1
|
Wang Y, Zou X, Guo X, Zhang Z, Wang M, Hung T, Lu Z. Redirect Tropism of Fowl Adenovirus 4 Vector by Modifying Fiber2 with Variable Domain of Heavy-Chain Antibody. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:467. [PMID: 38674401 PMCID: PMC11049955 DOI: 10.3390/genes15040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The variable domain of a heavy-chain antibody (VHH) has the potential to be used to redirect the cell tropism of adenoviral vectors. Here, we attempted to establish platforms to simplify the screening of VHHs for their specific targeting function when being incorporated into the fiber of adenovirus. Both fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) and simian adenovirus 1 (SAdV-1) have two types of fiber, one of which is dispensable for virus propagation and is a proper site for VHH display. An intermediate plasmid, pMD-FAV4Fs, was constructed as the start plasmid for FAdV-4 fiber2 modification. Foldon from phage T4 fibritin, a trigger for trimerization, was employed to bridge the tail/shaft domain of fiber2 and VHHs against human CD16A, a key membrane marker of natural killer (NK) cells. Through one step of restriction-assembly, the modified fiber2 was transferred to the adenoviral plasmid, which was linearized and transfected to packaging cells. Five FAdV-4 viruses carrying the GFP gene were finally rescued and amplified, with three VHHs being displayed. One recombinant virus, FAdV4FC21-EG, could hardly transduce human 293 or Jurkat cells. In contrast, when it was used at a multiplicity of infection of 1000 viral particles per cell, the transduction efficiency reached 51% or 34% for 293 or Jurkat cells expressing exogenous CD16A. Such a strategy of fiber modification was transplanted to the SAdV-1 vector to construct SAdV1FC28H-EG, which moderately transduced primary human NK cells while the parental virus transduced none. Collectively, we reformed the strategy of integrating VHH to fiber and established novel platforms for screening VHHs to construct adenoviral vectors with a specific tropism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjin Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Xiaojuan Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014040, China
| | - Min Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Tao Hung
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| | - Zhuozhuang Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100052, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tosolini AP, Sleigh JN. Intramuscular Delivery of Gene Therapy for Targeting the Nervous System. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:129. [PMID: 32765219 PMCID: PMC7379875 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-mediated gene therapy has the potential to deliver exogenous genetic material into specific cell types to promote survival and counteract disease. This is particularly enticing for neuronal conditions, as the nervous system is renowned for its intransigence to therapeutic targeting. Administration of gene therapy viruses into skeletal muscle, where distal terminals of motor and sensory neurons reside, has been shown to result in extensive transduction of cells within the spinal cord, brainstem, and sensory ganglia. This route is minimally invasive and therefore clinically relevant for gene therapy targeting to peripheral nerve soma. For successful transgene expression, viruses administered into muscle must undergo a series of processes, including host cell interaction and internalization, intracellular sorting, long-range retrograde axonal transport, endosomal liberation, and nuclear import. In this review article, we outline key characteristics of major gene therapy viruses—adenovirus, adeno-associated virus (AAV), and lentivirus—and summarize the mechanisms regulating important steps in the virus journey from binding at peripheral nerve terminals to nuclear delivery. Additionally, we describe how neuropathology can negatively influence these pathways, and conclude by discussing opportunities to optimize the intramuscular administration route to maximize gene delivery and thus therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Tosolini
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James N Sleigh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Barry MA, Rubin JD, Lu SC. Retargeting adenoviruses for therapeutic applications and vaccines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:1918-1946. [PMID: 31944286 PMCID: PMC7311308 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviruses (Ads) are robust vectors for therapeutic applications and vaccines, but their use can be limited by differences in their in vitro and in vivo pharmacologies. This review emphasizes that there is not just one Ad, but a whole virome of diverse viruses that can be used as therapeutics. It discusses that true vector targeting involves not only retargeting viruses, but importantly also detargeting the viruses from off-target cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Barry
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunology, Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rubin
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shao-Chia Lu
- Virology and Gene Therapy Graduate Program, Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim JW, Kane JR, Panek WK, Young JS, Rashidi A, Yu D, Kanojia D, Hasan T, Miska J, Gómez-Lim MA, Ulasov IV, Balyasnikova IV, Ahmed AU, Wainwright DA, Lesniak MS. A Dendritic Cell-Targeted Adenoviral Vector Facilitates Adaptive Immune Response Against Human Glioma Antigen (CMV-IE) and Prolongs Survival in a Human Glioma Tumor Model. Neurotherapeutics 2018; 15:1127-1138. [PMID: 30027430 PMCID: PMC6277295 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0650-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antitumor immunotherapeutic strategies represent an especially promising set of approaches with rapid translational potential considering the dismal clinical context of high-grade gliomas. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the body's most professional antigen-presenting cells, able to recruit and activate T cells to stimulate an adaptive immune response. In this regard, specific loading of tumor-specific antigen onto dendritic cells potentially represents one of the most advanced strategies to achieve effective antitumor immunization. In this study, we developed a DC-specific adenoviral (Ad) vector, named Ad5scFvDEC205FF, targeting the DC surface receptor, DEC205. In vitro analysis shows that 60% of DCs was infected by this vector while the infectivity of other control adenoviral vectors was less than 10%, demonstrating superior infectivity on DCs. Moreover, an average of 14% of DCs were infected by Ad5scFvDEC205FF-GFP, while less than 3% of non-DCs were infected following in vivo administration, demonstrating highly selective in vivo DC infection. Importantly, vaccination with this vehicle expressing human glioma-specific antigen, Ad5scFvDEC205FF-CMV-IE, shows a prolonged survival benefit in GL261CMV-IE-implanted murine glioma models (p < 0.0007). Furthermore, when rechallenged, cancerous cells were completely rejected. In conclusion, our novel, viral-mediated, DC-based immunization approach has the significant therapeutic potential for patients with high-grade gliomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius W Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - J Robert Kane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Wojciech K Panek
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Aida Rashidi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Dou Yu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Tanwir Hasan
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Jason Miska
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Miguel A Gómez-Lim
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, CINVESTAV Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Ilya V Ulasov
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Suite 2210, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Engineered adenovirus fiber shaft fusion homotrimer of soluble TRAIL with enhanced stability and antitumor activity. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2274. [PMID: 27336718 PMCID: PMC5143403 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Successful cancer therapies aim to induce selective apoptosis in neoplastic cells. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is considered an attractive anticancer agent due to its tumor cell-specific cytotoxicity. However, earlier studies with recombinant TRAIL revealed many shortcomings, including a short half-life, off-target toxicity and existence of TRAIL-resistant tumor cells. In this study, we developed a novel engineering strategy for recombinant soluble TRAIL by redesigning its structure with the adenovirus knobless fiber motif to form a stable homotrimer with improved antitumor activity. The result is a highly stable fiber-TRAIL fusion protein that could form homotrimers similar to natural TRAIL. The recombinant fusion TRAIL developed here displayed high specific activity in both cell-based assays in vitro and animal tests in vivo. This construct will serve as a foundation for a new generation of recombinant proteins suitable for use in preclinical and clinical studies and for effective combination therapies to overcome tumor resistance to TRAIL.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Human adenovirus (Ad) has been used extensively to develop gene transfer vectors for vaccine and gene therapy applications. A major factor limiting the efficacy of the current generation of Ad vectors is their inability to accomplish specific gene delivery to the cells of interest. Transductional targeting strategies seek to redirect virus binding to the appropriate cellular receptor to increase infection efficiency in selected cell types to achieve therapeutic intervention. These efforts mainly focused on incorporating targeting ligands by means of chemical conjugation or genetic modification of Ad capsid proteins and using bispecific adapter molecules to mediate virus recognition of target cells. This review summarizes current progress in Ad tropism modification maneuvers that embody genetic capsid modification and adapter-based approaches that have encouraging implications for further development of advanced vectors suitable for clinical translation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kim JW, Young JS, Solomaha E, Kanojia D, Lesniak MS, Balyasnikova IV. A novel single-chain antibody redirects adenovirus to IL13Rα2-expressing brain tumors. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18133. [PMID: 26656559 PMCID: PMC4677343 DOI: 10.1038/srep18133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of a targeting agent that strictly binds to IL13Rα2 will significantly expand the therapeutic potential for the treatment of IL13Rα2-expressing cancers. In order to fulfill this goal, we generated a single-chain antibody (scFv47) from our parental IL13Rα2 monoclonal antibody and tested its binding properties. Furthermore, to demonstrate the potential therapeutic applicability of scFv47, we engineered an adenovirus by incorporating scFv47 as the targeting moiety in the viral fiber and characterized its properties in vitro and in vivo. The scFv47 binds to human recombinant IL13Rα2, but not to IL13Rα1 with a high affinity of 0.9 · 10−9 M, similar to that of the parental antibody. Moreover, the scFv47 successfully redirects adenovirus to IL13Rα2 expressing glioma cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our data validate scFv47 as a highly selective IL13Rα2 targeting agent and justify further development of scFv47-modified oncolytic adenovirus and other therapeutics for the treatment of IL13Rα2-expressing glioma and other malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius W Kim
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jacob S Young
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elena Solomaha
- Biophysics Core Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JW, Kane JR, Young JS, Chang AL, Kanojia D, Morshed RA, Miska J, Ahmed AU, Balyasnikova IV, Han Y, Zhang L, Curiel DT, Lesniak MS. A Genetically Modified Adenoviral Vector with a Phage Display-Derived Peptide Incorporated into Fiber Fibritin Chimera Prolongs Survival in Experimental Glioma. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:635-46. [PMID: 26058317 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2015.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dismal clinical context of advanced-grade glioma demands the development of novel therapeutic strategies with direct patient impact. Adenovirus-mediated virotherapy represents a potentially effective approach for glioma therapy. In this research, we generated a novel glioma-specific adenovirus by instituting more advanced genetic modifications that can maximize the efficiency and safety of therapeutic adenoviral vectors. In this regard, a glioma-specific targeted fiber was developed through the incorporation of previously published glioma-specific, phage-panned peptide (VWT peptide) on a fiber fibritin-based chimeric fiber, designated as "GliomaFF." We showed that the entry of this virus was highly restricted to glioma cells, supporting the specificity imparted by the phage-panned peptide. In addition, the stability of the targeting moiety presented by fiber fibritin structure permitted greatly enhanced infectivity. Furthermore, the replication of this virus was restricted in glioma cells by controlling expression of the E1 gene under the activity of the tumor-specific survivin promoter. Using this approach, we were able to explore the combinatorial efficacy of various adenoviral modifications that could amplify the specificity, infectivity, and exclusive replication of this therapeutic adenovirus in glioma. Finally, virotherapy with this modified virus resulted in up to 70% extended survival in an in vivo murine glioma model. These data demonstrate that this novel adenoviral vector is a safe and efficient treatment for this difficult malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julius W Kim
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - J Robert Kane
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jacob S Young
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alan L Chang
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deepak Kanojia
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ramin A Morshed
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jason Miska
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atique U Ahmed
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Irina V Balyasnikova
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu Han
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lingjiao Zhang
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| | - David T Curiel
- 2 Cancer Biology Division, Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Maciej S Lesniak
- 1 Brain Tumor Center, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine , Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kaliberov SA, Kaliberova LN, Buggio M, Tremblay JM, Shoemaker CB, Curiel DT. Adenoviral targeting using genetically incorporated camelid single variable domains. J Transl Med 2014; 94:893-905. [PMID: 24933423 PMCID: PMC4157633 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique ability of human adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) to accomplish efficient transduction has allowed the use of Ad5-based vectors for a range of gene therapy applications. Several strategies have been developed to alter tropism of Ad vectors to achieve a cell-specific gene delivery by using fiber modifications via genetic incorporation of targeting motifs. In this study, we have explored the utility of novel anti-human carcinoembryonic antigen (hCEA) single variable domains derived from heavy chain (VHH) camelid family of antibodies to achieve targeted gene transfer. To obtain anti-CEA VHHs, we produced a VHH-display library from peripheral blood lymphocytes RNA of alpacas at the peak of immune response to the hCEA antigen (Ag). We genetically incorporated an anti-hCEA VHH into a de-knobbed Ad5 fiber-fibritin chimera and demonstrated selective targeting to the cognate epitope expressed on the membrane surface of target cells. We report that the anti-hCEA VHH used in this study retains Ag recognition functionality and provides specificity for gene transfer of capsid-modified Ad5 vectors. These studies clearly demonstrated the feasibility of retargeting of Ad5-based gene transfer using VHHs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Kaliberov
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Lyudmila N. Kaliberova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Buggio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline M. Tremblay
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, United States of America
| | - Charles B. Shoemaker
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peptide-based technologies to alter adenoviral vector tropism: ways and means for systemic treatment of cancer. Viruses 2014; 6:1540-63. [PMID: 24699364 PMCID: PMC4014709 DOI: 10.3390/v6041540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the fundamental progress in elucidating the molecular mechanisms of human diseases and the arrival of the post-genomic era, increasing numbers of therapeutic genes and cellular targets are available for gene therapy. Meanwhile, the most important challenge is to develop gene delivery vectors with high efficiency through target cell selectivity, in particular under in situ conditions. The most widely used vector system to transduce cells is based on adenovirus (Ad). Recent endeavors in the development of selective Ad vectors that target cells or tissues of interest and spare the alteration of all others have focused on the modification of the virus broad natural tropism. A popular way of Ad targeting is achieved by directing the vector towards distinct cellular receptors. Redirecting can be accomplished by linking custom-made peptides with specific affinity to cellular surface proteins via genetic integration, chemical coupling or bridging with dual-specific adapter molecules. Ideally, targeted vectors are incapable of entering cells via their native receptors. Such altered vectors offer new opportunities to delineate functional genomics in a natural environment and may enable efficient systemic therapeutic approaches. This review provides a summary of current state-of-the-art techniques to specifically target adenovirus-based gene delivery vectors.
Collapse
|
11
|
Choi DS, Jin HE, Yoo SY, Lee SW. Cyclic RGD peptide incorporation on phage major coat proteins for improved internalization by HeLa cells. Bioconjug Chem 2014; 25:216-23. [PMID: 24328047 DOI: 10.1021/bc4003234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Delivering therapeutic materials or imaging reagents into specific tumor tissues is critically important for development of novel cancer therapeutics and diagnostics. Genetically engineered phages possess promising structural features to develop cancer therapeutic materials. For cancer targeting purposes, we developed a novel engineered phage that expressed cyclic RGD (cRGD) peptides on the pVIII major coat protein using recombinant DNA technology. Using a type 88 phage engineering approach, which inserts a new gene to express additional major coat protein in the noncoding region of the phage genome, we incorporated an additional pVIII major coat protein with relatively bulky cRGD and assembled heterogeneous major coat proteins on the F88.4 phage surfaces. With IPTG control, we could tune different numbers of cRGD peptide displayed on the phage particles up to 140 copies. The resulting phage with cRGD on the recombinant pVIII protein exhibited enhanced internalization efficiency into HeLa cells in a ligand density and conformational structure dependent manner when comparing with the M13 phages modified with either linear RGD on pVIII or cRGD on pIII. Our cRGD peptide engineered phage could be useful for cancer therapy or diagnostic purposes after further modifying the phage with drug molecules or contrast reagents in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shin Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lukashevich IS, Shirwan H. Adenovirus-Based Vectors for the Development of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccines. NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES FOR VACCINE DEVELOPMENT 2014. [PMCID: PMC7121347 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-1818-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases as well as cancer pose great global health impacts on the society. Vaccines have emerged as effective treatments to prevent or reduce the burdens of already developed diseases. This is achieved by means of activating various components of the immune system to generate systemic inflammatory reactions targeting infectious agents or diseased cells for control/elimination. DNA virus-based genetic vaccines gained significant attention in the past decades owing to the development of DNA manipulation technologies, which allowed engineering of recombinant viral vectors encoding sequences for foreign antigens or their immunogenic epitopes as well as various immunomodulatory molecules. Despite tremendous progress in the past 50 years, many hurdles still remain for achieving the full clinical potential of viral-vectored vaccines. This chapter will present the evolution of vaccines from “live” or “attenuated” first-generation agents to recombinant DNA and viral-vectored vaccines. Particular emphasis will be given to human adenovirus (Ad) for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. Ad biological properties related to vaccine development will be highlighted along with their advantages and potential hurdles to be overcome. In particular, we will discuss (1) genetic modifications in the Ad capsid protein to reduce the intrinsic viral immunogenicity, (2) antigen capsid incorporation for effective presentation of foreign antigens to the immune system, (3) modification of the hexon and fiber capsid proteins for Ad liver de-targeting and selective retargeting to cancer cells, (4) Ad-based vaccines carrying “arming” transgenes with immunostimulatory functions as immune adjuvants, and (5) oncolytic Ad vectors as a new therapeutic approach against cancer. Finally, the combination of adenoviral vectors with other non-adenoviral vector systems, the prime/boost strategy of immunization, clinical trials involving Ad-based vaccines, and the perspectives for the field development will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Igor S Lukashevich
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicolog Department of Microbiology and Immunolog, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky USA
| | - Haval Shirwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunolog, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Voráčková I, Ulbrich P, Diehl WE, Ruml T. Engineered retroviral virus-like particles for receptor targeting. Arch Virol 2013; 159:677-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
14
|
Cruz LJ, Rueda F, Tacken P, Albericio F, Torensma R, Figdor CG. Enhancing immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of HIV-1 antigens by in vivo targeting to dendritic cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2013; 7:1591-610. [PMID: 23148541 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Current retroviral treatments have reduced AIDS to a chronic disease for most patients. However, given drug-related side effects, the emergence of drug-resistant strains and the persistence of viral replication, the development of alternative treatments is a pressing need. This review focuses on recent developments in HIV immunotherapy treatments, with particular emphasis on current vaccination strategies for optimizing the induction of an effective immune response by the recruitment of dendritic cells. In addition to cell-based therapies, targeted strategies aiming to deliver synthetic HIV peptides to dendritic cell-specific receptors in vivo will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis J Cruz
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Matsui H, Sakurai F, Katayama K, Abe Y, Machitani M, Kurachi S, Tachibana M, Mizuguchi H. A targeted adenovirus vector displaying a human fibronectin type III domain-based monobody in a fiber protein. Biomaterials 2013; 34:4191-4201. [PMID: 23473963 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A major drawback of adenovirus (Ad) vectors is their nonspecific transduction into various types of cells or tissue after in vivo application, which might lead to unexpected toxicity and tissue damage. To overcome this problem, we developed a fiber-mutant Ad vector displaying a monobody specific for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in the C-terminus of the knobless fiber protein derived from T4 phage fibritin. A monobody, which is a single domain antibody mimic based on the tenth human fibronectin type III domain scaffold with a structure similar to the variable domains of antibodies, would be suitable as a targeting molecule for display on the Ad capsid proteins because of its highly stable structure even under reducing conditions and low molecular weight (approximately 10 kDa). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis revealed that the monobody-displaying Ad vector specifically bound to the targeted molecules, leading to significant increases in cellular binding and transduction efficiencies in the targeted cells. Transduction with the monobody-displaying Ad vectors was significantly inhibited in the presence of the Fc-chimera protein of EGFR and VEGFR2. This monobody-displaying Ad vector would be a crucial resource for targeted gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Matsui
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sakurai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Katayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Abe
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Research (Pharmaceutical Proteomics), National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Machitani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Kurachi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tachibana
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Mizuguchi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Osaka, Japan; Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Unusual biophysics of intrinsically disordered proteins. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1834:932-51. [PMID: 23269364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Research of a past decade and a half leaves no doubt that complete understanding of protein functionality requires close consideration of the fact that many functional proteins do not have well-folded structures. These intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and proteins with intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs) are highly abundant in nature and play a number of crucial roles in a living cell. Their functions, which are typically associated with a wide range of intermolecular interactions where IDPs possess remarkable binding promiscuity, complement functional repertoire of ordered proteins. All this requires a close attention to the peculiarities of biophysics of these proteins. In this review, some key biophysical features of IDPs are covered. In addition to the peculiar sequence characteristics of IDPs these biophysical features include sequential, structural, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity of IDPs; their rough and relatively flat energy landscapes; their ability to undergo both induced folding and induced unfolding; the ability to interact specifically with structurally unrelated partners; the ability to gain different structures at binding to different partners; and the ability to keep essential amount of disorder even in the bound form. IDPs are also characterized by the "turned-out" response to the changes in their environment, where they gain some structure under conditions resulting in denaturation or even unfolding of ordered proteins. It is proposed that the heterogeneous spatiotemporal structure of IDPs/IDPRs can be described as a set of foldons, inducible foldons, semi-foldons, non-foldons, and unfoldons. They may lose their function when folded, and activation of some IDPs is associated with the awaking of the dormant disorder. It is possible that IDPs represent the "edge of chaos" systems which operate in a region between order and complete randomness or chaos, where the complexity is maximal. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The emerging dynamic view of proteins: Protein plasticity in allostery, evolution and self-assembly.
Collapse
|
17
|
Alberti MO, Roth JC, Ismail M, Tsuruta Y, Abraham E, Pereboeva L, Gerson SL, Curiel DT. Derivation of a myeloid cell-binding adenovirus for gene therapy of inflammation. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37812. [PMID: 22624065 PMCID: PMC3356302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene therapy field is currently limited by the lack of vehicles that permit efficient gene delivery to specific cell or tissue subsets. Native viral vector tropisms offer a powerful platform for transgene delivery but remain nonspecific, requiring elevated viral doses to achieve efficacy. In order to improve upon these strategies, our group has focused on genetically engineering targeting domains into viral capsid proteins, particularly those based on adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5). Our primary strategy is based on deletion of the fiber knob domain, to eliminate broad tissue specificity through the human coxsackie-and-adenovirus receptor (hCAR), with seamless incorporation of ligands to re-direct Ad tropism to cell types that express the cognate receptors. Previously, our group and others have demonstrated successful implementation of this strategy in order to specifically target Ad to a number of surface molecules expressed on immortalized cell lines. Here, we utilized phage biopanning to identify a myeloid cell-binding peptide (MBP), with the sequence WTLDRGY, and demonstrated that MBP can be successfully incorporated into a knob-deleted Ad5. The resulting virus, Ad.MBP, results in specific binding to primary myeloid cell types, as well as significantly higher transduction of these target populations ex vivo, compared to unmodified Ad5. These data are the first step in demonstrating Ad targeting to cell types associated with inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O. Alberti
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Justin C. Roth
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JCR); (DTC)
| | - Mourad Ismail
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yuko Tsuruta
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Edward Abraham
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Larisa Pereboeva
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Stanton L. Gerson
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- National Center for Regenerative Medicine, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JCR); (DTC)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Perfluorochemical liquid-adenovirus suspensions enhance gene delivery to the distal lung. Pulm Med 2011; 2011:918036. [PMID: 21876799 PMCID: PMC3159382 DOI: 10.1155/2011/918036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
WE COMPARED LUNG DELIVERY METHODS OF RECOMBINANT ADENOVIRUS (RAD): (1) rAd suspended in saline, (2) rAd suspended in saline followed by a pulse-chase of a perfluorochemical (PFC) liquid mixture, and (3) a PFC-rAd suspension. Cell uptake, distribution, and temporal expression of rAd were examined using A549 cells, a murine model using luciferase bioluminescence, and histological analyses. Relative to saline, a 4X increase in transduction efficiency was observed in A549 cells exposed to PFC-rAd for 2-4 h. rAd transgene expression was improved in alveolar epithelial cells, and the level and distribution of luciferase expression when delivered in PFC-rAd suspensions consistently peaked at 24 h. These results demonstrate that PFC-rAd suspensions improve distribution and enhance rAd-mediated gene expression which has important implications in improving lung function by gene therapy.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu D, Wang C, Li C, Zhang X, Zhang B, Mi Z, An X, Tong Y. Production and characterization of a humanized single-chain antibody against human integrin alphav beta3 protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:24500-7. [PMID: 21606501 PMCID: PMC3129229 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.211847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-angiogenesis therapy is an emerging strategy for cancer treatment. This therapy has many advantages over existing treatments, such as fewer side effects, fewer resistance problems, and a broader tumor type spectrum. Integrin αvβ3 is a heterodimeric transmembrane glycoprotein that has been demonstrated to play a key role in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis. We have used a phage antibody display to humanize a mouse monoclonal antibody (mAb E10) against human integrin αvβ3 with a predetermined CDR3 gene. Three human phage antibodies were developed. Analysis of the humanized phage antibodies by phage ELISA revealed that the antibodies retained high antigen-binding activity and detected the same epitope as the parent mAb E10. A humanized single chain Fv (scFv) antibody was expressed in Escherichia coli in a soluble form. Analysis of the purified scFv indicated that it has the same specificity and affinity as the original mAb. Cell viability assays and xenograft model results suggested that the humanized scFv possesses anti-tumor growth activity in vitro and in vivo. This successful production of a humanized scFv with the ability to inhibit αvβ3-mediated cancer cell growth may provide a novel candidate for integrin αvβ3-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dabin Liu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chen Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Cun Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Baozhong Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zhiqiang Mi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Xiaoping An
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- From the State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tropism-modification strategies for targeted gene delivery using adenoviral vectors. Viruses 2010; 2:2290-2355. [PMID: 21994621 PMCID: PMC3185574 DOI: 10.3390/v2102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving high efficiency, targeted gene delivery with adenoviral vectors is a long-standing goal in the field of clinical gene therapy. To achieve this, platform vectors must combine efficient retargeting strategies with detargeting modifications to ablate native receptor binding (i.e. CAR/integrins/heparan sulfate proteoglycans) and “bridging” interactions. “Bridging” interactions refer to coagulation factor binding, namely coagulation factor X (FX), which bridges hepatocyte transduction in vivo through engagement with surface expressed heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). These interactions can contribute to the off-target sequestration of Ad5 in the liver and its characteristic dose-limiting hepatotoxicity, thereby significantly limiting the in vivo targeting efficiency and clinical potential of Ad5-based therapeutics. To date, various approaches to retargeting adenoviruses (Ad) have been described. These include genetic modification strategies to incorporate peptide ligands (within fiber knob domain, fiber shaft, penton base, pIX or hexon), pseudotyping of capsid proteins to include whole fiber substitutions or fiber knob chimeras, pseudotyping with non-human Ad species or with capsid proteins derived from other viral families, hexon hypervariable region (HVR) substitutions and adapter-based conjugation/crosslinking of scFv, growth factors or monoclonal antibodies directed against surface-expressed target antigens. In order to maximize retargeting, strategies which permit detargeting from undesirable interactions between the Ad capsid and components of the circulatory system (e.g. coagulation factors, erythrocytes, pre-existing neutralizing antibodies), can be employed simultaneously. Detargeting can be achieved by genetic ablation of native receptor-binding determinants, ablation of “bridging interactions” such as those which occur between the hexon of Ad5 and coagulation factor X (FX), or alternatively, through the use of polymer-coated “stealth” vectors which avoid these interactions. Simultaneous retargeting and detargeting can be achieved by combining multiple genetic and/or chemical modifications.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lewis TB, Glasgow JN, Glandon AM, Curiel DT, Standaert DG. Transduction of brain dopamine neurons by adenoviral vectors is modulated by CAR expression: rationale for tropism modified vectors in PD gene therapy. PLoS One 2010; 5. [PMID: 20862245 PMCID: PMC2941453 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gene-based therapy is a new paradigm for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) and offers considerable promise for precise targeting and flexibility to impact multiple pathobiological processes for which small molecule agents are not available. Some success has been achieved utilizing adeno-associated virus for this approach, but it is likely that the characteristics of this vector system will ultimately create barriers to progress in clinical therapy. Adenovirus (Ad) vector overcomes limitations in payload size and targeting. The cellular tropism of Ad serotype 5 (Ad5)–based vectors is regulated by the Ad attachment protein binding to its primary cellular receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Many clinically relevant tissues are refractory to Ad5 infection due to negligible CAR levels but can be targeted by tropism-modified, CAR-independent forms of Ad. Our objective was to evaluate the role of CAR protein in transduction of dopamine (DA) neurons in vivo. Methodology/Principal Findings Ad5 was delivered to the substantia nigra (SN) in wild type (wt) and CAR transgenic animals. Cellular tropism was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the SN and striatal terminals. CAR expression was assessed by western blot and IHC. We found in wt animals, Ad5 results in robust transgene expression in astrocytes and other non-neuronal cells but poor infection of DA neurons. In contrast, in transgenic animals, Ad5 infects SNc neurons resulting in expression of transduced protein in their striatal terminals. Western blot showed low CAR expression in the ventral midbrain of wt animals compared to transgenic animals. Interestingly, hCAR protein localizes with markers of post-synaptic structures, suggesting synapses are the point of entry into dopaminergic neurons in transgenic animals. Conclusions/Significance These findings demonstrate that CAR deficiency limits infection of wild type DA neurons by Ad5 and provide a rationale for the development of tropism-modified, CAR-independent Ad-vectors for use in gene therapy of human PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis B. Lewis
- Department of Cell Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, and Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Joel N. Glasgow
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, and Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Anya M. Glandon
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pathology, and Surgery, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Gene Therapy Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - David G. Standaert
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen CY, May SM, Barry MA. Targeting adenoviruses with factor x-single-chain antibody fusion proteins. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:739-49. [PMID: 20331369 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract It has been shown that blood clotting factors, including factor X (FX), bind to the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) hexon protein and target the virus to liver hepatocytes after intravenous injection. These factors bind to hexon via their conserved vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (GLA) domains with subnanomolar affinity. In this work, we have used this strong interaction to retarget Ad to new receptors, using the GLA domain of FX fused to single-chain antibody variable fragment (ScFv). We demonstrate that fusion of the GLA domain of human FX to receptor-specific ScFvs will target Ad5 vectors to cells expressing these receptors. Fusion of an alphaHer2 ScFv to GLA increased in vitro transduction of Her2-positive versus Her2-negative cells when compared with untargeted virus. Similar results were obtained with ScFvs against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and against the stem cell marker ATP-binding cassette protein G2 (ABCG2). Direct expression of GLA fusion protein from replication-defective or replication-competent Ad increased infection and killing of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. These data demonstrate the potential of using GLA domains to bridge secreted ligands with intracellularly produced Ad5 vectors for vector targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Y Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Uil TG, de Vrij J, Vellinga J, Rabelink MJWE, Cramer SJ, Chan OYA, Pugnali M, Magnusson M, Lindholm L, Boulanger P, Hoeben RC. A lentiviral vector-based adenovirus fiber-pseudotyping approach for expedited functional assessment of candidate retargeted fibers. J Gene Med 2010; 11:990-1004. [PMID: 19757488 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies aimed at retargeting adenovirus (Ad) rationally focus on genetic modification of fiber, which is the primary receptor-binding protein of Ad. Retargeted fibers ultimately require functional validation in the viral context. METHODS Lentiviral vectors (LV) were used to express fiber variants in cells. Infections with a fiber gene-deleted Ad vector yielded fiber-pseudotyped viruses. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and slot blot-based assays probed target binding-ability of retargeted fibers. Differential treatments with an alkylating agent prior to western blot analysis allowed for examination of intra- and extracellular redox states of fibers. RESULTS In the present study, LV-based fiber-pseudotyping of Ad is presented as an accelerated means to test new fibers. LV-mediated gene transfer yielded stable and uniform populations of fiber variant-expressing cells. These populations were found to effectively support fiber-pseudotyping of Ad. As a secondary objective of the study, we functionally assessed a chimeric fiber harboring a tumor antigen-directed single-chain antibody fragment (scFv). This fiber was shown to trimerize and achieve a degree of binding to its antigenic target. However, its capsid incorporation ability was impaired and, moreover, it was unable to confer a detectable level of target binding upon Ad. Importantly, subsequent analyses of this fiber revealed the improper folding of its scFv constituent. CONCLUSIONS LV-based fiber-pseudotyping was established as a convenient method for testing modified fibers for functionality within Ad particles. Furthermore, a new chimeric fiber was found to be inadequate for Ad retargeting. The folding difficulties encountered for this particular fiber might be generally inherent to the use (i.e. for genetic Ad capsid incorporation) of complex, disulfide bridge-containing natural ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taco G Uil
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
A strategy for adenovirus vector targeting with a secreted single chain antibody. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8355. [PMID: 20027223 PMCID: PMC2791226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful gene therapy will require targeted delivery vectors capable of self-directed localization. In this regard, the use of antibodies or single chain antibody fragments (scFv) in conjunction with adenovirus (Ad) vectors remains an attractive means to achieve cell-specific targeting. However, a longstanding barrier to the development of Ad vectors with genetically incorporated scFvs has been the biosynthetic incompatibility between Ad capsid proteins and antibody-derived species. Specifically, scFv require posttranslational modifications not available to Ad capsid proteins due to their cytoplasmic routing during protein synthesis and virion assembly. Methodology/Principal Findings We have therefore sought to develop scFv-targeted Ad vectors using a secreted scFv that undergoes the requisite posttranslational modifications and is trafficked for secretion. Formation of the scFv-targeted Ad vector is achieved via highly specific association of the Ad virion and a targeting scFv employing synthetic leucine zipper-like dimerization domains (zippers) that have been optimized for structural compatibility with the Ad capsid and for association with the secreted scFv. Our results show that zipper-containing Ad fiber molecules trimerize and incorporate into mature virions and that zippers can be genetically fused to scFv without ablating target recognition. Most importantly, we show that zipper-tagged virions and scFv provide target-specific gene transfer. Conclusions/Significance This work describes a new approach to produce targeted Ad vectors using a secreted scFv molecule, thereby avoiding the problem of structural and biosynthetic incompatibility between Ad and a complex targeting ligand. This approach may facilitate Ad targeting using a wide variety of targeting ligands directed towards a variety of cellular receptors.
Collapse
|
25
|
Gimenez-Alejandre M, Cascallo M, Bayo-Puxan N, Alemany R. Coagulation factors determine tumor transduction in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2009; 19:1415-9. [PMID: 18795826 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2008.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A critical obstacle for efficient gene therapy and virotherapy of cancer with adenoviral vectors and oncolytic adenoviruses is to target tumor cells in vivo. Recent reports indicate that, contrary to the natural airborne infection of epithelial cells with adenovirus type 5 mediated by coxsackievirus B and adenovirus receptor (CAR) and integrins, blood-borne adenovirus infects hepatocytes mainly through an indirect pathway that involves blood coagulation factors. In this report we have studied whether adenovirus also infects tumor cells in vivo by this pathway. In vitro and in vivo analyses show that vitamin K-dependent coagulation zymogens mediate tumor transduction and that the elimination of these factors abrogates tumor transduction. This finding imposes new challenges to retarget adenoviruses in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Gimenez-Alejandre
- Translational Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-Institut Català d'Oncologia, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
O'Connor DM, O'Brien T. Nitric oxide synthase gene therapy: progress and prospects. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:867-78. [PMID: 19463074 DOI: 10.1517/14712590903002047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
NOS gene therapy has been the focus of extensive research as dysfunction of this enzyme has been implicated in several cardiovascular diseases. Research has concentrated on comparing the effect of gene delivery of NOS isoforms (eNOS, iNOS and nNOS) in healthy and diseased animal models on intimal hyperplasia, restenosis, vascular tone and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Most results demonstrate therapeutic benefits following vascular gene delivery of all NOS in pre-clinical models of cardiovascular disease. eNOS has been shown to have particular promise as it promotes re-endothelialisation and inhibits intimal hyperplasia in injured blood vessels. The ultimate goal is to translate the benefit of NOS gene therapy in animal models into clinical practise. To develop NOS gene therapy for clinical use further work needs to be undertaken to improve delivery systems and vectors to minimise detrimental side-effects and enhance positive treatment outcomes. This review focuses on current research on NOS gene therapy in cardiovascular disease and identifies the next steps that would be necessary to lead to clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M O'Connor
- REMEDI, NCBES, National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Adenovirus provides an attractive candidate tool to destroy tumor cells. However, to fulfill the expectations, selective targeting of tumor cells is mandatory. This chapter reviews critical aspects in the design of tumor-targeted adenovirus vectors and oncolytic adenoviruses. The review focuses on genetic modifications of capsid and regulatory genes that can enhance the therapeutic index of these agents after systemic administration. Selectivity will be considered at different levels: biodistribution selectivity of the injected virus particles, transductional selectivity defined as cell receptor interactions and trafficking that lead to virus gene expression, transcriptional selectivity by means of tumor-selective promoters, and mutation-rescue selectivity to achieve selective replication. Proper assays to analyze selectivity at these different levels are discussed. Finally, mutations and transgenes that can enhance the potency and efficacy of tumor-targeted adenoviruses from virocentric or immunocentric points of view will be presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramon Alemany
- Translational Research Laboratory, Catalan Institute of Oncology, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gimenez-Alejandre M, Cascallo M, Bayo-Puxan N, Alemany R. Coagulation factors determine tumor transduction in vivo. Hum Gene Ther 2008. [DOI: 10.1089/hgt.2008.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
29
|
|
30
|
Cattaneo R, Miest T, Shashkova EV, Barry MA. Reprogrammed viruses as cancer therapeutics: targeted, armed and shielded. Nat Rev Microbiol 2008; 6:529-40. [PMID: 18552863 PMCID: PMC3947522 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro1927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Virotherapy is currently undergoing a renaissance, based on our improved understanding of virus biology and genetics and our better knowledge of many different types of cancer. Viruses can be reprogrammed into oncolytic vectors by combining three types of modification: targeting, arming and shielding. Targeting introduces multiple layers of cancer specificity and improves safety and efficacy; arming occurs through the expression of prodrug convertases and cytokines; and coating with polymers and the sequential usage of different envelopes or capsids provides shielding from the host immune response. Virus-based therapeutics are beginning to find their place in cancer clinical practice, in combination with chemotherapy and radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Rochester, MayoClinic, Minnesota 55905, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lindholm L, Henning P, Magnusson MK. Novel strategies in tailoring human adenoviruses into therapeutic cancer gene therapy vectors. Future Virol 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/17460794.3.1.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy is a novel approach for the treatment of cancer that has so far not been realized. The scope of this review is to try to define the remaining barriers to the successful use of adenovirus vectors for gene and viral therapy of human tumors and to suggest solutions whereby these barriers can be bypassed. It is the conviction of the authors that too many studies have been performed in animal models that are not sufficiently comprehensive to allow conclusions to be drawn for application in humans. For example, in the case of the murine experimental model, in which most studies have been performed, mice are devoid of circulating antibodies to adenovirus type 5 and adenovirus cannot replicate in mouse cells. While the problems are real enough, as witnessed by the quite limited success in human trials, some of the solutions that will be suggested here are hypothetical and have not as yet been tried, even in animals. The review has no ambition to be exhaustive but is intended as a contribution in order to forward the field of gene therapy vectors for systemic clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leif Lindholm
- University of Goteborg, Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, PO Box 435, SE 40530 Goteborg, Sweden, and, Got-A-Gene AB, Östra Kyviksvägen 18, SE 42930 Kullavik, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- University of Goteborg, Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, PO Box 435, SE 40530 Goteborg, Sweden, and, Got-A-Gene AB, Östra Kyviksvägen 18, SE 42930 Kullavik, Sweden
| | - Maria K Magnusson
- University of Goteborg, Institute for Biomedicine, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, PO Box 435, SE 40530 Goteborg, Sweden, and, Got-A-Gene AB, Östra Kyviksvägen 18, SE 42930 Kullavik, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Hida K, Hanes J, Ostermeier M. Directed evolution for drug and nucleic acid delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2007; 59:1562-78. [PMID: 17933418 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 08/20/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Directed evolution is a term used to describe a variety of related techniques to rapidly evolve peptides and proteins into new forms that exhibit improved properties for specific applications. In this process, molecular biology techniques allow the creation of up to billions of mutants in a single experiment, which are then subjected to high-throughput screening to identify those with enhanced activity. Applications of directed evolution to drug and gene delivery have been recently described, including those that improve the effectiveness of therapeutic enzymes, targeting peptides and antibodies, and the effectiveness or tropism of viral vectors for use in gene therapy. This review first introduces fundamental concepts of directed evolution, and then discusses emerging applications in the field of drug and gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Hida
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore MD, 21218, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Brumlik MJ, Daniel BJ, Waehler R, Curiel DT, Giles FJ, Curiel TJ. Trends in immunoconjugate and ligand-receptor based targeting development for cancer therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2007; 5:87-103. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.5.1.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
34
|
Tacken PJ, de Vries IJM, Torensma R, Figdor CG. Dendritic-cell immunotherapy: from ex vivo loading to in vivo targeting. Nat Rev Immunol 2007; 7:790-802. [PMID: 17853902 DOI: 10.1038/nri2173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 573] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The realization that dendritic cells (DCs) orchestrate innate and adaptive immune responses has stimulated research on harnessing DCs to create more effective vaccines. Early clinical trials exploring autologous DCs that were loaded with antigens ex vivo to induce T-cell responses have provided proof of principle. Here, we discuss how direct targeting of antigens to DC surface receptors in vivo might replace laborious and expensive ex vivo culturing, and facilitate large-scale application of DC-based vaccination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Tacken
- Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Tumour Immunology, Postbox 9101, Nijmegen, 6500HB, Netherlands
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Campos SK, Barry MA. Current advances and future challenges in Adenoviral vector biology and targeting. Curr Gene Ther 2007; 7:189-204. [PMID: 17584037 PMCID: PMC2244792 DOI: 10.2174/156652307780859062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivery vectors based on Adenoviral (Ad) vectors have enormous potential for the treatment of both hereditary and acquired disease. Detailed structural analysis of the Ad virion, combined with functional studies has broadened our knowledge of the structure/function relationships between Ad vectors and host cells/tissues and substantial achievement has been made towards a thorough understanding of the biology of Ad vectors. The widespread use of Ad vectors for clinical gene therapy is compromised by their inherent immunogenicity. The generation of safer and more effective Ad vectors, targeted to the site of disease, has therefore become a great ambition in the field of Ad vector development. This review provides a synopsis of the structure/function relationships between Ad vectors and host systems and summarizes the many innovative approaches towards achieving Ad vector targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K. Campos
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Michael A. Barry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology Program, Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
- *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Immunology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Translational Immunovirology Program, Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Translating knowledge of genetic disease mechanisms into gene therapies has been slow with limited clinical success. One major reason is that the transfer vectors, which are most often of viral origin, are not targeted sufficiently towards the cells of interest. To achieve successful delivery of genetic material, transductional targeting is often essential to enter the target cell and to avoid side effects from the transduction of non-target cells. Many techniques to target viral vectors to specific cells have been developed. They can be divided into three types: systems that use adaptor proteins from other viruses (pseudotyping); systems that use adaptors to couple the targeting ligand to the vector; and systems that genetically incorporate the targeting moiety into the viral genome. Whereas systems involving adaptor proteins are highly useful in preclinical evaluations, systems that make use of genetically incorporated targeting ligands are advantageous for clinical applications. Combinations of several targeting principles (including ablation of natural tropism, pseudotyping and adaptors) and novel combinations (such as the adeno-associated virus (AAV) genome in a phage vector) allow systemic vector application. An initial clinical study with a targeted retrovirus showed feasibility to transfer laboratory success to patient application, underlining that there are no principal regulatory barriers for targeted vectors. Systemic vector applications will be facilitated by enabling the vector to move beyond the vascular endothelium at specific sites, using transcytosis or cellular vehicles. The application of existing targeting techniques to new viral vector serotypes and new vector classes is extending the therapeutic capabilities further. Obstacles to systemic application of vectors are found in the blood as immune reactions against the vector and as binding of blood proteins to the vector. Some targeting approaches might have the potential to circumvent these obstacles. To preclinically evaluate new targeting strategies, several models that reflect the human situation to varying degrees are available. The use of primary cells, tissue-slice systems and transgenic animals seems to be especially promising. Imaging technologies provide the ability to monitor the vector in vivo in real time without sacrificing the animal model. These techniques facilitate vector targeting and biodistribution studies.
A key challenge in gene therapy is vector targeting to specific cells, while avoiding effects on other tissues. Several strategies have been developed recently to enable targeting of the main viral vectors, moving them a step closer to clinical use. To achieve therapeutic success, transfer vehicles for gene therapy must be capable of transducing target cells while avoiding impact on non-target cells. Despite the high transduction efficiency of viral vectors, their tropism frequently does not match the therapeutic need. In the past, this lack of appropriate targeting allowed only partial exploitation of the great potential of gene therapy. Substantial progress in modifying viral vectors using diverse techniques now allows targeting to many cell types in vitro. Although important challenges remain for in vivo applications, the first clinical trials with targeted vectors have already begun to take place.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Waehler
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, 502 Biomedical Research Building II, 901 19th Street, South Birmingham, 35294-2172 Alabama USA
| | - Stephen J. Russell
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, 55905 Minnesota USA
| | - David T. Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, 502 Biomedical Research Building II, 901 19th Street, South Birmingham, 35294-2172 Alabama USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stoff-Khalili MA, Rivera AA, Stoff A, Michael Mathis J, Rocconi RP, Matthews QL, Numnum MT, Herrmann I, Dall P, Eckhoff DE, Douglas JT, Siegal GP, Zhu ZB, Curiel DT. Combining high selectivity of replication via CXCR4 promoter with fiber chimerism for effective adenoviral oncolysis in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2007; 120:935-41. [PMID: 17131341 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAds) represent novel therapeutic agents that have been recently applied in the context of breast cancer therapy. However, deficiencies in the ability of the adenovirus to infect target tumor cells and to specifically replicate within the tumor target represent key deficiencies preventing the realization of the full potential of this therapeutic approach. Minimal expression of the adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) receptor CAR (coxsackie and adenovirus receptor) on breast cancer cells represents a major limitation for Ad5-based virotherapy. Genetic fiber chimerism is a method to alter the tropism of Ad5-based CRAds to achieve CAR-independent infectivity of tumor cells. Here, we describe the use of a CRAd with cancer specific transcriptional control of the essential Ad5 E1A gene using the human CXCR4 gene promoter. We further modified the fiber protein of this agent by switching the knob domain with that of the adenovirus serotype 3. The oncolytic activity of this 5/3 fiber-modified CRAd was studied in breast cancer cell lines, primary breast cancer and human liver tissue slices from patients, and in a xenograft breast cancer mouse model. This infectivity enhanced CRAd agent showed improved replication and killing in breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo with a remarkable specificity profile that was strongly attenuated in nonbreast cancer cells, as well as in normal human breast and liver tissues. In conclusion, utilization of a CRAd that combined infectivity enhancement strategies and transcriptional targeting improved the CRAd-based antineoplastic effects for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariam A Stoff-Khalili
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine and the Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Balestrieri ML, Napoli C. Novel challenges in exploring peptide ligands and corresponding tissue-specific endothelial receptors. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:1242-50. [PMID: 17449238 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2007.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The structural and molecular diversity of vascular endothelium may depend on the functional state and tissue localisation of its cells. Tumour vasculature expresses a number of molecular markers that distinguish it from normal vasculature. In cancer, the determinant of specific tumour vasculature heterogeneity is, in part, dictated by dysregulated expression of tumour-derived angiogenic factors. The identification of molecular 'addresses' on the surface of tumour vasculature has significantly contributed to the selection of targets, which have been used for delivering therapeutic and imaging agents in cancer. Cytotoxic drug, pro-apoptotic peptides, protease inhibitors, and gene therapy vectors have been successfully linked to peptides and delivered to tumour sites with an improved experimental therapy. Different diagnostic and therapeutic compounds can be efficiently targeted to specific receptors on vascular endothelial cells; the development of ligand-directed vector tools may promote systemic targeted gene delivery. Here, we review the very recent advances in the identification of peptide ligands and their corresponding tissue-specific endothelial receptors through the phage display technology with emphasis on ligand-directed delivery of therapeutic agents and targeted gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Balestrieri
- Department of Chemical Biology and Physics; 1st School of Medicine, II University of Naples, Complesso S. Andrea delle Dame, Naples 80138, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vellinga J, De Vrij J, Myhre S, Uil T, Martineau P, Lindholm L, Hoeben RC. Efficient incorporation of a functional hyper-stable single-chain antibody fragment protein-IX fusion in the adenovirus capsid. Gene Ther 2007; 14:664-70. [PMID: 17268536 PMCID: PMC2233715 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Revised: 12/03/2006] [Accepted: 12/03/2006] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant adenoviruses are frequently used as gene transfer vehicles for therapeutic gene delivery. Strategies to amend their tropism include the incorporation of polypeptides with high affinity for cellular receptors. Single-chain antibodies have a great potential to achieve such cell type specificity. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of incorporation of a single-chain antibody fused with the adenovirus minor capsid protein IX in the capsid of adenovirus type 5 vectors. To this end, the codons for the single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) 13R4 were fused with those encoding of pIX via a 75-Angstrom spacer sequence. The 13R4 is a hyper-stable single-chain antibody directed against beta-galactosidase, which was selected for its capacity to fold correctly in a reducing environment such as the cytoplasm. A lentiviral vector was used to stably express the pIX.flag.75.13R4.MYC.HIS fusion gene in 911 helper cells. Upon propagation of pIX-gene deleted human adenovirus-5 vectors on these cells, the pIX-fusion protein was efficiently incorporated in the capsid. Here, the 13R4 scFv was functional as was evident from its capacity to bind its ligand beta-galactosidase. These data demonstrate that the minor capsid protein IX can be used as an anchor for incorporation of single-chain antibodies in the capsids of adenovirus vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jort Vellinga
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,
Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg
20, 2300 RC Leiden,The Netherlands,FR
| | - Jeroen De Vrij
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,
Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg
20, 2300 RC Leiden,The Netherlands,FR
| | | | - Taco Uil
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,
Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg
20, 2300 RC Leiden,The Netherlands,FR
| | - Pierre Martineau
- CPBS, Centre de pharmacologie et biotechnologies pour la santé
CNRS : UMR5160BIO-RADUniversité Montpellier IUniversité Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du LanguedocFaculté de Pharmacie - bat. I
15 Av Charles Flahault - BP 14491
34093 MONTPELLIER CEDEX 5,FR
| | | | - Rob C. Hoeben
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology,
Leiden University Medical CenterDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg
20, 2300 RC Leiden,The Netherlands,FR
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Preuss
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-2172, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hasegawa K, Nakamura T, Harvey M, Ikeda Y, Oberg A, Figini M, Canevari S, Hartmann LC, Peng KW. The use of a tropism-modified measles virus in folate receptor-targeted virotherapy of ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:6170-8. [PMID: 17062694 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-0992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Attenuated measles viruses are promising experimental anticancer agents currently being evaluated in a phase I dose escalation trial for ovarian cancer patients. Virus attachment, entry, and subsequent intercellular fusion between infected and uninfected neighboring cells are mediated via the two measles receptors (CD46 and SLAM). To minimize potential toxicity due to measles virus-associated immunosuppression and infection of nontarget tissues, we sought to develop an ovarian cancer exclusive fully retargeted measles virus. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS Interactions of measles virus with its natural receptors were ablated, and a single-chain antibody (scFv) specific for alpha-folate receptor (FRalpha), a target overexpressed on 90% of nonmucinous ovarian cancer, was genetically engineered on the viral attachment protein (MV-alphaFR). Specificity of virus tropism was tested on tumor and normal cells. Biodistribution of measles virus infection was evaluated in measles-susceptible CD46 transgenic mice, whereas antitumor activity was monitored noninvasively by bioluminescence imaging in xenograft models. Tropism and fusogenic activity of MV-alphaFR was redirected exclusively to FRalpha without compromise to virus infectivity. In contrast to the parental virus, MV-alphaFR has no background infectivity on normal human cells. The antitumor activity of MV-alphaFR, as assessed by tumor volume reduction and overall survival increase, was equal to the parental virus in two models of human ovarian cancer (s.c. and i.p.). CONCLUSIONS A FR-exclusive ovarian cancer targeted oncolytic virus was generated and shown to be therapeutically effective, thus introducing a new modality for FR targeting and a candidate measles virus for clinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Hasegawa
- Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li J, Lad S, Yang G, Luo Y, Iacobelli-Martinez M, Primus FJ, Reisfeld RA, Li E. Adenovirus fiber shaft contains a trimerization element that supports peptide fusion for targeted gene delivery. J Virol 2006; 80:12324-31. [PMID: 17020947 PMCID: PMC1676309 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01331-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral (Ad) vectors have been widely used in human gene therapy clinical trials. However, their application has frequently been restricted by the unfavorable expression of cell surface receptors critical for Ad infection. Infections by Ad2 and Ad5 are largely regulated by the elongated fiber protein that mediates its attachment to a cell surface receptor, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). The fiber protein is a homotrimer consisting of an N-terminal tail, a long shaft, and a C-terminal knob region that is responsible for high-affinity receptor binding and Ad tropism. Consequently, the modification of the knob region, including peptide insertion and C-terminal fusion of ligands for cell surface receptors, has become a major research focus for targeting gene delivery. Such manipulation tends to disrupt fiber assembly since the knob region contains a stabilization element for fiber trimerization. We report here the identification of a novel trimerization element in the Ad fiber shaft. We demonstrate that fiber fragments containing the N-terminal tail and shaft repeats formed stable trimers that assembled onto Ad virions independently of the knob region. This fiber shaft trimerization element (FSTE) exhibited a capacity to support peptide fusion. We showed that Ad, modified with a chimeric protein by direct fusion of the FSTE with a growth factor ligand or a single-chain antibody, delivered a reporter gene selectively. Together, these results indicate that the shaft region of Ad fiber protein contains a trimerization element that allows ligand fusion, which potentially broadens the basis for Ad vector development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Li
- Department of Immunology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ternovoi VV, Curiel DT, Smith BF, Siegal GP. Adenovirus-mediated p53 tumor suppressor gene therapy of osteosarcoma. J Transl Med 2006; 86:748-66. [PMID: 16751779 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome for osteosarcoma (OS) remains discouraging despite efforts to optimize treatment using conventional modalities including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Novel therapeutic approaches based on our expanding understanding of the mechanisms of tumor cell killing have the potential to alter this situation. Tumor suppressor gene therapy aims to restore the function of a tumor suppressor gene lost or functionally inactivated in cancer cells. One such molecule, the p53 tumor suppressor gene plays a critical role in safeguarding the integrity of the genome and preventing tumorigenesis. Introduction of wild-type (wt) p53 into transformed cells has been shown to be lethal for most cancer cells in vitro, but clinical trials of p53 gene replacement have had limited success. Analysis of these clinical trials highlighted the insufficient efficacy of current vectors and low proapoptotic activity of wt p53 as a single agent in vivo. In this review, a contemporary summarization of the current status of adenovirus-mediated p53 gene therapy of OS is presented. Advancement in our understanding of p53 tumor suppressor activity, the molecular biology of chemoresistant OS, and recent advances in tumor targeting with adenoviral vectors are also addressed. Based on these parameters, prospects for future investigations are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Ternovoi
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in antigen-specific immune regulation. DCs take up and process antigens and present these as peptides through MHC molecules to T cells. Recent pre-clinical and clinical studies have exploited DCs as a means to improve vaccine efficiency. In these studies, monocyte-derived autologous DCs are loaded ex vivo with antigens and re-administered to the patient. These tailor-made vaccines are costly and labor intensive, and therefore less suitable for large-scale immunization programs. As a next step in the development of DC vaccines, it is proposed to load DCs with antigens in vivo. Drug delivery systems harboring antigens have been targeted to DCs via specific surface receptors preferentially expressed by DCs, resulting in priming of humoral and cellular immune responses. The present review focuses on the various antigen delivery systems that are currently in use and the DC surface receptors they target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Tacken
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Glasgow JN, Everts M, Curiel DT. Transductional targeting of adenovirus vectors for gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 13:830-44. [PMID: 16439993 PMCID: PMC1781516 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer gene therapy approaches will derive considerable benefit from adenovirus (Ad) vectors capable of self-directed localization to neoplastic disease or immunomodulatory targets in vivo. The ablation of native Ad tropism coupled with active targeting modalities has demonstrated that innate gene delivery efficiency may be retained while circumventing Ad dependence on its primary cellular receptor, the coxsackie and Ad receptor. Herein, we describe advances in Ad targeting that are predicated on a fundamental understanding of vector/cell interplay. Further, we propose strategies by which existing paradigms, such as nanotechnology, may be combined with Ad vectors to form advanced delivery vehicles with multiple functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JN Glasgow
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M Everts
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - DT Curiel
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Departments of Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is crucial for the progression and metastasis of cancer. The vasculature of tumor tissue is different from normal vasculature. Therefore, tumor vascular targeting therapy could represent an effective therapeutic strategy with which to suppress both primary tumor growth and tumor metastasis. The use of viral vectors for tumor vascular targeting therapy is a promising strategy based on the unique properties of viral vectors. In order to circumvent the potential problems of antiviral neutralizing antibodies, poor access to extravascular tumor tissue, and toxicities to normal tissue, viral vectors need to be modified to target the tumor endothelial cells. Viral vectors that could be used for tumor vascular targeting therapy include adenoviral vectors, adeno-associated viral vectors, retroviral vectors, lentiviral vectors, measles virus, and herpes simplex viral vectors. In this review, we will summarize the strategies available for targeting viral vectors for tumor vascular targeting therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzheng Liu
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, 10835 Road to the Cure, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Noureddini SC, Krendelshchikov A, Simonenko V, Hedley SJ, Douglas JT, Curiel DT, Korokhov N. Generation and selection of targeted adenoviruses embodying optimized vector properties. Virus Res 2005; 116:185-95. [PMID: 16293334 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 10/11/2005] [Accepted: 10/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The utility of adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5)-based vectors for gene therapy applications would be improved by cell-specific targeting. However, strategies to redirect Ad5 vectors to alternate cellular receptors via replacement of the capsid fiber protein have often resulted in structurally unstable vectors. In view of this, we hypothesized that the selection of modified adenoviruses during their rescue and propagation would be a straightforward approach that guarantees the generation of functional, targeted vectors. Based on our first generation fiber-fibritin molecule, several new chimeric fibers containing variable amounts of fibritin and the Ad5 fiber shaft were analyzed via a new scheme for Ad vector selection. Our selected chimera, composed of the entire Ad5 fiber shaft fused to the 12th coiled-coil segment of fibritin, is capable of efficient capsid incorporation and ligand display. Moreover, transduction by the resultant vector is independent of the expression of the native Ad5 receptor. The incorporation of the Fc-binding domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A at the carboxy terminus of this chimeric fiber facilitates targeting of the vector to a variety of cellular receptors by means of coupling with monoclonal antibodies. In addition, we have concluded that Ad5 vectors incorporating individual targeting ligands require individual optimization of the fiber-fibritin chimera, which may be accomplished by selecting the optimal fiber-fibritin variant at the stage of rescue of the virus in cells of interest, as described herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Noureddini
- VectorLogics, Inc., 550 11th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|