1
|
Senoo S, Shintani T, Nieda S, Shintani T, Kariyama M, Gomi K. Construction of self-cloning Aspergillus oryzae strains with high production of multiple biomass-degrading enzymes on solid-state culture. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:204-210. [PMID: 38242757 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi produce numerous industrially important enzymes. Among them, Aspergillus oryzae-derived enzymes are widely used in various fermentation applications. In this study, we constructed self-cloning strains that overproduce multiple biomass-degrading enzymes under the control of a strong promoter of α-amylase-coding gene (amyB) using the industrial strain A. oryzae AOK11. Two strains (strains 2-4 and 3-26) were introduced with different combinations of genes encoding xylanase (xynG1), phytase (phyA), pectin lyase (pelA), and polygalacturonase (pgaB). These strains had at least one copy of each enzyme gene derived from the expression cassette in the genome. The transcription levels of enzyme-coding genes introduced were more than 100-fold higher than those in the parent strain. Reflecting the high transcription levels, the activities of the enzymes derived from the expression cassettes of these two strains were significantly higher than those of the parent strain in both liquid and solid-state cultures. Even in ventilated solid-state cultures that were scaled up using mechanical equipment for practical applications, the two strains showed significantly higher enzyme activity than the parent strain. These results indicate that these strains constructed using a safe self-cloning technique represent industrially valuable practical strains that can be used in the food and livestock industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Senoo
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan; Process Development Division, Fujiwara Techno-Art Co., Ltd., 2827-3 Tomiyoshi, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1133, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Shintani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shoko Nieda
- Process Development Division, Fujiwara Techno-Art Co., Ltd., 2827-3 Tomiyoshi, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1133, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shintani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kariyama
- Process Development Division, Fujiwara Techno-Art Co., Ltd., 2827-3 Tomiyoshi, Kita-ku, Okayama 701-1133, Japan
| | - Katsuya Gomi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Potential and Restrictions of Food-Waste Valorization through Fermentation Processes. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Food losses (FL) and waste (FW) occur throughout the food supply chain. These residues are disposed of on landfills producing environmental issues due to pollutants released into the air, water, and soil. Several research efforts have focused on upgrading FL and FW in a portfolio of added-value products and energy vectors. Among the most relevant research advances, biotechnological upgrading of these residues via fermentation has been demonstrated to be a potential valorization alternative. Despite the multiple investigations performed on the conversion of FL and FW, a lack of comprehensive and systematic literature reviews evaluating the potential of fermentative processes to upgrade different food residues has been identified. Therefore, this article reviews the use of FL and FW in fermentative processes considering the composition, operating conditions, platforms, fermentation product application, and restrictions. This review provides the framework of food residue fermentation based on reported applications, experimental, and theoretical data. Moreover, this review provides future research ideas based on the analyzed information. Thus, potential applications and restrictions of the FL and FW used for fermentative processes are highlighted. In the end, food residues fermentation must be considered a mandatory step toward waste minimization, a circular economy, and the development of more sustainable production and consumption patterns.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dysin AP, Egorov AR, Godzishevskaya AA, Kirichuk AA, Tskhovrebov AG, Kritchenkov AS. Biologically Active Supplements Affecting Producer Microorganisms in Food Biotechnology: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031413. [PMID: 36771079 PMCID: PMC9921933 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, fermentation processes, and the resultant metabolic products are a key driving force in biotechnology and, in particular, in food biotechnology. The quantity and/or quality of final manufactured food products are directly related to the efficiency of the metabolic processes of producer microorganisms. Food BioTech companies are naturally interested in increasing the productivity of their biotechnological production lines. This could be achieved via either indirect or direct influence on the fundamental mechanisms governing biological processes occurring in microbial cells. This review considers an approach to improve the efficiency of producer microorganisms through the use of several types of substances or complexes affecting the metabolic processes of microbial producers that are of interest for food biotechnology, particularly fermented milk products. A classification of these supplements will be given, depending on their chemical nature (poly- and oligosaccharides; poly- and oligopeptides, individual amino acids; miscellaneous substances, including vitamins and other organic compounds, minerals, and multicomponent supplements), and the approved results of their application will be comprehensively surveyed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Artem P. Dysin
- Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton R. Egorov
- Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Godzishevskaya
- Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly A. Kirichuk
- Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander G. Tskhovrebov
- Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (A.G.T.); (A.S.K.)
| | - Andreii S. Kritchenkov
- Faculty of Science, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya St. 6, 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Metal Physics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Acoustics NAS of Belarus, Ludnikova Prosp. 13, 210009 Vitebsk, Belarus
- Correspondence: (A.G.T.); (A.S.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bioprocessing of Agro-Industrial Waste for Maximization of Pectinase Production by a Novel Native Strain Aspergillus cervinus ARS2 Using Statistical Approach. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The demand for microbial pectinase has increased due to its vast applications in different industries. The current study dealt with the synthesis of pectinase by a novel native strain Aspergillus cervinus ARS2 using agro-industrial waste. Comparative studies conducted on pectinase production by submerged fermentation (SmF) and solid-state fermentation (SSF) showed that pectinase activity was more increased in SSF (44.51 ± 1.33 IU/mL) than in SmF (40.60 ± 1.15 IU/mL) when using orange peel as a substrate. Using SSF, one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) studies were conducted, considering different process variables such as inoculum size, initial pH, incubation time, moisture content, incubation temperature, and substrate particle size, all of which affected the pectinase activity. OFAT results showed the highest pectinase activity at an inoculum size of 106 spores/mL (43.11 ± 1.06 U/mL), an incubation time of 6 days (43.81 ± 1.21 U/mL), a moisture content of 100% (44.30 ± 1.69 U/mL), a substrate particle size of 1.7 mm (42.06 ± 1.20 U/mL), an incubation temperature of 37 ℃ (45.90 ± 1.33 U/mL), and an initial pH of 4 (43.31 ± 0.89 U/mL). The identified significant process variables were then optimized by response surface methodology (RSM)-central composite design (CCD). The results showed optimum pectinase activity of 107.14 ± 0.71 IU/mL for a substrate particle size of 2 mm, an incubation temperature of 31.5 °C, an initial pH of 4.9, and a moisture content of 107%, which was obtained from the Minitab optimizer. By using statistical optimization, the pectinase production from the isolated novel fungal strain A. cervinus ARS2 was increased 2.38-fold. Therefore, the A. cervinus ARS2 strain can be further explored for large-scale pectinase production which could meet the growing industrial demands.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yu X, Wilson R, Balotf S, Tegg RS, Eyles A, Wilson CR. Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Potato Roots from Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars to Spongospora subterranea Zoospore Root Attachment In Vitro. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186024. [PMID: 36144759 PMCID: PMC9504836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) exhibits broad variations in cultivar resistance to tuber and root infections by the soilborne, obligate biotrophic pathogen Spongospora subterranea. Host resistance has been recognised as an important approach in potato disease management, whereas zoospore root attachment has been identified as an effective indicator for the host resistance to Spongospora root infection. However, the mechanism of host resistance to zoospore root attachment is currently not well understood. To identify the potential basis for host resistance to S. subterranea at the molecular level, twelve potato cultivars differing in host resistance to zoospore root attachment were used for comparative proteomic analysis. In total, 3723 proteins were quantified from root samples across the twelve cultivars using a data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry approach. Statistical analysis identified 454 proteins that were significantly more abundant in the resistant cultivars; 626 proteins were more abundant in the susceptible cultivars. In resistant cultivars, functional annotation of the proteomic data indicated that Gene Ontology terms related to the oxidative stress and metabolic processes were significantly over-represented. KEGG pathway analysis identified that the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was associated with the resistant cultivars, suggesting the potential role of lignin biosynthesis in the host resistance to S. subterranea. Several enzymes involved in pectin biosynthesis and remodelling, such as pectinesterase and pectin acetylesterase, were more abundant in the resistant cultivars. Further investigation of the potential role of root cell wall pectin revealed that the pectinase treatment of roots resulted in a significant reduction in zoospore root attachment in both resistant and susceptible cultivars. This study provides a comprehensive proteome-level overview of resistance to S. subterranea zoospore root attachment across twelve potato cultivars and has identified a potential role for cell wall pectin in regulating zoospore root attachment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Yu
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia
| | - Richard Wilson
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.W.); (C.R.W.)
| | - Sadegh Balotf
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia
| | - Robert S. Tegg
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia
| | - Alieta Eyles
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Horticultural Products, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Calum R. Wilson
- New Town Research Laboratories, Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, New Town, TAS 7008, Australia
- Correspondence: (R.W.); (C.R.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
El Sheikha AF, Ray RC. Bioprocessing of Horticultural Wastes by Solid-State Fermentation into Value-Added/Innovative Bioproducts: A Review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2004161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aly Farag El Sheikha
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Canada
- Bioengineering and Technological Research Centre for Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Fungal Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ramesh C. Ray
- ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Regional Centre), Bhubaneswar, India
- Centre for Food Biology & Environment Studies, Bhubaneswar, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Niche-adaptation in plant-associated Bacteroidetes favours specialisation in organic phosphorus mineralisation. THE ISME JOURNAL 2021; 15:1040-1055. [PMID: 33257812 PMCID: PMC8115612 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00829-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bacteroidetes are abundant pathogen-suppressing members of the plant microbiome that contribute prominently to rhizosphere phosphorus mobilisation, a frequent growth-limiting nutrient in this niche. However, the genetic traits underpinning their success in this niche remain largely unknown, particularly regarding their phosphorus acquisition strategies. By combining cultivation, multi-layered omics and biochemical analyses we first discovered that all plant-associated Bacteroidetes express constitutive phosphatase activity, linked to the ubiquitous possession of a unique phosphatase, PafA. For the first time, we also reveal a subset of Bacteroidetes outer membrane SusCD-like complexes, typically associated with carbon acquisition, and several TonB-dependent transporters, are induced during Pi-depletion. Furthermore, in response to phosphate depletion, the plant-associated Flavobacterium used in this study expressed many previously characterised and novel proteins targeting organic phosphorus. Collectively, these enzymes exhibited superior phosphatase activity compared to plant-associated Pseudomonas spp. Importantly, several of the novel low-Pi-inducible phosphatases and transporters, belong to the Bacteroidetes auxiliary genome and are an adaptive genomic signature of plant-associated strains. In conclusion, niche adaptation to the plant microbiome thus appears to have resulted in the acquisition of unique phosphorus scavenging loci in Bacteroidetes, enhancing their phosphorus acquisition capabilities. These traits may enable their success in the rhizosphere and also present exciting avenues to develop sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
|
8
|
Nagar S, Talwar C, Haider S, Puri A, Ponnusamy K, Gupta M, Sood U, Bajaj A, Lal R, Kumar R. Phylogenetic Relationships and Potential Functional Attributes of the Genus Parapedobacter: A Member of Family Sphingobacteriaceae. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1725. [PMID: 33013721 PMCID: PMC7500135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Parapedobacter was established to describe a novel genus within the family Sphingobacteriaceae and derives its name from Pedobacter, with which it is shown to be evolutionarily related. Despite this, Parapedobacter and Pedobacter do not share very high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Therefore, we hypothesized whether these substantial differences at the 16S rRNA gene level depict the true phylogeny or that these genomes have actually diverged. Thus, we performed genomic analysis of the four available genomes of Parapedobacter to better understand their phylogenomic position within family Sphingobacteriaceae. Our results demonstrated that Parapedobacter is more closely related to species of Olivibacter, as opposed to the genus Pedobacter. Further, we identified a significant class of enzymes called pectinases with potential industrial applications within the genomes of Parapedobacter luteus DSM 22899T and Parapedobacter composti DSM 22900T. These enzymes, specifically pectinesterases and pectate lyases, are presumed to have largely different catalytic activities based on very low sequence similarities to already known enzymes and thus may be exploited for industrial applications. We also determined the complete Bacteroides aerotolerance (Bat) operon (batA, batB, batC, batD, batE, hypothetical protein, moxR, and pa3071) within the genome of Parapedobacter indicus RK1T. This expands the definition of genus Parapedobacter to containing members that are able to tolerate oxygen stress using encoded oxidative stress responsive systems. By conducting a signal propagation network analysis, we determined that BatD, BatE, and hypothetical proteins are the major controlling hubs that drive the expression of Bat operon. As a key metabolic difference, we also annotated the complete iol operon within the P. indicus RK1T genome for utilization of all three stereoisomers of inositol, namely myo-inositol, scyllo-inositol, and 1D-chiro-inositol, which are abundant sources of organic phosphate found in soils. The results suggest that the genus Parapedobacter holds promising applications owing to its environmentally relevant genomic adaptations, which may be exploited in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Nagar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Chandni Talwar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Shazia Haider
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Akshita Puri
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,P.G.T.D, Zoology, R.T.M Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | | | - Madhuri Gupta
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Utkarsh Sood
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Abhay Bajaj
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Environmental Biotechnology and Genomics Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Rup Lal
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Roshan Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,P.G. Department of Zoology, Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
An analysis of exo-polygalacturonase bioprocess in submerged and solid-state fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus using pomelo peel powder as carbon source. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2020; 18:47. [PMID: 32894365 PMCID: PMC7477055 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00061-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As there has been an increasing trend in the effective utilization of plant and crop residues for microbial transformation into a desired product, an attempt was made to compare of exo-polygalacturonase production using logistic and Luedeking-Piret kinetic model by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged (smf) or solid-state fermentation (ssf) using pomelo peel powder, an agro-forestry residue as carbon substrate. RESULTS Cultures grown in submerged fermentation produced a peak of exo-polygalacturonase activity as 6160 Ul-1 on the 4th day of culture as compared with 2410 Ul-1 on the 5th day of fermentation by solid-state fermentation. The enzyme yield coefficient (YE/X) is of higher value in smf vs. ssf system (YE/X = 1.05 × 103 vs. 0.622 × 103) indicating the more efficient product yield in smf as compared with ssf. The plots derived fromλ versusζ clearly demonstrate that the secondary product destruction is higher in smf than in ssf. CONCLUSION P. ostreatus performs much better in submerged fermentation as compared with solid-state fermentation in respect to exo-polygalacturonase production although ssf technique produced a more thermo-stable exo-polygalacturonase in crude extract, which is highly desirable in various industrial applications.
Collapse
|
10
|
Karaoğlan M, Erden-Karaoğlan F. Effect of codon optimization and promoter choice on recombinant endo-polygalacturonase production in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 139:109589. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
11
|
Sadh PK, Kumar S, Chawla P, Duhan JS. Fermentation: A Boon for Production of Bioactive Compounds by Processing of Food Industries Wastes (By-Products). Molecules 2018; 23:E2560. [PMID: 30297619 PMCID: PMC6222923 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of by-products or wastes are produced worldwide through various food industries. These wastes cause a serious disposable problem with the environment. So, now a day's different approaches are used for alternative use of these wastes because these by-products are an excellent source of various bioactive components such as polyphenols, flavonoids, caffeine, carotenoids, creatine, and polysaccharides etc. which are beneficial for human health. Furthermore, the composition of these wastes depends on the source or type of waste. Approximately half of the waste is lignocellulosic in nature produced from food processing industries. The dissimilar types of waste produced by food industries can be fortified by various processes. Fermentation is one of the oldest approaches and there are three types of fermentation processes that are carried out such as solid state, submerged and liquid fermentation used for product transformation into value added products through microorganisms. Selections of the fermentation process are product specific. Moreover, various studies were performed to obtain or fortified different bioactive compounds that are present in food industries by-products or wastes. Therefore, the current review article discussed various sources, composition and nutritive value (especially bioactive compounds) of these wastes and their management or augmentation of value-added products through fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pardeep Kumar Sadh
- Department of Biotechnology, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, India.
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Ch. Devi Lal University, Sirsa 125055, India.
| | - Prince Chawla
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Patidar MK, Nighojkar S, Kumar A, Nighojkar A. Pectinolytic enzymes-solid state fermentation, assay methods and applications in fruit juice industries: a review. 3 Biotech 2018; 8:199. [PMID: 29581931 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-018-1220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A plethora of solid substrates, cultivation conditions and enzyme assay methods have been used for efficient production and estimation of polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase enzymes. Recent developments in industrial biotechnology offer several opportunities for the utilization of low cost agro-industrial waste in Solid State Fermentation (SSF) for the pectinolytic enzyme production using fungi. Fruit waste mainly citrus fruit waste alone and along with other agro-industrial waste has been explored in SSF for enzyme production. Agro-industrial waste, due to the economic advantage of low procuring cost has been employed in SSF bioreactors for pectinolytic enzyme production. Acidic pectinases produced by fungi are utilized especially in food industries for clarification of fruit juices. This review focuses on the recent developments in SSF processes utilizing agro-industrial residues for polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase production, their various assay methods and applications in fruit juice industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar Patidar
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Hemkunt Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001 India
| | - Sadhana Nighojkar
- Mata Gujri College of Professional Studies, A.B. Road, Indore, 452001 India
| | - Anil Kumar
- 3School of Biotechnology, Devi Ahilya University, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001 India
| | - Anand Nighojkar
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh College of Professional Sciences, Hemkunt Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore, 452001 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Carbohydrate esterases are a group of enzymes which release acyl or alkyl groups attached by ester linkage to carbohydrates. The CAZy database, which classifies enzymes that assemble, modify, and break down carbohydrates and glycoconjugates, classifies all carbohydrate esterases into 16 families. This chapter is an overview of the research for nearly 50 years around the main groups of carbohydrate esterases dealing with the degradation of polysaccharides, their main biochemical and molecular traits, as well as its application for the synthesis of high added value esters.
Collapse
|
14
|
Shah SJ, Anjam MS, Mendy B, Anwer MA, Habash SS, Lozano-Torres JL, Grundler FMW, Siddique S. Damage-associated responses of the host contribute to defence against cyst nematodes but not root-knot nematodes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:5949-5960. [PMID: 29053864 PMCID: PMC5854129 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
When nematodes invade and subsequently migrate within plant roots, they generate cell wall fragments (in the form of oligogalacturonides; OGs) that can act as damage-associated molecular patterns and activate host defence responses. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating damage responses in plant-nematode interactions remain unexplored. Here, we characterized the role of a group of cell wall receptor proteins in Arabidopsis, designated as polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs), during infection with the cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. PGIPs are encoded by a family of two genes in Arabidopsis, and are involved in the formation of active OG elicitors. Our results show that PGIP gene expression is strongly induced in response to cyst nematode invasion of roots. Analyses of loss-of-function mutants and overexpression lines revealed that PGIP1 expression attenuates infection of host roots by cyst nematodes, but not root-knot nematodes. The PGIP1-mediated attenuation of cyst nematode infection involves the activation of plant camalexin and indole-glucosinolate pathways. These combined results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying plant damage perception and response pathways during infection by cyst and root-knot nematodes, and establishes the function of PGIP in plant resistance to cyst nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Jehangir Shah
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Anjam
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Badou Mendy
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Muhammad Arslan Anwer
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Samer S Habash
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | | | - Florian M W Grundler
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
| | - Shahid Siddique
- Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-University of Bonn, INRES – Molecular Phytomedicine, Germany
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Production of pectinases for quality apple juice through fermentation of orange pomace. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:4123-4128. [PMID: 29085155 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2829-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Production of pectinases by Aspergillus niger was successfully carried out through solid state fermentation. Orange pomace was used as substrate to produce pectinases using a wild type of A. niger isolated from a rotten orange texture. Some of the important parameters affecting exo- and endo-pectinases activities such as temperature, moisture, C/N ratio were optimized. The results indicated that the produced pectinases exhibited maximum activity in temperature range of 45-55 °C and the maximum enzyme productivity occurred at 70% moisture content and C/N ratio of 10. The enzyme kinetic was studied using Michaelis-Menten and Logistic model and the equation were fitted to experimental data for both exo- and endo-pectinases activities. In evaluation of kinetic model, it was found that Monod model presented perfectly fitted with experimental data. Monod kinetic parameters [Formula: see text] for exo-pectinase activities were [Formula: see text] mM, respectively. The Monod kinetic parameters [Formula: see text] for endo-pectinase activity were [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively. Finally, the performances of the produced pectinases were evaluated on natural apple juice. It was confirmed that concentration of soluble sugar, clarity and viscosity of the juice and the yield of extracted juice were significantly improved by the enzymatic hydrolysis activity of pectinases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Reginatto C, Rossi C, Miglioranza BG, Santos MD, Meneghel L, Silveira MMD, Malvessi E. Pectinase production by Aspergillus niger LB-02-SF is influenced by the culture medium composition and the addition of the enzyme inducer after biomass growth. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Borszcz V, Boscato TRP, Antunes A, Zeni J, Backes GT, Valduga E. Recovery of Pectinase Obtained by Solid-State Cultivation of Agro-Industrial Residues. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Borszcz
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Federal Institute of Education, Science, and Technology, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Taísa Renata Piotroski Boscato
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Angela Antunes
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jamile Zeni
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Geciane Toniazzo Backes
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Eunice Valduga
- Department of Food Engineering, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e Missões, URI Erechim, Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Poletto P, Polidoro TA, Zeni M, da Silveira MM. Evaluation of the operating conditions for the solid-state production of pectinases by Aspergillus niger in a bench-scale, intermittently agitated rotating drum bioreactor. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Purification and biochemical characterization of an exo-polygalacturonase from Aspergillus flavus MTCC 7589. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
20
|
Patidar MK, Nighojkar S, Kumar A, Nighojkar A. Papaya peel valorization for production of acidic pectin methylesterase by Aspergillus tubingensis and its application for fruit juice clarification. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
The interaction of induction and repression mechanisms in the regulation of galacturonic acid-induced genes in Aspergillus niger. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 82:32-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
22
|
Zhang BB, Lu LP, Xu GR. Why solid-state fermentation is more advantageous over submerged fermentation for converting high concentration of glycerol into Monacolin K by Monascus purpureus 9901: A mechanistic study. J Biotechnol 2015; 206:60-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Göğüş N, Evcan E, Tarı C, Cavalitto SF. Evaluation of agro-industrial wastes, their state, and mixing ratio for maximum polygalacturonase and biomass production in submerged fermentation. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2015; 36:2657-2667. [PMID: 25946481 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2015.1042922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The potential of important agro-industrial wastes, apple pomace (AP) and orange peel (OP) as C sources, was investigated in the maximization of polygalacturonase (PG), an industrially significant enzyme, using an industrially important microorganism Aspergillus sojae. Factors such as various hydrolysis forms of the C sources (hydrolysed-AP, non-hydrolysed-AP, hydrolysed-AP + OP, non-hydrolysed-AP + OP) and N sources (ammonium sulphate and urea), and incubation time (4, 6, and 8 days) were screened. It was observed that maximum PG activity was achieved at a combination of non-hydrolysed-AP + OP and ammonium sulphate with eight days of incubation. For the pre-optimization study, ammonium sulphate concentration and the mixing ratios of AP + OP at different total C concentrations (9, 15, 21 g l(-1)) were evaluated. The optimum conditions for the maximum PG production (144.96 U ml(-1)) was found as 21 g l(-1) total carbohydrate concentration totally coming from OP at 15 g l(-1) ammonium sulphate concentration. On the other hand, 3:1 mixing ratio of OP + AP at 11.50 g l(-1) ammonium sulphate concentration also resulted in a considerable PG activity (115.73 U ml(-1)). These results demonstrated that AP can be evaluated as an additional C source to OP for PG production, which in turn both can be alternative solutions for the elimination of the waste accumulation in the food industry with economical returns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Göğüş
- a Department of Food Engineering , Izmir Institute of Technology , Gulbahce Campus, TR 35430 , Urla , Izmir , Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li Q, Coffman AM, Ju LK. Development of reproducible assays for polygalacturonase and pectinase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 72:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Poondla V, Bandikari R, Subramanyam R, Reddy Obulam VS. Low temperature active pectinases production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolate and their characterization. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
27
|
Choque E, El Rayess Y, Raynal J, Mathieu F. Fungal naphtho-γ-pyrones—secondary metabolites of industrial interest. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:1081-96. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
28
|
Osmolovskiy AA, Baranova NA, Kreier VG, Kurakov AV, Egorov NS. Solid-state and membrane-surface liquid cultures of micromycetes: Specific features of their development and enzyme production (a Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683814030107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Ibrahim D, Weloosamy H, Sheh-Hong L. Potential use of nylon scouring pad cubes attachment method for pectinase production by Aspergillus niger HFD5A-1. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
30
|
Ertan (İnceoğlu) F, Balkan B, Yarkın Z. Determination of the effects of initial glucose on the production of α-amylase from Penicillium sp. under solid-state and submerged fermentation. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:96-101. [PMID: 26019493 PMCID: PMC4433888 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.901670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of catabolite repression of initial glucose on the synthesis of α-amylase from Penicillium chrysogenum and Penicillium griseofulvum were investigated under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) systems. The results obtained from either fermentation were compared with each other. In the SmF system, initial glucose concentration above 10 mg/mL completely repressed the production of α-amylase from P. chrysogenum and P. griseofulvum. However, the repression in the SSF system was not complete, even when the glucose level was raised to 160 mg/g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bilal Balkan
- Kırklareli University, Vocational College of Health Services, Kırklareli, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yarkın
- Trakya University, Faculty of Science, Edirne, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Torrado AM, Cortés S, Manuel Salgado J, Max B, Rodríguez N, Bibbins BP, Converti A, Manuel Domínguez J. Citric Acid production from orange peel wastes by solid-state fermentation. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 42:394-409. [PMID: 24031646 PMCID: PMC3768945 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2010] [Revised: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Valencia orange (Citrus sinensis) peel was employed in this work as raw material for the production of citric acid (CA) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) of Aspergillus niger CECT-2090 (ATCC 9142, NRRL 599) in Erlenmeyer flasks. To investigate the effects of the main operating variables, the inoculum concentration was varied in the range 0.5·103 to 0.7·108 spores/g dry orange peel, the bed loading from 1.0 to 4.8 g of dry orange peel (corresponding to 35-80 % of the total volume), and the moisture content between 50 and 100 % of the maximum water retention capacity (MWRC) of the material. Moreover, additional experiments were done adding methanol or water in different proportions and ways. The optimal conditions for CA production revealed to be an inoculum of 0.5·106 spores/g dry orange peel, a bed loading of 1.0 g of dry orange peel, and a humidification pattern of 70 % MWRC at the beginning of the incubation with posterior addition of 0.12 mL H2O/g dry orange peel (corresponding to 3.3 % of the MWRC) every 12 h starting from 62 h. The addition of methanol was detrimental for the CA production. Under these conditions, the SSF ensured an effective specific production of CA (193 mg CA/g dry orange peel), corresponding to yields of product on total initial and consumed sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) of 376 and 383 mg CA/g, respectively. These results, which demonstrate the viability of the CA production by SSF from orange peel without addition of other nutrients, could be of interest to possible, future industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Torrado
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química. Universidad de Vigo (Campus Ourense), Edificio Politécnico. As Lagoas . 32004 Ourense , Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Biesebeke RT, Record E. Scientific Advances with Aspergillus Species that Are Used for Food and Biotech Applications. Microbes Environ 2012; 23:177-81. [PMID: 21558706 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.23.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast and filamentous fungi have been used for centuries in diverse biotechnological processes. Fungal fermentation technology is traditionally used in relation to food production, such as for bread, beer, cheese, sake and soy sauce. Last century, the industrial application of yeast and filamentous fungi expanded rapidly, with excellent examples such as purified enzymes and secondary metabolites (e.g. antibiotics), which are used in a wide range of food as well as non-food industries. Research on protein and/or metabolite secretion by fungal species has focused on identifying bottlenecks in (post-) transcriptional regulation of protein production, metabolic rerouting, morphology and the transit of proteins through the secretion pathway. In past years, genome sequencing of some fungi (e.g. Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger) has been completed. The available genome sequences have enabled identification of genes and functionally important regions of the genome. This has directed research to focus on a post-genomics era in which transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics methodologies will help to explore the scientific relevance and industrial application of fungal genome sequences.
Collapse
|
33
|
Comparison of ethanol production performance in 10 varieties of sweet potato at different growth stages. ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2012.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Zhou XW, Su KQ, Zhang YM. Applied modern biotechnology for cultivation of Ganoderma and development of their products. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 93:941-63. [PMID: 22170106 PMCID: PMC7080118 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A white-rot basidiomycete Ganoderma spp. has long been used as a medicinal mushroom in Asia, and it has an array of pharmacological properties for immunomodulatory activity. There have been many reports about the bioactive components and their pharmacological properties. In order to analyze the current status of Ganoderma products, the detailed process of cultivation of Ganoderma spp. and development of their products are restated in this review article. These include the breeding, cultivating, extracting bioactive component, and processing Ganoderma products, etc. This article will expand people's common knowledge on Ganoderma, and provide a beneficial reference for research and industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-Wei Zhou
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Fudan–SJTU–Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai-Qi Su
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Fudan–SJTU–Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ming Zhang
- College of Life and Environment Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234 People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Anuradha K, Padma PN, Venkateshwar S, Reddy G. Fungal isolates from natural pectic substrates for polygalacturonase and multienzyme production. Indian J Microbiol 2010; 50:339-44. [PMID: 23100850 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-010-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 09/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectin rich wastes and waste dump yard soils were screened and eighty pectinolytic fungal isolates were obtained by enrichment culturing and ruthenium red plate assay. Eight isolates with higher zones of pectin hydrolysis were selected and tested for polygalacturonase production. One isolate identified as Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9166 with highest polygalacturonase activity was tested for utilization of raw pectins for enzyme production. Polygalacturonase production was high in raw pectin sources like Orange peel (16.8 U/ml) Jack fruit rind (38 U/ml) Carrot peel (36U/ml) and Beet root peel (24U/ml). Selected Aspergillus awamori MTCC 9166 was found to be having good polygalacturonase, xylanase, cellulase and weak amylase and protease activities. This isolate with multi-enzyme production could have application for enzymes production and degradation of fruit and vegetable waste in the process of urban waste disposal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Anuradha
- BVB Vivekananda College, Secunderabad, 500 094 India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Production and optimization of polygalacturonase from mango (Mangifera indica L.) peel using Fusarium moniliforme in solid state fermentation. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
39
|
Fontana RC, Polidoro TA, da Silveira MM. Comparison of stirred tank and airlift bioreactors in the production of polygalacturonases by Aspergillus oryzae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4493-4498. [PMID: 19467860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Revised: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The production of endo and exo-polygalacturonase (PG) by Aspergillus oryzae IPT 301 was studied in a stirred tank bioreactor (STR) and an internal circulation airlift bioreactor. Using a factorial experimental design, a soluble culture medium was defined which allowed the production of exo- and endo-PG comparable to that obtained in a medium containing suspended wheat bran. The soluble medium was used in tests to compare the production of these enzymes in the STR and airlift bioreactor. In these tests, after 96 h, maximum enzymatic activity values achieved for exo- and endo-PG were 65.2 units (U) per mL and 91.3 U mL(-1), in the STR, with similar activity values of 60.6 U mL(-1) and 86.2 U mL(-1), respectively, being achieved in the airlift bioreactor. The airlift bioreactor also showed satisfactory results regarding the oxygen transfer rate in this process, indicating its potential to be used in an eventual larger scale production of exo- and endo-PG, with lower costs for both installation and operation.
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
|
42
|
Filamentous fungi for production of food additives and processing aids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008. [PMID: 18253709 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are metabolically versatile organisms with a very wide distribution in nature. They exist in association with other species, e.g. as lichens or mycorrhiza, as pathogens of animals and plants or as free-living species. Many are regarded as nature's primary degraders because they secrete a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade waste organic materials. Many species produce secondary metabolites such as polyketides or peptides and an increasing range of fungal species is exploited commercially as sources of enzymes and metabolites for food or pharmaceutical applications. The recent availability of fungal genome sequences has provided a major opportunity to explore and further exploit fungi as sources of enzymes and metabolites. In this review chapter we focus on the use of fungi in the production of food additives but take a largely pre-genomic, albeit a mainly molecular, view of the topic.
Collapse
|
43
|
Song M, Kim N, Lee S, Hwang S. Use of whey permeate for cultivating Ganoderma lucidum mycelia. J Dairy Sci 2008; 90:2141-6. [PMID: 17430911 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2006-690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel approach to utilizing whey permeate, the cultivation of mycelia of the edible mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, is introduced. The major objective of this research was to use whey permeate as an alternative growth medium for the cultivation of mycelia of edible mushroom G. lucidum and to find an optimum condition for solid-state cultivation. Response surface analysis was applied to determine the combination of substrate concentration (25 to 45 g of lactose/L), pH (3.5 to 5.5), and temperature (25 to 35 degrees C) resulting in a maximal mycelial growth. The radial extension rates, estimated by measuring the diameters of growing colonies on the Petri dishes, were used as the growth of the mycelia at different conditions. In the model, pH and temperature significantly affected mycelial growth, but lactose concentration did not. The condition predicted to maximize the radial extension rate of 17.6 +/- 0.4 mm/d was determined to be pH 4.4 and temperature 29.4 degrees C. Therefore, the results suggest that whey permeate could be utilized as a growth substrate for the cultivation of mycelia from the edible mushroom G. lucidum, enhancing the use of this by-product by the cheese manufacturing industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Song
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Téllez-Téllez M, Fernández FJ, Montiel-González AM, Sánchez C, Díaz-Godínez G. Growth and laccase production by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged and solid-state fermentation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:675-9. [PMID: 18762938 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2008] [Revised: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 07/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus showed atypical laccase production in submerged vs. solid-state fermentation. Cultures grown in submerged fermentation produced laccase at 13,000 U l(-1), with a biomass production of 5.6 g l(-1) and four laccase isoforms. However, cultures grown in solid-state fermentation had a much lower laccase activity of 2,430 U l(-1), biomass production of 4.5 g l(-1), and three laccase isoforms. These results show that P. ostreatus performs much better in submerged fermentation than in solid-state fermentation. This is the first report that shows such atypical behavior in the production of extracellular laccases by fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Téllez-Téllez
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Research Centre for Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Comparative biochemical and structural characterizations of fungal polygalacturonases. Biologia (Bratisl) 2008. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-008-0018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
46
|
de Azeredo LAI, Gomes PM, Sant'Anna GL, Castilho LR, Freire DMG. Production and Regulation of Lipase Activity from Penicillium restrictum in Submerged and Solid-State Fermentations. Curr Microbiol 2007; 54:361-5. [PMID: 17457647 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0425-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Different carbon (C) sources, mainly carbohydrates and lipids, have been screened for their capacity to support growth and lipase production by Penicillium restrictum in submerged fermentation (SmF) and in solid-state fermentation (SSF). Completely different physiological behaviors were observed after the addition of easily (oleic acid and glucose) and complex (olive oil and starch) assimilable C sources to the liquid and solid media. Maximal lipolytic activities (12.1 U/mL and 17.4 U/g) by P. restrictum were obtained with olive oil in SmF and in SSF, respectively. Biomass levels in SmF (12.2-14.1 mg/mL) and SSF (7.0-8.0 mg/g) did not varied greatly with the distinct C sources used. High lipase production (12.3 U/g) using glucose was only attained in SSF, perhaps due to the ability of this fermentation process to minimize catabolite repression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana A I de Azeredo
- Biochemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Tecnologia, Bloco A, Lab. 549-2, 21945-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Optimization of biomass, pellet size and polygalacturonase production by Aspergillus sojae ATCC 20235 using response surface methodology. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
48
|
Ustok FI, Tari C, Gogus N. Solid-state production of polygalacturonase by Aspergillus sojae ATCC 20235. J Biotechnol 2007; 127:322-34. [PMID: 16945442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2006] [Revised: 06/16/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The effect of solid substrates, inoculum and incubation time were studied using response surface methodology (RSM) for the production of polygalacturonase enzyme and spores in solid-state fermentation using Aspergillus sojae ATCC 20235. Two-stage optimization procedure was applied using D-optimal and face-centered central composite design (CCD). Crushed maize was chosen as the solid substrate, for maximum polygalacturonase enzyme activity based on D-optimal design. Inoculum and incubation time were determined to have significant effect on enzyme activity and total spore (p<0.01) based on the results of CCD. A second order polynomial regression model was fitted and was found adequate for individual responses. All two models provided an adequate R(2) of 0.9963 (polygalacturonase) and 0.9806 (spores) (p<0.001). The individual optimum values of inoculum and incubation time for maximum production of the two responses were 2 x 10(7) total spores and 5-6 days. The predicted enzyme activity (30.55 U/g solid) and spore count (2.23 x 10(7)spore/ml) were very close to the actual values obtained experimentally (29.093 U/g solid and 2.31 x 10(7)spore/ml, respectively). The overall optimum region considering the two responses together, overlayed with the individual optima. Solid-state fermentation provided 48% more polygalacturonase activity compared to submerged fermentation under individually optimized conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Isik Ustok
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Programme, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wang LS, Ge XY, Zhang WG. Improvement of ethanol yield from raw corn flour by Rhizopus sp. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9247-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
50
|
Bekhouche F, Bonnin E, Boulahrouf A, Leveau JY. [Polygalacturonase enzyme production from bacterial isolated from raw milk and green and black olives]. Can J Microbiol 2006; 52:658-63. [PMID: 16917522 DOI: 10.1139/w06-024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Forty microbial strains isolated from raw milk samples and black and green olives were grown in MP5 (mineral pectin 5) medium containing 0.5% lemon pectin. All strains synthesized an extracellular polygalacturonase. Rhodotorula sp. ONRh9 (0.44 U x mL(-1)) and Leuconostoc sp. LLn1 (0.16 U x mL(-1)), which had a more active polygalacturonase in MP5 medium, were studied in MAPG5 medium containing polygalacturonic acid. Highest biomass and polygalacturonase production by these two strains were observed for polygalacturonic acid concentrations of 10 g x L(-1) (Rhodotorula sp. ONRh9) and 5 g x L(-1) (Leuconostoc sp. LLn1) and for initial pH values of 6 (Rhodotorula sp. ONRh9) and 5.5 (Leuconostoc sp. LLn1). The two strains grown in fermenters in MAPG5 medium generated the following results: with controlled initial pH, Rhodotorula sp. produced maximum biomass (DO) and polygalacturonase (PG) after 20 h (DO, 3.86; PG, 0.24 U x mL(-1)) of growth, and this level was sustained until the end of the culture; Leuconostoc sp. LLn1 synthesized more cells and polygalacturonase between 4 h (DO, 1.80; PG, 0.17 U x mL(-1)) and 24 h (DO, 3.90; PG, 0.27 U x mL(-1)) of culture. With uncontrolled initial pH, the cultures produced maximum biomass and polygalacturonase after 20 h (DO, 3.30; PG, 0.26 U x mL(-1)) for Rhodotorula sp. ONRh9 and 10 h (DO, 2.84; PG, 0.17 U x mL(-1)) for Leuconostoc sp. LLn1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farida Bekhouche
- Laboratoire de génie microbiologique et applications, Département des sciences de la nature et de la vie, Université de Mentouri, Algérie.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|