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Zhou F, Gao H, Shang L, Li J, Zhang M, Wang S, Li R, Ye L, Yang S. Oridonin promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress via TP53-repressed TCF4 transactivation in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:150. [PMID: 37337284 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02702-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer and cancer death rate are increasing every year, and the affected population is becoming younger. Traditional Chinese medicine therapy has a unique effect in prolonging survival time and improving the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. Oridonin has been reported to have anti-cancer effects in a variety of tumors, but the exact mechanism remains to be investigated. METHODS Cell Counting Kit-8 assay (CCK8) and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assay, Tranwell, and Wound healing assays were performed to measure cell proliferation, invasion, and migration capacities, respectively. The protein and mRNA expression levels of various molecules were reflected by Western blot and Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Transcription Factor 4 (TCF4) and its target genes were analyzed by Position Weight Matrices (PWMs) software and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Immunofluorescence (IF) was performed to visualize the expression and position of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers. The morphology of the ER was demonstrated by the ER tracker-red. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels were measured using a flow cytometer (FCM) or fluorescent staining. Calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration was quantified by Fluo-3 AM staining. Athymic nude mice were modeled with subcutaneous xenografts. RESULTS Oridonin inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of colorectal cancer, and this effect was weakened in a concentration-dependent manner by ER stress inhibitors. In addition, oridonin-induced colorectal tumor cells showed increased expression of ER stress biomarkers, loose morphology of ER, increased vesicles, and irregular shape. TCF4 was identified as a regulator of ER stress by PWMs software and GEO survival analysis. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that TCF4 inhibited ER stress, reduced ROS production, and maintained Ca2+ homeostasis. In addition, oridonin also activated TP53 and inhibited TCF4 transactivation, further exacerbating the elevated ROS levels and calcium ion release in tumor cells and inhibiting tumorigenesis in colorectal cancer cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Oridonin upregulated TP53, inhibited TCF4 transactivation, and induced ER stress dysregulation in tumor cells, promoting colorectal cancer cell death. Therefore, TCF4 may be one of the important nodes for tumor cells to regulate ER stress and maintain protein synthesis homeostasis. And the inhibition of the TP53/TCF4 axis plays a key role in the anti-cancer effects of oridonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Zhou
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Luorui Shang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jinxiao Li
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Shuhan Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Runze Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
| | - Shenglan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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2
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Palamarchuk AI, Kovalenko EI, Streltsova MA. Multiple Actions of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase in Cell Death Regulation. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11041091. [PMID: 37189709 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11041091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), a core part of telomerase, has been known for a long time only for its telomere lengthening function by reverse transcription of RNA template. Currently, TERT is considered as an intriguing link between multiple signaling pathways. The diverse intracellular localization of TERT corresponds to a wide range of functional activities. In addition to the canonical function of protecting chromosome ends, TERT by itself or as a part of the telomerase complex participates in cell stress responses, gene regulation and mitochondria functioning. Upregulation of TERT expression and increased telomerase activity in cancer and somatic cells relate to improved survival and persistence of such cells. In this review, we summarize the data for a comprehensive understanding of the role of TERT in cell death regulation, with a focus on the interaction of TERT with signaling pathways involved in cell survival and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I. Palamarchuk
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Kovalenko
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria A. Streltsova
- Shemyakin & Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ul. Miklukho-Maklaya 16/10, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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3
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A Novel Role of the TRPM4 Ion Channel in Exocytosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111793. [PMID: 35681487 PMCID: PMC9180413 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, the widely expressed calcium-activated TRPM4 channel conducts sodium into cells. This sodium influx depolarizes the plasma membrane and reduces the driving force for calcium entry. The aberrant expression or function of TRPM4 has been reported in various diseases, including different types of cancer. TRPM4 is mainly localized in the plasma membrane, but it is also found in intracellular vesicles, which can undergo exocytosis. In this study, we show that calcium-induced exocytosis in the colorectal cancer cell line HCT116 is dependent on TRPM4. In addition, the findings from some studies of prostate cancer cell lines suggest a more general role of TRPM4 in calcium-induced exocytosis in cancer cells. Furthermore, calcium-induced exocytosis depends on TRPM4 ion conductivity. Additionally, an increase in intracellular calcium results in the delivery of TRPM4 to the plasma membrane. This process also depends on TRPM4 ion conductivity. TRPM4-dependent exocytosis and the delivery of TRPM4 to the plasma membrane are mediated by SNARE proteins. Finally, we provide evidence that calcium-induced exocytosis depends on TRPM4 ion conductivity, not within the plasma membrane, but rather in TRPM4-containing vesicles.
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Xiao Q, Werner J, Venkatachalam N, Boonekamp KE, Ebert MP, Zhan T. Cross-Talk between p53 and Wnt Signaling in Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:453. [PMID: 35327645 PMCID: PMC8946298 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer hallmarks is a cardinal strategy to improve antineoplastic treatment. However, cross-talk between signaling pathways and key oncogenic processes frequently convey resistance to targeted therapies. The p53 and Wnt pathway play vital roles for the biology of many tumors, as they are critically involved in cancer onset and progression. Over recent decades, a high level of interaction between the two pathways has been revealed. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of molecular interactions between the p53 and Wnt pathway discovered in cancer, including complex feedback loops and reciprocal transactivation. The mutational landscape of genes associated with p53 and Wnt signaling is described, including mutual exclusive and co-occurring genetic alterations. Finally, we summarize the functional consequences of this cross-talk for cancer phenotypes, such as invasiveness, metastasis or drug resistance, and discuss potential strategies to pharmacologically target the p53-Wnt interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyun Xiao
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Johannes Werner
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (K.E.B.)
| | - Nachiyappan Venkatachalam
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
| | - Kim E. Boonekamp
- Division Signaling and Functional Genomics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), and Department Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.W.); (K.E.B.)
| | - Matthias P. Ebert
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
- Mannheim Cancer Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
- DKFZ-Hector Cancer Institute at the University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tianzuo Zhan
- Department of Medicine II, Mannheim University Hospital, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany; (Q.X.); (N.V.); (M.P.E.)
- Mannheim Cancer Center, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, D-68167 Mannheim, Germany
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Investigation of Novel Small Molecular TRPM4 Inhibitors in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215400. [PMID: 34771564 PMCID: PMC8582472 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) ion channel malfunction or aberrant expression is implicated in many diseases, including different cancers and cardiovascular diseases. Currently, there is a need for specific and potent TRPM4 inhibitors. They would allow to study the role of TRPM4 in disease models and to validate it as a potential target in therapies, including anti-cancer therapy. In colorectal cancer (CRC), TRPM4 is upregulated, and its conductivity plays a role in the regulation of viability and cell cycle of CRC cells. In this study, we tested three novel TRPM4 inhibitors, CBA, NBA, and LBA, in CRC cells. In HCT116 cells, we show that NBA inhibits TRPM4 currents in the micromolar range and alters proliferation and cell cycle. Furthermore, NBA decreases the viability of Colo205 cells. This makes NBA a promising candidate for further evaluation as a specific TRPM4 inhibitor in other cellular systems and disease models. Abstract (1) Background: Transient receptor potential melastatin (TRPM4) ion channel aberrant expression or malfunction contributes to different types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, TRPM4 still needs to be validated as a potential target in anti-cancer therapy. Currently, the lack of potent and selective TRPM4 inhibitors limits further studies on TRPM4 in cancer disease models. In this study, we validated novel TRPM4 inhibitors, CBA, NBA, and LBA, in CRC cells. (2) Methods: The potency to inhibit TRPM4 conductivity in CRC cells was assessed with the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Furthermore, the impact of TRPM4 inhibitors on cellular functions, such as viability, proliferation, and cell cycle, were assessed in cellular assays. (3) Results: We show that in CRC cells, novel TRPM4 inhibitors irreversibly block TRPM4 currents in a low micromolar range. NBA decreases proliferation and alters the cell cycle in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, NBA reduces the viability of the Colo205 cell line, which highly expresses TRPM4. (4) Conclusions: NBA is a promising new TRPM4 inhibitor candidate, which could be used to study the role of TRPM4 in cancer disease models and other diseases.
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Sohail M, Shkreta L, Toutant J, Rabea S, Babeu JP, Huard C, Coulombe-Huntington J, Delannoy A, Placet M, Geha S, Gendron FP, Boudreau F, Tyers M, Grierson DS, Chabot B. A novel class of inhibitors that target SRSF10 and promote p53-mediated cytotoxicity on human colorectal cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab019. [PMID: 34316707 PMCID: PMC8210162 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The elevated expression of the splicing regulator SRSF10 in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) stimulates the production of the pro-tumorigenic BCLAF1-L splice variant. We discovered a group of small molecules with an aminothiazole carboxamide core (GPS167, GPS192 and others) that decrease production of BCLAF1-L. While additional alternative splicing events regulated by SRSF10 are affected by GPS167/192 in HCT116 cells (e.g. in MDM4, WTAP, SLK1 and CLK1), other events are shifted in a SRSF10-independent manner (e.g. in MDM2, NAB2 and TRA2A). GPS167/192 increased the interaction of SRSF10 with the CLK1 and CLK4 kinases, leading us to show that GPS167/192 can inhibit CLK kinases preferentially impacting the activity of SRSF10. Notably, GPS167 impairs the growth of CRC cell lines and organoids, inhibits anchorage-independent colony formation, cell migration, and promotes cytoxicity in a manner that requires SRSF10 and p53. In contrast, GPS167 only minimally affects normal colonocytes and normal colorectal organoids. Thus, GPS167 reprograms the tumorigenic activity of SRSF10 in CRC cells to elicit p53-dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohail
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lulzim Shkreta
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Johanne Toutant
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Safwat Rabea
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Babeu
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Huard
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Aurélie Delannoy
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morgane Placet
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, CIUSSS de l’Estrie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Fernand-Pierre Gendron
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, CIUSSS de l’Estrie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - François Boudreau
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, CIUSSS de l’Estrie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Mike Tyers
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - David S Grierson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke. Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique du CHUS, CIUSSS de l’Estrie, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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7
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Han D, Xu Y, Peng WP, Feng F, Wang Z, Gu C, Zhou X. Citrus Alkaline Extracts Inhibit Senescence of A549 Cells to Alleviate Pulmonary Fibrosis via the β-Catenin/P53 Pathway. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928547. [PMID: 33707405 PMCID: PMC7962417 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease related to aging, which has become increasingly prevalent as the population has aged. However, there remains no effective treatment for the disease. Alveolar epithelial type II cell (AEC II) senescence plays an important role in the occurrence and development of IPF. Therefore, enhancing our understanding of aging AEC IIs might facilitate the development of a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of IPF. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of citrus alkaline extracts (CAE) on senescence in A549 cells and elucidate the mechanism by which CAE function. MATERIAL AND METHODS Adriamycin RD (ARD) induces the senescence of A549 cells. Relevant indicators were identified following administration of 3 concentrations of CAE (50 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 200 μg/mL) to A549 cells. RESULTS CAE inhibited senescence in ARD-induced A549 cells. It inhibited p16, p21, p53, and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype, and reduced expression of the senescence-related positive cells of ß-galactosidase. Further study revealed that activation of the ß-catenin signaling pathway is closely associated with p53. CAE inhibited senescence in A549 cells via the ß-catenin/p53 pathway. Further, inhibition of b-catenin was associated with reduced expression levels of p53 and p21, and the anti-aging effects of CAE were enhanced. When expression of p53 was inhibited, expression levels of ß-catenin also tended to decrease. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study showed that CAE can inhibit aging in A549 cells to alleviate pulmonary fibrosis, and thus limit the secretion of the extracellular matrix and collagen in lung fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Han
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Wen-Pan Peng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Fanchao Feng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Cheng Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
| | - Xianmei Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland).,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (mainland)
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Oliva-Vilarnau N, Vorrink SU, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Lauschke VM. A 3D Cell Culture Model Identifies Wnt/ β-Catenin Mediated Inhibition of p53 as a Critical Step during Human Hepatocyte Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000248. [PMID: 32775153 PMCID: PMC7404138 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The liver is a highly regenerative organ. While mature hepatocytes under homeostatic conditions are largely quiescent, upon injury, they rapidly enter the cell cycle to recover the damaged tissue. In rodents, a variety of injury models have provided important insights into the molecular underpinnings that govern the proliferative activation of quiescent hepatocytes. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of human hepatocyte regeneration and experimental methods to expand primary human hepatocytes (PHH). Here, a 3D spheroid model of PHH is established to study hepatocyte regeneration and integrative time-lapse multi-omics analyses show that upon isolation from the native liver PHH acquire a regenerative phenotype, as seen in vivo upon partial hepatectomy. However, proliferation is limited. By analyzing global promoter motif activities, it is predicted that activation of Wnt/β-catenin and inhibition of p53 signaling are critical factors required for human hepatocyte proliferation. Functional validations reveal that activation of Wnt signaling through external cues alone is sufficient to inhibit p53 and its proliferative senescence-inducing target PAI1 (SERPINE1) and drive proliferation of >50% of all PHH. A scalable 3D culture model is established to study the molecular and cellular biology of human hepatocyte regeneration. By using this model, an essential role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling during human hepatocyte regeneration is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Oliva-Vilarnau
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
| | - Sabine U Vorrink
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
| | | | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Karolinska Institutet Stockholm 171 77 Sweden
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9
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Gillette MA, Satpathy S, Cao S, Dhanasekaran SM, Vasaikar SV, Krug K, Petralia F, Li Y, Liang WW, Reva B, Krek A, Ji J, Song X, Liu W, Hong R, Yao L, Blumenberg L, Savage SR, Wendl MC, Wen B, Li K, Tang LC, MacMullan MA, Avanessian SC, Kane MH, Newton CJ, Cornwell M, Kothadia RB, Ma W, Yoo S, Mannan R, Vats P, Kumar-Sinha C, Kawaler EA, Omelchenko T, Colaprico A, Geffen Y, Maruvka YE, da Veiga Leprevost F, Wiznerowicz M, Gümüş ZH, Veluswamy RR, Hostetter G, Heiman DI, Wyczalkowski MA, Hiltke T, Mesri M, Kinsinger CR, Boja ES, Omenn GS, Chinnaiyan AM, Rodriguez H, Li QK, Jewell SD, Thiagarajan M, Getz G, Zhang B, Fenyö D, Ruggles KV, Cieslik MP, Robles AI, Clauser KR, Govindan R, Wang P, Nesvizhskii AI, Ding L, Mani DR, Carr SA. Proteogenomic Characterization Reveals Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Cell 2020; 182:200-225.e35. [PMID: 32649874 PMCID: PMC7373300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore the biology of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and identify new therapeutic opportunities, we performed comprehensive proteogenomic characterization of 110 tumors and 101 matched normal adjacent tissues (NATs) incorporating genomics, epigenomics, deep-scale proteomics, phosphoproteomics, and acetylproteomics. Multi-omics clustering revealed four subgroups defined by key driver mutations, country, and gender. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic data illuminated biology downstream of copy number aberrations, somatic mutations, and fusions and identified therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with driver events involving KRAS, EGFR, and ALK. Immune subtyping revealed a complex landscape, reinforced the association of STK11 with immune-cold behavior, and underscored a potential immunosuppressive role of neutrophil degranulation. Smoking-associated LUADs showed correlation with other environmental exposure signatures and a field effect in NATs. Matched NATs allowed identification of differentially expressed proteins with potential diagnostic and therapeutic utility. This proteogenomics dataset represents a unique public resource for researchers and clinicians seeking to better understand and treat lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Gillette
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shankha Satpathy
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Song Cao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Suhas V Vasaikar
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Karsten Krug
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Francesca Petralia
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yize Li
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wen-Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Boris Reva
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Azra Krek
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jiayi Ji
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Song
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy; Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Wenke Liu
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Runyu Hong
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Lijun Yao
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lili Blumenberg
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Sara R Savage
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Michael C Wendl
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lauren C Tang
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Melanie A MacMullan
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA; Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Shayan C Avanessian
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - M Harry Kane
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ramani B Kothadia
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Weiping Ma
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Seungyeul Yoo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rahul Mannan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pankaj Vats
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Emily A Kawaler
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Tatiana Omelchenko
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Antonio Colaprico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yifat Geffen
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yosef E Maruvka
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | | | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, 61-701, Poland; International Institute for Molecular Oncology, Poznań, 60-203, Poland
| | - Zeynep H Gümüş
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Rajwanth R Veluswamy
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | | | - David I Heiman
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Matthew A Wyczalkowski
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tara Hiltke
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mehdi Mesri
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher R Kinsinger
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emily S Boja
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Gilbert S Omenn
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Arul M Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Henry Rodriguez
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Scott D Jewell
- Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Mathangi Thiagarajan
- Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Gad Getz
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Bing Zhang
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - David Fenyö
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kelly V Ruggles
- Institute for Systems Genetics and Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Marcin P Cieslik
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ana I Robles
- Office of Cancer Clinical Proteomics Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karl R Clauser
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Division of Oncology and Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexey I Nesvizhskii
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Li Ding
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D R Mani
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Steven A Carr
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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10
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Wu Q, Guan Y, Wu X. Therapeutic effects of β-elemene via attenuation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:4299-4306. [PMID: 29363722 PMCID: PMC5802201 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Concurrent radio chemotherapy treatment prolongs the survival rate of patients with advanced cervical cancer; however, it has adverse side-effects. β-elemene, an active component of the traditional Chinese medicinal herb Curcuma zedoaria, is a promising alternative therapeutic drug for the treatment of advanced cervical cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antitumor effects of β-elemene in human cervical cancer SiHa cells and to determine its underlying therapeutic molecular mechanisms. Cell viability, cell cycle progression and apoptosis were detected using an MTT assay and flow cytometry analysis. Furthermore, the levels of cell migration and cell invasion were investigated using Transwell and wound healing assays. The expression levels of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B (P15), Cyclin D1, cellular tumor antigen p53, apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 (Bcl-2), apoptosis regulator BAX (Bax), 72 kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), β-catenin, transcription factor 7 (TCF7), and Myc proto-oncogene protein (c-Myc) were analyzed via western blotting. The results revealed that β-elemene inhibited the proliferation of SiHa cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. Administration of β-elemene induced G1 phase cell-cycle arrest, as demonstrated by the upregulation of P15 expression and the downregulation of Cyclin D1 expression. Furthermore, the present study revealed that β-elemene induced apoptosis in SiHa cells by enhancing the expression of p53 and Bax, and suppressing the expression of Bcl-2. In addition, treatment with β-elemene inhibited cell migration and invasion via downregulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression levels. Western blotting demonstrated that β-elemene reduced the expression levels of β-catenin and its downstream target molecule TCF7, thus resulting in reduced levels of their target proteins, including c-Myc, Cyclin D1, Bax and MMP-2 in cervical cancer cells. The results of the present study suggested that β-elemene may inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, in addition to inducing apoptosis, via attenuation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in cervical cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Yifu Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110000, P.R. China
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11
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Schütze A, Vogeley C, Gorges T, Twarock S, Butschan J, Babayan A, Klein D, Knauer SK, Metzen E, Müller V, Jendrossek V, Pantel K, Milde-Langosch K, Fischer JW, Röck K. RHAMM splice variants confer radiosensitivity in human breast cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21428-40. [PMID: 26870892 PMCID: PMC5008296 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers for prognosis in radiotherapy-treated breast cancer patients are urgently needed and important to stratify patients for adjuvant therapies. Recently, a role of the receptor of hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM) has been suggested for tumor progression. Our aim was (i) to investigate the prognostic value of RHAMM in breast cancer and (ii) to unravel its potential function in the radiosusceptibility of breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that RHAMM mRNA expression in breast cancer biopsies is inversely correlated with tumor grade and overall survival. Radiosusceptibility in vitro was evaluated by sub-G1 analysis (apoptosis) and determination of the proliferation rate. The potential role of RHAMM was addressed by short interfering RNAs against RHAMM and its splice variants. High expression of RHAMMv1/v2 in p53 wild type cells (MCF-7) induced cellular apoptosis in response to ionizing radiation. In comparison, in p53 mutated cells (MDA-MB-231) RHAMMv1/v2 was expressed sparsely resulting in resistance towards irradiation induced apoptosis. Proliferation capacity was not altered by ionizing radiation in both cell lines. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of the major ligand of RHAMM, hyaluronan, sensitized both cell lines towards radiation induced cell death. Based on the present data, we conclude that the detection of RHAMM splice variants in correlation with the p53 mutation status could help to predict the susceptibility of breast cancer cells to radiotherapy. Additionally, our studies raise the possibility that the response to radiotherapy in selected cohorts may be improved by pharmaceutical strategies against RHAMM and its ligand hyaluronan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schütze
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian Vogeley
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Gorges
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Twarock
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jonas Butschan
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anna Babayan
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diana Klein
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Institute for Molecular Biology II, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eric Metzen
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Volkmar Müller
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Jendrossek
- Institute of Cell Biology (Cancer Research), University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Department of Tumor Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Milde-Langosch
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katharina Röck
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Klinische Pharmakologie, Universitätsklinikum der Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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12
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Xu S, Sun F, Ren L, Yang H, Tian N, Peng S. Resveratrol controlled the fate of porcine pancreatic stem cells through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated by Sirt1. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187159. [PMID: 29073244 PMCID: PMC5658170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) are considered promising transplant materials that may be used to treat diabetes, but some problems, such as insufficient cell number and low differentiation efficiency, should be solved before its clinical application. Resveratrol is a natural polyphenolic compound that can alleviate the complications of diabetes. In this study, we aimed to explore the specific effect of resveratrol on porcine PSCs. We treated porcine PSCs with 10 μM, 25 μM resveratrol to explore the effect of resveratrol on porcine PSCs. We found that 10 μM resveratrol improved the proliferation of porcine PSCs, increased the expression of A-β-catenin (active β-catenin), Pcna, C-Myc, Bcl-2 and sirtuin-1 (Sirt1), and decreased the expression of P53, Caspase3. While 25 μM resveratrol had almost opposite effect compared with 10 μM resveratrol group. The utilization of Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1, Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor) and nicotinamide (Sirt1 inhibitor) suggested that resveratrol regulated cell proliferation by controlling Wnt signaling pathway and this effect was mediated by Sirt1. Our results further revealed that 10 μM resveratrol promoted the formation of β-like cells regulated by Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Relatively low-dose resveratrol could improve porcine PSCs fate. It lays theoretical foundation for diabetes treatment with cell transplantation in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanshuan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R., China
| | - Fen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R., China
| | - Lipeng Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R., China
| | - Hong Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R., China
| | - Na Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R., China
| | - Sha Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P. R., China
- * E-mail:
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13
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FZD8, a target of p53, promotes bone metastasis in prostate cancer by activating canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cancer Lett 2017; 402:166-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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14
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Kung CP, Murphy ME. The role of the p53 tumor suppressor in metabolism and diabetes. J Endocrinol 2016; 231:R61-R75. [PMID: 27613337 PMCID: PMC5148674 DOI: 10.1530/joe-16-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the context of tumor suppression, p53 is an undisputedly critical protein. Functioning primarily as a transcription factor, p53 helps fend off the initiation and progression of tumors by inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence or programmed cell death (apoptosis) in cells at the earliest stages of precancerous development. Compelling evidence, however, suggests that p53 is involved in other aspects of human physiology, including metabolism. Indeed, recent studies suggest that p53 plays a significant role in the development of metabolic diseases, including diabetes, and further that p53's role in metabolism may also be consequential to tumor suppression. Here, we present a review of the literature on the role of p53 in metabolism, diabetes, pancreatic function, glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Additionally, we discuss the emerging role of genetic variation in the p53 pathway (single-nucleotide polymorphisms) on the impact of p53 in metabolic disease and diabetes. A better understanding of the relationship between p53, metabolism and diabetes may one day better inform the existing and prospective therapeutic strategies to combat this rapidly growing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Pei Kung
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maureen E Murphy
- Department of Internal MedicineWashington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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15
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TCF4 Is a Molecular Target of Resveratrol in the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:10411-25. [PMID: 25961950 PMCID: PMC4463653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160510411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an essential role in the tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer. T-cell factor-4 (TCF4) is a member of the TCF/LEF (lymphoid enhancer factor) family of transcription factors, and dysregulation of β-catenin is decisive for the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer. However, the role of TCF4 in the transcriptional regulation of its target gene remained poorly understood. Resveratrol is a dietary phytoalexin and present in many plants, including grape skin, nuts and fruits. Although resveratrol has been widely implicated in anti-tumorigenic and pro-apoptotic properties in several cancer models, the underlying cellular mechanisms are only partially understood. The current study was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of resveratrol in human colorectal cancer cells. The treatment of resveratrol and other phytochemicals decreased the expression of TCF4. Resveratrol decreases cellular accumulation of exogenously-introduced TCF4 protein, but did not change the TCF4 transcription. The inhibition of proteasomal degradation using MG132 (carbobenzoxy-Leu-Leu-leucinal) and lactacystin ameliorates resveratrol-stimulated down-regulation of TCF4. The half-life of TCF4 was decreased in the cells exposed to resveratrol. Resveratrol increased phosphorylation of TCF4 at serine/threonine residues through ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinases) and p38-dependent pathways. The TCF4 knockdown decreased TCF/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity and sensitized resveratrol-induced apoptosis. The current study provides a new mechanistic link between resveratrol and TCF4 down-regulation and significant benefits for further preclinical and clinical practice.
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16
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Zhang J, Jiang H, Shao J, Mao R, Liu J, Ma Y, Fang X, Zhao N, Zheng S, Lin B. SOX4 inhibits GBM cell growth and induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest through Akt-p53 axis. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:207. [PMID: 25366337 PMCID: PMC4233052 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-014-0207-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background SOX4 is a transcription factor required for tissue development and differentiation in vertebrates. Overexpression of SOX4 has been reported in many cancers including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), however, the underlying mechanism of actions has not been studied. In this study, we investigated the role of SOX4 in GBM. Methods Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to assess the association between SOX4 expression levels and survival times in primary GBM samples. Cre/lox P system was used to generate gain or loss of SOX4 in GBM cells, and microarray analysis uncovered the regulation network of SOX4 in GBM cells. Results High SOX4 expression was significantly associated with good prognosis of primary GBMs. SOX4 inhibited the growth of GBM cell line LN229, A172G and U87MG, partly via the activation of p53-p21 signaling and down-regulation of phosphorylated AKT1. Gene expression profiling and subsequent gene ontology analysis showed that SOX4 influenced several key pathways including the Wnt/ beta-catenin and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Conclusions Our study found that SOX4 acts as a tumor suppressor in GBM cells by induce cell cycle arrest and inhibiting cell growth. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12883-014-0207-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China. .,Systems Biology Division and Propriumbio Research Center, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Huawei Jiang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China. .,Systems Biology Division and Propriumbio Research Center, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Jiaofang Shao
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, P R China.
| | - Ruifang Mao
- Systems Biology Division and Propriumbio Research Center, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Jie Liu
- Systems Biology Division and Propriumbio Research Center, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Yingying Ma
- Systems Biology Division and Propriumbio Research Center, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Xuefeng Fang
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Na Zhao
- Systems Biology Division and Propriumbio Research Center, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Shu Zheng
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China.
| | - Biaoyang Lin
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China. .,Systems Biology Division and Propriumbio Research Center, Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute (ZCNI), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P R China. .,Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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17
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Peng X, Yang L, Chang H, Dai G, Wang F, Duan X, Guo L, Zhang Y, Chen G. Wnt/β-catenin signaling regulates the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells through the p53 pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97283. [PMID: 24819053 PMCID: PMC4018322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are found in articular cartilage from normal controls and patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of the proliferation and differentiation of these cells remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the involvement of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of MPCs. Methods MPCs were isolated from the articular cartilage of normal and OA patients. Cells were sorted by immunomagnetic cell separation. Cell proliferation capacity was evaluated using the MTT assay. Toluidine blue staining and immunostaining with anti-collagen II or anti-aggrecan antibodies were used to determine the chondrogenic differentiation capabilities of MPCs. The mRNA and protein expression of target genes were examined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively. Knock-down of p53 expression was achieved with RNA interference. Results Most cells isolated from the normal and OA patients were CD105+ and CD166+ positive (Normal subjects: CD105+/CD166+, 94.6%±1.1%; OA: CD105+/CD166+, 93.5%±1.1%). MPCs derived from OA subjects exhibited decreased differentiation capabilities and enhanced Wnt/β-catenin activity. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling promoted proliferation and differentiation, whereas activation of this pathway by treatment with rWnt3a protein decreased the proliferation and differentiation of normal MPCs. Additionally, Wnt/β-catenin signaling positively regulated p53 expression, and silencing of p53 increased proliferation and differentiation of MPCs. Conclusions Wnt/β-catenin regulated the proliferation and differentiation of MPCs through the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Peng
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (GC); (LY)
| | - Hongxing Chang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Dai
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fuyou Wang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Duan
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangxing Chen
- Center for Joint Surgery, Southwest Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (GC); (LY)
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18
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Comprehensive analysis of β-catenin target genes in colorectal carcinoma cell lines with deregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:74. [PMID: 24467841 PMCID: PMC3909937 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is a hallmark of the majority of sporadic forms of colorectal cancer and results in increased stability of the protein β-catenin. β-catenin is then shuttled into the nucleus where it activates the transcription of its target genes, including the proto-oncogenes MYC and CCND1 as well as the genes encoding the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins ASCL2 and ITF-2B. To identify genes commonly regulated by β-catenin in colorectal cancer cell lines, we analyzed β-catenin target gene expression in two non-isogenic cell lines, DLD1 and SW480, using DNA microarrays and compared these genes to β-catenin target genes published in the PubMed database and DNA microarray data presented in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results Treatment of DLD1 and SW480 cells with β-catenin siRNA resulted in differential expression of 1501 and 2389 genes, respectively. 335 of these genes were regulated in the same direction in both cell lines. Comparison of these data with published β-catenin target genes for the colon carcinoma cell line LS174T revealed 193 genes that are regulated similarly in all three cell lines. The overlapping gene set includes confirmed β-catenin target genes like AXIN2, MYC, and ASCL2. We also identified 11 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways that are regulated similarly in DLD1 and SW480 cells and one pathway – the steroid biosynthesis pathway – was regulated in all three cell lines. Conclusions Based on the large number of potential β-catenin target genes found to be similarly regulated in DLD1, SW480 and LS174T cells as well as the large overlap with confirmed β-catenin target genes, we conclude that DLD1 and SW480 colon carcinoma cell lines are suitable model systems to study Wnt/β-catenin signaling and associated colorectal carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the confirmed and the newly identified potential β-catenin target genes are useful starting points for further studies.
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Transforming growth factor-Beta and urokinase-type plasminogen activator: dangerous partners in tumorigenesis-implications in skin cancer. ISRN DERMATOLOGY 2013; 2013:597927. [PMID: 23984088 PMCID: PMC3732602 DOI: 10.1155/2013/597927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic factor, with several different roles in health and disease. TGF-β has been postulated as a dual factor in tumor progression, since it represses epithelial tumor development in early stages, whereas it stimulates tumor progression in advanced stages. During tumorigenesis, cancer cells acquire the capacity to migrate and invade surrounding tissues and to metastasize different organs. The urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) system, comprising uPA, the uPA cell surface receptor, and plasminogen-plasmin, is involved in the proteolytic degradation of the extracellular matrix and regulates key cellular events by activating intracellular signal pathways, which together allow cancer cells to survive, thus, enhancing cell malignance during tumor progression. Due to their importance, uPA and its receptor are tightly transcriptionally regulated in normal development, but are deregulated in cancer, when their activity and expression are related to further development of cancer. TGF-β regulates uPA expression in cancer cells, while uPA, by plasminogen activation, may activate the secreted latent TGF-β, thus, producing a pernicious cycle which contributes to the enhancement of tumor progression. Here we review the specific roles and the interplay between TGF-β and uPA system in cancer cells and their implication in skin cancer.
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Wang H, He L, Ma F, Regan MM, Balk SP, Richardson AL, Yuan X. SOX9 regulates low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and T-cell factor 4 (TCF4) expression and Wnt/β-catenin activation in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:6478-87. [PMID: 23306204 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.419184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression profiling has identified breast cancer (BCa) subtypes, including an aggressive basal-like (BL) subtype. The molecular signals underlying the behavior observed in BL-BCa group are largely unknown, although recent results indicate a prevalent increase in Wnt/β-catenin activity. Our immunohistochemistry study confirmed that SOX9, one of the BL-BCa signature genes, was expressed by most BL-BCa, and its expression correlated with indicators of poor prognosis. Importantly, BCa gene expression profiling strongly associated SOX9 with the expression of Wnt/β-catenin pathway components, LRP6 and TCF4. In cancer cell lines, SOX9 silencing reduced cell proliferation and invasion, LRP6 and TCF4 transcription, and decreased Wnt/β-catenin activation. SOX9 expression was also increased by Wnt, indicating that SOX9 is at the center of a positive feedback loop that enhances Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Consistently, SOX9 overexpression in BCa cell lines and transgenic SOX9 expression in breast epithelium caused increased LRP6 and TCF4 expression and Wnt/β-catenin activation. These results identify SOX9-mediated Wnt/β-catenin activation as one of the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant Wnt/β-catenin activity in BCa, especially in the BL-BCa subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Zhou Y, Zhang E, Berggreen C, Jing X, Osmark P, Lang S, Cilio CM, Göransson O, Groop L, Renström E, Hansson O. Survival of pancreatic beta cells is partly controlled by a TCF7L2-p53-p53INP1-dependent pathway. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:196-207. [PMID: 21965303 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor T-cell factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) confers type 2 diabetes risk mainly through impaired insulin secretion, perturbed incretin effect and reduced beta-cell survival. The aim of this study was to identify the molecular mechanism through which TCF7L2 influences beta-cell survival. TCF7L2 target genes in INS-1 cells were identified using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation. Validation of targets was obtained by: siRNA silencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, luciferase reporter assays and western blot. Apoptosis rate was measured by DNA degradation and caspase-3 content. Islet viability was estimated by measuring metabolic rate. TCF7L2 binds to 3646 gene promoters in INS-1 cells in high or low glucose, including Tp53, Pten, Uggt1, Adamts9 and Fto. SiRNA-mediated reduction in TCF7L2 activity resulted in increased apoptosis and increased expression of Tp53, which resulted in elevated p53 protein activity and an increased expression of the p53 target gene Tp53inp1 (encoding p53-induced-nuclear-protein 1). Reversing the increase in p53INP1 protein expression, seen after Tcf7l2 silencing, protected INS-1 cells from Tcf7l2 depletion-induced apoptosis. This result was replicated in primary rat islets. The risk T-allele of rs7903146 is associated with increased TCF7L2 mRNA expression and transcriptional activity. On the other hand, in vitro silencing of TCF7L2 lead to increased apoptosis. One possibility is that the risk T-allele increases expression of an inhibitory TCF7L2 isoform with lower transcriptional activity. These results identify the p53-p53INP1 pathway as a molecular mechanism through which TCF7L2 may affect beta-cell survival and established a molecular link between Tcf7l2 and two type 2 diabetes-associated genes, Tp53inp1 and Adamts9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedan Zhou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, CRC, Lund University, Malmö 20502, Sweden.
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Lee SH, Richardson RL, Dashwood RH, Baek SJ. Capsaicin represses transcriptional activity of β-catenin in human colorectal cancer cells. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:646-55. [PMID: 21764279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Revised: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin is a pungent ingredient in chili red peppers and has been linked to suppression of growth in various cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism(s) by which capsaicin induces growth arrest and apoptosis of cancer cells is not completely understood. In the present study, we investigated whether capsaicin alters β-catenin-dependent signaling in human colorectal cancer cells in vitro. Exposure of SW480, LoVo and HCT-116 cells to capsaicin suppressed cell proliferation. Transient transfection with a β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-responsive reporter indicated that capsaicin suppressed the transcriptional activity of β-catenin/TCF. Capsaicin treatment resulted in a decrease of intracellular β-catenin levels and a reduction of transcripts from the β-catenin gene (CTNNB1). These results were confirmed by a reduced luciferase reporter activity driven by promoter-reporter construct containing the promoter region of the Catnb gene. In addition, capsaicin destabilized β-catenin through enhancement of proteosomal-dependent degradation. Western blot and immunoprecipitation studies indicated that capsaicin treatment suppressed TCF-4 expression and disrupted the interaction of TCF-4 and β-catenin. This study identifies a role for the β-catenin/TCF-dependent pathway that potentially contributes to the anticancer activity of capsaicin in human colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Ho Lee
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-4542, USA.
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One function--multiple mechanisms: the manifold activities of p53 as a transcriptional repressor. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011; 2011:464916. [PMID: 21436991 PMCID: PMC3062963 DOI: 10.1155/2011/464916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity is a dynamic process involving complex regulation systems. Defects in one or more of these pathways could result in cancer. The most important tumor-suppressor is the transcription factor p53, and its functional inactivation is frequently observed in many tumor types. The tumor suppressive function of p53 is mainly attributed to its ability to regulate numerous target genes at the transcriptional level. While the mechanism of transcriptional induction by p53 is well characterized, p53-dependent repression is not understood in detail. Here, we review the manifold mechanisms of p53 as a transcriptional repressor. We classify two different categories of repressed genes based on the underlying mechanism, and novel mechanisms which involve regulation through noncoding RNAs are discussed. The complete elucidation of p53 functions is important for our understanding of its tumor-suppressor activity and, therefore, represents the key for the development of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Abstract
Philadelphia chromosome positive chronic myeloid leukemia has a progressive course starting in a benign phase and terminating in a blastic phase. In this study, we show that human homolog double minute 2 (HDM2) inhibition, with MI-219-a novel compound, and consequently p53 stabilization induce chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) blast crisis cells to undergo apoptosis regardless of the presence of the T315I mutation in the BCR-ABL kinase domain. The response to MI-219 is associated with the downregulation of c-Myc and the induction of p21(WAF1). The p53 target and pro-apoptotic proteins PUMA, Noxa and Bax are induced, whereas full length Bid protein decreases with increased activity of pro-apoptotic cleaved Bid, and decrease of Mcl-1 is observed by increased caspase activity. CD95/FAS (FAS antigen) receptor is also induced by MI-219, indicating that both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic responses are transcriptionally induced. In addition, p53 protein accumulates in the mitochondrial fraction of treated cells involved in transcription-independent induction of apoptosis. We conclude that HDM-2 inhibition with MI-219 effectively induces p53-dependent apoptosis in most blast crisis CML cells, with or without BCR-ABL mutation(s).
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Abstract
At the cellular level, the biological processes of cell proliferation, growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis are all tightly coupled to appropriate alterations in metabolic status. In the case of cell proliferation, this requires redirecting metabolic pathways to provide the fuel and basic components for new cells. Ultimately, the successful co-ordination of cell-specific biology with cellular metabolism underscores multicellular processes as diverse as embryonic development, adult tissue remodelling and cancer cell biology. The Wnt signalling network has been implicated in all of these areas. While each of the Wnt-dependent signalling pathways are being individually delineated in a range of experimental systems, our understanding of how they integrate and regulate cellular metabolism is still in its infancy. In the present review we reassess the roles of Wnt signalling in functionally linking cellular metabolism to tissue development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaswinder K Sethi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Level 4, Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB20QQ, U.K.
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Abstract
Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) expression is elevated during inflammation and tissue remodelling and in many human cancers, in which it frequently indicates poor prognosis. uPAR regulates proteolysis by binding the extracellular protease urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA; also known as urokinase) and also activates many intracellular signalling pathways. Coordination of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteolysis and cell signalling by uPAR underlies its important function in cell migration, proliferation and survival and makes it an attractive therapeutic target in cancer and inflammatory diseases. uPAR lacks transmembrane and intracellular domains and so requires transmembrane co-receptors for signalling. Integrins are essential uPAR signalling co-receptors and a second uPAR ligand, the ECM protein vitronectin, is also crucial for this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harvey W Smith
- Goodman Cancer Centre, McGill University, West Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A3, Canada.
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Yang LH, Xu HT, Han Y, Li QC, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Yang ZQ, Dong QZ, Miao Y, Dai SD, Wang EH. Axin downregulates TCF-4 transcription via beta-catenin, but not p53, and inhibits the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:25. [PMID: 20122174 PMCID: PMC2827467 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously reported that overexpression of Axin downregulates T cell factor-4 (TCF-4) transcription. However, the mechanism(s) by which Axin downregulates the transcription and expression of TCF-4 is not clear. It has been reported that β-catenin promotes and p53 inhibits TCF-4 transcription, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether β-catenin and/or p53 is required for Axin-mediated downregulation of TCF-4. Results Axin mutants that lack p53/HIPK2 and/or β-catenin binding domains were expressed in lung cancer cells, BE1 (mutant p53) and A549 (wild type p53). Expression of Axin or AxinΔp53 downregulates β-catenin and TCF-4, and knock-down of β-catenin upregulates TCF-4 in BE1 cells. However, expression of AxinΔβ-ca into BE1 cells did not downregulate TCF-4 expression. These results indicate that Axin downregulates TCF-4 transcription via β-catenin. Although overexpression of wild-type p53 also downregulates TCF-4 in BE1 cells, cotransfection of p53 and AxinΔβ-ca did not downregulate TCF-4 further. These results suggest that Axin does not promote p53-mediated downregulation of TCF-4. Axin, AxinΔp53, and AxinΔβ-ca all downregulated β-catenin and TCF-4 in A549 cells. Knock-down of p53 upregulated β-catenin and TCF-4, but cotransfection of AxinΔβ-ca and p53 siRNA resulted in downregulation of β-catenin and TCF-4. These results indicate that p53 is not required for Axin-mediated downregulation of TCF-4. Knock-down or inhibition of GSK-3β prevented Axin-mediated downregulation of TCF-4. Furthermore, expression of Axin and AxinΔp53, prevented the proliferative and invasive ability of BE1 and A549, expression of AxinΔβ-ca could only prevented the proliferative and invasive ability effectively. Conclusions Axin downregulates TCF-4 transcription via β-catenin and independently of p53. Axin may also inhibits the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells via β-catenin and p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-He Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
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Sun J, Wang D, Jin T. Insulin alters the expression of components of the Wnt signaling pathway including TCF-4 in the intestinal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2010; 1800:344-51. [PMID: 20056134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological and experimental evidence that support the correlation between Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and increased risks of colorectal cancer formation have led us to hypothesize the existence of molecular crosstalk between insulin and canonical Wnt signaling pathways. Insulin was shown to stimulate Wnt target gene expression, utilizing the effector of the Wnt signaling pathway. Whether insulin affects expression of components of Wnt pathway has not been extensively examined. METHODS cDNA microarray was utilized to assess the effect of insulin on gene expression profile in the rat intestinal non-cancer IEC-6 cell line, followed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and reporter gene analyses in intestinal cancer and non-cancer cells. RESULTS Insulin was shown to alter the expression of a dozen of Wnt pathway related genes including TCF-4 (=TCF7L2) and frizzled- (Fzd-4). The stimulatory effect of insulin on TCF-4 expression was then confirmed by real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting and luciferase reporter analyses, while the activation on Fzd-4 was confirmed by real-time PCR. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our observations suggest that insulin may crosstalk with the Wnt signaling pathway in a multi-level fashion, involving insulin regulation of the expression of Wnt target genes, a Wnt receptor, as well as mediators of the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Canada; Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, University Health Network, Canada
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Beildeck ME, Islam M, Shah S, Welsh J, Byers SW. Control of TCF-4 expression by VDR and vitamin D in the mouse mammary gland and colorectal cancer cell lines. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7872. [PMID: 19924301 PMCID: PMC2774944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2009] [Accepted: 10/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vitamin D receptor (VDR) pathway is important in the prevention and potentially in the treatment of many cancers. One important mechanism of VDR action is related to its interaction with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Agonist-bound VDR inhibits the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin/TCF pathway by interacting directly with β-catenin and in some cells by increasing cadherin expression which, in turn, recruits β-catenin to the membrane. Here we identify TCF-4, a transcriptional regulator and β-catenin binding partner as an indirect target of the VDR pathway. Methodology/Principal Findings In this work, we show that TCF-4 (gene name TCF7L2) is decreased in the mammary gland of the VDR knockout mouse as compared to the wild-type mouse. Furthermore, we show 1,25(OH)2D3 increases TCF-4 at the RNA and protein levels in several human colorectal cancer cell lines, the effect of which is completely dependent on the VDR. In silico analysis of the human and mouse TCF7L2 promoters identified several putative VDR binding elements. Although TCF7L2 promoter reporters responded to exogenous VDR, and 1,25(OH)2D3, mutation analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, showed that the increase in TCF7L2 did not require recruitment of the VDR to the identified elements and indicates that the regulation by VDR is indirect. This is further confirmed by the requirement of de novo protein synthesis for this up-regulation. Conclusions/Significance Although it is generally assumed that binding of β-catenin to members of the TCF/LEF family is cancer-promoting, recent studies have indicated that TCF-4 functions instead as a transcriptional repressor that restricts breast and colorectal cancer cell growth. Consequently, we conclude that the 1,25(OH)2D3/VDR-mediated increase in TCF-4 may have a protective role in colon cancer as well as diabetes and Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcy E. Beildeck
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Md Islam
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - Salimuddin Shah
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D. C., United States of America
| | - JoEllen Welsh
- GenNYsis Center for Excellence in Cancer Genomics, SUNY at Albany, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen W. Byers
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, D. C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yuasa T, Kondo N, Yasuhara R, Shimono K, Mackem S, Pacifici M, Iwamoto M, Enomoto-Iwamoto M. Transient activation of Wnt/{beta}-catenin signaling induces abnormal growth plate closure and articular cartilage thickening in postnatal mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2009; 175:1993-2003. [PMID: 19815716 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is required for skeletal development and organization and for function of the growth plate and articular cartilage. To further clarify these roles and their possible pathophysiological importance, we created a new transgenic mouse model in which Wnt/beta-catenin signaling can be activated in cartilage for specific periods of time. These transgenic mice expressed a constitutive active form of beta-catenin fused to a modified estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain under the control of cartilage-specific collagen 11alpha2 promoter/enhancer. Transient Wnt/beta-catenin signaling activation in young adult mice by tamoxifen injections induced growth retardation and severe deformities in knee joints. Tibial and femoral growth plates displayed an excessive number of apoptotic cells and eventually underwent abnormal regression. Articular cartilage exhibited an initial acute loss of proteoglycan matrix that was followed by increases in thickness, cell density, and cell proliferation. In reciprocal studies, we found that conditional ablation of beta-catenin in postnatal mice using a Col2-CreER strategy led to hypocellularity in articular cartilage, growth plate disorganization, and a severe reduction in bone volume. Together, these data provide evidence that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling has important and distinct roles in growth plate and articular cartilage and that postnatal dysregulation of this signaling pathway causes diverse structural and functional changes in the two cartilaginous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Yuasa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Ma G, Shimada H, Hiroshima K, Tada Y, Suzuki N, Tagawa M. Gene medicine for cancer treatment: commercially available medicine and accumulated clinical data in China. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2009; 2:115-22. [PMID: 19920899 PMCID: PMC2761194 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Loss of p53 function compromises genetic homeostasis, which induces deregulated DNA replication, damages DNA, and subsequently results in increased resistance to anticancer agents. Pharmacological approaches using recombinant adenoviruses (Ad) have been developed to restore the p53 functions. Another approach for gene medicine is to modify Ad replication in a tumor-specific manner, which induces tumor cell death without damaging normal tissues in the vicinity. The Ad-derived gene medicines, Ad expressing the wild-type p53 gene and replication-competent Ad defective of the E1B-55kDa gene, have been tested for their clinical feasibility and became commercially available in China. These agents demonstrated their antitumor activities as a monotherapy and in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In this article, we summarize the outcomes of clinical trials in China, most of which have been published in domestic Chinese journals, and discuss potential directions of cancer gene therapy with these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Ma
- Division of Pathology, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, 666-1 Nitona, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
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Gurung A, Uddin F, Hill RP, Ferguson PC, Alman BA. Beta-catenin is a mediator of the response of fibroblasts to irradiation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 174:248-55. [PMID: 19036807 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2009.080576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Radiation causes soft tissue complications that include fibrosis and deficient wound healing. beta-Catenin, a key component in the canonical Wnt-signaling pathway, is activated in fibrotic processes and wound repair and, as such, could play a role in mediating cellular responses to irradiation. beta-Catenin can form a transcriptionally active complex with members of the Tcf family. A reporter mouse model, in addition to human cell cultures, was used to demonstrate that ionizing radiation activates beta-catenin-mediated, Tcf-dependent transcription both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, radiation activates beta-catenin via a Wnt-mediated mechanism, as in the presence of dickkopf-1, an inhibitor of Wnt receptor activation, beta-catenin levels did not increase after irradiation. Fibroblast cell cultures were derived from mice expressing either null or stabilized beta-catenin alleles. Cells expressing stabilized beta-catenin alleles had a higher proliferation rate and formed more colony-forming units than wild-type or null cells after irradiation. Wound healing was studied in these same mice after irradiation. There was a positive correlation between the tensile strength of the wound, the expression levels of type 1 collagen in the skin, and beta-catenin levels. Mice treated with lithium showed increased beta-catenin levels and increased wound strength. beta-Catenin mediates the effects of ionizing radiation in fibroblasts, and its modulation has the potential to decrease the severity of radiation-induced soft tissue complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananta Gurung
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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Upregulation of the cycline kinase subunit CKS2 increases cell proliferation rate in gastric cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 135:761-9. [PMID: 19034516 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-008-0510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CKS2 was identified as an upregulated gene in gastric cancer via our DNA microarray. This study was to verify the upregulation of CKS2 in many gastric cancer patients and to examine the CKS2-mediated cellular response. METHODS CKS2 upregulation was analyzed using reverse transcriptase PCR, real-time PCR, and immunohistochemical and clinicopathological analyses. GFP-CKS2 or CKS2-siRNA was used to analyze the cellular localization and proliferation. RESULTS The strong upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of CKS2 was identified. In CKS2-overexpressing cells, tumor suppressor p53 and p21(cip1) were downregulated and cell growth was increased. In contrast, CKS2-siRNA-transfected cells showed an increased tumor suppressor expression and decreased cell growth. CONCLUSIONS We showed that CKS2 was significantly upregulated in gastric cancers and a high level of CKS2 was highly correlated with histologic tumor differentiation and pathological grade of the tumor size, lymph node, and metastasis stage. We suggest that the cell cycle regulator CKS2 might be deeply involved in gastric cancer progression.
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E2F1 represses beta-catenin transcription and is antagonized by both pRB and CDK8. Nature 2008; 455:552-6. [PMID: 18794899 DOI: 10.1038/nature07310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The E2F1 transcription factor can promote proliferation or apoptosis when activated, and is a key downstream target of the retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein (pRB). Here we show that E2F1 is a potent and specific inhibitor of beta-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF)-dependent transcription, and that this function contributes to E2F1-induced apoptosis. E2F1 deregulation suppresses beta-catenin activity in an adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3)-independent manner, reducing the expression of key beta-catenin targets including c-MYC. This interaction explains why colorectal tumours, which depend on beta-catenin transcription for their abnormal proliferation, keep RB1 intact. Remarkably, E2F1 activity is also repressed by cyclin-dependent kinase-8 (CDK8), a colorectal oncoprotein. Elevated levels of CDK8 protect beta-catenin/TCF-dependent transcription from inhibition by E2F1. Thus, by retaining RB1 and amplifying CDK8, colorectal tumour cells select conditions that collectively suppress E2F1 and enhance the activity of beta-catenin.
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Reed KR, Meniel VS, Marsh V, Cole A, Sansom OJ, Clarke AR. A limited role for p53 in modulating the immediate phenotype of Apc loss in the intestine. BMC Cancer 2008; 8:162. [PMID: 18533991 PMCID: PMC2443808 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-8-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background p53 is an important tumour suppressor with a known role in the later stages of colorectal cancer, but its relevance to the early stages of neoplastic initiation remains somewhat unclear. Although p53-dependent regulation of Wnt signalling activity is known to occur, the importance of these regulatory mechanisms during the early stages of intestinal neoplasia has not been demonstrated. Methods We have conditionally deleted the Adenomatous Polyposis coli gene (Apc) from the adult murine intestine in wild type and p53 deficient environments and subsequently compared the phenotype and transcriptome profiles in both genotypes. Results Expression of p53 was shown to be elevated following the conditional deletion of Apc in the adult small intestine. Furthermore, p53 status was shown to impact on the transcription profile observed following Apc loss. A number of key Wnt pathway components and targets were altered in the p53 deficient environment. However, the aberrant phenotype observed following loss of Apc (rapid nuclear localisation of β-catenin, increased levels of DNA damage, nuclear atypia, perturbed cell death, proliferation, differentiation and migration) was not significantly altered by the absence of p53. Conclusion p53 related feedback mechanisms regulating Wnt signalling activity are present in the intestine, and become activated following loss of Apc. However, the physiological Wnt pathway regulation by p53 appears to be overwhelmed by Apc loss and consequently the activity of these regulatory mechanisms is not sufficient to modulate the immediate phenotypes seen following Apc loss. Thus we are able to provide an explanation to the apparent contradiction that, despite having a Wnt regulatory capacity, p53 loss is not associated with early lesion development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen R Reed
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3US, UK.
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Prowald A, Cronauer MV, von Klot C, Eilers T, Rinnab L, Herrmann T, Spindler KD, Montenarh M, Jonas U, Burchardt M. Modulation of beta-catenin-mediated TCF-signalling in prostate cancer cell lines by wild-type and mutant p53. Prostate 2007; 67:1751-60. [PMID: 17929268 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin-pathway is known to play an important role in the progression of various tumour cell types including prostate cancer (PCa). Recently, the tumour-suppressor p53 was shown to down-regulate beta-catenin-signalling in colon cancer. As p53 is frequently mutated in late stage PCa we investigated the effect of wild-type p53 (p53wt) as well as p53-mutants on beta-catenin-signalling in PCa-cell lines. METHODS The effects of p53wt and p53-mutants on Wnt/beta-catenin-signalling were studied using reporter gene assays. Expression of beta-catenin levels was monitored by Western blotting. RESULTS Overexpression of p53wt as well as p53(249Ser) (a structural mutant) and p53(273His) (a DNA-contact-mutant) almost completely inhibited beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activity of the T-cell factor (TCF) whereas p53(175His), a structural mutant, and a p53-mutant with a C-terminal deletion in the tetramerization domain (Deltap53) were unable to do so. Co-transfection experiments with p53wt and a dominant negative p53-mutant reversed the down-regulation of TCF-signalling, while Deltap53 was unable to interfere with p53wt-function. Down-regulation of TCF-signalling by p53wt and p53(273His) was accompanied by a reduction in beta-catenin protein level. CONCLUSIONS p53wt, p53(273His)- and p53(249Ser)-mutants are able to down-regulate beta-catenin-signalling in PCa-cells probably via degradation of beta-catenin. The degradation of beta-catenin in PCa by p53 is not linked to transcriptional activity of p53. So far the mechanism how p53 interferes with beta-catenin-signalling is unknown. For the first time we provide experimental evidence that the C-terminus of p53 plays an important role in the down-regulation of beta-catenin-mediated TCF-signalling in PCa-cell lines possibly via p53 transrepressional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Prowald
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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Packer LM, Pavey SJ, Boyle GM, Stark MS, Ayub AL, Rizos H, Hayward NK. Gene expression profiling in melanoma identifies novel downstream effectors of p14ARF. Int J Cancer 2007; 121:784-90. [PMID: 17450523 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.22725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
p14ARF is inactivated by deletions/mutations in many cancer types and can suppress cell growth by both p53-dependent and p53-independent mechanisms. To identify novel downstream effectors of p14ARF, we used gene expression profiling as a primary screening tool to select candidates for follow up validation studies using in vitro cell-based assays. Gene expression profiles of a panel of 35 melanoma cell lines with either wild-type (n = 12) or mutant (n = 23) p14ARF were compared to identify genes associated with inactivation of p14ARF. Analysis of the microarray data identified 1,316 probe sets that were significantly (p < 0.01) differentially expressed between the p14ARF wild-type and mutant cell lines. Pathway analysis of these genes showed an overrepresentation of many receptor-mediated signal transduction pathways, e.g. TGFbeta, EGF, HGF, PDGF, MAPK, Wnt and integrin pathways. A number of components of these pathways, including FLRT3, RUNX2, MIG-6 and SMURF2 were confirmed as downstream targets of p14ARF using p14ARF-inducible cell lines and RNAi. We propose that regulation of these genes may contribute to melanoma development when p14ARF function is lost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisl M Packer
- Oncogenomics Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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Xu HT, Wei Q, Liu Y, Yang LH, Dai SD, Han Y, Yu JH, Liu N, Wang EH. Overexpression of axin downregulates TCF-4 and inhibits the development of lung cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2007; 14:3251-9. [PMID: 17768662 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-007-9555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2007] [Revised: 07/09/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T cell factor 4 (TCF-4) mediates a nuclear response to wingless/int (Wnt) signals by interacting with beta-catenin. Axis inhibition protein (axin) is an important negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. Our aims were to examine the relationship between axin and TCF-4 and to explore the effects of axin on the development of lung cancer. METHODS Expression levels of axin and TCF-4 were examined in 107 lung cancer specimens by immunohistochemistry. The axin gene was transfected into lung cancer BE1 cells. The expression levels of axin, beta-catenin, and TCF-4 were detected with immunofluorescence and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) experiments. Apoptosis, proliferation, and the invasive ability of lung cancer cells were examined using flow cytometry, 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), and Matrigel invasive assays. RESULTS Preserved axin expression correlated negatively with TCF-4 expression (P = .031). Axin expression differed with respect to degree of differentiation (P = .025) and histological tumor type (P = .031). TCF-4 expression differed relative to tumor, node metastasis (TNM) stage (P = .024). BE1 cells transfected with axin (BE1-axin cells) exhibited a significant decrease in TCF-4 expression. The level of apoptosis in BE1-axin cells was significantly increased, while the proliferative and invasive abilities of BE1-axin cells were decreased. CONCLUSION These results suggest that reduced expression of axin or augmented expression of TCF-4 is associated with the malignant behavior of lung cancers. Overexpression of axin can downregulate expression of TCF-4 and can inhibit the ability of lung cancer cells to proliferate and invade.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Apoptosis
- Axin Protein
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Giant Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction
- TCF Transcription Factors/genetics
- TCF Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 Protein
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- beta Catenin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Xu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
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Ding VW, Lin LP, Chiang AL, McCormick F. Activation of p53 by Dishevelled independent of Wnt or planar polarity pathways. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007; 85:1281-9. [PMID: 17593335 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-007-0228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2006] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Dishevelled is a key component of the Wnt signaling and planar polarity pathways. We discovered that in selective cell types, it potently activates the transcriptional activity of the tumor suppressor p53. This action, however, is not dependent on the downstream of either the Wnt or the planar polarity pathways. Dishevelled signals to the first 50 amino acids of p53, which is the transactivation domain. The level of phosphorylation on several serine residues within that region of p53 increases in response to disheveled activation, partially contributing to p53 activation. The MAP kinase pathway and E1B55k may also be involved in this dishevelled-p53 connection. Our data provide evidence that there is a novel signaling pathway from Dishevelled to p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne W Ding
- UCSF Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Research Institute, 2340 Sutter Street, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
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40
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Brynczka C, Labhart P, Merrick BA. NGF-mediated transcriptional targets of p53 in PC12 neuronal differentiation. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:139. [PMID: 17540029 PMCID: PMC1894799 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 05/31/2007] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND p53 is recognized as a critical regulator of the cell cycle and apoptosis. Mounting evidence also suggests a role for p53 in differentiation of cells including neuronal precursors. We studied the transcriptional role of p53 during nerve growth factor-induced differentiation of the PC12 line into neuron-like cells. We hypothesized that p53 contributed to PC12 differentiation through the regulation of gene targets distinct from its known transcriptional targets for apoptosis or DNA repair. RESULTS Using a genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation cloning technique, we identified and validated 14 novel p53-regulated genes following NGF treatment. The data show p53 protein was transcriptionally activated and contributed to NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth during differentiation of PC12 cells. Furthermore, we describe stimulus-specific regulation of a subset of these target genes by p53. The most salient differentiation-relevant target genes included wnt7b involved in dendritic extension and the tfcp2l4/grhl3 grainyhead homolog implicated in ectodermal development. Additional targets included brk, sdk2, sesn3, txnl2, dusp5, pon3, lect1, pkcbpb15 and other genes. CONCLUSION Within the PC12 neuronal context, putative p53-occupied genomic loci spanned the entire Rattus norvegicus genome upon NGF treatment. We conclude that receptor-mediated p53 transcriptional activity is involved in PC12 differentiation and may suggest a contributory role for p53 in neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Brynczka
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, USA
| | - Paul Labhart
- Genpathway, Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - B Alex Merrick
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
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Abstract
Our current understanding of the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways is mainly based on studies performed in a number of model organisms including, Xenopus, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals. These studies clearly indicate that the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways are conserved through evolution and control many events during embryonic development. Wnt pathways have been shown to regulate cell proliferation, morphology, motility as well as cell fate. The increasing interest of the scientific community, over the last decade, in the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways is supported by the documented importance of these pathways in a broad range of physiological conditions and disease states. For instance, it has been shown that inappropriate regulation and activation of these pathways is associated with several pathological disorders including cancer, retinopathy, tetra-amelia and bone and cartilage disease such as arthritis. In addition, several components of the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways appear to play important roles in diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and in the emerging field of stem cell research. In this review, we wish to present a focused overview of the function of the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways and their role in oncogenesis and cancer development. We also want to provide information on a selection of potential drug targets within these pathways for oncology drug discovery, and summarize current data on approaches, including the development of small-molecule inhibitors, that have shown relevant effects on the Wnt-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Janssens
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Michel Janicot
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical R & D, Oncology Discovery Research & Early Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tim Perera
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical R & D, Oncology Discovery Research & Early Development, Beerse, Belgium
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical R & D, Oncology Discovery Research & Early Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Rother K, Dengl M, Lorenz J, Tschöp K, Kirschner R, Mössner J, Engeland K. Gene expression of cyclin-dependent kinase subunit Cks2 is repressed by the tumor suppressor p53 but not by the related proteins p63 or p73. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:1166-72. [PMID: 17336302 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Revised: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 02/13/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cks2 proteins are essential components of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and contribute to cell cycle control. We identify Cks2 as a transcriptional target downregulated by the tumor suppressor p53. Cks2 expression was found to be repressed by p53 both at the mRNA and the protein levels. p53 downregulates transcription from the Cks2 promoter in a dose-dependent manner and in all cell types tested. This repression appears to be independent of p53 binding to the Cks2 promoter. In contrast to p53, neither p63 nor p73 proteins can repress Cks2 transcription. Thus p53, rather than its homologues p63 and p73, may contribute to control of the first metaphase/anaphase transition of mammalian meiosis by downregulation of Cks2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rother
- Medizinische Klinik II, Max-Bürger-Forschungszentrum, Universität Leipzig, Johannisallee 30, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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43
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Zhao HC, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Lu MQ, Li H, Xu C, Chen GH. p53-expressing conditionally replicative adenovirus CNHK500-p53 against hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro. World J Gastroenterol 2007; 13:683-91. [PMID: 17278190 PMCID: PMC4066000 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v13.i5.683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To develop a conditionally replicative gene-viral vector system called CNHK500-p53, which contains dual promoters within the E1 region, and combines the advantages of oncolytic virus and gene therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
METHODS: CNHK500-p53 was constructed by using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) promoter to drive adenovirus E1a gene and hypoxia response element (HRE) promoter to drive adenovirus E1b gene. p53 gene expressing cassette was inserted into the genome of replicative virus. Viral replication experiments, cytopathic effect (CPE) and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay were performed to test the selective replication and oncolytic efficacy of CNHK500-p53.
RESULTS: Immunohistochemistry verified that infection with CNHK500-p53 was associated with selective replication of adenovirus and production of p53 protein in telomerase-positive and hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent HCC cells. p53 protein secreted from HepG2, infected with CNHK500-p53 was significantly higher than that infected with nonreplicative adenovirus Ad-p53 in vitro (388 ± 34.6 μg/L vs 76.3 ± 13.17 μg/L). Viral replication experiments showed that replication of CNHK500-p53 and CNHK500 or WtAd5, was much stronger than that of Ad-p53 in tested HCC cell lines. CPE and MTT assay indicated that CNHK500-p53 selectively replicated in and killed HCC cells while leaving normal cells unaffected.
CONCLUSION: A more efficient gene-viral system is developed by combining selective oncolysis with exogenous expression of p53 against HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Chuan Zhao
- Liver Transplantation Centre, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
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N/A, 王 东, 谢 家. N/A. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2006; 14:2473-2479. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v14.i25.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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45
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Schito ML, Demidov ON, Saito S, Ashwell JD, Appella E. Wip1 Phosphatase-Deficient Mice Exhibit Defective T Cell Maturation Due To Sustained p53 Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:4818-25. [PMID: 16585576 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.8.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The PP2C phosphatase Wip1 dephosphorylates p38 and blocks UV-induced p53 activation in cultured human cells. Although the level of TCR-induced p38 MAPK activity is initially comparable between Wip1-/- and wild-type thymocytes, phosphatase-deficient cells failed to down-regulate p38 MAPK activity after 6 h. Analysis of young Wip1-deficient mice showed that they had fewer splenic T cells. Their thymi were smaller, contained significantly fewer cells, and failed to undergo age-dependent involution compared with wild-type animals. Analysis of thymocyte subset numbers by flow cytometry suggested that cell numbers starting at the double-negative (DN)4 stage are significantly reduced in Wip1-deficient mice, and p53 activity is elevated in cell-sorted DN4 and double-positive subpopulations. Although apoptosis and proliferation was normal in Wip1-/- DN4 cells, they appeared to be in cell cycle arrest. In contrast, a significantly higher percentage of apoptotic cells were found in the double-positive population, and down-regulation of thymocyte p38 MAPK activation by anti-CD3 was delayed. To examine the role of p38 MAPK in early thymic subpopulations, fetal thymic organ cultures cultured in the presence/absence of a p38 MAPK inhibitor did not correct the thymic phenotype. In contrast, the abnormal thymic phenotype of Wip1-deficient mice was reversed in the absence of p53. These data suggest that Wip1 down-regulates p53 activation in the thymus and is required for normal alphabeta T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco L Schito
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Tschöp K, Müller GA, Grosche J, Engeland K. Human cyclin B3. mRNA expression during the cell cycle and identification of three novel nonclassical nuclear localization signals. FEBS J 2006; 273:1681-95. [PMID: 16623705 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cyclins form complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases. By controlling activity of the enzymes, cyclins regulate progression through the cell cycle. A- and B-type cyclins were discovered due to their distinct appearance in S and G(2) phases and their rapid proteolytic destruction during mitosis. Transition from G(2) to mitosis is basically controlled by B-type cyclins. In mammals, two cyclin B proteins are well characterized, cyclin B1 and cyclin B2. Recently, a human cyclin B3 gene was described. In contrast to the expression pattern of other B-type cyclins, we find cyclin B3 mRNA expressed not only in S and G(2)/M cells but also in G(0) and G(1). Human cyclin B3 is expressed in different variants. We show that one isoform remains in the cytoplasm, whereas the other variant is translocated to the nucleus. Transport to the nucleus is dependent on three autonomous nonclassical nuclear localization signals that where previously not implicated in nuclear translocation. It had been shown that cyclin B3 coimmunoprecipitates with cdk2; but this complex does not exhibit any kinase activity. Furthermore, a degradation-resistant version of cyclin B3 can arrest cells in G(1) and G(2). Taken together with the finding that cyclin B3 mRNA is not only expressed in G(2)/M but is also detected in significant amounts in resting cells and in G(1) cells. This may suggest a dominant-negative function of human cyclin B3 in competition with activating cyclins in G(0) and the G(1) phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Tschöp
- Innere Medizin II, Max-Bürger-Forschungszentrum, Universität Leipzig, Germany
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47
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Peng Z. Current status of gendicine in China: recombinant human Ad-p53 agent for treatment of cancers. Hum Gene Ther 2005; 16:1016-27. [PMID: 16149900 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2005.16.1016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Peng
- Shenzhen SiBiono GeneTech, Shenzhen Hi-Tech Industrial Park (North), Shenzhen 518057, China.
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48
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Abstract
The Wnt signalling pathway plays a role in the direction of embryological development and maintenance of stem cell populations. Heritable alterations in genes encoding molecules of the Wnt pathway, including mutation and epigenetic events, have been demonstrated in a variety of cancers. It has been proposed that disruption of this pathway is a significant step in the development of many tumours. Interactions between beta-catenin--the effector molecule of the Wnt pathway--and the androgen receptor highlight the pathway's relevance to urological malignancy. Mutation or altered expression of Wnt genes in tumours may give prognostic information and treatments are being developed which target this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Yardy
- Cancer & Immunogenetics Laboratory, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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49
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Chandar N, Saluja R, Lamar PC, Kolman K, Prozialeck WC. P53 and beta-catenin activity during estrogen treatment of osteoblasts. Cancer Cell Int 2005; 5:24. [PMID: 16053526 PMCID: PMC1192811 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-5-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2005] [Accepted: 07/29/2005] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study was undertaken to examine the relationship between the tumor suppressor gene p53 and the nuclear signaling protein beta-catenin during bone differentiation. Cross talk between p53 and beta-catenin pathways has been demonstrated and is important during tumorigenesis and DNA damage, where deregulation of beta catenin activates p53. In this study, we used estrogen treatment of osteoblasts as a paradigm to study the relationship between the two proteins during osteoblast differentiation. Results We exposed osteoblast-like ROS17/2.8 cells to 17-beta estradiol (E2), in a short term assay, and studied the cellular distribution and expression of beta-catenin. We found beta-catenin to be up regulated several fold following E2 treatment. Levels of p53 and its functional activity mirrored the quantitative changes seen in beta-catenin. Alkaline phosphatase, an early marker of osteoblast differentiation, was increased in a manner similar to beta-catenin and p53. In order to determine if there was a direct relationship between alkaline phosphatase expression and beta-catenin, we used two different approaches. In the first approach, treatment with LiCl, which is known to activate beta-catenin, caused a several fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. In the second approach, transient transfection of wild type beta-catenin into osteoblasts increased alkaline phosphatase activity two fold over basal levels, showing that beta catenin expression can directly affect alkaline phosphatase expression. However increase in beta catenin activity was not associated with an increase in its signaling activity through TCF/LEF mediated transcription. Immunofluorescence analyses of p53 and beta-catenin localization showed that E2 first caused an increase in cytosolic beta-catenin followed by the accumulation of beta-catenin in the nucleus. Nuclear p53 localization was detected in several cells. Expression of p53 was accompanied by distribution of beta-catenin to the cytoplasm and cell borders. A sub population of cells staining strongly for both proteins appeared to be apoptotic. Conclusion These results suggest that interactions between p53 and beta-catenin signaling pathways may play a key role in osteoblast differentiation and maintenance of tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Chandar
- Department of Biochemistry, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555, 31Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Rasleen Saluja
- Department of Biochemistry, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555, 31Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Peter C Lamar
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555, 31Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Kevin Kolman
- Department of Biochemistry, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555, 31Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
| | - Walter C Prozialeck
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 555, 31Street, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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Spiesbach K, Tannapfel A, Mössner J, Engeland K. TAp63γ can substitute for p53 in inducing expression of themaspintumor suppressor. Int J Cancer 2004; 114:555-62. [PMID: 15578720 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Maspin is a Class II tumor suppressor protein and plays a role in tumor growth by inhibiting cellular invasion and motility. It is a member of the serpin family of protease inhibitors and has been shown to reduce angiogenesis. Maspin gene expression can be upregulated by the tumor suppressor p53. We tested 7 p53-related proteins of the p63 and p73 families for their ability to induce maspin expression. The p63 splice form TAp63gamma can substitute for p53 in activating the maspin promoter. TAp63gamma activates the promoter through the same consensus site as p53. In the DLD-1 colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line, harboring a tet-off regulated transgene, induction of TAp63gamma leads to an upregulation of maspin mRNA from the chromosomal gene. With a short lag phase also maspin protein levels are elevated after induced TAp63gamma expression. To assess a potential function of p63-dependent maspin upregulation in tumors we followed expression of p53, p63 and maspin by immunohistochemistry in hepatocellular carcinomas. Two types of tumors with wild-type or mutant p53 were assayed. Interestingly, the majority of tumors expressing only a mutated and inactive p53 protein nonetheless stain positive for maspin, whereas these tumors were positive for p63 protein expression. In summary, we show that TAp63gamma can substitute for p53 in transcriptional activation of the maspin tumor suppressor gene. TAp63gamma employs the same DNA recognition site for this activation as p53. We observe expression patterns of p53, p63 and maspin proteins in tumor tissue that may indicate also a function of maspin induction by p63 in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Spiesbach
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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