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Wang H, Zhang L, Kung SKP. Emerging applications of lentiviral vectors in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy. Immunotherapy 2010; 2:685-95. [DOI: 10.2217/imt.10.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells are professional antigen-presenting cells that initiate, regulate and shape the induction of specific immune responses. The ability to use dendritic cells in the induction of antigen-specific tolerance, antigen-specific immunity or specific differentiation of T-helper subsets holds great promise in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy of various diseases such as cancer, viral infections, allergy, as well as autoimmunity. Replication-incompetent HIV-1-based lentiviral vector is now emerging as a promising delivery system to genetically modify dendritic cells through antigen recognition, costimulatory molecules and/or polarization signals for the manipulation of antigen-specific immunity in vivo. This article discusses some of the recent advances in the uses of lentiviral vectors in dendritic cell-based immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Wang
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Room 417 Apotex Center, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
| | - Liang Zhang
- University of Manitoba, Department of Immunology, Room 417 Apotex Center, 750 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0T5, Canada
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Vassalli G, Roehrich ME, Vogt P, Pedrazzini GB, Siclari F, Moccetti T, von Segesser LK. Modalities and future prospects of gene therapy in heart transplantation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009; 35:1036-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 01/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Laurence JM, Allen RDM, McCaughan GW, Logan GJ, Alexander IE, Bishop GA, Sharland AF. Gene therapy in transplantation. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2009; 23:159-70. [PMID: 19428235 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is an exciting and novel technology that offers the prospect of improving transplant outcomes beyond those achievable with current clinical protocols. This review explores both the candidate genes and ways in which they have been deployed to overcome both immune and non-immune barriers to transplantation success in experimental models. Finally, the major obstacles to implementing gene therapy in the clinic are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome M Laurence
- Collaborative Transplantation Research Group, Bosch Insitute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital and University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Forman D, Tian C, Iacomini J. Induction of donor-specific tolerance in sublethally irradiated recipients by gene therapy. Mol Ther 2005; 12:353-9. [PMID: 15939670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-specific transplantation tolerance can be established through the induction of molecular chimerism following reconstitution of lethally irradiated mice with autologous bone marrow expressing retrovirally transduced allogeneic MHC antigens. Here, we set out to define nonmyeloablative host conditioning regimens that would allow for establishment of molecular chimerism and the induction of donor-specific tolerance. Recipient mice received various doses of whole-body irradiation, together with costimulatory blockade using anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody prior to reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow cells transduced with retroviruses carrying the gene encoding H-2K(b). Conditioning consisting of 3 Gy whole-body irradiation and treatment with anti-CD154 was sufficient to induce molecular chimerism resulting in stable multilineage expression of K(b) on hematopoietic cells. T cells from molecular chimeras were unable to lyse allogeneic targets expressing K(b) and contained substantially fewer K(b)-reactive IL-2- and IFN-gamma-producing CD4 T cells than controls receiving mock-transduced bone marrow. Induction of molecular chimerism using nonmyeloablative host conditioning allowed for permanent survival of K(b)-disparate allogeneic skin grafts. These data suggest that nonmyeloablative host conditioning can be used effectively to induce molecular chimerism resulting in transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daron Forman
- Transplantation Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Bigger BW, Siapati EK, Mistry A, Waddington SN, Nivsarkar MS, Jacobs L, Perrett R, Holder MV, Ridler C, Kemball-Cook G, Ali RR, Forbes SJ, Coutelle C, Wright N, Alison M, Thrasher AJ, Bonnet D, Themis M. Permanent partial phenotypic correction and tolerance in a mouse model of hemophilia B by stem cell gene delivery of human factor IX. Gene Ther 2005; 13:117-26. [PMID: 16163377 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Immune responses against an introduced transgenic protein are a potential risk in many gene replacement strategies to treat genetic disease. We have developed a gene delivery approach for hemophilia B based on lentiviral expression of human factor IX in purified hematopoietic stem cells. In both normal C57Bl/6J and hemophilic 129/Sv recipient mice, we observed the production of therapeutic levels of human factor IX, persisting for at least a year with tolerance to human factor IX antigen. Secondary and tertiary recipients also demonstrate long-term production of therapeutic levels of human factor IX and tolerance, even at very low levels of donor chimerism. Furthermore, in hemophilic mice, partial functional correction of treated mice and phenotypic rescue is achieved. These data show the potential of a stem cell approach to gene delivery to tolerize recipients to a secreted foreign transgenic protein and, with appropriate modification, may be of use in developing treatments for other genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Bigger
- Gene Therapy Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, South Kensington, UK.
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Zhang JL, Cai J, Jackson JD, Walls S, Kuszynski CA, Fox IJ. Competitive equality of donor cells expressing a disparate MHC antigen following stem cell-enriched bone marrow transplantation. Transplantation 2005; 79:1332-7. [PMID: 15912100 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000159871.01132.5d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone marrow cells expressing foreign MHC antigens survive poorly after transplantation. Stable mixed hematopoietic chimerism requires reconstitution with a relatively large number of foreign bone marrow cells and intensive depletion of host cells. In addition, when foreign MHC-transduced autologous bone marrow cells are transplanted, prolonged hematopoietic transgene expression requires extensive host conditioning. The competitive disadvantage associated with engraftment of donor cells expressing foreign MHC antigens is thought to result from a defect in engraftment secondary to donor-host incompatibility or immunologic resistance by the host. METHODS We used a limiting-dilution competitive repopulation assay with cells from HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice to determine whether and to what extent foreign MHC antigen expression impairs engraftment in C57BL/6 hosts. Transplants were performed with Hoechst 33342 fluorescence-sorted side population (SP) cells, a subset of bone marrow enriched for stem cells. RESULTS.: Transplantation with 250 stem cell-enriched HLA-A2.1-transgenic side population cells successfully competed with nearly 5000 host C57BL/6 side population cells to produce stable long-term mixed chimerism. There was a direct relationship between the number of transplanted donor HLA-A2-expressing cells and the percentage of HLA-A2-expressing cells in the peripheral blood of reconstituted C57BL/6 mice (r2=0.1799, P=0.031). This correlation was maintained in secondary transplant recipients. CONCLUSIONS HLA-A2-expressing hematopoietic cells do not have an engraftment defect when transplanted into C57BL/6 hosts and immunologic resistance did not limit chimerism following lethal irradiation. These results may have relevance to understanding long-term gene expression after hematopoietic stem cell based gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Zhang
- Departments of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3285, USA
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Zhang JL, Cai J, Jackson JD, Kuszynski CA, Walls S, McIvor RS, Fox IJ. Long-term transgene expression and survival of transgene-expressing grafts following lentivirus transduction of bone marrow side population cells. Transplantation 2005; 79:882-8. [PMID: 15849539 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000148915.65427.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful transduction of hematopoietic stem cells is essential if gene therapy is to be used clinically to induce immunologic tolerance. METHODS Hoechst 33342 staining was used to isolate a population of bone marrow cells enriched for stem cells, termed side population (SP) cells. Murine bone marrow SP cells were transduced with HLA-A2.1-expressing VSV-G-pseudotyped lentivirus or retrovirus vectors under identical conditions. RESULTS After transduction without prestimulating cytokines, which minimizes cell cycling and helps maintain stem cell pluripotency, the HLA-A2.1 gene was found in the DNA of 56% of CFU-GM colonies derived from lentivirus-transduced SP cells, but in only 4% of colonies derived from retrovirus-transduced SP cells. Lentivirus and retrovirus transduction including cytokine prestimulation produced the same degree of integration as that following lentivirus-transduction of non-prestimulated cells. Transplantation of 5,000 lentivirus-transduced SP cells into lethally irradiated mice resulted in long-term expression of the HLA-A2.1 transgene in peripheral blood progeny of bone marrow SP cells and prolonged skin graft survival across this class I MHC barrier until the time of animal sacrifice. CONCLUSIONS Recombinant lentivirus, but not retrovirus vectors, effectively transduced SP cells that were not prestimulated with cytokines and lentivirus-transduced SP cells successfully repopulated lethally irradiated C57BL/6 mice, animals where there is no selective advantage to repopulation with transduced cells. Transplantation of a relatively small number of transduced SP cells led to prolonged transgene mRNA expression and antigen-specific survival of grafts expressing the foreign MHC transgene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai-lin Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3285, USA
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Bein G. Immunmodulatorische Wirkung von Bluttransfusionen. TRANSFUSIONSMEDIZIN 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-10597-9_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Organ preservation aims to provide a viable graft with primary function post-transplant. The current basis of preservation for transplantation is static cold storage using specific preservation solutions which minimise cellular swelling and membrane pump activity, thus maintaining cellular ATP levels. The current organ shortage and consequent expansion of donor criteria places even greater reliance on minimising graft injury during preservation. This review focuses on current and future advances in preservation technology. The key areas of advance are additives to preservation solutions, alternatives/adjuncts to preservation solutions including perfluorocarbons. A major area of advance is in the modulation of organs during the storage period. This may be achieved by biochemical additives or genetic manipulation. Machine perfusion technology is improving, and this is discussed together with the recent concept of warm (normothermic) perfusion as an alternative means of preservation. The authors provide an overview over the current methods of organ preservation. Cold storage, effective in the short-term is insufficient for marginal organs, does not allow assessment of viability markers, and provokes ischaemic injury. Potential strategies for minimising ischaemic injury include additives to preservation solutions; the two-layer method with perfluorcarbons and UW solution-at present limited to pancreas preservation; organ modulation; organ preconditioning and genetic modification of organs. In particular, the authors illuminate the potential in a reappraisal of the concept of normothermic perfusion.
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Andersson G, Denaro M, Johnson K, Morgan P, Sullivan A, Houser S, Patience C, White-Scharf ME, Down JD. Engraftment of retroviral EGFP-transduced bone marrow in mice prevents rejection of EGFP-transgenic skin grafts. Mol Ther 2003; 8:385-91. [PMID: 12946311 DOI: 10.1016/s1525-0016(03)00210-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated whether a state of tolerance toward EGFP-expressing skin tissue can be induced by prior establishment of EGFP molecular chimerism by transplant of gene-transduced bone marrow in mice. Irradiated (10 Gy) C57BL/6J mice were transplanted with bone marrow cells transduced with two different retroviral vectors encoding EGFP. EGFP-transduced, mock-transduced, and age-matched control mice received skin grafts from both C57BL/6 EGFP-transgenic (B6-EGFP. Tg) and MHC-mismatched B10.A donor mice at 8, 29, or 39 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. Although 14 of 17 control mice rejected EGFP.Tg skin grafts within 100 days, 24 of 25 mice receiving EGFP-expressing bone marrow cells accepted their B6-EGFP.Tg grafts out to 200 days after skin grafting, including animals with undetectable levels of EGFP expression in blood cells. The EGFP-transduced animals rejected third-party grafts from MHC-mismatched mice within 20 days, indicating that acceptance of the EGFP-expressing skin grafts was the result of the induction of specific and operational immune tolerance. Thus, our data indicate that (a) EGFP-expressing tissue elicits an immunological rejection in C57BL/6 mice and (b) tolerance can be induced by engrafting relatively small numbers of EGFP-transduced hematopoietic cells. These experiments utilizing EGFP as an immunogen point to the wider therapeutic potential of employing transplantation of gene-transduced hematopoietic cells for establishing immunological tolerance and thereby preventing rejection of gene-corrected cells and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Andersson
- BioTransplant Incorporated, Charlestown Navy Yard, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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Andersson G, Illigens BMW, Johnson KW, Calderhead D, LeGuern C, Benichou G, White-Scharf ME, Down JD. Nonmyeloablative conditioning is sufficient to allow engraftment of EGFP-expressing bone marrow and subsequent acceptance of EGFP-transgenic skin grafts in mice. Blood 2003; 101:4305-12. [PMID: 12576326 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-06-1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunologic reactions against gene therapy products may prove to be a frequent problem in clinical gene therapy protocols. Enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP) is commonly used as a marker in gene transfer protocols, and immune responses against EGFP-expressing cells have been documented. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a pharmacologic, nonmyeloablative, conditioning regimen on the development of EGFP+ donor/recipient mixed bone marrow chimerism and ensuing tolerance to EGFP-expressing transplants. To this end, C57BL/6J (B6) mice were treated with soluble formulations of either busulfan (Busulfex) or the closely related compound treosulfan, followed by transplantation of bone marrow cells from EGFP-transgenic (B6-EGFP.Tg) donor mice. Such conditioning regimens resulted in long-term persistence of donor EGFP+ cells among various hematopoietic lineages from blood, bone marrow, and thymus. Stable hematopoietic chimeras transplanted at 10 to 17 weeks after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with B6-EGFP.Tg skin grafts all accepted their transplants, whereas non-EGFP chimeric B6 control animals were able to mount rejection of the EGFP+ B6 skin grafts. Control third-party grafts from major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched mice were rejected within 20 days, indicating that acceptance of EGFP-expressing skin grafts was the result of specific immune tolerance induction by the transplantation of EGFP-transgenic bone marrow. Long-term tolerance to EGFP in chimeric recipients was confirmed by the absence of anti-EGFP-reactive T cells and antibodies. These results broaden the therapeutic potential for using hematopoietic molecular chimerism in nonmyeloablated recipients as a means of preventing rejection of genetically modified cells.
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Abstract
One major complication facing organ transplant recipients is the requirement for life-long systemic immunosuppression to prevent rejection, which is associated with an increased incidence of malignancy and susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Gene therapy has the potential to eliminate problems associated with immunosuppression by allowing the production of immunomodulatory proteins in the donor grafts resulting in local rather than systemic immunosuppression. Alternatively, gene therapy approaches could eliminate the requirement for general immunosuppression by allowing the induction of donor-specific tolerance. Gene therapy interventions may also be able to prevent graft damage owing to nonimmune-mediated graft loss or injury and prevent chronic rejection. This review will focus on recent progress in preventing transplant rejection by gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bagley
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
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