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Liu R, Zhou D, Yu B, Zhou Z. Phosphorylation of LZTS2 by PLK1 activates the Wnt pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 120:111226. [PMID: 38740232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), responsible for nearly half of lung cancer cases, is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumors globally. There is increasing evidence suggesting that the oncoprotein PLK1 plays a role in the onset and advancement of different types of cancer, including LUAD. Nonetheless, the precise mechanism by which PLK1 promotes tumorigenesis remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate the upregulation of PLK1 in LUAD samples, which leads to a poor prognosis for LUAD patients. Intriguingly, PLK1 enables to bind to LZTS2 and promote its phosphorylation without affecting LZTS2 degradation. Furthermore, we identify that Ser451 is a key phosphorylation site in LZTS2 protein. LZTS2 exerts an anti-tumor effect by restricting the translocation of the transcription factor β-Catenin into the nucleus, thereby suppressing the Wnt pathway. PLK1 disrupts the interaction between LZTS2 and β-Catenin, resulting in the nuclear accumulation of β-Catenin and the activation of the Wnt pathway. Additionally, we reveal that LZTS2 inhibits the proliferation and migration of LUAD cells, which is rescued by PLK1. Finally, PLK1 inhibitors exhibit a dose-dependent suppression of LUAD cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, this study uncovers the pro-tumorigenic mechanism of PLK1, positioning it as a promising therapeutic target for Wnt-related LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Dafa Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai'an, China
| | - Bentong Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi, 330006, China..
| | - Zizhang Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018 Tai'an, China; Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Utilization of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.
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Li P, Li Y, Ma X, Li L, Zeng S, Peng Y, Liang H, Zhang G. Identification of naphthalimide-derivatives as novel PBD-targeted polo-like kinase 1 inhibitors with efficacy in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 271:116416. [PMID: 38657480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Targeting polo-box domain (PBD) small molecule for polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibition is a viable alternative to target kinase domain (KD), which could avoid pan-selectivity and dose-limiting toxicity of ATP-competitive inhibitors. However, their efficacy in these settings is still low and inaccessible to clinical requirement. Herein, we utilized a structure-based high-throughput virtual screen to find novel chemical scaffold capable of inhibiting PLK1 via targeting PBD and identified an initial hit molecule compound 1a. Based on the lead compound 1a, a structural optimization approach was carried out and several series of derivatives with naphthalimide structural motif were synthesized. Compound 4Bb was identified as a new potent PLK1 inhibitor with a KD value of 0.29 μM. 4Bb could target PLK1 PBD to inhibit PLK1 activity and subsequently suppress the interaction of PLK1 with protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1), finally leading to mitotic catastrophe in drug-resistant lung cancer cells. Furthermore, 4Bb could undergo nucleophilic substitution with the thiol group of glutathione (GSH) to disturb the redox homeostasis through exhausting GSH. By regulating cell cycle machinery and increasing cellular oxidative stress, 4Bb exhibited potent cytotoxicity to multiple cancer cells and drug-resistant cancer cells. Subcutaneous and oral administration of 4Bb could effectively inhibit the growth of drug-resistant tumors in vivo, doubling the survival time of tumor bearing mice without side effects in normal tissues. Thus, our study offers an orally-available, structurally-novel PLK1 inhibitor for drug-resistant lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yongkun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xuesong Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Liangping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Shulan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Guohai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China.
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Shen C, Wang T, Li K, Fu C, Yang S, Zhang Z, Wu Z, Li Z, Li Z, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Guo J, Fan Z, Hu H. The prognostic values and immune characteristics of polo-like kinases (PLKs) family: A pan-cancer multi-omics analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28048. [PMID: 38560150 PMCID: PMC10979165 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In the realm of tumor-targeted therapeutics, Polo-like kinases (PLKs) are a significant group of protein kinases that were found recently as being related to tumors. However, the significance of PLKs in pan-cancer remains systematically studied. Methods and materials We integrated multi-omics data to comprehensively investigate the expression patterns of the PLK family across various cancer types. Subsequently, study examined the associations between tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immune subtype classification, immune infiltration, tumor microenvironment scores, immune checkpoint gene expression, and the PLKs expression profiles within various tumor types. Furthermore, using our mRNA sequencing data (TRUCE01) and four bladder cancer (BLCA) cohorts (GSE111636, GSE176307, and IMvigor210), We examined the correlation between the expression level of PLK and immunotherapy effectiveness. Next, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was evaluated to find that potentially enriched PLK signaling pathways. Utilizing TIMER 2.0, we conducted an immune infiltration analysis underlying transcriptome expression, copy number variations (CNV), or somatic mutations of PLKs in BLCA. Finally, mRNA expression validation of PLK1/3/4 by real-time PCR within 10 paired BLCA tissues, protein expression verification through the Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and PLK4 in vitro cytological studies have been employed in BLCA. Results The expression of most of the PLK family members exhibits variation between cancerous tissues and adjacent normal tissues across various cancer species. Furthermore, the expression of PLKs demonstrates a significant association with immunotyping, infiltration of immune cell, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), immunological checkpoint gene activity and therapeutic effectiveness in pan-tumor tissues. Additional investigation into the correlation between the PLK family and BLCA has revealed that the expression of the PLK genes holds substantial significance in the biological processes of BLCA. Furthermore, a notable association has been observed between the copy number variation, variant status, and the degree of certain immunological cell infiltration. Of note, the expression validation and in vitro phenotypic experiments have demonstrated that PLK4 has a significant function in promoting the BLCA cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conclusion Collectively, based on various databases, our results highlight the involvement of PLK gene family in the formation of different types of tumors and identify PLK-related genes that may be used for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Shen
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Chong Fu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Shaobo Yang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhouliang Wu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhuolun Li
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yuda Lin
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
| | - Zhenqian Fan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hailong Hu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urology, Tianjin Institute of Urology, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300211, China
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Zhao M, Lu T, Bi G, Hu Z, Liang J, Bian Y, Feng M, Zhan C. PLK1 regulating chemoradiotherapy sensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through pentose phosphate pathway/ferroptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115711. [PMID: 37879213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common pathological type of esophageal cancer in China, accounting for more than 90 %. Most patients were diagnosed with advanced-stage ESCC, for whom new adjuvant therapy is recommended. Therefore, it is urgent to explore new therapeutic targets for ESCC. Ferroptosis, a newly discovered iron-dependent programmed cell death, has been shown to play an important role in carcinogenesis by many studies. This study explored the effect of Polo like kinase 1 (PLK1) on chemoradiotherapy sensitivity of ESCC through ferroptosis METHODS: In this study, we knocked out the expression of PLK1 (PLK1-KO) in ESCC cell lines (KYSE150 and ECA109) with CRISPR/CAS9. The effects of PLK1-knock out on G6PD, the rate-limiting enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and downstream NADPH and GSH were explored. The lipid peroxidation was observed by flow cytometry, and the changes in mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Next, through the CCK-8 assay and clone formation assay, the sensitivity to cobalt 60 rays, paclitaxel, and cisplatin were assessed after PLK1-knock out, and the nude mouse tumorigenesis experiment further verified it. The regulation of transcription factor YY1 on PLK1 was evaluated by dual luciferase reporter assay. The expression and correlation of PLK1 and YY1, and their impact on prognosis were analyzed in more than 300 ESCC cases from the GEO database and our center. Finally, the above results were further proved by single-cell sequencing. RESULTS After PLK1 knockout, the expression of G6PD dimer and the level of NADPH and GSH in KYSE150 and ECA109 cells significantly decreased. Accordingly, lipid peroxidation increased, mitochondria became smaller, membrane density increased, and ferroptosis was more likely to occur. However, with the stimulation of exogenous GSH (10 mM), there was no significant difference in lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis between the PLK1-KO group and the control group. After ionizing radiation, the PLK1-KO group had higher lipid peroxidation ratio, more cell death, and was more sensitive to radiation, while exogenous GSH (10 mM) could eliminate this difference. Similar results could also be observed when receiving paclitaxel combined with cisplatin and chemoradiotherapy. The expression of PLK1, G6PD dimer, and the level of NADPH and GSH in KYSE150, ECA109, and 293 T cells stably transfected with YY1-shRNAs significantly decreased, and the cells were more sensitive to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. ESCC patients from the GEO database and our center, YY1 and PLK1 expression were significantly positively-correlated, and the survival of patients with high expression of PLK1 was significantly shorter. Further analysis of single-cell sequencing specimens of ESCC in our center confirmed the above results. CONCLUSION In ESCC, down-regulation of PLK1 can inhibit PPP, and reduce the level of NADPH and GSH, thereby promoting ferroptosis and improving their sensitivity to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Transcription factor YY1 has a positive regulatory effect on PLK1, and their expressions were positively correlated. PLK1 may be a target for predicting and enhancing the chemoradiotherapy sensitivity of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengnan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital/Shanxi Hospital Affiliated to Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhengyang Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaqi Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mingxiang Feng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Cheng Zhan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Gregorczyk M, Parkes EE. Targeting mitotic regulators in cancer as a strategy to enhance immune recognition. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 132:103583. [PMID: 37871511 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic DNA has evolved to be enclosed within the nucleus to protect the cellular genome from autoinflammatory responses driven by the immunogenic nature of cytoplasmic DNA. Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase (cGAS) is the cytoplasmic dsDNA sensor, which upon activation of Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING), mediates production of pro-inflammatory interferons (IFNs) and interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). However, although this pathway is crucial in detection of viral and microbial genetic material, cytoplasmic DNA is not always of foreign origin. It is now recognised that specifically in genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer, extranuclear material in the form of micronuclei (MN) can be generated as a result of unresolved DNA lesions during mitosis. Activation of cGAS-STING in cancer has been shown to regulate numerous tumour-immune interactions such as acquisition of 'immunologically hot' phenotype which stimulates immune-mediated elimination of transformed cells. Nonetheless, a significant percentage of poorly prognostic cancers is 'immunologically cold'. As this state has been linked with low proportion of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), improving immunogenicity of cold tumours could be clinically relevant by exhibiting synergy with immunotherapy. This review aims to present how inhibition of vital mitotic regulators could provoke cGAS-STING response in cancer and improve the efficacy of current immunotherapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gregorczyk
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eileen E Parkes
- Oxford Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
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Moore XTR, Gheghiani L, Fu Z. The Role of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Regulating the Forkhead Box Family Transcription Factors. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091344. [PMID: 37174744 PMCID: PMC10177174 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine kinase with more than 600 phosphorylation substrates through which it regulates many biological processes, including mitosis, apoptosis, metabolism, RNA processing, vesicle transport, and G2 DNA-damage checkpoint recovery, among others. Among the many PLK1 targets are members of the FOX family of transcription factors (FOX TFs), including FOXM1, FOXO1, FOXO3, and FOXK1. FOXM1 and FOXK1 have critical oncogenic roles in cancer through their antagonism of apoptotic signals and their promotion of cell proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance. In contrast, FOXO1 and FOXO3 have been identified to have broad functions in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In this review, we discuss PLK1-mediated regulation of FOX TFs, highlighting the effects of PLK1 on the activity and stability of these proteins. In addition, we review the prognostic and clinical significance of these proteins in human cancers and, more importantly, the different approaches that have been used to disrupt PLK1 and FOX TF-mediated signaling networks. Furthermore, we discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting PLK1-regulated FOX TFs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier T R Moore
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
| | - Lilia Gheghiani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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Eggermont C, Gutierrez GJ, De Grève J, Giron P. Inhibition of PLK1 Destabilizes EGFR and Sensitizes EGFR-Mutated Lung Cancer Cells to Small Molecule Inhibitor Osimertinib. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092589. [PMID: 37174055 PMCID: PMC10177332 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have significantly prolonged survival in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer patients. However, the development of resistance mechanisms prohibits the curative potential of EGFR TKIs. Combination therapies emerge as a valuable approach to preventing or delaying disease progression. Here, we investigated the combined inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and EGFR in TKI-sensitive EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. The pharmacological inhibition of PLK1 destabilized EGFR levels and sensitized NSCLC cells to Osimertinib through induction of apoptosis. In addition, we found that c-Cbl, a ubiquitin ligase of EGFR, is a direct phosphorylation target of PLK1 and PLK1 impacts the stability of c-Cbl in a kinase-dependent manner. In conclusion, we describe a novel interaction between mutant EGFR and PLK1 that may be exploited in the clinic. Co-targeting PLK1 and EGFR may improve and prolong the clinical response to EGFR TKI in patients with an EGFR-mutated NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolien Eggermont
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gustavo J Gutierrez
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological Cell Signaling, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques De Grève
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Clinical Sciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Giron
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Centre for Medical Genetics, Research Group Reproduction and Genetics, Clinical Sciences, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Resistance to BRAF Inhibitors: EZH2 and Its Downstream Targets as Potential Therapeutic Options in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031963. [PMID: 36768289 PMCID: PMC9916477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Activating BRAF mutations occurs in 50-60% of malignant melanomas. Although initially treatable, the development of resistance to BRAF-targeted therapies (BRAFi) is a major challenge and limits their efficacy. We have previously shown that the BRAFV600E signaling pathway mediates the expression of EZH2, an epigenetic regulator related to melanoma progression and worse overall survival. Therefore, we wondered whether inhibition of EZH2 would be a way to overcome resistance to vemurafenib. We found that the addition of an EZH2 inhibitor to vemurafenib improved the response of melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi with regard to decreased viability, cell-cycle arrest and increased apoptosis. By next-generation sequencing, we revealed that the combined inhibition of BRAF and EZH2 dramatically suppresses pathways of mitosis and cell cycle. This effect was linked to the downregulation of Polo-kinase 1 (PLK1), a key regulator of cell cycle and proliferation. Subsequently, when we inhibited PLK1, we found decreased cell viability of melanoma cells resistant to BRAFi. When we inhibited both BRAF and PLK1, we achieved an improved response of BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, which was comparable to the combined inhibition of BRAF and EZH2. These results thus reveal that targeting EZH2 or its downstream targets, such as PLK1, in combination with BRAF inhibitors are potential novel therapeutic options in melanomas with BRAF mutations.
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Hu X, Jin X, Cao X, Liu B. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Is a Cellular Ageing Regulator. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315327. [PMID: 36499653 PMCID: PMC9740938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a complicated cellular component that plays significant roles in regulating the cell cycle process of eukaryotic organisms. The spatiotemporal regulation mechanisms of APC/C in distinct cell cycle transitions are no longer mysterious, and the components of this protein complex are gradually identified and characterized. Given the close relationship between the cell cycle and lifespan, it is urgent to understand the roles of APC/C in lifespan regulation, but this field still seems to have not been systematically summarized. Furthermore, although several reviews have reported the roles of APC/C in cancer, there are still gaps in the summary of its roles in other age-related diseases. In this review, we propose that the APC/C is a novel cellular ageing regulator based on its indispensable role in the regulation of lifespan and its involvement in age-associated diseases. This work provides an extensive review of aspects related to the underlying mechanisms of APC/C in lifespan regulation and how it participates in age-associated diseases. More comprehensive recognition and understanding of the relationship between APC/C and ageing and age-related diseases will increase the development of targeted strategies for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (B.L.)
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Correspondence: (X.C.); (B.L.)
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Network Pharmacology Integrated Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Blister Beetle Therapy for Lung Adenocarcinoma. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2022; 2022:1892384. [PMID: 35909589 PMCID: PMC9303499 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1892384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the major causes of cancer death in the world. Studies show that the effective anticancer component in blister beetles is cantharidin, which can improve chemotherapy efficacy, median survival, and prognosis of LUAD. However, the antitumor mechanism of blister beetles has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to identify the key targets of the treatment of LUAD by blister beetles based on the principle of network pharmacology. An integrated approach including network pharmacology and a molecular docking technique was conducted, which mainly comprises target prediction, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, network construction, gene ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis. 35 key targets were obtained and significantly associated with response to external stimuli, collagen binding, cyclin binding, organic acid binding, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis, and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. Both LASSO regression and the RF model had a high predictive ability, and 9 candidate genes were screened, among which BIRC5 and PLK1 were the key targets for the treatment of LUAD by using blister beetles and showed significant survival significance. Cantharidin exerts its antitumor effects through 8 targets in 32 pathways, while BIRC5 and PLK1 have obvious survival significance.
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Navitoclax Enhances the Therapeutic Effects of PLK1 Targeting on Lung Cancer Cells in 2D and 3D Culture Systems. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061209. [PMID: 35745782 PMCID: PMC9229367 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of antimitotics is limited by slippage, whereby treated cells arrested in mitosis exit mitosis without cell division and, eventually, escape apoptosis, constituting a serious resistance mechanism to antimitotics. Strategies to overcome slippage should potentiate the cancer cell killing activity of these antimitotics. Such strategies should accelerate cell death in mitosis before slippage. Here, we undertook a mechanistic analysis to test whether the apoptosis activator Navitoclax potentiates apoptosis triggered by the antimitotic BI2536, a potent inhibitor of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) with the goal of overcoming slippage. We found that cancer cells in 2D cultures treated with BI2536 alone accumulate in mitosis, but a significant fraction of arrested cells undergo slippage and survive. Remarkably, combining BI2536 with Navitoclax dramatically reduces slippage, shifting the cell fate to accelerated death in mitosis. The results are confirmed in 3D spheroids, a preclinical system that mimics in vivo tumor drug responses. Importantly, in 3D spheroids, the effect of the BI2536/Navitoclax combination requires a lower therapeutic dosage of each drug, underlying its potential to improve the therapeutic index. Our results highlight the relevance of apoptosis potentiators to circumvent slippage associated with antimitotics. The combination of BI2536 with Navitoclax shows in vitro synergy/additive effect, which warrants further clinical research.
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Kim CH, Kim DE, Kim DH, Min GH, Park JW, Kim YB, Sung CK, Yim H. Mitotic protein kinase-driven crosstalk of machineries for mitosis and metastasis. Exp Mol Med 2022; 54:414-425. [PMID: 35379935 PMCID: PMC9076678 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that mitotic protein kinases are involved in metastatic migration as well as tumorigenesis. Protein kinases and cytoskeletal proteins play a role in the efficient release of metastatic cells from a tumor mass in the tumor microenvironment, in addition to playing roles in mitosis. Mitotic protein kinases, including Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and Aurora kinases, have been shown to be involved in metastasis in addition to cell proliferation and tumorigenesis, depending on the phosphorylation status and cellular context. Although the genetic programs underlying mitosis and metastasis are different, the same protein kinases and cytoskeletal proteins can participate in both mitosis and cell migration/invasion, resulting in migratory tumors. Cytoskeletal remodeling supports several cellular events, including cell division, movement, and migration. Thus, understanding the contributions of cytoskeletal proteins to the processes of cell division and metastatic motility is crucial for developing efficient therapeutic tools to treat cancer metastases. Here, we identify mitotic kinases that function in cancer metastasis as well as tumorigenesis. Several mitotic kinases, namely, PLK1, Aurora kinases, Rho-associated protein kinase 1, and integrin-linked kinase, are considered in this review, as an understanding of the shared machineries between mitosis and metastasis could be helpful for developing new strategies to treat cancer. Improving understanding of the mechanisms linking cell division and cancer spread (metastasis) could provide novel strategies for treatment. A group of enzymes involved in cell division (mitosis) are also thought to play critical roles in the spread of cancers. Hyungshin Yim at Hanyang University in Ansan, South Korea, and co-workers in Korea and the USA reviewed the roles of several mitotic enzymes that are connected with metastasis as well as tumorigenesis. They discussed how these enzymes modify cytoskeletal proteins and other substrates during cancer progression. Some regulatory control of cell cytoskeletal structures is required for cancer cells to metastasize. Recent research has uncovered crosstalk between mitotic enzymes and metastatic cytoskeletal molecules in various cancers. Targeting mitotic enzymes and the ways they influence cytoskeletal mechanisms could provide valuable therapeutic strategies for suppressing metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Da-Eun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Dae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Ga-Hong Min
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Jung-Won Park
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Yeo-Bin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea
| | - Chang K Sung
- Department of Biological and Health Sciences, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, 15588, Korea.
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Pei Z, Ning J, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhang H, Zhang R. Genetic instability of lung induced by carbon black nanoparticles is related with Plk1 signals changes. NANOIMPACT 2022; 26:100400. [PMID: 35560285 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a possible carcinogen, carbon black has threatened public health. However, the evidences are insufficient and the mechanism of carcinogenesis is still not specified. Thirty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, namely 0, 5 and 30 mg/m3 Carbon Black nanoparticles (CBNPs) groups, respectively. Rats were treated with CBNPs by nose-only inhalation for 28 days, 6 h/day. The human bronchial epithelial (16HBE) cells were treated with 0, 50, 100 and 200 μg/mL CBNPs for 24 h. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) overexpression cell line was established by pcDNA3.1-PLK1 stable transfection. Our results showed that CBNPs exposure could induce DNA damage and genetic changes as well as apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. The DNA repair ability increased after CBNPs exposure. Cell cycle process was retarded at the G2/M phases in 16HBE cells after CBNPs treatment. The PLK1, ChK2 GADD45α and XRCC1 expression levels changed in rat lung and 16HBE cells after CBNPs treatment. Compared with NC 16HBE cells, DNA damage and repair, numbers of apoptotic cells and micronucleus (MN) rates, as well as the ChK2, GADD45α, XRCC1 expression levels decreased, whereas cytokinesis block proliferation index (CBPI) and replicative index (RI) increase in PLK overexpression (PLK+/+) cells after CBNPs treatment. This study highlighted that PLK1 related with the genetic toxicity of CBNPs in vitro and in vivo. Our results provided evidences supporting reclassification of carbon black as a human possible carcinogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Pei
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Helin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
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14
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Keep Calm and Carry on with Extra Centrosomes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020442. [PMID: 35053604 PMCID: PMC8774008 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precise chromosome segregation during mitosis is a vital event orchestrated by formation of bipolar spindle poles. Supernumerary centrosomes, caused by centrosome amplification, deteriorates mitotic processes, resulting in segregation defects leading to chromosomal instability (CIN). Centrosome amplification is frequently observed in various types of cancer and considered as a significant contributor to destabilization of chromosomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of causes and consequences of centrosome amplification thoroughly describing molecular mechanisms. Abstract Aberrations in the centrosome number and structure can readily be detected at all stages of tumor progression and are considered hallmarks of cancer. Centrosome anomalies are closely linked to chromosome instability and, therefore, are proposed to be one of the driving events of tumor formation and progression. This concept, first posited by Boveri over 100 years ago, has been an area of interest to cancer researchers. We have now begun to understand the processes by which these numerical and structural anomalies may lead to cancer, and vice-versa: how key events that occur during carcinogenesis could lead to amplification of centrosomes. Despite the proliferative advantages that having extra centrosomes may confer, their presence can also lead to loss of essential genetic material as a result of segregational errors and cancer cells must deal with these deadly consequences. Here, we review recent advances in the current literature describing the mechanisms by which cancer cells amplify their centrosomes and the methods they employ to tolerate the presence of these anomalies, focusing particularly on centrosomal clustering.
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Craig SN, Baxter M, Chapagai D, Stafford JM, Nurmemmedov E, Altomare D, Wyatt MD, McInnes C. Structure-activity and mechanistic studies of non-peptidic inhibitors of the PLK1 polo box domain identified through REPLACE. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 227:113926. [PMID: 34735919 PMCID: PMC9137042 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase involved in cell cycle regulation and mitotic progression. Studies have shown that PLK1 is upregulated in many tumors and high levels are adversely related to a poor prognosis. Knocking down or inhibiting PLK1 results in synthetic lethality in PTEN deficient prostate tumors and Kras mutant colorectal tumors, further validating PLK1 as an oncotarget. Substrate recognition by PLK1 occurs through the Polo-Box Domain (PBD), which is a phospho-peptide binding site also responsible for subcellular localization. Much effort has been directed to target this kinase therapeutically through the ATP-binding site, and a few such inhibitors have advanced to clinical trials however with limited clinical efficacy. Moreover, it has been shown that a point mutation in PLK1 (C67V) confers dramatic cellular resistance to catalytic site inhibitors. An alternative approach to target PLK1 potently and selectively is through the PBD to block its protein-protein interactions. Through the REPLACE strategy, for converting peptide inhibitors into more drug-like non peptidic compounds, a PBD targeting compound series ("ABBAs"), has been identified and the key determinants of potency and selectivity elucidated through structure-activity relationship studies. In cellular experiments, the ABBAs were shown to lead to profound effects on the cell cycle, to inhibit tumor proliferation and overcome resistance of cells expressing the PLK1 C67V mutant to ATP-based inhibitors. These non-ATP competitive inhibitors of PLK1 were also used chemical biology probes to investigate the gene regulatory effects of PLK1, known to act on transcription factors such as p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Craig
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Merissa Baxter
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Danda Chapagai
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Jessy M Stafford
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Diego Altomare
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Taysi S, Algburi FS, Mohammed Z, Ali OA, Taysi ME. Thymoquinone: A Review of Pharmacological Importance, Oxidative Stress, COVID-19, and Radiotherapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1847-1875. [PMID: 34983346 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220104151225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Widely consumed worldwide, Nigella sativa (NS) is a medicinal herb commonly used in various alternative medicine systems such as Unani and Tibb, Ayurveda, and Siddha. Recommended for regular use in Tibb-e-Nabwi (Prophetic Medicine), NS is considered one of the most notable forms of healing medicine in Islamic literature. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main component of the essential oil of NS, has been reported to have many properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antineoplastic. Its chemical structure indicates antiviral potential against many viruses, including the hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and other coronavirus diseases. Interestingly, molecular docking studies have demonstrated that TQ can potentially inhibit the development of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by binding to the receptor site on the transmembrane serine proteinase 2 (the activator enzyme that attaches the virus to the cell). In addition, TQ has been shown to be effective against cancer cells due to its inhibitory effect by binding to the different regions of MDM2, according to the proposed molecular docking study. Detailed in this review is the origin of TQ, its significance in alternative medicine, pharmacological value, potential as a cancer anti-proliferative agent, use against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and treatment of other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyithan Taysi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep
| | - Firas Shawqi Algburi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Tikrit University, Iraq
| | - Zaid Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry and Technology, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep
| | - Omeed Akbar Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical School, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep
| | - Muhammed Enes Taysi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical School, Bolu Izzet Baysal University- Bolu-Turkey
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17
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Raab M, Matthess Y, Raab CA, Gutfreund N, Dötsch V, Becker S, Sanhaji M, Strebhardt K. A dimerization-dependent mechanism regulates enzymatic activation and nuclear entry of PLK1. Oncogene 2022; 41:372-386. [PMID: 34759346 PMCID: PMC8755526 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a crucial regulator of cell cycle progression. It is established that the activation of PLK1 depends on the coordinated action of Aurora-A and Bora. Nevertheless, very little is known about the spatiotemporal regulation of PLK1 during G2, specifically, the mechanisms that keep cytoplasmic PLK1 inactive until shortly before mitosis onset. Here, we describe PLK1 dimerization as a new mechanism that controls PLK1 activation. During the early G2 phase, Bora supports transient PLK1 dimerization, thus fine-tuning the timely regulated activation of PLK1 and modulating its nuclear entry. At late G2, the phosphorylation of T210 by Aurora-A triggers dimer dissociation and generates active PLK1 monomers that support entry into mitosis. Interfering with this critical PLK1 dimer/monomer switch prevents the association of PLK1 with importins, limiting its nuclear shuttling, and causes nuclear PLK1 mislocalization during the G2-M transition. Our results suggest a novel conformational space for the design of a new generation of PLK1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yves Matthess
- Department of Gynecology, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christopher A Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niklas Gutfreund
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Dötsch
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Medical School, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) / German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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18
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Zhang X, Schuhmachers P, Mourão A, Giansanti P, Murer A, Thumann S, Kuklik‐Roos C, Beer S, Hauck SM, Hammerschmidt W, Küppers R, Kuster B, Raab M, Strebhardt K, Sattler M, Münz C, Kempkes B. PLK1-dependent phosphorylation restrains EBNA2 activity and lymphomagenesis in EBV-infected mice. EMBO Rep 2021; 22:e53007. [PMID: 34605140 PMCID: PMC8647151 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
While Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) establishes a life-long latent infection in apparently healthy human immunocompetent hosts, immunodeficient individuals are at particular risk to develop lymphoproliferative B-cell malignancies caused by EBV. A key EBV protein is the transcription factor EBV nuclear antigen 2 (EBNA2), which initiates B-cell proliferation. Here, we combine biochemical, cellular, and in vivo experiments demonstrating that the mitotic polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) binds to EBNA2, phosphorylates its transactivation domain, and thereby inhibits its biological activity. EBNA2 mutants that impair PLK1 binding or prevent EBNA2 phosphorylation are gain-of-function mutants. They exhibit enhanced transactivation capacities, accelerate the proliferation of infected B cells, and promote the development of monoclonal B-cell lymphomas in infected mice. Thus, PLK1 coordinates the activity of EBNA2 to attenuate the risk of tumor incidences in favor of the establishment of latency in the infected but healthy host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Patrick Schuhmachers
- Viral ImmunbiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - André Mourão
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- Department of ChemistryBavarian NMR CenterTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Anita Murer
- Viral ImmunbiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Sybille Thumann
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Cornelia Kuklik‐Roos
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Sophie Beer
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science and Metabolomics and Proteomics Core FacilityHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
| | - Ralf Küppers
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research)University Hospital EssenEssenGermany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass SpectrometryTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohann Wolfgang Goethe UniversityFrankfurt am MainGermany
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthNeuherbergGermany
- Department of ChemistryBavarian NMR CenterTechnical University of MunichGarchingGermany
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral ImmunbiologyInstitute of Experimental ImmunologyUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Bettina Kempkes
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenGerman Research Center for Environmental HealthMünchenGermany
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Alam P, Tyagi R, Farah MA, Rehman MT, Hussain A, AlAjmi MF, Siddiqui NA, Al-Anazi KM, Amin S, Mujeeb M, Mir SR. Cytotoxicity and molecular docking analysis of racemolactone I, a new sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Inula racemosa. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:941-952. [PMID: 35294328 PMCID: PMC8274518 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1946090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Traditionally, Inula racemosa Hook. f. (Asteraceae) has been reported to be effective in cancer treatment which motivated the authors to explore the plant for novel anticancer compounds. OBJECTIVE To isolate and characterize new cytotoxic phytoconstituents from I. racemosa roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS The column chromatography of I. racemosa ethyl acetate extract furnished a novel sesquiterpene lactone whose structure was established by NMR (1D/2D), ES-MS and its cytotoxic properties were assessed on HeLa, MDAMB-231, and A549 cell lines using MTT and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assays. Further, morphological changes were analyzed by flow cytometry, mitochondrial membrane potential, AO-EtBr dual staining, and comet assay. Molecular docking and simulation were performed using Glide and Desmond softwares, respectively, to validate the mechanism of action. RESULTS The isolated compound was identified as racemolactone I (compound 1). Amongst the cell lines tested, considerable changes were observed in HeLa cells. Compound 1 (IC50 = 0.9 µg/mL) significantly decreased cell viability (82%) concomitantly with high LDH release (76%) at 15 µg/mL. Diverse morphological alterations along with significant increase (9.23%) in apoptotic cells and decrease in viable cells were observed. AO-EtBr dual staining also confirmed the presence of 20% apoptotic cells. A gradual decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential was observed. HeLa cells showed significantly increased comet tail length (48.4 µm), indicating broken DNA strands. In silico studies exhibited that compound 1 binds to the active site of Polo-like kinase-1 and forms a stable complex. CONCLUSIONS Racemolactone I was identified as potential anticancer agent, which can further be confirmed by in vivo investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perwez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama Tyagi
- Phyto-Pharmaceutical Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Abul Farah
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md. Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Fahad AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasir Ali Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Saima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Mujeeb
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Showkat R. Mir
- Phyto-Pharmaceutical Research Lab, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Bian Y, Sui Q, Bi G, Zheng Y, Zhao M, Yao G, Xue L, Zhang Y, Fan H. Identification and Validation of a Proliferation-Associated Score Model Predicting Survival in Lung Adenocarcinomas. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:3219594. [PMID: 34721732 PMCID: PMC8554523 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3219594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study is aimed at building a risk model based on the genes that significantly altered the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma cells and exploring the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The data of 60 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines in the Cancer Dependency Map (Depmap) were used to identify the genes whose knockout led to dramatical acceleration or deacceleration of cell proliferation. Then, univariate Cox regression was performed using the survival data of 497 patients with lung adenocarcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) model was used to construct a risk prediction score model. Patients with lung adenocarcinoma from TCGA were classified into high- or low-risk groups based on the scores. The differences in clinicopathologic, genomic, and immune characteristics between the two groups were analyzed. The prognosis of the genes in the model was verified with immunohistochemical staining in 100 samples from the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, and the alteration in the proliferation rate was checked after these genes were knocked down in lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549 and H358). RESULTS A total of 55 genes were found to be significantly related to survival by combined methods, which were crucial to tumor progression in functional enrichment analysis. A six-gene-based risk prediction score, including the proteasome subunit beta type-6 (PSMB6), the heat shock protein family A member 9 (HSPA9), the deoxyuridine triphosphatase (DUT), the cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), the polo-like kinases 1 (PLK1), and the folate receptor beta 2 (FOLR2), was built using the LASSO method. The high-risk group classified with the score model was characterized by poor overall survival (OS), immune infiltration, and relatively higher mutation load. A total of 9864 differentially expressed genes and 138 differentially expressed miRNAs were found between the two groups. Also, a nomogram comparing score model, age, and the stage was built to predict OS for patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Using immunohistochemistry, the expression levels of PSMB6, HSPA9, DUT, CDK7, and PLK1 were found to be higher in lung adenocarcinoma tissues of patients, while the expression of FOLR2 was low, which was consistent with survival prediction. The knockdown of PSMB6 and HSPA9 by siRNA significantly downregulated the proliferation of A549 and H358 cells. CONCLUSION The proposed score model may function as a promising risk prediction tool for patients with lung adenocarcinoma and provide insights into the molecular regulation mechanism of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Bian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qihai Sui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoshu Bi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuansheng Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Zhou J, Yang Q, Lu L, Tuo Z, Shou Z, Cheng J. PLK1 Inhibition Induces Immunogenic Cell Death and Enhances Immunity against NSCLC. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3516-3525. [PMID: 34522178 PMCID: PMC8436107 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.60135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PLK1 inhibitors were shown, in vitro and in vivo, to possess inhibitory activities against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and such inhibition has been proven by clinical trials. However, it remains unclear whether and how the immune microenvironment is associated with the action. In this study, we found that inhibiting PLK1 could alter the tumor immune microenvironment by increasing DC maturation, and enriching T cells infiltration. PLK1 inhibitors, serving as immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers, indirectly activated DCs, instead of directly acting on DC cells, through the surface expression of costimulatory molecules on and enhanced phagocytosis by DCs. Furthermore, upon targeting PLK1, tumor cells that had undergone ICD were converted into an endogenous vaccine, which triggered the immune memory responses and protected the mice from tumor challenge. Collectively, these results suggested that the PLK1 inhibitor might function as an immune modulator in antitumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Qifan Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Lisen Lu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Tuo
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Zhexing Shou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, P. R. China
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22
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Network Pharmacological Analysis through a Bioinformatics Approach of Novel NSC765600 and NSC765691 Compounds as Potential Inhibitors of CCND1/ CDK4/ PLK1/ CD44 in Cancer Types. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112523. [PMID: 34063946 PMCID: PMC8196568 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Around 14 million new cancer cases, rate are reported annually, with high mortality worldswide, several mechanisms are associated with complexities in cancer, which leads to resistance to current therapeutic interventions in cancer patients. The aim of this study was to identify molecular genes responsible for cancer development, progression and resistances to therapeutic intervention, and also evaluate the potency of our novel compounds NSC7565600 and NSC765691 as potential target for these oncogenes. Using bioinformatics, we successfully identified CCND1/CDK4/PLK1/CD44 as oncogenic signatures, which drives cancer progression and resistance to treatment, and as potential druggable candidates for both NSC7565600 and NSC765691 small molecules. We also showed the antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of these compounds against a panel of NCI-60 cancer cell lines. This suggests the potential of NSC765600 and NSC765691 compounds to inhibit CCND1/CDK4/PLK1/CD44 expressions in cancer. Abstract Cyclin D1 (CCND1) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) both play significant roles in regulating cell cycle progression, while polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) regulates cell differentiation and tumor progression, and activates cancer stem cells (CSCs), with the cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) surface marker mostly being expressed. These oncogenes have emerged as promoters of metastasis in a variety of cancer types. In this study, we employed comprehensive computational and bioinformatics analyses to predict drug targets of our novel small molecules, NSC765600 and NSC765691, respectively derived from diflunisal and fostamatinib. The target prediction tools identified CCND1/CDK4/PLK1/CD44 as target genes for NSC765600 and NSC765691 compounds. Additionally, the results of our in silico molecular docking analysis showed unique ligand–protein interactions with putative binding affinities of NSC765600 and NSC765691 with CCND1/CDK4/PLK1/CD44 oncogenic signaling pathways. Moreover, we used drug-likeness precepts as our guidelines for drug design and development, and found that both compounds passed the drug-likeness criteria of molecular weight, polarity, solubility, saturation, flexibility, and lipophilicity, and also exhibited acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. Furthermore, we used development therapeutics program (DTP) algorithms and identified similar fingerprints and mechanisms of NSC765600 and NSC765691 with synthetic compounds and standard anticancer agents in the NCI database. We found that NSC765600 and NSC765691 displayed antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects against a panel of NCI-60 cancer cell lines. Based on these finding, NSC765600 and NSC765691 exhibited satisfactory levels of safety with regard to toxicity, and met all of the required criteria for drug-likeness precepts. Currently, further in vitro and in vivo investigations in tumor-bearing mice are in progress to study the potential treatment efficacies of the novel NSC765600 and NSC765691 small molecules.
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Kressin M, Fietz D, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Modelling the Functions of Polo-Like Kinases in Mice and Their Applications as Cancer Targets with a Special Focus on Ovarian Cancer. Cells 2021; 10:1176. [PMID: 34065956 PMCID: PMC8151477 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinases (PLKs) belong to a five-membered family of highly conserved serine/threonine kinases (PLK1-5) that play differentiated and essential roles as key mitotic kinases and cell cycle regulators and with this in proliferation and cellular growth. Besides, evidence is accumulating for complex and vital non-mitotic functions of PLKs. Dysregulation of PLKs is widely associated with tumorigenesis and by this, PLKs have gained increasing significance as attractive targets in cancer with diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic potential. PLK1 has proved to have strong clinical relevance as it was found to be over-expressed in different cancer types and linked to poor patient prognosis. Targeting the diverse functions of PLKs (tumor suppressor, oncogenic) are currently at the center of numerous investigations in particular with the inhibition of PLK1 and PLK4, respectively in multiple cancer trials. Functions of PLKs and the effects of their inhibition have been extensively studied in cancer cell culture models but information is rare on how these drugs affect benign tissues and organs. As a step further towards clinical application as cancer targets, mouse models therefore play a central role. Modelling PLK function in animal models, e.g., by gene disruption or by treatment with small molecule PLK inhibitors offers promising possibilities to unveil the biological significance of PLKs in cancer maintenance and progression and give important information on PLKs' applicability as cancer targets. In this review we aim at summarizing the approaches of modelling PLK function in mice so far with a special glimpse on the significance of PLKs in ovarian cancer and of orthotopic cancer models used in this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kressin
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Daniela Fietz
- Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany; (S.B.); (K.S.)
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
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Qiao Y, Pei Y, Luo M, Rajasekaran M, Hui KM, Chen J. Cytokinesis regulators as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for human hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1343-1354. [PMID: 33899543 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211008380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinesis, the final step of mitosis, is critical for maintaining the ploidy level of cells. Cytokinesis is a complex, highly regulated process and its failure can lead to genetic instability and apoptosis, contributing to the development of cancer. Human hepatocellular carcinoma is often accompanied by a high frequency of aneuploidy and the DNA ploidy pattern observed in human hepatocellular carcinoma results mostly from impairments in cytokinesis. Many key regulators of cytokinesis are abnormally expressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma, and their expression levels are often correlated with patient prognosis. Moreover, preclinical studies have demonstrated that the inhibition of key cytokinesis regulators can suppress the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the signaling networks regulating cytokinesis, the key cytokinesis regulators involved in the initiation and development of human hepatocellular carcinoma, and their applications as potential diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, P. R. China
| | - Yunxin Pei
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
| | - Miao Luo
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China
| | - Muthukumar Rajasekaran
- Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
| | - Kam M Hui
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jianxiang Chen
- Pharmacy Institute and Department of Hepatology, Institute of Hepatology and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine for Oncology, The affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province and Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, P. R. China.,Laboratory of Cancer Genomics, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610, Singapore
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25
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Jingushi K, Aoki M, Ueda K, Kogaki T, Tanimoto M, Monoe Y, Ando M, Matsumoto T, Minami K, Ueda Y, Kitae K, Hase H, Nagata T, Harada-Takeda A, Yamamoto M, Kawahara K, Tabata K, Furukawa T, Sato M, Tsujikawa K. ALKBH4 promotes tumourigenesis with a poor prognosis in non-small-cell lung cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8677. [PMID: 33883577 PMCID: PMC8060266 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87763-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human AlkB homolog family (ALKBH) of proteins play a critical role in some types of cancer. However, the expression and function of the lysine demethylase ALKBH4 in cancer are poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression and function of ALKBH4 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and found that ALKBH4 was highly expressed in NSCLC, as compared to that in adjacent normal lung tissues. ALKBH4 knockdown significantly induced the downregulation of NSCLC cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase of in vivo tumour growth. ALKBH4 knockdown downregulated E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) and its target gene expression in NSCLC cells. ALKBH4 and E2F1 expression was significantly correlated in NSCLC clinical specimens. Moreover, patients with high ALKBH4 expression showed a poor prognosis, suggesting that ALKBH4 plays a pivotal tumour-promoting role in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Jingushi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Masaya Aoki
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ueda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kogaki
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Tanimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Monoe
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ando
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Minami
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitae
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hase
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Nagata
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Aya Harada-Takeda
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tabata
- Human Pathology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masami Sato
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazutake Tsujikawa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Upregulation of Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 6-Like (ERCC6L) Promotes Tumor Growth in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:1097-1109. [PMID: 32347436 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excision repair cross-complementation group 6-like (ERCC6L) is overexpressed in some malignancies; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be further investigated. AIMS In the present study, we explored the expression and function of ERCC6L in HCC. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated the expression of ERCC6L by microarray analysis, using the Cancer Genome Atlas database, and by HCC tissue microarray. The results showed that ERCC6L expression was upregulated in tumor specimens and HCC cell lines. High ERCC6L expression in tumor tissues was significantly correlated with poor prognosis and could serve as an independent prognostic indicator for HCC patients. Results of in vitro and in vivo assays revealed that ERCC6L substantially promoted cell proliferation, and our flow cytometry analysis revealed that this was accomplished by acceleration of the G1/S transition. Finally, gene set enrichment analysis and western blotting results indicated that ERCC6L might regulate HCC proliferation by activating p53 signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that ERCC6L plays an important role in HCC proliferation and that it might serve as a promising therapeutic target in HCC.
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Shakeel I, Basheer N, Hasan GM, Afzal M, Hassan MI. Polo-like Kinase 1 as an emerging drug target: structure, function and therapeutic implications. J Drug Target 2021; 29:168-184. [PMID: 32886539 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1818760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a conserved mitotic serine-threonine protein kinase, functions as a regulatory protein, and is involved in the progression of the mitotic cycle. It plays important roles in the regulation of cell division, maintenance of genome stability, in spindle assembly, mitosis, and DNA-damage response. PLK1 is consist of a N-terminal serine-threonine kinase domain, and a C-terminal Polo-box domain (regulatory site). The expression of PLK1 is controlled by transcription repressor in the G1 stage and transcription activators in the G2 stage of the cell cycle. Overexpression of PLK1 results in undermining of checkpoints causes excessive cellular division resulting in abnormal cell growth, leading to the development of cancer. Blocking the expression of PLK1 by an antibody, RNA interference, or kinase inhibitors, causes a subsequent reduction in the proliferation of tumour cells and induction of apoptosis in tumour cells without affecting the healthy cells, suggesting an attractive target for drug development. In this review, we discuss detailed information on expression, gene and protein structures, role in different diseases, and progress in the design and development of PLK1 inhibitors. We have performed an in-depth analysis of the PLK1 inhibitors and their therapeutic implications with special focus to the cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilma Shakeel
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Neha Basheer
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Republic Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gulam Mustafa Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Afzal
- Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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28
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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A Recurrence-Specific Gene-Based Prognosis Prediction Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma through Machine Learning Algorithm. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:9124792. [PMID: 33224985 PMCID: PMC7669350 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9124792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background After curative surgical resection, about 30-75% lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients suffer from recurrence with dismal survival outcomes. Identification of patients with high risk of recurrence to impose intense therapy is urgently needed. Materials and Methods Gene expression data of LUAD were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were calculated by comparing the recurrent and primary tissues. Prognostic genes associated with the recurrence-free survival (RFS) of LUAD patients were identified using univariate analysis. LASSO Cox regression and multivariate Cox analysis were applied to extract key genes and establish the prediction model. Results We detected 37 DEGs between primary and recurrent LUAD tumors. Using univariate analysis, 31 DEGs were found to be significantly associated with RFS. We established the RFS prediction model including thirteen genes using the LASSO Cox regression. In the training cohort, we classified patients into high- and low-risk groups and found that patients in the high-risk group suffered from worse RFS compared to those in the low-risk group (P < 0.01). Concordant results were confirmed in the internal and external validation cohort. The efficiency of the prediction model was also confirmed under different clinical subgroups. The high-risk group was significantly identified as the risk factor of recurrence in LUAD by the multivariate Cox analysis (HR = 13.37, P = 0.01). Compared to clinicopathological features, our prediction model possessed higher accuracy to identify patients with high risk of recurrence (AUC = 96.3%). Finally, we found that the G2M checkpoint pathway was enriched both in recurrent tumors and primary tumors of high-risk patients. Conclusions Our recurrence-specific gene-based prognostic prediction model provides extra information about the risk of recurrence in LUAD, which is conducive for clinicians to conduct individualized therapy in clinic.
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Lang I, Liu D, Fritsch H, Taube T, Chizhikov E, Liptai B. Potential Drug-Drug Interactions with Combination Volasertib + Itraconazole: A Phase I, Fixed-sequence Study in Patients with Solid Tumors. Clin Ther 2020; 42:2214-2224. [PMID: 33139055 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This drug-drug interaction study determined whether the metabolism and distribution of the Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor, volasertib, is affected by co-administration of the P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P-450 3A4 inhibitor, itraconazole. METHODS This was an uncontrolled, open-label, fixed-sequence trial of two 21-day treatment cycles in patients with various solid tumors. In cycle 1 (test), eligible patients were administered volasertib (day 1) plus itraconazole (days -3 to 15). In cycle 2 (reference), patients received volasertib monotherapy. The primary end point was the influence of co-administration of itraconazole on the pharmacokinetic profile (AUC0-tz; Cmax) of volasertib and its main metabolite, CD 10899, compared with that of volasertib monotherapy. Other end points included tolerability and preliminary therapeutic efficacy. FINDINGS Concurrent administration of itraconazole resulted in a slight reduction in the AUC0-tz (geometric mean ratio, 93.6%; 90% CI, 82.1%-106.8%) and a 20% reduction in Cmax (geometric mean ratio, 79.4%; 90% CI, 64.9%-97.1%) of volasertib compared with monotherapy. Of note, concurrent administration of itraconazole + volasertib had no effect on the AUC0-∞ of volasertib. More patients reported at least one drug-related adverse event in cycle 1 than in cycle 2 (75% vs 71%). The most commonly reported drug-related adverse events (cycles 1 and 2) were thrombocytopenia (68% and 33%, respectively), leukopenia (50% and 46%), and anemia (36% and 33%). No objective responses were observed. Stable disease was observed in 25 of 28 patients (89%). IMPLICATIONS While there was no clear evidence of a pharmacokinetic interaction between volasertib and itraconazole, co-administration reduced the tolerability of volasertib. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01772563.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Lang
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istenhegyi Géndiagnosztika Private Health Center, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Dan Liu
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Holger Fritsch
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Tillmann Taube
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | | | - Bela Liptai
- PRA Health Sciences Hungary, Budapest, Hungary
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Cunningham CE, MacAuley MJ, Vizeacoumar FS, Abuhussein O, Freywald A, Vizeacoumar FJ. The CINs of Polo-Like Kinase 1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102953. [PMID: 33066048 PMCID: PMC7599805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many alterations specific to cancer cells have been investigated as targets for targeted therapies. Chromosomal instability is a characteristic of nearly all cancers that can limit response to targeted therapies by ensuring the tumor population is not genetically homogenous. Polo-like Kinase 1 (PLK1) is often up regulated in cancers and it regulates chromosomal instability extensively. PLK1 has been the subject of much pre-clinical and clinical studies, but thus far, PLK1 inhibitors have not shown significant improvement in cancer patients. We discuss the numerous roles and interactions of PLK1 in regulating chromosomal instability, and how these may provide an avenue for identifying targets for targeted therapies. As selective inhibitors of PLK1 showed limited clinical success, we also highlight how genetic interactions of PLK1 may be exploited to tackle these challenges. Abstract Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is overexpressed near ubiquitously across all cancer types and dysregulation of this enzyme is closely tied to increased chromosomal instability and tumor heterogeneity. PLK1 is a mitotic kinase with a critical role in maintaining chromosomal integrity through its function in processes ranging from the mitotic checkpoint, centrosome biogenesis, bipolar spindle formation, chromosome segregation, DNA replication licensing, DNA damage repair, and cytokinesis. The relation between dysregulated PLK1 and chromosomal instability (CIN) makes it an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, clinical trials with PLK1 inhibitors as cancer drugs have generally displayed poor responses or adverse side-effects. This is in part because targeting CIN regulators, including PLK1, can elevate CIN to lethal levels in normal cells, affecting normal physiology. Nevertheless, aiming at related genetic interactions, such as synthetic dosage lethal (SDL) interactions of PLK1 instead of PLK1 itself, can help to avoid the detrimental side effects associated with increased levels of CIN. Since PLK1 overexpression contributes to tumor heterogeneity, targeting SDL interactions may also provide an effective strategy to suppressing this malignant phenotype in a personalized fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E. Cunningham
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Mackenzie J. MacAuley
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Frederick S. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
| | - Omar Abuhussein
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
| | - Andrew Freywald
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
| | - Franco J. Vizeacoumar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (M.J.M.); (F.S.V.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2Z4, Canada;
- Cancer Research, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.); (A.F.); (F.J.V.); Tel.: +1-(306)-327-7864 (C.E.C.); +1-(306)-966-5248 (A.F.); +1-(306)-966-7010 (F.J.V.)
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SRCIN1 Regulated by circCCDC66/miR-211 Is Upregulated and Promotes Cell Proliferation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5307641. [PMID: 32964035 PMCID: PMC7501558 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5307641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of lung cancer were extremely high. The present study showed that SRCIN1 was an oncogene in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Public dataset analysis showed SRCIN1 was significantly overexpressed in NSCLC samples. Also, we found that NSCLC patients with higher SRCIN1 expression had shorter OS time by analyzing TCGA, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, GSE30219, GSE50081, and GSE19188 databases. Overexpression or knockdown of SRCIN1 significantly induced or reduced A549 and H1299 cell proliferation. Furthermore, we found SRCIN1 was directly targeted by miR-211. Overexpression or knockdown of miR-211 suppressed or induced SRCIN1 levels in NSCLC. Moreover, we found that miR-211 affected NSCLC cell proliferation through SRCIN1. Previous studies demonstrated that circRNAs could act as miRNA sponges in cancer cells. In this study, we showed that knockdown of circCCDC66 induced expression of miR-211. Luciferase assay demonstrated that miR-211 suppressed the activity of luciferase reporter-contained circCCDC66 sequences. Moreover, knockdown of circCCDC66 significantly inhibited SRCIN1 levels in both A549 and H1299 cells. These results showed that circCCDC66 acted as a miRNA sponge to affect the miR-211/SRCIN1 axis. Of note, we for the first time revealed that circCCDC66 suppression reduced cell proliferation by about 65% in A549 and by about 40% in H1299 cells. We thought this study could provide novel potential biomarkers for NSCLC.
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VanGenderen C, Harkness TAA, Arnason TG. The role of Anaphase Promoting Complex activation, inhibition and substrates in cancer development and progression. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:15818-15855. [PMID: 32805721 PMCID: PMC7467358 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Anaphase Promoting Complex (APC), a multi-subunit ubiquitin ligase, facilitates mitotic and G1 progression, and is now recognized to play a role in maintaining genomic stability. Many APC substrates have been observed overexpressed in multiple cancer types, such as CDC20, the Aurora A and B kinases, and Forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), suggesting APC activity is important for cell health. We performed BioGRID analyses of the APC coactivators CDC20 and CDH1, which revealed that at least 69 proteins serve as APC substrates, with 60 of them identified as playing a role in tumor promotion and 9 involved in tumor suppression. While these substrates and their association with malignancies have been studied in isolation, the possibility exists that generalized APC dysfunction could result in the inappropriate stabilization of multiple APC targets, thereby changing tumor behavior and treatment responsiveness. It is also possible that the APC itself plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis through its regulation of mitotic progression. In this review the connections between APC activity and dysregulation will be discussed with regards to cell cycle dysfunction and chromosome instability in cancer, along with the individual roles that the accumulation of various APC substrates may play in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordell VanGenderen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Troy Anthony Alan Harkness
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - Terra Gayle Arnason
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada.,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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Baxter M, Chapagai D, Craig S, Hurtado C, Varghese J, Nurmemmedov E, Wyatt MD, McInnes C. Peptidomimetic Polo-Box-Targeted Inhibitors that Engage PLK1 in Tumor Cells and Are Selective against the PLK3 Tumor Suppressor. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1058-1066. [PMID: 32232973 PMCID: PMC7703809 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The polo-box domain (PBD) of PLK1 determines mitotic substrate recognition and subcellular localization. Compounds that target PLK1 selectively are required due to the tumor-suppressor roles of PLK3. A structure-activity analysis of the PBD phosphopeptide binding motif has identified potent peptides that delineate the determinants required for mimicry by nonpeptidic inhibitors and provide insights into the structural basis for the selectivity of inhibitors for the PLK1 PBD. Fragment-ligated inhibitory peptides (FLIPs) obtained through REPLACE have been optimized to enhance in vitro binding and a systematic analysis of selectivity for PLK1 vs PLK3 has been carried out for peptides and peptidomimetics. Furthermore, these more drug-like non-ATP-competitive inhibitors had on-target engagement in a cellular context, as evidenced by stabilization of PLK1 in a thermal-shift assay and by inhibition of the phosphorylation of TCTP, a target of PLK1. Investigation in cells expressing a mutant PLK1 showed that these cells are sensitive to PBD inhibitors but dramatically resistant to clinically investigated ATP-competitive compounds. These results further validate targeting the PBD binding site in the move towards PLK1 inhibitors that are active against tumors resistant to ATP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merissa Baxter
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Present Address: NCI Shady Grove, Rockville, MD 20850-9702, USA
| | - Danda Chapagai
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Sandra Craig
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Cecilia Hurtado
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
- Present Address: University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Jessy Varghese
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Elmar Nurmemmedov
- John Wayne Cancer Institute and Pacific Neuroscience Institute Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Wyatt
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Campbell McInnes
- Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Kohansal M, Tang H, Xie X, Taghinezhad A, Ghanbariasad A. Circular RNAs as miRNA sponges in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review. MINERVA BIOTECNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.23736/s1120-4826.20.02604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Li Z, Yang C, Li X, Du X, Tao Y, Ren J, Fang F, Xie Y, Li M, Qian G, Xu L, Cao X, Wu Y, Lv H, Hu S, Lu J, Pan J. The dual role of BI 2536, a small-molecule inhibitor that targets PLK1, in induction of apoptosis and attenuation of autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:3274-3287. [PMID: 32231733 PMCID: PMC7097946 DOI: 10.7150/jca.33110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor in childhood with the overall 5 years' survival less than 40%. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase expressed during mitosis and over expressed in multiple cancers, including neuroblastoma. We found that higher PLK1 expression related to poor outcome of NB patients. BI2536, a small molecule inhibitor against PLK1, significantly reduced cell viability in a panel of NB cell lines, with IC50 less than 100 nM. PLK1 inhibition by BI 2536 treatment induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and cell apoptosis in NB cells. Realtime PCR array revealed the PLK1 inhibition related genes, such as BIRC7, TNFSF10, LGALS1 and DAD1 et al. Moreover, autophagy activity was investigated in the NB cells treated with BI 2536. BI 2536 treatment in NB cells increased LC3-II puncta formation and LC3-II expression. Formation of autophagosome induced by BI 2536 was observed by transmission electron microscopy. However, BI2536 abrogated the autophagic flux in NB cells by reducing SQSTM1/p62 expression and AMPKαT172 phosphorylation. These results provide new clues for the molecular mechanism of cell death induced by BI 2536 and suggest that BI 2536 may act as new candidate drug for neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiheng Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Chun Yang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 5th Hospital of Chinese PLA, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yanfang Tao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Junli Ren
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Mei Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Guanghui Qian
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Haitao Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215003, China
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Shin SB, Jang HR, Xu R, Won JY, Yim H. Active PLK1-driven metastasis is amplified by TGF-β signaling that forms a positive feedback loop in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:767-785. [PMID: 31548612 PMCID: PMC6976524 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1023-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Early findings that PLK1 is highly expressed in cancer have driven an exploration of its functions in metastasis. However, whether PLK1 induces metastasis in vivo and its underlying mechanisms in NSCLC have not yet been determined. Here, we show that the expression of active PLK1 phosphorylated at T210, abundant in TGF-β-treated lung cells, potently induced metastasis in a tail-vein injection model. Active PLK1 with intact polo-box and ATP-binding domains accelerated cell motility and invasiveness by triggering EMT reprogramming, whereas a phosphomimetic version of p-S137-PLK1 did not, indicating that the phosphorylation status of PLK1 may determine the cell traits. Active PLK1-driven invasiveness upregulated TGF-β signaling and TSG6 encoded by TNFAIP6. Loss of TNFAIP6 disturbed the metastatic activity induced by active PLK1 or TGF-β. Clinical relevance shows that PLK1 and TNFAIP6 are strong predictors of poor survival rates in metastatic NSCLC patients. Therefore, we suggest that active PLK1 promotes metastasis by upregulating TGF-β signaling, which amplifies its metastatic properties by forming a positive feedback loop and that the PLK1/TGF-β-driven metastasis is effectively blocked by targeting PLK1 and TSG6, providing PLK1 and TSG6 as negative markers for prognostics and therapeutic targets in metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Bi Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hay-Ran Jang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Won
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
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Radiosensitization of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells by the Plk1 Inhibitor Volasertib Is Dependent on the p53 Status. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121893. [PMID: 31795121 PMCID: PMC6966428 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a master regulator of mitotic cell division, is highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) making it an interesting drug target. We examined the in vitro therapeutic effects of volasertib, a Plk1 inhibitor, in combination with irradiation in a panel of NSCLC cell lines with different p53 backgrounds. Pretreatment with volasertib efficiently sensitized p53 wild type cells to irradiation. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that significantly more cells were arrested in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle after the combination therapy compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.005). No significant synergistic induction of apoptotic cell death was observed, but, importantly, significantly more senescent cells were detected when cells were pretreated with volasertib before irradiation compared to both monotherapies alone (p < 0.001), especially in cells with functional p53. Consequently, while most cells with functional p53 showed permanent growth arrest, more p53 knockdown/mutant cells could re-enter the cell cycle, resulting in colony formation and cell survival. Our findings assign functional p53 as a determining factor for the observed radiosensitizing effect of volasertib in combination with radiotherapy for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Ueda A, Oikawa K, Fujita K, Ishikawa A, Sato E, Ishikawa T, Kuroda M, Kanekura K. Therapeutic potential of PLK1 inhibition in triple-negative breast cancer. J Transl Med 2019; 99:1275-1286. [PMID: 30996295 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-019-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is responsible for significant number of breast cancer-associated deaths because of lacking of successful molecular-targeted therapy. To explore a therapeutic target for TNBC, we performed a siRNA-mediated knockdown screening and identified Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) as a potential therapeutic target for TNBC. Knockdown of PLK1 as well as a small compound inhibitor for PLK1, BI-2536, induced G2/M arrest and created polyploid cell population, shown by increased DNA content and nuclear size. Inhibition of PLK1 eventually triggered apoptosis in multiple TNBC cell lines. In addition, we confirmed that PLK1 was significantly overexpressed in the tissues from TNBC patients compared with the tissues of normal mammary glands and benign breast tumors. Our data indicated that PLK1 plays a pivotal role in the regulation of mitosis of TNBC cells. Although future in vivo studies are warranted, targeting PLK1 by a selective inhibitor such as BI-2536 can be an attractive molecular-targeted therapy for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Ueda
- Department of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Keiki Oikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Koji Fujita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Akio Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kuroda
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
| | - Kohsuke Kanekura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-1-1 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan.
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Kong Y, Yang L, Wei W, Lyu N, Zou Y, Gao G, Ou X, Xie X, Tang H. CircPLK1 sponges miR-296-5p to facilitate triple-negative breast cancer progression. Epigenomics 2019; 11:1163-1176. [PMID: 31337246 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the role of circRNAs in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and the underlying mechanisms. Materials & methods: We performed circRNA microarrays to explore the expression profiles of TNBC cell lines. Experiments in vitro and in vivo were conducted to explore the effects of circPLK1 on tumor proliferation and metastasis as well as the interaction between circPLK1, miR-296-5p and PLK1 in TNBC. Results & conclusion: CircPLK1 was significantly upregulated in TNBC and associated with poor survivals. CircPLK1 knockdown inhibited cell growth and invasion in vitro as well as tumor occurrence and metastasis in vivo. CircPLK1-miR-296-5p-PLK1 axis regulates tumor progression by ceRNA mechanism in TNBC, indicating that circPLK1 may serve as a prognostic factor and novel therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Kong
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weidong Wei
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Ning Lyu
- Department of Minimally Invasive Interventional Radiology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yutian Zou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guanfeng Gao
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xueqi Ou
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Xie
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hailin Tang
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine; Address: 651 East Dongfeng Road, Guangzhou, PR China
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41
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Min KI, Park S, Shin SH, Kwon YR, Kim HJ, Kim YJ. Enhanced polo-like kinase 1 expression in myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood Res 2019; 54:102-107. [PMID: 31309087 PMCID: PMC6614105 DOI: 10.5045/br.2019.54.2.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled cellular proliferation, and Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a key regulator of the cell cycle, is overexpressed in many cancers, including acute leukemia and lymphoma. However, the dynamics of PLK1 transcription in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the transcript dynamics of PLK1 and determine its role in the pathophysiology of MDS. Methods PLK1 mRNA obtained from the bone marrow samples of 67 patients with MDS, 16 patients with secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML), and 10 healthy controls were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR and compared according to various clinical parameters. Results The median PLK1 expression levels differed slightly, but not significantly, between MDS and sAML patients [661.21 (range, 29.38-8,987.31) vs. 1,462.05 (32.22-5,734.09), respectively], but were significantly higher (P<0.001) than the levels in the healthy controls [19.0 (1.60-49.90)]. Further analyses of PLK1 levels according to the WHO classification of MDS, prognostic risk groups, karyotype risk groups, marrow blast percentage, and depth of cytopenia did not reveal any significant associations. In patients progressing to sAML, PLK1 expression levels differed significantly according to the presence or absence of resistance to hypomethylation treatment (2,470.58 vs. 415.98, P=0.03). Conclusion PLK1 is upregulated in MDS patients; however, its role in the pathophysiology of MDS is unclear. Gene upregulation in cases with pharmacotherapeutic resistance warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Il Min
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Silvia Park
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Shin
- Department of Hematology, Yeoido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Rim Kwon
- Laboratory of Hematological Disease and Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Joung Kim
- Laboratory of Hematological Disease and Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Kim
- Laboratory of Hematological Disease and Immunology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Leukemia Research Institute, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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42
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Stratmann JA, Sebastian M. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibition in NSCLC: mechanism of action and emerging predictive biomarkers. LUNG CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2019; 10:67-80. [PMID: 31308774 PMCID: PMC6612950 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s177618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Due to often unspecific disease symptoms, locally advanced or metastatic disease is diagnosed in the majority of all cases. Palliative treatment options comprise of conventional cytotoxic agents, immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors and the use of specific small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, these TKIs are mainly restricted to a small proportion of patients with lung cancer that harbor activating driver mutations. Still, the effectiveness and favorable safety profile of these compounds have prompted a systematic search for specific driver mechanisms of tumorigenesis and moreover the development of corresponding kinase inhibitors. In recent years, the Polo-like kinase (PLK) family has emerged as a key regulator in mitotic regulation. Its role in cell proliferation and the frequently observed overexpression in various tumor entities have raised much interest in basic and clinical oncology aiming to attenuate tumor growth by targeting the PLK. In this review, we give a comprehensive summary on the (pre-) clinical development of the different types of PLK inhibitors in lung cancer and summarize their mechanisms of action, safety and efficacy data and give an overview on translational research aiming to identify predictive biomarkers for a rational use of PLK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Stratmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Sebastian
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Clinic of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
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43
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Shin SB, Woo SU, Yim H. Cotargeting Plk1 and androgen receptor enhances the therapeutic sensitivity of paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919846375. [PMID: 31156720 PMCID: PMC6515847 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919846375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: Despite the clinical success of taxanes, they still have limitations, such as chemoresistance. To overcome the limitations of paclitaxel, genetic alterations and targeting effects of altered genes were observed in paclitaxel-resistant cancer. Because paclitaxel-resistant cancer shows high levels of Plk1, a promising target in chemotherapy, the effectiveness of Plk1 inhibitors in paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells has been investigated. Methods: Paclitaxel-resistant cancer cells were developed by exposure of stepwise escalating levels of paclitaxel. Genetic alterations were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblotting. Using a cell viability assay, combined targeting effects for Plk1 and androgen receptor (AR) were determined. Clinical data were analyzed to understand the relationship between Plk1 and AR in prostate cancer patients. Results: Treatment with Plk1 inhibitors markedly reduced the expression of MDR1, MRP1, and Plk1 in the paclitaxel-resistant cancer. Among Plk1 inhibitors, genistein, recently found as a direct Plk1 inhibitor, tended to be more effective in the paclitaxel-resistant prostate cancer than the parental cancer cells, which was related to the suppression of the AR, as well as inhibition of Plk1 activity. A combination of Plk1 inhibitors and AR antagonist bicalutamide exhibited a synergistic effect in LNCaPTXR, as well as LNCaP cells, by inhibiting Plk1 and AR. Analysis of clinical data provides evidence for the relevance between Plk1 and AR in prostate cancer patients, showing that Plk1 and AR are strong predictors of poor survival rates. Conclusions: We suggest that cotargeting Plk1 and AR would be effective in advanced chemoresistant prostate cancer cells to overcome the limitations associated with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol-Bi Shin
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Sang-Uk Woo
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hyungshin Yim
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Korea
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44
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Raab M, Sanhaji M, Zhou S, Rödel F, El-Balat A, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Blocking Mitotic Exit of Ovarian Cancer Cells by Pharmaceutical Inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex Reduces Chromosomal Instability. Neoplasia 2019; 21:363-375. [PMID: 30851646 PMCID: PMC6407080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a frontline drug for the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, following paclitaxel-platinum based chemotherapy, tumor recurrence occurs in most ovarian cancer patients. Chromosomal instability (CIN) is a hallmark of cancer and represents genetic variation fueling tumor adaptation to cytotoxic effects of anticancer drugs. In this study, our Kaplan-Meier analysis including 263 ovarian cancer patients (stages I/II) revealed that high Polo-like kinase (PLK) 1 expression correlates with bad prognosis. To evaluate the role of PLK1 as potential cancer target within a combinatorial trial, we induced strong mitotic arrest in ovarian cancer cell lines by synergistically co-targeting microtubules (paclitaxel) and PLK1 (BI6727) followed by pharmaceutical inhibition of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC/C) using proTAME. In short- and long-term experiments, this triple treatment strongly activated apoptosis in cell lines and primary ovarian cells derived from cancer patients. Mechanistically, BI6727/paclitaxel/proTAME stabilize Cyclin B1 and trigger mitotic arrest, which initiates mitochondrial apoptosis by inactivation of antiapoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, followed by activation of caspase-dependent effector pathways. This triple treatment prevented endoreduplication and reduced CIN, two mechanisms that are associated with aggressive tumors and the acquisition of drug resistance. This "two-punch strategy" (strong mitotic arrest followed by blocking mitotic exit) has important implications for developing paclitaxel-based combinatorial treatments in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Mourad Sanhaji
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Shengtao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Goethe University; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) / German Cancer Research Center, partner site, Frankfurt a. M
| | - Ahmed El-Balat
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) / German Cancer Research Center, partner site, Frankfurt a. M..
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45
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Moison C, Lavallée VP, Thiollier C, Lehnertz B, Boivin I, Mayotte N, Gareau Y, Fréchette M, Blouin-Chagnon V, Corneau S, Lavallée S, Lemieux S, Marinier A, Hébert J, Sauvageau G. Complex karyotype AML displays G2/M signature and hypersensitivity to PLK1 inhibition. Blood Adv 2019; 3:552-563. [PMID: 30782614 PMCID: PMC6391664 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia with complex karyotype (CK AML) have an adverse prognosis using current therapies, especially when accompanied by TP53 alterations. We hereby report the RNA-sequencing analysis of the 68 CK AML samples included in the Leucegene 415 patient cohort. We confirm the frequent occurrence of TP53 alterations in this subgroup and further characterize the allele expression profile and transcript alterations of this gene. We also document that the RAS pathway (N/KRAS, NF1, PTPN11, BRAF) is frequently altered in this disease. Targeted chemical interrogation of genetically characterized primary CK AML samples identifies polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitors as the most selective agents for this disease subgroup. TP53 status did not alter sensitivity to PLK1 inhibitors. Interestingly, CK AML specimens display a G2/M transcriptomic signature that includes higher expression levels of PLK1 and correlates with PLK1 inhibition sensitivity. Together, our results highlight vulnerability in CK AML. In line with these in vitro data, volasertib shows a strong anti-AML activity in xenotransplantation mouse models of human adverse AML. Considering that PLK1 inhibitors are currently being investigated clinically in AML and myelodysplastic syndromes, our results provide a new rationale for PLK1-directed therapy in patients with adverse cytogenetic AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Moison
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent-Philippe Lavallée
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Clarisse Thiollier
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernhard Lehnertz
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Boivin
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Nadine Mayotte
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Gareau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fréchette
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Valérie Blouin-Chagnon
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Corneau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lavallée
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
| | - Sébastien Lemieux
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Computer Science and Operations Research and
| | - Anne Marinier
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Josée Hébert
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Guy Sauvageau
- The Leucegene Project at Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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46
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Inhibition of Polo-like Kinase 1 Prevents the Male Pronuclear Formation Via Alpha-tubulin Recruiting in In Vivo-fertilized Murine Embryos. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL REPRODUCTION AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.12750/jet.2018.33.4.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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47
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Zhang G, Yu Z, Fu S, Lv C, Dong Q, Fu C, Kong C, Zeng Y. ERCC6L that is up-regulated in high grade of renal cell carcinoma enhances cell viability in vitro and promotes tumor growth in vivo potentially through modulating MAPK signalling pathway. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 26:323-333. [PMID: 30459398 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which is one of the most diagnosed urological malignancies worldwide, is usually associated with abnormality in both genetic and cellular processes. In the present study, through analyzing The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset, we screened out ERCC6L as a candidate gene that is potentially related to the development of RCC based on its increased expression in ccRCC tissues compared with normal kidney tissues as well as its possible relevance to cancer prognosis. Evidence indicates that ERCC6L is an indispensable component of mammalian cell mitosis, while it fails to disclose the role of ERCC6L in tumorigenesis. By using RT-PCR, it was confirmed that the mRNA expression of ERCC6L was upregulated in RCC tissues as compared to normal controls in 28 pared samples. In addition, the immunohistochemistry study in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 150 ccRCC samples showed that the staining score of ERCC6L was positively correlated with the Fuhrman grade of cancers. Next, when the expression of ERCC6L was lowered by specific shRNA, the cell viability was significantly inhibited in 786-O and Caki-1 cells, while the apoptosis was induced accordingly. At the same time, RCC cells those were transfected with shRNA targeting to ERCC6L grew significantly slower than parental cells in immunodeficient mice. These results consistently suggest that ERCC6L may play a role in regulating the cell viability of RCC both in vitro and in vivo. Further, gene expression microarray analysis followed by the validating western blot after knocking down ERCC6L expression in 786-O cells highlighted the involvement of MAPK signaling pathway in regulation of ERCC6L on cellular process of RCC. In conclusion, the present study suggests a likely promoting role of ERCC6L on the development of RCC. Thus, further study to explore the potential utility of ERCC6L as a novel therapeutic target of RCC is clearly needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gejun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China.,Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Zi Yu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China.,Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Shui Fu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China
| | - Chengcheng Lv
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China
| | - Qingzhuo Dong
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China
| | - Cheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110042, China.
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48
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Wang Y, Wu L, Yao Y, Lu G, Xu L, Zhou J. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor BI 6727 induces DNA damage and exerts strong antitumor activity in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 436:1-9. [PMID: 30118839 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is poor despite its good initial response to chemotherapy. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a crucial mitotic regulator that is overexpressed in many tumors, and its overexpression is associated with tumor aggressiveness and a poor prognosis. However, its role in SCLC is still poorly characterized. Based on immunohistochemistry findings, the PLK1 protein is expressed at higher levels in SCLC tumor samples than in normal lung tissue samples. The selective PLK1 inhibitor BI 6727 significantly induced the inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in SCLC cell lines. FACS analysis showed an increase in the population of cells in the G2/M phase, followed by DNA damage and the consequent activation of the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR)/ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-Chk1/Chk2 checkpoint pathway. In addition, BI 6727 treatment resulted in clearly attenuated growth and apoptosis in NCI-H446 xenografts. The level of histone H2AX phosphorylation at serine-139 (γH2AX) was markedly increased both in vitro and in vivo. Our findings indicate that BI 6727 has therapeutic potential for SCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linying Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinan Yao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liming Xu
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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49
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Pearson RJ, Blake DG, Mezna M, Fischer PM, Westwood NJ, McInnes C. The Meisenheimer Complex as a Paradigm in Drug Discovery: Reversible Covalent Inhibition through C67 of the ATP Binding Site of PLK1. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1107-1116.e4. [PMID: 30017915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The polo kinase family are important oncology targets that act in regulating entry into and progression through mitosis. Structure-guided discovery of a new class of inhibitors of Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) catalytic activity that interact with Cys67 of the ATP binding site is described. Compounds containing the benzothiazole N-oxide scaffold not only bind covalently to this residue, but are reversible inhibitors through the formation of Meisenheimer complexes. This mechanism of kinase inhibition results in compounds that can target PLK1 with high selectivity, while avoiding issues with irreversible covalent binding and interaction with other thiol-containing molecules in the cell. Due to renewed interest in covalent drugs and the plethora of potential drug targets, these represent prototypes for the design of kinase inhibitory compounds that achieve high specificity through covalent interaction and yet still bind reversibly to the ATP cleft, a strategy that could be applied to avoid issues with conventional covalent binders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell J Pearson
- School of Pharmacy, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK; Department of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK
| | - David G Blake
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK
| | - Mokdad Mezna
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK
| | - Peter M Fischer
- School of Pharmacy and Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | | | - Campbell McInnes
- Cyclacel Ltd., James Lindsay Place, Dundee DD1 5JJ, UK; Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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50
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AlAjmi MF, Rehman MT, Hussain A, Rather GM. Pharmacoinformatics approach for the identification of Polo-like kinase-1 inhibitors from natural sources as anti-cancer agents. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 116:173-181. [PMID: 29738867 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK-1) plays a key role in cell cycle progression during mitosis. Overexpression/dysfunction of PLK-1 is directly associated with cancerous transformation and has been reported in different cancer types. Here, we employed high throughput virtual screening and molecular docking to screen Selleck's natural compound library against PLK-1 kinase domain. We have identified eight bioactive compounds (Apigenin, Dihydromyricetin, Diosmetin, Hesperidin, Hesperitin, Naringenin, Phlorizi, and Quercetin) as the potential inhibitors of PLK-1. Further investigation through Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Surface Area (MM-GBSA) calculations and 15 ns molecular dynamics simulation revealed that hesperidin formed the most stable complex with PLK-1 kinase domain. Altogether, our results indicate that hesperidin interacted strongly with the key residues of the PLK-1 active site (such as Leu59, Lys61, Lys82, Cys133, Asn181, Asp194, Leu59, Cys67, Ala80, Val114, Leu130, Leu132, Cys133, Leu139, Phe183, and Phe195) through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The Hesperidin-PLK-1 complex was stabilized by Gibb's free energy of -13.235 kcal/mol which corresponded to the binding affinity of 5.095 × 109 M-1. This is the first study wherein hesperidin has been identified as a potential inhibitor of PLK-1. Further design and optimization of the hesperidin scaffold as an inhibitor of PLK-1 kinase domain is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed F AlAjmi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Tabish Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Afzal Hussain
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gulam Mohmad Rather
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick 08901, NJ, USA
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