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Cai X, Dai Y, Gao P, Ren G, Cheng D, Wang B, Wang Y, Yu J, Du Y, Wang X, Xue B. LncRNA CCAT1 promotes prostate cancer cells proliferation, migration, and invasion through regulation of miR-490-3p/FRAT1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18527-18544. [PMID: 34319909 PMCID: PMC8351697 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent cancer in males, with high incidence and mortality. Recent studies have shown the crucial role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in PCa. Here, we aimed to explore the functional roles and inner mechanisms of lncRNA CCAT1 in PCa cells. qRT-PCR results showed that CCAT1 was upregulated in PCa tissues and cells. Functional assays demonstrated that CCAT1 knockdown suppressed cell proliferation, migration, invasion, yet promoted apoptosis, while CCAT1 promotion showed the opposite results. We also found that CCAT1 negatively regulated miR-490-3p expression and subsequently regulated FRAT1 expression. Inhibition of miR-490-3p or up-regulation of FRAT1 reversed the suppressive effects of CCAT1 knockdown on the PCa cells. In conclusion, CCAT1 regulated FRAT1 expression through miR-490-3p and then promote the PCa cells proliferation, migration, and invasion, which reveals the oncogenic function of CCAT1 in PCa progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Cai
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiheng Dai
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanyu Ren
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, Yangpu, China
| | - Dingcai Cheng
- Department of Urology, Taixing People's Hospital, Taixing 225400, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiheng Du
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xizhi Wang
- Department of Urology, Suzhou Kowloon Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Suzhou 215021, Jiangsu, China
| | - Boxin Xue
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu, China
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Guo G, Wang S, Hao Y, Ren Y, Wu Y, Zhang J, Liu D. STAT1 is a modulator of the expression of frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas 1 expression in U251 cells. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:248-256. [PMID: 32565951 PMCID: PMC7285825 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas 1 (FRAT1) contributes to poor prognosis in a number of carcinomas. However, its role in glioma remains controversial. In the present study, gene expression profiling was performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Gene Ontology (GO) functional enrichment and ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to evaluate the differential expression of genes and proteins in FRAT1 knockdown U251 glioma cells in comparison with the control. Western blot analysis was conducted to assess the expression levels of FRAT1 and STAT1. A total of 895 downregulated genes were identified in FRAT1-silenced U251 cells. The most enriched processes determined by GO and KEGG analysis of the 895 differentially expressed genes were associated with proliferation, migration and invasion. According to IPA, significant canonical pathways, including the interferon, hepatic fibrosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, were identified to be the major enriched pathways. The elevated expression of STAT1 in U251 cells was validated. These results highlighted the regulatory role of FRAT1 in glioma cells with upregulated STAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Shule Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Yining Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Yeqing Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030000, P.R. China
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Lichawska-Cieslar A, Pietrzycka R, Ligeza J, Kulecka M, Paziewska A, Kalita A, Dolicka DD, Wilamowski M, Miekus K, Ostrowski J, Mikula M, Jura J. RNA sequencing reveals widespread transcriptome changes in a renal carcinoma cell line. Oncotarget 2018; 9:8597-8613. [PMID: 29492220 PMCID: PMC5823589 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We used RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology to investigate changes in the transcriptome profile in the Caki-1 clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells, which overexpress monocyte chemoattractant protein-induced protein 1 (MCPIP1). RNA-Seq data showed changes in 11.6% and 41.8% of the global transcriptome of Caki-1 cells overexpressing wild-type MCPIP1 or its D141N mutant, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway functional analyses showed that these transcripts encoded proteins involved in cell cycle progression, protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, hypoxia response and cell signalling. We identified 219 downregulated transcripts in MCPIP1-expressing cells that were either unchanged or upregulated in D141N-expressing cells. We validated downregulation of 15 transcripts belonging to different functional pathways by qRT-PCR. The growth and viability of MCPIP1-expressing cells was reduced because of elevated p21Cip1 levels. MCPIP1-expressing cells also showed reduced levels of DDB1 transcript that encodes component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase that degrades p21Cip1. These results demonstrate that MCPIP1 influences the growth and viability of ccRCC cells by increasing or decreasing the transcript levels for proteins involved in cell cycle progression, protein folding, hypoxia response, and cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Lichawska-Cieslar
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roza Pietrzycka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz Ligeza
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Kulecka
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paziewska
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kalita
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dobrochna D. Dolicka
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wilamowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Miekus
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy Ostrowski
- Departments of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Mikula
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Jura
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Zhang W, Xiong H, Zou Y, Xu S, Quan L, Yuan X, Xu N, Wang Y. Frequently rearranged in advanced T‑cell lymphomas‑1 demonstrates oncogenic properties in prostate cancer. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3551-8. [PMID: 27599661 PMCID: PMC5042777 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer-associated mortality for males worldwide. Although dysregulation of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) pathway has been previously reported in prostate cancer, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unknown. Frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas-1 (FRAT1) functions as a positive regulator of the β-catenin/TCF signaling pathway. However, to the best of our knowledge, the molecular association between FRAT1 and the β-catenin/TCF pathway in prostate cancer has not been investigated. In the present study, FRAT1 expression was analyzed in normal prostate tissues and prostate adenocarcinoma samples using publicly available databases, a commercial tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry techniques. In addition, FRAT1 expression levels were altered by overexpression or RNA interference-mediated depletion in prostate cancer cells. The effects of FRAT1 expression on tumor growth were determined using cell growth curves in vitro and xenografts in nude mice in vivo. The effects of FRAT1 on β-catenin/TCF activity were measured using the TOPFLASH reporter assay. FRAT1 was expressed exclusively in the nuclei of normal prostate basal cells, and nuclear FRAT1 was detected in 68% (40/59) of prostate adenocarcinoma samples. In addition, FRAT1 activated the TCF luciferase reporter gene promoter in prostate cancer cells, and was observed to promote the growth of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, FRAT1 expression was sufficient to transform NIH3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and lead to tumor formation in vivo. These results suggest that FRAT1 demonstrates oncogenic properties in prostate cancer, potentially by suppressing the inhibitory effect of nuclear glycogen synthase 3β against β-catenin/TCF activity, thus activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and promoting cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, P.R. China
| | - Hua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yanmei Zou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Sanpeng Xu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lanping Quan
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ningzhi Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, P.R. China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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5
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Yu Q, Shang LU, Yu H, Yang Z, Xu D. Silencing of FRAT1 by siRNA inhibits the proliferation of SGC7901 human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:223-226. [PMID: 26893843 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequently rearranged in advanced T cell lymphomas-1 (FRAT1) positively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase-3 mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin. FRAT1 is a proto-oncogene, implicated in tumorigenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of FRAT1 silencing on the proliferation and apoptosis of SGC7901 cells. FRAT1 in SGC7901 cells was silenced by RNA interference. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used for the analysis of FRAT1 mRNA and western blotting was used to evaluate FRAT1 and β-catenin protein levels. Cell proliferation was analyzed by the MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of FRAT1 mRNA, FRAT1 and β-catenin protein in FRAT1-silenced SGC7901 cells were reduced significantly compared to untreated cells. The proliferation of FRAT1 silenced SGC7901 cells decreased significantly The FRAT1 silenced SGC7901 cells were arrested at G0/G1 stage to a greater degree, and apoptosis was increased. In summary, silencing of FRAT1 inhibits SGC7901 cell proliferation and induces apoptosis, possible through a reduction in β-catenin expression. FRAT1 may serve as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggong Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - L U Shang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Zirong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Dekui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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Yuan Y, Yang Z, Miao X, Li D, Liu Z, Zou Q. The clinical significance of FRAT1 and ABCG2 expression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9961-8. [PMID: 26178481 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3752-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor with intrinsic resistance to cytotoxic agents. The molecular mechanisms associated with high malignancy and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the clinicopathological significances of frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas-1 (FRAT1) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) expression in PDAC. FRAT1 and ABCG2 protein expression in 106 PDAC, 35 peritumoral tissues, 55 benign pancreatic tissues, and 13 normal pancreatic tissues was measured by immunohistochemistry. FRAT1 and ABCG2 protein was overexpressed in PDAC tumors compared to peritumoral tissues, benign pancreatic tissues, and normal pancreatic tissues (P < 0.01). The percentage of cases with positive FRAT1 and ABCG2 overexpression was significantly higher in PDAC patients with poor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, invasion, and TNM stage III/IV disease than in patients with well-differentiated tumor, no lymph node metastasis and invasion, and TNM stage I/II disease (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In pancreatic tissues with benign lesions, tissues with positive FRAT1 and ABCG2 protein expression exhibited dysplasia or intraepithelial neoplasia. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that PDAC patients with positive FRAT1 and ABCG2 expression survived significantly shorter than patients with negative FRAT1 and ABCG2 expression (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001). Cox multivariate analysis revealed that positive FRAT1 and ABCG2 expression was an independent poor prognosis factor in PDAC patients. FRAT1 and ABCG2 overexpression is associated with carcinogenesis, progression, and poor prognosis in patients with PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiongying Miao
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daiqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziru Liu
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, People's Republic of China
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Aguirre E, Renner O, Narlik-Grassow M, Blanco-Aparicio C. Genetic Modeling of PIM Proteins in Cancer: Proviral Tagging and Cooperation with Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor Genes, and Carcinogens. Front Oncol 2014; 4:109. [PMID: 24860787 PMCID: PMC4030178 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The PIM proteins, which were initially discovered as proviral insertion sites in Moloney-murine leukemia virus infection, are a family of highly homologous serine/threonine kinases that have been reported to be overexpressed in hematological malignancies and solid tumors. The PIM proteins have also been associated with metastasis and overall treatment responses and implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, metabolism, the cell cycle, and homing and migration, which makes these proteins interesting targets for anti-cancer drug discovery. The use of retroviral insertional mutagenesis and refined approaches such as complementation tagging has allowed the identification of myc, pim, and a third group of genes (including bmi1 and gfi1) as complementing genes in lymphomagenesis. Moreover, mouse modeling of human cancer has provided an understanding of the molecular pathways that are involved in tumor initiation and progression at the physiological level. In particular, genetically modified mice have allowed researchers to further elucidate the role of each of the Pim isoforms in various tumor types. PIM kinases have been identified as weak oncogenes because experimental overexpression in lymphoid tissue, prostate, and liver induces tumors at a relatively low incidence and with a long latency. However, very strong synergistic tumorigenicity between Pim1/2 and c-Myc and other oncogenes has been observed in lymphoid tissues. Mouse models have also been used to study whether the inhibition of specific PIM isoforms is required to prevent carcinogen-induced sarcomas, indicating that the absence of Pim2 and Pim3 greatly reduces sarcoma growth and bone invasion; the extent of this effect is similar to that observed in the absence of all three isoforms. This review will summarize some of the animal models that have been used to understand the isoform-specific contribution of PIM kinases to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enara Aguirre
- Biology Section, Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Oliver Renner
- Biology Section, Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Maja Narlik-Grassow
- Biology Section, Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) , Madrid , Spain
| | - Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Biology Section, Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) , Madrid , Spain
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Guo G, Kuai D, Cai S, Xue N, Liu Y, Hao J, Fan Y, Jin J, Mao X, Liu B, Zhong C, Zhang X, Yue Y, Liu X, Ma N, Guo Y. Knockdown of FRAT1 expression by RNA interference inhibits human glioblastoma cell growth, migration and invasion. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61206. [PMID: 23613813 PMCID: PMC3629175 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND FRAT1 positively regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of β-catenin. It was originally characterized as a protein frequently rearranged in advanced T cell lymphoma, but has recently also been identified as a proto-oncogene involved in tumorigenesis. Our previous studies showed that FRAT1 was dramatically overexpressed in gliomas and its expression level was significantly increased along with clinicopathological grades. METHODS In the current study, we used RT-PCR and Western blotting to assess the mRNA and protein levels of FRAT1 in three glioma cell lines. In addition, to evaluate its functional role in gliomas, we examined the effects of FRAT1 knockdown on proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and tumor growth in vivo using glioblastoma U251 cells and RNAi. RESULTS FRAT1 was highly expressed in all three glioma cell lines. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of endogenous FRAT1 in human glioblastoma U251 cells resulted in suppression of cell proliferation, arrest of cell cycle, inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro. Moreover, FRAT1 depletion significantly impaired tumor xenograft growth in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the potential role of FRAT1 in tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma. These findings provide a biological basis for FRAT1 as a potential molecular marker for improved pathological grading and as a novel candidate therapeutic target for glioblastoma management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Kuai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sang Cai
- Institute of Neurosurgery, No.101 Hospital of PLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Naizhao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiehe Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimin Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji Jin
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, PLA 254 Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Zhong
- Clinical Pharmacological Center, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanxi’s General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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9
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Blanco-Aparicio C, Carnero A. Pim kinases in cancer: diagnostic, prognostic and treatment opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 85:629-643. [PMID: 23041228 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PIM proteins belong to a family of ser/thr kinases composed of 3 members, PIM1, PIM2 and PIM3, with greatly overlapping functions. PIM kinases are mainly responsible for cell cycle regulation, antiapoptotic activity and the homing and migration of receptor tyrosine kinases mediated via the JAK/STAT pathway. PIM kinases have been found to be upregulated in many hematological malignancies and solid tumors. Although these kinases have been described as weak oncogenes, they are heavily targeted for anticancer drug discovery. The present review summarizes the discoveries made to date regarding PIM kinases as driving oncogenes in the process of tumorigenesis and their validation as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Blanco-Aparicio
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amancio Carnero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), HUVR/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Spain.
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Overexpression of Frat1 correlates with malignant phenotype and advanced stage in human non-small cell lung cancer. Virchows Arch 2011; 459:255-63. [DOI: 10.1007/s00428-011-1135-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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The expression profile of FRAT1 in human gliomas. Brain Res 2010; 1320:152-8. [PMID: 20096670 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FRAT1 was originally characterized as a protein frequently rearranged in advanced T cell lymphoma, which inhibits GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation of beta-catenin and positively regulates the Wnt signaling pathway. FRAT1 has been identified as a proto-oncogene involved in tumorigenesis. Previous studies have shown that FRAT1 is strikingly overexpressed in some human cancers. However, the relationship between FRAT1 and human gliomas is unclear. In this study, we detected the expression of FRAT1 in human gliomas by immunohistochemistry, Western blot and RT-PCR. FRAT1 was found to be specifically expressed in the majority of glioma samples, and their expression levels increased markedly with the increase of WHO grades. In addition, there was a positive correlation between FRAT1 immunoreactivity score (IRS) and beta-catenin IRS. Our results suggest that FRAT1 may be an important factor in the tumorigenesis and progression of gliomas, and could be used as a potential molecular marker for pathological diagnosis and a target for biological therapy.
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12
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Guo G, Liu B, Zhong C, Zhang X, Mao X, Wang P, Jiang X, Huo J, Jin J, Liu X, Chen X. FRAT1 expression and its correlation with pathologic grade, proliferation, and apoptosis in human astrocytomas. Med Oncol 2009; 28:1-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-009-9402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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van Amerongen R, Nawijn MC, Lambooij JP, Proost N, Jonkers J, Berns A. Frat oncoproteins act at the crossroad of canonical and noncanonical Wnt-signaling pathways. Oncogene 2009; 29:93-104. [PMID: 19802005 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Wnt-signal transduction is critical for development and tissue homeostasis in a wide range of animal species and is frequently deregulated in human cancers. Members of the Frat/GBP family of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (Gsk3b)-binding oncoproteins are recognized as potent activators of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in vertebrates. Here, we reveal a novel, Gsk3b-independent function of Frat converging on the activation of JNK and AP-1. Both these have been used as readouts for the noncanonical Frizzled/PCP pathway, which controls polarized cell movements and the establishment of tissue polarity. We find that Frat synergizes with Diversin, the mammalian homolog of the Drosophila PCP protein diego, in the activation of JNK/AP-1 signaling. Importantly, Frat mutants deficient for binding to Gsk3b retain oncogenic activity in vivo, suggesting that Wnt/beta-catenin-independent events contribute to Frat-induced malignant transformation. The observed activities of Frat are reminiscent of the dual function of Dishevelled in the Wnt/beta-catenin and Frizzled/PCP pathways and suggest that Frat may also function to bridge canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- R van Amerongen
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Wang Y, Liu S, Zhu H, Zhang W, Zhang G, Zhou X, Zhou C, Quan L, Bai J, Xue L, Lu N, Xu N. FRAT1overexpression leads to aberrant activation of β-catenin/TCF pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 123:561-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Mallouk A, Pham PTT, Pham PCT. Concurrent FSGS and Hodgkin's lymphoma: case report and literature review on the link between nephrotic glomerulopathies and hematological malignancies. Clin Exp Nephrol 2006; 10:284-9. [PMID: 17186334 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-006-0437-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2006] [Accepted: 08/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between the nephrotic syndrome (NS) and malignancy was first described in 1922. In solid tumors, the NS is most often due to membranous glomerulonephropathy, whereas in common hematological malignancies, minimal-change disease predominates. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is among the least frequently reported renal lesion associated with malignancy. METHODS We report a case of the simultaneous diagnoses of FSGS and Hodgkin's lymphoma, and review the literature on various nephrotic glomerulonephropathies associated with common leukemia and lymphoma. RESULTS Although nephrotic glomerulonephropathies rarely occur in association with acute leukemia, they have often been described in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephropathy and membranous glomerulonephropathy are the most common lesions observed in CLL. Nephrotic glomerulonephropathies have also been well documented among patients with lymphomas, in particular, Hodgkin's lymphoma. While minimal-change disease is most commonly found in association with Hodgkin's lymphoma, more diverse and complex renal lesions are associated with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. FSGS remains a rare association with hematological malignancies. CONCLUSIONS Nephrotic glomerulonephropathies are not only linked to solid-organ tumors, but also to hematological malignancies. A thorough evaluation, including a physical examination for lymphadenopathy and organomegaly, as well as a hematological evaluation, must be performed in all patients presenting with nephrotic glomerulonephropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla Mallouk
- Olive View-UCLA Medical Center, Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, 14445 Olive View Drive, Sylmar, CA 91342, USA
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16
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Wang Y, Hewitt SM, Liu S, Zhou X, Zhu H, Zhou C, Zhang G, Quan L, Bai J, Xu N. Tissue microarray analysis of human FRAT1 expression and its correlation with the subcellular localisation of beta-catenin in ovarian tumours. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:686-91. [PMID: 16479254 PMCID: PMC2361213 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer are poorly understood, but evidence suggests that aberrant activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway plays a significant role in this malignancy. However, the molecular defects that contribute to the activation of this pathway have not been elucidated. Frequently rearranged in advanced T-cell lymphomas-1 (FRAT1) is a candidate for the regulation of cytoplasmic beta-catenin. In this study, we developed in situ hybridisation probes to evaluate the presence of FRAT1 and used an anti-beta-catenin antibody to evaluate by immunohistochemistry the expression levels and subcellular localisation of beta-catenin in ovarian cancer tissue microarrays. Expression of FRAT1 was found in some human normal tissues and 47% of ovarian adenocarcinomas. A total of 46% of ovarian serous adenocarcinomas were positive for FRAT1 expression. Accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm was observed in 55% ovarian adenocarcinomas and in 59% of serous adenocarcinomas. A significant association was observed in ovarian serous adenocarcinomas between FRAT1 and beta-catenin expression (P<0.01). These findings support that Wnt/beta-catenin signalling may be aberrantly activated through FRAT1 overexpression in ovarian serous adenocarcinomas. The mechanism behind the overexpression of FRAT1 in ovarian serous adenocarcinomas and its significance is yet to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - S M Hewitt
- Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4605, USA
| | - S Liu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - X Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - H Zhu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - C Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - G Zhang
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - L Quan
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - J Bai
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - N Xu
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Cancer Institute & Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China. E-mail:
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17
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Tarantul VZ. Transgenic Mice as an In Vivo Model of Lymphomagenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 2004; 236:123-80. [PMID: 15261738 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(04)36004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review covers multiple data obtained on genetically modified mice that help to elucidate various intricate molecular mechanisms of lymphomagenesis in humans. We are in a "golden age" of mouse genetics. The mouse is by far the most accessible mammalian system physiologically similar to humans. Transgenic mouse models have illuminated how different genes contribute to human lymphomagenesis. Multiple experiments with transgenic mice have not only confirmed the data obtained for human lymphomas but also gave additional evidence for the role of some genes and cooperative participation of their products in the development of human lymphomas. Genes and gene networks detected on transgenic mice can successfully serve as molecular targets for tumor therapy. This review demonstrates the extraordinary possibilities of transgenic technology, which is presently one of the readily available, efficient, and accurate tools to solve the problem of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Z Tarantul
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 123182, Russia
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18
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Clements WM, Lowy AM, Groden J. Adenomatous polyposis coli/beta-catenin interaction and downstream targets: altered gene expression in gastrointestinal tumors. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2003; 3:113-20. [PMID: 12952568 DOI: 10.3816/ccc.2003.n.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer affects 250,000 Americans a year with nearly half of those cases being colorectal cancer. The Wnt pathway is activated in most spontaneous and familial colorectal cancers and has been implicated in tumor formation at other sites in the gastrointestinal tract. In human tumors, the Wnt pathway is most often altered by mutations affecting certain components of this signal transduction cascade-the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) tumor suppressor gene or the ss-catenin gene. Perturbations in the function of either protein lead to altered gene regulation through the interaction of ss-catenin with T-cell factor (Tcf)/lymphoid enhancer binding protein (Lef) transcription factors. This review will discuss the Wnt pathway, examine the mutations of its components that are found in human cancer, and discuss the known downstream gene targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson M Clements
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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19
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Goldstein LS, Kheifets L, van Deventer E, Repacholi M. Comments on "Long-term exposure of Emicro-Pim1 transgenic mice to 898.4 MHz microwaves does not increase lymphoma incidence" by Utteridge et al., Radiat. Res. 158, 357-364 (2002). Radiat Res 2003; 159:275-6; author reply 276-8. [PMID: 12537535 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0275:colteo]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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20
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Utteridge TD, Gebski V, Finnie JW, Vernon-Roberts B, Kuchel TR. Response to the Letters to the Editor sent by (1) Kundi, (2) Goldstein/Kheifets/van Deventer/Repacholi, and (3) Lerchl. Radiat Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2003)159[0277:rttltt]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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21
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Tanaka S, Sugimachi K, Maehara SI, Harimoto N, Shirabe K, Wands JR, Sugimachi K. Oncogenic signal transduction and therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma. Surgery 2002; 131:S142-7. [PMID: 11821801 DOI: 10.1067/msy.2002.119495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries of oncogenic signaling molecules lead to the comprehension of molecular mechanisms of tumor progression, as well as to the development of novel therapeutic tools for hepatocellular carcinoma. We have identified critical functions of intracellular signals transmitted from insulin-like growth factor and Wnt oncoprotein in carcinogenesis. The insulin-like growth factor system activates a number of signaling cascades resulting not only in hepatic mitogenesis, but also in cell survival. The secreted oncoprotein Wnt transforms beta-catenin potentials as a component of cell adhesion complexes with cadherins, into a transcription factor in the nucleus. Here, the important role of such signal transduction is reviewed, and we emphasize its control as a promising approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences and Station for Collaborative Research, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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22
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Deschênes G, Gonin S, Zolty E, Cheval L, Rousselot M, Martin PY, Verbavatz JM, Féraille E, Doucet A. Increased synthesis and avp unresponsiveness of Na,K-ATPase in collecting duct from nephrotic rats. J Am Soc Nephrol 2001; 12:2241-2252. [PMID: 11675400 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v12112241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal sodium retention is responsible for ascites and edema in nephrotic syndrome. In puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis, sodium retention originates in part from the collecting duct, and it is associated with increased Na,K-ATPase activity in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). The aims of this study were to evaluate whether the outer medullary collecting duct (OMCD) also participates to sodium retention and to determine the mechanisms responsible for stimulation of Na,K-ATPase in CCD. PAN nephrosis increased Na,K-ATPase activity in the CCD but not in OMCD. The two-fold increase of Na,K-ATPase activity in CCD was associated with two-fold increases in the number of alpha and beta Na,K-ATPase subunits mRNA determined by quantitative RT-PCR and of the total amount of Na,K-ATPase alpha subunits estimated by Western blotting. PAN nephrosis also increased two-fold the amount of Na,K-ATPase alpha subunit at the basolateral membrane of CCD principal cells, as determined by Western blotting after biotinylation and streptavidin precipitation and by immunofluorescence. The intracellular pool of latent Na,K-ATPase units also increased in size and was no longer recruitable by vasopressin and cAMP. This unresponsiveness of the intracellular pool of Na,K-ATPase to vasopressin was not the result of any alteration of the molecular and functional expression of the vasopressin V(2) receptor/adenylyl cyclase (AC) complex. It is concluded that PAN nephrosis (1) does not alter sodium reabsorption in OMCD, (2) is associated with increased synthesis and membrane expression of Na,K-ATPase in the CCD, and (3) alters the normal trafficking of intracellular Na,K-ATPase units to the basolateral membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Deschênes
- Service de Néphrologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée des Cellules Rénales, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Sandrine Gonin
- Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Einath Zolty
- Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lydie Cheval
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée des Cellules Rénales, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Martine Rousselot
- Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Martin
- Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Verbavatz
- Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Eric Féraille
- Fondation pour Recherches Médicales, Laboratoire de Néphrologie, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alain Doucet
- Laboratoire de Biologie Intégrée des Cellules Rénales, Service de Biologie Cellulaire, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Gif sur Yvette, France
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Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the importance of genetic factors in the development of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and related proteinuric disorders. Recently, four genes have been identified which, when defective, cause focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or nephrosis. All of these genes appear to be important in the maintenance of glomerular podocyte function. However, not all cases of familial nephrosis or proteinuria are explained by defects in these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kaplan
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- P Polakis
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080 USA.
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25
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Webster MT, Rozycka M, Sara E, Davis E, Smalley M, Young N, Dale TC, Wooster R. Sequence variants of the axin gene in breast, colon, and other cancers: An analysis of mutations that interfere with GSK3 binding. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1098-2264(200008)28:4<443::aid-gcc10>3.0.co;2-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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26
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Jonkers J, van Amerongen R, van der Valk M, Robanus-Maandag E, Molenaar M, Destrée O, Berns A. In vivo analysis of Frat1 deficiency suggests compensatory activity of Frat3. Mech Dev 1999; 88:183-94. [PMID: 10534617 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00187-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The Frat1 gene was first identified as a proto-oncogene involved in progression of mouse T cell lymphomas. More recently, FRAT/GBP (GSK-3beta Binding Protein) family members have been recognized as critical components of the Wnt signal transduction pathway. In an attempt to gain more insight into the function of Frat1, we have generated Frat1-deficient mice in which most of the coding domain was replaced by a promoterless beta-galactosidase reporter gene. While the pattern of LacZ expression in Frat1(lacZ)/+ mice indicated Frat1 to be expressed in various neural and epithelial tissues, homozygous Frat1(lacZ) mice were apparently normal, healthy and fertile. Tissues of homozygous Frat1(lacZ) mice showed expression of a second mouse Frat gene, designated Frat3. The Frat1 and Frat3 proteins are structurally and functionally very similar, since both Frat1 and Frat3 are capable of inducing a secondary axis in Xenopus embryos. The overlapping expression patterns of Frat1 and Frat3 during murine embryogenesis suggest that the apparent dispensability of Frat1 for proper development may be due to the presence of a second mouse gene encoding a functional Frat protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jonkers
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics and Center of Biomedical Genetics, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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