1
|
de Freitas Oliveira-Tore C, de Moraes AG, Plácido HMBS, Signorini NMDL, Fontana PD, da Piedade Batista Godoy T, Boldt ABW, de Messias I. Non-canonical extracellular complement pathways and the complosome paradigm in cancer: a scoping review. Front Immunol 2025; 16:1519465. [PMID: 40370471 PMCID: PMC12075386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1519465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025] Open
Abstract
The Complement System (CS) comprises three catalytic pathways that can be activated by specific immune triggers. However, within the tumor microenvironment (TME), CS intracellular components, recently named as complosome, play roles that extend beyond the activation and regulation of its pathways. The interaction between TME elements and tumor cells alters the local immune response, leading to inflammation, cell proliferation, and tumor invasion. Our focus is on understanding the significance of complosome and non-canonical pathways in cancer. In this scoping review, we analyzed 45 articles that discussed the various roles of CS components in carcinogenesis. Many CS components, including C1q, C3a-C3aR, C5a-C5aR, factor H, and properdin, some of them at the intracellular level, may play a dual role in tumor progression, demonstrating either anti-tumor or pro-tumor activity independent of complement pathway activation. The specific function of each component can influence both the type and stage of tumor cells. There is a notable lack of studies on the role of the lectin pathway in tumor development, and this knowledge gap must be addressed to fully understand the role of complosome in cancer. Nevertheless, the activation of CS and the roles of its components in complosome pathways are crucial steps in tumor development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila de Freitas Oliveira-Tore
- Laboratory Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Amarilis Giaretta de Moraes
- Laboratory Human Molecular Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Helena Musetti B. S. Plácido
- Laboratory Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Nathalia M. D. L. Signorini
- Laboratory Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Pamela Dias Fontana
- Laboratory Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane da Piedade Batista Godoy
- Laboratory Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Angelica Beate Winter Boldt
- Laboratory Human Molecular Genetics, Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Iara de Messias
- Laboratory Molecular Immunopathology, Postgraduate Program in Internal Medicine and Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Anglada-Girotto M, Ciampi L, Bonnal S, Head SA, Miravet-Verde S, Serrano L. In silico RNA isoform screening to identify potential cancer driver exons with therapeutic applications. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7039. [PMID: 39147755 PMCID: PMC11327330 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing is crucial for cancer progression and can be targeted pharmacologically, yet identifying driver exons genome-wide remains challenging. We propose identifying such exons by associating statistically gene-level cancer dependencies from knockdown viability screens with splicing profiles and gene expression. Our models predict the effects of splicing perturbations on cell proliferation from transcriptomic data, enabling in silico RNA screening and prioritizing targets for splicing-based therapies. We identified 1,073 exons impacting cell proliferation, many from genes not previously linked to cancer. Experimental validation confirms their influence on proliferation, especially in highly proliferative cancer cell lines. Integrating pharmacological screens with splicing dependencies highlights the potential driver exons affecting drug sensitivity. Our models also allow predicting treatment outcomes from tumor transcriptomes, suggesting applications in precision oncology. This study presents an approach to identifying cancer driver exon and their therapeutic potential, emphasizing alternative splicing as a cancer target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miquel Anglada-Girotto
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
| | - Ludovica Ciampi
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Sophie Bonnal
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Sarah A Head
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain
| | - Samuel Miravet-Verde
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Luis Serrano
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain.
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hsieh MH, Wei Y, Li L, Nguyen LH, Lin YH, Yong JM, Sun X, Wang X, Luo X, Knutson SK, Bracken C, Daley GQ, Powers JT, Zhu H. Liver cancer initiation requires translational activation by an oncofetal regulon involving LIN28 proteins. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e165734. [PMID: 38875287 PMCID: PMC11290964 DOI: 10.1172/jci165734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
It is unknown which posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms are required for oncogenic competence. Here, we show that the LIN28 family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which facilitate posttranscriptional RNA metabolism within ribonucleoprotein networks, is essential for the initiation of diverse oncotypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In HCC models driven by NRASG12V/Tp53, CTNNB1/YAP/Tp53, or AKT/Tp53, mice without Lin28a and Lin28b were markedly impaired in cancer initiation. We biochemically defined an oncofetal regulon of 15 factors connected to LIN28 through direct mRNA and protein interactions. Interestingly, all were RBPs and only 1 of 15 was a Let-7 target. Polysome profiling and reporter assays showed that LIN28B directly increased the translation of 8 of these 15 RBPs. As expected, overexpression of LIN28B and IGFBP1-3 was able to genetically rescue cancer initiation. Using this platform to probe components downstream of LIN28, we found that 8 target RBPs were able to restore NRASG12V/Tp53 cancer formation in Lin28a/Lin28b-deficient mice. Furthermore, these LIN28B targets promote cancer initiation through an increase in protein synthesis. LIN28B, central to an RNP regulon that increases translation of RBPs, is important for tumor initiation in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsiung Hsieh
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yonglong Wei
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Liem H. Nguyen
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yu-Hsuan Lin
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jung M. Yong
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xuxu Sun
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xun Wang
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Xin Luo
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | | | - George Q. Daley
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John T. Powers
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Hao Zhu
- Children’s Research Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Soltan MA, Alhanshani AA, Shati AA, Alqahtani YA, Alshaya DS, Alharthi J, Altalhi SA, Fayad E, Zaki MSA, Eid RA. Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations Interfere with Several Immune Components and Predict Poor Clinical Outcome. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2254. [PMID: 37626750 PMCID: PMC10452213 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene as it functions as a cell cycle regulator. While several reports correlate the malfunction of CDKN2A with the initiation and progression of several types of human tumors, there is a lack of a comprehensive study that analyzes the potential effect of CDKN2A genetic alterations on the human immune components and the consequences of that effect on tumor progression and patient survival in a pan-cancer model. The first stage of the current study was the analysis of CDKN2A differential expression in tumor tissues and the corresponding normal ones and correlating that with tumor stage, grade, metastasis, and clinical outcome. Next, a detailed profile of CDKN2A genetic alteration under tumor conditions was described and assessed for its effect on the status of different human immune components. CDKN2A was found to be upregulated in cancerous tissues versus normal ones and that predicted the progression of tumor stage, grade, and metastasis in addition to poor prognosis under different forms of tumors. Additionally, CDKN2A experienced different forms of genetic alteration under tumor conditions, a characteristic that influenced the infiltration and the status of CD8, the chemokine CCL4, and the chemokine receptor CCR6. Collectively, the current study demonstrates the potential employment of CDKN2A genetic alteration as a prognostic and immunological biomarker under several types of human cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Soltan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Ismailia 41611, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A. Alhanshani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayed A. Shati
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef A. Alqahtani
- Department of Child Health, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalal Sulaiman Alshaya
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawaher Alharthi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Awwadh Altalhi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Fayad
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Samir A. Zaki
- Anatomy Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refaat A. Eid
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pan-cancer antagonistic inhibition pattern of ATM-driven G2/M checkpoint pathway vs other DNA repair pathways. DNA Repair (Amst) 2023; 123:103448. [PMID: 36657260 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2023.103448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
DNA repair mechanisms keep genome integrity and limit tumor-associated alterations and heterogeneity, but on the other hand they promote tumor survival after radiation and genotoxic chemotherapies. We screened pathway activation levels of 38 DNA repair pathways in nine human cancer types (gliomas, breast, colorectal, lung, thyroid, cervical, kidney, gastric, and pancreatic cancers). We took RNAseq profiles of the experimental 51 normal and 408 tumor samples, and from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium databases - of 500/407 normal and 5752/646 tumor samples, and also 573 normal and 984 tumor proteomic profiles from Proteomic Data Commons portal. For all the samplings we observed a congruent trend that all cancer types showed inhibition of G2/M arrest checkpoint pathway compared to the normal samples, and relatively low activities of p53-mediated pathways. In contrast, other DNA repair pathways were upregulated in most of the cancer types. The G2/M checkpoint pathway was statistically significantly downregulated compared to the other DNA repair pathways, and this inhibition was strongly impacted by antagonistic regulation of (i) promitotic genes CCNB and CDK1, and (ii) GADD45 genes promoting G2/M arrest. At the DNA level, we found that ATM, TP53, and CDKN1A genes accumulated loss of function mutations, and cyclin B complex genes - transforming mutations. These findings suggest importance of activation for most of DNA repair pathways in cancer progression, with remarkable exceptions of G2/M checkpoint and p53-related pathways which are downregulated and neutrally activated, respectively.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pieroni S, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Ferracchiato S, Scopetti D, Di-Iacovo N, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. The Four Homeostasis Knights: In Balance upon Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14480. [PMID: 36430960 PMCID: PMC9696182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cancer outcome is a multifactorial event that comes from both exogenous injuries and an endogenous predisposing background. The healthy state is guaranteed by the fine-tuning of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, whose alteration induces cellular behavioral changes finally leading to cancer. The function of proteins in cells and tissues is controlled at both the transcriptional and translational level, and the mechanism allowing them to carry out their functions is not only a matter of level. A major challenge to the cell is to guarantee that proteins are made, folded, assembled and delivered to function properly, like and even more than other proteins when referring to oncogenes and onco-suppressors products. Over genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational control, protein synthesis depends on additional steps of regulation. Post-translational modifications are reversible and dynamic processes that allow the cell to rapidly modulate protein amounts and function. Among them, ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications modulate the stability and control the activity of most of the proteins that manage cell cycle, immune responses, apoptosis, and senescence. The crosstalk between ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications and post-translational modifications is a keystone to quickly update the activation state of many proteins responsible for the orchestration of cell metabolism. In this light, the correct activity of post-translational machinery is essential to prevent the development of cancer. Here we summarize the main post-translational modifications engaged in controlling the activity of the principal oncogenes and tumor suppressors genes involved in the development of most human cancers.
Collapse
|
7
|
Navalkar A, Paul A, Sakunthala A, Pandey S, Dey AK, Saha S, Sahoo S, Jolly MK, Maiti TK, Maji SK. Oncogenic gain of function due to p53 amyloids by aberrant alteration of cell cycle and proliferation. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276165. [PMID: 35796018 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor p53 has been shown to aggregate into cytoplasmic/nuclear inclusions, compromising its native tumor suppressive functions. Recently, p53 is shown to form amyloids, which play a role in conferring cancerous properties to cells leading to tumorigenesis. However, the exact pathways involved in p53 amyloid-mediated cellular transformations are unknown. Here, using an in cellulo model of full-length p53 amyloid formation, we demonstrate the mechanism of loss of p53 tumor-suppressive function with concomitant oncogenic gain-of functions. Global gene expression profiling of cells suggests that p53 amyloid formation dysregulates the genes associated with cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, senescence along with major signaling pathways. This is further supported by the proteome analysis, showing a significant alteration in levels of p53 target proteins and enhanced metabolism, which enables the survival of cells. Our data indicate that specifically targeting the key molecules in pathways affected by p53 amyloid formation such as cyclin-dependent kinase-1, leads to loss of oncogenic phenotype and induces apoptosis of cells. Overall, our work establishes the mechanism of the transformation of cells due to p53 amyloids leading to cancer pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Ajoy Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Arunima Sakunthala
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Satyaprakash Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| | - Amit Kumar Dey
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sandhini Saha
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering (BSSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Mohit K Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering (BSSE), Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Tushar K Maiti
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Samir K Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400076, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yung MMH, Siu MKY, Ngan HYS, Chan DW, Chan KKL. Orchestrated Action of AMPK Activation and Combined VEGF/PD-1 Blockade with Lipid Metabolic Tunning as Multi-Target Therapeutics against Ovarian Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126857. [PMID: 35743298 PMCID: PMC9224484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynecological malignancies worldwide, and chemoresistance is a critical obstacle in the clinical management of the disease. Recent studies have suggested that exploiting cancer cell metabolism by applying AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-activating agents and distinctive adjuvant targeted therapies can be a plausible alternative approach in cancer treatment. Therefore, the perspectives about the combination of AMPK activators together with VEGF/PD-1 blockade as a dual-targeted therapy against ovarian cancer were discussed herein. Additionally, ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic regulated cell death triggered by the availability of redox-active iron, have been proposed to be governed by multiple layers of metabolic signalings and can be synergized with immunotherapies. To this end, ferroptosis initiating therapies (FITs) and metabolic rewiring and immunotherapeutic approaches may have substantial clinical potential in combating ovarian cancer development and progression. It is hoped that the viewpoints deliberated in this review would accelerate the translation of remedial concepts into clinical trials and improve the effectiveness of ovarian cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingo M. H. Yung
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (M.M.H.Y.); (M.K.Y.S.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - Michelle K. Y. Siu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (M.M.H.Y.); (M.K.Y.S.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - Hextan Y. S. Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (M.M.H.Y.); (M.K.Y.S.); (H.Y.S.N.)
| | - David W. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (M.M.H.Y.); (M.K.Y.S.); (H.Y.S.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Correspondence: or (D.W.C.); (K.K.L.C.); Tel.: +852-3917-9367 or +852-3943-6053 (D.W.C.); +852-2255-4260 (K.K.L.C.); Fax: +852-2816-1947 or +852-2603-5123 (D.W.C.); +852-2255-0947 (K.K.L.C.)
| | - Karen K. L. Chan
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; (M.M.H.Y.); (M.K.Y.S.); (H.Y.S.N.)
- Correspondence: or (D.W.C.); (K.K.L.C.); Tel.: +852-3917-9367 or +852-3943-6053 (D.W.C.); +852-2255-4260 (K.K.L.C.); Fax: +852-2816-1947 or +852-2603-5123 (D.W.C.); +852-2255-0947 (K.K.L.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rajabi S, Alix-Panabières C, Alaei AS, Abooshahab R, Shakib H, Ashrafi MR. Looking at Thyroid Cancer from the Tumor-Suppressor Genes Point of View. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2461. [PMID: 35626065 PMCID: PMC9139614 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine malignancy and accounts for approximately 1% of all diagnosed cancers. A variety of mechanisms are involved in the transformation of a normal tissue into a malignant one. Loss of tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) function is one of these mechanisms. The normal functions of TSGs include cell proliferation and differentiation control, genomic integrity maintenance, DNA damage repair, and signaling pathway regulation. TSGs are generally classified into three subclasses: (i) gatekeepers that encode proteins involved in cell cycle and apoptosis control; (ii) caretakers that produce proteins implicated in the genomic stability maintenance; and (iii) landscapers that, when mutated, create a suitable environment for malignant cell growth. Several possible mechanisms have been implicated in TSG inactivation. Reviewing the various TSG alteration types detected in thyroid cancers may help researchers to better understand the TSG defects implicated in the development/progression of this cancer type and to find potential targets for prognostic, predictive, diagnostic, and therapeutic purposes. Hence, the main purposes of this review article are to describe the various TSG inactivation mechanisms and alterations in human thyroid cancer, and the current therapeutic options for targeting TSGs in thyroid cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh Rajabi
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells (LCCRH), University Medical Centre of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34093 Montpellier, France
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Cancer Research (CREEC), Unité Mixte de Recherches, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) 224–Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) 5290–University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Arshia Sharbatdar Alaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19839-63113, Iran;
| | | | - Heewa Shakib
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 19857-17443, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 76169-13555, Iran;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tumors and Cytomegalovirus: An Intimate Interplay. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040812. [PMID: 35458542 PMCID: PMC9028007 DOI: 10.3390/v14040812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus that alternates lytic and latent infection, infecting between 40 and 95% of the population worldwide, usually without symptoms. During its lytic cycle, HCMV can result in fever, asthenia, and, in some cases, can lead to severe symptoms such as hepatitis, pneumonitis, meningitis, retinitis, and severe cytomegalovirus disease, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Usually, the host immune response keeps the virus in a latent stage, although HCMV can reactivate in an inflammatory context, which could result in sequential lytic/latent viral cycles during the lifetime and thereby participate in the HCMV genomic diversity in humans and the high level of HCMV intrahost genomic variability. The oncomodulatory role of HCMV has been reported, where the virus will favor the development and spread of cancerous cells. Recently, an oncogenic role of HCMV has been highlighted in which the virus will directly transform primary cells and might therefore be defined as the eighth human oncovirus. In light of these new findings, it is critical to understand the role of the immune landscape, including the tumor microenvironment present in HCMV-harboring tumors. Finally, the oncomodulatory/oncogenic potential of HCMV could lead to the development of novel adapted therapeutic approaches against HCMV, especially since immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapeutic strategies and new therapeutic approaches are actively needed, particularly to fight tumors of poor prognosis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Caglar HO. Bioinformatics analysis of recurrent deletion regions in neuroblastoma. Med Oncol 2022; 39:31. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
12
|
Cigarette smoke-promoted increases in osteopontin expression attract mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and facilitate lung cancer metastasis. J Adv Res 2021; 41:77-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
13
|
Identification of Key Genes Associated with Progression and Prognosis of Bladder Cancer through Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235931. [PMID: 34885040 PMCID: PMC8656554 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Bladder cancer is a heterogeneous disease with high recurrence rates. The current prognostication depends on tumor stage and grade and there is a need for predictive biomarkers that can distinguish between progressive versus non-progressive disease. We have identified a 3-gene signature panel having prognostic value in bladder cancer, which could aid in clinical decision making. Abstract Bladder cancer prognosis remains dismal due to lack of appropriate biomarkers that can predict its progression. The study aims to identify novel prognostic biomarkers associated with the progression of bladder cancer by utilizing three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). A total of 1516 DEGs were identified between non-muscle invasive and muscle invasive bladder cancer specimens. To identify genes of prognostic value, we performed gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. A total of seven genes, including CDKN2A, CDC20, CTSV, FOXM1, MAGEA6, KRT23, and S100A9 were confirmed with strong prognostic values in bladder cancer and validated by qRT-PCR conducted in various human bladder cancer cells representing stage-specific disease progression. ULCAN, human protein atlas and The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets were used to confirm the predictive value of these genes in bladder cancer progression. Moreover, Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox hazard ratio analysis were performed to determine the prognostic role of these genes. Univariate analysis performed on a validation set identified a 3-panel gene set viz. CDKN2A, CTSV and FOXM1 with 95.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity in predicting bladder cancer progression. In summary, our study screened and confirmed a 3-panel biomarker that could accurately predict the progression and prognosis of bladder cancer.
Collapse
|
14
|
El Baba R, Herbein G. Immune Landscape of CMV Infection in Cancer Patients: From "Canonical" Diseases Toward Virus-Elicited Oncomodulation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:730765. [PMID: 34566995 PMCID: PMC8456041 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an immensely pervasive herpesvirus, persistently infecting high percentages of the world population. Despite the apparent robust host immune responses, HCMV is capable of replicating, evading host defenses, and establishing latency throughout life by developing multiple immune-modulatory strategies. HCMV has coexisted with humans mounting various mechanisms to evade immune cells and effectively win the HCMV-immune system battle mainly through maintaining its viral genome, impairing HLA Class I and II molecule expression, evading from natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, interfering with cellular signaling, inhibiting apoptosis, escaping complement attack, and stimulating immunosuppressive cytokines (immune tolerance). HCMV expresses several gene products that modulate the host immune response and promote modifications in non-coding RNA and regulatory proteins. These changes are linked to several complications, such as immunosenescence and malignant phenotypes leading to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and oncomodulation. Hence, tumor survival is promoted by affecting cellular proliferation and survival, invasion, immune evasion, immunosuppression, and giving rise to angiogenic factors. Viewing HCMV-induced evasion mechanisms will play a principal role in developing novel adapted therapeutic approaches against HCMV, especially since immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer therapeutic strategies. Since tumors acquire immune evasion strategies, anti-tumor immunity could be prominently triggered by multimodal strategies to induce, on one side, immunogenic tumor apoptosis and to actively oppose the immune suppressive microenvironment, on the other side.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens & Inflammation-EPILAB EA4266, University of Franche-Comté UBFC, Besançon, France
- Department of Virology, Centre hospitalier régional universitaire de Besançon (CHRU) Besançon, Besancon, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Raimundo L, Calheiros J, Saraiva L. Exploiting DNA Damage Repair in Precision Cancer Therapy: BRCA1 as a Prime Therapeutic Target. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13143438. [PMID: 34298653 PMCID: PMC8303227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chemical inhibition of central DNA damage repair (DDR) proteins has become a promising approach in precision cancer therapy. In particular, BRCA1 and its DDR-associated proteins constitute important targets for developing DNA repair inhibiting drugs. This review provides relevant insights on DDR biology and pharmacology, aiming to boost the development of more effective DDR targeted therapies. Abstract Precision medicine aims to identify specific molecular alterations, such as driver mutations, allowing tailored and effective anticancer therapies. Poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are the prototypical example of targeted therapy, exploiting the inability of cancer cells to repair DNA damage. Following the concept of synthetic lethality, PARPi have gained great relevance, particularly in BRCA1 dysfunctional cancer cells. In fact, BRCA1 mutations culminate in DNA repair defects that can render cancer cells more vulnerable to therapy. However, the efficacy of these drugs has been greatly affected by the occurrence of resistance due to multi-connected DNA repair pathways that may compensate for each other. Hence, the search for additional effective agents targeting DNA damage repair (DDR) is of crucial importance. In this context, BRCA1 has assumed a central role in developing drugs aimed at inhibiting DNA repair activity. Collectively, this review provides an in-depth understanding of the biology and regulatory mechanisms of DDR pathways, highlighting the potential of DDR-associated molecules, particularly BRCA1 and its interconnected partners, in precision cancer medicine. It also affords an overview about what we have achieved and a reflection on how much remains to be done in this field, further addressing encouraging clues for the advance of DDR targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Forghanifard MM, Aarabi A, Nasiri Aghdam M, Memar B, Hasanzadeh Khayat M, Dadkhah E, Abbaszadegan MR. GSTs polymorphisms are associated with epigenetic silencing of CDKN2A gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:31269-31277. [PMID: 32488710 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter is an important risk factor. Genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding PAH-metabolizing enzymes like glutathione S-transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1) which conjugate glutathione to PAHs for reduction of oxidative stress may affect an individual's response to PAH exposure. Genomic DNA from 50 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients extracted from peripheral blood. PCR-RFLP technique was employed to determine GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphisms. Aberrant promoter methylation of CDKN2A was applied by methylation-specific PCR technique. Concentration of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene was determined using a HPLC system. About 38.7% showed the null GSTM1 genotype (54% cases and 13% controls), 23.7% showed GSTT1 null genotype (30% cases and 13% controls), and 62.5% were GSTP1 A/A genotype (66% cases and 56% controls). Polymorphic variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were significantly associated with aberrant methylation of CDKN2A gene. The null state of GSTT1 was significantly associated with high concentrations of 1-OHP in urea (p < 0.01). There was significant association between methylated states of CDKN2A and high concentrations of 1-OHP in urine (p < 0.01). We identified significant association between polymorphism of GSTs genes and epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor gene CDKN2A in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Azadeh Aarabi
- Immunology research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Nasiri Aghdam
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Pathology, Omeed Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, 9196773117, Iran
| | | | - Ezzat Dadkhah
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Network-based Biased Tree Ensembles (NetBiTE) for Drug Sensitivity Prediction and Drug Sensitivity Biomarker Identification in Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15918. [PMID: 31685861 PMCID: PMC6828742 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52093-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the Network-based Biased Tree Ensembles (NetBiTE) method for drug sensitivity prediction and drug sensitivity biomarker identification in cancer using a combination of prior knowledge and gene expression data. Our devised method consists of a biased tree ensemble that is built according to a probabilistic bias weight distribution. The bias weight distribution is obtained from the assignment of high weights to the drug targets and propagating the assigned weights over a protein-protein interaction network such as STRING. The propagation of weights, defines neighborhoods of influence around the drug targets and as such simulates the spread of perturbations within the cell, following drug administration. Using a synthetic dataset, we showcase how application of biased tree ensembles (BiTE) results in significant accuracy gains at a much lower computational cost compared to the unbiased random forests (RF) algorithm. We then apply NetBiTE to the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) dataset and demonstrate that NetBiTE outperforms RF in predicting IC50 drug sensitivity, only for drugs that target membrane receptor pathways (MRPs): RTK, EGFR and IGFR signaling pathways. We propose based on the NetBiTE results, that for drugs that inhibit MRPs, the expression of target genes prior to drug administration is a biomarker for IC50 drug sensitivity following drug administration. We further verify and reinforce this proposition through control studies on, PI3K/MTOR signaling pathway inhibitors, a drug category that does not target MRPs, and through assignment of dummy targets to MRP inhibiting drugs and investigating the variation in NetBiTE accuracy.
Collapse
|
18
|
Hlouschek J, Hansel C, Jendrossek V, Matschke J. The Mitochondrial Citrate Carrier (SLC25A1) Sustains Redox Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Metabolism Supporting Radioresistance of Cancer Cells With Tolerance to Cycling Severe Hypoxia. Front Oncol 2018; 8:170. [PMID: 29888201 PMCID: PMC5980958 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pronounced resistance of lung cancer cells to radiotherapy and chemotherapy is a major barrier to successful treatment. Herein, both tumor hypoxia and the upregulation of the cellular antioxidant defense systems observed during malignant progression can contribute to radioresistance. We recently found that exposure to chronic cycling severe hypoxia/reoxygenation stress results in glutamine-dependent upregulation of cellular glutathione (GSH) levels and associated radiation resistance opening novel routes for tumor cell-specific radiosensitization. Here, we explored the role of the mitochondrial citrate carrier (SLC25A1) for the improved antioxidant defense of cancer cells with tolerance to acute and chronic severe hypoxia/reoxygenation stress and the use of pharmacologic SLC25A1 inhibition for tumor cell radiosensitization. Exposure to acute or chronic cycling severe hypoxia/reoxygenation stress triggered upregulated expression of SLC25A1 in lung cancer, prostate cancer, and glioblastoma cells in vitro. Interestingly, exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) further promoted SLC25A1 expression. Inhibition of SLC25A1 by 1,2,3-benzene-tricarboxylic acid (BTA) disturbed cellular and mitochondrial redox homeostasis, lowered mitochondrial metabolism, and reduced metabolic flexibility of cancer cells. Even more important, combining IR with BTA was able to overcome increased radioresistance induced by adaptation to chronic cycling severe hypoxia/reoxygenation stress. This radiosensitizing effect of BTA-treated cells was linked to increased reactive oxygen species and reduced DNA repair capacity. Of note, key findings could be reproduced when using the SLC25A1-inhibitor 4-Chloro-3-[[(3-nitrophenyl)amino]sulfonyl]-benzoic acid (CNASB). Moreover, in silico analysis of publically available databases applying the Kaplan–Meier plotter tool (kmplot.com) revealed that overexpression of SLC25A1 was associated with reduced survival of lung cancer patients suggesting a potential link to aggressive cancers. We show that SLC25A1 can contribute to the increased antioxidant defense of cancer cells allowing them to escape the cytotoxic effects of IR. Since upregulation of SLC25A1 is induced by adverse conditions in the tumor environment, exposure to IR, or both pharmacologic inhibition of SLC25A1 might be an effective strategy for radiosensitization of cancer cells particularly in chronically hypoxic tumor fractions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julian Hlouschek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Hansel
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Johann Matschke
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Since every cell of a multicellular organism contains the same genome, it is intriguing to understand why genetically homogenous cells are different from each other and what controls this. Several observations indicate that DNA methylation has an essential regulatory function in mammalian development, which is to establish the correct pattern of gene expression, and that DNA methylation pattern is tightly correlated with chromatin structure. Various physiological processes are controlled by specific DNA methylation patterns including genomic imprinting, inactivation of the X chromosome, regulation of tissue-specific gene expression and repression of transposons. Moreover, aberrant methylation could confer a selective advantage to cells, leading to cancerous growth. In this review we focus on the epigenetic molecular mechanisms during normal development and discuss how DNA methylation could affect the expression of genes leading to cancer transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Macaluso
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vaz M, Hwang SY, Kagiampakis I, Phallen J, Patil A, O'Hagan HM, Murphy L, Zahnow CA, Gabrielson E, Velculescu VE, Easwaran HP, Baylin SB. Chronic Cigarette Smoke-Induced Epigenomic Changes Precede Sensitization of Bronchial Epithelial Cells to Single-Step Transformation by KRAS Mutations. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:360-376.e6. [PMID: 28898697 PMCID: PMC5596892 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We define how chronic cigarette smoke-induced time-dependent epigenetic alterations can sensitize human bronchial epithelial cells for transformation by a single oncogene. The smoke-induced chromatin changes include initial repressive polycomb marking of genes, later manifesting abnormal DNA methylation by 10 months. At this time, cells exhibit epithelial-to-mesenchymal changes, anchorage-independent growth, and upregulated RAS/MAPK signaling with silencing of hypermethylated genes, which normally inhibit these pathways and are associated with smoking-related non-small cell lung cancer. These cells, in the absence of any driver gene mutations, now transform by introducing a single KRAS mutation and form adenosquamous lung carcinomas in mice. Thus, epigenetic abnormalities may prime for changing oncogene senescence to addiction for a single key oncogene involved in lung cancer initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Vaz
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Stephen Y Hwang
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ioannis Kagiampakis
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jillian Phallen
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ashwini Patil
- Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Heather M O'Hagan
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA; Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lauren Murphy
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Cynthia A Zahnow
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Hariharan P Easwaran
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Stephen B Baylin
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perumal N, Perumal M, Kannan A, Subramani K, Halagowder D, Sivasithamparam N. Morin impedes Yap nuclear translocation and fosters apoptosis through suppression of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling in Mst1 overexpressed HepG2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 355:124-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
22
|
Attri KS, Murthy D, Singh PK. Racial disparity in metabolic regulation of cancer. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2017; 22:1221-1246. [PMID: 28199202 DOI: 10.2741/4543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mutations and metabolic reprogramming are two key hallmarks of cancer, required for proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of the disease. While genetic mutations, whether inherited or acquired, are critical for the initiation of tumor development, metabolic reprogramming is an effector mechanism imperative for adaptational transition during the progression of cancer. Recent findings in the literature emphasize the significance of molecular cross-talk between these two cellular processes in regulating signaling and differentiation of cancer cells. Genome-wide sequencing analyses of cancer genomes have highlighted the association of various genic mutations in predicting cancer risk and survival. Oncogenic mutational frequency is heterogeneously distributed among various cancer types in different populations, resulting in varying susceptibility to cancer risk. In this review, we explore and discuss the role of genetic mutations in metabolic enzymes and metabolic oncoregulators to stratify cancer risk in persons of different racial backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep S Attri
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Divya Murthy
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198, USA,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kikuchi M, Katoh H, Waraya M, Tanaka Y, Ishii S, Tanaka T, Nishizawa N, Yokoi K, Minatani N, Ema A, Kosaka Y, Tanino H, Yamashita K, Watanabe M. Epigenetic silencing of HOPX contributes to cancer aggressiveness in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2016; 384:70-78. [PMID: 27756570 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic silencing of HOPX has been shown to be frequent and specific in human cancers. HOPX is thought as a tumor suppressor gene and its promoter methylation is the main mechanism of down-regulation. In non-hereditary breast cancer, since roles of epigenetic modifications are more critical than in other cancers, the aim of this study is to seek into the roles and clinical relevance of epigenetic silencing of HOPX. Down-regulation of HOPX was observed in all human breast cancer cell lines tested. The promoter methylation was found in six of seven cell lines, and demethylating agents restored HOPX expression. The promoter methylation was cancer-specific in human breast tissues. Forced expression of HOPX attenuated anchorage-independent growth in vitro. HOPX promoter methylation independently predicted worse prognosis of breast cancer patients. Of note, HOPX promoter methylation was significantly associated with HER2 positivity as well as advanced lymph node metastasis. HOPX promoter methylation is not only frequent and cancer-specific but also associated with aggressive phenotype in breast cancer. Epigenetic silencing of HOPX may have clinical potential as a biomarker in the treatment strategy of breast cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Kikuchi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katoh
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mina Waraya
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshimichi Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Nishizawa
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keigo Yokoi
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Minatani
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Ema
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tanino
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keishi Yamashita
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mutant DNA methylation regulators endow hematopoietic stem cells with the preleukemic stem cell property, a requisite of leukemia initiation and relapse. Front Med 2016; 9:412-20. [PMID: 26482067 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-015-0423-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutations are considered to drive the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). With therapid progress in sequencing technologies, many newly reported genes that are recurrently mutated in AML have been found to govern the initiation and relapse of AML. These findings suggest the need to distinguish the driver mutations, especially the most primitive single mutation, from the subsequent passenger mutations. Recent research on DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) mutations provides the first proof-of-principle investigation on the identification of preleukemic stem cells (pre-LSCs) in AML patients. Although DNMT3A mutations alone may only transform hematopoietic stem cells into pre-LSCs without causing the full-blown leukemia, the function of this driver mutation appear to persist from AML initiation up to relapse. Therefore, identifying and targeting preleukemic mutations, such as DNMT3A mutations, in AML is a promising strategy for treatment and reduction of relapse risk.
Collapse
|
25
|
Fišerová A, Richter J, Čapková K, Bieblová J, Mikyšková R, Reiniš M, Indrová M. Resistance of novel mouse strains different in MHC class I and the NKC domain to the development of experimental tumors. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:763-72. [PMID: 27279019 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the immunological mechanisms critical for tumor progression, we bred novel mouse strains, different in the NKC and H-2D domains. We used inbreeding to generate hybrids of Balb/c and C57BL/6 of stable H-2Db+d-NK1.1neg and H-2Db-d+NK1.1high phenotypes. We analyzed the growth of three established MHC class I-deficient tumor cell lines: TC-1/A9 tumor (HPV-associated) and B16F10 melanoma, both syngeneic to C57BL/6, and the MCB8 (3-methycholanthrene-induced tumor) syngeneic to Balb/c. Furthermore, we induced colorectal carcinoma by azoxymethane-DSS treatment to test the susceptibility to chemically-induced primary cancer. We found that the novel strains spontaneously regressed the tumor transplants syngeneic to both Balb/c (MCB8) and C57BL/6 (B16F10 and TC-1/A9) mice. The H2-Db+d-NK1.1neg, but not the H2-Db-d+NK1.1high strain was also highly resistant to chemically-induced colorectal cancer in comparison to the parental mice. The immune changes during TC-1/A9 cancer development involved an increase of the NK cell distribution in the peripheral blood and spleen along with higher expression of NKG2D activation antigen; this was in correlation with the time-dependent rise of cytotoxic activity in comparison to C57BL/6 mice. The TC-1/A9 cancer regression was accompanied by higher proportion of B cells in the spleen and B220+/CD86+ activated antigen-presenting B cells distributed in the lymphoid organs, as well as in the periphery. The changes in the T-cell population were represented mainly by the prevalence of T helper cells reflected by grown CD4/CD8 ratio, most prominent in the b+d-NK1.1neg strain. The results of the present study imply usefulness of the two novel mouse strains as an experimental model for further studies of tumor resistance mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fišerová
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sportovců 2311, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sportovců 2311, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Čapková
- Department of Health Care Disciplines and Population Protection, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Sportovců 2311, 27201 Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Bieblová
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Mikyšková
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Reiniš
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Indrová
- Department of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the AS CR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Division BIOCEV, Průmyslová 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
ITPKA Gene Body Methylation Regulates Gene Expression and Serves as an Early Diagnostic Marker in Lung and Other Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2016; 11:1469-81. [PMID: 27234602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite recent advances in cancer therapy, the overall 5-year survival rate of patients with lung cancer remains low. The aim of our study was to search for novel markers for early diagnosis in patients with lung cancer. METHODS Complementary DNA microarray analysis was performed in primary lung adenocarcinomas and cell lines to search for differentially expressed genes, followed by in vivo and in vitro tumorigenic assays to characterize the oncogenic potential of the candidate genes. Gene body methylation was analyzed by 450K methylation array, bisulfite sequencing, and quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction assays. In silico analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data set was also performed. RESULTS Inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase A gene (ITPKA), a kinase with limited tissue distribution, was identified as a potential oncogene. We showed that ITPKA expression is up-regulated in many forms of cancers, including lung and breast cancers, and that overexpressed ITPKA contributes to tumorigenesis. We also demonstrated that ITPKA expression is regulated by epigenetic DNA methylation of ITPKA gene body through modulation of the binding of SP1 transcription factor to the ITPKA promoter. ITPKA gene body displayed low or absent levels of methylation in most normal tissue but was significantly methylated in malignant tumors. In lung cancer, ITPKA gene body methylation first appeared at the in situ carcinoma stage and progressively increased after invasion. CONCLUSIONS ITPKA is a potential oncogene that it is overexpressed in most tumors, and its overexpression promotes tumorigenesis. ITPKA gene body methylation regulates its expression and thus serves as a novel and potential biomarker for early cancer detection.
Collapse
|
27
|
Catanzaro D, Ragazzi E, Vianello C, Caparrotta L, Montopoli M. Effect of Quercetin on Cell Cycle and Cyclin Expression in Ovarian Carcinoma and Osteosarcoma Cell Lines. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs is a major problem in cancer treatment. The search for new interventions able to overcome this resistance may involve compounds of natural origin, such as flavonoids, ubiquitously present in many foods. In the present study, the cytotoxic effects and cell cycle modulation of the flavonoid quercetin were investigated in ovarian carcinoma (SKOV3) and osteosarcoma (U2OS) human cell lines and in their cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant counterparts (SKOV3/CDDP and U2OSPt cells, respectively). Quercetin (10–50 μM) caused evident changes in the distribution of cell cycle phases in the CDDP-resistant SKOV3/CDDP ovarian cell line. The levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 were determined by means of Western blot in all cell lines incubated with quercetin (50 μM) for 48 hours. The cyclin D1 expression was significantly decreased following the treatment with quercetin in SKOV3 and U2OSPt cells, but not in SKOV3/CDDP and U2OS cells. The reduction of cyclin D1 level could be linked to the G1/S phase alteration found in quercetin-treated cells. Although cyclin B1 is required for G2/M phase, and despite our observation that quercetin influenced the G2/M phase of cell cycle, the flavonoid did not affect cyclin B1 levels in all cell lines, indicating the involvement of other possible mechanisms. These results suggest that quercetin, exceeding the resistance to CDDP, might become an interesting tool to evaluate cytotoxic activity in combination with chemotherapy drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catanzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ragazzi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Caterina Vianello
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Caparrotta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang B, Ji K, Wang Y, Li Y, Tang Y, Gu J, Cai L. Exposure to low dose cadmium enhances FL83B cells proliferation through down-regulation of caspase-8 by DNA hypermethylation. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2015; 4:248-259. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tx00107a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is classified as a human carcinogen probably associated with epigenetic change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology
- The Second Clinical Medical School of Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities (Inner Mongolia Forestry General Hospital)
- Hulun Buir
- China
- Molecular Pathological Research Institute of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities
| | - Kun Ji
- Department of Pathophysiology
- Shenyang Medical College
- Shenyang
- China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pathophysiology
- Norman Bethune College of Medicine
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- China
| | - Yufeng Tang
- Department of Orthopedic trauma
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Junlian Gu
- Department of Pathology
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital
- Shandong University
- Jinan
- China
| | - Lu Cai
- Departments of Pediatrics
- Radiation Oncology and Pharmacology & Toxicology
- University of Louisville
- Louisville
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen C, Wang X, Xiong X, Liu Q, Huang Y, Xu Q, Hu J, Ge G, Ling K. Targeting type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase inhibits breast cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2014; 34:4635-46. [PMID: 25486426 PMCID: PMC4459944 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Most deaths from breast cancer are caused by metastasis, a complex behavior of cancer cells involving migration, invasion, survival, and microenvironment manipulation. Type Iγ phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIγ) regulates focal adhesion assembly, and its phosphorylation at Y639 is critical for cell migration induced by EGF. However, the role of this lipid kinase in tumor metastasis remains unclear. Here we report that PIPKIγ is vital for breast cancer metastasis. Y639 of PIPKIγ can be phosphorylated by stimulation of EGF and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), two promoting factors for breast cancer progression. Histological analysis revealed elevated Y639-phosphorylation of PIPKIγ in invasive ductal carcinoma lesions and suggested a positive correlation with tumor grade. Orthotopically transplanted, PIPKIγ-depleted breast cancer cells showed substantially reduced growth and metastasis, as well as suppressed expression of multiple genes related to cell migration and microenvironment manipulation. Re-expression of wild-type PIPKIγ in PIPKIγ-depleted cells restored tumor growth and metastasis, reinforcing the importance of PIPKIγ in breast cancer progression. Y639-to-F or a kinase-dead mutant of PIPKIγ could not recover the diminished metastasis in PIPKIγ-depleted cancer cells, suggesting that Y639 phosphorylation and lipid kinase activity are both required for development of metastasis. Further analysis with in vitro assays indicated that depleting PIPKIγ inhibited cell proliferation, MMP9 secretion, and cell migration and invasion, lending molecular mechanisms for the eliminated cancer progression. These results suggest that PIPKIγ, downstream of EGF and/or HGF receptor, participates in breast cancer progression from multiple aspects and deserves further studies to explore its potential as a therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - X Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - X Xiong
- Peggy and Charles Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma University Medicine, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Q Liu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Q Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Hypertension and Nephrology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - G Ge
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - K Ling
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Cancer Center, College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pentimalli F, Indovina P, Giordano A. Retinoblastoma beyondRB1: recent advances in genetic biomarkers. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1586/eop.10.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
31
|
Yuan D, Ye S, Pan Y, Bao Y, Chen H, Shao C. Long-term cadmium exposure leads to the enhancement of lymphocyte proliferation via down-regulating p16 by DNA hypermethylation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2013; 757:125-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Sponziello M, Lavarone E, Pegolo E, Di Loreto C, Puppin C, Russo MA, Bruno R, Filetti S, Durante C, Russo D, Di Cristofano A, Damante G. Molecular differences between human thyroid follicular adenoma and carcinoma revealed by analysis of a murine model of thyroid cancer. Endocrinology 2013; 154:3043-53. [PMID: 23751876 PMCID: PMC3749486 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mouse models can provide useful information to understand molecular mechanisms of human tumorigenesis. In this study, the conditional thyroid mutagenesis of Pten and Ras genes in the mouse, which induces very aggressive follicular carcinomas (FTCs), has been used to identify genes differentially expressed among human normal thyroid tissue (NT), follicular adenoma (FA), and FTC. Global gene expression of mouse FTC was compared with that of mouse normal thyroids: 911 genes were found deregulated ± 2-fold in FTC samples. Then the expression of 45 deregulated genes in mouse tumors was investigated by quantitative RT-PCR in a first cohort of human NT, FA, and FTC (discovery group). Five genes were found significantly down-regulated in FA and FTC compared with NT. However, 17 genes were found differentially expressed between FA and FTC: 5 and 12 genes were overexpressed and underexpressed in FTC vs FA, respectively. Finally, 7 gene products, selected from results obtained in the discovery group, were investigated in a second cohort of human tumors (validation group) by immunohistochemistry. Four proteins showed significant differences between FA and FTC (peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-γ, serum deprivation response protein, osteoglycin, and dipeptidase 1). Altogether our data indicate that the establishment of an enriched panel of molecular biomarkers using data coming from mouse thyroid tumors and validated in human specimens may help to set up a more valid platform to further improve diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Sponziello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università di Roma “Sapienza,” 00161 Roma, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Devaney JM, Wang S, Funda S, Long J, Taghipour DJ, Tbaishat R, Furbert-Harris P, Ittmann M, Kwabi-Addo B. Identification of novel DNA-methylated genes that correlate with human prostate cancer and high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013; 16:292-300. [PMID: 23896626 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2013.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Revised: 06/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) harbors a myriad of genomic and epigenetic defects. Cytosine methylation of CpG-rich promoter DNA is an important mechanism of epigenetic gene inactivation in PCa. There is considerable amount of data to suggest that DNA methylation-based biomarkers may be useful for the early detection and diagnosis of PCa. In addition, candidate gene-based studies have shown an association between specific gene methylation and alterations and clinicopathologic indicators of poor prognosis in PCa. METHODS To more comprehensively identify DNA methylation alterations in PCa initiation and progression, we examined the methylation status of 485 577 CpG sites from regions with a broad spectrum of CpG densities, interrogating both gene-associated and non-associated regions using the recently developed Illumina 450K methylation platform. RESULTS In all, we selected 33 promoter-associated novel CpG sites that were differentially methylated in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and PCa in comparison with benign prostate tissue samples (false discovery rate-adjusted P-value <0.05; β-value 0.2; fold change >1.5). Of the 33 genes, hierarchical clustering analysis demonstrated BNC1, FZD1, RPL39L, SYN2, LMX1B, CXXC5, ZNF783 and CYB5R2 as top candidate novel genes that are frequently methylated and whose methylation was associated with inactivation of gene expression in PCa cell lines. Pathway analysis of the genes with altered methylation patterns identified the involvement of a cancer-related network of genes whose activity may be regulated by TP53, MYC, TNF, IL1 and 6, IFN-γ and FOS in prostate pathogenesis. CONCLUSION Our genome-wide methylation profile shows epigenetic dysregulation of important regulatory signals in prostate carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Devaney
- Children's National Medical Center, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Shankar S, Kumar D, Srivastava RK. Epigenetic modifications by dietary phytochemicals: implications for personalized nutrition. Pharmacol Ther 2013; 138:1-17. [PMID: 23159372 PMCID: PMC4153856 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the study of epigenetic modification emerged as one of the major areas of cancer treatment targeted by dietary phytochemicals. Recent studies with various types of cancers revealed that the epigenetic modifications are associated with the food source corresponds to dietary phytochemicals. The dietary phytochemicals have been used in Asian countries for thousands of years to cure several diseases including cancer. They have been reported to modulate the several biological processes including histone modification, DNA methylation and non-coding microRNA expression. These events play a vital role in carcinogenesis. Various studies suggest that a number of dietary compounds present in vegetables, spices and other herbal products have epigenetic targets in cancer cells. Dietary phytochemicals have been reported to repair DNA damage by enhancing histone acetylation that helps to restrain cell death, and also alter DNA methylation. These phytochemicals are able to modulate epigenetic modifications and their targets to cure several cancers. Epigenetic aberrations dynamically contribute to cancer pathogenesis. Given the individualized traits of epigenetic biomarkers, the personalized nutrition will help us to prevent various types of cancer. In this review, we will discuss the effect of dietary phytochemicals on genetic and epigenetic modifications and how these modifications help to prevent various types of cancers and improve health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharmila Shankar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Siddiqi S, Matushansky I. Piwis and piwi-interacting RNAs in the epigenetics of cancer. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:373-80. [PMID: 21928326 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests that cancer cells acquire "stem-like" epigenetic and signaling characteristics during the tumorigenic process, including global DNA hypo-methylation, gene-specific DNA hyper-methylation, and small RNA deregulation. RNAs have been known to be epigenetic regulators, both in stem cells and in differentiated cells. A novel class of small RNAs, called piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), maintains genome integrity by epigenetically silencing transposons via DNA methylation, especially in germline stem cells. piRNAs interact exclusively with the Piwi family of proteins. The human Piwi ortholog, Hiwi, has been found to be aberrantly expressed in a variety of human cancers and in some, its expression correlates with poor clinical prognosis. However, there has been little investigation into the potential role that Piwi and piRNAs might play in contributing to the "stem-like" epigenetic state of a cancer. This review will highlight the current evidence supporting the importance of Piwi and piRNAs in the epigenetics of cancer and provide a potential model for the role of Piwi and piRNAs in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Siddiqi
- Integrated Program, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Klein A, Sagi-Assif O, Izraely S, Meshel T, Pasmanik-Chor M, Nahmias C, Couraud PO, Erez N, Hoon DS, Witz IP. The metastatic microenvironment: Brain-derived soluble factors alter the malignant phenotype of cutaneous and brain-metastasizing melanoma cells. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2509-18. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
37
|
Abstract
Over 150,000 cancer patients will be diagnosed with brain metastases this year alone. Survival for those diagnosed with brain metastases remains poor despite multimodality management with surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Preventative strategies to mitigate brain metastases have met with mixed results. In leukemia and small cell lung cancer there are defined roles for preventative radiation to be delivered, which can result in improved local control and survival. There is a less defined role for preventative radiation in locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer and budding interest for radiation prevention in breast cancer. The potential impact preventative cranial irradiation may have on neurocognitive function and quality of life needs to be considered prior to its administration.
Collapse
|
38
|
Habashy HO, Powe DG, Abdel-Fatah TM, Gee JMW, Nicholson RI, Green AR, Rakha EA, Ellis IO. A review of the biological and clinical characteristics of luminal-like oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Histopathology 2011; 60:854-63. [PMID: 21906125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03912.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Global gene expression profiling (GEP) studies of breast cancer have identified distinct biological classes with different clinical and therapeutic implications. Oestrogen receptor (ER) has been found to be a central marker of the molecular signature. GEP studies have consistently recognized a molecularly distinct class of tumours that is characterized by high-level expression of ER and other biomarkers recognized to be characteristic of normal luminal cells of the breast. This class is the largest of the GEP-defined molecular subclasses, comprising 60-70% of breast cancer cases. Moreover, it has been proposed that this group of tumours is composed of at least two subclasses distinguished by differing GEP profiles. At present, there is no consensus on the definition of the luminal subclasses and, in clinical practice, luminal-like tumours and ER-positive tumours are frequently considered to be the same. A better understanding of the biological features of luminal tumours could lead to their improved characterization and consistent identification. In this review, we explore the concept and definitions of the luminal-like class of breast carcinoma and their contribution to our understanding of their molecular features, clinical significance and therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hany O Habashy
- Division of Pathology, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cyclin D1 expression and the inhibitory effect of celecoxib on ovarian tumor growth in vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:3999-4013. [PMID: 21152316 PMCID: PMC2996781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The report aims to investigate the relationship between the expression of cyclin D1 and Cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2), thus to explore the molecular mechanisms of the antitumor efficacy of Celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor. Human ovarian SKOV-3 carcinoma cell xenograft-bearing mice were treated with Celecoxib by infusing gaster (i.g.) twice/day for 21 days. The mRNA levels of COX-2 and cyclin D1 were determined by RT-PCR. The expression of cyclin D1 at the protein level was detected by immunohistochemistry, while COX-2 protein expression was determined by Western blot. A high-dose of Celecoxib (100 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth (P < 0.05), and the expression of cyclin D1 was reduced by 61%. Celecoxib decreased the proliferation cell index by 40% (P < 0.001) and increased apoptotic index by 52% (P < 0.05) in high-dose Celecoxib treated group. Our results suggest that the antitumor efficacy of Celecoxib against ovarian cancer in mice may in part be mediated through suppression of cyclin D1, which may contribute to its ability to suppress proliferation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Gu Y, Mi W, Ge Y, Liu H, Fan Q, Han C, Yang J, Han F, Lu X, Yu W. GlcNAcylation plays an essential role in breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res 2010; 70:6344-51. [PMID: 20610629 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GlcNAcylation, a dynamic posttranslational modification, is involved in a wide range of biological processes and some human diseases. Although there is emerging evidence that some tumor-associated proteins are modified by GlcNAcylation, the role of GlcNAcylation in tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we show that GlcNAcylation enhances the migration/invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro and lung metastasis in vivo. The decrease of cell surface E-cadherin is the molecular mechanism underlying GlcNAcylation-induced breast cancer metastasis. p120 and beta-catenin, but not E-cadherin, are GlcNAcylated; the GlcNAcylation of p120 and beta-catenin might play roles in the decrease of cell surface E-cadherin. Moreover, immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that the global GlcNAcylation level in breast tumor tissues is elevated significantly as compared with that in the corresponding adjacent tissues; further, GlcNAcylation was significantly enhanced in metastatic lymph nodes compared with their corresponding primary tumor tissues. This is the first report to clearly elucidate the roles and mechanisms whereby GlcNAcylation influences the malignant properties of breast cancer cells. These results also suggest that GlcNAcylation might be a potential target for the diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Gu
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Taghavi N, Biramijamal F, Sotoudeh M, Khademi H, Malekzadeh R, Moaven O, Memar B, A'rabi A, Abbaszadegan MR. p16INK4a hypermethylation and p53, p16 and MDM2 protein expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:138. [PMID: 20388212 PMCID: PMC2868052 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor suppressor genes p53 and p16INK4a and the proto-oncogene MDM2 are considered to be essential G1 cell cycle regulatory genes whose loss of function is associated with ESCC carcinogenesis. We assessed the aberrant methylation of the p16 gene and its impact on p16INK4a protein expression and correlations with p53 and MDM2 protein expressions in patients with ESCC in the Golestan province of northeastern Iran in which ESCC has the highest incidence of cancer, well above the world average. METHODS Cancerous tissues and the adjacent normal tissue obtained from 50 ESCC patients were assessed with Methylation-Specific-PCR to examine the methylation status of p16. The expression of p16, p53 and MDM2 proteins was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Abnormal expression of p16 and p53, but not MDM2, was significantly higher in the tumoral tissue. p53 was concomitantly accumulated in ESCC tumor along with MDM2 overexpression and p16 negative expression. Aberrant methylation of the p16INK4a gene was detected in 31/50 (62%) of esophageal tumor samples, while two of the adjacent normal mucosa were methylated (P < 0.001). p16INK4a aberrant methylation was significantly associated with decreased p16 protein expression (P = 0.033), as well as the overexpression of p53 (P = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS p16 hypermethylation is the principal mechanism of p16 protein underexpression and plays an important role in ESCC development. It is associated with p53 protein overexpression and may influence the accumulation of abnormally expressed proteins in p53-MDM2 and p16-Rb pathways, suggesting a possible cross-talk of the involved pathways in ESCC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noushin Taghavi
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Firouzeh Biramijamal
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Sotoudeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooman Khademi
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Malekzadeh
- Digestive Disease Research Center (DDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omeed Moaven
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bahram Memar
- Department of Pathology, Omid Hospital, MUMS, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azadeh A'rabi
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Abbaszadegan
- Division of Human Genetics, Immunology Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Indovina P, Acquaviva A, De Falco G, Rizzo V, Onnis A, Luzzi A, Giorgi F, Hadjistilianou T, Toti P, Tomei V, Pentimalli F, Carugi A, Giordano A. Downregulation and aberrant promoter methylation of p16INK4A: a possible novel heritable susceptibility marker to retinoblastoma. J Cell Physiol 2010; 223:143-50. [PMID: 20039270 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
RB loss has long been recognized as the causative genetic alteration underlying retinoblastoma but it is increasingly evident that other alterations are required for the tumor to develop. Therefore, we set out to identify additional inheritable susceptibility markers and new potential preventive and therapeutic targets for retinoblastoma. We focused on the p16INK4A tumor suppressor gene because of its possible role in retinoblastoma pathogenesis and its involvement in predisposition to familial cancer. p16INK4A expression was analyzed in tumor samples from retinoblastoma patients by immunohistochemistry and in peripheral blood cells from both patients and their parents by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR). Since promoter methylation is a common mechanism regulating p16INK4A expression, the methylation status of its promoter was also analyzed in blood samples from patients and their parents by methylation-specific PCR. A downregulation of p16INK4A was observed in 55% of retinoblastoma patients. Interestingly, in 56% of the cases showing p16INK4A downregulation at least one of the patients' parents bore the same alteration in blood cells. Analysis of p16INK4A promoter methylation showed hypermethylation in most patients with p16INK4A downregulation and in the parents with the same alteration in p16INK4A expression. The finding that p16INK4A was downregulated both in patients and their parents suggests that this alteration could be a novel inheritable susceptibility marker to retinoblastoma. The observation that p16INK4A downregulation seems to be due to its promoter hypermethylation opens the way for the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies using demethylating agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Indovina
- Department of Human Pathology and Oncology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sun Y, Turbin DA, Ling K, Thapa N, Leung S, Huntsman DG, Anderson RA. Type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase modulates invasion and proliferation and its expression correlates with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2010; 12:R6. [PMID: 20074374 PMCID: PMC2880426 DOI: 10.1186/bcr2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/14/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The loss of E-cadherin based cell-cell contacts and tumor cell migration to the vasculature and lymphatic system are hallmarks of metastasis of epithelial cancers. Type I gamma phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase (PIPKIγ), an enzyme that generates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) a lipid messenger and precursor to many additional second messengers, was found to regulate E-cadherin cell-cell contacts and growth factor-stimulated directional cell migration, indicating that PIPKIγ regulates key steps in metastasis. Here, we assess the expression of PIPKIγ in breast cancers and have shown that expression correlated with disease progression and outcome. Methods Using a tissue microarray, we analyzed 438 breast carcinomas for the levels of PIPKIγ and investigated the correlation of PIPKIγ expression with patient survival via Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Moreover, via knockdown of the expression of PIPKIγ in cultured breast cancer cells with siRNA, the roles of PIPKIγ in breast cancer migration, invasion, and proliferation were examined. Results Tissue microarray data shows that ~18% of the cohort immunostained showed high expression of PIPKIγ. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a significant inverse correlation between strong PIPKIγ expression and overall patient survival. Expression of PIPKIγ correlated positively with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression, which regulates breast cancer progression and metastasis. In cultured breast cancer cells, PIPKIγ is required for growth factor stimulated migration, invasion, and proliferation of cells. Conclusions The results reveal a significant correlation between PIPKIγ expression and the progression of breast cancer. This is consistent with PIPKIγ 's role in breast cancer cell migration, invasion, and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
It has become increasingly evident that the study of DNA is inadequate to explain many, if not most, aspects of the development and progression of neoplastic lesions from pre-invasive lesions to metastasis. Thus, the term "genetic" can no longer refer to just the study of the genome. Much of the action in genetic research now shifts to the methods by which the pre-mRNA from one gene is processed to yield multiple different proteins, different quantities of the same protein as well as other forms of regulating RNA. Thus, the age of post-transcriptional processing and epigenetic control of the transfer of information from the genome has arrived. The mechanisms of post-transcriptional processing and epigenetic control that must be characterized in greater detail including alternate splicing, regulation of mRNA degradation, RNA regulatory factors including those factors which extensively edit mRNAs, control of translation, and control of protein stability and degradation. This chapter reviews many of the processes that control information from the genome to proteins and how these factors lead from less than 40,000 genes to more than an order of magnitude increase more proteins which actually control the phenotypes of cells - normal or neoplastic. It is usually the products of genes (e.g., mRNA, microRNA and proteins) that are the molecular markers that will control translational research and ultimately, individualized (personal) medical approaches to disease. This chapter emphasizes how the process of neoplasia "hijacks" the normal processes of cellular operations, especially those processes that are important in the normal development of the organisms - including proliferation, cellular death, angiogenesis, cellular mobility and invasion, and immunoregulation to ensure neoplastic development, survival and progression. This chapter reviews the wide range of processes controlling the information that flows from the genome to proteins and emphasizes how molecular steps in pure processes can be used as biomarkers to study prevention, treatment and/or management of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Srivastava
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Masamha CP, Benbrook DM. Cyclin D1 degradation is sufficient to induce G1 cell cycle arrest despite constitutive expression of cyclin E2 in ovarian cancer cells. Cancer Res 2009; 69:6565-72. [PMID: 19638577 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
D- and E-type cyclins mediate G(1)-S phase cell cycle progression through activation of specific cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk) that phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein (pRb), thereby alleviating repression of E2F-DP transactivation of S-phase genes. Cyclin D1 is often overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Loss of cyclin D can cause G(1) arrest in some cells, but in other cellular contexts, the downstream cyclin E protein can substitute for cyclin D and facilitate G(1)-S progression. The objective of this study was to determine if a flexible heteroarotinoid anticancer compound, SHetA2, regulates cell cycle proteins and cell cycle progression in ovarian cancer cells. SHetA2 induced cyclin D1 phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and proteasomal degradation, causing G(1) arrest in ovarian cancer cells despite continued cyclin E2 expression and independently of p53 and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Cyclin D1 loss inhibited pRb S780 phosphorylation by cyclin D1-cdk4/6 and released p21 from cyclin D1-cdk4/6-p21 protein complexes to form cyclin E2-cdk2-p21 complexes, which repressed phosphorylation of pRb S612 by cyclin E2-cdk2 and ultimately E2F-DP transcriptional activity. G(1) arrest was prevented by overexpression or preventing degradation of cyclin D1 but not by restoration of pRb S612 phosphorylation through p21 knockdown. In conclusion, we show that loss of cyclin D1 in ovarian cancer cells treated with SHetA2 is sufficient to induce G(1) cell cycle arrest and this strategy is not impeded by the presence of cyclin E2. Therefore, cyclin D1 is a sufficient therapeutic target in ovarian cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chioniso Patience Masamha
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, 73104, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The interaction between microenvironmental components and tumor cells is bidirectional. Tumor cells and their products are capable of regulating and altering gene expression in nontumor cells residing in or infiltrating into the microenvironment and exert selective pressures on such cells, thereby shaping their phenotype. Conversely, microenvironmental components regulate gene expression in tumor cells thereby directing the tumor into one or several possible molecular evolution pathways, some of which may lead to metastasis. This review summarizes six instances in which the tumor liaises with different components of its microenvironment. These liaisons result, in most cases, in enhanced tumor progression. In these cases (responses of tumor and nontumor cells to microenvironmental stress, the interaction of the tumor with fibroblasts, endothelial cells and macrophages, the formation of the metastatic niche, and the interaction of the tumor with immunoglobulins) the tumor, directly or indirectly, alters the phenotype of its interaction partners thereby enlisting them to promote its progression. Does the tumor need all these pathways to form metastasis? Is there a hierarchy of interactions with respect to impact on tumor progression? These questions remain open. They may be answered by approaches employed in the analysis of hypercomplex systems.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abstract
Alteration in epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a frequent event in human cancer. CpG island hypermethylation and downregulation is observed for many genes involved in a diverse range of functions and pathways that become deregulated in cancer. Paradoxically, global hypomethylation is a hallmark of almost all human cancers. Methylation profiles can be used as molecular markers to distinguish subtypes of cancers and potentially as predictors of disease outcome and treatment response. The role of epigenetics in diagnosis and treatment is likely to increase as mechanisms leading to the transcriptional silencing of genes involved in human cancers are revealed. Drugs that inhibit methylation are used both as a research tool to assess reactivation of genes silenced in cancer by hypermethylation and in the treatment of some hematological malignancies. Multidimensional analysis, evaluating genetic and epigenetic alterations on a global and locus-specific scale in human cancer, is imperative to understand mechanisms driving changes in gene dosage, and as a means towards identifying pathways driving cancer initiation and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Vucic
- British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Department of Cancer Genetics and Developmental Biology, 675 West 10th Avenue, V5Z 1L3, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang J, Sasco AJ, Fu C, Xue H, Guo G, Hua Z, Zhou Q, Jiang Q, Xu B. Aberrant DNA methylation of P16, MGMT, and hMLH1 genes in combination with MTHFR C677T genetic polymorphism in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:118-25. [PMID: 18199718 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the role of aberrant hypermethylation of cancer-related genes, such as P16, MGMT, and hMLH1, in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) as well as its relation to dietary folate intake and MTHFR C677T polymorphism, we conducted a molecular epidemiologic study in China. One hundred and twenty-five histologically confirmed ESCC patients having undergone surgery in the Yangzhong People's Hospital between January 2005 and March 2006 were recruited. The aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of P16, MGMT, and hMLH1 genes could be found in cancer tissues with frequency of about 88.0%, 27.2%, and 3.2%, respectively, and in remote normal-appearing esophageal tissues with frequency of about 36.8%, 11.2%, and 0.0%, respectively. No hypermethylation was found in the normal esophageal tissues from healthy controls. Compared with those patients without lymph node metastasis, MGMT gene showed a higher proportion of hypermethylation in cancer tissues, whereas P16 gene showed a higher proportion of hypermethylation in remote normal-appearing esophageal tissues in patients with lymph node metastasis. A significant association was found between MTHFR C677T genetic polymorphism and CpG island methylation status of MGMT gene. After adjustment for potential confounders, individuals carrying CT or TT genotype have higher frequency of hypermethylation in MGMT gene in cancer tissues, with odds ratio of 3.34 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-10.39) and 3.83 (95% confidence interval, 1.13-12.94), respectively. This study indicated that the aberrant CpG island hypermethylation of cancer-related genes was associated with ESCC and might be a promising biomarker in diagnosis and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JianMing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Guo H, Lin Y, Zhang H, Liu J, Zhang N, Li Y, Kong D, Tang Q, Ma D. Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 was repressed by CpG hypermethylation through inhibition of KLF6 binding in highly invasive breast cancer cells. BMC Mol Biol 2007; 8:110. [PMID: 18053161 PMCID: PMC2233638 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-8-110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tissue factor pathway inhibitor-2 (TFPI-2) is a matrix-associated Kunitz inhibitor that inhibits plasmin and trypsin-mediated activation of zymogen matrix metalloproteinases involved in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. Here, we have investigated the mechanism of DNA methylation on the repression of TFPI-2 in breast cancer cell lines. Results We found that both protein and mRNA of TFPI-2 could not be detected in highly invasive breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-435. To further investigate the mechanism of TFPI-2 repression in breast cancer cells, 1.5 Kb TFPI-2 promoter was cloned, and several genetic variations were detected, but the promoter luciferase activities were not affected by the point mutation in the promoter region and the phenomena was further supported by deleted mutation. Scan mutation and informatics analysis identified a potential KLF6 binding site in TFPI-2 promoter. It was revealed, by bisulfite modified sequence, that the CpG island in TFPI-2 promoter region was hypermethylated in MDA-MB-435. Finally, using EMSA and ChIP assay, we demonstrated that the CpG methylation in the binding site of KLF-6 diminished the binding of KLF6 to TFPI-2 promoter. Conclusion In this study, we found that the CpG islands in TFPI-2 promoter was hypermethylated in highly invasive breast cancer cell line, and DNA methylation in the entire promoter region caused TFPI-2 repression by inducing inactive chromatin structure and decreasing KLF6 binding to its DNA binding sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongshen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Yixueyuan Road 138#, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nadav L, Katz BZ, Baron S, Cohen N, Naparstek E, Geiger B. The generation and regulation of functional diversity of malignant plasma cells. Cancer Res 2007; 66:8608-16. [PMID: 16951174 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellular diversity, which is a hallmark of malignancy, can be generated by both genetic and nongenetic mechanisms. We describe here variability in the adhesive and migratory behavior of malignant plasma cell populations, including multiple myeloma-derived lines and primary patient samples. Examination of the plasma cell lines ARH-77, CAG, and AKR revealed two distinct subpopulations of cells, one displaying highly adhesive properties (type A) and the other consisting of poorly adhesive, floating cells (type F). In the ARH-77 cell line, type A cells attach better to fibronectin and to human bone fragments and form paxillin-rich focal adhesions, whereas type F cells are highly motile and exert integrin-dependent bone marrow homing capacity in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice. Flow cytometry indicated that type A cells express significantly higher levels of CD45 and CD56 and lower levels of CD138 compared with type F cells. Interestingly, culturing of either type A or type F cells under nonselective conditions resulted in the development of mixed cell population similar to the parental ARH-77 cells. Analysis of bone marrow aspirates of multiple myeloma patients revealed that spicules within the aspirates are enriched with type A-like cells. Nonadherent cells within the aspirate fluids express a marker profile similar to type F cells. This study indicates that multiple myeloma patients contain heterogeneous populations of malignant plasma cells that display distinct properties. Diverse subpopulations of malignant plasma cells may play distinct roles in the different biological and clinical manifestations of plasma cell dyscrasias, including bone dissemination and selective adhesion to bone marrow compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liat Nadav
- The Molecular Cell Biology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|