters, thus inhibiting glutamine uptake into proliferating cells, which results in the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis via downregulation of the mTOR pathway.
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24
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Ghanbari Movahed Z, Rastegari-Pouyani M, Mohammadi MH, Mansouri K. Cancer cells change their glucose metabolism to overcome increased ROS: One step from cancer cell to cancer stem cell? Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108690. [PMID: 30798124 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can adapt to low energy sources in the face of ATP depletion as well as to their high levels of ROS by altering their metabolism and energy production networks which might also have a role in determining cell fate and developing drug resistance. Cancer cells are generally characterized by increased glycolysis. This is while; cancer stem cells (CSCs) exhibit an enhanced pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolism. Based on the current literature, we suggest that cancer cells when encountering ROS, first increase the glycolysis rate and then following the continuation of oxidative stress, the metabolic balance is skewed from glycolysis to PPP. Therefore, we hypothesize in this review that in cancer cells this metabolic deviation during persistent oxidative stress might be a sign of cancer cells' shift towards CSCs, an issue that might be pivotal in more effective targeting of cancer cells and CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghanbari Movahed
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rastegari-Pouyani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
- HSCT research center, Laboratory Hematology and blood Banking Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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25
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Vascellari S, Valletta E, Perra D, Pinna E, Serra A, Isaia F, Pani A, Pivetta T. Cisplatin, glutathione and the third wheel: a copper-(1,10-phenanthroline) complex modulates cisplatin–GSH interactions from antagonism to synergism in cancer cells resistant to cisplatin. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5362-5376. [PMID: 35515894 PMCID: PMC9060805 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09652j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The antagonistic effect of glutathione (GSH) against the cytotoxicity of cisplatin was observed in both wild type and cisplatin-resistant human leukaemia and ovarian carcinoma cell lines. The simultaneous presence of the cytotoxic copper complex [Cu(phen)2(OH2)](ClO4)2 (C0) restored the sensitivity of the cells to cisplatin, and, at selected concentrations, led to strong synergistic effects. The C0–cisplatin–glutathione system showed a synergistic toxic effect even in the presence of 1000 μM GSH. The three-drug cocktail exerted a higher potency against leukemic cells than against freshly isolated lymphocytes from healthy donors. Compared to actively proliferating normal lymphocytes, leukaemia cells were much more susceptible to the cytocide effect of the three-drug combination and underwent the dying process(es) much faster. When the ovarian carcinoma cells were treated with cisplatin, alone or in combination with C0, late apoptotic effects were mainly observed, suggesting that DNA interactions with the C0–cisplatin complex trigger a process of programmed cell death. In contrast, the ternary combination induced apoptotic effects similar to that shown by C0 in single treatment, that is, early apoptosis. One possible explanation is that C0 and cisplatin compete for GSH-binding in the culture medium. GSH in combination with C0 and cisplatin caused a significant induction of the apoptotic process(es), through a pathway which does not compromise the integrity of the plasma membrane of cells. A new drug cocktail is proposed to overcome the cisplatin-resistance due to the presence of glutathione. A2780 cisplatin-resistant cells, treated with the drug cocktail, showed early apoptosis.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vascellari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- Italy
| | - Elisa Valletta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- ITALY
| | - Daniela Perra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pinna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Serra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- Italy
| | - Francesco Isaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- ITALY
| | - Alessandra Pani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- Italy
| | - Tiziana Pivetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche
- Università degli Studi di Cagliari
- CA
- ITALY
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26
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Lettieri-Barbato D, Aquilano K. Pushing the Limits of Cancer Therapy: The Nutrient Game. Front Oncol 2018; 8:148. [PMID: 29868472 PMCID: PMC5951973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard cancer treatments include chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or their combination, which are generally associated with a multitude of side effects ranging from discomfort to the development of secondary tumors and severe toxicity to multiple systems including immune system. Mounting evidence has highlighted that the fine-tuning of nutrients may selectively sensitize cancer cells to conventional cancer therapies, while simultaneously protecting normal cells from their side effects. Nutrient modulation through diet also improves cancer immunesurveillance in a way that severe immunosuppression could be avoided or even the immune response or immune-based cancer therapies be potentiated also through patient microbiota remodeling. Here, we review recent advances in cancer therapy focusing on the effects of adjuvant dietary interventions (e.g., ketogenic diets, fasting) on the metabolic pathways within cancer cells and tumor environment (e.g., microbiota, immune system, tumor microenvironment) that are involved in cancer progression and resistance as well as cancer cell death. Finally, based on the overall literature data, we designed a nutritional intervention consisting in a plant-based moderate ketogenic diet that could be exploited for future preclinical research in cancer therapy.
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27
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Yarosz EL, Chang CH. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Regulating T Cell-mediated Immunity and Disease. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e14. [PMID: 29503744 PMCID: PMC5833121 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
T lymphocytes rely on several metabolic processes to produce the high amounts of energy and metabolites needed to drive clonal expansion and the development of effector functions. However, many of these pathways result in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have canonically been thought of as cytotoxic agents due to their ability to damage DNA and other subcellular structures. Interestingly, ROS has recently emerged as a critical second messenger for T cell receptor signaling and T cell activation, but the sensitivity of different T cell subsets to ROS varies. Therefore, the tight regulation of ROS production by cellular antioxidant pathways is critical to maintaining proper signal transduction without compromising the integrity of the cell. This review intends to detail the common metabolic sources of intracellular ROS and the mechanisms by which ROS contributes to the development of T cell-mediated immunity. The regulation of ROS levels by the glutathione pathway and the Nrf2-Keap1-Cul3 trimeric complex will be discussed. Finally, T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases exacerbated by defects in ROS regulation will be further examined in order to identify potential therapeutic interventions for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Yarosz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Cheong-Hee Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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28
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Syu JP, Chi JT, Kung HN. Nrf2 is the key to chemotherapy resistance in MCF7 breast cancer cells under hypoxia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:14659-72. [PMID: 26894974 PMCID: PMC4924742 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia leads to reactive oxygen species (ROS) imbalance, which is proposed to associate with drug resistance and oncogenesis. Inhibition of enzymes of antioxidant balancing system in tumor cells was shown to reduce chemoresistance under hypoxia. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The key regulator of antioxidant balancing system is nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2, Nrf2). In this study, we showed that hypoxia induced ROS production and increased the Nrf2 activity. Nrf2 activation increased levels of its downstream target antioxidant enzymes, including GCLC and GCLM. The Nrf2-overexpressing also confers chemo-resistant MCF7 cells under normoxia. The in vivo mouse model also demonstrated that the chemical inhibition of Nrf2 can increase cisplatin (CDDP) cytotoxicity. Together, these results showed that Nrf2 serves as a key regulator in chemotherapeutic resistance under hypoxia through ROS-Nrf2-GCLC-GSH pathway. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 can be a potential treatment for hypoxia-induced drug resistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Pu Syu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsan Chi
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Hsiu-Ni Kung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Park SS, Lee DM, Lim JH, Lee D, Park SJ, Kim HM, Sohn S, Yoon G, Eom YW, Jeong SY, Choi EK, Choi KS. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate reverses Bcl-xL-mediated apoptotic resistance to doxorubicin by inducing paraptosis. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:458-470. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Soon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Min Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
- Genomic Instability Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lim
- Genomic Instability Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Dongjoo Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sang Jun Park
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Gyesoon Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
| | - Young Woo Eom
- Cell therapy and Tissue Engineering Center, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Korea
| | - Seong-Yun Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Center for Advancing Cancer Therapeutics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Kyeong Sook Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou Graduate School, Suwon, Korea
- Genomic Instability Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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30
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The cathepsin B inhibitor z-FA-CMK induces cell death in leukemic T cells via oxidative stress. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:71-82. [PMID: 29085973 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cathepsin B inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-chloromethyl ketone (z-FA-CMK) was recently found to induce apoptosis at low concentrations in Jurkat T cells, while at higher concentrations, the cells die of necrosis. In the present study, we showed that z-FA-CMK readily depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The toxicity of z-FA-CMK in Jurkat T cells was completely abrogated by N-acetylcysteine (NAC), suggesting that the toxicity mediated by z-FA-CMK is due to oxidative stress. We found that L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) which depletes intracellular GSH through the inhibition of GSH biosynthesis in Jurkat T cells did not promote ROS increase or induce cell death. However, NAC was still able to block z-FA-CMK toxicity in Jurkat T cells in the presence of BSO, indicating that the protective effect of NAC does not involve GSH biosynthesis. This is further corroborated by the protective effect of the non-metabolically active D-cysteine on z-FA-CMK toxicity. Furthermore, in BSO-treated cells, z-FA-CMK-induced ROS increased which remains unchanged, suggesting that the depletion of GSH and increase in ROS generation mediated by z-FA-CMK may be two separate events. Collectively, our results demonstrated that z-FA-CMK toxicity is mediated by oxidative stress through the increase in ROS generation.
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31
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Sznarkowska A, Kostecka A, Meller K, Bielawski KP. Inhibition of cancer antioxidant defense by natural compounds. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15996-16016. [PMID: 27911871 PMCID: PMC5362541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All classic, non-surgical anticancer approaches like chemotherapy, radiotherapy or photodynamic therapy kill cancer cells by inducing severe oxidative stress. Even tough chemo- and radiotherapy are still a gold standard in cancer treatment, the identification of non-toxic compounds that enhance their selectivity, would allow for lowering their doses, reduce side effects and risk of second cancers. Many natural products have the ability to sensitize cancer cells to oxidative stress induced by chemo- and radiotherapy by limiting antioxidant capacity of cancer cells. Blocking antioxidant defense in tumors decreases their ability to balance oxidative insult and results in cell death. Though one should bear in mind that the same natural compound often exerts both anti-oxidant and pro-oxidant properties, depending on concentration used, cell type, exposure time and environmental conditions. Here we present a comprehensive overview of natural products that inhibit major antioxidant defense mechanisms in cancer cells and discuss their potential in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Sznarkowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Anna Kostecka
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Meller
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Piotr Bielawski
- Department of Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
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32
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Naidoo DB, Chuturgoon AA, Phulukdaree A, Guruprasad KP, Satyamoorthy K, Sewram V. Centella asiatica modulates cancer cachexia associated inflammatory cytokines and cell death in leukaemic THP-1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC's). Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:377. [PMID: 28764778 PMCID: PMC5540453 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Cancer cachexia is associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour potential. We investigated the modulation of antioxidants, cytokines and cell death by C. asiatica ethanolic leaf extract (CLE) in leukaemic THP-1 cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC’s). Methods Cytotoxcity of CLE was determined at 24 and 72 h (h). Oxidant scavenging activity of CLE was evaluated using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Glutathione (GSH) levels, caspase (−8, −9, −3/7) activities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels (Luminometry) were then assayed. The levels of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-10 were also assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results CLE decreased PBMC viability between 33.25–74.55% (24 h: 0.2–0.8 mg/ml CLE and 72 h: 0.4–0.8 mg/ml CLE) and THP-1 viability by 28.404% (72 h: 0.8 mg/ml CLE) (p < 0.0001). Oxidant scavenging activity was increased by CLE (0.05–0.8 mg/ml) (p < 0.0001). PBMC TNF-α and IL-10 levels were decreased by CLE (0.05–0.8 mg/ml) (p < 0.0001). However, PBMC IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations were increased at 0.05–0.2 mg/ml CLE but decreased at 0.4 mg/ml CLE (p < 0.0001). In THP-1 cells, CLE (0.2–0.8 mg/ml) decreased IL-1β and IL-6 whereas increased IL-10 levels (p < 0.0001). In both cell lines, CLE (0.05–0.2 mg/ml, 24 and 72 h) increased GSH concentrations (p < 0.0001). At 24 h, caspase (−9, −3/7) activities was increased by CLE (0.05–0.8 mg/ml) in PBMC’s whereas decreased by CLE (0.2–0.4 mg/ml) in THP-1 cells (p < 0.0001). At 72 h, CLE (0.05–0.8 mg/ml) decreased caspase (−9, −3/7) activities and ATP levels in both cell lines (p < 0.0001). Conclusion In PBMC’s and THP-1 cells, CLE proved to effectively modulate antioxidant activity, inflammatory cytokines and cell death. In THP-1 cells, CLE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine levels whereas it increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels which may alleviate cancer cachexia.
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Badr G, Ramadan NK, Sayed LH, Badr BM, Omar HM, Selamoglu Z. Why whey? Camel whey protein as a new dietary approach to the management of free radicals and for the treatment of different health disorders. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:338-349. [PMID: 28804604 PMCID: PMC5425915 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The balance between free radicals and antioxidants is an important factor for maintaining health and slowing disease progression. The use of antioxidants, particularly natural antioxidants, has become an important strategy for dealing with this cause of widespread diseases. Natural antioxidants have been used as therapeutic tools against many diseases because they are safe, effective, and inexpensive and are among the most commonly used adjuvants in the treatment of several diseases. Camel whey protein (CWP) is considered a strong natural antioxidant because it decreases oxidative stress, enhances immune system function, and increases glutathione levels. The structure of CWP is very similar to that of other types of whey protein from different types of milk. CWP contains many components, such as lactoferrin (LF), lactalbumin, lactoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, and lysozyme, and is rich in immunoglobulins. However, in contrast to other WPs, CWP lacks β-lactoglobulin, the main cause of milk allergies in children. The components of CWP have many beneficial effects, including stimulation of both innate and adaptive immunity and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Recently, it has been shown that CWP and its unique components can facilitate the treatment of impaired diabetic wound healing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CWP in human and other animal disorders are not fully understood. Therefore, the current review presents a concise summary of the scientific evidence of the beneficial effects of CWP to support its therapeutic use in disease treatment and nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nancy K Ramadan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch. Assiut, Egypt
| | - Leila H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Badr M Badr
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Omar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey
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3-bromopyruvate and buthionine sulfoximine effectively kill anoikis-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174271. [PMID: 28362858 PMCID: PMC5376082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Acquisition of anoikis resistance is a prerequisite for metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, little is known about how energy metabolism and antioxidant systems are altered in anoikis-resistant (AR) HCC cells. We evaluated anti-tumor effects of a combination treatment of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) in AR HCC cells. METHODS We compared glycolysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and chemoresistance among Huh-BAT, HepG2 HCC cells, and the corresponding AR cells. Expression of hexokinase II, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (rGCS), and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in AR cells was assessed. Anti-tumor effects of a combination treatment of 3-BP and BSO were evaluated in AR cells and an HCC xenograft mouse model. RESULTS AR HCC cells showed significantly higher chemoresistance, glycolysis and lower ROS production than attached cells. Expression of hexokinase II, rGCS, and EMT markers was higher in AR HCC cells than attached cells. A combination treatment of 3-BP/BSO effectively suppressed proliferation of AR HCC cells through apoptosis by blocking glycolysis and enhancing ROS levels. In xenograft mouse models, tumor growth derived from AR HCC cells was significantly suppressed in the group treated with 3-BP/BSO compared to the group treated with 3-BP or sorafenib. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that a combination treatment of 3-BP/BSO had a synergistic anti-tumor effect in an AR HCC model. This strategy may be an effective adjuvant therapy for patients with sorafenib-resistant HCC.
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Tang N, Liu J, Chen B, Zhang Y, Yu M, Cai Z, Chen H. Effects of gap junction intercellular communication on the docetaxel-induced cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2689-2694. [PMID: 28447724 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) on docetaxel-induced hepatotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study involved investigating the effect of downregulating GJs derived from connexin (Cx) 32 in BRL-3A cells by three different mechanisms: Using a low-density culture; suppression of Cx32 using small interfering RNA; and use of the chemical inhibitor 2‑aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2‑APB), all of which led to attenuated docetaxel hepatotoxicity. In order to investigate the relevant mechanisms involved, apoptosis and caspase activities of BRL‑3A cells were determined. The increase of apoptosis and the activation of caspase‑3 and caspase‑9, but not caspase-8, were detected following cell exposure with docetaxel, demonstrating that the mitochondrial‑mediated apoptosis pathway is largely responsible for docetaxel hepatotoxicity. However, reduced apoptosis and caspase‑3, and ‑9 activities were observed following docetaxel application when BRL‑3A GJIC was deficient from the knockdown of Cx32 expression or pretreatment with 2‑APB. These observations illustrate that GJs are important in docetaxel-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, inhibition of GJIC could prevent amplification of toxicity to docetaxel. Due to GJIC blockage, this hepatoprotection was associated, in part, with decreasing apoptosis of BRL‑3A cells through the mitochondrial pathway. The present study provides evidence for potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of docetaxel-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Meiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Ziqing Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Hongpeng Chen
- School of Information Engineering, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
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Huang Z, Yang G, Shen T, Wang X, Li H, Ren D. Dehydrobruceine B enhances the cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity through regulation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in lung cancer A549 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:623-631. [PMID: 28262615 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dehydrobruceine B (DHB) is a quassinoid isolated from Brucea javanica. We have shown previously that DHB induced apoptosis on two kinds of lung cancer cell lines, A549 and NCI-H292. In the present study, we investigated the interactions of DHB and cisplatin (CDDP) on apoptotic-related cancer cell death. Synergistic effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed when A549 cells were treated with DHB plus CDDP. DHB combined CDDP exposure increased depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. The combination treatment also enhanced protein expression of Bax, reduced the protein levels of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2, and increased the cleavage of caspase-3, caspase-9 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These results indicated that DHB sensitized A549 cells to cisplatin by regulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. High constitutive expression of Nrf2 was found in A549 cells, which enhance the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents including cisplatin. DHB reduced the protein levels of Nrf2 and its target genes, which may contribute to the increase of intracellular ROS level, consequently, induced mitochondria apoptosis. These results generated a rationale for further investigation of DHB combined with CDDP as a potential therapeutic strategy in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Guotao Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Haizhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Dongmei Ren
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, PR China.
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Dawson NJ, Storey KB. Passive regeneration of glutathione: Glutathione reductase regulation from the freeze-tolerant North American wood frog, Rana sylvatica. J Exp Biol 2017; 220:3162-3171. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.159475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wood frogs inhabit a broad range across North America, extending from the southern tip of the Appalachian Mountains to the northern boreal forest. Remarkably they can survive the winter in a frozen state, where as much as 70% of their body water is converted into ice. During the frozen state, their hearts cease to pump blood, causing their cells to experience ischemia which can dramatically increase the production of reactive oxygen species produced within the cell. To overcome this, wood frogs have elevated levels of glutathione, a primary antioxidant. We examined the regulation of glutathione reductase, the enzyme involved in recycling glutathione, in both the frozen and unfrozen state (control). Glutathione reductase activity from both the control and frozen state showed dramatic reduction in substrate specificity (Km) for oxidized glutathione (50%) when measured in the presence of glucose (300mM) and a increase (157%) when measured in the presence of levels of urea (75mM) encountered in the frozen state. However, when we tested the synergistic effect of urea and glucose simultaneously, we observed a substantial reduction in the Km for oxidized glutathione (43%) to a value similar to that of glucose alone. In fact, we found no observable differences in the kinetic and structural properties of glutathione reductase between the two states. Therefore, a significant increase in the affinity for oxidized glutathione in the presence of endogenous levels of glucose, suggests that increased glutathione recycling may result due to passive regulation of glutathione reductase by rising levels of glucose during freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal J. Dawson
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kenneth B. Storey
- Department of Biology and Institute of Biochemistry Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Detection of Glutathione in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells With a Fluorescent Probe During the Course of Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 75:223.e1-223.e10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wrotek S, Domagalski K, Jędrzejewski T, Dec E, Kozak W. Buthionine sulfoximine, a glutathione depletor, attenuates endotoxic fever and reduces IL-1β and IL-6 level in rats. Cytokine 2016; 90:31-37. [PMID: 27764704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) - a glutathione depletor - on a course of endotoxic fever and IL-1β and IL-6 production. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male Wistar rats were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli (50μg/kg, ip) to provoke fever. The level of spleen glutathione, plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and deep body temperature (Tb) were measured. RESULTS The LPS administration provoked fever (the average Tb was 38.14±0.05°C in NaCl/LPS-treated rats vs 37.10±0.03°C in control, not-treated rats; p<0.001). We observed that LPS injection induced a decrease in spleen glutathione level (7.67±0.92nM/g vs 13.27±0.47nM/g in not-treated rats; p<0.001). Furthermore, the injection of LPS provoked an elevation of plasma IL-1β and IL-6 concentration (from values below the lowest detectable standard in not-treated animals to 199.99±34.89pg/mL and 7500±542.21pg/mL, respectively; p<0.001). Pretreatment with BSO enhanced glutathione decrease in LPS-treated rats (5.05±0.49nM/g), and significantly affected fever (maximal Tb was 37.81±0.07°C in BSO/LPS-treated rats vs 38.76±0.11°C in NaCl/LPS-treated rats). BSO 4h after LPS injection decreased IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression (about 1.5 fold, and 2 fold, respectively). In a consequence we observed a decrease in plasma IL-6 concentration (4h after LPS injection plasma IL-6 was 4167.17±956.54pg/mL in BSO/LPS-treated rats vs 7500±542.21pg/mL in NaCl/LPS-treated rats; p<0.001), and later IL-1β (7h after LPS injection the IL-1β concentration was not detected). CONCLUSION Based on these data, we conclude that BSO, in addition to well-known application as an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, is an antipyretic agent which reduces both IL-1β and IL-6 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Wrotek
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Domagalski
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Jędrzejewski
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Eliza Dec
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
| | - Wiesław Kozak
- Department of Immunology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
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Zhou Y, Ding R. Quantitative SERS Detection of Trace Glutathione with Internal Reference Embedded Au-core/Ag-shell Nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793984416420034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely studied and applied for over three decades. However, reliable SERS detection of molecules with low polarizability is still suffering from poor sensitivity and reproducibility. In this paper, we have reported a new strategy for performing quantitative SERS detection of Raman insensitive Glutathione (GSH), based on GSH-induced replacement of a highly Raman sensitive four-mercaptopyridine (MP) adsorbed on the surface of four-aminothiophenol (ATP) embedded Au-core/Ag-shell particles. This replacement led to a strong decrease of the MP SERS signal, which was used to determine the concentration of GSH. The adoption of GSH-induced Raman probe replacement leads to high sensitivity, while the use of internal reference method provides an improved accuracy of the GSH quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
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Reactive Oxygen Species Regulate T Cell Immune Response in the Tumor Microenvironment. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1580967. [PMID: 27547291 PMCID: PMC4980531 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1580967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by cellular metabolism play an important role as signaling messengers in immune system. ROS elevated in the tumor microenvironment are associated with tumor-induced immunosuppression. T cell-based therapy has been recently approved to be effective for cancer treatment. However, T cells often become dysfunctional after reaching the tumor site. It has been reported that ROS participate extensively in T cells activation, apoptosis, and hyporesponsiveness. The sensitivity of T cells to ROS varies among different subsets. ROS can be regulated by cytokines, amino acid metabolism, and enzymatic activity. Immunosuppressive cells accumulate in the tumor microenvironment and induce apoptosis and functional suppression of T cells by producing ROS. Thus, modulating the level of ROS may be important to prolong survival of T cells and enhance their antitumor function. Combining T cell-based therapy with antioxidant treatment such as administration of ROS scavenger should be considered as a promising strategy in cancer treatment, aiming to improve antitumor T cells immunity.
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Benhar M, Shytaj IL, Stamler JS, Savarino A. Dual targeting of the thioredoxin and glutathione systems in cancer and HIV. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:1630-9. [PMID: 27135880 PMCID: PMC4855928 DOI: 10.1172/jci85339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the use of antioxidants for the treatment of cancer and HIV/AIDS has been proposed for decades, new insights gained from redox research have suggested a very different scenario. These new data show that the major cellular antioxidant systems, the thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) systems, actually promote cancer growth and HIV infection, while suppressing an effective immune response. Mechanistically, these systems control both the redox- and NO-based pathways (nitroso-redox homeostasis), which subserve innate and cellular immune defenses. Dual inhibition of the Trx and GSH systems synergistically kills neoplastic cells in vitro and in mice and decreases resistance to anticancer therapy. Similarly, the population of HIV reservoir cells that constitutes the major barrier to a cure for AIDS is exquisitely redox sensitive and could be selectively targeted by Trx and GSH inhibitors. Trx and GSH inhibition may lead to a reprogramming of the immune response, tilting the balance between the immune system and cancer or HIV in favor of the former, allowing elimination of diseased cells. Thus, therapies based on silencing of the Trx and GSH pathways represent a promising approach for the cure of both cancer and AIDS and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Benhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Jonathan S. Stamler
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Tian Y, Xu T, Huang J, Zhang L, Xu S, Xiong B, Wang Y, Tang H. Tissue Metabonomic Phenotyping for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Human Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20790. [PMID: 26876567 PMCID: PMC4753490 DOI: 10.1038/srep20790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide and prognosis based on the conventional histological grading method for CRC remains poor. To better the situation, we analyzed the metabonomic signatures of 50 human CRC tissues and their adjacent non-involved tissues (ANIT) using high-resolution magic-angle spinning (HRMAS) (1)H NMR spectroscopy together with the fatty acid compositions of these tissues using GC-FID/MS. We showed that tissue metabolic phenotypes not only discriminated CRC tissues from ANIT, but also distinguished low-grade tumor tissues (stages I-II) from the high-grade ones (stages III-IV) with high sensitivity and specificity in both cases. Metabonomic phenotypes of CRC tissues differed significantly from that of ANIT in energy metabolism, membrane biosynthesis and degradations, osmotic regulations together with the metabolism of proteins and nucleotides. Amongst all CRC tissues, the stage I tumors exhibited largest differentiations from ANIT. The combination of the differentiating metabolites showed outstanding collective power for differentiating cancer from ANIT and for distinguishing CRC tissues at different stages. These findings revealed details in the typical metabonomic phenotypes associated with CRC tissues nondestructively and demonstrated tissue metabonomic phenotyping as an important molecular pathology tool for diagnosis and prognosis of cancerous solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tangpeng Xu
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shan Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Bin Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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Xiao H, Li P, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang W, Tang B. Simultaneous fluorescence visualization of mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide and zinc ions in live cells and in vivo. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12741-12744. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07182a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have developed two new fluorescent probes termedM-H2O2andM-Znfor simultaneous imaging of hydrogen peroxide and zinc ions in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Xiao
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
| | - Ping Li
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
| | - Shan Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
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Suhail N, Bilal N, Hasan S, Ahmad A, Ashraf GM, Banu N. Chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) enhances the carcinogenic potential of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and accelerates the onset of tumor development in Swiss albino mice. Cell Stress Chaperones 2015; 20:1023-36. [PMID: 26272695 PMCID: PMC4595425 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-015-0632-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social stressors evolving from individual and population interactions produce stress reactions in many organisms (including humans), influencing homeostasis, altering the activity of the immunological system, and thus leading to various pathological states including cancer and their progression. The present study sought to validate the effectiveness of chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) in cancer promotion and to assess oxidative stress outcomes in terms of various in vivo biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, DNA damage, and the development of skin tumors in Swiss albino mice. Animals were randomized into different groups based on their exposure to CUS alone, 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) alone (topical), and DMBA-12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (topical) and exposure to CUS prior to DMBA or DMBA-TPA treatments and sacrificed after 16 weeks of treatment. Prior exposure to CUS significantly increased the pro-oxidant effect of carcinogen, depicted by compromised levels of antioxidants in the circulation and skin, accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation, plasma corticosterone, and marker enzymes as compared to DMBA-alone or DMBA-TPA treatments. DNA damage results corroborated the above biochemical outcomes. Also, the development of skin tumors (in terms of their incidence, tumor yield, and tumor burden) in mice in the presence and absence of stress further strongly supported our above biochemical measurements. CUS may work as a promoter of carcinogenesis by enhancing the pro-oxidant potential of carcinogens. Further studies may be aimed at the development of interventions for disease prevention by identifying the relations between psychological factors and DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Suhail
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Borders University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nayeem Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
| | - Shirin Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- Department of Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), 226010, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Banu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh (U.P.), India
- College of Medical Rehabilitation, Qassim University, Qassim, P.O. Box 2100, Buraydah, 51451, Saudi Arabia
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Saeed Y, Xie B, Xu J, Rehman A, Hong M, Hong Q, Deng Y. Glial U87 cells protect neuronal SH-SY5Y cells from indirect effect of radiation by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2015; 47:250-7. [PMID: 25724352 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the role of indirect effect of radiation in neurodegeneration. However, the role of glial cells in neuroprotection against indirect effect of radiation is still not clear, although they are known to protect neurons under stress conditions in central nervous system. Our study showed that indirect effect of radiation increased the oxidative stress that further enhances the expression of key apoptotic proteins and leads to neuronal cell death. We also investigated the indirect effect of radiation on neuronal cells in the presence of glial cells in a transwell co-culture system, while our analysis was focused on neuronal cells. Irradiated cell-conditioned medium (ICCM) was used as source of indirect radiation and neuroprotective effect was analyzed by various endpoints. It was observed that ICCM-induced reactive oxidative species level was significantly reduced in SH-SY5Y cells co-cultured with glial U87 cells, which might help to maintain the integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential. Increased levels of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and antioxidant glutathione were observed in SH-SY5Y cells co-cultured with glial U87 cells. Moreover, it was also observed that co-culture with glial cells inhibits the expression of ICCM-induced apoptotic proteins, i.e. Bax, cytochrome c, and caspase-3 in SH-SY5Y cells. Hence, it can be speculated that in co-culture system glial cells may protect the neuronal SH-SY5Y cells by reducing the ICCM-induced oxidative stress and apoptotic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmeen Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Bingjie Xie
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Abdur Rehman
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Ma Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Qing Hong
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100086, China
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Activation of p53 mediated glycolytic inhibition-oxidative stress-apoptosis pathway in Dalton's lymphoma by a ruthenium (II)-complex containing 4-carboxy N-ethylbenzamide. Biochimie 2015; 110:52-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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48
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Gach K, Długosz A, Janecka A. The role of oxidative stress in anticancer activity of sesquiterpene lactones. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2015; 388:477-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-015-1096-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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49
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Cho SY, Lee JH, Ju MK, Jeong EM, Kim HJ, Lim J, Lee S, Cho NH, Park HH, Choi K, Jeon JH, Kim IG. Cystamine induces AIF-mediated apoptosis through glutathione depletion. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1853:619-31. [PMID: 25549939 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cystamine and its reduced form cysteamine showed protective effects in various models of neurodegenerative disease, including Huntington's disease and Parkinson's disease. Other lines of evidence demonstrated the cytotoxic effect of cysteamine on duodenal mucosa leading to ulcer development. However, the mechanism for cystamine cytotoxicity remains poorly understood. Here, we report a new pathway in which cystamine induces apoptosis by targeting apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). By screening of various cell lines, we observed that cystamine and cysteamine induce cell death in a cell type-specific manner. Comparison between cystamine-sensitive and cystamine-resistant cell lines revealed that cystamine cytotoxicity is not associated with unfolded protein response, reactive oxygen species generation and transglutaminase or caspase activity; rather, it is associated with the ability of cystamine to trigger AIF nuclear translocation. In cystamine-sensitive cells, cystamine suppresses the levels of intracellular glutathione by inhibiting γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase expression that triggers AIF translocation. Conversely, glutathione supplementation completely prevents cystamine-induced AIF translocation and apoptosis. In rats, cysteamine administration induces glutathione depletion and AIF translocation leading to apoptosis of duodenal epithelium. These results indicate that AIF translocation through glutathione depletion is the molecular mechanism of cystamine toxicity, and provide important implications for cystamine in the neurodegenerative disease therapeutics as well as in the regulation of AIF-mediated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yup Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Haeng Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-kyeong Ju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Man Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Park
- Graduate School of Biochemistry, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihang Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hong Jeon
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Gyu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea; Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Republic of Korea.
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Schoeneberger H, Belz K, Schenk B, Fulda S. Impairment of antioxidant defense via glutathione depletion sensitizes acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells for Smac mimetic-induced cell death. Oncogene 2014; 34:4032-43. [PMID: 25381820 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Evasion of apoptosis in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is linked to aberrant expression of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) proteins and dysregulated redox homeostasis, rendering leukemic cells vulnerable to redox-targeting therapies. Here we discover that inhibition of antioxidant defenses via glutathione (GSH) depletion by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) primes ALL cells for apoptosis induced by the Smac mimetic BV6 that antagonizes IAP proteins. Similarly, BSO cooperates with BV6 to induce cell death in patient-derived primary leukemic samples, underscoring the clinical relevance. In contrast, BSO does not sensitize non-malignant lymphohematopoietic cells from healthy donors toward BV6, pointing to some tumor selectivity. Mechanistically, both agents cooperate to stimulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which is required for BSO/BV6-induced cell death, as ROS inhibitors (that is, N-acetylcysteine, MnTBAP, Trolox) significantly rescue cell death. Further, BSO and BV6 cooperate to trigger lipid peroxidation, which is necessary for cell death, as genetic or pharmacological blockage of lipid peroxidation by GSH peroxidase 4 (GPX4) overexpression or α-tocopherol significantly inhibits BSO/BV6-mediated cell death. Consistently, GPX4 knockdown or GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 enhances lipid peroxidation and cell death by BSO/BV6 cotreatment. The discovery of redox regulation of Smac mimetic-induced cell death has important implications for developing rational Smac mimetic-based combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Schoeneberger
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Belz
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Schenk
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
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