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Hazra A, O’Hara A, Polyak K, Nakhlis F, Harrison BT, Giordano A, Overmoyer B, Lynce F. Copy Number Variation in Inflammatory Breast Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071086. [PMID: 37048158 PMCID: PMC10093603 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of a unique genomic biomarker in de novo inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) may provide an insight into the biology of this aggressive disease. The goal of our study was to elucidate biomarkers associated with IBC. We examined breast biopsies collected from Dana–Farber Cancer Institute patients with IBC prior to initiating preoperative systemic treatment (30 samples were examined, of which 14 were eligible). Patients without available biopsies (n = 1), with insufficient tumor epithelial cells (n = 10), or insufficient DNA yield (n = 5) were excluded from the analysis. Molecular subtype and tumor grade were abstracted from a medical records’ review. Ten IBC tumors were estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative (n = 10 out of 14). Sufficient RNA and DNA were simultaneously extracted from 14 biopsy specimens using the Qiagen AllPrep Kit. RNA was amplified using the Sensation kit and profiled using the Affymetrix Human Transcriptome Array 2.0. DNA was profiled for genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) using the Affymetrix OncoScan Array and analyzed using the Nexus Chromosome Analysis Suite. Among the 14 eligible samples, we first confirmed biological concordance and quality control metrics using replicates and gene expression data. Second, we examined CNVs and gene expression change by IBC subtype. We identified significant CNVs in IBC patients after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Next, to assess whether the CNVs were unique to IBC, we compared the IBC CNV data to fresh-frozen non-IBC CNV data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (n = 388). On chromosome 7p11.2, we identified significant CN gain located at position 58,019,983-58,025,423 in 8 ER+ IBC samples compared to 338 non-IBC ER+ samples (region length: 5440 bp gain and 69,039 bp, False Discovery Rate (FDR) p-value = 3.12 × 10−10) and at position 57,950,944–58,025,423 in 3 TN-IBC samples compared to 50 non-IBC TN samples (74,479 base pair, gain, FDR p-value = 4.27 × 10−5; near the EGFR gene). We also observed significant CN loss on chromosome 21, located at position 9,648,315–9,764,385 (p-value = 4.27 × 10−5). Secondarily, differential gene expression in IBC patients with 7p11.2 CN gain compared to SUM149 were explored after FDR correction for multiple testing (p-value = 0.0016), but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the small sample size. Finally, the data presented are hypothesis-generating. Validation of CNVs that contribute to the unique presentation and biological features associated with IBC in larger datasets may lead to the optimization of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Hazra
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Kornelia Polyak
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Faina Nakhlis
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Breast Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth T. Harrison
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Beth Overmoyer
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Filipa Lynce
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer Program, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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2
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Jafrin S, Aziz MA, Islam MS. Association between TP73 G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism and different cancer types: an updated meta-analysis of 55 case-control studies. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221133173. [PMID: 36314251 PMCID: PMC9623385 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221133173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The TP73 G4C14-A4T14 variant has been associated with elevated cancer risk, but the evidence is inconclusive. We performed a meta-analysis to clarify the role of this variant in cancer development. METHODS Eligible literature was selected by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS A meta-analysis of 55 case-control studies showed that the G4C14-A4T14 variant was significantly associated with overall cancer development in five genetic models, including the allele model (AM), codominant model 1 (COD1), COD2, dominant model (DM), and over-dominant model (OD). Sub-group analysis based on ethnicity showed significantly higher risks in Africans in COD2 and RM and in Whites in AM, COD2, DM, and recessive model (RM). Cancer-specific subgroup analysis identified significant risks of gynecological (ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer), colorectal, oral, head and neck, and other cancers. Moreover, hospital-based controls revealed significant cancer risks in the AM, COD1, COD2, DM, and RM genetic models. Our findings were confirmed by trial sequential analysis. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirmed that TP73 G4C14-A4T14 significantly elevates the overall cancer risk, especially in White, African, and hospital-based populations, and specifically predisposes individuals to gynecological, colorectal, oral, and head and neck cancers.This meta-analysis was registered at INPLASY (registration number: INPLASY202210070).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jafrin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and
Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department
of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali,
Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Aziz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and
Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department
of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali,
Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and
Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali, Bangladesh,Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Biology, Department
of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur-3814, Noakhali,
Bangladesh,Mohammad Safiqul Islam, Department of
Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali-3814, Bangladesh.
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3
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Rozenberg JM, Zvereva S, Dalina A, Blatov I, Zubarev I, Luppov D, Bessmertnyi A, Romanishin A, Alsoulaiman L, Kumeiko V, Kagansky A, Melino G, Ganini C, Barlev NA. The p53 family member p73 in the regulation of cell stress response. Biol Direct 2021; 16:23. [PMID: 34749806 PMCID: PMC8577020 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-021-00307-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During oncogenesis, cells become unrestrictedly proliferative thereby altering the tissue homeostasis and resulting in subsequent hyperplasia. This process is paralleled by resumption of cell cycle, aberrant DNA repair and blunting the apoptotic program in response to DNA damage. In most human cancers these processes are associated with malfunctioning of tumor suppressor p53. Intriguingly, in some cases two other members of the p53 family of proteins, transcription factors p63 and p73, can compensate for loss of p53. Although both p63 and p73 can bind the same DNA sequences as p53 and their transcriptionally active isoforms are able to regulate the expression of p53-dependent genes, the strongest overlap with p53 functions was detected for p73. Surprisingly, unlike p53, the p73 is rarely lost or mutated in cancers. On the contrary, its inactive isoforms are often overexpressed in cancer. In this review, we discuss several lines of evidence that cancer cells develop various mechanisms to repress p73-mediated cell death. Moreover, p73 isoforms may promote cancer growth by enhancing an anti-oxidative response, the Warburg effect and by repressing senescence. Thus, we speculate that the role of p73 in tumorigenesis can be ambivalent and hence, requires new therapeutic strategies that would specifically repress the oncogenic functions of p73, while keeping its tumor suppressive properties intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian M Rozenberg
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
| | - Svetlana Zvereva
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Dalina
- The Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Blatov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ilya Zubarev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daniil Luppov
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Romanishin
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.,School of Life Sciences, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Lamak Alsoulaiman
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Vadim Kumeiko
- School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alexander Kagansky
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Cell Signaling Regulation Laboratory, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia. .,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Science, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
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4
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Abou Zeinab R, Wu HH, Abuetabh Y, Leng S, Sergi C, Eisenstat DD, Leng RP. Pirh2, an E3 ligase, regulates the AIP4-p73 regulatory pathway by modulating AIP4 expression and ubiquitination. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:650-662. [PMID: 33569599 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pirh2 is an E3 ligase belonging to the RING-H2 family and shown to bind, ubiquitinate and downregulate p73 tumor suppressor function without altering p73 protein levels. AIP4, an E3 ligase belonging to the HECT domain family, has been reported to be a negative regulatory protein that promotes p73 ubiquitination and degradation. Herein, we found that Pirh2 is a key regulator of AIP4 that inhibits p73 function. Pirh2 physically interacts with AIP4 and significantly downregulates AIP4 expression. This downregulation is shown to involve the ubiquitination of AIP4 by Pirh2. Importantly, we demonstrated that the ectopic expression of Pirh2 inhibits the AIP4-p73 negative regulatory pathway, which was restored when depleting endogenous Pirh2 utilizing Pirh2-siRNAs. We further observed that Pirh2 decreases AIP4-mediated p73 ubiquitination. At the translational level and specifically regarding p73 cell cycle arrest function, Pirh2 still ensures the arrest of p73-mediated G1 despite AIP4 expression. Our study reveals a novel link between two E3 ligases previously thought to be unrelated in regulating the same effector substrate, p73. These findings open a gateway to explain how E3 ligases differentiate between regulating multiple substrates that may belong to the same family of proteins, as it is the case for the p53 and p73 proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Abou Zeinab
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - H Helena Wu
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasser Abuetabh
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sarah Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Consolato Sergi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (5B4. 09), University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - David D Eisenstat
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Roger P Leng
- 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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5
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Faldoni FLC, Villacis RAR, Canto LM, Fonseca-Alves CE, Cury SS, Larsen SJ, Aagaard MM, Souza CP, Scapulatempo-Neto C, Osório CABT, Baumbach J, Marchi FA, Rogatto SR. Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Clinical Implications of Genomic Alterations and Mutational Profiling. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102816. [PMID: 33007869 PMCID: PMC7650681 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive disease with high mortality rates. Nowadays, there is no targeted treatment for this tumor type. Based on this context, we investigated the molecular profile of this disease by using well-established methodologies (high-resolution microarray platform, targeted next-generation sequencing, and immunohistochemistry) that have proven potential to unveil cancer biomarkers. We found alterations related to IBC aggressiveness and metastasis (gains of MDM4, losses of CHL1, and high homologous recombination deficiency scores), and worse overall survival (variants in HR and mismatch repair genes). We also compared the mutational profiling of our cases with literature data, which includes both non-IBC and IBC cases, validating our findings. Overall, we describe genetic alterations with the potential to be used as prognostic or predictive biomarkers and ultimately improve IBC patients’ care. Abstract Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer whose molecular basis is poorly understood. We performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of 24 IBC biopsies naïve of treatment, using a high-resolution microarray platform and targeted next-generation sequencing (105 cancer-related genes). The genes more frequently affected by gains were MYC (75%) and MDM4 (71%), while frequent losses encompassed TP53 (71%) and RB1 (58%). Increased MYC and MDM4 protein expression levels were detected in 18 cases. These genes have been related to IBC aggressiveness, and MDM4 is a potential therapeutic target in IBC. Functional enrichment analysis revealed genes associated with inflammatory regulation and immune response. High homologous recombination (HR) deficiency scores were detected in triple-negative and metastatic IBC cases. A high telomeric allelic imbalance score was found in patients having worse overall survival (OS). The mutational profiling was compared with non-IBC (TCGA, n = 250) and IBC (n = 118) from four datasets, validating our findings. Higher frequency of TP53 and BRCA2 variants were detected compared to non-IBC, while PIKC3A showed similar frequency. Variants in mismatch repair and HR genes were associated with worse OS. Our study provided a framework for improved diagnosis and therapeutic alternatives for this aggressive tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia L. C. Faldoni
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (F.L.C.F.); (F.A.M.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.M.C.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Rolando A. R. Villacis
- Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília-UnB, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil;
| | - Luisa M. Canto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.M.C.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Carlos E. Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Anesthesiology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil;
| | - Sarah S. Cury
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil;
| | - Simon J. Larsen
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.J.L.); (J.B.)
| | - Mads M. Aagaard
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.M.C.); (M.M.A.)
| | - Cristiano P. Souza
- Department of Breast and Gynecologic Oncology, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos 14784-390, Brazil;
| | - Cristovam Scapulatempo-Neto
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos SP 14784-400, Brazil;
- Diagnósticos da América (DASA), Barueri 01525-001, Brazil
| | | | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (S.J.L.); (J.B.)
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Fabio A. Marchi
- International Research Center, A.C.Camargo Cancer Center, São Paulo 01508-010, Brazil; (F.L.C.F.); (F.A.M.)
| | - Silvia R. Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, 7100 Vejle, Denmark; (L.M.C.); (M.M.A.)
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 500 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
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6
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Mukhopadhyay UK, Oturkar CC, Adams C, Wickramasekera N, Bansal S, Medisetty R, Miller A, Swetzig WM, Silwal-Pandit L, Børresen-Dale AL, Creighton CJ, Park JH, Konduri SD, Mukhopadhyay A, Caradori A, Omilian A, Bshara W, Kaipparettu BA, Das GM. TP53 Status as a Determinant of Pro- vs Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Estrogen Receptor-Beta in Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:1202-1215. [PMID: 30990221 PMCID: PMC6855950 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumorigenic vs pro-tumorigenic roles of estrogen receptor-beta (ESR2) in breast cancer remain unsettled. We investigated the potential of TP53 status to be a determinant of the bi-faceted role of ESR2 and associated therapeutic implications for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS ESR2-TP53 interaction was analyzed with multiple assays including the in situ proximity ligation assay. Transcriptional effects on TP53-target genes and cell proliferation in response to knocking down or overexpressing ESR2 were determined. Patient survival according to ESR2 expression levels and TP53 mutation status was analyzed in the basal-like TNBC subgroup in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n = 308) and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (n = 46) patient cohorts by univariate Cox regression and log-rank test. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS ESR2 interaction with wild-type and mutant TP53 caused pro-proliferative and anti-proliferative effects, respectively. Depleting ESR2 in cells expressing wild-type TP53 resulted in increased expression of TP53-target genes CDKN1A (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.13] vs ESR2 depletion group mean [SD] = 2.08 [0.24], P = .003) and BBC3 (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.06] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 1.92 [0.25], P = .003); however, expression of CDKN1A (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.21] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 0.56 [0.12], P = .02) and BBC3 (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.03] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 0.55 [0.09], P = .008) was decreased in cells expressing mutant TP53. Overexpressing ESR2 had opposite effects. Tamoxifen increased ESR2-mutant TP53 interaction, leading to reactivation of TP73 and apoptosis. High levels of ESR2 expression in mutant TP53-expressing basal-like tumors is associated with better prognosis (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium cohort: log-rank P = .001; hazard ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.84, univariate Cox P = .02). CONCLUSIONS TP53 status is a determinant of the functional duality of ESR2. Our study suggests that ESR2-mutant TP53 combination prognosticates survival in TNBC revealing a novel strategy to stratify TNBC for therapeutic intervention potentially by repurposing tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gokul M Das
- Correspondence to: Gokul M. Das, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 (e-mail: )
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7
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TP73 G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility: evidence from 36 case-control studies. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20181452. [PMID: 30420492 PMCID: PMC6294616 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism of TP73 gene has been reported with a potential association in cancer risks through affected cell homeostasis; however the results were not consistent. We performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to explore the associations between G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism and cancer susceptibility. Extensive retrieve was performed in PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Wanfang database and CNKI database up to May 20, 2018. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were conducted to evaluate the overall strength of the associations in five genetic models, as well as in subgroup analyses. Q-test, false-positive report probability analysis and trial sequential analysis, Egger’s test and Begg’s funnel plot were applied to evaluate the robustness of the results. In silico analysis was managed to demonstrate the relationship of TP73 expression correlated with cancer tissues. Finally, 36 case–control studies with a total of 9493 cancer cases and 13,157 healthy controls were enrolled into the meta-analysis. The pooled results present a significantly higher risk of G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism in all the five genetic models, as well as in the subgroups of Caucasian, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, H-B subgroup and comfort to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium subgroup. In silico analysis revealed that the expression of TP73 in cervical cancer tissue is higher than it in corresponding normal tissue, as well as in cervical cancer. All in all, TP73 G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism causes an upgrade cancer risk, especially in Caucasian population. G4C14-A4T14 polymorphism might be a potential biomarker for judging the tumorigenesis of cervical cancer and colorectal cancer.
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8
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MDM2 mediates p73 ubiquitination: a new molecular mechanism for suppression of p73 function. Oncotarget 2016; 6:21479-92. [PMID: 26025930 PMCID: PMC4673280 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein p73, a homologue of the tumor suppressor protein p53, is capable of inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. MDM2 is transcriptionally activated by p73 and represses the functions of p73, including p73-dependent transactivation and growth suppression. However, the molecular mechanism of this repression is unknown. In this study, we show that MDM2 mediates p73 ubiquitination. MDM2 mainly utilizes K11, K29 and K63-linked chains to mediate p73 ubiquitination in vivo and in vitro. However, MDM2 is unable to promote p73 degradation in most tested cell lines. Surprisingly, we observe that overexpression of Mdm2 promotes p73 degradation mainly through Itch in Mdm2-null MEFs. We further find that Itch interacts with the transfected Mdm2 in Mdm2-null cells. Moreover, our findings reveal that the E3 ligase activity of MDM2 is required to repress p73-dependent apoptosis and cell cycle arrest but not p73-dependent transcriptional activity. Furthermore, the data suggest a link between p73 ubiquitination/MDM2 E3 ligase activity and p73 biological functions.
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9
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Guo H, Yang S, Xu L, Li D, Tang J, Wang S, Wei B, Liu Z. Association between the p73 gene G4C14-to-A4T14 single nucleotide polymorphism and risk of cervical cancer by high resolution melting and PCR with confronting two-pair primers in a Chinese population. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:721-726. [PMID: 27347206 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
As a member of the p53 gene family, the p73 gene can affect an individual's susceptibility to cancer through a p53-like manner. DNA sequence variation in the p73 gene has been reported to be associated with cancer risk. The present study aimed to identify whether the p73 gene G4C14-to-A4T14 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is associated with risk of cervical cancer in a Chinese population. The p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 polymorphism was genotyped in 175 cervical cancer and 189 healthy control peripheral blood DNA samples using high resolution melting, polymerase chain reaction with confronting two-pair primers and direct DNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that carriers of the AT/AT genotype were associated with a significantly increased risk of cervical cancer (P=0.042; χ2=4.122; odds ratio = 2.241; 95% confidence interval = 1.013-4.956) compared with the GC/GC genotype carriers. In addition, there was a significant association between p73 genotypes and tumor size in patients with cervical cancer (P=0.014; χ2=8.607). However, no association was identified between p73 genotypes and tumor stage, histological type or lymph node metastasis in patients with cervical cancer. These results suggest that the p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 SNP may function as a marker of genetic susceptibility to cervical cancer in the Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China
| | - Shaodi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Xu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Ding Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Jianxin Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Shuangshaung Wang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Green Packaging and Application of Biological Nanotechnology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou, Hunan 412000, P.R. China
| | - Benjie Wei
- Yin Feng Biological Group Co., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengchun Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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Tashakori M, Zhang Y, Xiong S, You MJ, Lozano G. p53 Activity Dominates That of p73 upon Mdm4 Loss in Development and Tumorigenesis. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 14:56-65. [PMID: 26527653 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-15-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mdm4 negatively regulates the p53 tumor suppressor. Mdm4 loss in mice leads to an embryonic lethal phenotype that is p53-dependent. Biochemical studies indicate that Mdm4 also binds p73, a member of the p53 family, with higher affinity than p53. In this study, the significance of the Mdm4 and p73 interaction in vivo during embryogenesis and tumorigenesis was examined. The data revealed that p73 loss did not rescue either the early Mdm4-deficient embryonic lethality or the runted phenotype of Mdm4(Δ2/Δ2) p53(+/-) embryos. Furthermore, studies in the developing central nervous system wherein both genes have prominent roles indicated that loss of p73 also did not rescue the Mdm4-null brain phenotype as did p53 loss. This p53 dependency occurred despite evidence for p73-specific transcriptional activity. In tumor studies, the combination of Mdm4 overexpression and p73 loss did not alter survival of mice or the tumor spectrum as compared with Mdm4 overexpression alone. In summary, these data demonstrate that the Mdm4-p73 axis cannot override the dominant role of p53 in development and tumorigenesis. IMPLICATIONS Genetic characterization of the Mdm4 and p73 interaction during development and tumorigenesis suggests new insight into the role of p53 family members, which may influence treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnoosh Tashakori
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genes and Development
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shunbin Xiong
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - M James You
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Program in Genes and Development.
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WWP2-WWP1 ubiquitin ligase complex coordinated by PPM1G maintains the balance between cellular p73 and ΔNp73 levels. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:3754-64. [PMID: 25071155 PMCID: PMC4187731 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00101-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between transcription factor p73 and its functionally opposing N-terminally truncated ΔNp73 isoform is critical for cell survival, but the precise mechanism that regulates their levels is not clear. In our study, we identified WWP2, an E3 ligase, as a novel p73-associated protein that ubiquitinates and degrades p73. In contrast, WWP2 heterodimerizes with another E3 ligase, WWP1, which specifically ubiquitinates and degrades ΔNp73. Further, we identified phosphatase PPM1G as a functional switch that controls the balance between monomeric WWP2 and a WWP2/WWP1 heterodimeric state in the cell. During cellular stress, WWP2 is inactivated, leading to upregulation of p73, whereas WWP2-WWP1 complex is intact to degrade ΔNp73, thus playing an important role in shifting the balance between p73 and ΔNp73. Collectively, our results reveal a new functional E3 ligase complex controlled by PPM1G that differentially regulates cellular p73 and ΔNp73.
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12
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He S, Pham MH, Pease M, Zada G, Giannotta SL, Wang K, Mack WJ. A review of epigenetic and gene expression alterations associated with intracranial meningiomas. Neurosurg Focus 2014; 35:E5. [PMID: 24289130 DOI: 10.3171/2013.10.focus13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT A more comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic abnormalities associated with meningioma tumorigenesis, growth, and invasion may provide useful targets for molecular classification and development of targeted therapies for meningiomas. METHODS The authors performed a review of the current literature to identify the epigenetic modifications associated with the formation and/or progression of meningiomas. RESULTS Several epigenomic alterations, mainly pertaining to DNA methylation, have been associated with meningiomas. Hypermethylation of TIMP3 inactivates its tumor suppression activity while CDKN2 (p14[ARF]) and TP73 gene hypermethylation and HIST1H1c upregulation interact with the p53 regulation of cell cycle control. Other factors such as HOX, IGF, WNK2, and TGF-β epigenetic modifications allow either upregulation or downregulation of critical pathways for meningioma development, progression, and recurrence. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide methylation profiling demonstrated that global hypomethylation correlates with tumor grades and severity. Identification of additional epigenetic changes, such as histone modification and higher-order chromosomal structure, may allow for a more thorough understanding of tumorigenesis and enable future individualized treatment strategies for meningiomas.
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13
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Role of p73 Dinucleotide Polymorphism in Prostate Cancer and p73 Protein Isoform Balance. Prostate Cancer 2014; 2014:129582. [PMID: 25097786 PMCID: PMC4109114 DOI: 10.1155/2014/129582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Molecular markers for prostate cancer (PCa) risks are currently lacking. Here we address the potential association of a dinucleotide polymorphism (DNP) in exon 2 of the p73 gene with PCa risk/progression and discern any disruption of p73 protein isoforms levels in cells harboring a p73 DNP allele. Methods. We investigated the association between p73 DNP genotype and PCa risk/aggressiveness and survival by fitting logistic regression models in 1,292 incident cases and 682 controls. Results. Although we detected no association between p73 DNP and PCa risk, a significant inverse relationship between p73 DNP and PCa aggressiveness (AT/AT + GC/AT versus GC/GC, OR = 0.55, 95%Cl = 0.31–0.99) was detected. Also, p73 DNP is marginally associated with overall death (dominant model, HR = 0.76, 95%Cl = 0.57–1.00, P = 0.053) as well as PCa specific death (HR = 0.69, 95%Cl = 0.45–1.06, P = 0.09). Western blot analyses for p73 protein isoforms indicate that cells heterozygous for the p73 DNP have lower levels of ∆Np73 relative to TAp73 (P < 0.001). Conclusions. Our findings are consistent with an association between p73 DNP and low risk for PCa aggressiveness by increasing the expressed TAp73/∆Np73 protein isoform ratio.
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14
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Bertucci F, Finetti P, Vermeulen P, Van Dam P, Dirix L, Birnbaum D, Viens P, Van Laere S. Genomic profiling of inflammatory breast cancer: a review. Breast 2014; 23:538-45. [PMID: 24998451 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer. Despite efforts in the past decade to delineate the molecular biology of IBC by applying high-throughput molecular profiling technologies to clinical samples, IBC remains insufficiently characterized. The reasons for that include limited sizes of the study population, heterogeneity with respect to the composition of the IBC and non-IBC control groups and technological differences across studies. In 2008, the World IBC Consortium was founded to foster collaboration between research groups focusing on IBC. One of the initial projects was to redefine the molecular profile of IBC using an unprecedented number of samples and search for gene signatures associated with survival and response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. Here, we provide an overview of all the molecular profiling studies that have been performed on IBC clinical samples to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Bertucci
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes and UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France; Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes and UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France.
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes and UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Peter Vermeulen
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Dam
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luc Dirix
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Département d'Oncologie Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes and UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Viens
- Département d'Oncologie Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Institut Paoli-Calmettes and UMR1068 Inserm, Marseille, France; Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Translational Cancer Research Unit, GZA Hospitals Sint-Augustinus, Wilrijk, Belgium; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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15
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Role of ERRF, a novel ER-related nuclear factor, in the growth control of ER-positive human breast cancer cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 180:1189-1201. [PMID: 22341523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Whereas estrogen-estrogen receptor α (ER) signaling plays an important role in breast cancer growth, it is also necessary for the differentiation of normal breast epithelial cells. How this functional conversion occurs, however, remains unknown. Based on a genome-wide sequencing study that identified mutations in several breast cancer genes, we examined some of the genes for mutations, expression levels, and functional effects on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. We present the data for C1orf64 or ER-related factor (ERRF) from 31 cell lines and 367 primary breast cancer tumors. Whereas mutation of ERRF was infrequent (1 of 79 or 1.3%), its expression was up-regulated in breast cancer, and the up-regulation was more common in lower-stage tumors. In addition, increased ERRF expression was significantly associated with ER and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positivity, which was still valid in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors. In ER-positive tumors, ERRF expression was inversely correlated with HER2 status. Furthermore, higher ERRF protein expression was significantly associated with better disease-free survival and overall survival, particularly in ER- and/or PR-positive and HER2-negative tumors (luminal A subtype). Functionally, knockdown of ERRF in two ER-positive breast cancer cell lines, T-47D and MDA-MB-361, suppressed cell growth in vitro and tumorigenesis in xenograft models. These results suggest that ERRF plays a role in estrogen-ER-mediated growth of breast cancer cells and could, thus, be a potential therapeutic target.
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16
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Bisso A, Collavin L, Del Sal G. p73 as a pharmaceutical target for cancer therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2011; 17:578-90. [PMID: 21391908 PMCID: PMC3267157 DOI: 10.2174/138161211795222667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About half of all human tumors contain an inactivating mutation of p53, while in the remaining tumors, the p53 pathway is frequently abrogated by alterations of other components of its signaling pathway. In humans, the p53 tumor suppressor is part of a small gene family that includes two other members, p73 and p63, structurally and functionally related to p53. Accumulating evidences indicate that all p53-family proteins function as molecular hubs of a highly interconnected signaling network that coordinates cell proliferation, differentiation and death in response to physiological inputs and oncogenic stress. Therefore, not only the p53-pathway but the entire “p53-family pathway” is a primary target for cancer drug development. In particular, the p53-related protein p73 has a crucial role in determining cellular responses to chemotherapy, and can vicariate p53 functions in triggering cell death after DNA damage in multiple experimental models. The biology and regulation of p73 is complex, since the TP73 gene incorporates both tumor-suppressive and proto-oncogenic functions. However, the p73 gene is rarely mutated in tumors, so appropriate pharmacological manipulation of the p73 pathway is a very promising approach for cancer therapy. Here we provide an overview of the principal mechanism of p73 regulation, and describe several examples of pharmacological tools that can induce p73 accumulation and function by acting on upstream p73 modulators or displacing inhibitory p73 interactors. A better understanding of how the p73 pathway works is mandatory to discover additional players intervening in this pathway and has important implications for the improvement of cancer treatment with the development of new molecules or with the reposition of currently available drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bisso
- Laboratorio Nazionale CIB, AREA Science Park, Padriciano 99, Trieste, TS 34149, Italy
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17
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Wu H, Zeinab RA, Flores ER, Leng RP. Pirh2, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, inhibits p73 transcriptional activity by promoting its ubiquitination. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:1780-90. [PMID: 21994467 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
p73, a homolog of the tumor suppressor p53, transactivates many p53 target genes, leading to apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest. p73 has recently been reported to play an important role in tumor suppression in a mouse model. Here, we show that Pirh2 physically interacted with p73 and downregulated p73 function through its E3 ligase activity. Pirh2 promoted p73 ubiquitination in vivo and in vitro. Intriguingly, Pirh2 primarily used K63-linked chains to ubiquitinate p73 in vitro, but in vivo, Pirh2 utilized K11-, K29-, K48-, and K63-linked chains to promote p73 ubiquitination. Depletion of Pirh2 by siRNA significantly reduced the ubiquitination of p73 in p53 null cells. Ectopic expression of Pirh2 repressed p73-dependent transcriptional activity, but the levels of p73 were not decreased. We consistently showed that ablation of endogenous Pirh2 restored p73-mediated transactivational activity. We found that Pirh2 repressed p73 transcriptional activity by directly inhibiting the p73 transcript, and p73 repression by Pirh2 was required for p73-dependent transcriptional activity and G(1) arrest but not for apoptosis. This study provides evidence that the ubiquitination of p73 mediated by Pirh2 represents an important pathway for controlling the suppressive function of p73. Furthermore, the data suggest a link between the transcriptional activity of p73 and its ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 370 Heritage Medical Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
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18
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Relationship between TP73 polymorphism (G4C14-A4T14) and cancer risk: a meta-analysis based on literatures. Gene 2011; 484:42-6. [PMID: 21672615 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The tumor protein p73 (TP73) gene belongs to the TP53 gene family and functions in the induction of apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest. The TP73 polymorphism (G4C14-A4T14) has been reported and many studies have focused on the role of this polymorphism in various cancers. However, the data reported for most individual cancer types were limited and not able to support a convincible conclusion. Hence, in this study, we explored the relationship between TP73 polymorphism (G4C14-A4T14) and cancer risk by carrying out a comprehensive meta-analysis. Performing both the overall and subgroup meta-analyses with a total of 23 eligible studies (6635 cases and 7378 controls in all), we detected significant cancer risk variations in the overall analysis, as well as the subgroup analysis based on ethnicity for both Asians and Caucasians. In the subgroup analysis based on source of controls, significant associations were also observed in the hospital-based controls' subgroup yet not in the population-based controls' subgroup. Furthermore, in the subgroup analysis based on cancer types, significant associations were found in colorectal cancer's subgroup but not in other cancer types' subgroups. In summary, according to the results of our meta-analysis, the TP73 polymorphism (G4C14-A4T14) probably associates with cancer risk.
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19
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Bekhouche I, Finetti P, Adelaïde J, Ferrari A, Tarpin C, Charafe-Jauffret E, Charpin C, Houvenaeghel G, Jacquemier J, Bidaut G, Birnbaum D, Viens P, Chaffanet M, Bertucci F. High-resolution comparative genomic hybridization of inflammatory breast cancer and identification of candidate genes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16950. [PMID: 21339811 PMCID: PMC3037286 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of BC poorly defined at the molecular level. We compared the molecular portraits of 63 IBC and 134 non-IBC (nIBC) clinical samples. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Genomic imbalances of 49 IBCs and 124 nIBCs were determined using high-resolution array-comparative genomic hybridization, and mRNA expression profiles of 197 samples using whole-genome microarrays. Genomic profiles of IBCs were as heterogeneous as those of nIBCs, and globally relatively close. However, IBCs showed more frequent "complex" patterns and a higher percentage of genes with CNAs per sample. The number of altered regions was similar in both types, although some regions were altered more frequently and/or with higher amplitude in IBCs. Many genes were similarly altered in both types; however, more genes displayed recurrent amplifications in IBCs. The percentage of genes whose mRNA expression correlated with CNAs was similar in both types for the gained genes, but ∼7-fold lower in IBCs for the lost genes. Integrated analysis identified 24 potential candidate IBC-specific genes. Their combined expression accurately distinguished IBCs and nIBCS in an independent validation set, and retained an independent prognostic value in a series of 1,781 nIBCs, reinforcing the hypothesis for a link with IBC aggressiveness. Consistent with the hyperproliferative and invasive phenotype of IBC these genes are notably involved in protein translation, cell cycle, RNA processing and transcription, metabolism, and cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a higher genomic instability of IBC. We established the first repertory of DNA copy number alterations in this tumor, and provided a list of genes that may contribute to its aggressiveness and represent novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismahane Bekhouche
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Finetti
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - José Adelaïde
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Anthony Ferrari
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Carole Tarpin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Charafe-Jauffret
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Department of BioPathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Colette Charpin
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | | | - Jocelyne Jacquemier
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
- Department of BioPathology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
| | - Ghislain Bidaut
- Bioinformatics, Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), Marseille, France
| | - Daniel Birnbaum
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - Patrice Viens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
| | - Max Chaffanet
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
| | - François Bertucci
- Marseille Cancer Research Center (CRCM), UMR891 Inserm, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Department of Molecular Oncology, Marseille, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes (IPC), Marseille, France
- Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
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Down-regulation of CD3zeta is a breast cancer biomarker associated with immune suppression. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:165-9. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Hishida A, Matsuo K, Tajima K, Ogura M, Kagami Y, Taji H, Morishima Y, Emi N, Naoe T, Hamajima N. Polymorphisms ofp53Arg72Pro,p73G4C14-to-A4T14 at Exon 2 andp21Ser31Arg and the risk of non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Japanese. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:957-64. [PMID: 15291355 DOI: 10.1080/10428190310001638878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesized that the polymorphisms in the two p53 family genes (p53 Arg72Pro and p73 G4C14-to-A4T14 at exon 2 (G4A)) and p21 Ser31Arg polymorphism might modulate the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and conducted a hospital-based prevalent case control study at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital to clarify the association. Risk estimation for each genotype by the unconditional logistic model demonstrated the possible association between the p53 Pro72 allele and the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in Japanese population (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 0.99-2.57, P = 0.057), although no other significant association was observed. The analyses of statistical interactions between these three polymorphisms (p73 G4A, p53 Arg72Pro and p21 Ser31Arg polymorphisms) revealed the marginally significant OR for interaction between p53 Arg72Pro and p73 G4A polymorphisms (OR = 2.54; 95% CI, 0.97 6.62, P = 0.057). When those without p53 Pro72 and p73 A4T14 alleles were defined as a reference, those with p53 Pro72 and p73 A4T14 alleles demonstrated a significantly higher OR (2.08; 95% CI, 1.11-3.90, P = 0.023). Further examination with a sufficiently larger population and other ethnicities are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Hishida
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Clinical Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ma Y, Yu WD, Hershberger PA, Flynn G, Kong RX, Trump DL, Johnson CS. 1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 potentiates cisplatin antitumor activity by p73 induction in a squamous cell carcinoma model. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3047-55. [PMID: 18790784 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
1alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) exhibits antitumor activity in a variety of cancers including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Intrinsic resistance of SCC cells to cisplatin was observed and led to the investigation into whether 1,25D3 sensitizes SCC cells to cisplatin. Pretreatment with 1,25D3 followed by cisplatin enhanced growth inhibition in SCC cells compared with 1,25D3 alone as assessed by cytotoxicity and in vitro clonogenic assays. In addition, 1,25D3 sensitized SCC cells to cisplatin-mediated apoptosis. Treatment of tumor-bearing C3H mice with 1,25D3 before cisplatin reduced clonogenic survival using in vivo excision clonogenic assay. These results were not observed in a 1,25D3-resistant SCC variant, indicating the critical role of 1,25D3 in sensitizing SCC cells to cisplatin. Further, a marked decrease in fractional tumor volume was observed when SCC tumor-bearing mice were treated with 1,25D3 before cisplatin compared with either agent administered alone. Cisplatin has been shown to modulate p73 protein level in certain cancer cells. Our data showed that p73 level was not affected by cisplatin but increased by 1,25D3 in SCC cells. Knocking down p73 by small interfering RNA protected SCC cells against 1,25D3 and cisplatin-mediated clonogenic cell kill and apoptosis. Increasing p73 protein level by knocking down UFD2a, which mediates p73 degradation, promoted 1,25D3 and cisplatin-mediated clonogenic cell kill. These results suggest that 1,25D3 potentiates cisplatin antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo in a SCC model system possibly through p73 induction and apoptosis. The combination treatment may provide a more effective therapeutic regimen in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Elm and Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Johnson J, Lagowski J, Sundberg A, Lawson S, Liu Y, Kulesz-Martin M. p73 loss triggers conversion to squamous cell carcinoma reversible upon reconstitution with TAp73alpha. Cancer Res 2007; 67:7723-30. [PMID: 17699776 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The expression level of the p53 family member, p73, is frequently deregulated in human epithelial cancers, correlating with tumor invasiveness, therapeutic resistance, and poor patient prognosis. However, the question remains whether p73 contributes directly to the process of malignant conversion or whether aberrant p73 expression represents a later selective event to maintain tumor viability. We explored the role of p73 in malignant conversion in a clonal model of epidermal carcinogenesis. Whether sporadic or small interfering RNA (siRNA) induced, loss of p73 in initiated p53+/+ keratinocytes leads to loss of cellular responsiveness to DNA damage by ionizing radiation (IR) and conversion to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Reconstitution of TAp73alpha but not DeltaNp73alpha reduced tumorigenicity in vivo, but did not restore cellular sensitivity to IR, uncoupling p73-mediated DNA damage response from its tumor-suppressive role. These studies provide direct evidence that loss of p73 can contribute to malignant conversion and support a role for TAp73alpha in tumor suppression of SCC. The results support the activation of TAp73alpha as a rational mechanism for cancer therapy in solid tumors of the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, OHSU Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Turley RS, Finger EC, Hempel N, How T, Fields TA, Blobe GC. The Type III Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor as a Novel Tumor Suppressor Gene in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1090-8. [PMID: 17283142 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway has an important role in regulating normal prostate epithelium, inhibiting proliferation, differentiation, and both androgen deprivation-induced and androgen-independent apoptosis. During prostate cancer formation, most prostate cancer cells become resistant to these homeostatic effects of TGF-beta. Although the loss of expression of either the type I (TbetaRI) or type II (TbetaRII) TGF-beta receptor has been documented in approximately 30% of prostate cancers, most prostate cancers become TGF-beta resistant without mutation or deletion of TbetaRI, TbetaRII, or Smads2, 3, and 4, and thus, the mechanism of resistance remains to be defined. Here, we show that type III TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRIII or betaglycan) expression is decreased or lost in the majority of human prostate cancers as compared with benign prostate tissue at both the mRNA and protein level. Loss of TbetaRIII expression correlates with advancing tumor stage and a higher probability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence, suggesting a role in prostate cancer progression. The loss of TbetaRIII expression is mediated by the loss of heterozygosity at the TGFBR3 genomic locus and epigenetic regulation of the TbetaRIII promoter. Functionally, restoring TbetaRIII expression in prostate cancer cells potently decreases cell motility and cell invasion through Matrigel in vitro and prostate tumorigenicity in vivo. Taken together, these studies define the loss of TbetaRIII expression as a common event in human prostate cancer and suggest that this loss is important for prostate cancer progression through effects on cell motility, invasiveness, and tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S Turley
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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25
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Dong M, How T, Kirkbride KC, Gordon KJ, Lee JD, Hempel N, Kelly P, Moeller BJ, Marks JR, Blobe GC. The type III TGF-beta receptor suppresses breast cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2006; 117:206-17. [PMID: 17160136 PMCID: PMC1679965 DOI: 10.1172/jci29293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The TGF-beta signaling pathway has a complex role in regulating mammary carcinogenesis. Here we demonstrate that the type III TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRIII, or betaglycan), a ubiquitously expressed TGF-beta coreceptor, regulated breast cancer progression and metastasis. Most human breast cancers lost TbetaRIII expression, with loss of heterozygosity of the TGFBR3 gene locus correlating with decreased TbetaRIII expression. TbetaRIII expression decreased during breast cancer progression, and low TbetaRIII levels predicted decreased recurrence-free survival in breast cancer patients. Restoring TbetaRIII expression in breast cancer cells dramatically inhibited tumor invasiveness in vitro and tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis in vivo. TbetaRIII appeared to inhibit tumor invasion by undergoing ectodomain shedding and producing soluble TbetaRIII, which binds and sequesters TGF-beta to decrease TGF-beta signaling and reduce breast cancer cell invasion and tumor-induced angiogenesis. Our results indicate that loss of TbetaRIII through allelic imbalance is a frequent genetic event during human breast cancer development that increases metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Dong
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tam How
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kellye C. Kirkbride
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kelly J. Gordon
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jason D. Lee
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nadine Hempel
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick Kelly
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Moeller
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Marks
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine,
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology,
Department of Radiation Oncology, and
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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26
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Cuadros M, Ribas G, Fernández V, Rivas C, Benitez J, Martinez-Delgado B. Allelic expression and quantitative RT-PCR study of TAp73 and ΔNp73 in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Leuk Res 2006; 30:170-7. [PMID: 16083956 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2005] [Revised: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
p73 shares structural and functional homology to p53. p73 generates different proteins using alternative promoters and splicing which have different biological characteristics. We investigated the pattern (monoallelic or biallelic) of expression of TAp73 and DeltaNp73 in normal lymphocytes and lymphomas using two p73 polymorphisms. We found monoallelic expression of TAp73 in normal lymphocytes and tumors, and a selective expression of AT allele in all cases. Moreover, the quantitative expression analysis revealed DeltaNp73 over-expression in both B- and T-cell lymphomas comparing with normal lymphoid cells, suggesting a role in tumorigenesis. Finally, we have confirmed that although DeltaNp73 over-expression could be an alternative mechanism of p53 inactivation, both alterations may appear together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cuadros
- Human Genetics Department, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernandez Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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27
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Johnson J, Lagowski J, Sundberg A, Kulesz-Martin M. P53 Family Activities in Development and Cancer: Relationship to Melanocyte and Keratinocyte Carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2005; 125:857-64. [PMID: 16297181 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.23920.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jodi Johnson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
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28
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Flores ER, Sengupta S, Miller JB, Newman JJ, Bronson R, Crowley D, Yang A, McKeon F, Jacks T. Tumor predisposition in mice mutant for p63 and p73: evidence for broader tumor suppressor functions for the p53 family. Cancer Cell 2005; 7:363-73. [PMID: 15837625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Revised: 12/20/2004] [Accepted: 02/08/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
p63 and p73 are functionally and structurally related to the tumor suppressor p53. However, their own role in tumor suppression is unclear. Given the p53-like properties of p63 and p73, we tested whether they are involved in tumor suppression by aging mice heterozygous for mutations in all p53 family genes and scored for spontaneous tumors. We show here that p63+/-;p73+/- mice develop spontaneous tumors. Loss of p63 and p73 can also cooperate with loss of p53 in tumor development. Mice heterozygous for mutations in both p53 and p63 or p53 and p73 displayed higher tumor burden and metastasis compared to p53+/- mice. These findings provide evidence for a broader role for the p53 family than has been previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa R Flores
- The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center and The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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29
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Stoffel A, Filippa D, Rao PH. The p73 locus is commonly deleted in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Leuk Res 2004; 28:1341-5. [PMID: 15475076 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2004] [Accepted: 04/21/2004] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Rearrangements involving the 1p36 chromosomal region occur frequently in NHL, suggesting the existence of tumor suppressor gene(s) that are important in lymphomagenesis. p73 is closely related to the tumor suppressor p53 and maps to the chromosome 1p36 region. Here we report heterozygous deletions of the p73 locus in 25% of FL and 27% of DLBCL cases, as detected by FISH. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that four out of five cases with p73 deletions also exhibited increased Ki67 expression, indicating higher proliferation rates of the tumor cells. Our results demonstrate a high proportion of p73 locus specific deletions in NHL and suggest that deletion of this locus may play a role in the progression of NHL.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Proliferation
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Gene Deletion
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Heterozygote
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Incidence
- Ki-67 Antigen/analysis
- Loss of Heterozygosity
- Lymphoma, Follicular/etiology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/etiology
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/genetics
- Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/pathology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/etiology
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/genetics
- Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/pathology
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Protein p73
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Archontoula Stoffel
- Laboratory for Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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30
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Matsumoto H, Matsuyama H, Fukunaga K, Yoshihiro S, Wada T, Naito K. Allelic imbalance at 1p36 may predict prognosis of chemoradiation therapy for bladder preservation in patients with invasive bladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 91:1025-31. [PMID: 15292937 PMCID: PMC2747707 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive bladder cancers have been treated by irradiation combined with cis- platinum (CDDP) as a bladder preservative option. The aim of this study was to find a marker for predicting patient outcome as well as clinical response after chemoradiation therapy (CRT) by investigating allelic loss of apoptosis-related genes. A total of 67 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder treated by CRT (median dose: 32.4 Gy of radiation and 232 mg of CDDP) were studied. We investigated allelic imbalances at 14 loci on chromosomes 17p13 and 1p36 including the p53 and p73 gene regions by fluorescent multiplex PCR based on DNA from paraffin-embedded tumour specimens and peripheral blood. The response to CRT was clinical response (CR) in 21 patients (31%), partial response (PR) in 31 (46%), and no change(NC) in 15 (22%). There was no statistical correlation between treatment response and clinical parameters, such as tumour grade, stage, radiation dose, or CDDP dose. The frequencies of allelic imbalance for TP53 and TP73 were 21 and 56%, respectively; neither was correlated with clinical treatment response and tumour stage or grade. There was no statistical correlation between treatment response and allelic imbalance at the other 12 loci. We found a significant correlation between cancer-specific survival and an imbalance of D1S243 (P=0.0482) or TP73 (P=0.0013) using a Log-rank test, although other loci including TP53 did not correlate with survival (P=0.4529 Multivariate analysis showed performance status (P=0.0047), recurrence (P=0.0017), and radiation doses (P=0.0468) were independent predictive factors for cancer-specific survival. However, an allelic imbalance of TP73 was the most remarkable independent predictive factor of poor patient survival (P=0.0002, risk ratio: 3382). Our results suggest that the allelic loss of the p73 gene predicts a clinical outcome of locally advanced bladder cancer when treated by CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsumoto
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - H Matsuyama
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - K Fukunaga
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - S Yoshihiro
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - T Wada
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - K Naito
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
- Department of Urology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, 1-1-1, Minamikogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan. E-mail:
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31
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Douc-Rasy S, Goldschneider D, Million K, Bénard J. [Interrelations between p73 and p53: a model, neuroblastoma]. Med Sci (Paris) 2004; 20:317-24. [PMID: 15067577 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2004203317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologies in sequence and gene organization of p53 and their relatives, p73 and p63, suggest similar biological functions. However differences exist between the p53 family members. Indeed in human tumors p53 is often mutated while p63 and p73 are very rarely mutated. In addition, in contrast to p53 which is transcribed in a unique mRNA species spanning all gene exons, each homologue expresses two types of isoforms: some with transactivation domain (TAD) showing tumor suppressive properties, the others deprived of TAD, with oncogenic properties. If p53 responds to immediate genotoxic stress, its homologues participate to the cell homeostasis of specific tissues along their development and differentiation, neuronal tissue for p73, epithelial for p63. However a collaboration between the three p53 family members has been shown to occur in response to cell genotoxic damages. Neuroblastic tumors characterized by a large spectrum of neuronal differentiation constitute a good model to study relationship between p73 and p53 as well as the regulation of their respective expression.
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32
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Chunder N, Mandal S, Basu D, Roy A, Roychoudhury S, Panda CK. Deletion mapping of chromosome 1 in early onset and late onset breast tumors--a comparative study in eastern India. Pathol Res Pract 2004; 199:313-21. [PMID: 12908521 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Younger women exhibit more aggressive pathologic features of breast cancer (BC) compared to their older counterparts. Young age has been shown to be an independent predictor of adverse prognosis. These findings have raised the question of whether these differences are also present at the genetic level. Twenty-five early onset (age < or = 40 years) tumors including 4 bilateral tumors, and 26 late onset (>40 years) breast tumors, including 2 bilateral tumors, were examined for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosome 1 using 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers. A comparative study revealed high frequencies of LOH in chr. 1p36 (61%), 1p31.3 (40%), 1p21.3 (50%) and 1q22-23.2 (56%) in a younger group, and chr. 1p36 (46%), 1p34.2 (48%), and 1q22-23.2 (52%) in an older group. These differences in LOH frequency in these two age groups were significant for chr. 1p21.3 (p = 0.025) only. These data suggest that the deletion pattern in early onset breast tumors is not fully identical to late onset breast tumors. Similar differential deletion patterns of LOH in the 5 highly deleted regions were seen in premenopausal and postmenopausal groups. An association was seen between LOH at chr. 1p34.2 and chr. 1q22-23.2 and higher grade of the tumors in older women. Among the highly deleted regions, the deletion at chr. 1p36 was found to occur early in both groups because of common allelic loss in the bilateral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelanjana Chunder
- Department of Oncogene Regulation, Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, 37, S. P. Mukherjee Road, Kolkata-00026, India
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33
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type in women and allelic loss constitutes one of the commonest genetic alterations in mammary neoplasias. Frequent detection of Loss of Heterozygosity indicates genes with putative tumour suppressor activity in breast carcinomas. Imbalance between two alleles might also be related with increased expression of an oncogene within a locus. Loci exhibiting frequent allelic loss in breast cancer have been detected, spread throughout the genome, and may contain genes with potential significance in breast carcinogenesis. Loss of Heterozygosity patterns in breast cancer give evidence for multiple clonality of the disease, and that accumulation of such lesions is probably implicated in disease development. Studies on deletions of known breast cancer genes suggest interactions with other common genetic events during disease initiation and progression. Allelic loss has been repeatedly associated with adverse characteristics and poor outcome in breast neoplasms. Detection of allelic loss in the serum of breast cancer patients and in premalignant breast lesions could herald the potential for diagnosis of the disease at an early, and thus curable, stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Miyakis
- Laboratory of Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete 71409, Greece
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34
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Abstract
Based on gene sequence homologies, a p53 (TP53) gene family become apparent with the addition of the most recently identified p63 (TP73L; formerly TP63) and p73 (TP73) genes to the already known p53. The p53 gene encodes for a unique protein eliciting well-known tumor suppressor gene (TSG) properties that mediate cellular response to DNA damage, e.g., cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In contrast, both homologues specify an array of isoforms different in their N- and C-terminal domains. Transactivating isoforms, such as TAp63/p73, show TSG properties similar to p53, while isoforms lacking N-terminal transactivating domain such as DeltaNp63/p73, induce a functional block against p53 as well as TAp63/p73 activities. Both p63/p73 types of isoforms are involved in development: p63 is critical for epithelial stem cell renewal and epithelial homeostasis, and p73 is involved in neurogenesis and natural immune response. These facts support interdependent functions for the p53 family members, which appear linked together in a complex and tight regulation network to fulfill cellular functions related to DNA damage and tissue homeostasis maintenance. The lack of p63/p73 mutations in human cancers rule out a typical TSG role for either of the p53 homologues. Nonetheless, p63 and p73 genes seem strongly involved in malignancy acquisition and maintenance process because of: 1) their tissue identities, and 2) their close interplay activities within the p53 family members, and primarily through the negative regulatory role played by DeltaNp63/p73 isoforms for cell death control and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Bénard
- Unité de Génétique Tumorale, Service de Génétique, Département de Biologie Clinique, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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35
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Martinez-Delgado B, Melendez B, Cuadros M, Jose Garcia M, Nomdedeu J, Rivas C, Fernandez-Piqueras J, Benítez J. Frequent inactivation of the p73 gene by abnormal methylation or LOH in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Int J Cancer 2002; 102:15-9. [PMID: 12353228 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
p73 is a candidate tumor suppressor and imprinted gene that shares significant homology with the p53 gene. It is located on 1p36, a region frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other tumors. To investigate the pattern of inactivation of this gene in human lymphomas, we studied 59 tumors to identify abnormal methylation in exon 1 and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at this locus. p73 was methylated in 13/50 (26%) B cell lymphomas. There was no evidence of p73 methylation in the 9 T cell lymphomas analyzed. Burkitt's lymphomas showed the highest proportion of methylated cases (36%), although this alteration also affected other aggressive lymphomas such as diffuse large cell and some marginal zone lymphomas. LOH at the p73 locus was detected in 4/34 (11%) B and 1/9 (11%) T cell lymphomas. The p73 expression analysis showed absence or low level of p73 product in methylated lymphomas, whereas p73 was always detected in unmethylated tumors. We found monoallelic expression in normal peripheral blood samples, consistent with imprinting. None of the tumors showed LOH and methylation of the remaining allele simultaneously, suggesting that alteration of the expressed allele could lead to the total inactivation of the gene. Our results show that deletion or methylation of the p73 gene could be important mechanisms in suppressing p73 expression in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Martinez-Delgado
- Human Genetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Department, Spanish National Cancer Centre, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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37
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Vayssade M, Faridoni-Laurens L, Bénard J, Ahomadegbe JC. Expression of p53-family members and associated target molecules in breast cancer cell lines in response to vincristine treatment. Biochem Pharmacol 2002; 63:1609-17. [PMID: 12007564 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-2952(02)00917-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As the antimitotic agent vincristine (VCR) has been reported to induce a weak p53 response in some studies, we hypothesised that p73 and p63, the recently described p53 homologues, may replace p53 in triggering apoptosis or cell cycle arrest effectors in VCR-treated cell lines. To address this issue, we measured p53, p73 and p63 mRNA and protein levels in two VCR-treated breast cancer cell lines, one p53-proficient (MCF7) and the other p53-deficient (MDA-MB157). We found an increase of p53 mRNA and protein levels in VCR-treated MCF7 cells, while, as expected, no p53 protein was detected in VCR-treated MDA-MB157 cells. Surprisingly, the p73 mRNA and protein expression levels decreased in both cell lines during VCR treatment, whereas p63 protein levels remained unchanged. In both cell lines, up-regulations of the canonical p53-target genes, such as p21 and GADD45, were consistently observed. We conclude that, in response to VCR treatment: (1) p53 is markedly induced in MCF7 cells, with the same extent than after DNA damaging drugs treatments; and (2) p63 is not involved, while p73 expression is down-regulated regardless of the p53 status of the cell lines. Our results therefore suggest the involvement of a fourth member of the p53 gene family, or the use of another pathway able to trigger canonical p53-target genes in response to VCR in p53-deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Vayssade
- Unité des Marqueurs Génétiques des Cancers, Département de Biologie Clinique, Institut Gustave Roussy, 39 rue Camille Desmoulins, Villejuif, France
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38
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Dong S, Pang JCS, Hu J, Zhou LF, Ng HK. Transcriptional inactivation of TP73 expression in oligodendroglial tumors. Int J Cancer 2002; 98:370-5. [PMID: 11920588 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.10204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The TP73 gene, located on chromosome 1p36.3, encodes a product that shares significant structural homology with the tumor suppressor TP53. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TP73 is involved in the development of oligodendroglial tumors, which frequently carry deletions involving 1p36.3. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine TP73 transcript levels. Ten of 24 (42%) tumors showed negligible to more than 5-fold reduction in TP73 expression when compared to normal brain level. To identify potential mechanisms that may modulate TP73 transcription in oligodendroglial tumors, we performed mutation analysis on the TP73 gene. No somatic mutations were however detected in the gene sequence. We then evaluated the possible involvement of epigenetic change in TP73 expression. Bisulfite genomic sequencing detected aberrant hypermethylation at the 5' region upstream and including the first exon of the TP73 gene in 17 of 44 (39%) oligodendroglial tumors, whereas normal brain tissues showed no methylation in the same region examined. Moreover, 6 of 10 (60%) tumors with negligible or decreased levels of TP73 transcripts were methylation-positive. In conclusion, our results showed that inactivation of TP73 occurs at the transcriptional level and is associated with promotor hypermethylation. Loss of or reduced TP73 transcript expression may contribute to the tumorigenesis of oligodendroglial tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Dong
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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39
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Faridoni-Laurens L, Bosq J, Janot F, Vayssade M, Le Bihan ML, Kaghad M, Caput D, Bénard J, Ahomadegbe JC. P73 expression in basal layers of head and neck squamous epithelium: a role in differentiation and carcinogenesis in concert with p53 and p63? Oncogene 2001; 20:5302-12. [PMID: 11536043 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2000] [Revised: 05/17/2001] [Accepted: 05/31/2001] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
P73, a p53-homologue gene, has been studied for its possible role in head and neck squamous epithelium (HNSE) differentiation and carcinogenesis. P73 RNA and protein were analysed in 50 biopsies, including well- and moderately-differentiated carcinomas, and 21 matched normal adjacent tissues. P73 immunohistochemical analyses revealed intense p73 nuclear staining in basal and parabasal cells of normal squamous epithelium, in contrast with complete absence of staining in the more superficial cell layers. Moderately-differentiated carcinomas demonstrated homogeneous and diffuse staining in all tumour cells, while only basal cells were stained in well-differentiated carcinomas as in normal tissue. No correlation was observed between p73 and p53 protein expression. Immunostaining for p63, another p53-related protein previously described as being involved in HNSE morphogenesis and overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), was found to be similar to p73 labelling in carcinomas, but spread to the more differentiated layers in normal epithelium. Biallelic expression of p73 was found in tumours as well as in matched normal tissues. Comparison of p73 transcript levels between tumours and normal tissues showed decreased mRNA expression in 5/17 (30%) tumours independently of the differentiation status. Mutation and loss of heterozygosity analyses of the p73 gene revealed wild type status and no deletion. Our results strongly suggest that: (i) p73 is associated with homeostasis and control of differentiation of head and neck squamous epithelium probably in concert with p53 and p63; (ii) down-regulation of p73 expression could participate in HNSE carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Faridoni-Laurens
- Unité des Marqueurs Génétiques des Cancers, Département de Biologie Clinique, Institut Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
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