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Sakuma T, Makino K, Terada H, Takeuchi I, Mitova V, Troev K. Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Diblock Polyphosphoesters Containing Lactic Acid Units for Potential Drug Delivery Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:5243. [PMID: 37446904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multistep one-pot polycondensation reactions synthesized amphiphilic diblock polyphosphoesters containing lactic acid units in the polymer backbone. At the first step was synthesized poly[poly(ethylene glycol) H-phosphonate-b-poly(ethylene glycol)lactate H-phosphonate] was converted through one pot oxidation into poly[alkylpoly(ethylene glycol) phosphate-b-alkylpoly(ethylene glycol)lactate phosphate]s. They were characterized by 1H, 13C {H},31P NMR, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The effects of the polymer composition on micelle formation and stability, and micelle size were studied via dynamic light scattering (DLS). The hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of these polymers can be controlled by changing the chain lengths of hydrophobic alcohols. Drug loading and encapsulation efficiency tests using Sudan III and doxorubicin revealed that hydrophobic substances can be incorporated inside the hydrophobic core of polymer micelles. The micelle size was 72-108 nm when encapsulating Sudan III and 89-116 nm when encapsulating doxorubicin. Loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency depend on the length of alkyl side chains. Changing the alkyl side chain from 8 to 16 carbon atoms increased micelle-encapsulated Sudan III and doxorubicin by 1.6- and 1.1-fold, respectively. The results obtained indicate that these diblock copolymers have the potential as drug carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sakuma
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kimiko Makino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Issei Takeuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Josai International University, 1 Gumyo, Togane 283-8555, Chiba, Japan
| | - Violeta Mitova
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kolio Troev
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641, Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 113 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Tuntun SM, Sahadat Hossain M, Uddin MN, Shaikh MAA, Bahadur NM, Ahmed S. Crystallographic characterization and application of copper doped hydroxyapatite as a biomaterial. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cu-doped hydroxyapatite is synthesized from eggshell and its suitability as a potential biomaterial is examined via cytotoxicity, haemolysis and antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supanna Malek Tuntun
- Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Sientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sahadat Hossain
- Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Sientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Najem Uddin
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Aftab Ali Shaikh
- Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Sientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
| | - Newaz Mohammed Bahadur
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Samina Ahmed
- Institute of Glass & Ceramic Research and Testing, Bangladesh Council of Sientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
- BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
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Ahmed Z, Qaisar R. Nanomedicine for Treating Muscle Dystrophies: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231912039. [PMID: 36233338 PMCID: PMC9569435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231912039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscular diseases characterized by impaired muscle regeneration, which leads to pathological inflammation that drives muscle wasting and eventually results in weakness, functional dependency, and premature death. The most known causes of death include respiratory muscle failure due to diaphragm muscle decay. There is no definitive treatment for muscular dystrophies, and conventional therapies aim to ameliorate muscle wasting by promoting physiological muscle regeneration and growth. However, their effects on muscle function remain limited, illustrating the requirement for major advancements in novel approaches to treatments, such as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that seeks to optimize drug delivery to target tissues by merging pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. However, the therapeutic potential of nanomedicine in muscular dystrophies is poorly understood. This review highlights recent work in the application of nanomedicine in treating muscular dystrophies. First, we discuss the history and applications of nanomedicine from a broader perspective. Second, we address the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery, gene regulation, and editing to target Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy. Next, we highlight the potential hindrances and limitations of using nanomedicine in the context of cell culture and animal models. Finally, the future perspectives for using nanomedicine in clinics are summarized with relevance to muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaheer Ahmed
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rizwan Qaisar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7254; Fax: +971-6558-5879
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Colapicchioni V, Millozzi F, Parolini O, Palacios D. Nanomedicine, a valuable tool for skeletal muscle disorders: Challenges, promises, and limitations. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1777. [PMID: 35092179 PMCID: PMC9285803 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscular dystrophies are a group of rare genetic disorders characterized by progressive muscle weakness, which, in the most severe forms, leads to the patient's death due to cardiorespiratory problems. There is still no cure available for these diseases and significant effort is being placed into developing new strategies to either correct the genetic defect or to compensate muscle loss by stimulating skeletal muscle regeneration. However, the vast anatomical extension of the target tissue poses great challenges to these goals, highlighting the need for complementary strategies. Nanomedicine is an actively evolving field that merges nanotechnologies with biomedical and pharmaceutical sciences. It holds great potential in regenerative medicine, both in supporting tissue engineering and regeneration, and in optimizing drug and oligonucleotide delivery and gene therapy strategies. In this review, we will summarize the state‐of‐the‐art in the field of nanomedicine applied to skeletal muscle regeneration. We will discuss the recent work toward the development of nanopatterned scaffolds for tissue engineering, the efforts in the synthesis of organic and inorganic nanoparticles for gene therapy and drug delivery applications, as well as their use as immune modulators. Although nanomedicine holds great promise for muscle and other degenerative diseases, many challenges still need to be systematically addressed to assure a smooth transition from the bench to the bedside. This article is categorized under:Implantable Materials and Surgical Technologies > Nanotechnology in Tissue Repair and Replacement
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Colapicchioni
- Italian National Research Council, Institute for Atmospheric Pollution Research (CNR-IIA), Rome, Italy.,Mhetra LLC, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Francesco Millozzi
- Histology and Embryology Unit, DAHFMO, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Palacios
- Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Li H, Zhou R, He J, Zhang M, Liu J, Sun X, Ni P. Glucose-Sensitive Core-Cross-Linked Nanoparticles Constructed with Polyphosphoester Diblock Copolymer for Controlling Insulin Delivery. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:2095-2107. [PMID: 34469130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to construct biocompatible, biodegradable core-cross-linked and insulin-loaded nanoparticles which are sensitive to glucose and release insulin via cleavage of the nanoparticles in a high-concentration blood glucose environment. First, a polyphosphoester-based diblock copolymer (PBYP-g-Gluc)-b-PEEP was prepared via ring-opening copolymerization (ROP) and the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) in which PBYP and PEEP represent the polymer segments from 2-(but-3-yn-1-yloxy)-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane and 2-ethoxy-2-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, respectively, and Gluc comes from 2-azidoethyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (Gluc-N3) that grafted with PBYP. The structure and molecular weight of the copolymer were characterized by 1H NMR, 31P NMR, GPC, FT-IR, and UV-vis measurements. The amphiphilic copolymer could self-assemble into core-shell uncore-cross-linked nanoparticles (UCCL NPs) in aqueous solutions and form core-cross-linked nanoparticles (CCL NPs) after adding cross-linking agent adipoylamidophenylboronic acid (AAPBA). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to study the self-assembly behavior of the two kinds of NPs and the effect of different Gluc group contents on the size of NPs further to verify the stability and glucose sensitivity of CCL NPs. The ability of NPs to load fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled insulin (FITC-insulin) and their glucose-triggered release behavior were detected by a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results of methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and hemolysis activity experiments showed that the CCL NPs had good biocompatibility. An in vivo hypoglycemic study has shown that FITC-insulin-loaded CCL NPs could reduce blood glucose and have a protective effect on hypoglycemia. This research provides a new method for constructing biodegradable and glucose-sensitive core-cross-linked nanomedicine carriers for controlled insulin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Ru Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinlin He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xingwei Sun
- Intervention Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, P. R. China
| | - Peihong Ni
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Andreana I, Repellin M, Carton F, Kryza D, Briançon S, Chazaud B, Mounier R, Arpicco S, Malatesta M, Stella B, Lollo G. Nanomedicine for Gene Delivery and Drug Repurposing in the Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:278. [PMID: 33669654 PMCID: PMC7922331 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscular Dystrophies (MDs) are a group of rare inherited genetic muscular pathologies encompassing a variety of clinical phenotypes, gene mutations and mechanisms of disease. MDs undergo progressive skeletal muscle degeneration causing severe health problems that lead to poor life quality, disability and premature death. There are no available therapies to counteract the causes of these diseases and conventional treatments are administered only to mitigate symptoms. Recent understanding on the pathogenetic mechanisms allowed the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on gene therapy, genome editing CRISPR/Cas9 and drug repurposing approaches. Despite the therapeutic potential of these treatments, once the actives are administered, their instability, susceptibility to degradation and toxicity limit their applications. In this frame, the design of delivery strategies based on nanomedicines holds great promise for MD treatments. This review focuses on nanomedicine approaches able to encapsulate therapeutic agents such as small chemical molecules and oligonucleotides to target the most common MDs such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and the Myotonic Dystrophies. The challenge related to in vitro and in vivo testing of nanosystems in appropriate animal models is also addressed. Finally, the most promising nanomedicine-based strategies are highlighted and a critical view in future developments of nanomedicine for neuromuscular diseases is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Andreana
- Laboratoire d’Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (I.A.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Mathieu Repellin
- Laboratoire d’Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (I.A.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Flavia Carton
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.)
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - David Kryza
- Laboratoire d’Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (I.A.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69437 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Briançon
- Laboratoire d’Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (I.A.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
| | - Bénédicte Chazaud
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, University of Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; (B.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Rémi Mounier
- Institut NeuroMyoGène, University of Lyon, INSERM U1217, CNRS UMR 5310, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France; (B.C.); (R.M.)
| | - Silvia Arpicco
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Manuela Malatesta
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, Anatomy and Histology Section, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (F.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Barbara Stella
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Lollo
- Laboratoire d’Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France; (I.A.); (M.R.); (D.K.); (S.B.)
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Efficient and Low Cytotoxicity Gene Carriers Based on Amine-Functionalized Polyvinylpyrrolidone. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112724. [PMID: 33212976 PMCID: PMC7698542 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-viral vectors are a safety tool for gene therapy to deliver therapeutic genes. Among the different non-viral vectors, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), a well-known hydrosoluble, neutral, and non-toxic polymer, satisfies the requirements and becomes a suitable candidate for gene delivery. In this study, we describe the preparation of polyvinylpyrrolidones decorated with pyrrolidine, piperidine, and piperazine groups, and evaluate them in vitro as non-viral gene carriers. The properties of these new systems are compared with those of hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (PEI) used as a positive control. Their ability to complex DNA at different N/P molar ratios, from 1:1 up to 10:1, was studied through agarose gel electrophoresis and dynamic light scattering. The resulting complexes (polyplexes) were characterized and evaluated in vitro with murine fibroblast (Swiss 3T3) as non-viral gene carriers, using luciferase as the reporter gene and a calcein cytocompatibility assay. All the copolymers condensed DNA to a particle average size between 100–400 nm when used at N/P ratios of 4:1 or higher. The copolymers with piperidine groups showed higher transfection efficiency than the pyrrolidine and piperazine modified copolymers, and even higher than the positive control of PEI at N/P ratios of 4:1 or higher. All the synthesized polyplexes from an aminated PVP displayed a general tendency of high cytocompatibility (75–95%) in comparison with the positive control PEI (55%).
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Biomaterial-based delivery systems of nucleic acid for regenerative research and regenerative therapy. Regen Ther 2019; 11:123-130. [PMID: 31338391 PMCID: PMC6626072 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a new and promising medical method aiming at treating patients with defective or dysfunctional tissues by maintaining or enhancing the biological activity of cells. The development of biomaterial-based technologies, such as cell scaffolds and carriers for drug delivery system, are highly required to promote the regenerative research and regenerative therapy. Nucleic acids are one of the most feasible factors to efficiently modify the biological activity of cells. The effective and stable delivery of nucleic acids into cells is highly required to succeed in the modification. Biomaterials-based non-viral carriers or biological carriers, like exosomes, play an important role in the efficient delivery of nucleic acids. This review introduces the examples of regenerative research and regenerative therapy based on the delivery of nucleic acids with biomaterials technologies and emphasizes their importance to accomplish regenerative medicine. Modifying the activity of cells is important for regenerative medicine. Various nucleic acids regulate gene expression to modify the activity of cells. Intracellular delivery system is vital to the nucleic acids-based modification. Biomaterials are useful for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids.
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Key Words
- Biomaterials
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- Cas, CRISPR-associated systems
- Cell scaffold
- DDS, drug delivery system
- Drug delivery system
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- MSC, mesenchymal stem cells
- Nucleic acids
- PEG, polyethylene glycol
- PLGA, poly(d,l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)
- RISC, RNA-induced silencing complex
- RNAi, RNA interferince
- Regenerative research
- Regenerative therapy
- TALEN, transcription activator-like effector nuclease
- ZFN, zinc finger nucleases
- lncRNA, long non-coding RNA
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- miRNA, microRNA
- siRNA, small interfering RNA
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Endocytosis of poly(ethylene sodium phosphate) by macrophages and the effect of polymer length on cellular uptake. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Biocompatibility and effectiveness of paclitaxel-encapsulated micelle using phosphoester compounds as a carrier for cancer treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019; 177:356-361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Becker G, Wurm FR. Functional biodegradable polymers via ring-opening polymerization of monomers without protective groups. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7739-7782. [PMID: 30221267 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00531a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers are of current interest and chemical functionality in such materials is often demanded in advanced biomedical applications. Functional groups often are not tolerated in the polymerization process of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and therefore protective groups need to be applied. Advantageously, several orthogonally reactive functions are available, which do not demand protection during ROP. We give an insight into available, orthogonally reactive cyclic monomers and the corresponding functional synthetic and biodegradable polymers, obtained from ROP. Functionalities in the monomer are reviewed, which are tolerated by ROP without further protection and allow further post-modification of the corresponding chemically functional polymers after polymerization. Synthetic concepts to these monomers are summarized in detail, preferably using precursor molecules. Post-modification strategies for the reported functionalities are presented and selected applications highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Becker
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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12
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Bioapplications of Cell-SELEX-Generated Aptamers in Cancer Diagnostics, Therapeutics, Theranostics and Biomarker Discovery: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10020047. [PMID: 29425173 PMCID: PMC5836079 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, functional single-stranded oligonucleotide probes, termed aptamers, generated by an iterative technology, Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), are utilized to selectively target molecules or cells with high affinity. Aptamers hold considerable promise as multifunctional molecules or conjugates for challenging nanotechnologies or bioapplications now and in the future. In this review, we first describe recent endeavors to select aptamers towards live cancer cells via cell-SELEX. We then introduce several characteristic applications of selected aptamers, especially in imaging, drug delivery and therapy. In part, these advances have been made possible via synthesis of aptamer-based nanomaterials, which, by their sizes, shapes, and physicochemical properties, allow such aptamer-nanomaterial complexes to function as signal reporters or drug carriers. We also describe how these aptamer-based molecular tools contribute to cancer biomarker discovery through high-affinity recognition of membrane protein receptors.
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Appukutti N, Serpell CJ. High definition polyphosphoesters: between nucleic acids and plastics. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00251g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids and synthetic polyphosphoester materials have been distinct fields – this review shows how these areas now comprise a continuum.
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A smart gene delivery platform: Cationic oligomer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:33-40. [PMID: 28478134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Low transfection efficiency and high cytotoxicity of polymeric gene carriers have hampered the application of numerous polycations for gene therapy. To overcome this barrier, a cationic glycoconjugate of kanamycin and di(ethylene glycol) diacrylate was prepared via a facile approach. Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography were employed to investigate the resulting materials. Agarose gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to record the interaction of the cationic oligomer and plasmid DNA. Finally, the cytotoxicity and transfection efficiency were evaluated by using COS-7 cells. The results indicated that cationic oligomers had been obtained and plasmid DNA was condensed into nanocomplexes, with a high transfection efficiency of the oligomer and a low toxicity in COS-7 cell line. It provided a novel perspective to develop gene carrier, with better safety and greater transfection efficiency, compared to traditional high molecular weight polymers.
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Recent development of synthetic nonviral systems for sustained gene delivery. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1318-1335. [PMID: 28428056 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sustained gene delivery is of particular importance today because it circumvents the need for repeated therapeutic administration and provides spatial and temporal control of the release profile. Better understanding of the genetic basis of diseases and advances in gene therapy have propelled significant research on biocompatible gene carriers for therapeutic purposes. Varied biodegradable polymer-based architectures have been used to create new compositions with unique properties suitable for sustained gene delivery. This review presents the most recent advances in various polymeric systems: hydrogels, microspheres, nanospheres and scaffolds, having complex architectures to encapsulate and deliver functional genes. Through the recombination of different existing polymer systems, the multicomplex systems can be further endowed with new properties for better-targeted biomedical applications.
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Pal S, Islam MT, Moore JT, Reyes J, Pardo A, Varela-Ramirez A, Noveron JC. Self-assembly of a novel Cu(ii) coordination complex forms metallo-vesicles that are able to transfect mammalian cells. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj02161e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Coordination-directed self-assembly of a Cu(ii) amphiphilic complex forms homogeneous nanometer-sized metallo-vesicles in water with low toxicity and gene transfection properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Pal
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - James T. Moore
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | - Jesus Reyes
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | - Andrew Pardo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
| | | | - Juan C. Noveron
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Texas at El Paso
- El Paso
- USA
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17
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Cheraghi R, Nazari M, Alipour M, Majidi A, Hosseinkhani S. Development of a Targeted anti-HER2 scFv Chimeric Peptide for Gene Delivery into HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:632-643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Cankaya A, Steinmann M, Bülbül Y, Lieberwirth I, Wurm FR. Side-chain poly(phosphoramidate)s via acyclic diene metathesis polycondensation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00999a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Side-chain poly(phosphoramidate)s (PPAs) have been prepared by ADMET polycondensation and compared to structural analogues of poly(phosphoester)s. Thermal properties, stability, and crystallization behavior were analyzed. This is the first example for PPAs prepared by ADMET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cankaya
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Mark Steinmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Yagmur Bülbül
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
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19
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Jo JI, Tabata Y. How controlled release technology can aid gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1689-701. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1048221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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20
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Zheng J, Yang R, Shi M, Wu C, Fang X, Li Y, Li J, Tan W. Rationally designed molecular beacons for bioanalytical and biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3036-55. [PMID: 25777303 PMCID: PMC4431697 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00020c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nucleic acids hold promise as biomolecules for future applications in biomedicine and biotechnology. Their well-defined structures and compositions afford unique chemical properties and biological functions. Moreover, the specificity of hydrogen-bonded Watson-Crick interactions allows the construction of nucleic acid sequences with multiple functions. In particular, the development of nucleic acid probes as essential molecular engineering tools will make a significant contribution to advancements in biosensing, bioimaging and therapy. The molecular beacon (MB), first conceptualized by Tyagi and Kramer in 1996, is an excellent example of a double-stranded nucleic acid (dsDNA) probe. Although inactive in the absence of a target, dsDNA probes can report the presence of a specific target through hybridization or a specific recognition-triggered change in conformation. MB probes are typically fluorescently labeled oligonucleotides that range from 25 to 35 nucleotides (nt) in length, and their structure can be divided into three components: stem, loop and reporter. The intrinsic merit of MBs depends on predictable design, reproducibility of synthesis, simplicity of modification, and built-in signal transduction. Using resonance energy transfer (RET) for signal transduction, MBs are further endowed with increased sensitivity, rapid response and universality, making them ideal for chemical sensing, environmental monitoring and biological imaging, in contrast to other nucleic acid probes. Furthermore, integrating MBs with targeting ligands or molecular drugs can substantially support their in vivo applications in theranositics. In this review, we survey advances in bioanalytical and biomedical applications of rationally designed MBs, as they have evolved through the collaborative efforts of many researchers. We first discuss improvements to the three components of MBs: stem, loop and reporter. The current applications of MBs in biosensing, bioimaging and therapy will then be described. In particular, we emphasize recent progress in constructing MB-based biosensors in homogeneous solution or on solid surfaces. We expect that such rationally designed and functionalized MBs will open up new and exciting avenues for biological and medical research and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zheng
- Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Collaborative Research Center of Molecular Engineering for Theranostics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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21
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Steinbach T, Wurm FR. Poly(phosphoester)s: A New Platform for Degradable Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6098-108. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Steinbach T, Wurm FR. Polyphosphoester: eine neue Plattform für abbaubare Polymere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201500147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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23
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He P, Takeshima SN, Tada S, Akaike T, Ito Y, Aida Y. pH-sensitive carbonate apatite nanoparticles as DNA vaccine carriers enhance humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccine 2014; 32:6199-205. [PMID: 25261380 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To demonstrate the potential of pH-sensitive carbonate apatite (CO₃Ap) nanoparticles as DNA vaccine carriers to enhance vaccination efficacy, we examined the humoral and cellular immune responses of C57BL/6 mice immunized with the plasmid expression vector pCI-neo encoding the full-length soluble ovalbumin (OVA) (pCI-neo-sOVA), pCI-neo-sOVA/CO₃Ap complexes, or pCI-neo/CO₃Ap complexes as a control. Mice immunized with a low dose of pCI-neo-sOVA-loaded CO₃Ap (10 μg) produced ex vivo splenocyte proliferation after stimulation with CD8 T-cell but not CD4 T-cell epitopes and a delayed-type-hypersensitivity reaction more efficiently than mice in the other groups. Furthermore, mice receiving this immunization generated the same levels of OVA-specific antibodies and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion after CD8 T-cell and CD4 T-cell epitope challenges as those in mice treated with 100 μg of free pCI-neo-sOVA, whereas mice injected with a high dose of pCI-neo-sOVA-loaded CO₃Ap (100 μg) or with control plasmids produced negligible levels of OVA-specific antibodies or IFN-γ. Therefore, our results showed that 10 μg of pCI-neo-sOVA delivered by CO₃Ap strongly elicited humoral and cellular immune responses. This study is the first to demonstrate the promising potential of CO₃Ap nanoparticles for DNA vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | | | - Seiichi Tada
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4252 Nagatsuka-cho, Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yoko Aida
- Viral Infectious Diseases Unit, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
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24
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Eroglu E, Tiwari PM, Waffo AB, Miller ME, Vig K, Dennis VA, Singh SR. A nonviral pHEMA+chitosan nanosphere-mediated high-efficiency gene delivery system. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1403-15. [PMID: 23610520 PMCID: PMC3629879 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of DNA into eukaryotic cells is minimal because of the cell membrane barrier, and this limits the application of DNA vaccines, gene silencing, and gene therapy. Several available transfection reagents and techniques have been used to circumvent this problem. Alternatively, nonviral nanoscale vectors have been shown to bypass the eukaryotic cell membrane. In the present work, we developed a unique nanomaterial, pHEMA+chitosan nanospheres (PCNSs), which consisted of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) nanospheres surrounded by a chitosan cationic shell, and we used this for encapsulation of a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-F gene construct (a model for a DNA vaccine). The new nanomaterial was capable of transfecting various eukaryotic cell lines without the use of a commercial transfection reagent. Using transmission electron microscopy, (TEM), fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS), and immunofluorescence, we clearly demonstrated that the positively charged PCNSs were able to bind to the negatively charged cell membrane and were taken up by endocytosis, in Cos-7 cells. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), we also evaluated the efficiency of transfection achieved with PCNSs and without the use of a liposomal-based transfection mediator, in Cos-7, HEp-2, and Vero cells. To assess the transfection efficiency of the PCNSs in vivo, these novel nanomaterials containing RSV-F gene were injected intramuscularly into BALB/c mice, resulting in high copy number of the transgene. In this study, we report, for the first time, the application of the PCNSs as a nanovehicle for gene delivery in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Eroglu
- Center for NanoBiotechnology Research, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
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25
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Chen T, Wu CS, Jimenez E, Zhu Z, Dajac JG, You M, Han D, Zhang X, Tan W. DNA micelle flares for intracellular mRNA imaging and gene therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:2012-6. [PMID: 23319350 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201209440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Center for Research at Bio/Nano Interface, Department of Chemistry, Shands Cancer Center, UF Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-7200, USA
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26
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Chen T, Wu CS, Jimenez E, Zhu Z, Dajac JG, You M, Han D, Zhang X, Tan W. DNA Micelle Flares for Intracellular mRNA Imaging and Gene Therapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201209440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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27
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Transfection efficiency and transgene expression kinetics of mRNA delivered in naked and nanoparticle format. J Control Release 2013; 166:227-33. [PMID: 23306021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Transfection efficiencies and transgene expression kinetics of messenger RNA (mRNA), an emerging class of nucleic acid-based therapeutics, have been poorly characterized. In this study, we evaluated transfection efficiencies of mRNA delivered in naked and nanoparticle format in vitro and in vivo using GFP and luciferase as reporters. While mRNA nanoparticles transfect primary human and mouse dendritic cells (DCs) efficiently in vitro, naked mRNA could not produce any detectable gene product. The protein expression of nanoparticle-mediated transfection in vitro peaks rapidly within 5-7h and decays in a biphasic manner. In vivo, naked mRNA is more efficient than mRNA nanoparticles when administered subcutaneously. In contrast, mRNA nanoparticle performs better when administered intranasally and intravenously. Gene expression is most transient when delivered intravenously in nanoparticle format with an apparent half-life of 1.4h and lasts less than 24h, and most sustained when delivered in the naked format subcutaneously at the base of tail with an apparent half-life of 18h and persists for at least 6days. Notably, exponential decreases in protein expression are consistently observed post-delivery of mRNA in vivo regardless of the mode of delivery (naked or nanoparticle) or the site of administration. This study elucidates the performance of mRNA transfection and suggests a niche for mRNA therapeutics when predictable in vivo transgene expression kinetics is imperative.
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28
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Regier MC, Taylor JD, Borcyk T, Yang Y, Pannier AK. Fabrication and characterization of DNA-loaded zein nanospheres. J Nanobiotechnology 2012. [PMID: 23199119 PMCID: PMC3524772 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3155-10-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Particulates incorporating DNA are promising vehicles for gene delivery, with the ability to protect DNA and provide for controlled, localized, and sustained release and transfection. Zein, a hydrophobic protein from corn, is biocompatible and has properties that make it a promising candidate material for particulate delivery, including its ability to form nanospheres through coacervation and its insolubility under physiological conditions, making it capable of sustained release of encapsulated compounds. Due to the promise of this natural biomaterial for drug delivery, the objective of this study was to formulate zein nanospheres encapsulating DNA as the therapeutic compound, and to characterize size, charge, sustained release, cell cytotoxicity and cellular internalization of these particles. Results Zein nanospheres encapsulating DNA were fabricated using a coacervation technique, without the use of harsh solvents or temperatures, resulting in the preservation of DNA integrity and particles with diameters that ranged from 157.8 ± 3.9 nm to 396.8 ± 16.1 nm, depending on zein to DNA ratio. DNA encapsulation efficiencies were maximized to 65.3 ± 1.9% with a maximum loading of 6.1 ± 0.2 mg DNA/g zein. The spheres protected encapsulated DNA from DNase I degradation and exhibited sustained plasmid release for at least 7 days, with minimal burst during the initial phase of release. Zein/DNA nanospheres demonstrated robust biocompatibility, cellular association, and internalization. Conclusions This study represents the first report on the formation of zein particles encapsulating plasmid DNA, using simple fabrication techniques resulting in preservation of plasmid integrity and tunable sizes. DNA encapsulation efficiencies were maximized to acceptable levels at higher zein to DNA ratios, while loading was comparable to that of other hydrophilic compounds encapsulated in zein and that of DNA incorporated into PLGA nano- and microspheres. The hydrophobic nature of zein resulted in spheres capable of sustained release of plasmid DNA. Zein particles may be an excellent potential tool for the delivery of DNA with the ability to be fine-tuned for specific applications including oral gene delivery, intramuscular delivery, and in the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Regier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 231 Chase Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0726, USA
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29
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Troev K, Naruoka A, Terada H, Kikuchi A, Makino K. New Efficient Method of Oxidation of Poly(alkylene H-phosphonate)s: A Promising Route to Novel co-Polyphosphoesters. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3011608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kolio Troev
- Institute
of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
- Center for Physical Pharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
| | - Aki Naruoka
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Terada
- Center for Physical Pharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kikuchi
- Center for Physical Pharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
| | - Kimiko Makino
- Center for Physical Pharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
- Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Science, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
278-8510, Japan
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Yun YH, Jiang H, Chan R, Chen W. Sustained release of PEG-g-chitosan complexed DNA from poly(lactide-co-glycolide). JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 16:1359-78. [PMID: 16372401 DOI: 10.1163/156856205774472281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan and its derivatives have emerged as promising gene-delivery vehicles because of their capability to form polyplexes with plasmid DNA and enhance its transport across cellular membranes through endocytosis. Evidently, polyplexes of chitosan and DNA significantly improve transfection efficiency; however, these polyplexes are not capable of sustained DNA release and, thus, prolong gene transfer. In order to achieve prolonged delivery of DNA/chitosan polyplexes, we have formulated microspheres by physically combining poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted chitosan (PEG-g-CHN) with poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) using a modified conventional in-emulsion solvent evaporation method. Electrophoretic analysis of materials released from these microspheres suggests the presence of PEG-g-CHN complexed DNA and these microspheres are capable of sustained release of DNA/PEG-g-CHN for at least 9 weeks. The rate of DNA release can be modulated by varying the amount of PEG-g-CHN. The release products from these microspheres are bioactive and show enhanced transfection in vitro over DNA released from conventional PLGA microspheres containing no PEG-g-CHN. In vivo experiments also show that these microspheres are capable of achieving gene transfer in a rat hind limb muscle model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang H Yun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 348 Psychology A Building, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-2580, USA
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31
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Feracci H, Gutierrez BS, Hempel W, Gil IS. Organic Nanoparticles. NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY - INORGANIC NANOPARTICLES VS ORGANIC NANOPARTICLES 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-415769-9.00008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Singh P, Kumari K, Tomar V, Samim M, Patel R, Mehrotra GK, Dubey M, Pandey ND, Katyal A. A novel method to chemically bind thiazolidine-2,4-dione through cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles using malanodialdehyde as a cross-linker. CAN J CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1139/v11-047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer with great potential for pharmaceutical applications because of its biocompatibility, high charge density, nontoxicity and mucoadhesion. It has been shown that it not only improves the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs but also exerts a significant effect on fat metabolism in the body. Gel formation can be obtained by interactions of chitosans with low molecular counterions such as polyphosphates, sulfates, and cross-linkers. This gelling property of chitosan allows a wide range of applications such as the coating of pharmaceuticals and food products, gel entrapment of biochemicals, plant embryos, whole cells, microorganisms, and algae. This manuscript is an insight into the exploitation of its properties for microencapsulating drugs. Herein, we report a novel method to chemically bind thiazolidine-2,4-dione through cross-linked chitosan nanoparticles using malanodialdehyde as a new cross-linker and well characterized by FT-IR, NMR, TGA, DSC, powder X-ray diffraction, TEM, and cyclic voltametry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Singh
- A. R. S. D. Collage, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
- MNNIT Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vartika Tomar
- A. R. S. D. Collage, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rajan Patel
- Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | | | | | | | - Anju Katyal
- ACBR, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
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Li F, Mahato RI. RNA interference for improving the outcome of islet transplantation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2011; 63:47-68. [PMID: 21156190 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2010.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2010] [Revised: 11/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Islet transplantation has the potential to cure type 1 diabetes. Despite recent therapeutic success, it is still not common because a large number of transplanted islets get damaged by multiple challenges including instant blood mediated inflammatory reaction, hypoxia/reperfusion injury, inflammatory cytokines, and immune rejection. RNA interference (RNAi) is a novel strategy to selectively degrade target mRNA. The use of RNAi technologies to downregulate the expression of harmful genes has the potential to improve the outcome of islet transplantation. The aim of this review is to gain a thorough understanding of biological obstacles to islet transplantation and discuss how to overcome these barriers using different RNAi technologies. This eventually will help improve islet survival and function post transplantation. Chemically synthesized small interferring RNA (siRNA), vector based short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and their critical design elements (such as sequences, promoters, and backbone) are discussed. The application of combinatorial RNAi in islet transplantation is also discussed. Last but not the least, several delivery strategies for enhanced gene silencing are discussed, including chemical modification of siRNA, complex formation, bioconjugation, and viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
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36
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Ren Y, Jiang X, Pan D, Mao HQ. Charge density and molecular weight of polyphosphoramidate gene carrier are key parameters influencing its DNA compaction ability and transfection efficiency. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:3432-9. [PMID: 21067136 DOI: 10.1021/bm1009574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of polyphosphoramidates (PPAs) with different molecular weights (MWs) and charge densities were synthesized and examined for their DNA compaction ability and transfection efficiency. A strong correlation was observed between the transfection efficiency of PPA/DNA nanoparticles and the MW and net positive charge density of the PPA gene carriers in three different cell lines (HeLa, HEK293, and HepG2 cells). An increase in MW and net positive charge density of PPA carrier yielded higher DNA compaction capacity, smaller nanoparticles with higher surface charges, and higher complex stability against challenges by salt and polyanions. These favorable physicochemical properties of nanoparticles led to enhanced transfection efficiency. PPA/DNA nanoparticles with the highest complex stability showed comparable transfection efficiency as PEI/DNA nanoparticles likely by compensating the low buffering capacity with higher cellular uptake and affording higher level of protection to DNA in endolysosomal compartment. The differences in transfection efficiency were not attributed by any difference in cytotoxicity among the carriers, as all nanoparticles showed a minimal level of cytotoxicity under the transfection conditions. Using PPA as a model system, we demonstrated the structural dependence of transfection efficiency of polymer gene carrier. These results offer more insights into nanoparticle engineering for nonviral gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ren
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, and Institute of NanoBioTechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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Liu X, Ni P, He J, Zhang M. Synthesis and Micellization of pH/Temperature-Responsive Double-Hydrophilic Diblock Copolymers Polyphosphoester-block-poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] Prepared via ROP and ATRP. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902658n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Peihong Ni
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinlin He
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Mingzu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Lu CH, Zhu CL, Li J, Liu JJ, Chen X, Yang HH. Using graphene to protect DNA from cleavage during cellular delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:3116-8. [PMID: 20424750 DOI: 10.1039/b926893f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 310] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have proved that functionalized nanoscale graphene oxide can protect oligonucleotides from enzymatic cleavage and efficiently deliver oligonucleotides into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hua Lu
- The Key Lab of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety of the MOE, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, PR China
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He J, Ni P, Wang S, Shao H, Zhang M, Zhu X. Synthesis and physicochemical characterization of biodegradable and pH-responsive hydrogels based on polyphosphoester for protein delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wang YC, Yuan YY, Du JZ, Yang XZ, Wang J. Recent Progress in Polyphosphoesters: From Controlled Synthesis to Biomedical Applications. Macromol Biosci 2009; 9:1154-64. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.200900253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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41
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Immune responses to polyethylenimine delivered plasmid DNA encoding aFasciola giganticafatty acid binding protein in mice and rabbits. J Helminthol 2009; 83:275-83. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x08124798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractFasciola giganticafatty acid binding protein (FABP) was evaluated for evoking an effective immune response in mice and rabbits, when delivered as a DNA vaccine in muscle cells. Polyethylenimine (PEI), 25 kDa, branched cationic polymer was used as a delivery vehicle for this DNA in the muscle cells of mice and rabbits. Naked DNA evoked mixed Th1 and Th2 responses in mice. PEI condensed DNA, at amine nitrogen over DNA phosphate (N/P) ratios of 4, 6 and 8 and with various DNA concentrations, failed to evoke a significantly higher antibody response compared to naked DNA in mice. Similarly, the humoral immune response to naked DNA administration in rabbit thigh muscles was poor and no boosting of this antibody response on administration of DNA complexed to PEI was observed. On metacercarial challenge, rabbits failed to show any significant protective immune response in both the naked DNA and PEI–DNA immunized groups. Administration of PEI alone (12.5 μg) in mouse thigh muscles caused significant muscle cytotoxicity but condensation of DNA with PEI had less of a toxic effect on muscle cells, which was inversely related to the N/P ratio. Delivery of plasmid DNA encodingF. giganticaFABP by high molecular weight polyethylenimine (branched, 25 kDa) did not boost the effective immune response in both the animal species, which could either be attributed to cytotoxicity associated with this cationic polymer or muscle cells being unsuitable target cells for PEI condensed DNA delivery.
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Spadaccio C, Chello M, Trombetta M, Rainer A, Toyoda Y, Genovese JA. Drug releasing systems in cardiovascular tissue engineering. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:422-39. [PMID: 19379142 PMCID: PMC3822506 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00532.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease and atherosclerosis are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The lack of suitable autologous grafts has produced a need for artificial grafts; however, current artificial grafts carry significant limitations, including thrombosis, infection, limited durability and the inability to grow. Tissue engineering of blood vessels, cardiovascular structures and whole organs is a promising approach for creating replacement tissues to repair congenital defects and/or diseased tissues. In an attempt to surmount the shortcomings of artificial grafts, tissue-engineered cardiovascular graft (TECVG), constructs obtained using cultured autologous vascular cells seeded onto a synthetic biodegradable polymer scaffold, have been developed. Autologous TECVGs have the potential advantages of growth, durability, resistance to infection, and freedom from problems of rejection, thrombogenicity and donor scarcity. Moreover polymers engrafted with growth factors, cytokines, drugs have been developed allowing drug-releasing systems capable of focused and localized delivery of molecules depending on the environmental requirements and the milieu in which the scaffold is placed. A broad range of applications for compound-releasing, tissue-engineered grafts have been suggested ranging from drug delivery to gene therapy. This review will describe advances in the development of drug-delivery systems for cardiovascular applications focusing on the manufacturing techniques and on the compounds delivered by these systems to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Spadaccio
- Cardiac and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heart, Lung & Esophageal Surgery Institute University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Yang XZ, Sun TM, Dou S, Wu J, Wang YC, Wang J. Block Copolymer of Polyphosphoester and Poly(l-Lactic Acid) Modified Surface for Enhancing Osteoblast Adhesion, Proliferation, and Function. Biomacromolecules 2009; 10:2213-20. [DOI: 10.1021/bm900390k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Zhu Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian-Meng Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuang Dou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cai Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, and Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
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Li K, Wang N, Yang F, Zhang ZW, Zhou LH, Chen SY, Lin HH, Tian YF, Yu XQ. Cyclen-based side-chain homopolymer self-assembly with plasmid DNA: protection of DNA from enzymatic degradation. Chem Biodivers 2009; 6:754-63. [PMID: 19479841 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200800080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (cyclen)-based side-chain homopolymer was developed for the first time; this polymer can self-assembly with plasmid DNA to form polyelectrolyte complexes (polyplex), which can protect DNA from enzymatic degradation. Moreover, the polyplex can disassembly and release free DNA when NaCl solution is added to this system. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) are used for imaging of the surface structure of the polyplex, and results indicated that the polyplex structures respond to the polymer concentration. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrum suggested that the DNA configuration in the polyplex was retained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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45
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Roques C, Fattal E, Fromes Y. Comparison of toxicity and transfection efficiency of amphiphilic block copolymers and polycationic polymers in striated muscles. J Gene Med 2009; 11:240-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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46
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Wang YC, Tang LY, Li Y, Wang J. Thermoresponsive Block Copolymers of Poly(ethylene glycol) and Polyphosphoester: Thermo-Induced Self-Assembly, Biocompatibility, and Hydrolytic Degradation. Biomacromolecules 2008; 10:66-73. [DOI: 10.1021/bm800808q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cai Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yan Tang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic of China, and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People’s Republic of China
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Opanasopit P, Sajomsang W, Ruktanonchai U, Mayen V, Rojanarata T, Ngawhirunpat T. Methylated N-(4-pyridinylmethyl) chitosan as a novel effective safe gene carrier. Int J Pharm 2008; 364:127-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2008.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Revised: 07/09/2008] [Accepted: 08/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Yang XZ, Wang YC, Tang LY, Xia H, Wang J. Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic block copolymer of polyphosphoester and poly(L-lactic acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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49
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Wang YC, Liu XQ, Sun TM, Xiong MH, Wang J. Functionalized micelles from block copolymer of polyphosphoester and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) for receptor-mediated drug delivery. J Control Release 2008; 128:32-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2008.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2007] [Revised: 01/28/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Jo JI, Tabata Y. Non-viral gene transfection technologies for genetic engineering of stem cells. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 68:90-104. [PMID: 17870447 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2007.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/20/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The recent rapid progress of molecular biology together with the steady progress of genome projects has given us some essential and revolutionary information about DNA and RNA to elucidate various biological phenomena at a genetic level. Under these circumstances, the technology and methodology of gene transfection have become more and more important to enhance the efficacy of gene therapy for several diseases. In addition, gene transfection is a fundamental technology indispensable to the further research development of basic biology and medicine regarding stem cells. Stem cells genetically manipulated will enhance the therapeutic efficacy of cell transplantation. In this paper, the carrier and technology of gene delivery are briefly overviewed while the applications to the basic researches of biology and medicine as well as regenerative medical therapy are introduced. A new non-viral carrier and the cell culture system are described to efficiently manipulate stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichiro Jo
- Department of Biomaterials, Field of Tissue Engineering, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Kawara-cho Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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