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Sato T, Aoki T, Ito Y, Oishi K, Fujishima M, Okumura E, Ishii K. Effects of continuous supplementation of Acanthopanax senticosus Harms on the cardiac autonomic function of community-dwelling elderly individuals during resting and standing tests: a randomized controlled trial. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1336676. [PMID: 38525193 PMCID: PMC10957529 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1336676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac autonomic function (CAF) decreases with aging, and Acanthopanax senticosus Harms (ASH) consumption reportedly induces anti-stress effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of continuous supplementation of ASH on CAF during resting and standing tests in the elderly population. Methods This double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted in the morning in a laboratory setting and was carried out between June 2017 and July 2017 at Kambaikan, Doshisha University (Karasuma-higashi-iru, Imadegawa-dori, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8580, Japan). In total, 28 community-dwelling elderly individuals (mean ± standard deviation = 72.5 ± 4.5 years) were included. Each subject was instructed to consume ASH or placebo supplements twice daily for 4 weeks. An autonomic reflex orthostatic tolerance recorder was used to measure CAF in pre- and post-intervention phases. Parameters were measured in a seated position and included coefficient of variation of R-R intervals (CVRR), low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), LF/HF ratio, blood pressure, and heart rate (HR). Changes in each parameter were evaluated before and after standing. All parameters were defined as the difference between the mean value obtained in a standing position for 2 min and that obtained in a 2-min seated position. Results A two-way analysis of variance revealed a significant group-time interaction effect on CVRR, HF, and ΔLF/HF ratio. Following the intervention, CVRR, HF, LF/HF ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), HR, ΔLF/HF ratio, ΔSBP, and ΔHR improved significantly in the ASH group only. Conclusions Four-week supplementation of ASH improved CAF in community-dwelling elderly individuals during resting and standing tests. Clinical Trial Registration https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000031218, UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000027251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Sato
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Japan
| | - Takumi Aoki
- Faculty of Education, Miyagi Gakuin Women’s University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Kan Oishi
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Japan
| | | | | | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyo-Tanabe, Japan
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2
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Theurot D, Dupuy O, Louis J, Douzi W, Morin R, Arc-Chagnaud C, Dugué B. Partial-body cryostimulation does not impact peripheral microvascular responsiveness but reduces muscular metabolic O 2 consumption (mV˙O 2) at rest. Cryobiology 2023; 112:104561. [PMID: 37499963 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2023.104561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of partial-body cryostimulation (PBC) on microvascular responsiveness and muscular metabolic O2 consumption rate (mV˙O2). Twenty healthy young adults (ten males and ten females) underwent a post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) test at the flexor digitorum superficialis area before and after a 3-min PBC session and a 3-min control session. Using near-infrared spectroscopy, occlusion and reperfusion slopes were calculated: oxyhemoglobin ([HbO2]) decrease rate ([HbO2] slope 1), deoxyhaemoglobin ([HHb]) increase rate ([HHb] slope 1), [HbO2] increase rate ([HbO2] slope 2), and [HHb] increase rate ([HHb] slope 2. Using HbO2 kinetics during the occlusion, mV˙O2 was also calculated to characterize myocytes' metabolic O2 consumption. HbO2 slope 1 value was lower after PBC than before PBC (-0.15 ± 0.08 vs -0.24 ± 0.11 s-1; respectively; P < 0.05) in male participants only. A lower [HHb] slope 1 was also observed after PBC compared to before PBC (0.18 ± 0.10 vs 0.24 ± 0.16 s-1; P < 0.05) with no interaction for sex categories. mV˙O2 was significantly lower after PBC than before (pre values 14.75 ± 3.94 vs 18.47 ± 5.73 μMO2Hb.s-1; respectively; P < 0.01) with no interaction between sex categories. No changes in the calculated slope 2 were observed. These findings suggest that a single session of PBC reduces the muscular metabolic O2 needs at rest; however, it does not alter the vascular ability to provide O2 to the myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitri Theurot
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poitiers, France.
| | - Olivier Dupuy
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poitiers, France; Ecole de Kinésiologie et des Sciences de l'Activité Physique (EKSAP), Faculté de Medicine, Université de Montreal, Canada
| | - Julien Louis
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences (RISES), Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - Wafa Douzi
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poitiers, France
| | - Renée Morin
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Coralie Arc-Chagnaud
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poitiers, France
| | - Benoit Dugué
- University of Poitiers, Laboratory MOVE (UR 20296), Faculty of Sport Sciences, Poitiers, France
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3
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Nguyen DT, Bricout VA, Tran HT, Pham VH, Duong-Quy S. Sleep apnea in people with Down syndrome: Causes and effects of physical activity? Front Neurol 2023; 14:1123624. [PMID: 36816555 PMCID: PMC9931749 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1123624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor sleep quality is recognized as a major risk factor for poor health, increasing the incidence of serious chronic diseases. In people with Down syndrome, sleep apnea prevalence is significantly greater, it is caused by genetic, anatomical, endocrine, and metabolic abnormalities. The consequences of sleep disruption due to sleep apnea are very serious, especially in terms of neurocognitive and cardiovascular effects, leading to reduced life expectancy and quality of life in this population. However, the management, care, and treatment of related disorders in people with Down syndrome are still inadequate and limited. Therefore, this article wants to increase understanding and awareness about sleep apnea and the benefits of physical activity in improving sleep quality in the Down syndrome community, families, and their care specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy-Thai Nguyen
- Clinical Research Committee, Vietnam Society of Sleep Medicine (VSSM), Da Lat, Vietnam,National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hong-Tram Tran
- National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van-Hung Pham
- National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sy Duong-Quy
- Sleep Lab Centre, Bio-Medical Research Centre, Lam Dong Medical College, Da Lat, Vietnam,Immuno-Allergology Division, Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Medical College, Hershey, PA, United States,Sleep Lab Unit, Outpatient Department, Pham Ngoc Thach Medical University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,Department of Respiratory Functional Exploration, University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam,*Correspondence: Sy Duong-Quy ✉
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4
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Impact of Outdoor Temperature Variations on Thermal State in Experiments Using Immersive Virtual Environment. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su131910638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have established immersive virtual environments (IVEs) as promising tools for studying human thermal states and human–building interactions. One advantage of using immersive virtual environments is that experiments or data collection can be conducted at any time of the year. However, previous studies have confirmed the potential impact of outdoor temperature variations, such as seasonal variations on human thermal sensation. To the best of our knowledge, no study has looked into the potential impact of variations in outdoor temperatures on experiments using IVE. Thus, this study aimed to determine if different outdoor temperature conditions affected the thermal states in experiments using IVEs. Experiments were conducted using a head mounted display (HMD) in a climate chamber, and the data was analyzed under three temperature ranges. A total of seventy-two people participated in the experiments conducted in two contrasting outdoor temperature conditions, i.e., cold and warm outdoor conditions. The in situ experiments conducted in two cases, i.e., cooling in warm outdoor conditions and heating in cold outdoor conditions, were used as a baseline. The baseline in-situ experiments were then compared with the IVE experiments conducted in four cases, i.e., cooling in warm and cold outdoor conditions and heating in warm and cold outdoor conditions. The selection of cooling in cold outdoor conditions and heating in warm outdoor conditions for IVE experiments is particularly for studying the impact of outdoor temperature variations. Results showed that under the experimental and outdoor temperature conditions, outdoor temperature variations in most cases did not impact the results of IVE experiments, i.e., IVE experiments can replicate a temperature environment for participants compared to the ones in the in situ experiments. In addition, the participant’s thermal sensation vote was found to be a reliable indicator between IVE and in situ settings in all studied conditions. A few significantly different cases were related to thermal comfort, thermal acceptability, and overall skin temperature.
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Dumortier L, Bricout VA. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in adults with down syndrome: Causes and consequences. Is it a "chicken and egg" question? Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 108:124-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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TSUJITA N, AKAMATSU Y, NISHIDA MM, HAYASHI T, MORITANI T. Effect of Tryptophan, Vitamin B 6, and Nicotinamide-Containing Supplement Loading between Meals on Mood and Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Young Adults with Subclinical Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2019; 65:507-514. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.65.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki TSUJITA
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Yasunori AKAMATSU
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | | | - Tatsuya HAYASHI
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Toshio MORITANI
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
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7
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The blood pressure variability and baroreflex sensitivity in healthy participants are not determined by sex or cardiorespiratory fitness. Blood Press Monit 2019; 23:260-270. [PMID: 29994926 DOI: 10.1097/mbp.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) autonomic modulation and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) are important indexes of cardiovascular homeostasis. However, methodological errors are often observed, such as joint analysis of men and women. Another important aspect is that we still do not know whether cardiorespiratory fitness influences these autonomic parameters in healthy individuals. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate whether sex can affect BRS, autonomic modulation of HR and BP variabilities (HRV and BPV, respectively), as well as the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on these autonomic parameters. METHODS Healthy men and women (N=120) were assigned to groups according to the peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) obtained in the cardiorespiratory test: low cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak: 22-38 ml/kg/min), moderate cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak: 38-48 ml/kg/min), and high cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak>48 ml/kg/min). HRV and BPV evaluations were performed for all groups in the frequency domain by spectral analysis. Spontaneous BRS was assessed using the sequence method. RESULTS Women presented lower BP values compared with men. HR did not differ between sexes, but showed an inverse relationship with cardiorespiratory performance. The HRV analysis showed greater sympathetic modulation for men and greater vagal modulation for women. Men and women presented similar results for systolic BPV and BRS, and cardiorespiratory performance did not influence any of the autonomic parameters evaluated. CONCLUSION Cardiorespiratory fitness does not interfere with HRV and BPV autonomic modulation or BRS. However, the cardiac modulatory balance differs between sexes, with a greater influence of the autonomic vagal component in women and the sympathetic component in men.
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Lambert GW, Schlaich MP, Eikelis N, Lambert EA. Sympathetic activity in obesity: a brief review of methods and supportive data. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1454:56-67. [PMID: 31268175 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of obesity and the concomitant rise in obesity-related illness have led to substantial pressure on health care systems throughout the world. While the combination of reduced exercise, increased sedentary time, poor diet, and genetic predisposition is undoubtedly pivotal in generating obesity and increasing disease risk, a large body of work indicates that the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) contributes to obesity-related disease development and progression. In obesity, sympathetic nervous activity is regionalized, with activity in some outflows being particularly sensitive to the obese state, whereas other outflows, or responses to stimuli, may be blunted, thereby making the assessment of sympathetic nervous activation in the clinical setting difficult. Isotope dilution methods and direct nerve recording techniques have been developed and utilized in clinical research, demonstrating that in obesity there is preferential activation of the muscle vasoconstrictor and renal sympathetic outflows. With weight loss, sympathetic activity is reduced. Importantly, sympathetic nervous activity is associated with end-organ dysfunction and changes in sympathetic activation that accompany weight loss are often reflected in an improvement of end-organ function. Whether targeting the SNS directly improves obesity-related illness remains unknown, but merits further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin W Lambert
- The Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,The School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus P Schlaich
- Dobney Hypertension Centre, School of Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital Unit, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nina Eikelis
- The Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,The School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A Lambert
- The Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.,The School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Gorlova S, Ichiba T, Nishimaru H, Takamura Y, Matsumoto J, Hori E, Nagashima Y, Tatsuse T, Ono T, Nishijo H. Non-restorative Sleep Caused by Autonomic and Electroencephalography Parameter Dysfunction Leads to Subjective Fatigue at Wake Time in Shift Workers. Front Neurol 2019; 10:66. [PMID: 30804882 PMCID: PMC6370690 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological state that plays important role in the recovery of fatigue. However, the relationship between the physiological status of sleep and subjective fatigue remains unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that the non-recovery of fatigue at wake time due to non-restorative sleep might be ascribed to changes in specific parameters of electroencephalography (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) in poor sleepers. Twenty healthy female shift-working nurses participated in the study. Subjective fatigue was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at bedtime and wake time. During sleep on the night between 2 consecutive day shifts, the EEG powers at the frontal pole, HRV based on electrocardiograms, and distal-proximal gradient of skin temperature were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated that the subjects with high fatigue on the VAS at wake time exhibited (1) a decrease in deep non-rapid eye movement (NREM) (stageN3) sleep duration in the first sleep cycle; (2) a decrease in REM latency; (3) a decrease in ultra-slow and delta EEG powers, particularly from 30 to 65 min after sleep onset; (4) a decrease in the total power of HRV, particularly from 0 to 30 min after sleep onset; (5) an increase in the very low frequency component of HRV; and (6) a smaller increase in the distal-proximal gradient of skin temperature, than those of the subjects with low fatigue levels. The correlational and structural equation modeling analyses of these parameters suggested that an initial decrease in the total power of HRV from 0 to 30 min after sleep onset might inhibit the recovery from fatigue during sleep (i.e., increase the VAS score at wake time) via its effects on the ultra-slow and delta powers from 30 to 65 min after sleep onset, stageN3 duration in the first sleep cycle, REM latency, and distal-proximal gradient of skin temperature. These findings suggest an important role of these physiological factors in recovery from fatigue during sleep, and that interventions to modify these physiological factors might ameliorate fatigue at wake time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Gorlova
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Nishimaru
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hori
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Tatsuse
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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10
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Arjunwadekar P, Siddanagoudra SP. Cardioautonomic responses to acute ingestion of ice water and its correlation to body mass index. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 30:259-264. [PMID: 30500780 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background A significant relationship has been documented in the literature between the autonomic nervous system imbalance and cardiovascular mortality. In patients with autonomic failure, water ingestion has been shown to increase blood pressure (BP), induce bradycardia, and cause low heart rate variability (HRV). A few studies showed the altered HRV as an acute effect of ice water intake in healthy subjects. None of the studies have shown light on the relationship of BP and HRV to ice water intake in obese and overweight subjects. The present study is aimed to correlate BP and HRV with body mass index (BMI) after ice water ingestion. Methods This cross-sectional study included a total of 60 subjects of both sexes aged between 18 and 24 years old. Subjects were assigned into three groups based on their BMI: normal, overweight, and obese. Before and after ice water ingestion, BP and HRV parameters were recorded and compared between the groups. Statistically data were analyzed by Student's paired t-test and one-way analysis of variance. Results Basal HF was significant (p<0.05) in all three groups after ice water ingestion [F(2, 27), 44.1; p-value, 0.02]. After ice water ingestion, all HRV values were significant (p<0.001) in the three groups. The post-hoc Tukey HSD test demonstrated the less mean score for mean RR interval, standard deviation of all NN interval, standard deviation of differences between adjacent, HF and high for HR, LF, and LHR in overweight and obese subjects. Conclusions Because of the effective buffering system, healthy subjects showed increased HR and unchanged BP. Overweight and obese subjects showed decreased HR and increased BP.
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11
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Suda A, Hattori S, Kishida I, Miyauchi M, Shiraishi Y, Fujibayashi M, Tsujita N, Ishii C, Ishii N, Moritani T, Hirayasu Y. Effects of long-acting injectable antipsychotics versus oral antipsychotics on autonomic nervous system activity in schizophrenic patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:2361-2366. [PMID: 30271152 PMCID: PMC6149934 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s173617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-acting injections (LAIs) of antipsychotics show distinct pharmacokinetic profiles from oral antipsychotics (OAPs). Although there may be differences in adverse event frequency, any differences in their effects on autonomic nervous system (ANS) remain unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS In total, 270 schizophrenic patients were recruited in this study: 241 received OAPs (risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or aripiprazole) and 29 received LAIs (risperidone LAI, aripiprazole LAI, or paliperidone palmitate) as monotherapy. Heart rate variability was measured as an index of ANS activity, and the low-frequency (0.03-0.15 Hz) component, high-frequency (0.15-0.40 Hz) component, and total power (0.03-0.40 Hz) were calculated. Components were compared between the groups using t-tests. RESULTS A significant difference was detected in the low-frequency component between the OAP and LAI groups (P=0.046). No significant difference was found in total power or the high-frequency component between the two groups. CONCLUSION Compared with OAPs, LAIs have fewer adverse effects on ANS activity, particularly the low-frequency component, as determined using a spectral analysis of heart rate variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Suda
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama,
| | - Saki Hattori
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama,
| | - Ikuko Kishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama,
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa
| | - Masatoshi Miyauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama,
| | - Yohko Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama,
| | - Mami Fujibayashi
- Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, Osaka
| | - Natsuki Tsujita
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University
| | - Chie Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa
| | - Norio Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry, Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa
| | - Toshio Moritani
- Department of Health and Sports Sociology, Faculty of General Education, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto
| | - Yoshio Hirayasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama,
- Department of Psychiatry, Hirayasu Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
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12
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Hattori S, Suda A, Kishida I, Miyauchi M, Shiraishi Y, Fujibayashi M, Tsujita N, Ishii C, Ishii N, Moritani T, Taguri M, Hirayasu Y. Effects of ABCB1 gene polymorphisms on autonomic nervous system activity during atypical antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:231. [PMID: 30016952 PMCID: PMC6050702 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1817-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are interindividual differences in the adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics, which include autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. Accordingly, to clarify the interindividual differences in the adverse effects of specific atypical antipsychotics in schizophrenia, we investigated the association between ANS dysfunction and ATP-binding cassette transport sub-family B member 1 (ABCB1) gene polymorphisms in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS In total, 233 Japanese patients with schizophrenia participated in this study. All of the participants received an atypical antipsychotic as monotherapy: 89 participants received risperidone, 69 olanzapine, 48 aripiprazole, and 27 quetiapine. ANS activity was assessed by means of a power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCB1 (rs1045642, rs1128503, rs2032582, and rs2235048) were genotyped using the TaqMan method. RESULTS For aripiprazole, sympathetic and total autonomic nervous activities were significantly lower in the rs1045642 T allele carrier-rs2235048 C allele carrier group than in the rs1045642 non-T allele carrier-rs2235048 non-C allele carrier group. In addition, in the aripiprazole group, the T-C-T-A haplotype (rs1045642-rs2235048-rs1128503-rs2032582) was associated with decreased ANS activity. However, there were no significant associations between ANS activity and ABCB1 gene polymorphisms in the risperidone, olanzapine, and quetiapine groups. Multiple regression analysis revealed that sympathetic and total nervous activities were significantly associated with the ABCB1 rs1045642-rs2235048 genotype and the T-C-T-A haplotype (rs1045642-rs2235048-rs1128503-rs2032582). CONCLUSION We suggest that ABCB1 genetic polymorphisms affect aripiprazole-related ANS dysfunction but do not affect risperidone-, olanzapine-, or quetiapine-related ANS dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Hattori
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Akira Suda
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Ikuko Kishida
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan ,Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotuka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530 Japan
| | - Masatoshi Miyauchi
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yohko Shiraishi
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Mami Fujibayashi
- 0000 0001 0454 7765grid.412493.9Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508 Japan
| | - Natsuki Tsujita
- 0000 0004 0372 2033grid.258799.8Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8316 Japan
| | - Chie Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotuka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530 Japan
| | - Norio Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotuka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530 Japan
| | - Toshio Moritani
- 0000 0001 0674 6688grid.258798.9Faculty of General Education, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto, 606-8555 Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirayasu
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan ,Hirayasu Hospital, 346 Kyozuka, Urasoe, Okinawa 901-2553 Japan
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13
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Stress Response and Cognitive Performance Modulation in Classroom versus Natural Environments: A Quasi-Experimental Pilot Study with Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061098. [PMID: 29843433 PMCID: PMC6025376 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stress during childhood can have mental and somatic health influences that track throughout life. Previous research attributes stress-reducing effects to natural environments, but has mainly focused on adults and often following leisurely relaxation in natural environments. This pilot study explores the impact of natural environments on stress response during rest and mental load and cognitive performance in 47 children aged 10–12 years in a school context. Heart rate variability measures indexing tonic, event, and phasic vagal tone and attention scores were compared across classroom and natural environments. Tonic vagal tone was higher in the natural environment than the classrooms, but no differences were found in event or phasic vagal tone or cognitive performance measures. These findings suggest a situational aspect of the conditions under which natural environments may give rise to stress-buffering influences. Further research is warranted to understand the potential benefits in a real-life context, in particular with respect to the underpinning mechanisms and effects of accumulated exposure over time in settings where children spend large proportions of time in natural environments.
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14
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Acosta FM, Martinez-Tellez B, Sanchez-Delgado G, A. Alcantara JM, Acosta-Manzano P, Morales-Artacho AJ, R. Ruiz J. Physiological responses to acute cold exposure in young lean men. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196543. [PMID: 29734360 PMCID: PMC5937792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to comprehensively describe the physiological responses to an acute bout of mild cold in young lean men (n = 11, age: 23 ± 2 years, body mass index: 23.1 ± 1.2 kg/m2) to better understand the underlying mechanisms of non-shivering thermogenesis and how it is regulated. Resting energy expenditure, substrate metabolism, skin temperature, thermal comfort perception, superficial muscle activity, hemodynamics of the forearm and abdominal regions, and heart rate variability were measured under warm conditions (22.7 ± 0.2°C) and during an individualized cooling protocol (air-conditioning and water cooling vest) in a cold room (19.4 ± 0.1°C). The temperature of the cooling vest started at 16.6°C and decreased ~ 1.4°C every 10 minutes until participants shivered (93.5 ± 26.3 min). All measurements were analysed across 4 periods: warm period, at 31% and at 64% of individual´s cold exposure time until shivering occurred, and at the shivering threshold. Energy expenditure increased from warm period to 31% of cold exposure by 16.7% (P = 0.078) and to the shivering threshold by 31.7% (P = 0.023). Fat oxidation increased by 72.6% from warm period to 31% of cold exposure (P = 0.004), whereas no changes occurred in carbohydrates oxidation. As shivering came closer, the skin temperature and thermal comfort perception decreased (all P<0.05), except in the supraclavicular skin temperature, which did not change (P>0.05). Furthermore, the superficial muscle activation increased at the shivering threshold. It is noteworthy that the largest physiological changes occurred during the first 30 minutes of cold exposure, when the participants felt less discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco M. Acosta
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Borja Martinez-Tellez
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. A. Alcantara
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro Acosta-Manzano
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Morales-Artacho
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity” research group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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15
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Hattori S, Kishida I, Suda A, Miyauchi M, Shiraishi Y, Fujibayashi M, Tsujita N, Ishii C, Ishii N, Moritani T, Taguri M, Hirayasu Y. Effects of four atypical antipsychotics on autonomic nervous system activity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 193:134-138. [PMID: 28709776 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs are associated with autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia, but the effects of individual atypical antipsychotic drugs are not clear. This study investigated how four atypical antipsychotic drugs-risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and quetiapine-differ in their effects on ANS activity. A total of 241 Japanese patients with schizophrenia participated in this study. All of the participants received an atypical antipsychotic as monotherapy: 90 participants received risperidone, 68 olanzapine, 52 aripiprazole, and 31 quetiapine. ANS activity was assessed by means of a power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. The quetiapine group showed significantly diminished sympathetic and parasympathetic activity compared with the risperidone and aripiprazole groups and significantly lower sympathetic activity relative to olanzapine. In addition, multiple regression analysis showed that the type of antipsychotic drug significantly influenced ANS activity. We suggest that, among the antipsychotics examined-risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole and quetiapine-quetiapine has the strongest effect on ANS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Hattori
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Kishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotuka Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530, Japan.
| | - Akira Suda
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masatoshi Miyauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yohko Shiraishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Mami Fujibayashi
- Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan.
| | - Natsuki Tsujita
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshidanihonmatsucho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8316, Japan.
| | - Chie Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotuka Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530, Japan.
| | - Norio Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotuka Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530, Japan.
| | - Toshio Moritani
- Faculty of General Education, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamo-motoyama, Kita-ku, Kyoto 606-8555, Japan.
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshio Hirayasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
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16
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Nirengi S, Sakane N, Amagasa S, Wakui S, Homma T, Kurosawa Y, Hamaoka T. Seasonal differences in brown adipose tissue density and pulse rate variability in a thermoneutral environment. J Physiol Anthropol 2018; 37:6. [PMID: 29467034 PMCID: PMC5822524 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-018-0166-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is sympathetically activated and induces thermogenesis during cold exposure, thereby influencing energy expenditure and body fat levels. The very low frequency (VLF) components of pulse rate variability could be a form of thermogenic sympathetic nervous activity, but no clear relationship has yet been reported between VLF activity and BAT density. We therefore aimed to evaluate the association between them. Methods We enrolled 20 adults in winter and 20 matched adults in summer. We assessed BAT densities based on total hemoglobin concentrations ([total-Hb]) measured with near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy. We calculated VLF activity from pulse rate variability measurements. Results BAT density ([total-Hb]; winter 70.5 ± 17.0 μM, summer 57.8 ± 18.3 μM) and VLF activity (winter 6.7 ± 0.8, summer 6.1 ± 0.9) were significantly higher in winter than in summer (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant correlation between VLF activity and BAT density in either season. Conclusion Each parameter exhibited seasonal variation, but we failed to observe any significant correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Nirengi
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Kyoto, 612-8555, Japan
| | - Shiho Amagasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Sawako Wakui
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hiragagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Homma
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Daito Bunka University, 560 Iwadono, Higashimatsuyama-shi, Saitama, 355-8501, Japan
| | - Yuko Kurosawa
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Takafumi Hamaoka
- Department of Sports Medicine for Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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17
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Assessment of Heart Rate Variability during an Endurance Mountain Trail Race by Multi-Scale Entropy Analysis. ENTROPY 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/e19120658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Monda V, Salerno M, Fiorenzo M, Villano I, Viggiano A, Sessa F, Triggiani AI, Cibelli G, Valenzano A, Marsala G, Zammit C, Ruberto M, Messina G, Monda M, De Luca V, Messina A. Role of Sex Hormones in the Control of Vegetative and Metabolic Functions of Middle-Aged Women. Front Physiol 2017; 8:773. [PMID: 29046646 PMCID: PMC5632804 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: In women's life, menopause is characterized by significant physiological changes often associated with an increase in body mass and obesity-associated sicknesses. Numerous researches described interdependencies of estrogen deficiency, aging, and resting energy expenditure (REE) downfall in the obesity correlated with the menopause. The aim of this study was to determining whether healthy, obese menopausal women underwent HRT treatment, showed changes in their REE, autonomic asset, and assessment of oxidative stress in comparison with obese pre- and post-menopausal women. Methodology: In this study, we measured the body composition, the REE, the oxidative stress, the diet assimilation, and the autonomic nervous system activity in three groups: pre-menopause women (n = 50), post-menopause women following hormone-replacement therapy (HRT; n = 50), and post-menopause women not following HRT (n = 50). Results: In the group with HRT a significant increase of the sympathetic activity and REE was described. Finally this group showed a notable increment of oxidative stress compared with the others, and utilizing BIA instrument, the free fat mass was increased respect to the fat mass of obese women. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of the HRT-related physiological changes that influence body weight in menopause women. This results are important because have a practical implications for prevention and/or treatment of the obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Moscatelli Fiorenzo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Viggiano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesco Sessa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonio I Triggiani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gabriella Marsala
- Struttura Complessa di Farmacia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Foggia, Italy
| | - Christian Zammit
- Anatomy Department, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Maria Ruberto
- Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Luca
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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19
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Fukuda Y, Morita T. Effects of the light-dark cycle on diurnal rhythms of diet-induced thermogenesis in humans. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1465-1472. [PMID: 28960097 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1362422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the effect of light exposure during the daytime and nighttime on diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), which is one kind of energy expenditure, and the contribution of autonomic nervous activities (ANA) to the mechanism behind such effects. We found that the light-dark cycle significantly induced a diurnal rhythm of DIT, with afternoon levels tending to be higher than nighttime levels. By contrast, no such rhythms were observed under constant light or dark conditions. There were also no significant differences in ANA between the light conditions. These findings demonstrate that a diminished light-dark cycle leads to disruption of the diurnal rhythm of metabolism and so the retention of ordinary light-dark cycles may be recommended for health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Fukuda
- a Department of Environmental Science , Fukuoka Women's University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- a Department of Environmental Science , Fukuoka Women's University , Fukuoka , Japan
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20
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Guarino D, Nannipieri M, Iervasi G, Taddei S, Bruno RM. The Role of the Autonomic Nervous System in the Pathophysiology of Obesity. Front Physiol 2017; 8:665. [PMID: 28966594 PMCID: PMC5606212 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is reaching epidemic proportions globally and represents a major cause of comorbidities, mostly related to cardiovascular disease. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction has a two-way relationship with obesity. Indeed, alterations of the ANS might be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, acting on different pathways. On the other hand, the excess weight induces ANS dysfunction, which may be involved in the haemodynamic and metabolic alterations that increase the cardiovascular risk of obese individuals, i.e., hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. This article will review current evidence about the role of the ANS in short-term and long-term regulation of energy homeostasis. Furthermore, an increased sympathetic activity has been demonstrated in obese patients, particularly in the muscle vasculature and in the kidneys, possibily contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. Selective leptin resistance, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, hyperinsulinemia and low ghrelin levels are possible mechanisms underlying sympathetic activation in obesity. Weight loss is able to reverse metabolic and autonomic alterations associated with obesity. Given the crucial role of autonomic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of obesity and its cardiovascular complications, vagal nerve modulation and sympathetic inhibition may serve as therapeutic targets in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Guarino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy.,Institute of Clinical Physiology of CNRPisa, Italy.,Scuola Superiore Sant'AnnaPisa, Italy
| | - Monica Nannipieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Taddei
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Bruno
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of PisaPisa, Italy
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21
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Miyauchi M, Kishida I, Suda A, Shiraishi Y, Fujibayashi M, Taguri M, Ishii C, Ishii N, Moritani T, Hirayasu Y. Long term effects of smoking cessation in hospitalized schizophrenia patients. BMC Psychiatry 2017; 17:87. [PMID: 28270120 PMCID: PMC5341461 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of smoking in patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in the general population and is an important medical issue. Short-term smoking cessation tends to worsen psychiatric symptoms in patients with schizophrenia but decreases sympathetic nervous system activity and improves plasma cholesterol levels in healthy people. Few studies have assessed the long-term effects of smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS Subjects were 70 Japanese patients with schizophrenia (38 smokers, 32 non-smokers). We compared the following clinical parameters between the two groups at baseline (before smoking cessation) and in each group separately between baseline and at three years after smoking cessation: autonomic nervous system activity, plasma cholesterol levels, body weight, drug therapy, and Global Assessment of Functioning scores. We also compared the mean changes in clinical parameters throughout this study between the groups at both time points. Autonomic nervous system activity was assessed by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. RESULTS Parasympathetic nervous system activity and the doses of antiparkinsonian drugs in smokers were significantly higher than those in non-smokers at baseline. Smoking cessation was associated with significantly decreased sympathetic nervous system activity and decreased doses of antipsychotics and antiparkinsonian drugs at three years after smoking cessation. However, there was no significant difference in the mean change in clinical factors scores, except for Global Assessment of Functioning scores, between smokers and non-smokers at three years after smoking cessation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that smoking reduces both autonomic nervous system activity and the effectiveness of drug therapy with antipsychotics and antiparkinsonian drugs in patients with schizophrenia, but that both factors could be ameliorated over the long term by smoking cessation. Taken together with the findings of previous studies, smoking cessation in patients with schizophrenia has many long-term positive physiological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Miyauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan. .,Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotsuka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8530, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Kishida
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Akira Suda
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yohko Shiraishi
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan ,0000 0004 1767 0473grid.470126.6Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Mami Fujibayashi
- 0000 0001 0454 7765grid.412493.9The Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikedanakamachi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508 Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
| | - Chie Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotsuka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530 Japan
| | - Norio Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, 383 Kotsuka, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-8530 Japan
| | - Toshio Moritani
- 0000 0001 0674 6688grid.258798.9Faculty of General Education, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamo-motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8555 Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirayasu
- 0000 0001 1033 6139grid.268441.dDepartment of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004 Japan
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22
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Miyauchi M, Kishida I, Suda A, Shiraishi Y, Hattori S, Fujibayashi M, Taguri M, Ishii C, Ishii N, Moritani T, Hirayasu Y. Association of the Cholinergic Muscarinic M2 Receptor with Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Patients with Schizophrenia on High-Dose Antipsychotics. Neuropsychobiology 2017; 74:60-67. [PMID: 27923235 DOI: 10.1159/000452770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia have abnormal autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity compared with the general population. One reason for this difference is the muscarinic affinity for antipsychotic drugs; therefore, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the muscarinic receptor gene influence this ANS dysfunction. This study sought to determine the effect of SNPs of the cholinergic muscarinic receptor (CHRM) gene on ANS activity in patients with schizophrenia receiving antipsychotic drugs. METHODS A total of 173 Japanese patients with schizophrenia were included in this study. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured as an index of ANS activity. SNPs in CHRM1 (rs542269 and rs2075748), CHRM2 (rs324640, rs8191992, rs1824024, and rs7810473), and CHRM3 (rs3738435, rs4620530, and rs6429157) were genotyped using the TaqMan® method. Patients were grouped according to standard equivalent conversions of chlorpromazine (CP) into a high-CP group (HG; ≥1,000 mg) and a low-CP group (LG; <1,000 mg). ANS activity was compared between the groups. In addition, we compared the total, low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and LF/HF components of the patients' HRV, and the genotype of the SNPs in both the HG and LG groups. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons, and the Bonferroni-corrected critical p value was <0.005. RESULTS The A allele of the CHRM2 rs8191992 polymorphism in HG was associated with decreased ANS activity. CONCLUSION Our results show reduced ANS activity in association with the CHRM2 rs8191992 polymorphism in patients with schizophrenia on high-dose antipsychotics. CHRM2 polymorphisms may play an important role in ANS activity in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Miyauchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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23
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Xu X, Chen DD, Yin J, Chen JDZ. Altered postprandial responses in gastric myoelectrical activity and cardiac autonomic functions in healthy obese subjects. Obes Surg 2015; 24:554-60. [PMID: 24222533 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-013-1109-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown whether gastric myoelectrical activity (GMA) and autonomic functions are altered in obesity. The aims of this study were to investigate GMA and autonomic functions in obese subjects and to compare their responses to different meals with lean subjects. METHODS The study was performed in 12 lean and 12 obese subjects. GMA was measured using electrogastrography, and autonomic functions were assessed using spectral analysis of heart rate variability. RESULTS The study achieved the following key results: (1) Compared to lean subjects, obese subjects showed unaltered gastric slow waves at baseline but enhanced responses to both fatty and protein meals. The lean subjects showed a reduced percentage of normal gastric slow waves with a fatty meal, which was not seen in obese subjects; lean subjects showed no changes in the dominant frequency or power of the gastric slow waves with a protein meal, whereas both of these parameters were increased in obese subjects. (2) Autonomic functions were altered in obese subjects in both fasting and fed states. Obese subjects showed an increased sympathetic activity in the fasting state, but absence of a normal postprandial response in sympathovagal balance to both fatty and protein meals. CONCLUSIONS The findings on gastric slow waves demonstrate that obese subjects are more receptive to fatty meals and more responsive to protein meals. Obese subjects have impaired autonomic functions in both fasting and fed states. The alterations in gastric and autonomic functions may contribute to eating disorders in the obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xu
- Veterans Research and Education Foundation, VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Udo T, Weinberger AH, Grilo CM, Brownell KD, DiLeone RJ, Lampert R, Matlin SL, Yanagisawa K, McKee SA. Heightened vagal activity during high-calorie food presentation in obese compared with non-obese individuals--results of a pilot study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 8:e201-98. [PMID: 24847667 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eating behaviours are highly cue-dependent. Changes in mood states and exposure to palatable food both increase craving and consumption of food. Vagal activity supports adaptive modulation of physiological arousal and has an important role in cue-induced appetitive behaviours. Using high-frequency heart rate variability (HF HRV), this preliminary study compared vagal activity during positive and negative mood induction, and presentation of preferred high-calorie food items between obese (n = 12; BMI ≥ 30) and non-obese individuals (n = 14; 18.5 < BMI < 30). Participants completed two laboratory sessions (negative vs. positive mood conditions). Following 3-h of food deprivation, all participants completed a mood induction, and then were exposed to their preferred high-calorie food items. HF HRV was assessed throughout. Obese and non-obese individuals were not significantly different in HF HRV during positive or negative mood induction. Obese individuals showed significantly greater levels of HF HRV during presentation of their preferred high-calorie food items than non-obese individuals, particularly in the positive mood condition. This is the first study to demonstrate increased vagal activity in response to food cues in obese individuals compared with non-obese individuals. Our findings warrant further investigation on the potential role of vagally-mediated cue reactivity in overeating and obesity.
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Okada M, Kakehashi M. The influence of body mass index and outdoor temperature on the autonomic response to eating in healthy young Japanese women. SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 3:142. [PMID: 25674443 PMCID: PMC4320179 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influences of body weight and air temperature on the autonomic response to food intake have not been clarified. We measured heart rate variability before and after lunch, as well as the effects of outdoor temperature and increased body mass index (BMI), in healthy young Japanese women. METHODS We studied 55 healthy young female university students. Heart rate variability was measured before lunch, immediately after lunch, 30 min after lunch, and 1 h after lunch to determine any correlations between heart rate variability, outdoor temperature, and BMI. In addition, multiple regression analysis was performed to elucidate the relationship between heart rate variability and outdoor temperature before and after lunch. A simple slope test was conducted to show the relationship between the low-to-high frequency ratio (1 h after lunch) and outdoor temperature. RESULTS Subjects were divided into a low BMI group (range: 16.6-20.3) and a high BMI group (range: 20.4-32.9). The very low frequency component of heart rate variability, an index of thermoregulatory vasomotor control exerted by the sympathetic nervous system, was significantly diminished after lunch in the high BMI group (P < 0.01). A significant decrease in the low-to-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, which represents the balance between the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, was evident in the low BMI group after lunch, indicating parasympathetic system dominance (P = 0.001). In addition, a significant association was found between the LF/HF ratio and outdoor temperature after lunch with a lower BMI (P = 0.002), but this association disappeared with higher BMIs. CONCLUSION Autonomic responses to eating showed clear differences according to BMI, indicating that the sensitivity of the autonomic nervous system may change with increases in BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Department of Food and Dietetics, Hiroshima Bunka Gakuen Two-Year College, 3-5-1 Nagatsukanishi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0136 Japan
| | - Masayuki Kakehashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553 Japan
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Okada M, Kakehashi M. Effects of outdoor temperature on changes in physiological variables before and after lunch in healthy women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2014; 58:1973-81. [PMID: 24599494 PMCID: PMC4190455 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-014-0800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies of autonomic nervous system responses before and after eating when controlling patient conditions and room temperature have provided inconsistent results. We hypothesized that several physiological parameters reflecting autonomic activity are affected by outdoor temperature before and after a meal. We measured the following physiological variables before and after a fixed meal in 53 healthy Japanese women: skin temperature, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, salivary amylase, blood glucose, heart rate, and heart rate variability. We assessed satiety before and after lunch using a visual analog scale (100 mm). We recorded outdoor temperature, atmospheric pressure, and relative humidity. Skin temperature rose significantly 1 h after eating (greater in cold weather) (P = 0.008). Cold weather markedly influenced changes in diastolic blood pressure before (P = 0.017) and after lunch (P = 0.013). Fasting salivary amylase activity increased significantly in cold weather but fell significantly after lunch (significantly greater in cold weather) (P = 0.007). Salivary amylase was significantly associated with cold weather, low atmospheric pressure, and low relative humidity 30 min after lunch (P < 0.05). Cold weather significantly influenced heart rate variability (P = 0.001). The decreased low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF) ratio, increased Δ LF/HF ratio, and increased Δ salivary amylase activity imply that cold outdoor temperature is associated with dominant parasympathetic activity after lunch. Our results clarify the relationship between environmental factors, food intake, and autonomic system and physiological variables, which helps our understanding of homeostasis and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Okada
- Department of Food and Dietetics, Hiroshima Bunka Gakuen Two-Year College, 3-5-1 Nagatsukanishi, Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima, 731-0136 Japan
| | - Masayuki Kakehashi
- Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Miyasaka N, Akiyoshi M, Kubota T. Relationship between autonomic nervous system activity and bone mineral density in non-medicated perimenopausal women. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:588-92. [PMID: 24202063 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0534-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) has attracted attention as a regulator of bone remodeling and the effects of beta-blockers on the prevention of osteoporosis have been studied. However, results are as yet inconclusive and the physiological role of the ANS in bone metabolism has not been clarified. Thus, we investigated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and ANS activity in non-medicated perimenopausal women. ANS activity was evaluated by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, and overall ANS activity and the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous activities (SNS and PNS) were quantified. Pre- and postmenopausal subjects were divided into higher or lower overall ANS activity groups, and were also divided into SNS- and PNS-dominant groups. BMD (percentage of young adult mean) was significantly higher in the higher overall ANS group than in the lower group (112.2 ± 16.2 % vs 99.7 ± 14.8 %, p < 0.05) of premenopausal subjects, but not in postmenopausal subjects (91.5 ± 15.9 % vs 91.0 ± 14.9 %). BMD was significantly higher in the SNS-dominant group than in the PNS-dominant group (94.1 ± 16.3 % vs 88.4 ± 18.8 %, p < 0.05) of postmenopausal subjects, but not in the premenopausal subjects (103.5 ± 18.4 % vs. 107.2 ± 14.6 %). Our study revealed that ANS influences bone metabolism under physiological conditions. Thus, it appears to be worthwhile to introduce ANS activity evaluation into the management of bone health in perimenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Pediatric, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-5819, Japan,
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Lehrer PM, Gevirtz R. Heart rate variability biofeedback: how and why does it work? Front Psychol 2014; 5:756. [PMID: 25101026 PMCID: PMC4104929 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years there has been substantial support for heart rate variability biofeedback (HRVB) as a treatment for a variety of disorders and for performance enhancement (Gevirtz, 2013). Since conditions as widely varied as asthma and depression seem to respond to this form of cardiorespiratory feedback training, the issue of possible mechanisms becomes more salient. The most supported possible mechanism is the strengthening of homeostasis in the baroreceptor (Vaschillo et al., 2002; Lehrer et al., 2003). Recently, the effect on the vagal afferent pathway to the frontal cortical areas has been proposed. In this article, we review these and other possible mechanisms that might explain the positive effects of HRVB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Richard Gevirtz
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant University San Diego, CA, USA
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Anthropometric characteristics and sex influence magnitude of skin cooling following exposure to whole body cryotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:628724. [PMID: 25061612 PMCID: PMC4100349 DOI: 10.1155/2014/628724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study explored whether anthropometric measures influence magnitude of skin cooling following exposure to whole body cryotherapy (WBC). Height, weight, body fat percentage, and lean mass were measured in 18 male and 14 female participants. Body surface area, body surface area to mass ratio, body mass index, fat-free mass index, and fat mass index were calculated. Thermal images were captured before and after WBC (−60°C for 30 seconds, −110°C for 2 minutes). Skin temperature was measured at the chest, arm, thigh, and calf. Mean skin temperature before and after WBC and change in mean skin temperature (ΔTsk) were calculated. ΔTsk was significantly greater in females (12.07 ± 1.55°C) than males (10.12 ± 1.86°C; t(30) = −3.09, P = .004). A significant relationship was observed between body fat percentage and ΔTsk in the combined dataset (P = .002, r = .516) and between fat-free mass index and ΔTsk in males (P = .005, r = .622). No other significant associations were found. Skin response of individuals to WBC appears to depend upon anthropometric variables and sex, with individuals with a higher adiposity cooling more than thinner individuals. Effects of sex and anthompometrics should be considered when designing WBC research or treatment protocols.
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Regulators of human white adipose browning: evidence for sympathetic control and sexual dimorphic responses to sprint interval training. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90696. [PMID: 24603718 PMCID: PMC3946216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of white adipose to the highly thermogenic beige adipose tissue has been proposed as a potential strategy to counter the unfavorable consequences of obesity. Three regulators of this conversion have recently emerged but information regarding their control is limited, and contradictory. We present two studies examining the control of these regulators. Study 1: In 10 young men, the plasma concentrations of irisin and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) were determined prior to and during activation of the sympathetic nervous system via hypoxic gas breathing (FIO2 = 0.11). The measurements were performed twice, once with and once without prior/concurrent sympathetic inhibition via transdermal clonidine administration. FGF21 was unaffected by basal sympathetic inhibition (338±113 vs. 295±80 pg/mL; P = 0.43; mean±SE), but was increased during hypoxia mediated sympathetic activation (368±135); this response was abrogated (P = 0.035) with clonidine (269±93). Irisin was unaffected by sympathetic inhibition and/or hypoxia (P>0.21). Study 2: The plasma concentration of irisin and FGF21, and the skeletal muscle protein content of fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5) was determined in 19 young adults prior to and following three weeks of sprint interval training (SIT). SIT decreased FGF21 (338±78 vs. 251±36; P = 0.046) but did not affect FNDC5 (P = 0.79). Irisin was decreased in males (127±18 vs. 90±23 ng/mL; P = 0.045) and increased in females (139±14 vs. 170±18). Collectively, these data suggest a potential regulatory role of acute sympathetic activation pertaining to the browning of white adipose; further, there appears to be a sexual dimorphic response of irisin to SIT.
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Shin KO, Moritani T, Woo J, Jang KS, Bae JY, Yoo J, Kang S. Exercise training improves cardiac autonomic nervous system activity in type 1 diabetic children. J Phys Ther Sci 2014; 26:111-5. [PMID: 24567687 PMCID: PMC3927020 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.26.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] We investigated the effect exercise training has on cardiac autonomic nervous
system (ANS) and cardiovascular risk profiles in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
(DM). [Subjects] Fifteen type 1 DM children (all boys; 13.0±1.0 years of age) were
enrolled in the study. [Methods] The subjects received exercise training three times a
week in a 12-week program. Each child was asked to walk on a treadmill to achieve an
exercise intensity of VO2max 60%. ANS activity was measured by power spectral
analysis of the electrocardiogram (ECG). Blood samples were obtained for serum lipid
profiles. To evaluate Doppler-shifted Fourier pulsatility index (PI) analysis, a 5-MHz
continuous wave Doppler (VASCULAB D10) set was used to measure forward blood flow velocity
(FLOW) in the radial artery. [Results] Total and low-frequency (LF) power of heart rate
variability increased significantly after exercise intervention. Total cholesterol (TC)
levels were significant lower after exercise intervention. Total and high-frequency (HF)
power were significantly correlated with higher TC levels, but diastolic blood pressure
and HF was significantly correlated with lower TC levels. [Conclusion] Regular exercise
intervention should be prescribed for children with type 1 DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Ok Shin
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Toshio Moritani
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Jinhee Woo
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soeng Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yong Bae
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Center, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwun Kang
- Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education, Dong-A University, Republic of Korea
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Evaluation of autonomic nervous system by salivary alpha-amylase level and heart rate variability in patients with schizophrenia. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2014; 264:83-7. [PMID: 23645102 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-013-0411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several researches indicate that autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Recently, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) has been employed as a useful marker for ANS function. We investigated the extent of ANS dysfunction by measuring sAA and heart rate variability (HRV) of 25 patients with schizophrenia compared with controls. Schizophrenia group demonstrated a significant increase in sAA and markedly lower parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in the HRV. However, there were no significant differences between two groups in sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity. We concluded that PNS might be suppressed and the SNS shows relatively high activity in schizophrenia.
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33
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Nagai N, Sakane N, Fujishita A, Fujiwara R, Kimura T, Kotani K, Moritani T. The -3826 A → G variant of the uncoupling protein-1 gene diminishes thermogenesis during acute cold exposure in healthy children. Obes Res Clin Pract 2013; 1:I-II. [PMID: 24351450 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2007.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Revised: 09/30/2006] [Accepted: 02/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY Uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) activity in brown adipose tissue increases energy expenditure, and contributes to diet-induced or cold-induced thermogenesis. We previously reported that children with -3826 A → G nucleotide variant of the UCP1 gene had lowered postprandial thermogenesis in response to a high-fat meal. In this study, we investigated whether the UCP1 polymorphism was associated with cold-induced thermogenesis in healthy children. Resting energy expenditure was measured in 19 children (6-10 years) by indirect calorimetry for 30 min under thermoneutral (25 °C) or cold conditions (10 °C) in an environmental chamber. The activity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) was assessed by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Samples of saliva were collected for cortisol determination at the end of the experimental session. Each experiment was performed on 2 consecutive days. Children were genotyped for the UCP1 polymorphism with a PCR-restriction fragment length analysis using buccal samples. During cold exposure, total power of the HRV, an index of the overall ANS activity, as well as the salivary cortisol concentration significantly increased in the children with homozygous (GG) for the UCP1 polymorphism while only cortisol response was found in the carriers of the wild-type (AA) and heterozygous (AG) alleles; however, the GG allele group showed a lower cold-induced thermogenesis compared to the AA + AG group. In conclusion, despite cold-induced autonomic stimulation, the GG allele carriers have a reduced capacity for thermogenesis in response to acute cold exposure, suggesting that such reduced UCP1-linked thermogenesis may have adverse effects on the regulation of body weight.:
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumi Nagai
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Aiko Fujishita
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rie Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kimura
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kotani
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshio Moritani
- Laboratory of Applied Physiology, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Monda M, Messina G, Vicidomini C, Viggiano A, Mangoni C, De Luca B. Activity of autonomic nervous system is related to body weight in pre-menopausal, but not in post-menopausal women. Nutr Neurosci 2013; 9:141-5. [PMID: 17176636 DOI: 10.1080/10284150600903552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed vegetative modulation, expressed as heart rate variability (HRV) power spectral analysis, in lean and obese women at pre-menopausal or post-menopausal age to reveal possible differences in menopause-related autonomic activity in lean and obese subjects. Sedentary women (n = 40) were divided in four groups: pre-menopausal lean and obese women, post-menopausal lean and obese subjects. The HRV-power spectrum was evaluated on a 5-min long ECG recording. The absolute values of the spectrum were summed in the following frequencies: a low-frequency (0.04-0.15 Hz; LF) and high-frequency (0.15-0.40; HF) range. LF and HF were values used to estimate the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. LF and HF values of pre-menopausal obese women are lower than values of lean women. The menopause induced a same decrease in LF and HF values in lean and obese subjects, so that no difference was found in post-menopausal groups. This experiment indicates that modifications of autonomic modulation can be included among factors related to obesity in pre-menopausal, but not post-menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, Clinical Dietetic Service, Second University of Naples, Italy.
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Iwamoto Y, Kawanishi C, Kishida I, Furuno T, Fujibayashi M, Ishii C, Ishii N, Moritani T, Taguri M, Hirayasu Y. Dose-dependent effect of antipsychotic drugs on autonomic nervous system activity in schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2012; 12:199. [PMID: 23151241 PMCID: PMC3534356 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-12-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antipsychotic drugs are considered a trigger factor for autonomic dysregulation, which has been shown to predict potentially fatal arrhythmias in schizophrenia. However, the dose-dependent effect of antipsychotic drugs and other psychotropic drugs on autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dose-dependent effect of antipsychotic drugs and other clinical factors on ANS activity in an adequate sample size of patients with schizophrenia. METHODS A total of 211 Japanese patients with schizophrenia and 44 healthy subjects participated in this study. ANS activity was assessed by means of heart rate variability (HRV) power spectral analysis. Antipsychotic drug treatment and various clinical factors were investigated for each participant. The patient group was categorized into three subgroups according to daily dose of antipsychotic drug, and HRV was compared between groups. RESULTS The results showed significantly decreased low-frequency and high-frequency components of HRV in the patient group compared to the control group. The high-dose group showed a significantly lower HRV than the medium-dose group and an even lower HRV than the low-dose group. In addition, a significant association between HRV and antipsychotic drug dose was identified by multiple regression analysis. HRV was not associated with age, sex, body mass index, duration of illness, or daily dose of other psychotropic drugs. CONCLUSION These results suggest that antipsychotic drugs exert a significant dose-dependent effect on the extent of decline in ANS activity, and that optimal antipsychotic medication is required to avoid possible cardiovascular adverse events in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohko Iwamoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan,Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kawanishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kishida
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan,Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Taku Furuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mami Fujibayashi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan,The Division of Physical and Health Education, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chie Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Norio Ishii
- Fujisawa Hospital, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Toshio Moritani
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirayasu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, 3-9, Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
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Pournot H, Bieuzen F, Louis J, Fillard JR, Barbiche E, Hausswirth C. Time-course of changes in inflammatory response after whole-body cryotherapy multi exposures following severe exercise. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22748. [PMID: 21829501 PMCID: PMC3145670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of the present investigation was to analyze the effect of two different recovery modalities on classical markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) and inflammation obtained after a simulated trail running race. Endurance trained males (n = 11) completed two experimental trials separated by 1 month in a randomized crossover design; one trial involved passive recovery (PAS), the other a specific whole body cryotherapy (WBC) for 96 h post-exercise (repeated each day). For each trial, subjects performed a 48 min running treadmill exercise followed by PAS or WBC. The Interleukin (IL) -1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), protein C-reactive (CRP) and white blood cells count were measured at rest, immediately post-exercise, and at 24, 48, 72, 96 h in post-exercise recovery. A significant time effect was observed to characterize an inflammatory state (Pre vs. Post) following the exercise bout in all conditions (p<0.05). Indeed, IL-1β (Post 1 h) and CRP (Post 24 h) levels decreased and IL-1ra (Post 1 h) increased following WBC when compared to PAS. In WBC condition (p<0.05), TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-6 remain unchanged compared to PAS condition. Overall, the results indicated that the WBC was effective in reducing the inflammatory process. These results may be explained by vasoconstriction at muscular level, and both the decrease in cytokines activity pro-inflammatory, and increase in cytokines anti-inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Pournot
- Research Department, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP), Paris, France
- Laboratory of Physiological Adaptations, Motor Performance and Health (EA 3837), Faculty of Sport Sciences of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - François Bieuzen
- Research Department, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP), Paris, France
| | - Julien Louis
- Laboratory of Physiological Adaptations, Motor Performance and Health (EA 3837), Faculty of Sport Sciences of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jean-Robert Fillard
- Medical Department, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP), Paris, France
| | | | - Christophe Hausswirth
- Research Department, National Institute of Sport, Expertise and Performance (INSEP), Paris, France
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Metabolic energy correlates of heart rate variability spectral power associated with a 900-calorie challenge. J Nutr Metab 2011; 2011:715361. [PMID: 21773025 PMCID: PMC3136225 DOI: 10.1155/2011/715361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied healthy males challenged with a 900 Cal test beverage and correlated EE with the raw (ms2) and normalized units (nu) of total power (TP), low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) and VLF spectral power of heart rate variability (HRV). The correlations were evaluated during 20 min of normal breathing (NB, control) and 20 min of paced breathing (PB) at 12 breaths·min−1 (0.2 Hz). EE was not significantly correlated with any of the HRV variables before the metabolic challenge. After the challenge, EE was positively correlated with LF/HF and with VLF; VLF was also positively correlated with LF/HF during both NB and PB. These findings suggest that EE may be a correlate of LF/HF and of VLF spectral power of HRV in healthy adolescent/young adult males. The association of lower resting energy expenditure with lower amounts of VLF spectral power may occur in individuals with predilections for obese phenotypes.
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van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Schrauwen P. Implications of nonshivering thermogenesis for energy balance regulation in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R285-96. [PMID: 21490370 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00652.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of the metabolic syndrome has reached epidemic levels in the Western world. With respect to the energy balance, most attention has been given to reducing energy (food) intake. Increasing energy expenditure is an important alternative strategy. Facultative thermogenesis, which is the increase in energy expenditure in response to cold or diet, may be an effective way to affect the energy balance. The recent identification of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans promoted a renewed interest in nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent insight in NST, general aspects of its regulation, the major tissues involved, and its metabolic consequences. Sustainable NST in adult humans amounts to 15% of the average daily energy expenditure. Calculations based on the limited available literature show that BAT thermogenesis can amount to 5% of the basal metabolic rate. It is likely that at least a substantial part of NST can be attributed to BAT, but it is possible that other tissues contribute to NST. Several studies on mitochondrial uncoupling indicate that skeletal muscle is another potential contributor to facultative thermogenesis in humans. The general and synergistic role of the sympathetic nervous system and the thyroid axis in relation to NST is discussed. Finally, perspectives on BAT and skeletal muscle NST are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter D van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Uncoupling protein 1 gene −3826 A/G polymorphism is associated with weight loss on a short-term, controlled-energy diet in young women. Nutr Res 2011; 31:255-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kameda N, Okigawa T, Kimura T, Fujibayashi M, Asada T, Kinoshita R, Baba S, Morita M, Morishita K, Moritani T. The Effect of L-citrulline Ingestion on ECG QT Interval and Autonomic Nervous System Activity. J Physiol Anthropol 2011; 30:41-5. [DOI: 10.2114/jpa2.30.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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van Marken Lichtenbelt W. Human brown fat and obesity: methodological aspects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:52. [PMID: 22654813 PMCID: PMC3356108 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Much is known about brown adipose tissue (BAT) in rodents. Its function is to generate heat in response to low environmental temperatures and to diet or overfeeding. The knowledge about BAT in humans is still rather limited despite the recent rediscovery of its functionality in adults. This review highlights the information available on the contribution of BAT in increasing human energy expenditure in relation to obesity. Besides that methodological aspects will be discussed that need special attention in order to unravel the heat producing capacity of human BAT, the recruitment of the tissue, and its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt
- Department of Human Biology, School for Nutrition and Toxicology and Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastricht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Wouter van Marken Lichtenbelt, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, P.O. box 616, 6200MD Maastricht, Netherlands. e-mail:
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UCP1 genetic polymorphism (-3826 A/G) diminishes resting energy expenditure and thermoregulatory sympathetic nervous system activity in young females. Int J Obes (Lond) 2010; 35:1050-5. [PMID: 21189472 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2010.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent findings regarding the existence of functional brown adipose tissue (BAT) in adult humans suggest a physiological role of BAT and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-linked thermogenesis in energy balance. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether UCP1 polymorphism was associated with resting energy expenditure (REE) and thermoregulatory sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in humans. METHODS A total of 82 healthy females (20-22 years) were genotyped for the -3826 A/G polymorphism of the UCP1 gene using a fluorescent allele-specific DNA primer assay system. REE was measured by indirect calorimetry. The thermoregulatory SNS activity was assessed by heart rate variability power spectral analysis according to our previously reported method. Each subject was studied in the morning, after an overnight fast. Nutritional values were calculated on the basis of 2-day food records. RESULTS The frequencies of A/A, A/G and G/G genotypes were 0.27, 0.45 and 0.28, respectively. No significant difference was found in anthropometric indexes among the three groups. However, in the G/G group, the percentage of energy consumed as fat was lower (A/A: 30.7 ± 1.1%, A/G: 31.3 ± 1.0%, G/G: 26.0 ± 1.2%, P<0.01), and energy intake tended to be lower (A/A: 7209 ± 310 kJ d(-1), A/G: 7075 ± 280 kJ d(-1), G/G: 6414 ± 264 kJ d(-1), P=0.16). With regard to metabolic parameters, group differences were observed in REE (A/A: 5599 ± 170 kJ d(-1), A/G: 5054 ± 115 kJ d(-1), G/G: 4919 ± 182 kJ d(-1), P<0.01) and in thermoregulatory SNS activity (A/A: 313 ± 47 ms(2), A/G: 333 ± 42 ms(2), G/G: 185 ± 23 ms(2), P<0.05). CONCLUSION Diminished REE in G-allele carriers as well as reduced thermoregulatory SNS activity for the G/G genotype, suggest that attenuated UCP1-linked thermogenesis has an adverse effect on the regulation of energy balance.
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Huda MSB, Mani H, Dovey T, Halford JCG, Boyland E, Daousi C, Wilding JPH, Pinkney J. Ghrelin inhibits autonomic function in healthy controls, but has no effect on obese and vagotomized subjects. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2010; 73:678-85. [PMID: 20738316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2010.03865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ghrelin inhibits sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in rodents. We studied the effect of ghrelin on healthy humans, in obesity and in vagotomized subjects. DESIGN Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover. SUBJECTS Seven lean [mean body mass index (BMI) 23·6 ± 0·9 kg/m(2) ], seven morbidly obese (mean BMI 50·9 ± 4·4 kg/m(2) ) and seven post-gastrectomy subjects (mean BMI 22·0 ± 1·1 kg/m(2) ). MEASUREMENTS Subjects were randomized to intravenous ghrelin (5 pmol/kg/min) or saline over 270 min. Subjects had a fixed calorie meal and a free choice buffet during the infusion. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured. Total power (TP) represents overall autonomic function, low-frequency (LF) power represents sympathetic and parasympathetic activity, and high-frequency (HF) power represents parasympathetic activity. Very low (VLO) frequency represents the frequency band associated with thermogenesis. RESULTS Preliminary anova analysis, looking at all three subject groups together, showed that ghrelin had an overall highly significant inhibitory effect on TP (P = 0·001), HF power (P = 0·04), VLO power (P = 0·03) and no effect on LF (P = 0·07). Further subset analysis revealed that ghrelin had a significant effect on TP (P = 0·03), borderline effect on LF power (P = 0·06) and no effect on HF power (P = 0·1) in healthy controls. By contrast in obese subjects, ghrelin had no effect on TP (P = 0·3), LF (P = 0·5) and HF (P = 0·06) and also no effect in the vagotomized subjects on TP (P = 0·7), LF (P = 0·7) and HF (P = 0·9). Ghrelin had no effect on the LF/HF ratio. CONCLUSIONS Ghrelin inhibits SNS activity in healthy controls with a moderate effect on parasympathetic nervous system activity but had no effect on obese subjects. Vagotomized subjects also did not respond to ghrelin, suggesting the vagus nerve is important for the effects of peripheral ghrelin on the SNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S B Huda
- University of Liverpool Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Group, Clinical Sciences Centre School of Psychology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Straznicky NE, Lambert GW, Lambert EA. Neuroadrenergic dysfunction in obesity: an overview of the effects of weight loss. Curr Opin Lipidol 2010; 21:21-30. [PMID: 19809312 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e3283329c62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The prevalence of obesity is rising to epidemic proportions worldwide, and in tandem so is that of type 2 diabetes. Neuroadrenergic abnormalities, comprising increased resting sympathetic nervous system activity and blunted sympathetic neural responsiveness are recognized features of metabolic syndrome obesity, which contribute importantly to both the pathophysiology and adverse clinical prognosis of this high-risk population. Weight loss is recommended as first-line treatment for obesity. This review examines the effects of nonpharmacological weight loss on sympathetic nervous system function under basal and stimulated conditions. RECENT FINDINGS Human weight loss trials show that even moderate weight reduction is accompanied by significant attenuation in resting whole-body norepinephrine spillover rate and muscle sympathetic nerve activity, an improvement in cardiac autonomic modulation, and a reversal of blunted sympathetic responsiveness at both peripheral and central nervous system levels. Recent findings underscore the relevance of insulin resistance in mediating blunted sympathetic responsiveness to endogenous hyperinsulinemia induced by glucose ingestion. Impaired insulin transport across the blood-brain barrier may be one mechanism mediating these effects. Weight loss reverses blunted sympathetic responsiveness to glucose, which has implications for postprandial energy expenditure and body weight homeostasis. SUMMARY The autonomic dysfunction of obesity is reversible with weight loss, highlighting the importance of lifestyle intervention as a key therapeutic modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora E Straznicky
- Human Neurotransmitters Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Millis RM, Austin RE, Hatcher MD, Bond V, Faruque MU, Goring KL, Hickey BM, DeMeersman RE. Association of body fat percentage and heart rate variability measures of sympathovagal balance. Life Sci 2009; 86:153-7. [PMID: 19958777 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 11/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We tested the hypothesis that body fat percentage determines cardiac sympathovagal balance in healthy subjects. MAIN METHODS Heart rate variability (HRV) measurements were made of the standard deviation of the normal-normal RR intervals (SDNN) and the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio, from time domain and fast Fourier transform spectral analysis of electrocardiogram RR intervals during trials of uncontrolled and controlled (paced) breathing at 0.2Hz. Body fat percentage was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometric (DEXA) scanning. Significance of differences between uncontrolled and controlled (paced) breathing was determined by analysis of variance and correlations between body fat percentage and HRV measurements by Pearson's coefficient at P<0.05. KEY FINDINGS Percent body fat was negatively correlated with LF/HF during the uncontrolled breathing (r=-0.56, two-tailed P<0.05, one-tailed P<0.01) but not during the paced breathing trial (r=-0.34, (P>0.1). SIGNIFICANCE We conclude that sympathetic activity produced by paced breathing at 0.2Hz can obscure the relationship between body fat percentage and sympathovagal balance and that high body fat percentage may be associated with low sympathetic modulation of the heart rate in healthy adolescent/young adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Millis
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Fujibayashi M, Hamada T, Matsumoto T, Kiyohara N, Tanaka S, Kotani K, Egawa K, Kitagawa Y, Kiso Y, Sakane N, Moritani T. Thermoregulatory sympathetic nervous system activity and diet-induced waist-circumference reduction in obese Japanese women. Am J Hum Biol 2009; 21:828-35. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kang SH, Shin KO. Effects of Dietary Supplementation with a Compound Composed of Caffeine, Capsaicin, Sesamine, L-Carnitine, Banaba and Lotus on Human Autonomic Nervous System Activity and Lipid Oxidation. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2009.14.3.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dose-dependent increases in heart rate variability and arterial compliance in overweight and obese adults with DHA-rich fish oil supplementation. Br J Nutr 2009; 103:243-8. [PMID: 19664302 DOI: 10.1017/s000711450999153x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) variability and large arterial compliance can be improved using fish oils. DHA, a component of fish oil, has cardiovascular health benefits, but its effect on HR variability (HRV) and arterial compliance is yet to be quantified. Sixty-seven overweight or obese adults (thirty-six males and thirty-one females; 53 (sem 2) year; BMI 31.7 (sem 1.1) kg/m(2)) were randomly allocated to consume either 6 g/d sunola oil (control; n 17), fish oil (260 mg DHA+60 mg EPA per g) at doses of 2 g/d (n 16), 4 g/d (n 17) or 6 g/d (n 17). Blood pressure, HR and compliance of large and small arteries were measured while supine at baseline and after 12 weeks in all participants, and HRV was assessed in a subgroup of forty-six participants. There was no effect of fish oil on blood pressure, small artery compliance or HR. However, the low frequency:high frequency ratio of HRV decreased with increasing doses of fish oil (r - 0.34, P = 0.02), while large artery compliance increased (r 0.34, P = 0.006). Moreover, the changes in these biomarkers were significantly correlated (r - 0.31, P = 0.04) and may reflect fish oil-induced improvements in arterial function and cardiac autonomic regulation.
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Fujibayashi M, Matsumoto T, Kishida I, Kimura T, Ishii C, Ishii N, Moritani T. Autonomic nervous system activity and psychiatric severity in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2009; 63:538-45. [PMID: 19496998 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01983.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Schizophrenia patients have a mortality rate two to three-fold higher than that of the general population. Despite the disorder's widespread recognition, how and to what extent autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity contributes to schizophrenia remains inconclusive. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to determine the extent of ANS activity depression with respect to healthy, well-matched control subjects and the severity of psychiatric disorders as determined using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale among schizophrenia patients with special reference to antipsychotic dose. METHODS This study included 71 schizophrenia patients and 72 healthy controls. ANS activity was assessed by means of heart rate variability power spectral analysis. RESULTS ANS-related spectral parameters were three-four-fold lower in the patients compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, when the patients without cardiovascular complications were classified according to GAF score, overall ANS (P = 0.033) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity (P = 0.025) were significantly reduced in the low-GAF as compared to the high-GAF group. Partial correlation analyses demonstrated that ANS activity was significantly correlated with GAF score while statistically eliminating the effects of age, gender, body mass index, antipsychotic dose, and lipid profiles of the patient population. CONCLUSION The significantly lower ANS activity in the low-GAF group suggests that such autonomic functional depression could be associated with the severity of schizophrenia. The present data further imply that schizophrenia patients with more depressed overall ANS and PNS activity might encounter increasing risks for cardiovascular events such as sudden death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Fujibayashi
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Akamatsu Y, Hayashi T, Sakane N, Moritani T. Effect of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2 Genotype on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous Responses to Moderate Alcohol Ingestion. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 32:1422-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00711.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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