1
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Zhang D, Chen K, Shan LS. Meta-analysis and transcriptomic analysis reveal that NKRF and ZBTB17 regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway, contributing to the shared molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14683. [PMID: 38738952 PMCID: PMC11090078 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atherosclerosis (AS) are widespread diseases predominantly observed in the elderly population. Despite their prevalence, the underlying molecular interconnections between these two conditions are not well understood. METHODS Utilizing meta-analysis, bioinformatics methodologies, and the GEO database, we systematically analyzed transcriptome data to pinpoint key genes concurrently differentially expressed in AD and AS. Our experimental validations in mouse models highlighted the prominence of two genes, NKRF (NF-κB-repressing factor) and ZBTB17 (MYC-interacting zinc-finger protein 1). RESULTS These genes appear to influence the progression of both AD and AS by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, as confirmed through subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies. CONCLUSIONS This research uncovers a novel shared molecular pathway between AD and AS, underscoring the significant roles of NKRF and ZBTB17 in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of CardiologyShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Keyan Chen
- Laboratory Animal Science of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
| | - Li Shen Shan
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina
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2
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Swindell WR, Bojanowski K, Chaudhuri RK. Transcriptomic Analysis of Fumarate Compounds Identifies Unique Effects of Isosorbide Di-(Methyl Fumarate) on NRF2, NF-kappaB and IRF1 Pathway Genes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040461. [PMID: 35455458 PMCID: PMC9026097 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has emerged as a first-line therapy for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). This treatment, however, has been limited by adverse effects, which has prompted development of novel derivatives with improved tolerability. We compared the effects of fumarates on gene expression in astrocytes. Our analysis included diroximel fumarate (DRF) and its metabolite monomethyl fumarate (MMF), along with a novel compound isosorbide di-(methyl fumarate) (IDMF). Treatment with IDMF resulted in the largest number of differentially expressed genes. The effects of DRF and MMF were consistent with NRF2 activation and NF-κB inhibition, respectively. IDMF responses, however, were concordant with both NRF2 activation and NF-κB inhibition, and we confirmed IDMF-mediated NF-κB inhibition using a reporter assay. IDMF also down-regulated IRF1 expression and IDMF-decreased gene promoters were enriched with IRF1 recognition sequences. Genes altered by each fumarate overlapped significantly with those near loci from MS genetic association studies, but IDMF had the strongest overall effect on MS-associated genes. These results show that next-generation fumarates, such as DRF and IDMF, have effects differing from those of the MMF metabolite. Our findings support a model in which IDMF attenuates oxidative stress via NRF2 activation, with suppression of NF-κB and IRF1 contributing to mitigation of inflammation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Swindell
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jewish Hospital, Cincinnati, OH 45236, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Krzysztof Bojanowski
- Sunny BioDiscovery Inc., Santa Paula, CA 93060, USA;
- Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boonton, NJ 07005, USA;
| | - Ratan K. Chaudhuri
- Symbionyx Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boonton, NJ 07005, USA;
- Sytheon Ltd., Boonton, NJ 07005, USA
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3
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Roberti A, Chaffey LE, Greaves DR. NF-κB Signaling and Inflammation-Drug Repurposing to Treat Inflammatory Disorders? BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030372. [PMID: 35336746 PMCID: PMC8945680 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Since its first description 35 years ago, the transcription factor NF-κB (nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) has been shown to be a key mediator of immune cell responses to inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and genotoxic injury. Dysregulated NF-κB signalling drives inflammation in inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, re-establishing the appropriate regulation of NF-κB activity seems like a promising approach to treat inflammatory diseases. Current anti-inflammatory drugs have many, often serious, side effects. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need for safe and effective anti-inflammatory medicines that both decrease inflammatory mediator production and enhance endogenous anti-inflammatory and prorepair pathways. So far, traditional de novo drug discovery has fallen short of satisfying this need. Drug repurposing is a cost- and time-effective alternative to de novo drug development for the identification of novel applications and has already resulted in the identification of effective anti-inflammatories in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper we critically review NF-κB as a potential target for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs with an emphasis on drug repurposing as a strategy to identify new approaches to treat inflammatory diseases. Abstract NF-κB is a central mediator of inflammation, response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. As a result of its central role in so many important cellular processes, NF-κB dysregulation has been implicated in the pathology of important human diseases. NF-κB activation causes inappropriate inflammatory responses in diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Thus, modulation of NF-κB signaling is being widely investigated as an approach to treat chronic inflammatory diseases, autoimmunity and cancer. The emergence of COVID-19 in late 2019, the subsequent pandemic and the huge clinical burden of patients with life-threatening SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia led to a massive scramble to repurpose existing medicines to treat lung inflammation in a wide range of healthcare systems. These efforts continue and have proven to be controversial. Drug repurposing strategies are a promising alternative to de novo drug development, as they minimize drug development timelines and reduce the risk of failure due to unexpected side effects. Different experimental approaches have been applied to identify existing medicines which inhibit NF-κB that could be repurposed as anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Sisto M, Ribatti D, Lisi S. Understanding the Complexity of Sjögren's Syndrome: Remarkable Progress in Elucidating NF-κB Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092821. [PMID: 32878252 PMCID: PMC7563658 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune inflammatory disease with a poorly defined aetiology, which targets exocrine glands (particularly salivary and lachrymal glands), affecting the secretory function. Patients suffering from SS exhibit persistent xerostomia and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. It is now widely acknowledged that a chronic grade of inflammation plays a central role in the initiation, progression, and development of SS. Consistent with its key role in organizing inflammatory responses, numerous recent studies have shown involvement of the transcription factor nuclear factor κ (kappa)-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the development of this disease. Therefore, chronic inflammation is considered as a critical factor in the disease aetiology, offering hope for the development of new drugs for treatment. The purpose of this review is to describe the current knowledge about the NF-κB-mediated molecular events implicated in the pathogenesis of SS.
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Yan J, McCombe PA, Pender MP, Greer JM. Reduced IκB-α Protein Levels in Peripheral Blood Cells of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis-A Possible Cause of Constitutive NF-κB Activation. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082534. [PMID: 32781504 PMCID: PMC7465818 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB signaling pathways are dysregulated in both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral blood cells in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the cause of this is unknown. We have recently reported that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with MS have increased constitutive activation and translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB to the nucleus compared to healthy subjects. NF-κB can be activated through either canonical or non-canonical pathways. In the canonical pathway, activation of NF-κB is normally negatively regulated by the inhibitor IκB. We therefore hypothesized that the increased activation of NF-κB could be caused by reduced IκB-α in the cells of patients with MS, possibly due to increased activity of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex, which regulates IκB-α. Alternatively, changes to the activity of key molecules in the non-canonical pathway, such as IKKα, could also lead to increased NF-κB activation. We therefore used Western blotting to detect IκB-α levels and ELISA to investigate NF-κB DNA binding activity and phosphorylation of IKKα and IKKβ in samples from PBMC of MS patients and controls. The level of full-length IκB-α protein in the cytosolic fraction of PBMC of MS patients was significantly reduced compared to healthy subjects, with significantly more evidence of multiple low molecular weight putative degradation products of IκB-α present in MS patients compared to healthy subjects. Conversely, the level of NF-κB DNA binding activity was increased in whole cell lysates from MS patients. Both IKKα and IKKβ showed increased overall activity in MS compared to healthy subjects, although not all of the MS patients showed increased activity compared to the healthy subjects, suggesting that there may be several different mechanisms underlying the constitutive activation of NF-κB in MS. Taken together, these findings suggest that there may be multiple points at which the NF-κB pathway is dysregulated in MS and that decreased levels of the full-length IκB-α protein are a major component in this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (J.Y.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Pamela A. McCombe
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (J.Y.); (P.A.M.)
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia
| | - Michael P. Pender
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia;
- Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Judith M. Greer
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia; (J.Y.); (P.A.M.)
- Wesley Medical Research, The Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, QLD 4066, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(61)-07-3346-6018
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6
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Zhou Y, Cui C, Ma X, Luo W, Zheng SG, Qiu W. Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB)-Mediated Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:391. [PMID: 32265906 PMCID: PMC7105607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling cascade has been implicating in a broad range of biological processes, including inflammation, cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The past three decades have witnessed a great progress in understanding the impact of aberrant NF-κB regulation on human autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. In this review, we discuss how aberrant NF-κB activation contributes to multiple sclerosis, a typical inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, and its involvement in developing potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunping Cui
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Mohammed EM. Environmental Influencers, MicroRNA, and Multiple Sclerosis. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis 2020; 12:1179573519894955. [PMID: 32009827 PMCID: PMC6971968 DOI: 10.1177/1179573519894955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex neurological disorder characterized by an aberrant immune system that affects patients' quality of life. Several environmental factors have previously been proposed to associate with MS pathophysiology, including vitamin D deficiency, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, and cigarette smoking. These factors may influence cellular molecularity, interfering with cellular proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This review argues that small noncoding RNA named microRNA (miRNA) influences these factors' mode of action. Dysregulation in the miRNAs network may deeply impact cellular hemostasis, thereby possibly resulting in MS pathogenicity. This article represents a literature review and an author's theory of how environmental factors may induce dysregulations in the miRNAs network, which could ultimately affect MS pathogenicity.
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8
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El-Deeb OS, Ghanem HB, El-Esawy RO, Sadek MT. The modulatory effects of luteolin on cyclic AMP/Ciliary neurotrophic factor signaling pathway in experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:1401-1408. [PMID: 31185137 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be an autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) manifested by chronic inflammation. Although its etiology is not completely understood, inflammation and apoptosis are known to be major players involved in its pathogenesis. Luteolin, the naturally occurring flavonoid, is known by strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, yet research studies about its therapeutic role in MS are still lacking. The study aimed to provide insight into effects of luteolin in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by monitoring inflammatory, apoptotic, and antioxidant biochemical parameters in addition to histological examination findings. The study included 45 adult female Wistar rats allocated to three equal groups: (a) group I: control group, (b) group II: EAE group, EAE was induced by single intradermal injection of 0.2 mL inoculum comprising 20-μg recombinant rat myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), and (c) group III: luteolin-treated EAE group, luteolin was given in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day, i.p. All groups were subjected to assessment of brain ciliary neurotropic factor (CNTF) mRNA gene expression and measurement of cleaved caspase 3, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), cyclic AMP (cAMP), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α) by the ELISA technique, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) level is assessed spectrophotometrically. Compared with the EAE group, luteolin-treated EAE group showed upregulation of CNTF expression and significant increase in cAMP and TAC levels, while it showed significant decrease in cleaved caspase 3, NF-κB, and MIP-1α levels. Based on our data herein, luteolin may provide a promising preclinical therapeutic line in MS being anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and neurotrophic agent. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(9):1401-1408, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omnia Safwat El-Deeb
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Heba Bassiony Ghanem
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mona Tayssir Sadek
- Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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9
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Lacher SM, Thurm C, Distler U, Mohebiany AN, Israel N, Kitic M, Ebering A, Tang Y, Klein M, Wabnitz GH, Wanke F, Samstag Y, Bopp T, Kurschus FC, Simeoni L, Tenzer S, Waisman A. NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is an essential post-transcriptional regulator of T-cell activation affecting F-actin dynamics and TCR signaling. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:110-121. [PMID: 30061013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK) is the key protein of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway and is important for the development of lymph nodes and other secondary immune organs. We elucidated the specific role of NIK in T cells using T-cell specific NIK-deficient (NIKΔT) mice. Despite showing normal development of lymphoid organs, NIKΔT mice were resistant to induction of CNS autoimmunity. T cells from NIKΔT mice were deficient in late priming, failed to up-regulate T-bet and to transmigrate into the CNS. Proteomic analysis of activated NIK-/- T cells showed de-regulated expression of proteins involved in the formation of the immunological synapse: in particular, proteins involved in cytoskeleton dynamics. In line with this we found that NIK-deficient T cells were hampered in phosphorylation of Zap70, LAT, AKT, ERK1/2 and PLCγ upon TCR engagement. Hence, our data disclose a hitherto unknown function of NIK in T-cell priming and differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/immunology
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/immunology
- Animals
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Central Nervous System/pathology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/chemically induced
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/immunology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/immunology
- Myelin-Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Phospholipase C gamma/genetics
- Phospholipase C gamma/immunology
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/immunology
- Primary Cell Culture
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/deficiency
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/pathology
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- T-Box Domain Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/genetics
- ZAP-70 Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/immunology
- NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja M Lacher
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Thurm
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ute Distler
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alma N Mohebiany
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nicole Israel
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Maja Kitic
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Ebering
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yilang Tang
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guido H Wabnitz
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Wanke
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yvonne Samstag
- Institute of Immunology, Section Molecular Immunology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Florian C Kurschus
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Luca Simeoni
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Immunology, Health Campus Immunology, Infectiology, and Inflammation, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ari Waisman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
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10
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Li X, Zhao L, Han JJ, Zhang F, Liu S, Zhu L, Wang ZZ, Zhang GX, Zhang Y. Carnosol Modulates Th17 Cell Differentiation and Microglial Switch in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1807. [PMID: 30150982 PMCID: PMC6100297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants as a rich pool for developing novel small molecule therapeutic medicine have been used for thousands of years. Carnosol as a bioactive diterpene compound originated from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Salvia officinalis, herbs extensively applied in traditional medicine for the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases (1). In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects and molecule mechanism of carnosol in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Carnosol treatment significantly alleviated clinical development in the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG35-55) peptide-induced EAE model, markedly decreased inflammatory cell infiltration into the central nervous system and reduced demyelination. Further, carnosol inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 phosphorylation, and blocked transcription factor NF-κB nuclear translocation. In the passive-EAE model, carnosol treatment also significantly prevented Th17 cell pathogenicity. Moreover, carnosol exerted its therapeutic effects in the chronic stage of EAE, and, remarkably, switched the phenotypes of infiltrated macrophage/microglia. Taken together, our results show that carnosol has enormous potential for development as a therapeutic agent for autoimmune diseases such as MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Li Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juan-Juan Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Fei Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Zhi Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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11
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Yan J, Winterford CM, Catts VS, Pat BK, Pender MP, McCombe PA, Greer JM. Increased constitutive activation of NF-κB p65 (RelA) in peripheral blood cells of patients with progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 320:111-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Webster GA, Sim DA, La Flamme AC, Mayo NE. Evaluation of neurological changes in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with immune modulator MIS416: results from a feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2017; 3:60. [PMID: 29177070 PMCID: PMC5689160 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-017-0201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While disease progression can be readily monitored in early stage relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), it is more challenging for secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). This advanced stage of disease has distinct pathophysiology due to compartmentalization of neuroinflammatory activity within the central nervous system, resulting in increased incidence and severity of cognitive dysfunction. The shift in the dominant disease pathways is underscored by the failure of relapsing therapies to benefit SPMS patients, highlighting the need for novel treatment strategies and clinical trial endpoints that are well-aligned with potential benefits. The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) is widely used but is weighted towards ambulatory ability, lacking sensitivity to other aspects of neurological impairment experienced in more severely disabled SPMS patients, so may not effectively capture their clinical status.To investigate the feasibility of an alternative clinical trial endpoint model for a phase 2B trial of an immune modulator for SPMS, the potential for treatment efficacy-based patient-centered outcomes was assessed within the context of a before and after, 12-week clinical trial of safety and tolerability. METHODS Patients treated with MIS416 for 12 weeks were evaluated for clinical status at baseline and end of dosing, using the established Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite, Short Form Health Survey, and Expanded Disability Status Scale. Responder status was determined for eight outcome measures based on minimally important change, defined using published studies. To evaluate the patients' immune response to MIS416, blood plasma samples collected at baseline and pre- and 24-h post doses 1-4 were analyzed using multiplex cytokine quantification assays. RESULTS Using a combination of patient-centered outcomes, MIS416 treatment was associated with improved clinical status for 10/11 patients: eight patients showed improvement on two to five outcome measures, five of which also showed improvement by EDSS. Multi-dimensional scaling analysis of MIS416-induced factors quantified in individual patients, revealed immune response patterns which had a strong concordance with the extent of the patients' clinical response. CONCLUSIONS The data support the feasibility of using patient-centered outcomes as additional clinical trial endpoints, for determining the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies, in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrial.gov, NCT01191996.
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Acar OO, Gazioglu I, Kolak U, Sen A, Topcu G. A potential therapeutic role in multiple sclerosis for stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol myristate isolated from Capparis ovata. THE EUROBIOTECH JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/03.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the human central nervous system. It is one of the most common neurological disorders around the world and there is still no complete cure for MS. Purification of a terpenoid from Capparis ovata was carried out and its structure was elucidated as stigmast-5,22-dien-3β-ol, myristate (3β,22E-stigmasteryl myristate; SDM) by NMR and mass spectral analyses. No information regarding its any health effect is available in the literature. In the present study, we have described its effects on inflammatory factors such as the expression levels of cytokines, chemokines and adhesion molecules as well as apoptosis/infiltration and myelination in SH-SY5Y cells. The expression levels of proinflammatory or inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as NF-κB1, CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 and HIF1A along with T-cell activating cytokines such as IL-6 and TGFB1 were significantly downregulated with SDM treatment. Moreover, the expression levels of the main myelin proteins such as MBP, MAG and PLP that are essential for healthy myelin architecture were significantly up-regulated. The results presented in this study strongly suggest that the SDM offers a unique possibility to be used with autoimmune diseases, including MS due to its activity on the manipulation of cytokines and the promotion of myelin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozden Ozgun Acar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli , Turkey
| | - Isil Gazioglu
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kolak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Alaattin Sen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli , Turkey
| | - Gulacti Topcu
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul , Turkey
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Abstract
The transcription factor NF-κB regulates multiple aspects of innate and adaptive immune functions and serves as a pivotal mediator of inflammatory responses. NF-κB induces the expression of various pro-inflammatory genes, including those encoding cytokines and chemokines, and also participates in inflammasome regulation. In addition, NF-κB plays a critical role in regulating the survival, activation and differentiation of innate immune cells and inflammatory T cells. Consequently, deregulated NF-κB activation contributes to the pathogenic processes of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we will discuss the activation and function of NF-κB in association with inflammatory diseases and highlight the development of therapeutic strategies based on NF-κB inhibition.
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Molecular Genetic and Epigenetic Basis of Multiple Sclerosis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 958:65-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-47861-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Leibowitz SM, Yan J. NF-κB Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis and the Therapeutic Implications. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:84. [PMID: 27695399 PMCID: PMC5023675 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling pathways are involved in cell immune responses, apoptosis and infections. In multiple sclerosis (MS), NF-κB pathways are changed, leading to increased levels of NF-κB activation in cells. This may indicate a key role for NF-κB in MS pathogenesis. NF-κB signaling is complex, with many elements involved in its activation and regulation. Interestingly, current MS treatments are found to be directly or indirectly linked to NF-κB pathways and act to adjust the innate and adaptive immune system in patients. In this review, we will first focus on the intricacies of NF-κB signaling, including the activating pathways and regulatory elements. Next, we will theorize about the role of NF-κB in MS pathogenesis, based on current research findings, and discuss some of the associated therapeutic implications. Lastly, we will review four new MS treatments which interrupt NF-κB pathways—fingolimod, teriflunomide, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) and laquinimod (LAQ)—and explain their mechanisms, and the possible strategy for MS treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia M Leibowitz
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jun Yan
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12015. [PMID: 27352007 PMCID: PMC4931233 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 814] [Impact Index Per Article: 101.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in immune function and has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. Here we use 16S rRNA sequencing to investigate the gut microbiome in subjects with multiple sclerosis (MS, n=60) and healthy controls (n=43). Microbiome alterations in MS include increases in Methanobrevibacter and Akkermansia and decreases in Butyricimonas, and correlate with variations in the expression of genes involved in dendritic cell maturation, interferon signalling and NF-kB signalling pathways in circulating T cells and monocytes. Patients on disease-modifying treatment show increased abundances of Prevotella and Sutterella, and decreased Sarcina, compared with untreated patients. MS patients of a second cohort show elevated breath methane compared with controls, consistent with our observation of increased gut Methanobrevibacter in MS in the first cohort. Further study is required to assess whether the observed alterations in the gut microbiome play a role in, or are a consequence of, MS pathogenesis. The gut microbiome has been implicated in several autoimmune disorders. Here, the authors study the gut microbiome of patients with multiple sclerosis, and find correlations between altered abundance of certain gut microorganisms and changes in expression of immune defence genes.
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Lloyd AF, Miron VE. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Macrophage Activation during Remyelination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2016; 4:60. [PMID: 27446913 PMCID: PMC4914869 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2016.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Remyelination is an example of central nervous system (CNS) regeneration, whereby myelin is restored around demyelinated axons, re-establishing saltatory conduction and trophic/metabolic support. In progressive multiple sclerosis, remyelination is limited or fails altogether which is considered to contribute to axonal damage/loss and consequent disability. Macrophages have critical roles in both CNS damage and regeneration, such as remyelination. This diverse range in functions reflects the ability of macrophages to acquire tissue microenvironment-specific activation states. This activation is dynamically regulated during efficient regeneration, with a switch from pro-inflammatory to inflammation-resolution/pro-regenerative phenotypes. Although, some molecules and pathways have been implicated in the dynamic activation of macrophages, such as NFκB, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning plasticity of macrophage activation are unclear. Identifying mechanisms regulating macrophage activation to pro-regenerative phenotypes may lead to novel therapeutic strategies to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy F Lloyd
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique E Miron
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK
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Suzuki M, Watanabe M, Nakamaru Y, Takagi D, Takahashi H, Fukuda S, Hatakeyama S. TRIM39 negatively regulates the NFκB-mediated signaling pathway through stabilization of Cactin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1085-101. [PMID: 26363554 PMCID: PMC11108475 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
NFκB is one of the central regulators of cell survival, immunity, inflammation, carcinogenesis and organogenesis. The activation of NFκB is strictly regulated by several posttranslational modifications including phosphorylation, neddylation and ubiquitination. Several types of ubiquitination play important roles in multi-step regulations of the NFκB pathway. Some of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) proteins functioning as E3 ubiquitin ligases are known to regulate various biological processes such as inflammatory signaling pathways. One of the TRIM family proteins, TRIM39, for which the gene has single nucleotide polymorphisms, has been identified as one of the genetic factors in Behcet's disease. However, the role of TRIM39 in inflammatory signaling had not been fully elucidated. In this study, to elucidate the function of TRIM39 in inflammatory signaling, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening using TRIM39 as a bait and identified Cactin, which has been reported to inhibit NFκB- and TLR-mediated transcriptions. We show that TRIM39 stabilizes Cactin protein and that Cactin is upregulated after TNFα stimulation. TRIM39 knockdown also causes activation of the NFκB signal. These findings suggest that TRIM39 negatively regulates the NFκB signal in collaboration with Cactin induced by inflammatory stimulants such as TNFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Suzuki
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masashi Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakamaru
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Dai Takagi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Takahashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukuda
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Shigetsugu Hatakeyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8638, Japan.
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Ruff KJ, Durham PL, O’Reilly A, Long FD. Eggshell membrane hydrolyzates activate NF-κB in vitro: possible implications for in vivo efficacy. J Inflamm Res 2015; 8:49-57. [PMID: 25709492 PMCID: PMC4332312 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s78118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Eggshell membrane (ESM) has been shown to contain naturally occurring bioactive components, and biological activities such as reducing proinflammatory cytokines, liver fibrosis, and joint pain in osteoarthritis sufferers have also been reported for ESM matrix as a whole. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B-cells (NF-κB) is a signaling protein found in the cytoplasm of nearly all human and animal cell types and is a primary regulator of immune function. The studies reported herein were designed to investigate the possible role that NF-κB activity might play in the reported biological activities of ESM. METHODS Three ESM hydrolyzates produced via fermentation, enzymatic, or chemical hydrolysis were evaluated in vitro in either human peripheral blood mononuclear cell or THP-1 (human leukemic monocyte) cell cultures for NF-κB activity following 4-hour exposure. The hydrolyzates were compared with untreated control cells or cells incubated with lipopolysaccharide or ascorbic acid. The source of ESM activity was also evaluated. RESULTS NF-κB levels were increased above levels found in untreated cells at all three dilutions (1:100, 1:1,000, and 1:10,000) for the fermentation hydrolyzate of ESM (ESM-FH) (P=0.021, P=0.020, P=0.009, respectively) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The enzymatic hydrolyzate of ESM (ESM-EH) also produced statistically significant levels of activated NF-κB at the 1:100 and 1:1,000 dilutions (P=0.004, P=0.006, respectively) but fell just shy of significance at the 1:10,000 dilution (P=0.073). Similarly, ESM-FH (P=0.021, P=0.002) and ESM-EH (P=0.007, P=0.007) activated NF-κB in THP-1 cells at 1:1,000 and 1:10,000 dilutions, respectively. The chemical hydrolyzate of ESM (ESM-CH) showed statistically significant levels of activation at the 1:1,000 dilution (P=0.005) but failed to differ from untreated cells at the 1:10,000 dilution (P=0.193) in THP-1 cells. CONCLUSION Results from our studies provide evidence that ESM hydrolyzates significantly activate NF-κB, and the source of this activity was investigated to confirm that it is inherent to ESM and not derived from bacterial contamination. Based on our findings, we propose a plausible hypothesis as to how increased NF-κB activity might translate into the in vivo efficacy that has been observed with ESM via an "oral tolerance" mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul L Durham
- Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Austin O’Reilly
- Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
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Srinivasan M, Lahiri DK. Significance of NF-κB as a pivotal therapeutic target in the neurodegenerative pathologies of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:471-87. [PMID: 25652642 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.989834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Advances in molecular pathogenesis suggest that the chronic inflammation is a shared mechanism in the initiation and progression of multiple neurodegenerative diseases with diverse clinical manifestations such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Multiple sclerosis (MS). Restricted cell renewal and regenerative capacity make the neural tissues extremely vulnerable to the uncontrolled inflammatory process leading to irreversible tissue damage. AREAS COVERED A predominant consequence of increased inflammatory signaling is the upregulation of the transcription factor, NF-κB with subsequent neuroprotective or deleterious effects depending on the strength of the signal and the type of NF-κB dimers activated. We discuss the interplay between neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration keeping in focus NF-κB signaling as the point of convergence of multiple pathways associated with the development of the neurodegenerative pathologies, AD and MS. EXPERT OPINION Considerable interest exists in developing efficient NF-κB inhibitors for neurodegenerative diseases. The review includes an overview of natural compounds and rationally designed agents that inhibit NF-κB and mediate neuroprotection in AD and MS. The key chemical moieties of the natural and the synthetic compounds provide efficient leads for the development of effective small molecule inhibitors that selectively target NF-κB activation; this would result in the desired benefit to risk therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Indiana University School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology, Radiology and Medicine , Indianapolis, IN , USA +1 317 278 9686 ; +1 317 278 3018 ;
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Tian T, Wang M, Ma D. TNF-α, a good or bad factor in hematological diseases? Stem Cell Investig 2014; 1:12. [PMID: 27358858 PMCID: PMC4923506 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2306-9759.2014.04.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a highly pleiotropic cytokine involved in a spectrum of physiological processes that control inflammation, anti-tumor responses and homeostasis through two receptors, TNF-R1 and TNF-R2. In general, TNF-R1 mediates cytotoxicity, resistance to infection and stimulation of NF-κB. By contrast, TNF-R2 has been implicated in proliferation of T-cell line, thymocytes and human mononuclear cells. Hematological malignancies are the types of cancer that affect normal hematopoiesis, have a speedy development, high lethal rate and until now still have no effective treatment. Several studies have shown that inflammatory cytokines play an important role in the onset and progress of these diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent studies and evaluate the positive or negative role of TNF-α in some hematological malignancies or diseases with a malignant tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Tian
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Balood M, Mesbah-Namin SA, Sanati MH, Zahednasab H, Sahraian MA, Ataei M. Inhibitor IκBα promoter functional polymorphisms in patients with multiple sclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 41:613-6. [PMID: 24368589 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the association of IκBα promoter polymorphisms with the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) disease in Iranian population. One hundred and fifty patients with MS along with 150 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The IκBα -881A/G (rs3138053), -826C/T (rs2233406) and -519C/T (rs2233408) polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism method. This study demonstrated that the genotype frequencies of IκBα -881A/G and -826T/T, and allele frequencies of IκBα-881G were significantly higher in patients with MS with respect to as compared to the controls. We also found that the estimated haplotype frequency of IκBα promoter -881G-826T-519C was significantly increased in the patient with MS in comparison with that of the healthy individuals. This study reveals that polymorphisms in the IκBα promoter (-881 A/G, -826 C/T) are strongly associated with the susceptibility of Iranian MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Balood
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Jalal Ale Ahmad Highway, Nasr Bridge, P.O.Box 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
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Faustman DL, Davis M. TNF Receptor 2 and Disease: Autoimmunity and Regenerative Medicine. Front Immunol 2013; 4:478. [PMID: 24391650 PMCID: PMC3870411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF) exerts its effects through two receptors: TNFR1 and TNFR2. Defects in TNFR2 signaling are evident in a variety of autoimmune diseases. One new treatment strategy for autoimmune disease is selective destruction of autoreactive T cells by administration of TNF, TNF inducers, or TNFR2 agonism. A related strategy is to rely on TNFR2 agonism to induce T-regulatory cells (Tregs) that suppress cytotoxic T cells. Targeting TNFR2 as a treatment strategy is likely superior to TNFR1 because of its more limited cellular distribution on T cells, subsets of neurons, and a few other cell types, whereas TNFR1 is expressed throughout the body. This review focuses on TNFR2 expression, structure, and signaling; TNFR2 signaling in autoimmune disease; treatment strategies targeting TNFR2 in autoimmunity; and the potential for TNFR2 to facilitate end organ regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Faustman
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA , USA
| | - Miriam Davis
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, MA , USA
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Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in multiple sclerosis pathology. Trends Mol Med 2013; 19:604-13. [PMID: 24007818 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling cascade plays a critical role in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the main animal model of MS. NF-κB is essential for peripheral immune cell activation and the induction of pathology, but also plays crucial roles in resident cells of the central nervous system (CNS) during disease development. Here we review recent evidence clarifying the role of NF-κB in the different cell compartments contributing to MS pathology and its implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of MS and other demyelinating pathologies of the CNS.
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Satoh JI. Molecular network of ChIP-Seq-based NF-κB p65 target genes involves diverse immune functions relevant to the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2013; 3:94-106. [PMID: 25877979 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) acts as a central regulator of immune response, stress response, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Aberrant regulation of NF-κB function triggers development of cancers, metabolic diseases, and autoimmune diseases. We attempted to characterize a global picture of the NF-κB target gene network relevant to the immunopathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS We identified the comprehensive set of 918 NF-κB p65 binding sites on protein-coding genes from chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-Seq) dataset of TNFα-stimulated human B lymphoblastoid cells. The molecular network was studied by a battery of pathway analysis tools of bioinformatics. RESULTS The GenomeJack genome viewer showed that NF-κB p65 binding sites were accumulated in promoter (35.5%) and intronic (54.9%) regions with an existence of the NF-κB consensus sequence motif. A set of 52 genes (5.7%) corresponded to known NF-κB targets by database search. KEGG, PANTHER, and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) revealed that the NF-κB p65 target gene network is linked to regulation of immune functions and oncogenesis, including B cell receptor signaling, T cell activation pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling, and apoptosis signaling, and molecular mechanisms of cancers. KeyMolnet indicated an involvement of the complex crosstalk among core transcription factors in the NF-κB p65 target gene network. Furthermore, the set of NF-κB p65 target genes included 10 genes among 98 MS risk alleles and 49 molecules among 709 MS brain lesion-specific proteins. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aberrant regulation of NF-κB-mediated gene expression, by inducing dysfunction of diverse immune functions, is closely associated with development and progression of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Satoh
- Department of Bioinformatics and Molecular Neuropathology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan.
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Sisto M, Lisi S, Lofrumento DD, Ingravallo G, De Lucro R, D'Amore M. Salivary gland expression level of IκBα regulatory protein in Sjögren's syndrome. J Mol Histol 2013; 44:447-54. [PMID: 23377923 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis and therapeutic strategies in Sjögren's syndrome (SS) might greatly benefit of the present multidisciplinary approach to studying the molecular pathogenesis of the disease. A deregulated inflammatory response has been described in the SS. The research in the last years sheds light on the importance of the NF-κB pathway regulating the pro-inflammatory cytokine production and leukocyte recruitment. These are important contributors to the inflammatory response during the development of SS. In this study we examine the expression of the NF-κB inhibitory protein termed IκBα in salivary glands epithelial cells (SGEC) comparing it with SGEC from healthy controls, to test the hypothesis that an altered expression of IκBα occurs in SGEC from SS biopsies. Real-Time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression level of IκBα was significantly lower in SS with respect to healthy controls leading to an increased NF-κB activity. Our results suggest that the analysis of IκBα expression at salivary gland epithelial cell level could be a potential new hallmark of SS progression and sustain a rationale to more deeply investigate the therapeutic potential of specific NF-κB inhibitors in SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Sisto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University of Bari Medical School, piazza Giulio Cesare 1, 70124, Bari, Italy.
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Faustman DL, Wang L, Okubo Y, Burger D, Ban L, Man G, Zheng H, Schoenfeld D, Pompei R, Avruch J, Nathan DM. Proof-of-concept, randomized, controlled clinical trial of Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin for treatment of long-term type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41756. [PMID: 22905105 PMCID: PMC3414482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background No targeted immunotherapies reverse type 1 diabetes in humans. However, in a rodent model of type 1 diabetes, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) reverses disease by restoring insulin secretion. Specifically, it stimulates innate immunity by inducing the host to produce tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which, in turn, kills disease-causing autoimmune cells and restores pancreatic beta-cell function through regeneration. Methodology/Principal Findings Translating these findings to humans, we administered BCG, a generic vaccine, in a proof-of-principle, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adults with long-term type 1 diabetes (mean: 15.3 years) at one clinical center in North America. Six subjects were randomly assigned to BCG or placebo and compared to self, healthy paired controls (n = 6) or reference subjects with (n = 57) or without (n = 16) type 1 diabetes, depending upon the outcome measure. We monitored weekly blood samples for 20 weeks for insulin-autoreactive T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and other autoantibodies, and C-peptide, a marker of insulin secretion. BCG-treated patients and one placebo-treated patient who, after enrollment, unexpectedly developed acute Epstein-Barr virus infection, a known TNF inducer, exclusively showed increases in dead insulin-autoreactive T cells and induction of Tregs. C-peptide levels (pmol/L) significantly rose transiently in two BCG-treated subjects (means: 3.49 pmol/L [95% CI 2.95–3.8], 2.57 [95% CI 1.65–3.49]) and the EBV-infected subject (3.16 [95% CI 2.54–3.69]) vs.1.65 [95% CI 1.55–3.2] in reference diabetic subjects. BCG-treated subjects each had more than 50% of their C-peptide values above the 95th percentile of the reference subjects. The EBV-infected subject had 18% of C-peptide values above this level. Conclusions/Significance We conclude that BCG treatment or EBV infection transiently modified the autoimmunity that underlies type 1 diabetes by stimulating the host innate immune response. This suggests that BCG or other stimulators of host innate immunity may have value in the treatment of long-term diabetes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00607230
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise L Faustman
- The Immunobiology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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Chinoy H, Li CKC, Platt H, Fertig N, Varsani H, Gunawardena H, Betteridge Z, Oddis CV, McHugh NJ, Wedderburn LR, Ollier WER, Cooper RG. Genetic association study of NF-κB genes in UK Caucasian adult and juvenile onset idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011; 51:794-9. [PMID: 22210660 PMCID: PMC3327167 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Treatment-resistant muscle wasting is an increasingly recognized problem in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM). TNF-α is thought to induce muscle catabolism via activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Several genes share homology with the NF-κB family of proteins. This study investigated the role of NF-κB-related genes in disease susceptibility in UK Caucasian IIM. Methods. Data from 362 IIM cases [274 adults, 49 (±14.0) years, 72% female; 88 juveniles, 6 (±3.6) years, 73% female) were compared with 307 randomly selected Caucasian controls. DNA was genotyped for 63 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from NF-κB-related genes. Data were stratified by IIM subgroup/serotype. Results. A significant allele association was observed in the overall IIM group vs controls for the IKBL-62T allele (rs2071592, odds ratio 1.5, 95% CI 1.21, 1.89, corrected P = 0.0086), which strengthened after stratification by anti-Jo-1 or -PM-Scl antibodies. Genotype analysis revealed an increase for the AT genotype in cases under a dominant model. No other SNP was associated in the overall IIM group. Strong pairwise linkage disequilibrium was noted between IKBL-62T, TNF-308A and HLA-B*08 (D′ = 1). Using multivariate regression, the IKBL-62T IIM association was lost after adjustment for TNF-308A or HLA-B*08. Conclusion. An association was noted between IKBL-62T and IIM, with increased risk noted in anti-Jo-1- and -PM-Scl antibody-positive patients. However, the IKBL-62T association is dependent on TNF-308A and HLA-B*08, due to strong shared linkage disequilibrium between these alleles. After adjustment of the 8.1 HLA haplotype, NF-κB genes therefore do not independently confer susceptibility in IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Chinoy
- The University of Manchester Rheumatic Diseases Centre, Hope Hospital, Salford M6 8HD, UK
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Brønstad I, Wolff ASB, Løvås K, Knappskog PM, Husebye ES. Genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) in patients with autoimmune Addison's disease. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2011; 12:111. [PMID: 21851588 PMCID: PMC3166911 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-12-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Addison's disease (AD) is caused by an autoimmune destruction of the adrenal cortex. The pathogenesis is multi-factorial, involving genetic components and hitherto unknown environmental factors. The aim of the present study was to investigate if gene dosage in the form of copy number variation (CNV) could add to the repertoire of genetic susceptibility to autoimmune AD. Methods A genome-wide study using the Affymetrix GeneChip® Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 was conducted in 26 patients with AD. CNVs in selected genes were further investigated in a larger material of patients with autoimmune AD (n = 352) and healthy controls (n = 353) by duplex Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction assays. Results We found that low copy number of UGT2B28 was significantly more frequent in AD patients compared to controls; conversely high copy number of ADAM3A was associated with AD. Conclusions We have identified two novel CNV associations to ADAM3A and UGT2B28 in AD. The mechanism by which this susceptibility is conferred is at present unclear, but may involve steroid inactivation (UGT2B28) and T cell maturation (ADAM3A). Characterization of these proteins may unravel novel information on the pathogenesis of autoimmunity.
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Riveros C, Mellor D, Gandhi KS, McKay FC, Cox MB, Berretta R, Vaezpour SY, Inostroza-Ponta M, Broadley SA, Heard RN, Vucic S, Stewart GJ, Williams DW, Scott RJ, Lechner-Scott J, Booth DR, Moscato P. A transcription factor map as revealed by a genome-wide gene expression analysis of whole-blood mRNA transcriptome in multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14176. [PMID: 21152067 PMCID: PMC2995726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several lines of evidence suggest that transcription factors are involved in the pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) but complete mapping of the whole network has been elusive. One of the reasons is that there are several clinical subtypes of MS and transcription factors that may be involved in one subtype may not be in others. We investigate the possibility that this network could be mapped using microarray technologies and contemporary bioinformatics methods on a dataset derived from whole blood in 99 untreated MS patients (36 Relapse Remitting MS, 43 Primary Progressive MS, and 20 Secondary Progressive MS) and 45 age-matched healthy controls. Methodology/Principal Findings We have used two different analytical methodologies: a non-standard differential expression analysis and a differential co-expression analysis, which have converged on a significant number of regulatory motifs that are statistically overrepresented in genes that are either differentially expressed (or differentially co-expressed) in cases and controls (e.g., V$KROX_Q6, p-value <3.31E-6; V$CREBP1_Q2, p-value <9.93E-6, V$YY1_02, p-value <1.65E-5). Conclusions/Significance Our analysis uncovered a network of transcription factors that potentially dysregulate several genes in MS or one or more of its disease subtypes. The most significant transcription factor motifs were for the Early Growth Response EGR/KROX family, ATF2, YY1 (Yin and Yang 1), E2F-1/DP-1 and E2F-4/DP-2 heterodimers, SOX5, and CREB and ATF families. These transcription factors are involved in early T-lymphocyte specification and commitment as well as in oligodendrocyte dedifferentiation and development, both pathways that have significant biological plausibility in MS causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Riveros
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Drew Mellor
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Kaushal S. Gandhi
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Fiona C. McKay
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Mathew B. Cox
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Regina Berretta
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - S. Yahya Vaezpour
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Department of Computer Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mario Inostroza-Ponta
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Simon A. Broadley
- School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Gold Coast Hospital, Southport, Australia
| | - Robert N. Heard
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Stephen Vucic
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Graeme J. Stewart
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Rodney J. Scott
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Jeanette Lechner-Scott
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
| | - David R. Booth
- Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | - Pablo Moscato
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Biomarker Discovery & Information-Based Medicine, University of Newcastle, and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics, St Lucia, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Zou YF, Wang F, Feng XL, Tao JH, Zhu JM, Pan FM, Su H. Association of NFKB1 -94ins/delATTG promoter polymorphism with susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 77:9-17. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2010.01559.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Park SM, Chang HS, Rhim T, Park SW, Jang AS, Park JS, Uh ST, Na JO, Hwang HG, Kim YH, Lee MY, Chung IY, Park BL, Shin HD, Park CS. Association of IKBA gene polymorphisms with the development of asthma. Hum Immunol 2010; 71:1147-53. [PMID: 20674643 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) orchestrates the expression of genes responsible for airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma. The activity of NF-κB is tightly regulated by IKBA, which may be modulated by genetic polymorphisms of the IKBA gene. We investigated the association between asthma susceptibility and IKBA gene polymorphisms in a Korean population. Genotyping was performed in BA (bronchial asthma) and NC (normal control). We measured reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and luciferase reporter assays, respectively. A -673A>T (rs2233407) was associated with asthma development in subjects with atopic asthma (odds ratio = 0.56, p = 0.004). The IKBA mRNA level was higher in B-cell lines with the rs2233407 TT genotype compared with those with the AA genotype (p = 0.024). The luciferase activity of the rs2233407 T genotype was higher than that of the A (p = 0.002). The cytoplasmic levels of total IKBA and IKBA [p-S32] were higher in B cell lines of the rs2233407 TT genotype than those of the AA (p = 0.016 and p = 0.036, respectively), whereas nuclear NF-κB activity in cells with the IKBA rs2233407 AA genotype was higher than in cells with the AA (p = 0.038). The IKBA rs2233407 A>T polymorphism may predispose individuals to the development of atopic asthma via regulation of IKBA gene expression at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Min Park
- Genome Research Center for Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Soonchunhyang University of Bucheon Hospital, Gyeonggi Do, Korea
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Association of the NFKBIA gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: a meta-analysis. Inflamm Res 2010; 60:11-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 04/19/2010] [Accepted: 05/05/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Faustman D, Davis M. TNF receptor 2 pathway: drug target for autoimmune diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:482-93. [PMID: 20489699 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although drug development has advanced for autoimmune diseases, many current therapies are hampered by adverse effects and the frequent destruction or inactivation of healthy cells in addition to pathological cells. Targeted autoimmune therapies capable of eradicating the rare autoreactive immune cells that are responsible for the attack on the body's own cells are yet to be identified. This Review presents a new emerging approach aimed at selectively destroying autoreactive immune cells by specific activation of tumour necrosis factor receptor 2 (TNFR2), which is found on autoreactive and normal T lymphocytes, with the potential of avoiding or reducing the toxicity observed with existing therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Faustman
- Immunobiology Laboratory, Room 3602, Building 149, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 13th Street, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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Miller MR, Zhang W, Sibbel SP, Langefeld CD, Bowden DW, Haffner SM, Bergman RN, Norris JM, Fingerlin TE. Variant in the 3' region of the IkappaBalpha gene associated with insulin resistance in Hispanic Americans: The IRAS Family Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2010; 18:555-62. [PMID: 19798070 PMCID: PMC3992855 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2009.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The IKKbeta/NF-kappaB pathway is known to play an important role in inflammatory response and has also recently been implicated in the process of insulin resistance. We hypothesized that one or more variants in the IkappaBalpha gene (NFKBIA) or surrounding untranslated regions would be associated with insulin sensitivity (S(I)) in Hispanic-American families. We tested for association between 25 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and near NFKBIA and S(I) in 981 individuals in 90 Hispanic-American families from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis (IRAS) Family Study. SNP rs1951276 in the 3' flanking region of NFKBIA was associated with S(I) in the San Antonio (SA) sample after adjusting for age, gender, and admixture (uncorrected P = 1.69 x 10(-5); conservative Bonferroni correction P = 3.38 x 10(-4)). Subjects with at least one A allele for NFKBIA rs1951276 had approximately 29% lower S(I) compared to individuals homozygous for the G allele in the SA sample. Although not statistically significant, the effect was in the same direction in the San Luis Valley (SLV) sample alone (P = 0.348) and was significant in the combined SA and SLV samples (P = 5.37 x 10(-4); presence of A allele associated with approximately 20% lower S(I)). In SA, when adjusted for subcutaneous adipose tissue area (SAT, cm(2)), the association was modestly attenuated (P = 1.25 x 10(-3)), but the association remained highly significant after adjustment for visceral adipose tissue area (VAT, cm(2); P = 4.41 x 10(-6)). These results provide corroborating evidence that the NF-kappaB/IKKbeta pathway may mediate obesity-induced insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Miller
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Scott P. Sibbel
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl D. Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald W. Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven M. Haffner
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Richard N. Bergman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Kurylowicz A, Miśkiewicz P, Bar-Andziak E, Nauman J, Bednarczuk T. Association of polymorphism in genes encoding kappaB inhibitors (IkappaB) with susceptibility to and phenotype of Graves' disease: a case-control study. Thyroid Res 2009; 2:10. [PMID: 19886988 PMCID: PMC2777844 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6614-2-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/03/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genes related to the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a key transcription factor involved in regulation of immune responses, are interesting candidates for association studies in autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate an association of polymorphisms in two genes encoding NF-κB inhibitors: IKBL (encoding inhibitor of κB-like) and NFKBIA (encoding κB inhibitor α), withsusceptibility to and phenotype of Graves' disease (GD). Methods A population-based, case-control association study comprising 481 patients with GD and 455 healthy controls was performed. We analyzed 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IKBL [promoter region -62T/A substitution (rs2071592), intron 1 C/T substitution (rs2071591) and exon 4 T/C substitution (rs3130062)] and 3 SNPs in NFKBIA [G/A substitution in 3' untranslated region (rs696) and two promoter region polymorphisms -297C/T (rs2233409) and -826C/T (rs2233406)] by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. Results The two SNPs in IKBL (rs2071592 and rs2071591) were in a strong linkage disequilibrium (D' = 0.835) and the AT haplotype was associated with susceptibility to GD (p < 10-4, OR = 1.61 [95%CI:1.21-2.14]). Moreover subgroup analysis revealed a gen-gen interaction between the investigated IKBL haplotype and HLA-DRB1*03 allele (p < 10-4). The investigated NFKBIA SNPs were not associated with susceptibility to GD. However, when correlated with phenotype, the -297T (rs2233409) and -826T (rs2233406) alleles were associated with the development of clinically evident ophthalmophaty (p = 0.004, pc = 0.07, OR = 1.65 [95%CI: 1.18-2.38] and p = 0.002, pc = 0.036, OR = 1.67 [95%CI: 1.20-2.36], respectively). Conclusion Our results suggest that SNPs in genes encoding NF-κB inhibitors may contribute to the development and clinical phenotype of GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Kurylowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Mossakowski Medical Research Center, Polish Academy of Science, Pawinskiego 5, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
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Gao J, Arbman G, He L, Qiao F, Zhang Z, Zhao Z, Rosell J, Sun XF. MANBA polymorphism was related to increased risk of colorectal cancer in Swedish but not in Chinese populations. Acta Oncol 2009; 47:372-8. [PMID: 17899454 DOI: 10.1080/02841860701644052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
beta-mannosidase, encoded by MANBA, has been suggested to be implicated in cancers, while genetic variations in the MANBA in relation to colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has not been examined. In this study, we investigated the relationship of a polymorphic CA repeat in MANBA gene with CRC risk in 152 Swedish CRC patients and 441 Swedish controls, and 196 Chinese CRC patients and 577 Chinese controls, as well as the clinicopathologic significance of this polymorphism on CRC patients, by using capillary electrophoresis. The MANBA genotypes were related to CRC risk in the Swedish population (p=0.03), but not in the Chinese population. In the Swedish population, individuals with < 22 CAs/< 22 CAs had significantly increased risk for CRC compared with those with >or=22 CAs/>or= 22 CAs (gender-age-adjusted analysis: OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.06-3.51). There was no relationship between the polymorphism and clinicopathologic variables. These findings suggest the different susceptibilities of this polymorphism to CRC development in the two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Gao
- Department of Oncology, Institute of Biomedicine and Surgery, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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Hung YH, Ou TT, Lin CH, Li RN, Lin YC, Tsai WC, Liu HW, Yen JH. IkBα promoter polymorphisms in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:93-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-0923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Chang ET, Birmann BM, Kasperzyk JL, Conti DV, Kraft P, Ambinder RF, Zheng T, Mueller NE. Polymorphic variation in NFKB1 and other aspirin-related genes and risk of Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18:976-86. [PMID: 19223558 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that regular use of aspirin may reduce the risk of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), a common cancer of adolescents and young adults in the United States. To explore possible biological mechanisms underlying this association, we investigated whether polymorphic variation in genes involved in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and inhibition, other inflammatory pathways, and aspirin metabolism influences HL risk. Twenty single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in seven genes were genotyped in DNA from 473 classical HL cases and 373 controls enrolled between 1997 and 2000 in a population-based case-control study in the Boston, Massachusetts, metropolitan area and the state of Connecticut. We selected target genes and SNPs primarily using a candidate-SNP approach and estimated haplotypes using the expectation-maximization algorithm. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) for associations with HL risk. HL risk was significantly associated with rs1585215 in NFKB1 (AG versus AA: OR, 2.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.5-2.9; GG versus AA: OR, 3.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-5.7, Ptrend=1.7x10(-8)) and with NFKB1 haplotypes (Pglobal=6.0x10(-21)). Similar associations were apparent across categories of age, sex, tumor EBV status, tumor histology, and regular aspirin use, although statistical power was limited for stratified analyses. Nominally significant associations with HL risk were detected for SNPs in NFKBIA and CYP2C9. HL risk was not associated with SNPs in IKKA/CHUK, PTGS2/COX2, UDP1A6, or LTC4S. In conclusion, genetic variation in the NF-kappaB pathway seems to influence risk of HL. Pooled studies are needed to detect any heterogeneity in the association with NF-kappaB across HL subgroups, including aspirin users and nonusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen T Chang
- Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, CA 94538, USA.
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Ou TT, Lin CH, Lin YC, Li RN, Tsai WC, Liu HW, Yen JH. IkappaBalpha promoter polymorphisms in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. J Clin Immunol 2008; 28:440-4. [PMID: 18600435 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-008-9212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the association of IkBalpha promoter polymorphisms with the development of primary Sjögren's syndrome in Taiwan, 98 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and 110 unrelated healthy controls were enrolled in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The IkappaBalpha -881 A/G, IkappaBalpha -826 C/T, IkappaBalpha -550 A/T, IkappaBalpha -519 C/T, and IkappaBalpha -297 C/T polymorphisms were determined by the methods of polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS This study demonstrated that the genotype frequencies of IkappaBalpha -826 C/T and IkappaBalpha -826 T/T, in comparison with that of IkappaBalpha -826 C/C, were significantly higher in the patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome than in the controls. The allele frequency of IkappaBalpha -881 G was significantly decreased in the patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome compared with that of the controls. In contrast, the allele frequency of IkappaBalpha -826 T was significantly higher in the patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome than in the controls. The similar findings could also be found in the allele carriage frequencies. The patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome had lower allele carriage frequencies of IkappaBalpha -881 G and IkappaBalpha -826 C, and a higher allele carriage frequency of IkappaBalpha -826 T. We also found that the estimated haplotype frequency of IkappaBalpha -881A-826T-550A-519C-297C was significantly increased in the patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome in comparison with that of the controls. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that the IkBalpha -826T allele and IkBalpha -881A-826T-550A-519C-297C haplotype were associated with susceptibility to primary Sjögren's syndrome in Taiwan. However, these findings may not be disease-specific but may be related to inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsan-Teng Ou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Zihyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Wang SC, Ou TT, Li RN, Tsai WC, Liu HW, Yen JH. IκBα Promoter Polymorphisms in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 2007; 28:207-13. [PMID: 18071880 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-007-9156-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hui Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Zihyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
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Leshinsky-Silver E, Karban A, Cohen S, Fridlander M, Davidowich O, Kimmel G, Shamir R, Levine A. Lack of association of the 3'-UTR polymorphism in the NFKBIA gene with Crohn's disease in an Israeli cohort. Int J Colorectal Dis 2007; 22:1021-5. [PMID: 17333217 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-007-0287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract associated with dysregulation of the immune response. It is caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors. Patients with CD have a TH1-type inflammatory response characterized by nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) activation. Mutations in the bacterial pattern recognition receptors NOD2/CARD15 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) genes, which lead to activation of NFkappaB under normal circumstances, have been associated with increased susceptibility for CD. NFkappaB plays a critical role in the immune response and is down-regulated by NFkappaB inhibitor alpha (NFKBIA). NFKBIA was found to be a susceptibility gene for German CD patients lacking NOD2/CARD15 mutations. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort of 231 Israeli CD patients previously genotyped for the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CARD15, TLR4 susceptibility genes for CD, was analyzed for the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) SNP of the NFKBIA gene in comparison to 100 healthy ethnically matched controls. We evaluated the contribution of the 3'-UTR SNP in NFKBIA in patients with or without other SNPs in CARD15 to age of onset, disease location, and disease behavior (Vienna classification). RESULTS We did not identify a significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies between either groups or an effect on phenotype. No interactions were found between NFKBIA and any NOD2. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of population diversity to susceptibility genes for CD plays an important role in disease-associated variants and is important for better understanding of the pathologic mechanisms of the polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Leshinsky-Silver
- Molecular Genetics Lab, E Wolfson Medical Center, POB 5, Holon, Israel, 58100.
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Chapman SJ, Khor CC, Vannberg FO, Frodsham A, Walley A, Maskell NA, Davies CWH, Segal S, Moore CE, Gillespie SH, Denny P, Day NP, Crook DW, Davies RJO, Hill AVS. IκB Genetic Polymorphisms and Invasive Pneumococcal Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007; 176:181-7. [PMID: 17463416 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200702-169oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Increasing evidence supports a key role for the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in the host response to pneumococcal infection. Control of NF-kappaB activity is achieved through interactions with the IkappaB family of inhibitors, encoded by the genes NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and NFKBIE. Rare NFKBIA mutations cause immunodeficiency with severe bacterial infection, raising the possibility that common IkappaB gene polymorphisms confer susceptibility to common bacterial disease. OBJECTIVES To determine whether polymorphisms in NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and NFKBIE associate with susceptibility to invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and thoracic empyema. METHODS We studied the frequencies of 62 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across NFKBIA, NFKBIB, and NFKBIE in individuals with IPD and control subjects (n=1,060). Significantly associated SNPs were then studied in a group of individuals with thoracic empyema and a second control group (n=632). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Two SNPs in the NFKBIA promoter region were associated with protection from IPD in both the initial study group and the pneumococcal empyema subgroup. Significant protection from IPD was observed for carriage of mutant alleles at these two loci on combining the groups (SNP rs3138053: Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 chi2=13.030, p=0.0003; odds ratio [OR], 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.79; rs2233406: Mantel-Haenszel 2x2 chi2=18.927, p=0.00001; OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.42-0.72). An NFKBIE SNP associated with susceptibility to IPD but not pneumococcal empyema. None of the NFKBIB SNPs associated with IPD susceptibility. CONCLUSIONS NFKBIA polymorphisms associate with susceptibility to IPD. Genetic variation in an inhibitor of NF-kappaB therefore not only causes a very rare immunodeficiency state but may also influence the development of common infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Chapman
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, and Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Churchill Hospital Site, Oxford Radcliffe Hospital, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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Zhai R, Zhou W, Gong MN, Thompson BT, Su L, Yu C, Kraft P, Christiani DC. Inhibitor kappaB-alpha haplotype GTC is associated with susceptibility to acute respiratory distress syndrome in Caucasians. Crit Care Med 2007; 35:893-8. [PMID: 17235259 DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000256845.92640.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB regulates inflammatory responses and plays important roles in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Inhibitor kappaB-alpha (NFKBIA) inhibits NF-kappaB and controls its activities. The objective was to determine whether polymorphisms in NFKBIA gene would be associated with ARDS development. DESIGN Prospective cohort of adults with clinical risk factors for ARDS. SETTING Hospital system. PATIENTS Patients were 1,210 critically ill Caucasian patients meeting study criteria for a defined risk factor for ARDS who were enrolled and prospectively followed for 60 days; 382 had ARDS, and 828 were controls. INTERVENTIONS Genetic polymorphisms in the NFKBIA promoter (-881A/G, -826C/T, -297C/T) were determined using TaqMan techniques. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The three polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. No individual genotype was significantly associated with ARDS development. In contrast, haplotypes of NFKBIA were globally associated with ARDS development (p = .02, degree of freedom = 2). The frequency of haplotype GTC (-881G/-826T/-297C) was significantly higher among ARDS patients (7.4%) than that among controls (5.2%) (p = .03). Crude analysis showed that the haplotype GTC was significantly associated with higher risks of ARDS in the whole cohort compared with the common haplotype ACC (-881A/-826C/-297C) (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-2.09; p = .03), especially among male subjects (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.20-2.97; p < .01). After adjustment for covariates, the haplotype GTC remained significantly associated with increased risk of ARDS in the whole cohort (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.09-2.53; p = .02), particularly among male patients (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.16-3.40; p = .02) and among subjects with direct pulmonary injury (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.04-2.95; p = .04). CONCLUSIONS The haplotype GTC of NFKBIA gene is associated with higher risk of ARDS in Caucasians, particularly in male patients and in patients with direct lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rihong Zhai
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Lin CH, Ou TT, Wu CC, Tsai WC, Liu HW, Yen JH. I?B? promoter polymorphisms in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:51-4. [PMID: 17284228 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of inhibitor of kappaBalpha promoter polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 140 patients with RA and 115 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The IkappaBalpha promoter polymorphisms were determined using the polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphisms method. In comparison with IkappaBalpha-826 C/C, the genotype frequency of IkappaBalpha-826 C/T was significantly higher in the patients with RA than that of the controls (P = 0.009, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.2-3.4). The allele frequency of IkappaBalpha-826 T was also significantly increased in patients with RA when compared with that of the controls (P = 0.027, OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.4). In comparison with IkappaBalpha-550 A/A, the genotype frequency of IkappaBalpha-550 A/T was significantly decreased in patients with RA when compared with that of the controls (P = 0.02, OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.06-0.8). The allele frequency of IkappaBalpha-550 A was significantly increased in patients with RA (P = 0.007, OR = 5.1, 95% = 1.4-18.2). This study also revealed that the IkappaBalpha-826 T -550 A -519 C haplotype was significantly increased in patients with RA in comparison to that of controls (P = 0.01, OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1-2.8). The IkappaBalpha-826 T and -550 A alleles are associated with susceptibility to RA. Moreover, the IkappaBalpha-826 T -550 A -519 C haplotype is associated with susceptibility to RA in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-H Lin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Taiwan
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Dale E, Davis M, Faustman DL. A role for transcription factor NF-kappaB in autoimmunity: possible interactions of genes, sex, and the immune response. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2006; 30:152-8. [PMID: 17108242 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00065.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones have long been implicated in autoimmune diseases because women account for 80% of cases. The mechanism of hormonal action in autoimmunity is unknown. Drawing on genetic studies of autoimmune disease, this article discusses how both genes and sex hormones may exert their effects through the same general mechanism, dysregulation of transcription factor NF-kappaB, an immunoregulatory protein. Gene and hormone alterations of the NF-kappaB signaling cascade provide a unifying hypothesis to explain the wide-ranging human and murine autoimmune disease phenotypes regulated by NF-kappaB, including cytokine balance, antigen presentation, lymphoid development, and lymphoid repertoire selection by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Dale
- Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital-East, Boston, Massachusetts 02192, USA
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Hoffjan S, Parwez Q, Petrasch-Parwez E, Falkenstein D, Nothnagel M, Epplen JT. Association screen for atopic dermatitis candidate gene regions using microsatellite markers in pooled DNA samples. Int J Immunogenet 2006; 33:401-9. [PMID: 17117949 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2006.00631.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 16% of children in developed countries. A complex genetic background for AD has been suggested, with genetic as well as environmental factors influencing disease susceptibility. Among other factors, dysregulation in both the innate and the adaptive immune system has been proposed to play a role in AD pathophysiology. We present here an extended association screen for AD using microsatellite markers in 154 genes related to innate and adaptive immunity in pooled DNA samples from 150 German children with AD and 100 controls. After Bonferroni correction, no marker revealed a significant association with AD. Yet, markers representing the nuclear factor kappa B (NFKB)1 and chemokine receptor (CCR)4 genes showed differences in allelic distributions between cases and controls for both pooled DNA analysis and individual genotyping and were thus further investigated. Evaluation of additional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the NFKB1 and CCR4 genes revealed no association of individual SNPs with AD. In contrast, haplotype analyses showed a significantly different haplotype distribution between patients and controls for CCR4 (P < 0.001). Furthermore, when SNP-SNP interaction effects were analysed for these two genes, we found significant evidence for epistatic interactions between SNPs within each of the two genes but no evidence for a gene-gene interaction, suggesting that variation in or near both the CCR4 and the NFKB1 genes might individually contribute to AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hoffjan
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
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Ota M, Katsuyama Y, Hamano H, Umemura T, Kimura A, Yoshizawa K, Kiyosawa K, Fukushima H, Bahram S, Inoko H, Kawa S. Two critical genes (HLA-DRB1 and ABCF1)in the HLA region are associated with the susceptibility to autoimmune pancreatitis. Immunogenetics 2006; 59:45-52. [PMID: 17119950 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-006-0178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 10/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is a bioclinical entity characterized by high serum immunoglobulin G4 concentrations and association with the HLA-DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401 haplotype. However, the precise identity of gene(s) within this haplotype directly responsible for AIP pathogenesis is yet to be established. To dissect the genetic contribution of the incriminated haplotype, we have now performed an association analysis within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region using various types of polymorphic markers. Genomic DNAs from 43 AIP patients and 213 unrelated Japanese controls were used in this analysis. In each DNA sample, we established the genotype of 25 microsatellite markers distributed throughout the HLA region, that of single nucleotide polymorphism within the 5'-flanking regions of the TNFA and IkBLI (also known as NFKBIL1) as well as HLA class I and II genes. The HLA-linked susceptibility regions for AIP were localized to two segments: HLA-DRB1 (*0405; OR = 3.20, P = 0.00063, Pc = 0.0016) -DQB1 (*0401; OR = 3.29, P = 0.00046, Pc = 0.0069) in the HLA class II and C3-2-11 microsatellite (allele 219; OR = 2.96, P = 0.0076, Pc = 0.099) in the HLA class I regions. Upon stratification analysis in search for a synergistic effect given the extensive linkage disequilibrium within the major histocompatibility complex, it was established that each segment contributed to disease pathogenesis. The two critical HLA regions for susceptibility to AIP are limited to the HLA-DRB1*0405-DQB1*0401 in the class II and the ABCF1 proximal to C3-2-11, telomeric of HLA-E, in the class I regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Ota
- Department of Legal Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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Schmidt S, Pericak-Vance MA, Sawcer S, Barcellos LF, Hart J, Sims J, Prokop AM, van der Walt J, DeLoa C, Lincoln RR, Oksenberg JR, Compston A, Hauser SL, Haines JL, Gregory SG. Allelic association of sequence variants in the herpes virus entry mediator-B gene (PVRL2) with the severity of multiple sclerosis. Genes Immun 2006; 7:384-92. [PMID: 16738668 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Discrepant findings have been reported regarding an association of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene with the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS). To resolve these discrepancies, we examined common sequence variation in six candidate genes residing in a 380-kb genomic region surrounding and including the APOE locus for an association with MS severity. We genotyped at least three polymorphisms in each of six candidate genes in 1,540 Caucasian MS families (729 single-case and multiple-case families from the United States, 811 single-case families from the UK). By applying the quantitative transmission/disequilibrium test to a recently proposed MS severity score, the only statistically significant (P=0.003) association with MS severity was found for an intronic variant in the Herpes Virus Entry Mediator-B Gene PVRL2. Additional genotyping extended the association to a 16.6 kb block spanning intron 1 to intron 2 of the gene. Sequencing of PVRL2 failed to identify variants with an obvious functional role. In conclusion, the analysis of a very large data set suggests that genetic polymorphisms in PVRL2 may influence MS severity and supports the possibility that viral factors may contribute to the clinical course of MS, consistent with previous reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Schmidt
- Center for Human Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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