1
|
What factors drive gender differences in the body mass index? Evidence from Turkish adults. J Biosoc Sci 2022; 55:538-563. [PMID: 35509172 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932022000190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, studies show that obesity has become an important health condition, especially among adults. The first aim of this study is to examine socio-demographic and behavioural factors on body mass index distribution of male and female adults over 20 years old in Turkey. The second aim is to determine the body mass index disparity by gender and the socio-demographic and behavioural factors that might wider or narrow it. This study adopts unconditional quantile regression and decomposition methods, and the data set covers the Turkish Health Surveys for 2014, 2016, and 2019. The findings document that high level of body mass index are associated with being married, aging, and physical inactivity. Interestingly, employment status has different contributions on the body mass index of males and females. The results also claim a body mass index gap among males and females as a result of differences in some potential socio-demographic and behavioural factors, and the gap gets higher at the upper and lower quantiles of BMI distribution. This study may provide a clear understanding for policymakers on how to design efficacious obesity policies considering the differences in the effect of socio-demographic and behavioural factors on the distribution of body mass index across females and males. The results suggest that the Ministry of Health should specifically target different groups for males and females and should reduce the differences in socio-demographic and behavioural determinants between females and males to prevent and reduce obesity prevalence in Turkey.
Collapse
|
2
|
Witkam R, Gwinnutt JM, Humphreys J, Gandrup J, Cooper R, Verstappen SM. Do associations between education and obesity vary depending on the measure of obesity used? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. SSM Popul Health 2021; 15:100884. [PMID: 34401462 PMCID: PMC8350379 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Consistent evidence suggests a relationship between lower educational attainment and total obesity defined using body mass index (BMI); however, a comparison of the relationships between educational attainment and total obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and central obesity (waist circumference (WC) > 102 cm for men and WC > 88 cm for women) has yet to be carried out. This systematic literature review (SLR) and meta-analyses aimed to understand whether i) the associations between education and obesity are different depending on the measures of obesity used (BMI and WC), and ii) to explore whether these relationships differ by gender and region. Methods Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched to identify studies investigating the associations between education and total and central obesity among adults in the general population of countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Meta-analyses and meta-regression were performed in a subset of comparable studies (n=36 studies; 724,992 participants). Results 86 eligible studies (78 cross-sectional and eight longitudinal) were identified. Among women, most studies reported an association between a lower education and total and central obesity. Among men, there was a weaker association between lower education and central than total obesity (OR central vs total obesity in men 0.79 (95% CI 0.60, 1.03)). The association between lower education and obesity was stronger in women compared with men (OR women vs men 1.66 (95% CI 1.32, 2.08)). The relationship between lower education and obesity was less strong in women from Northern than Southern Europe (OR Northern vs Southern Europe in women 0.37 (95% CI 0.27, 0.51)), but not among men. Conclusions Associations between education and obesity differ depending on whether total or central obesity is used among men, but not in women. These associations are stronger among women than men, particularly in Southern European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozemarijn Witkam
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - James M. Gwinnutt
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Jennifer Humphreys
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
| | - Julie Gandrup
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
| | - Rachel Cooper
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, UK
| | - Suzanne M.M. Verstappen
- Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
- Corresponding author. Centre for Epidemiology Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sarokhani D, Sarokhani M, Hasanpour Dehkordi A, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Fakhri M. Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:453-468. [PMID: 32126015 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity and overweight are among the most common and serious health issues in many countries, leading to numerous medical consequences such as heart disease, hypertension, fatty liver etc. This review article addressed the prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian students by using meta-analysis. Methods A number of domestic and international databases were searched, including IranMedex, Magiran, SID, Scopus, PubMed, IranDoc, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Eligible publications were 160 articles that addressed the prevalence of obesity or overweight. Data were combined using random effects model. Heterogeneity of the studies was examined by Q statistics and the I2 index. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11.1. Results In the 160 reviewed studies, a total of 481,070 individuals (6-20 years) were included. The prevalence of obesity among Iranian students based on body mass index (BMI) was 11% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10%-12%) (in girls 8% [95% CI: 7%-10%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 10%-13%]). The prevalence of overweight in students based on BMI was 12% (95% CI: 12%-13%) (in girls 13% [95% CI: 11%-14%] and in boys 11% [95% CI: 18%-30%]). The rate of obesity was 13% (95% CI: 11%-16%) in elementary school students, 10% (95% CI: 7%-14%) in secondary school students and 7% (95% CI: 6%-9%) in high school students. Conclusions The prevalence rate of overweight was more than that of obesity with a 1% difference. The prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while the prevalence of overweight was higher in girls. The prevalence of obesity was higher in primary school students than in secondary school students. This prevalence was higher in secondary school students than in high school students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Sarokhani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Mandana Sarokhani
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ali Hasanpour Dehkordi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of allied medical sciences, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ghanei Gheshlagh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Moloud Fakhri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,World Federation of Acupuncture-Moxibustion Societies (WFAS), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hernáez Á, Zomeño MD, Dégano IR, Pérez-Fernández S, Goday A, Vila J, Civeira F, Moure R, Marrugat J. Exceso de peso en España: situación actual, proyecciones para 2030 y sobrecoste directo estimado para el Sistema Nacional de Salud. Rev Esp Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
5
|
Hernáez Á, Zomeño MD, Dégano IR, Pérez-Fernández S, Goday A, Vila J, Civeira F, Moure R, Marrugat J. Excess Weight in Spain: Current Situation, Projections for 2030, and Estimated Direct Extra Cost for the Spanish Health System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 72:916-924. [PMID: 30473259 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Excess weight promotes the development of several chronic diseases and decreases quality of life. Its prevalence is increasing globally. Our aim was to estimate the trend in excess weight between 1987 and 2014 in Spanish adults, calculate cases of excess weight and its direct extra costs in 2006 and 2016, and project its trend to 2030. METHODS We selected 47 articles in a systematic literature search to determine the progression of the prevalence of overweight, nonmorbid obesity, and morbid obesity and average body mass index between 1987 and 2014. We projected the expected number of cases in 2006, 2016, and 2030 and the associated direct extra medical costs. RESULTS Between 1987 and 2014, the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and morbid obesity increased by 0.28%/y (P=.004), 0.50%/y (P <.001) and 0.030%/y (P=.006) in men, and by 0.10%/y (P=.123), 0.25%/y (P=.078), and 0.042%/y (P=.251) in women. The mean body mass index increased by 0.10 kg/m2/y in men (P <.001) and 0.26 kg/m2/y in women (significantly only between 1987 and 2002, P <.001). We estimated 23 500 000 patients with excess weight in 2016, generating 1.95 billion €/y in direct extra medical costs. If the current trend continues, between 2016 and 2030, there will be 3 100 000 new cases of excess weight, leading to 3.0 billion €/y of direct extra medical costs in 2030. CONCLUSIONS Excess weight in Spanish adults has risen since the creation of population registries, generating direct extra medical costs that represent 2% of the 2016 health budget. If this trend continues, we expect 16% more cases in 2030 and 58% more direct extra medical costs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernáez
- Grupo de Investigación en Riesgo Cardiovascular, Nutrición y Envejecimiento, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Blanquerna, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Dolores Zomeño
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Blanquerna, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Riesgo Cardiovascular y Nutrición-REGICOR, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Programa de Doctorado en Alimentación y Nutrición, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene R Dégano
- Grupo de investigación REGICOR, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Pérez-Fernández
- Grupo de investigación REGICOR, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Goday
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Investigación en Riesgo Cardiovascular y Nutrición-REGICOR, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Vila
- Grupo de investigación REGICOR, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Civeira
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unidad de Lípidos y Arteriosclerosis, Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ricardo Moure
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica y Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Marrugat
- Grupo de investigación REGICOR, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bakir MA, Hammad K, Mohammad L. Prevalence of obesity, central obesity, and associated socio-demographic variables in Syrian women using different anthropometric indicators. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/anre-2017-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing globally in both developing and developed countries, especially, those with rapid cultural and social changes. The aims of current study were twofold: (a) to examine, for the first time in Syria, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and central obesity in Syrian women and obesity-related socio-demographic determinants, and (b) to establish a base line data about obesity related determinants needed to develop appropriate treatment and prevention strategies. Cross-sectional study with a randomly representative sample of 923 women aged 18-60 years was conducted. Waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) were measured, and body mass index (BMI) waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) were calculated. Socio-demographic data were collected with a designed questionnaire. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in Syrian women as defined by BMI were 31% and 43%, respectively. The overall central obesity as defined by WC and WHR were 53% and 33%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity and central obesity were increased with age. WC and HC were strongly correlated with BMI. The mean BMIs and other anthropometric measurements were significantly higher in married, house wife, less educated, high parity, and low physical activity women. The results of this study indicate an increased rates of overweight, overall, and central obesity in Syrian women. Also, central obesity as defined by WC is higher than BMI derived obesity. In conclusion, WC is more appropriate to be used for obesity assessment, where, BMI underestimates the obesity prevalence among middle-age women. Development of appropriate treatment and prevention strategies are urgently needed to combat with increasing rate of obesity among Syrian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Adel Bakir
- Radiation Medicine Department, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), P.O. Box 6091, Damascus , Syria
| | - Kholoud Hammad
- Radiation Medicine Department, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus , Syria
| | - Loreen Mohammad
- Radiation Medicine Department, Atomic Energy Commission of Syria (AECS), Damascus , Syria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Overweight and General and Abdominal Obesity in a Representative Sample of Spanish Adults: Findings from the ANIBES Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:8341487. [PMID: 27382572 PMCID: PMC4921130 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8341487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To analyze the anthropometric parameters from a representative sample of Spanish adults participating in ANIBES study and the prevalence of general and abdominal obesity. Methods. This cross-sectional study focused on 1655 adults aged 18–64 years. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated, and body mass index (BMI) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were calculated. A composite index combining BMI and WHtR was designed to establish five groups with different anthropometric status. Results. The prevalence of overweight (OW) was 35.8% and that of obesity was 19.9%. Obesity (OB) was higher among men (OR 1.725, 1.415–2.104; p = 0.000) and each year of age increased the risk of obesity (OR 1.054, 1.045–1.064; p = 0.000). The prevalence of abdominal obesity (WHtR ≥ 0.5) was 58.4%. Only 36.1% of the population had an optimal anthropometric situation (BMI < 25 kg/m2, WHtR < 0.5), whereas 50.1% had weight excess and high WHtR (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, WHtR ≥ 0.5). Conclusions. More than half of Spanish population has weight excess and cardiometabolic risk. The results of this study provide an understanding of the current anthropometric situation in the Spanish population, as a first step toward planning interventions and assessing their effectiveness in the future.
Collapse
|
8
|
Pedrera-Zamorano JD, Roncero-Martin R, Lavado-Garcia JM, Calderon-Garcia JF, Rey-Sanchez P, Vera V, Martinez M, Moran JM. Segmental fat-free and fat mass measurements by bioelectrical impedance analysis in 2,224 healthy spanish women aged 18-85 years. Am J Hum Biol 2014; 27:468-74. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - Raul Roncero-Martin
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - Jesus M. Lavado-Garcia
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - Julian F. Calderon-Garcia
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - Purificacion Rey-Sanchez
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - Vicente Vera
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - Mariana Martinez
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| | - Jose M. Moran
- Metabolic Bone Diseases Research Group; Nursing Department, University of Extremadura; Caceres Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo X, Li Z, Guo L, Zheng L, Yu S, Yang H, Zou L, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Sun Y. An update on overweight and obesity in rural Northeast China: from lifestyle risk factors to cardiometabolic comorbidities. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:1046. [PMID: 25293836 PMCID: PMC4198624 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-1046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Not enough is known about the prevalence of overweight and obesity in rural China in the current decade. We aim to update our knowledge of the prevalence of obesity and its associated risk factors and comorbidities in a large population sample in rural Northeast China. Methods A population-based survey of 11,579 participants aged 35 years and older was conducted in rural areas of Liaoning Province during 2012–2013. Anthropometric measurements, information on health-related variables and blood biochemical indexes were collected by well-trained personnel. Results The prevalence of general obesity and overweight was found to be 7.8% and 37.2%, respectively. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity was 15.1%. Female gender, ethnic minority, middle-school education and a family income of 5,000–20,000 CNY per year were found to be risk factors for general obesity, while older age, female gender, ethnic minority and longer sleep duration (>8 h/d) increased the risk of abdominal obesity, after adjusting for confounders. Overweight and obese participants had significantly higher risks to develop prehypertension, hypertension, high LDL-C and low HDL-C compared with normal weight participants, while abdominal obesity was associated with increased risks of diabetes and high TG after adjusted for multiple factors. Compared with participants with a normal BMI and no abdominal obesity, the participants classified as abdominally obese and normal BMI; as abdominally obese and overweight; and abdominally obese and generally obese each had a progressive increase in the odds of hypertension (OR: 1.961, 95% CI: 1.154 to 3.331, OR: 2.744, 95% CI: 2.126 to 3.541, and OR: 8.990, 95% CI: 5.858 to 13.795, respectively) and high TG (OR: 3.165, 95% CI: 2.183 to 4.588, OR: 3.980, 95% CI: 3.332 to 4.755, and OR: 4.340, 95% CI: 3.574 to 5.271, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of obesity in rural Northeast China exhibited a remarkably increasing upwards trend. General and abdominal obesity were associated with different subtypes of cardiometabolic comorbidities, the combined effects of which on the comorbidities dramatically increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yingxian Sun
- Department of Cardiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing North Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
He J, Guo S, Liu J, Zhang M, Ding Y, Zhang J, Li S, Xu S, Niu Q, Guo H, Ma R. Ethnic differences in prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity among low-income rural Kazakh and Uyghur adults in far western China and implications in preventive public health. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106723. [PMID: 25188373 PMCID: PMC4154732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global pandemic of obesity has become a disastrous public health issue that needs urgent attention. Previous studies have concentrated in high-income urban settings and few cover low-income rural settings especially nomadic residents in mountain areas. This study focused on low-income rural and nomadic minority people residing in China's far west and investigated their prevalence and ethnic differences of obesity. METHODS A questionnaire-based survey and physical examination of 8,036 individuals were conducted during 2009-2010, using stratified cluster random sampling method in nomadic Kazakhs and rural Uyghur residents (≥ 18 years old) in 18 villages, Xinjiang, China, about 4,407 km away from capital Beijing. Obesity was defined by BMI and WC. RESULTS The overall prevalence of general and abdominal obesity in Kazakh adults were 18.3% and 60.0%, respectively and in Uyghur, 7.6% and 54.5%, respectively. Female's prevalence of obesity was higher than male's for general obesity (45-54 age group in Uyghur, P = 0.041) and abdominal obesity (≥ 55 years in Kazakhs, P(55 ∼) = 0.010, P(65 ∼) = 0.001; and ≥ 18 years in Uyghurs, P<0.001). Kazakh's prevalence of obesity was higher than Uyghur's (general obesity: ≥ 35 years, P<0.001; abdominal obesity: ≥ 25 years in males and ≥ 65 years in females, P<0.01). The prevalence of obesity increased after 18 years old and subsequently decreased after 55 years old. Meat consumption, older age, and female gender had a higher risk of obesity in these two minorities. CONCLUSIONS Both general and abdominal obesity were common in rural ethnic Kazakhs and Uyghurs. The prevalence rates were different in these two minorities depending on ethnicity, gender, and age. Kazakhs, females and elderly people may be prioritized in prevention of obesity in western China. Because of cost-effectiveness in measuring BMI and WC, we recommend that BMI and WC be integrated into local preventive policies in public health toward screening obesity and related diseases in low-income rural minorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yusong Ding
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shugang Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shangzhi Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiang Niu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Heng Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rulin Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Cohen AK, Rai M, Rehkopf DH, Abrams B. Educational attainment and obesity: a systematic review. Obes Rev 2013; 14:989-1005. [PMID: 23889851 PMCID: PMC3902051 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although previous systematic reviews considered the relationship between socioeconomic status and obesity, almost 200 peer-reviewed articles have been published since the last review on that topic, and this paper focuses specifically on education, which has different implications. The authors systematically review the peer-reviewed literature from around the world considering the association between educational attainment and obesity. Databases from public health and medicine, education, psychology, economics, and other social sciences were searched, and articles published in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish were included. This paper includes 289 articles that report on 410 populations in 91 countries. The relationship between educational attainment and obesity was modified by both gender and the country's economic development level: an inverse association was more common in studies of higher-income countries and a positive association was more common in lower-income countries, with stronger social patterning among women. Relatively few studies reported on lower-income countries, controlled for a comprehensive set of potential confounding variables and/or attempted to assess causality through the use of quasi-experimental designs. Future research should address these gaps to understand if the relationship between educational attainment and obesity may be causal, thus supporting education policy as a tool for obesity prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Cohen
- Division of Epidemiology, University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Alegría-Lertxundi I, Rocandio Pablo A, Arroyo-Izaga M. Cheese consumption and prevalence of overweight and obesity in a Basque adult population: a cross-sectional study. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 65:21-7. [PMID: 24138541 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.836741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Iker Alegría-Lertxundi
- Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) , Vitoria , Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang H, Wang J, Liu MM, Wang D, Liu YQ, Zhao Y, Huang MM, Liu Y, Sun J, Dong GH. Epidemiology of general obesity, abdominal obesity and related risk factors in urban adults from 33 communities of Northeast China: the CHPSNE study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:967. [PMID: 23146089 PMCID: PMC3509037 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity increases the risk of many diseases. However, there has been little literature about the epidemiology of obesity classified by body mass index (BMI) or waist (abdominal obesity) among urban Chinese adults. This study is to fill the gap by assessing the prevalence of obesity and associated risk factors among urban Chinese adults. METHODS A representative sample of 25,196 urban adults aged 18 to 74 years in Northeast China was selected and measurements of height, weight and waist circumference (WC) were taken from 2009-2010. Definitions of overweight and obesity by the World Health Organization (WHO) were used. RESULTS The overall prevalence rates of general obesity and overweight classified by BMI were 15.0% (15.7% for men and 14.3% for women, p<0.01) and 19.2% (20.8% for men and 17.7% for women, p<0.01), respectively, and the overall prevalence rate of abdominal obesity was 37.6% (31.1% for men and women 43.9% for women, p<0.01). Multivariable logistic regression showed that the elderly and those who had a history of parental obesity, alcohol drinking, or former cigarette smoking were at high risk of obesity classified by BMI or WC, whereas those with a higher level of education, higher family income, or a healthy and balanced diet were at low risk of obesity. Analysis stratified by gender showed that men with a higher level education level, a white-collar job, a cadre job, or higher family income were the high risk group, and women with a higher level of education or higher family income were the low risk group. CONCLUSIONS Obesity and overweight have become epidemic in urban populations in China; associations of risk factors with obesity differ between men and women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, 121001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Miao-Miao Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Da Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Qin Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Mei-Meng Huang
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Hui Dong
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Prättälä R, Sippola R, Lahti-Koski M, Laaksonen MT, Mäkinen T, Roos E. Twenty-five year trends in body mass index by education and income in Finland. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:936. [PMID: 23113905 PMCID: PMC3526569 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The socioeconomic gradient in obesity and overweight is amply documented. However, the contribution of different socioeconomic indicators on trends of body mass index (BMI) over time is less well known. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of education and income with (BMI) from the late 1970s to the early 2000s. Methods Data were derived from nationwide cross-sectional health behaviour surveys carried out among Finns annually since 1978. This study comprises data from a 25-year period (1978–2002) that included 25 339 men and 25 330 women aged 25–64 years. BMI was based on self-reported weight and height. Education in years was obtained from the questionnaire and household income from the national tax register. In order to improve the comparability of the socioeconomic position measures, education and income were divided into gender-specific tertiles separately for each study year. Linear regression analysis was applied. Results An increase in BMI was observed among men and women in all educational and income groups. In women, education and income were inversely associated with BMI. The magnitudes of the associations fluctuated but stayed statistically significant over time. Among the Finnish men, socioeconomic differences were more complicated. Educational differences were weaker than among the women and income differences varied according to educational level. At the turn of the century, the high income men in the lowest educational group had the highest BMI whereas the income pattern in the highest educational group was the opposite. Conclusion No overall change in the socio-economic differences of BMI was observed in Finland between 1978 and 2002. However, the trends of BMI diverged in sub-groups of the studied population: the most prominent increase in BMI took place in high income men with low education and in low income men with high education. The results encourage further research on the pathways between income, education, living conditions and the increasing BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ritva Prättälä
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, López E, Banegas JR, Graciani A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Elderly People in Spain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:710-5. [PMID: 15090641 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight in the older adult population in Spain by sex, age, and educational level. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A cross-sectional study was carried out in 2001 in a sample of 4009 persons representative of the noninstitutionalized population > or = 60 years of age. Anthropometric measurements (BMI and waist circumference) were obtained using standardized techniques and equipment. Overweight was considered at a BMI of 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 and obesity at a BMI of > or = 30 kg/m2. Central obesity was considered at a waist circumference of >102 cm in men and >88 cm in women. RESULTS The mean BMI was 28.2 kg/m2 in men and 29.3 kg/m2 in women. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in men was 49% and 31.5%, respectively. The corresponding percentages in women were 39.8% and 40.8%. The prevalence of obesity was higher in persons with no education than in those with third level education (i.e., university studies), especially among women (41.8% vs. 17.5%). The prevalence of central obesity was 48.4% in men and 78.4% in women. Differences by educational level were seen in only women, in whom the prevalence of central obesity was 80.9% in those with no education and 59% in those with third-level education. DISCUSSION The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Spanish adult elderly population is very high. Some other populations show similar prevalences, especially in Mediterranean countries. Socioeconomic conditions in Spain during the years these cohorts were born may partly explain the high-frequency of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan L Gutiérrez-Fisac
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tur JA, Serra-Majem L, Romaguera D, Pons A. Profile of Overweight and Obese People in a Mediterranean Region. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:527-36. [PMID: 15833938 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the prevalence of excess weight (obesity and overweight) and the related environmental risk factors in a Mediterranean population. Self-perception of body weight, attitudes toward weight-control behaviors, and the associated factors were also examined. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands between 1999 and 2000. A random sample (n = 1200) of the adult population (20 to 60 years old) was interviewed. Dietary questionnaires and a global questionnaire incorporating questions related to sociodemographic and lifestyle variables were utilized. Anthropometric measurements were also obtained. RESULTS Nearly one-half of the population of the Balearic Islands is above the normal weight range (BMI > 25). The predictors of overweight and obesity in the Balearic Islands are to be over 40 years old, to be married, to form part of the lowest educational levels, and to have a sedentary lifestyle. A large percentage of excess-weight individuals tend to underestimate their BMI, are not concerned about their weight status, tend to snack more often, and have never dieted. DISCUSSION Although the likely causes of the rise in obesity prevalence are difficult to elucidate from this study, we have identified the profile of individuals with excess weight in the Balearic Islands as well as their attitudes toward their body image.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josep A Tur
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Erem C, Arslan C, Hacihasanoglu A, Deger O, Topbas M, Ukinc K, Ersöz HO, Telatar M. Prevalence of Obesity and Associated Risk Factors in a Turkish Population (Trabzon City, Turkey). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 12:1117-27. [PMID: 15292476 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2004.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity (general and central) in the Trabzon Region and its associations with demographic factors (age, sex, marital status, reproductive history in women, and level of education), socioeconomic factors (household income and occupation), family history of selected medical conditions (diabetes, hypertension, and obesity), lifestyle factors (smoking habits, physical activity, and alcohol consumption), and hypertension in the adult population. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A sample of households was systematically selected from the central province of Trabzon and its five towns, namely, Sürmene, Vakfikebir, Maçka, Hayrat, and Tonya. A total of 5016 subjects (2728 women and 2288 men) were included in the study. Individuals more than 20 years old were selected from their family health cards. Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, family history of selected medical conditions, and lifestyle factors were obtained for all participants. Systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure levels were measured for all subjects. Study procedures were carried out in the local health centers in each town over an 8-month period. Obesity was defined as BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 and overweight as BMI = 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m2. RESULTS The prevalence of obesity was 23.5%: 29.4% in women and 16.5% in men. The combined prevalence of both overweight and obesity was 60.3%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity was 29.4%: 38.9% among women and 18.1% among men. The prevalence of obesity increased with age, being highest in the 60- to 69-year-old age group (40.8%) but lower again in the 70+ age group. Obesity was associated positively with marital status, parity, cessation of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and household income and inversely with level of education, cigarette use, and physical activity. Also, obesity was associated positively with hypertension. DISCUSSION In the Trabzon Region, 60.3% of the adult population presents with some excess weight. Obesity is a major public health problem that requires generalized interventions to prevent it among the adult population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cihangir Erem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Obesity and overweight prevalence and its association with undiagnosed hypertension in Shanghai population, China: a cross-sectional population-based survey. Front Med 2012; 6:322-8. [PMID: 22843305 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-012-0204-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the Shanghai population of China and its association with undiagnosed hypertension, by taking age, gender and place of residence (urban or suburban) into account. A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in 2007. The sample included 13,359 participants aged 15-69 years.Weight, height, and blood pressure were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight and obesity prevalence were calculated by the body mass index (BMI) definition recommended by Working Group on Obesity in China (normal weight, 18.5-23.9 kg/m(2); overweight, 24-27.9 kg/m(2); obesity, ≥ 28 kg/m(2)). Undiagnosed hypertension was defined by China criteria in accord with that of WHO-ISH (subjects with systolic pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, and/or diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of overweight or obesity with undiagnosed hypertension by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed hypertension prevalence were 27.6% (95% CI: 26.8-28.4), 6.6% (95% CI: 6.2-7.0), and 15.5% (95% CI: 14.9-16.1), respectively. Compared to normal weight subjects, the odds ratios (OR) for subjects who were overweight and had hypertension was 2.33 (95% CI: 2.10-2.59); that for obesity and hypertension was 4.27 (95% CI: 3.66-4.99). These data suggest that overweight and obesity prevalence and their association with undiagnosed hypertension are high in our study population.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ibrahim MM, Elamragy AA, Girgis H, Nour MA. Cut off values of waist circumference and associated cardiovascular risk in Egyptians. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2011; 11:53. [PMID: 21846399 PMCID: PMC3166916 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-11-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent guidelines stressed the need to adopt different values of waist circumference (WC) measurements to define abdominal obesity in different ethnic groups. The aim of this study is to identify WC cutoff points in normotensive and hypertensive subjects which are diagnostic of abdominal obesity in a Middle Eastern population and the prevalence of abdominal obesity in a nationwide sample. METHODS Data were collected during phase-2 of the Egyptians National Hypertension Project survey. Blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and laboratory studies were performed according to a standardized protocol by trained personnel. To derive the cutoff points for WC, we applied the factor analysis on CV risk factors: diabetes mellitus, decrease in HDL-C and increase in LDL-C, triglycerides and left ventricular mass index by echocardiography. RESULTS The sample included 2313 individuals above the age of 25 years. WC values (mean ± SD) were 88 ± 14 cm and 95 ± 14 cm for normotensive (NT) and hypertensive (HT) men respectively, and 89.6 ± 14.7 cm and 95.7 ± 15.9 cm for NT and HT women respectively. Applying factor analysis, the weighted average cutoff points were 93.5 cm for both NT and HT men and 91.5 and 92.5 cm for NT and HT women respectively. Based on these thresholds, the prevalence of abdominal obesity was 48% in men and 51.5% in women. CONCLUSION This is the first report of specific abdominal obesity cutoff points in a Middle Eastern country. The cutoff points were different from the Europid standards. There is a high prevalence rate of abdominal obesity among Egyptians which is associated with increased prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Mohsen Ibrahim
- Cardiology Department, Cairo University Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al-Aini St, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gavrila D, Salmerón D, Egea-Caparrós JM, Huerta JM, Pérez-Martínez A, Navarro C, Tormo MJ. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Murcia Region, a southern European Mediterranean area with low cardiovascular risk and high obesity. BMC Public Health 2011; 11:562. [PMID: 21752307 PMCID: PMC3152535 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with subsequent appearance of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. As compared to other Spanish regions, Murcia (southern Spain) registers increased obesity as well as cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of MS and its components, awareness of obesity as a health risk and associated lifestyles. Methods A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2003, covering a sample of 1555 individuals 20 years and over. MS was defined according to the Revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (R-ATPIII), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. Both low (94/80) and high (102/88) waist circumference (WC) thresholds were considered. Results Prevalence of MS was 27.2% (95%CI: 25.2-29.2), 32.2% (95%CI: 30.1-34.3) and 33.2% (95%CI: 31.2-35.3) according to the R-ATPIII, IDF and JIS94/80 respectively. It increased with age until reaching 52.6% (R-ATPIII) or 60.3% (JIS94/80) among persons aged 70 years and over, and was higher in persons with little or no formal education (51.7% R-ATPIII, 57.3% JIS94/80). The most common risk factors were hypertension (46.6%) and central obesity (40.7% and 66.1% according to high and low WC cut-off points respectively). Although most persons were aware that obesity increased health risks, regular exercise was very unusual (13.0% centrally obese, 27.2% non-centrally obese). Adherence to dietary recommendations was similar among centrally obese and non-centrally obese subjects. Conclusions Prevalence of MS is high in our population, is comparable to that found in northern Europe and varies with the definition used. Adherence to preventive recommendations and to adequate weight promotion is very low. In the absence of a specific treatment for MS, integrated intervention based on a sustained increase in physical activity and changes in diet should be reinforced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gavrila
- Department of Epidemiology, Regional Authority for Health & Consumer Affairs (Consejería de Sanidad y Consumo), Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Park JH, Lee BE, Park HS, Ha EH, Lee SW, Kim YJ. Association between pre-pregnancy body mass index and socioeconomic status and impact on pregnancy outcomes in Korea. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2010; 37:138-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01332.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
22
|
Huerta JM, Tormo MJ, Gavrila D, Navarro C. Cardiovascular risk estimated after 13 years of follow-up in a low-incidence Mediterranean region with high-prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:640. [PMID: 20969808 PMCID: PMC3091564 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Murcia (south-east Spain) shows increased cardiovascular (CV) morbimortality as compared to other Spanish regions. Our objective was to assess the CV risk associated with major risk factors (RF) among adult population of Murcia. METHODS A cohort of 2314 subjects (18-70 years) with full biochemical and questionnaire data was followed-up for 13 years. Incident cases of ischemic heart disease and stroke were identified by record linkage, individual questionnaires and revision of medical records. Relative risks were obtained by multivariate Cox regression stratified by age and sex, and ischemic risk attributable to CVRF was calculated. RESULTS After more than 26276 person-years of follow-up, 57 incident ischemic events (77% men) and 37 stroke cases (62% men) were identified. Independent risk factors of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and all CV events combined, with RR ranging from 1.6 to 2.6, were total serum cholesterol ≥ 240 mg/dl (HR = 2.6, 95%CI:1.3-5.1), blood pressure levels ≥ 140/90 mmHg (HR = 2.6, 95%CI:1.4-4.8), ever tobacco smoking (HR = 2.2; 95%CI:1.1-4.5), and diabetes (HR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.0-3.8). No increased CV risk was detected for known participants under treatment who showed cholesterol and blood pressure values below the clinical risk threshold. Smoking was significantly associated with stroke. For all events combined, the major risk factors were hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and ever use of tobacco. Despite its high prevalence, obesity was not associated to CV risk. Most of the IHD cases were attributable to smoking (44%), hypertension (38%) and hypercholesterolemia (26%). CONCLUSIONS In the Region of Murcia, smoking accounted for the largest proportion of cardiovascular risk, whereas hypertension displaced hypercholesterolemia as the second leading cause of CV disease. Our study deepens in our understanding of the cardiovascular epidemiology in Spanish areas of Mediterranean Europe with relatively high cardiovascular morbimortality, that are poorly represented by the available risk equations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Huerta
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - María-José Tormo
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Spain
| | - Diana Gavrila
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Authority, Ronda de Levante 11, 30008 Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain
- Department of Sociosanitary Sciences, University of Murcia School of Medicine, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Gil Montalbán E, Zorrilla Torras B, Ortiz Marrón H, Martínez Cortés M, Donoso Navarro E, Nogales Aguado P, de la Calle Blasco H, Medrano Albero MJ, Cuadrado Gamarra I. Prevalencia de diabetes mellitus y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población adulta de la Comunidad de Madrid: estudio PREDIMERC. GACETA SANITARIA 2010; 24:233-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2010.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Hernández-Mijares A, Solá-Izquierdo E, Ballester-Mechó F, Marí-Herrero MT, Gilabert-Molés JV, Gimeno-Clemente N, Morales-Suárez-Varela M. Obesity and overweight prevalences in rural and urban populations in East Spain and its association with undiagnosed hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional population-based survey. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:151. [PMID: 19635126 PMCID: PMC2726152 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An increase in the number of overweight and obese subjects in the general population has been observed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obese subjects in the general population and its association with undiagnosed pathologies, such as diabetes mellitus [DM] and hypertension [HT], by taking age, gender and place of residence [rural or urban] into account. Findings A cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted in Castellón, East Spain in 2005–2006. The sample included 2,062 participants aged 18–94 years. Weight, height, blood pressure and glycaemia values were recorded, and information about gender, age and place of residence was obtained. Overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed HT and DM prevalences were calculated. Multiple regression analyses were done to assess the association of overweight/obesity with undiagnosed HT and DM by adjusting for age, gender and place of residence. The overall overweight, obesity, and undiagnosed HT and DM prevalences were 39.9% [95% CI:37.3–42.0], 25.9% [95% CI:24.0–27.9], 9.0% [95% CI:7.8–10.4] and 12.6% [95% CI:11.2–14.1], respectively. We identified various independent risk factors; those relating to overweight were increasing age, male gender and rural residential area, while that relating to obesity was increasing age. Compared to normal weight adults, the Relative Prevalence Ratio (RPR) for subjects who were overweight and had HT was 2.00 [95% CI:1.21–3.32]; that for obesity and HT was 1.91 [95% CI:1.48–2.46], and it was 1.50 [95% CI:1.25–1.81] for obesity and DM. Conclusion Overweight and obesity prevalences, and their association with undiagnosed DM and HT, are high in our study population.
Collapse
|
25
|
Martín AR, Nieto JMM, Ruiz JPN, Jiménez LE. Overweight and obesity: The role of education, employment and income in Spanish adults. Appetite 2008; 51:266-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2007] [Revised: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
26
|
Papandreou C, Mourad TA, Jildeh C, Abdeen Z, Philalithis A, Tzanakis N. Obesity in Mediterranean region (1997-2007): a systematic review. Obes Rev 2008; 9:389-99. [PMID: 18248588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789x.2007.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this review is to determine the distribution of obesity by geographical location, income, age and sex in the Mediterranean region during the last decade. A meta-analysis was conducted for 102 articles cited during the period (1997-2007) in Medline database (for 17 Mediterranean countries) searched during the summer of 2007 using the word 'obesity' and its related keywords. The study showed that adults were more obese than children in all Mediterranean continents and in different levels of income. The prevalence of obesity among European children was higher than among Asians. Also, European adults were more obese than European children. The total female adults were found to be more obese (median: 25.3%) than male adults (median: 20.0%). The regression model analysis indicated that male adults were more likely to be obese in the Euro-Med region. Taking different factors into consideration, it was noticed that Mediterranean adults, especially those in the European region, are at higher risk of obesity. Awareness programmes addressing the importance of adopting healthy dietary habits combined with physical activity should target the whole community in general and adults in particular. The findings could guide health planners for better management of obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Papandreou
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Noto D, Barbagallo CM, Cefalù AB, Falletta A, Sapienza M, Cavera G, Amato S, Pagano M, Maggiore M, Carroccio A, Notarbartolo A, Averna MR. The metabolic syndrome predicts cardiovascular events in subjects with normal fasting glucose: Results of a 15 years follow-up in a Mediterranean population. Atherosclerosis 2008; 197:147-53. [PMID: 17466306 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to evaluate the cardiovascular (CV) risk due to the metabolic syndrome in a 15-year prospective study of a Sicilian population. In the Mediterranean area obesity is highly prevalent, but epidemiological data on the metabolic syndrome are limited. METHODS AND RESULTS Among the 1351 subjects enrolled in the "Ventimiglia di Sicilia" epidemiological project, we selected 687 subjects between 35 and 75 years of age; baseline parameters were assessed and subjects have been followed for 15 years recording CV events, total and cardiovascular mortality. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to both the Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Metabolic syndrome (ATPIII criteria) was significantly (p<0.00001) more prevalent in women (31.5%) than in men (12.4%). The metabolic syndrome increased the risk of CV events with a hazard ratio of 1.9 (confidence interval CI; 1.46-2.46). Using a Cox proportional hazards estimation model, the survival curve of subjects with metabolic syndrome and normal fasting glucose did not significantly differ from the curve of subjects with metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). CONCLUSIONS In a 15-year follow-up the metabolic syndrome is predictive of CV events regardless of the presence of IFG or diabetes mellitus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Noto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Emerging Diseases, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Fouad M, Rastam S, Ward K, Maziak W. Prevalence of obesity and its associated factors in Aleppo, Syria. Glob Heart 2006; 2:85-94. [PMID: 18040524 PMCID: PMC2094121 DOI: 10.1016/j.precon.2006.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity and its related adverse health effects have become major public health problems in developing countries. It has been increasing more rapidly in low-income and transitional than in industrialized countries. This study aims to provide the first population-based estimates of the prevalence of obesity in Aleppo, Syria, and to examine its association with a number of risk factors in the adult population. METHODS: An interviewer-administered survey of adults 18-65 years of age, residing in Aleppo, Syria was conducted in 2004, involving a representative sample of 2038 participants (54.8% female, mean age 35.3±12.1, age range 18-65 years) with a response rate of 86%. Demographic factors and anthropometric measurements were obtained for all participants. The main outcome was prevalence of obesity which was defined as BMI≥ 30 kg/m(2). RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 38.2%, higher in women than in men (46.3% and 28.4% respectively). It increased with age being highest in the 46-65 year-old age group. Obesity was highest among Arabs (40.1%), the unemployed (49.8%), illiterate (50.4%), married (44%) especially women with multiparity, low socio-economic status(45.4%), and those with a low physical activity score (40.3%). Obesity was seen among 48.2% of ex-smokers, 39.3% of non-users of alcohol and 57.5% of participants treated for depression. An association was observed between obesity and an increasing frequency intake of certain food items. Among women, an association was observed between obesity and the number of births. CONCLUSION: Our data show that obesity is a major health problem in Aleppo, Syria especially among women. It is related to age, marital status, and consumption of certain food items and it shows a significant prevalence among women with repeated pregnancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mf Fouad
- Syrian Center for Tobacco Studies, Aleppo, Syria
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sanisoglu SY, Oktenli C, Hasimi A, Yokusoglu M, Ugurlu M. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome-related disorders in a large adult population in Turkey. BMC Public Health 2006; 6:92. [PMID: 16606462 PMCID: PMC1458328 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-6-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few existing large population studies on the epidemiology of metabolic syndrome-related disorders of Turkey. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome-related disorders in the Turkish adult population, to address sex, age, educational and geographical differences, and to examine blood pressure, body mass index, fasting blood glucose and serum lipids in Turkey. METHODS This study was executed under the population study "The Healthy Nutrition for Healthy Heart Study" conducted between December 2000 and December 2002 by the Health Ministry of Turkey. Overall, 15,468 Caucasian inhabitants aged over 30 were recruited in 14 centers in the seven main different regions of Turkey. The data were analyzed with the Students' t, ANOVA or Chi-Square tests. RESULTS Overall, more than one-third (35.08 %) of the participants was obese. The hypertensive people ratio in the population was 13.66 %, while these ratios for DM and metabolic syndrome were 4.16 % and 17.91 %, respectively. The prevalence of hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity were higher in females than males, whereas diabetes mellitus was higher in males than females. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related disorders were found to be significantly different across educational attainments for both men and women. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age, while it was remarkable that in the age group of 60-69 years, prevalence of diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome reached a peak value and than decreased. For obesity, the peak prevalence occurred in the 50-59 year old group. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related disorders were found to be significantly different according to geographical region. CONCLUSION In conclusion, high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome, particularly among women, is one of the major public health problems in Turkey. Interestingly, obesity prevalence is relatively high, but the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is relatively low in Turkish people. Future studies may focus on elucidating the reasons behind this controversy. Our findings may be helpful in formulating public health policy and prevention strategies on future health in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yavuz Sanisoglu
- Department of Biostatistics, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagatay Oktenli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Adnan Hasimi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Yokusoglu
- Department of Cardiology, Gülhane Military Medical Academy, Ankara, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Valverde JC, Tormo MJ, Navarro C, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Marco R, Egea JM, Pérez-Flores D, Ortolá JB, González-Sicilia L, Tébar J, Sánchez-Pinilla M, Flores M, Cava J. Prevalence of diabetes in Murcia (Spain): a Mediterranean area characterised by obesity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2006; 71:202-9. [PMID: 16107290 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2005.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2005] [Revised: 03/25/2005] [Accepted: 06/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to describe the prevalence of total, known and unknown diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in the population of Murcia (SE Spain), a Mediterranean area with a high prevalence of obesity. Therefore, 2562 subjects (>or=20 years) were selected by stratified random sampling and a survey was carried out by telephone, together with a physical examination and biochemical determinations. The ADA-1997 diagnostic criteria were used. The crude prevalence of total diabetes was 11% (9.5-12.6%), known diabetes 7.8% (6.5-9.2%), unknown diabetes 3.2% (2.4-4.2%) and IFG 4.9% (3.9-6.1%). Both total diabetes and IFG were higher in men than in women, with prevalence rates increasing with age. People with diabetes and IFG had higher BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride values than the rest of the population. No difference in the prevalence of diabetes was observed between the rural and urban populations. The prevalence of diabetes in Murcia is high compared to the rest of Spain and the world, suggesting that the possible benefits attributed to some characteristics of the diet of this Mediterranean population are not sufficient to counteract the risk factors associated with the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Cerezo Valverde
- Epidemiology Division, Regional Health Ministry, Community of Murcia, Ronda Levante, 11.30008 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Aranceta-Bartrina J, Serra-Majem L, Foz-Sala M, Moreno-Esteban B. Prevalencia de obesidad en España. Med Clin (Barc) 2005; 125:460-6. [PMID: 16216203 DOI: 10.1157/13079612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
32
|
Medrano MJ, Cerrato E, Boix R, Delgado-Rodríguez M. Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en la población española: metaanálisis de estudios transversales. Med Clin (Barc) 2005; 124:606-12. [PMID: 15871776 DOI: 10.1157/13074389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To review published studies on the prevalence of the main vascular risk factors -hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity and tobacco smoking- in Spain, and to combine their results in an estimate for the Spanish population. MATERIAL AND METHOD After a bibliographic search, the studies fulfilling the following inclusion criteria were selected: cross-sectional design, sampling on Spanish population, results including prevalence data of at least one of the above mentioned risk factors, and objective [corrected] (not self-referred) determination of arterial blood pressure, total serum cholesterol, basal glucose, weight, size and body mass index. The combined prevalence was obtained by means of the random effects model, including weight for the proportion that the studied population supposes on the total Spanish population. RESULTS Forty-eight studies were identified including a total of 130.945 subjects. According to these studies, the most frequent vascular risk factors were hypertension in the elderly (66.7%, CI 59-74%), overweight/obesity in adult women (48,3%, CI 41-55%) and smoking among men (41.1%, CI 38-44%). In the Spanish population as a whole, 23% showed total cholesterol levels above 250 mg/dl; 33% were smokers (41,1% in men and 24% in women); 34% suffered hypertension; 20% were obese (18% in men and 23% in women); and diabetes affected 8% women and 12% men. CONCLUSION Cardiovascular risk in Spain is high. Monitoring the vascular risk factors at a population level is basic for preventive and health care measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M José Medrano
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Martínez Candela J, Gallardo Martín A, Franch Nadal J, Romero Ortiz J, Cánovas Domínguez C, Gómez Marco R. [Analysis of disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism in the adult population of Yecla (Murcia, Spain)]. Aten Primaria 2004; 34:345-52. [PMID: 15511355 PMCID: PMC7669165 DOI: 10.1016/s0212-6567(04)79514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG or GBA), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the adult population of Yecla. RESEARCH, DESIGN, AND METHODS: We performed a population-based cross-sectional study (on Primary Care Field) with stratified and random sampling (393) from 17 500 residents in Yecla with sanitary card and aged > or =30 years. We studied 286 subjects (107 declining to participate) and 261 of them (125 men and 136 women) underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). MAIN MEASUREMENTS World Health Organization (WHO-99) and American Diabetes Association (ADA-97) criteria were used for diagnosis of unknown DM2, GBA and IGT. Socio-demographic and anthropometric variables were measured. Plasma lipid, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C), microalbuminuria and insulin levels also were measured. Insulin resistance was evaluated by the HOMA method. RESULTS According ADA-97 criteria the prevalence of DM2 and GBA was 2.65 (CI+/-1.95) and 4.3% (+/-2.5) respectively. Underwent an OGTT, the age-adjusted prevalence of DM2, IGT and GBA (using the Spanish population of July 02) was 6.7 (95%CI, 3,7-9,7); 13.2 (95%CI, 9.1-17.3) and 0.2% (95%CI, 0-1.8) respectively. The known DM2 was 5,9% (95%CI, 3.8-8) and the global prevalence of DM2 was 12.6% (95%CI, 9.6-15.6). The diabetes was associated with overweight, overage and higher insulin, HbA1C and insulin resistance levels. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of DM2 in Yecla (known/unknown 0.87/1). The ADA97 criteria only detected 53% of the unknown DM2. The 78% of normoglycemics subjects had overweight or upper-body fat distribution and diabetics people had higher BMI (Body Mass Index), Hypertension, insulinemia, HbA1C and insulin resistance levels than normoglycemics and IGT subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Martínez Candela
- Unidad Docente Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria y Gerencia, Atención Primaria Murcia, Centro Salud Mariano Yago, Yecla, Murcia, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
López-García E, Banegas Banegas JR, Gutiérrez-Fisac JL, Pérez-Regadera AG, Gañán LD, Rodríguez-Artalejo F. Relation between body weight and health-related quality of life among the elderly in Spain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2003; 27:701-9. [PMID: 12833114 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relation between body weight and the physical and mental components of health-related quality of life (HRQL) in the population aged 60 y and over in Spain. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Cross-sectional study covering 3605 subjects, representative of the noninstitutionalised Spanish population aged 60 y and over. Information was collected through home-based personal interview and measurement of blood pressure and anthropometric variables. Logistic regression was used to examine the relation of suboptimal HRQL (score<100) on each SF-36 questionnaire scale with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. Separate regression models were constructed for each sex and adjusted for sociodemographic variables, tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical activity, arterial hypertension and diagnosed chronic disease. RESULTS Mean age of the study population was 70.9 y for men and 72.2 y for women. The percentage of overweight subjects was 48.5% in men and 39.8% in women, and of obese subjects, 31.9 and 41.1% respectively. Men registered a better HRQL than women on most of the SF-36 scales. Compared to normal-weight subjects (BMI: 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2)), frequency of suboptimal physical functioning was higher among obese subjects (BMI>or=30 kg/m(2)), both male (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.22-3.00) and female (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.59-4.19). The aspects of physical functioning most affected were bending, kneeling or stooping, climbing stairs and strenuous effort. Male, though not female, obesity was nonetheless associated with a better HRQL on the SF-36 mental scales. Frequencies of suboptimal scores for overweight persons (BMI: 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) were similar to those for normal-weight subjects on most of the SF-36 scales. Results proved similar for subjects in both the 60-74 and 75-and-over age groups, and also when waist circumference was used as the measure of obesity (>102 cm in men and >88 cm in women). CONCLUSIONS Obese men and women showed worse physical functioning than normal-weight persons. This occurred irrespective of whether subjects were over or under 74 y of age, or whether obesity was measured by BMI or waist circumference, and was not explained by unhealthy lifestyles or obesity-related chronic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E López-García
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|