1
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Zeng Y, Zhao L, Zeng K, Zhan Z, Zhan Z, Li S, Zhan H, Chai P, Xie C, Ding S, Xie Y, Wang L, Li C, Chen X, Guan D, Bi E, Liao J, Deng F, Bai X, Song Y, Zhou A. TRAF3 loss protects glioblastoma cells from lipid peroxidation and immune elimination via dysregulated lipid metabolism. J Clin Invest 2025; 135:e178550. [PMID: 39932808 PMCID: PMC11957706 DOI: 10.1172/jci178550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2025] [Indexed: 02/13/2025] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive form of brain tumor characterized by dysregulated metabolism. Increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) protects tumor cells from lipid peroxidation-induced cell death, although the precise mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we report that loss of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 (TRAF3) in GBM critically regulated lipid peroxidation and tumorigenesis by controlling the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). TRAF3 was frequently repressed in GBM due to promoter hypermethylation. TRAF3 interacted with enoyl-CoA hydratase 1 (ECH1), an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of unsaturated FAs (UFAs) and mediates K63-linked ubiquitination of ECH1 at Lys214. ECH1 ubiquitination impeded TOMM20-dependent mitochondrial translocation of ECH1, which otherwise promoted the oxidation of UFAs, preferentially the PUFAs, and limited lipid peroxidation. Overexpression of TRAF3 enhanced the sensitivity of GBM to ferroptosis and anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1) immunotherapy in mice. Thus, the TRAF3/ECH1 axis played a key role in the metabolism of PUFAs and was crucial for lipid peroxidation damage and immune elimination in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqian Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kunlin Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziling Zhan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengming Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shangbiao Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Zhan
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Chai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shengfeng Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiying Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxia Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daogang Guan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enguang Bi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyou Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Research Center of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aidong Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Tumor Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Vujovic F, Simonian M, Hughes WE, Shepherd CE, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Mitochondria facilitate neuronal differentiation by metabolising nuclear-encoded RNA. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:450. [PMID: 39327600 PMCID: PMC11425920 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01825-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial activity directs neuronal differentiation dynamics during brain development. In this context, the long-established metabolic coupling of mitochondria and the eukaryotic host falls short of a satisfactory mechanistic explanation, hinting at an undisclosed facet of mitochondrial function. Here, we reveal an RNA-based inter-organellar communication mode that complements metabolic coupling of host-mitochondria and underpins neuronal differentiation. We show that within minutes of exposure to differentiation cues and activation of the electron transport chain, the mitochondrial outer membrane transiently fuses with the nuclear membrane of neural progenitors, leading to efflux of nuclear-encoded RNAs (neRNA) into the positively charged mitochondrial intermembrane space. Subsequent degradation of mitochondrial neRNAs by Polynucleotide phosphorylase 1 (PNPase) located in the intermembrane space curbs the transcriptomic memory of progenitor cells. Further, acquisition of neRNA by mitochondria leads to a collapse of proton motive force, suppression of ATP production, and a resultant amplification of autophagic flux that attenuates proteomic memory. Collectively, these events force the progenitor cells towards a "tipping point" characterised by emergence of a competing neuronal differentiation program. It appears that neuronal differentiation is a consequence of reprogrammed coupling of metabolomic and transcriptomic landscapes of progenitor cells, with mitochondria emerging as key "reprogrammers" that operate by acquiring and metabolising neRNAs. However, the documented role of mitochondria as "reprogrammers" of differentiation remains to be validated in other neuronal lineages and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vujovic
- IDR/WSLHD Research and Education Network, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Simonian
- IDR/WSLHD Research and Education Network, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - William E Hughes
- Children's Medical Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | | | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/WSLHD Research and Education Network, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- IDR/WSLHD Research and Education Network, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia.
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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3
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Hirata R, Mogi Y, Takahashi K, Nozaki H, Higashiyama T, Yoshida Y. Simple prerequisite of presequence for mitochondrial protein import in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262042. [PMID: 38940185 PMCID: PMC11298712 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis relies on hundreds of proteins that are derived from genes encoded in the nucleus. According to the characteristic properties of N-terminal targeting peptides (TPs) and multi-step authentication by the protein translocase called the TOM complex, nascent polypeptides satisfying the requirements are imported into mitochondria. However, it is unknown whether eukaryotic cells with a single mitochondrion per cell have a similar complexity of presequence requirements for mitochondrial protein import compared to other eukaryotes with multiple mitochondria. Based on putative mitochondrial TP sequences in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae, we designed synthetic TPs and showed that functional TPs must have at least one basic residue and a specific amino acid composition, although their physicochemical properties are not strictly determined. Combined with the simple composition of the TOM complex in C. merolae, our results suggest that a regional positive charge in TPs is verified solely by TOM22 for mitochondrial protein import in C. merolae. The simple authentication mechanism indicates that the monomitochondrial C. merolae does not need to increase the cryptographic complexity of the lock-and-key mechanism for mitochondrial protein import.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Hirata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yuko Mogi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Nozaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yamato Yoshida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), PRESTO, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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4
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Ma R, Fan Y, Yang X, Liu C, Wan J, Xu C, Wang R, Feng J, Jiao Z. Detoxification of DON-induced hepatotoxicity in mice by cold atmospheric plasma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116547. [PMID: 38843744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins distributed in food and feed, which causes severe liver injury in humans and animals. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has received much attention in mycotoxin degradation due to the advantages of easy operation, high efficiency, and low temperature. So far, the majority of studies have focused on the degradation efficiency and mechanism of CAP on DON, while there is still little information available on the hepatotoxicity of DON after CAP treatment. Herein, this study aimed to investigate the effect of CAP on DON-induced hepatotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo and its underlying mechanisms. The results showed that 120-s CAP treatment achieved 97 % degradation of DON. The vitro hepatotoxicity of DON in L02 cells was significantly reduced with CAP treatment time. Meanwhile, CAP markedly alleviated DON-induced liver injury in mice including the balloon-like degeneration of liver tissues and elevation of AST and ALP level. The underlying mechanism for CAP detoxification of DON-induced hepatotoxicity was further elucidated. The results showed that DON caused severe oxidative stress in cells by suppressing the antioxidant signaling pathway of Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1, consequently leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis, accompanied by cellular senescence and inflammation. CAP blocked DON inhibition on the Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 signaling pathway through the efficient degradation of DON, accordingly alleviating the oxidative stress and liver injury induced by DON. Therefore, CAP is an effective method to eliminate DON hepatotoxicity, which can be applied in the detoxification of mycotoxin-contaminated food and feed to ensure human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Ma
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yongqin Fan
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xudong Yang
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510800, China
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Cui Xu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ruixue Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Junxia Feng
- Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510800, China.
| | - Zhen Jiao
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Ion-beam Green Agriculture Bioengineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Sanya Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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5
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Raimi OG, Ojha H, Ehses K, Dederer V, Lange SM, Rivera CP, Deegan TD, Chen Y, Wightman M, Toth R, Labib KPM, Mathea S, Ranson N, Fernández-Busnadiego R, Muqit MMK. Mechanism of human PINK1 activation at the TOM complex in a reconstituted system. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadn7191. [PMID: 38848361 PMCID: PMC11160474 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) are a frequent cause of early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). Stabilization of PINK1 at the translocase of outer membrane (TOM) complex of damaged mitochondria is critical for its activation. The mechanism of how PINK1 is activated in the TOM complex is unclear. Here, we report that co-expression of human PINK1 and all seven TOM subunits in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is sufficient for PINK1 activation. We use this reconstitution system to systematically assess the role of each TOM subunit toward PINK1 activation. We unambiguously demonstrate that the TOM20 and TOM70 receptor subunits are required for optimal PINK1 activation and map their sites of interaction with PINK1 using AlphaFold structural modeling and mutagenesis. We also demonstrate an essential role of the pore-containing subunit TOM40 and its structurally associated subunits TOM7 and TOM22 for PINK1 activation. These findings will aid in the development of small-molecule activators of PINK1 as a therapeutic strategy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olawale G. Raimi
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Hina Ojha
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Kenneth Ehses
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Verena Dederer
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven M. Lange
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Cristian Polo Rivera
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Tom D. Deegan
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Yinchen Chen
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Melanie Wightman
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Rachel Toth
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Karim P. M. Labib
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Sebastian Mathea
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
- Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Neil Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rubén Fernández-Busnadiego
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37099 Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Faculty of Physics, University of Göttingen, Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miratul M. K. Muqit
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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6
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Chen S, Collart MA. Membrane-associated mRNAs: A Post-transcriptional Pathway for Fine-turning Gene Expression. J Mol Biol 2024; 436:168579. [PMID: 38648968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2024.168579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Gene expression is a fundamental and highly regulated process involving a series of tightly coordinated steps, including transcription, post-transcriptional processing, translation, and post-translational modifications. A growing number of studies have revealed an additional layer of complexity in gene expression through the phenomenon of mRNA subcellular localization. mRNAs can be organized into membraneless subcellular structures within both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, but they can also targeted to membranes. In this review, we will summarize in particular our knowledge on localization of mRNAs to organelles, focusing on important regulators and available techniques for studying organellar localization, and significance of this localization in the broader context of gene expression regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Martine A Collart
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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7
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Kim HJ, Jin SP, Kang J, Bae SH, Son JB, Oh JH, Youn H, Kim SK, Kang KW, Chung JH. Uncovering the impact of UV radiation on mitochondria in dermal cells: a STED nanoscopy study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8675. [PMID: 38622160 PMCID: PMC11018800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles in cellular energy metabolism and other cellular functions. Mitochondrial dysfunction is closely linked to cellular damage and can potentially contribute to the aging process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the subcellular structure of mitochondria and their activities in various cellular environments using super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy. We examined the morphological dispersion of mitochondria below the diffraction limit in sub-cultured human primary skin fibroblasts and mouse skin tissues. Confocal microscopy provides only the overall morphology of the mitochondrial membrane and an indiscerptible location of nucleoids within the diffraction limit. Conversely, super-resolution STED nanoscopy allowed us to resolve the nanoscale distribution of translocase clusters on the mitochondrial outer membrane and accurately quantify the number of nucleoids per cell in each sample. Comparable results were obtained by analyzing the translocase distribution in the mouse tissues. Furthermore, we precisely and quantitatively analyzed biomolecular distribution in nucleoids, such as the mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), using STED nanoscopy. Our findings highlight the efficacy of super-resolution fluorescence imaging in quantifying aging-related changes on the mitochondrial sub-structure in cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
| | - Seon-Pil Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Jooyoun Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Bae Son
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Oh
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Youn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Seong Keun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
- Department of Biophysics and Chemical Biology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Keon Wook Kang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Bio-MAX Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Jin Ho Chung
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Department of Dermatology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Institute of Human-Environment Interface Biology, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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8
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Wu S, Zhang Y, Xu L, Zhang H, Li Y, Yang L, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Translocase MoTom20 Modulates Mitochondrial Morphology and Is Important for Infectious Growth of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2024; 37:407-415. [PMID: 38171376 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-10-23-0168-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that constantly change their morphology to adapt to the cellular environment through fission and fusion, which is critical for a cell to maintain normal cellular functions. Despite the significance of this process in the development and pathogenicity of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. Here, we identified and characterized a mitochondrial outer membrane translocase, MoTom20, in M. oryzae. Targeted gene deletion revealed that MoTom20 plays an important role in vegetative growth, conidiogenesis, penetration, and infectious growth of M. oryzae. The growth rate, conidial production, appressorium turgor, and pathogenicity are decreased in the ΔMotom20 mutant compared with the wild-type and complemented strains. Further analysis revealed that MoTom20 localizes in mitochondrion and plays a key role in regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion balance, which is critical for infectious growth. Finally, we found that MoTom20 is involved in fatty-acid utilization, and its yeast homolog ScTom20 is able to rescue the defects of ΔMotom20 in mitochondrial morphology and pathogenicity. Overall, our data demonstrate that MoTom20 is a key regulator for mitochondrial morphology maintenance, which is important for infectious growth of the rice blast fungus M. oryzae. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Wu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Lele Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuhe Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Leiyun Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengguang Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, and Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crop Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
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9
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Amrein Almira A, Chen MW, El Demerdash N, Javdan C, Park D, Lee JK, Martin LJ. Proteasome localization and activity in pig brain and in vivo small molecule screening for activators. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1353542. [PMID: 38469354 PMCID: PMC10925635 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1353542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Loss of proteasome function, proteinopathy, and proteotoxicity may cause neurodegeneration across the human lifespan in several forms of brain injury and disease. Drugs that activate brain proteasomes in vivo could thus have a broad therapeutic impact in neurology. Methods Using pigs, a clinically relevant large animal with a functionally compartmental gyrencephalic cerebral cortex, we evaluated the localization and biochemical activity of brain proteasomes and tested the ability of small molecules to activate brain proteasomes. Results By Western blotting, proteasome protein subunit PSMB5 and PSMA3 levels were similar in different pig brain regions. Immunohistochemistry for PSMB5 showed localization in the cytoplasm (diffuse and particulate) and nucleus (cytoplasm < nucleus). Some PSMB5 immunoreactivity was colocalized with mitochondrial (voltage-gated anion channel and cyclophilin D) and cell death (Aven) proteins in the neuronal soma and neuropil in the neocortex of pig and human brains. In the nucleus, PSMB5 immunoreactivity was diffuse, particulate, and clustered, including perinucleolar decorations. By fluorogenic assay, proteasome chymotrypsin-like activities (CTL) in crude tissue soluble fractions were generally similar within eight different pig brain regions. Proteasome CTL activity in the hippocampus was correlated with activity in nasal mucosa biopsies. In pilot analyses of subcellular fractions of pig cerebral cortex, proteasome CTL activity was highest in the cytosol and then ~50% lower in nuclear fractions; ~15-20% of total CTL activity was in pure mitochondrial fractions. With in-gel activity assay, 26S-singly and -doubly capped proteasomes were the dominant forms in the pig cerebral cortex. With a novel in situ histochemical activity assay, MG132-inhibitable proteasome CTL activity was localized to the neuropil, as a mosaic, and to cell bodies, nuclei, and centrosome-like perinuclear satellites. In piglets treated intravenously with pyrazolone derivative and chlorpromazine over 24 h, brain proteasome CTL activity was modestly increased. Discussion This study shows that the proteasome in the pig brain has relative regional uniformity, prominent nuclear and perinuclear presence with catalytic activity, a mitochondrial association with activity, 26S-single cap dominance, and indications from small molecule systemic administration of pyrazolone derivative and chlorpromazine that brain proteasome function appears safely activable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Amrein Almira
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - May W. Chen
- Departments of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nagat El Demerdash
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cameron Javdan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Dongseok Park
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer K. Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lee J. Martin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Pathobiology Graduate Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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10
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Calabrese C, Nolte H, Pitman MR, Ganesan R, Lampe P, Laboy R, Ripa R, Fischer J, Polara R, Panda SK, Chipurupalli S, Gutierrez S, Thomas D, Pitson SM, Antebi A, Robinson N. Mitochondrial translocation of TFEB regulates complex I and inflammation. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:704-724. [PMID: 38263327 PMCID: PMC10897448 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-024-00058-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
TFEB is a master regulator of autophagy, lysosome biogenesis, mitochondrial metabolism, and immunity that works primarily through transcription controlled by cytosol-to-nuclear translocation. Emerging data indicate additional regulatory interactions at the surface of organelles such as lysosomes. Here we show that TFEB has a non-transcriptional role in mitochondria, regulating the electron transport chain complex I to down-modulate inflammation. Proteomics analysis reveals extensive TFEB co-immunoprecipitation with several mitochondrial proteins, whose interactions are disrupted upon infection with S. Typhimurium. High resolution confocal microscopy and biochemistry confirms TFEB localization in the mitochondrial matrix. TFEB translocation depends on a conserved N-terminal TOMM20-binding motif and is enhanced by mTOR inhibition. Within the mitochondria, TFEB and protease LONP1 antagonistically co-regulate complex I, reactive oxygen species and the inflammatory response. Consequently, during infection, lack of TFEB specifically in the mitochondria exacerbates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to innate immune pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Calabrese
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hendrik Nolte
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Melissa R Pitman
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Philipp Lampe
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raymond Laboy
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roberto Ripa
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Fischer
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Molecular Medicine Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruhi Polara
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sameer Kumar Panda
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Saray Gutierrez
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Thomas
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Stuart M Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adam Antebi
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
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11
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Reed AL, Mitchell W, Alexandrescu AT, Alder NN. Interactions of amyloidogenic proteins with mitochondrial protein import machinery in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1263420. [PMID: 38028797 PMCID: PMC10652799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1263420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most mitochondrial proteins are targeted to the organelle by N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequences (MTSs, or "presequences") that are recognized by the import machinery and subsequently cleaved to yield the mature protein. MTSs do not have conserved amino acid compositions, but share common physicochemical properties, including the ability to form amphipathic α-helical structures enriched with basic and hydrophobic residues on alternating faces. The lack of strict sequence conservation implies that some polypeptides can be mistargeted to mitochondria, especially under cellular stress. The pathogenic accumulation of proteins within mitochondria is implicated in many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Mechanistically, these diseases may originate in part from mitochondrial interactions with amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) or its cleavage product amyloid-β (Aβ), α-synuclein (α-syn), and mutant forms of huntingtin (mHtt), respectively, that are mediated in part through their associations with the mitochondrial protein import machinery. Emerging evidence suggests that these amyloidogenic proteins may present cryptic targeting signals that act as MTS mimetics and can be recognized by mitochondrial import receptors and transported into different mitochondrial compartments. Accumulation of these mistargeted proteins could overwhelm the import machinery and its associated quality control mechanisms, thereby contributing to neurological disease progression. Alternatively, the uptake of amyloidogenic proteins into mitochondria may be part of a protein quality control mechanism for clearance of cytotoxic proteins. Here we review the pathomechanisms of these diseases as they relate to mitochondrial protein import and effects on mitochondrial function, what features of APP/Aβ, α-syn and mHtt make them suitable substrates for the import machinery, and how this information can be leveraged for the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Reed
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Wayne Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Andrei T. Alexandrescu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nathan N. Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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12
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Huang B, Xie L, Ke M, Fan Y, Tan J, Ran J, Zhu C. Programmed Release METTL3-14 Inhibitor Microneedle Protects Myocardial Function by Reducing Drp1 m6A Modification-Mediated Mitochondrial Fission. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46583-46597. [PMID: 37752784 PMCID: PMC10573327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
M6A modification is an RNA-important processing event mediated by methyltransferases METTL3 and METTL14 and the demethylases. M6A dynamic changes after myocardial infarction (MI), involved in the massive loss of cardiomyocytes due to hypoxia, as well as the recruitment and activation of myofibroblasts. Balanced mitochondrial fusion and fission are essential to maintain intracardiac homeostasis and reduce poststress myocardial remodeling. Double-layer programmed drug release microneedle (DPDMN) breaks the limitations of existing therapeutic interventions in one period or one type of cells, and multitargeted cellular combination has more potential in MI therapy. By employing hypoxia-ischemic and TGF-β1-induced fibrosis cell models, we found that METTL3-14 inhibition effectively decreased cardiomyocyte death through the reduction of mitochondrial fragmentation and inhibiting myofibrillar transformation. DPDMN treatment of MI in rat models showed improved cardiac function and decreased infarct size and fibrosis level, demonstrating its superior effectiveness. The DPDMN delivers METTL3 inhibitor swiftly in the early phase to rescue dying cardiomyocytes and slowly in the late phase to achieve long-term suppression of fibroblast over proliferation, collagen synthesis, and deposition. RIP assay and mechanistic investigation confirmed that METTL3 inhibition reduced the translation efficiency of Drp1 mRNA by 5'UTR m6A modification, thus decreasing the Drp1 protein level and mitochondrial fragment after hypoxic-ischemic injury. This project investigated the efficacy of DPDMNs-loaded METTL3 inhibitor in MI treatment and the downstream signaling pathway proteins, providing an experimental foundation for the translation of the utility, safety, and versatility of microneedle drug delivery for MI into clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyue Huang
- Department
of Anatomy, and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering,
Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical
University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Liu Xie
- Department
of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological
Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering
of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Department
of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Hunan
Medical College, Huaihua 418000, China
| | - Ming Ke
- Department
of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological
Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering
of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yonghong Fan
- Department
of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological
Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering
of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ju Tan
- Department
of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological
Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering
of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jianhua Ran
- Department
of Anatomy, and Laboratory of Neuroscience and Tissue Engineering,
Basic Medical College, Chongqing Medical
University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chuhong Zhu
- Department
of Anatomy, Engineering Research Center for Organ Intelligent Biological
Manufacturing of Chongqing, Key Lab for Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering
of Chongqing, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Tissue and Organ Regeneration and Manufacturing,
Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400038, China
- Burn
and Combined Injury, State Key Laboratory
of Trauma, Chongqing 400038, China
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13
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Ornelas P, Bausewein T, Martin J, Morgner N, Nussberger S, Kühlbrandt W. Two conformations of the Tom20 preprotein receptor in the TOM holo complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2301447120. [PMID: 37579144 PMCID: PMC10450662 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2301447120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The TOM complex is the main entry point for precursor proteins (preproteins) into mitochondria. Preproteins containing targeting sequences are recognized by the TOM complex and imported into mitochondria. We have determined the structure of the TOM core complex from Neurospora crassa by single-particle electron cryomicroscopy at 3.3 Å resolution, showing its interaction with a bound preprotein at 4 Å resolution, and of the TOM holo complex including the Tom20 receptor at 6 to 7 Å resolution. TOM is a transmembrane complex consisting of two β-barrels, three receptor subunits, and three short transmembrane subunits. Tom20 has a transmembrane helix and a receptor domain on the cytoplasmic side. We propose that Tom20 acts as a dynamic gatekeeper, guiding preproteins into the pores of the TOM complex. We analyze the interactions of Tom20 with other TOM subunits, present insights into the structure of the TOM holo complex, and suggest a translocation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Ornelas
- Department of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt60438, Germany
| | - Thomas Bausewein
- Department of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt60438, Germany
| | - Janosch Martin
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt60439, Germany
| | - Nina Morgner
- Department of Structural Biology, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt60439, Germany
| | - Stephan Nussberger
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart70569, Germany
| | - Werner Kühlbrandt
- Department of Structural Biology, Max-Planck-Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt60438, Germany
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14
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Takakura Y, Suzuki T, Hirai N, Araki T, Ohishi M, Sato H, Yamaguchi N, Takano H, Yamaguchi N. VGLL3 confers slow-twitch muscle differentiation via PGC-1α expression in C2C12 myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 669:30-37. [PMID: 37262950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.05.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Vestigial-like family member 3 (VGLL3) is a cofactor for the TEA-domain transcription factor (TEAD) family. Although VGLL3 influences myogenic differentiation, its involvement in slow- and fast-twitch fiber specification remains unknown. In this study, we established a cell line stably overexpressing VGLL3 and analyzed effects of VGLL3 on the myogenic differentiation of murine myoblast C2C12 cells. We found that VGLL3 expression promotes slow-twitch muscle differentiation. Mechanistically, VGLL3 expression induced the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), a master transcriptional regulator of slow-twitch muscle development. We also found that VGLL3 proteins are degraded by the proteasome, which causes switching of TEAD cofactors from VGLL3 to Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ). These results suggest that the balance between the two kinds of TEAD cofactors VGLL3 and YAP/TAZ controls muscle fiber-type specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takakura
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, 260-8675, Chiba University, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takayuki Suzuki
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Hirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Takuro Araki
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, 260-8675, Chiba University, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Mai Ohishi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, 260-8675, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takano
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, 260-8675, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Noritaka Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, 260-8675, Chiba University, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan.
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15
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Nashed S, El Barbry H, Benchouaia M, Dijoux-Maréchal A, Delaveau T, Ruiz-Gutierrez N, Gaulier L, Tribouillard-Tanvier D, Chevreux G, Le Crom S, Palancade B, Devaux F, Laine E, Garcia M. Functional mapping of N-terminal residues in the yeast proteome uncovers novel determinants for mitochondrial protein import. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010848. [PMID: 37585488 PMCID: PMC10482271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
N-terminal ends of polypeptides are critical for the selective co-translational recruitment of N-terminal modification enzymes. However, it is unknown whether specific N-terminal signatures differentially regulate protein fate according to their cellular functions. In this work, we developed an in-silico approach to detect functional preferences in cellular N-terminomes, and identified in S. cerevisiae more than 200 Gene Ontology terms with specific N-terminal signatures. In particular, we discovered that Mitochondrial Targeting Sequences (MTS) show a strong and specific over-representation at position 2 of hydrophobic residues known to define potential substrates of the N-terminal acetyltransferase NatC. We validated mitochondrial precursors as co-translational targets of NatC by selective purification of translating ribosomes, and found that their N-terminal signature is conserved in Saccharomycotina yeasts. Finally, systematic mutagenesis of the position 2 in a prototypal yeast mitochondrial protein confirmed its critical role in mitochondrial protein import. Our work highlights the hydrophobicity of MTS N-terminal residues and their targeting by NatC as important features for the definition of the mitochondrial proteome, providing a molecular explanation for mitochondrial defects observed in yeast or human NatC-depleted cells. Functional mapping of N-terminal residues thus has the potential to support the discovery of novel mechanisms of protein regulation or targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salomé Nashed
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Houssam El Barbry
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Médine Benchouaia
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Angélie Dijoux-Maréchal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Delaveau
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Ruiz-Gutierrez
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Lucie Gaulier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Le Crom
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Devaux
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Laine
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Garcia
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Paris, France
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16
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Liang HZ, Lu PX, Chu LL, Li G, Li CB, Chen XJ, Zhang J, Song J, Zhang T, Luo Y, Hu Y, Ma BP. Dammarane-type saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and their anti-aging activities via up-regulating mitochondria related proteins. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023:113744. [PMID: 37301356 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The importance of mitochondria in regulation of aging has been extensively recognized and confirmed. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino, a homology of medicine and food, has been widely utilized as dietary supplement. In this study, the transcriptome of normal cells (wild type mouse embryo fibroblasts) regulated by the 30% aqueous EtOH extract of G. pentaphyllum was firstly evaluated by RNA sequencing and the results revealed that the G. pentaphyllum could up-regulate the genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and sirtuin (SIRT) signaling pathways, indicating its effect in promoting cell viability might be attributed to the role of improving mitochondrial functions. To further discover the bioactive compounds, sixteen undescribed dammarane-type saponins along with twenty-eight known analogues were isolated from the active extract of G. pentaphyllum. Their structures were elucidated by means of comprehensive analysis of NMR and HRMS spectroscopic data. All isolates were evaluated for the regulatory effects on SIRT3 and translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20), and thirteen of them exhibited satisfactory agonist activities on both SIRT3 and TOM20 at 5 μM. Furthermore, the preliminary structure-activity relationships analysis demonstrated the additional hydroxymethyl and carbonyl groups or less sugar residues in saponins could contribute positively to the up-regulatory effect on SIRT3 and TOM20. These findings encouraged the potential roles of G. pentaphyllum and its bioactive saponins in the development of natural drugs for the treatment of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Zhen Liang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Peng-Xin Lu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Li-Li Chu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chuan-Biao Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Chen
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Juan Song
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- AnKang Chia Tai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Shaanxi, 725000, China
| | - Ying Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China.
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China.
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17
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Yan MQ, Wang Y, Wang Z, Liu XH, Yang YM, Duan XY, Sun H, Liu XM. Mitoguardin2 Is Associated With Hyperandrogenism and Regulates Steroidogenesis in Human Ovarian Granulosa Cells. J Endocr Soc 2023; 7:bvad034. [PMID: 36936714 PMCID: PMC10016062 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvad034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrinopathy characterized by hyperandrogenism, anovulation, and polycystic ovaries, in which hyperandrogenism manifests by excess androgen and other steroid hormone abnormalities. Mitochondrial fusion is essential in steroidogenesis, while the role of mitochondrial fusion in granulosa cells of hyperandrogenic PCOS patients remains unclear. In this study, mRNA expression of mitochondrial fusion genes mitoguardin1, -2 (MIGA 1, -2) was significantly increased in granulosa cells of hyperandrogenic PCOS but not PCOS with normal androgen levels, their mRNA expression positively correlated with testosterone levels. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment in mice led to high expression of MIGA2 in granulosa cells of ovulating follicles. Testosterone or forskolin/ phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatments increased expression of MIGA2 and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) in KGN cells. MIGA2 interacted with StAR and induced StAR localization on mitochondria. Furthermore, MIGA2 overexpression significantly increased cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA) and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK) at T172 but inhibited StAR protein expression. However, MIGA2 overexpression increased CYP11A1, HSD3B2, and CYP19A1 mRNA expression. As a result, MIGA2 overexpression decreased progesterone but increased estradiol synthesis. Besides the androgen receptor, testosterone or DHT might also regulate MIGA2 and pAMPK (T172) through LH/choriogonadotropin receptor-mediated PKA signaling. Taken together, these findings indicate that testosterone regulates MIGA2 via PKA/AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in ovarian granulosa cells. It is suggested mitochondrial fusion in ovarian granulosa cells is associated with hyperandrogenism and potentially leads to abnormal steroidogenesis in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Qi Yan
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Liu
- Department of Infection Control, Jen Ching Memorial Hospital, Kunshan 215300, China
| | - Yu-Meng Yang
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Duan
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Xiao-Man Liu
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan 250021, China
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18
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Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Suárez-Rivero JM, Romero-Domínguez JM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. mtUPR Modulation as a Therapeutic Target for Primary and Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021482. [PMID: 36674998 PMCID: PMC9865803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological event in many diseases. Its role in energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis regulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance render mitochondria essential for cell survival and fitness. However, there are no effective treatments for most primary and secondary mitochondrial diseases to this day. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches, such as the modulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), are being explored. mtUPRs englobe several compensatory processes related to proteostasis and antioxidant system mechanisms. mtUPR activation, through an overcompensation for mild intracellular stress, promotes cell homeostasis and improves lifespan and disease alterations in biological models of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases, cardiopathies, metabolic disorders, and primary mitochondrial diseases. Although mtUPR activation is a promising therapeutic option for many pathological conditions, its activation could promote tumor progression in cancer patients, and its overactivation could lead to non-desired side effects, such as the increased heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA mutations. In this review, we present the most recent data about mtUPR modulation as a therapeutic approach, its role in diseases, and its potential negative consequences in specific pathological situations.
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19
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Han X, Maita N, Shimada A, Kohda D. Effects of targeting signal mutations in a mitochondrial presequence on the spatial distribution of the conformational ensemble in the binding site of Tom20. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4433. [PMID: 36173160 PMCID: PMC9490799 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The 20-kDa TOM (translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane) subunit, Tom20, is the first receptor of the protein import pathway into mitochondria. Tom20 recognizes the mitochondrial targeting signal embedded in the presequences attached to mature mitochondrial proteins, as an N-terminal extension. Consequently, ~1,000 different mitochondrial proteins are sorted into the mitochondrial matrix, and distinguished from non-mitochondrial proteins. We previously reported the MPRIDE (multiple partial recognitions in dynamic equilibrium) mechanism to explain the structural basis of the promiscuous recognition of presequences by Tom20. A subset of the targeting signal features is recognized in each pose of the presequence in the binding state, and all of the features are collectively recognized in the dynamic equilibrium between the poses. Here, we changed the volumes of the hydrophobic side chains in the targeting signal, while maintaining the binding affinity. We tethered the mutated presequences to the binding site of Tom20 and placed them in the crystal contact-free space (CCFS) created in the crystal lattice. The spatial distributions of the mutated presequences were visualized as smeared electron densities in the low-pass filtered difference maps obtained by X-ray crystallography. The mutated presequence ensembles shifted their positions in the binding state to accommodate the larger side chains, thus providing positive evidence supporting the use of the MPRIDE mechanism in the promiscuous recognition by Tom20.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiling Han
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Nobuo Maita
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and TechnologyChibaJapan
| | - Atsushi Shimada
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Daisuke Kohda
- Division of Structural Biology, Medical Institute of BioregulationKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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20
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Zhang L, Chen X, Cai P, Sun H, Shen S, Guo B, Jiang Q. Reprogramming Mitochondrial Metabolism in Synovial Macrophages of Early Osteoarthritis by a Camouflaged Meta-Defensome. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202715. [PMID: 35671349 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a low-grade inflammatory and progressive joint disease, and its progression is closely associated with an imbalance in M1/M2 synovial macrophages. Repolarizing pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype is emerging as a strategy to alleviate OA progression but is compromised by unsatisfactory efficiency. In this study, the reprogramming of mitochondrial dysfunction is pioneered with a camouflaged meta-Defensome, which can transform M1 synovial macrophages into the M2 phenotype with a high efficiency of 82.3%. The meta-Defensome recognizes activated macrophages via receptor-ligand interactions and accumulates in the mitochondria through electrostatic attractions. These meta-Defensomes are macrophage-membrane-coated polymeric nanoparticles decorated with dual ligands and co-loaded with S-methylisothiourea and MnO2 . Meta-Defensomes are demonstrated to successfully reprogram the mitochondrial metabolism of M1 macrophages by scavenging mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and inhibiting mitochondrial NO synthase, thereby increasing mitochondrial transcription factor A expression and restoring aerobic respiration. Furthermore, meta-Defensomes are intravenously injected into collagenase-induced osteoarthritis mice and effectively suppress synovial inflammation and progression of early OA, as evident from the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score. Therefore, reprogramming the mitochondrial metabolism can serve as a novel and practical approach to repolarize M1 synovial macrophages. The camouflaged meta-Defensomes are a promising therapeutic agent for impeding OA progression in tclinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Pingqiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
- Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, P. R. China
| | - Han Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Baosheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, P. R. China
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21
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Liu W, Zhou H, Wang H, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Willard B, Liu C, Kang Z, Li X, Li X. IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis reprograms lipogenesis in adipocytes to promote diet-induced obesity in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2748. [PMID: 35585086 PMCID: PMC9117277 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors/Interleukin-1 receptor signaling plays an important role in high-fat diet-induced adipose tissue dysfunction contributing to obesity-associated metabolic syndromes. Here, we show an unconventional IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis in adipocytes that reprograms lipogenesis to promote diet-induced obesity. Adipocyte-specific deficiency of IRAKM reduces high-fat diet-induced body weight gain, increases whole body energy expenditure and improves insulin resistance, associated with decreased lipid accumulation and adipocyte cell sizes. IL-1β stimulation induces the translocation of IRAKM Myddosome to mitochondria to promote de novo lipogenesis in adipocytes. Mechanistically, IRAKM interacts with and phosphorylates mitochondrial citrate carrier Slc25a1 to promote IL-1β-induced mitochondrial citrate transport to cytosol and de novo lipogenesis. Moreover, IRAKM-Slc25a1 axis mediates IL-1β induced Pgc1a acetylation to regulate thermogenic gene expression in adipocytes. IRAKM kinase-inactivation also attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity. Taken together, our study suggests that the IL-1R-IRAKM-Slc25a1 signaling axis tightly links inflammation and adipocyte metabolism, indicating a potential therapeutic target for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.,Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Quanri Zhang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Renliang Zhang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Caini Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Zizhen Kang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Xiao Li
- Center for RNA Science and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Computer and Data Sciences, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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22
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Sayyed UMH, Mahalakshmi R. Mitochondrial protein translocation machinery: From TOM structural biogenesis to functional regulation. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101870. [PMID: 35346689 PMCID: PMC9052162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The human mitochondrial outer membrane is biophysically unique as it is the only membrane possessing transmembrane β-barrel proteins (mitochondrial outer membrane proteins, mOMPs) in the cell. The most vital of the three mOMPs is the core protein of the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex. Identified first as MOM38 in Neurospora in 1990, the structure of Tom40, the core 19-stranded β-barrel translocation channel, was solved in 2017, after nearly three decades. Remarkably, the past four years have witnessed an exponential increase in structural and functional studies of yeast and human TOM complexes. In addition to being conserved across all eukaryotes, the TOM complex is the sole ATP-independent import machinery for nearly all of the ∼1000 to 1500 known mitochondrial proteins. Recent cryo-EM structures have provided detailed insight into both possible assembly mechanisms of the TOM core complex and organizational dynamics of the import machinery and now reveal novel regulatory interplay with other mOMPs. Functional characterization of the TOM complex using biochemical and structural approaches has also revealed mechanisms for substrate recognition and at least five defined import pathways for precursor proteins. In this review, we discuss the discovery, recently solved structures, molecular function, and regulation of the TOM complex and its constituents, along with the implications these advances have for alleviating human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulfat Mohd Hanif Sayyed
- Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, India
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23
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Jishi A, Qi X. Altered Mitochondrial Protein Homeostasis and Proteinopathies. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:867935. [PMID: 35571369 PMCID: PMC9095842 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.867935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence implicates mitochondrial dysfunction as key in the development and progression of various forms of neurodegeneration. The multitude of functions carried out by mitochondria necessitates a tight regulation of protein import, dynamics, and turnover; this regulation is achieved via several, often overlapping pathways that function at different levels. The development of several major neurodegenerative diseases is associated with dysregulation of these pathways, and growing evidence suggests direct interactions between some pathogenic proteins and mitochondria. When these pathways are compromised, so is mitochondrial function, and the resulting deficits in bioenergetics, trafficking, and mitophagy can exacerbate pathogenic processes. In this review, we provide an overview of the regulatory mechanisms employed by mitochondria to maintain protein homeostasis and discuss the failure of these mechanisms in the context of several major proteinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Qi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
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24
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Schneider A. Evolution and diversification of mitochondrial protein import systems. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 75:102077. [PMID: 35390639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
More than 95% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nucleus, synthesised in the cytosol and imported into the organelle. The evolution of mitochondrial protein import systems was therefore a prerequisite for the conversion of the α-proteobacterial mitochondrial ancestor into an organelle. Here, I review that the origin of the mitochondrial outer membrane import receptors can best be understood by convergent evolution. Subsequently, I discuss an evolutionary scenario that was proposed to explain the diversification of the inner membrane carrier protein translocases between yeast and mammals. Finally, I illustrate a scenario that can explain how the two specialised inner membrane protein translocase complexes found in most eukaryotes were reduced to a single multifunctional one in trypanosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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25
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Molecular mechanisms of coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: focus on mitochondrial quality surveillance. Angiogenesis 2022; 25:307-329. [PMID: 35303170 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-022-09835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction is both a culprit and a victim of diabetes, and can accelerate diabetes-related microvascular and macrovascular complications by promoting vasoconstrictive, pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic responses. Perturbed mitochondrial function induces oxidative stress, disrupts metabolism and activates apoptosis in endothelial cells, thus exacerbating the progression of coronary microvascular complications in diabetes. The mitochondrial quality surveillance (MQS) system responds to stress by altering mitochondrial metabolism, dynamics (fission and fusion), mitophagy and biogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria are prone to fission, which generates two distinct types of mitochondria: one with a normal and the other with a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential. Mitochondrial fusion and mitophagy can restore the membrane potential and homeostasis of defective mitochondrial fragments. Mitophagy-induced decreases in the mitochondrial population can be reversed by mitochondrial biogenesis. MQS abnormalities induce pathological mitochondrial fission, delayed mitophagy, impaired metabolism and defective biogenesis, thus promoting the accumulation of unhealthy mitochondria and the activation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. In this review, we examine the effects of MQS on mitochondrial fitness and explore the association of MQS disorders with coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. We also discuss the potential to treat diabetes-related coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction using novel MQS-altering drugs.
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26
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Araiso Y, Imai K, Endo T. Role of the TOM Complex in Protein Import into Mitochondria: Structural Views. Annu Rev Biochem 2022; 91:679-703. [PMID: 35287471 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are central to energy production, metabolism and signaling, and apoptosis. To make new mitochondria from preexisting mitochondria, the cell needs to import mitochondrial proteins from the cytosol into the mitochondria with the aid of translocators in the mitochondrial membranes. The translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, an outer membrane translocator, functions as an entry gate for most mitochondrial proteins. Although high-resolution structures of the receptor subunits of the TOM complex were deposited in the early 2000s, those of entire TOM complexes became available only in 2019. The structural details of these TOM complexes, consisting of the dimer of the β-barrel import channel Tom40 and four α-helical membrane proteins, revealed the presence of several distinct paths and exits for the translocation of over 1,000 different mitochondrial precursor proteins. High-resolution structures of TOM complexes now open up a new era of studies on the structures, functions, and dynamics of the mitochondrial import system. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Biochemistry, Volume 91 is June 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhei Araiso
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Imai
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Endo
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan; .,Institute for Protein Dynamics, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
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27
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Genge MG, Mokranjac D. Coordinated Translocation of Presequence-Containing Precursor Proteins Across Two Mitochondrial Membranes: Knowns and Unknowns of How TOM and TIM23 Complexes Cooperate With Each Other. Front Physiol 2022; 12:806426. [PMID: 35069261 PMCID: PMC8770809 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.806426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The vast majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the nuclear genome and synthesized on cytosolic ribosomes as precursor proteins with specific mitochondrial targeting signals. Mitochondrial targeting signals are very diverse, however, about 70% of mitochondrial proteins carry cleavable, N-terminal extensions called presequences. These amphipathic helices with one positively charged and one hydrophobic surface target proteins to the mitochondrial matrix with the help of the TOM and TIM23 complexes in the outer and inner membranes, respectively. Translocation of proteins across the two mitochondrial membranes does not take place independently of each other. Rather, in the intermembrane space, where the two complexes meet, components of the TOM and TIM23 complexes form an intricate network of protein-protein interactions that mediates initially transfer of presequences and then of the entire precursor proteins from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane. In this Mini Review, we summarize our current understanding of how the TOM and TIM23 complexes cooperate with each other and highlight some of the future challenges and unresolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dejana Mokranjac
- Biozentrum — Department of Cell Biology, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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28
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Banerjee B, Khrystoforova I, Polis B, Zvi IB, Karasik D. Acute hypoxia elevates arginase 2 and induces polyamine stress response in zebrafish via evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:41. [PMID: 34913090 PMCID: PMC11072480 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms repeatedly encounter stressful events and apply various strategies to survive. Polyamines are omnipresent bioactive molecules with multiple functions. Their transient synthesis, inducible by numerous stressful stimuli, is termed the polyamine stress response. Animals developed evolutionarily conserved strategies to cope with stresses. The urea cycle is an ancient attribute that deals with ammonia excess in terrestrial species. Remarkably, most fish retain the urea cycle genes fully expressed during the early stages of development and silenced in adult animals. Environmental challenges instigate urea synthesis in fish despite substantial energetic costs, which poses the question of the urea cycle's evolutionary significance. Arginase plays a critical role in oxidative stress-dependent reactions being the final urea cycle enzyme. Its unique subcellular localization, high inducibility, and several regulation levels provide a supreme ability to control the polyamine synthesis rate. Notably, oxidative stress instigates the arginase-1 activity in mammals. Arginase is also dysregulated in aging organisms' brain and muscle tissues, indicating its role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases. We designed a study to investigate the levels of the urea cycle and polyamine synthesis-related enzymes in a fish model of acute hypoxia. We evidence synchronized elevation of arginase-2 and ornithine decarboxylase following oxidative stress in adult fish and aging animals signifying the specific function of arginase-2 in fish. Moreover, we demonstrate oxidative stress-associated polyamine synthesis' induction and urea cycle' arrest in adult fish. The subcellular arginase localization found in the fish seems to correspond to its possible evolutionary roles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Baruh Polis
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| | - Inbar Ben Zvi
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
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29
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New-Aaron M, Thomes PG, Ganesan M, Dagur RS, Donohue TM, Kusum KK, Poluektova LY, Osna NA. Alcohol-Induced Lysosomal Damage and Suppression of Lysosome Biogenesis Contribute to Hepatotoxicity in HIV-Exposed Liver Cells. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1497. [PMID: 34680130 PMCID: PMC8533635 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the causes of hepatotoxicity among alcohol-abusing HIV patients are multifactorial, alcohol remains the least explored "second hit" for HIV-related hepatotoxicity. Here, we investigated whether metabolically derived acetaldehyde impairs lysosomes to enhance HIV-induced hepatotoxicity. We exposed Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-expressing Huh 7.5 (also known as RLW) cells to an acetaldehyde-generating system (AGS) for 24 h. We then infected (or not) the cells with HIV-1ADA then exposed them again to AGS for another 48 h. Lysosome damage was assessed by galectin 3/LAMP1 co-localization and cathepsin leakage. Expression of lysosome biogenesis-transcription factor, TFEB, was measured by its protein levels and by in situ immunofluorescence. Exposure of cells to both AGS + HIV caused the greatest amount of lysosome leakage and its impaired lysosomal biogenesis, leading to intrinsic apoptosis. Furthermore, the movement of TFEB from cytosol to the nucleus via microtubules was impaired by AGS exposure. The latter impairment appeared to occur by acetylation of α-tubulin. Moreover, ZKSCAN3, a repressor of lysosome gene activation by TFEB, was amplified by AGS. Both these changes contributed to AGS-elicited disruption of lysosome biogenesis. Our findings indicate that metabolically generated acetaldehyde damages lysosomes and likely prevents their repair and restoration, thereby exacerbating HIV-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moses New-Aaron
- Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health, and Toxicology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (P.G.T.); (M.G.); (R.S.D.); (T.M.D.J.); (K.K.K.)
| | - Paul G. Thomes
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (P.G.T.); (M.G.); (R.S.D.); (T.M.D.J.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Murali Ganesan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (P.G.T.); (M.G.); (R.S.D.); (T.M.D.J.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Raghubendra Singh Dagur
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (P.G.T.); (M.G.); (R.S.D.); (T.M.D.J.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Terrence M. Donohue
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (P.G.T.); (M.G.); (R.S.D.); (T.M.D.J.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Kharbanda K. Kusum
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (P.G.T.); (M.G.); (R.S.D.); (T.M.D.J.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
| | - Larisa Y. Poluektova
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
| | - Natalia A. Osna
- Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health, and Toxicology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105, USA; (P.G.T.); (M.G.); (R.S.D.); (T.M.D.J.); (K.K.K.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68105, USA;
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30
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Dimogkioka AR, Lees J, Lacko E, Tokatlidis K. Protein import in mitochondria biogenesis: guided by targeting signals and sustained by dedicated chaperones. RSC Adv 2021; 11:32476-32493. [PMID: 35495482 PMCID: PMC9041937 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra04497d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria have a central role in cellular metabolism; they are responsible for the biosynthesis of amino acids, lipids, iron-sulphur clusters and regulate apoptosis. About 99% of mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes, so the biogenesis of mitochondria heavily depends on protein import pathways into the organelle. An intricate system of well-studied import machinery facilitates the import of mitochondrial proteins. In addition, folding of the newly synthesized proteins takes place in a busy environment. A system of folding helper proteins, molecular chaperones and co-chaperones, are present to maintain proper conformation and thus avoid protein aggregation and premature damage. The components of the import machinery are well characterised, but the targeting signals and how they are recognised and decoded remains in some cases unclear. Here we provide some detail on the types of targeting signals involved in the protein import process. Furthermore, we discuss the very elaborate chaperone systems of the intermembrane space that are needed to overcome the particular challenges for the folding process in this compartment. The mechanisms that sustain productive folding in the face of aggregation and damage in mitochondria are critical components of the stress response and play an important role in cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Roza Dimogkioka
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland UK
| | - Jamie Lees
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland UK
| | - Erik Lacko
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland UK
| | - Kostas Tokatlidis
- Institute of Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow University Avenue Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland UK
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31
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Zhou H, Ren J, Toan S, Mui D. Role of mitochondrial quality surveillance in myocardial infarction: From bench to bedside. Ageing Res Rev 2021; 66:101250. [PMID: 33388396 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is the irreversible death of cardiomyocyte secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen or fresh blood supply. Historically considered as merely cardiomyocyte powerhouse that manufactures ATP and other metabolites, mitochondrion is recently being identified as a signal regulator that is implicated in the crosstalk and signal integration of cardiomyocyte contraction, metabolism, inflammation, and death. Mitochondria quality surveillance is an integrated network system modifying mitochondrial structure and function through the coordination of various processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion, biogenesis, bioenergetics, proteostasis, and degradation via mitophagy. Mitochondrial fission favors the elimination of depolarized mitochondria through mitophagy, whereas mitochondrial fusion preserves the mitochondrial network upon stress through integration of two or more small mitochondria into an interconnected phenotype. Mitochondrial biogenesis represents a regenerative program to replace old and damaged mitochondria with new and healthy ones. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is regulated by a metabolic switch between glucose and fatty acid usage, depending on oxygen availability. To maintain the diversity and function of mitochondrial proteins, a specialized protein quality control machinery regulates protein dynamics and function through the activity of chaperones and proteases, and induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. In this review, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms governing mitochondrial quality surveillance and highlight the most recent preclinical and clinical therapeutic approaches to restore mitochondrial fitness during both MI and post-MI heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Jun Ren
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - David Mui
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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32
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Zarin T, Strome B, Peng G, Pritišanac I, Forman-Kay JD, Moses AM. Identifying molecular features that are associated with biological function of intrinsically disordered protein regions. eLife 2021; 10:e60220. [PMID: 33616531 PMCID: PMC7932695 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In previous work, we showed that intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) of proteins contain sequence-distributed molecular features that are conserved over evolution, despite little sequence similarity that can be detected in alignments (Zarin et al., 2019). Here, we aim to use these molecular features to predict specific biological functions for individual IDRs and identify the molecular features within them that are associated with these functions. We find that the predictable functions are diverse. Examining the associated molecular features, we note some that are consistent with previous reports and identify others that were previously unknown. We experimentally confirm that elevated isoelectric point and hydrophobicity, features that are positively associated with mitochondrial localization, are necessary for mitochondrial targeting function. Remarkably, increasing isoelectric point in a synthetic IDR restores weak mitochondrial targeting. We believe feature analysis represents a new systematic approach to understand how biological functions of IDRs are specified by their protein sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Zarin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Bob Strome
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Gang Peng
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Iva Pritišanac
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
| | - Alan M Moses
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of TorontoTorontoCanada
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33
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Rout S, Oeljeklaus S, Makki A, Tachezy J, Warscheid B, Schneider A. Determinism and contingencies shaped the evolution of mitochondrial protein import. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2017774118. [PMID: 33526678 PMCID: PMC8017667 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2017774118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein import requires outer membrane receptors that evolved independently in different lineages. Here we used quantitative proteomics and in vitro binding assays to investigate the substrate preferences of ATOM46 and ATOM69, the two mitochondrial import receptors of Trypanosoma brucei The results show that ATOM46 prefers presequence-containing, hydrophilic proteins that lack transmembrane domains (TMDs), whereas ATOM69 prefers presequence-lacking, hydrophobic substrates that have TMDs. Thus, the ATOM46/yeast Tom20 and the ATOM69/yeast Tom70 pairs have similar substrate preferences. However, ATOM46 mainly uses electrostatic, and Tom20 hydrophobic, interactions for substrate binding. In vivo replacement of T. brucei ATOM46 by yeast Tom20 did not restore import. However, replacement of ATOM69 by the recently discovered Tom36 receptor of Trichomonas hydrogenosomes, while not allowing for growth, restored import of a large subset of trypanosomal proteins that lack TMDs. Thus, even though ATOM69 and Tom36 share the same domain structure and topology, they have different substrate preferences. The study establishes complementation experiments, combined with quantitative proteomics, as a highly versatile and sensitive method to compare in vivo preferences of protein import receptors. Moreover, it illustrates the role determinism and contingencies played in the evolution of mitochondrial protein import receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rout
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silke Oeljeklaus
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Abhijith Makki
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Tachezy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, 12843 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Warscheid
- Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Institute of Biology II, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - André Schneider
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;
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34
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Zhou H, Wang H, Yu M, Schugar RC, Qian W, Tang F, Liu W, Yang H, McDowell RE, Zhao J, Gao J, Dongre A, Carman JA, Yin M, Drazba JA, Dent R, Hine C, Chen YR, Smith JD, Fox PL, Brown JM, Li X. IL-1 induces mitochondrial translocation of IRAK2 to suppress oxidative metabolism in adipocytes. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:1219-1231. [PMID: 32778760 PMCID: PMC7566776 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0750-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common feature of obesity with elevated cytokines such as Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in circulation and tissues. Here, we report an unconventional IL-1R-MyD88-IRAK2-PHB/OPA1 signaling axis that reprograms mitochondrial metabolism in adipocytes to exacerbate obesity. IL-1 induced recruitment of IRAK2-Myddosome to mitochondria outer membrane via recognition by TOM20, followed by TIMM50-guided translocation of IRAK2 into mitochondria inner membrane to suppress oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, thereby, attenuating energy expenditure. Adipocyte-specific MyD88 or IRAK2 deficiency reduced high fat diet (HFD)-induced weight gain, increased energy expenditure and ameliorated insulin resistance, associated with a smaller adipocyte size and increased cristae formation. IRAK2 kinase inactivation also reduced HFD-induced metabolic diseases. Mechanistically, IRAK2 suppressed respiratory super-complex formation via interaction with PHB1 and OPA1 upon stimulation of IL-1. Taken together, our results suggest that IRAK2 Myddosome functions as a critical link between inflammation and metabolism, representing a novel therapeutic target for patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Minjia Yu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Medicine, Mount Auburn Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca C Schugar
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wen Qian
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Fangqiang Tang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Weiwei Liu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ruth E McDowell
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ji Gao
- Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ashok Dongre
- Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Julie A Carman
- Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, USA.,Immunology Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Mei Yin
- Imaging Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Judith A Drazba
- Imaging Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Robert Dent
- University of Ottawa and Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Hine
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yeong-Renn Chen
- Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - J Mark Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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35
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Cytosolic Events in the Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Proteins. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:650-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Horten P, Colina-Tenorio L, Rampelt H. Biogenesis of Mitochondrial Metabolite Carriers. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1008. [PMID: 32645990 PMCID: PMC7408425 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
: Metabolite carriers of the mitochondrial inner membrane are crucial for cellular physiology since mitochondria contribute essential metabolic reactions and synthesize the majority of the cellular ATP. Like almost all mitochondrial proteins, carriers have to be imported into mitochondria from the cytosol. Carrier precursors utilize a specialized translocation pathway dedicated to the biogenesis of carriers and related proteins, the carrier translocase of the inner membrane (TIM22) pathway. After recognition and import through the mitochondrial outer membrane via the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, carrier precursors are ushered through the intermembrane space by hexameric TIM chaperones and ultimately integrated into the inner membrane by the TIM22 carrier translocase. Recent advances have shed light on the mechanisms of TOM translocase and TIM chaperone function, uncovered an unexpected versatility of the machineries, and revealed novel components and functional crosstalk of the human TIM22 translocase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Horten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lilia Colina-Tenorio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heike Rampelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (P.H.); (L.C.-T.)
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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37
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Song G, Kim HL, Jung Y, Park J, Lee JH, Ahn KS, Kwak HJ, Um JY. Fruit of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. Induces Nonshivering Thermogenesis through Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Activation by SIRT1 in High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice and Primary Cultured Brown Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6715-6725. [PMID: 32450691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes, which contain abundant mitochondria, use stored energy as fuel during a process named nonshivering thermogenesis. Thus, the pharmacological activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) has become a promising target for treating obesity. We investigated the effect of fruit of Hovenial dulcis Thunb. (FHD), a frequently used herbal treatment for liver diseases, on thermogenesis and its mechanism using primary cultured brown adipocytes and BAT of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Thermogenesis-related factors including UCP1 and PGC1α increased with FHD treatment. FHD also increased mitochondrial biogenesis and activation factors such as nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)1 and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complex. Furthermore, FHD increased the intercellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) level and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, which may be responsible for the activation of the thermogenic reaction. Overall, our results suggest that FHD can be a novel option for obesity treatment due to its thermogenic action through mitochondrial biogenesis and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahee Song
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Lin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunu Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jeong Kwak
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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38
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Perry CJ, Warren EC, Damstra-Oddy JL, Storey C, Francione LM, Annesley SJ, Fisher PR, Müller-Taubenberger A, Williams RSB. A Dictyostelium discoideum mitochondrial fluorescent tagging vector that does not affect respiratory function. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 22:100751. [PMID: 32258439 PMCID: PMC7109396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Visualizing mitochondria in living Dictyostelium discoideum cells using fluorescent dyes is often problematic due to variability in staining, metabolism of the dyes, and unknown potential effects of the dyes on mitochondrial function. We show that fluorescent labelling of mitochondria, using an N-terminal mitochondrial localization sequence derived from the D. discoideum protein GcvH1 (glycine cleavage system H1) attached to a red fluorescent protein enables clear mitochondrial imaging. We also show that this labelling has no effect upon mitochondria load or respiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Perry
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Eleanor C Warren
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Joseph L Damstra-Oddy
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Claire Storey
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Lisa M Francione
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Sarah J Annesley
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | - Paul R Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3086, Australia
| | | | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
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39
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Baysal C, Pérez-González A, Eseverri Á, Jiang X, Medina V, Caro E, Rubio L, Christou P, Zhu C. Recognition motifs rather than phylogenetic origin influence the ability of targeting peptides to import nuclear-encoded recombinant proteins into rice mitochondria. Transgenic Res 2020; 29:37-52. [PMID: 31598902 PMCID: PMC7000509 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-019-00176-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfil essential functions in respiration and metabolism as well as regulating stress responses and apoptosis. Most native mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and are imported into mitochondria via one of several receptors that recognize N-terminal signal peptides. The targeting of recombinant proteins to mitochondria therefore requires the presence of an appropriate N-terminal peptide, but little is known about mitochondrial import in monocotyledonous plants such as rice (Oryza sativa). To gain insight into this phenomenon, we targeted nuclear-encoded enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to rice mitochondria using six mitochondrial pre-sequences with diverse phylogenetic origins, and investigated their effectiveness by immunoblot analysis as well as confocal and electron microscopy. We found that the ATPA and COX4 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), SU9 (Neurospora crassa), pFA (Arabidopsis thaliana) and OsSCSb (Oryza sativa) peptides successfully directed most of the eGFP to the mitochondria, whereas the MTS2 peptide (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia) showed little or no evidence of targeting ability even though it is a native plant sequence. Our data therefore indicate that the presence of particular recognition motifs may be required for mitochondrial targeting, whereas the phylogenetic origin of the pre-sequences probably does not play a key role in the success of mitochondrial targeting in dedifferentiated rice callus and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Baysal
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-González
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Eseverri
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xi Jiang
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Medina
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
| | - Elena Caro
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Rubio
- Centre for Plant Biotechnology and Genomics, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Campus Montegancedo UPM, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
- ICREA, Catalan Institute for Research and Advanced Studies, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
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Rampelt H, Sucec I, Bersch B, Horten P, Perschil I, Martinou JC, van der Laan M, Wiedemann N, Schanda P, Pfanner N. The mitochondrial carrier pathway transports non-canonical substrates with an odd number of transmembrane segments. BMC Biol 2020; 18:2. [PMID: 31907035 PMCID: PMC6945462 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-019-0733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) plays a central role in energy metabolism by transporting pyruvate across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Its heterodimeric composition and homology to SWEET and semiSWEET transporters set the MPC apart from the canonical mitochondrial carrier family (named MCF or SLC25). The import of the canonical carriers is mediated by the carrier translocase of the inner membrane (TIM22) pathway and is dependent on their structure, which features an even number of transmembrane segments and both termini in the intermembrane space. The import pathway of MPC proteins has not been elucidated. The odd number of transmembrane segments and positioning of the N-terminus in the matrix argues against an import via the TIM22 carrier pathway but favors an import via the flexible presequence pathway. RESULTS Here, we systematically analyzed the import pathways of Mpc2 and Mpc3 and report that, contrary to an expected import via the flexible presequence pathway, yeast MPC proteins with an odd number of transmembrane segments and matrix-exposed N-terminus are imported by the carrier pathway, using the receptor Tom70, small TIM chaperones, and the TIM22 complex. The TIM9·10 complex chaperones MPC proteins through the mitochondrial intermembrane space using conserved hydrophobic motifs that are also required for the interaction with canonical carrier proteins. CONCLUSIONS The carrier pathway can import paired and non-paired transmembrane helices and translocate N-termini to either side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, revealing an unexpected versatility of the mitochondrial import pathway for non-cleavable inner membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Rampelt
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Iva Sucec
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Beate Bersch
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Patrick Horten
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inge Perschil
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Martin van der Laan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Signaling, PZMS, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Nils Wiedemann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paul Schanda
- Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Nikolaus Pfanner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ZBMZ, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
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Bernal M, Yang X, Lisby M, Mazón G. The FANCM family Mph1 helicase localizes to the mitochondria and contributes to mtDNA stability. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 82:102684. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Acar DD, Stroobants VJE, Favoreel H, Saelens X, Nauwynck HJ. Identification of peptide domains involved in the subcellular localization of the feline coronavirus 3b protein. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1417-1430. [PMID: 31483243 PMCID: PMC7079696 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline coronavirus (FCoV) has been identified as the aetiological agent of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal systemic disease in cats. FCoV open reading frame 3 (ORF3) encodes accessory proteins 3a, 3b and 3 c. The FCoV 3b accessory protein consists of 72 amino acid residues and localizes to nucleoli and mitochondria. The present work focused on peptide domains within FCoV 3b that drive its intracellular trafficking. Transfection of different cell types with FCoV 3b fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or 3×FLAG confirmed localization of FCoV 3b in the mitochondria and nucleoli. Using serial truncated mutants, we showed that nucleolar accumulation is controlled by a joint nucleolar and nuclear localization signal (NoLS/NLS) in which the identified overlapping pat4 motifs (residues 53–57) play a critical role. Mutational analysis also revealed that mitochondrial translocation is mediated by N-terminal residues 10–35, in which a Tom20 recognition motif (residues 13–17) and two other overlapping hexamers (residues 24–30) associated with mitochondrial targeting were identified. In addition, a second Tom20 recognition motif was identified further downstream (residues 61–65), although the mitochondrial translocation evoked by these residues seemed less efficient as a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution was also observed. Assessing the spatiotemporal distribution of FCoV 3b did not provide convincing evidence of dynamic shuttling behaviour between the nucleoli and the mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine D. Acar
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Veerle J. E. Stroobants
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Herman Favoreel
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hans J. Nauwynck
- Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Hans J. Nauwynck,
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Conformational ensemble of an intrinsically flexible loop in mitochondrial import protein Tim21 studied by modeling and molecular dynamics simulations. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1864:129417. [PMID: 31445064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.129417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tim21, a subunit of a highly dynamic translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane (TIM23) complex, translocates proteins by interacting with subunits in the translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex and Tim23 channel in the TIM23 complex. A loop segment in Tim21, which is in close proximity of the binding site of Tim23, has different conformations in X-ray, NMR and new crystal contact-free space (CCFS) structures. MD simulations can provide information on the structure and dynamics of the loop in solution. METHODS The conformational ensemble of the loop was characterized using loop modeling and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. RESULTS MD simulations confirmed mobility of the loop. Multidimensional scaling and clustering were used to characterize the dynamic conformational ensemble of the loop. Free energy landscape showed that the CCFS crystal structure occupied a low energy region as compared to the conventional X-ray crystal structure. Analysis of crystal packing indicates that the CCFS provides larger conformational space for the motions of the loop. CONCLUSIONS Our work reported the conformational ensemble of the loop in solution, which is in agreement with the structure obtained from CCFS approach. The combination of the experimental techniques and computational methods is beneficial for studying highly flexible regions of proteins. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Computational methods, such as loop modeling and MD simulations, have proved to be useful for studying conformational flexibility of proteins. These methods in integration with experimental techniques such as CCFS has the potential to transform the studies on flexible regions of proteins.
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Mandal A, Drerup CM. Axonal Transport and Mitochondrial Function in Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:373. [PMID: 31447650 PMCID: PMC6696875 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and elaborate architecture of a neuron poses a great challenge to the cellular machinery which localizes proteins and organelles, such as mitochondria, to necessary locations. Proper mitochondrial localization in neurons is particularly important as this organelle provides energy and metabolites essential to form and maintain functional neural connections. Consequently, maintenance of a healthy pool of mitochondria and removal of damaged organelles are essential for neuronal homeostasis. Long distance transport of the organelle itself as well as components necessary for maintaining mitochondria in distal compartments are important for a constant supply of healthy mitochondria at the right time and place. Accordingly, many neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with mitochondrial abnormalities. Here, we review our current understanding on transport-dependent mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial replenishment. We focus on axonal transport and import of mRNAs and proteins destined for mitochondria as well as mitochondrial fusion and fission to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in distal compartments of the neuron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Mandal
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Catherine M Drerup
- Unit on Neuronal Cell Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Zarin T, Strome B, Nguyen Ba AN, Alberti S, Forman-Kay JD, Moses AM. Proteome-wide signatures of function in highly diverged intrinsically disordered regions. eLife 2019; 8:e46883. [PMID: 31264965 PMCID: PMC6634968 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered regions make up a large part of the proteome, but the sequence-to-function relationship in these regions is poorly understood, in part because the primary amino acid sequences of these regions are poorly conserved in alignments. Here we use an evolutionary approach to detect molecular features that are preserved in the amino acid sequences of orthologous intrinsically disordered regions. We find that most disordered regions contain multiple molecular features that are preserved, and we define these as 'evolutionary signatures' of disordered regions. We demonstrate that intrinsically disordered regions with similar evolutionary signatures can rescue function in vivo, and that groups of intrinsically disordered regions with similar evolutionary signatures are strongly enriched for functional annotations and phenotypes. We propose that evolutionary signatures can be used to predict function for many disordered regions from their amino acid sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taraneh Zarin
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Bob Strome
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alex N Nguyen Ba
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, United States
| | - Simon Alberti
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julie D Forman-Kay
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alan M Moses
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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46
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Signaling and Regulation of the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033944. [PMID: 30617048 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial proteome encompasses more than a thousand proteins, which are encoded by the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Mitochondrial biogenesis and network health relies on maintenance of protein import pathways and the protein-folding environment. Cell-extrinsic or -intrinsic stressors that challenge mitochondrial proteostasis negatively affect organellar function. During conditions of stress, cells use impaired protein import as a sensor for mitochondrial dysfunction to activate a stress response called the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt). UPRmt activation leads to an adaptive transcriptional program that promotes mitochondrial recovery, metabolic adaptations, and innate immunity. In this review, we discuss the regulation of UPRmt activation as well as its role in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis in physiological and pathological scenarios.
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47
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Kam A, Loo S, Dutta B, Sze SK, Tam JP. Plant-derived mitochondria-targeting cysteine-rich peptide modulates cellular bioenergetics. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4000-4011. [PMID: 30674551 PMCID: PMC6422099 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are attractive therapeutic targets for developing agents to delay age-related frailty and diseases. However, few promising leads have been identified from natural products. Previously, we identified roseltide rT1, a hyperstable 27-residue cysteine-rich peptide from Hibiscus sabdariffa, as a knottin-type neutrophil elastase inhibitor. Here, we show that roseltide rT1 is also a cell-penetrating, mitochondria-targeting peptide that increases ATP production. Results from flow cytometry, live-cell imaging, pulldown assays, and genetically-modified cell lines supported that roseltide rT1 enters cells via glycosaminoglycan-dependent endocytosis, and enters the mitochondria through TOM20, a mitochondrial protein import receptor. We further showed that roseltide rT1 increases cellular ATP production via mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization. Using biotinylated roseltide rT1 for target identification and proteomic analysis, we showed that human mitochondrial membrane ATP synthase subunit O is an intramitochondrial target. Collectively, these data support our discovery that roseltide rT1 is a first-in-class mitochondria-targeting, cysteine-rich peptide with potentials to be developed into tools to further our understanding of mitochrondria-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Kam
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Shining Loo
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Bamaprasad Dutta
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - Siu Kwan Sze
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
| | - James P Tam
- From the School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637551 Singapore
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Mitochondrial presequence import: Multiple regulatory knobs fine-tune mitochondrial biogenesis and homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:930-944. [PMID: 30802482 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal organelles for cellular signaling and metabolism, and their dysfunction leads to severe cellular stress. About 60-70% of the mitochondrial proteome consists of preproteins synthesized in the cytosol with an amino-terminal cleavable presequence targeting signal. The TIM23 complex transports presequence signals towards the mitochondrial matrix. Ultimately, the mature protein segments are either transported into the matrix or sorted to the inner membrane. To ensure accurate preprotein import into distinct mitochondrial sub-compartments, the TIM23 machinery adopts specific functional conformations and interacts with different partner complexes. Regulatory subunits modulate the translocase dynamics, tailoring the import reaction to the incoming preprotein. The mitochondrial membrane potential and the ATP generated via oxidative phosphorylation are key energy sources in driving the presequence import pathway. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunctions have rapid repercussions on biogenesis. Cellular mechanisms exploit the presequence import pathway to monitor mitochondrial dysfunctions and mount transcriptional and proteostatic responses to restore functionality.
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Xu C, Chen X, Sheng WB, Yang P. Trehalose restores functional autophagy suppressed by high glucose. Reprod Toxicol 2019; 85:51-58. [PMID: 30769031 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is required for neurulation, and autophagy activators with minimal toxicity, such as the natural compound trehalose, a nonreducing disaccharide, possess high therapeutic value. To determine whether trehalose directly induces autophagy, FITC-labeled trehalose was used for tracing its presence in autophagosome complexes. Trehalose was as potent as rapamycin and starvation in inducing de novo autophagosome formation and increasing autophagosome flux in GFP-LC3 reporter cells and C17.2 neural stem cells. Trehalose effectively reversed high glucose-suppressed autophagy and reduced p62 protein expression. Trehalose abolished the disruption of autophagosome complexes under high glucose conditions in vitro and maternal diabetes in vivo. Autophagosomes induced by trehalose were functionally active, forming mitophagy and reticulophagy in removing damaged cellular organelles in neuroepithelial cells exposed to maternal diabetes. Thus, trehalose directly participated in functional autophagosome generation by incorporating itself into autophagosomes. These findings provide the mechanistic basis for the use of trehalose in preventing disruptive autophagy-associated pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Xu
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei-Bin Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peixin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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50
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Nickel C, Horneff R, Heermann R, Neumann B, Jung K, Soll J, Schwenkert S. Phosphorylation of the outer membrane mitochondrial protein OM64 influences protein import into mitochondria. Mitochondrion 2019; 44:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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