1
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Jones EA, Chasmer LE, Devito KJ, Hopkinson CD. Shortening fire return interval predisposes west-central Canadian boreal peatlands to more rapid vegetation growth and transition to forest cover. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17185. [PMID: 38361266 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Climate change in northern latitudes is increasing the vulnerability of peatlands and the riparian transition zones between peatlands and upland forests (referred to as ecotones) to greater frequency of wildland fires. We examined early post-fire vegetation regeneration following the 2011 Utikuma complex fire (central Alberta, Canada). This study examined 779 peatlands and adjacent ecotones, covering an area of ~182 km2 . Based on the known regional fire history, peatlands that burned in 2011 were stratified into either long return interval (LRI) fire regimes of >80 years (i.e., no recorded prior fire history) or short fire return interval (SRI) of 55 years (i.e., within the boundary of a documented severe fire in 1956). Data from six multitemporal airborne lidar surveys were used to quantify trajectories of vegetation change for 8 years prior to and 8 years following the 2011 fire. To date, no studies have quantified the impacts of post-fire regeneration following short versus long return interval fires across this broad range of peatlands with variable environmental and post-fire successional trajectories. We found that SRI peatlands demonstrated more rapid vascular and shrub growth rates, especially in peatland centers, than LRI peatlands. Bogs and fens burned in 1956, and with little vascular vegetation (classified as "open peatlands") prior to the 2011 fire, experienced the greatest changes. These peatlands tended to transition to vascular/shrub forms following the SRI fire, while open LRI peatlands were not significantly different from pre-fire conditions. The results of this study suggest the emergence of a positive feedback, where areas experiencing SRI fires in southern boreal peatlands are expected to transition to forested vegetation forms. Along fen edges and within bog centers, SRI fires are expected to reduce local peatland groundwater moisture-holding capacity and promote favorable conditions for increased fire frequency and severity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Ann Jones
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laura Elizabeth Chasmer
- Department of Geography and Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kevin John Devito
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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2
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Temmink RJM, Robroek BJM, van Dijk G, Koks AHW, Käärmelahti SA, Barthelmes A, Wassen MJ, Ziegler R, Steele MN, Giesen W, Joosten H, Fritz C, Lamers LPM, Smolders AJP. Wetscapes: Restoring and maintaining peatland landscapes for sustainable futures. AMBIO 2023; 52:1519-1528. [PMID: 37222914 PMCID: PMC10406990 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01875-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Peatlands are among the world's most carbon-dense ecosystems and hotspots of carbon storage. Although peatland drainage causes strong carbon emissions, land subsidence, fires and biodiversity loss, drainage-based agriculture and forestry on peatland is still expanding on a global scale. To maintain and restore their vital carbon sequestration and storage function and to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement, rewetting and restoration of all drained and degraded peatlands is urgently required. However, socio-economic conditions and hydrological constraints hitherto prevent rewetting and restoration on large scale, which calls for rethinking landscape use. We here argue that creating integrated wetscapes (wet peatland landscapes), including nature preserve cores, buffer zones and paludiculture areas (for wet productive land use), will enable sustainable and complementary land-use functions on the landscape level. As such, transforming landscapes into wetscapes presents an inevitable, novel, ecologically and socio-economically sound alternative for drainage-based peatland use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J. M. Temmink
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn J. M. Robroek
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- School of Biological Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Gijs van Dijk
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- B-WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Adam H. W. Koks
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- B-WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sannimari A. Käärmelahti
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Barthelmes
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin J. Wassen
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rafael Ziegler
- Department of Management, HEC Montréal, Édifice Côte-Sainte-Catherine 3000, Chemin de La Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montreal, Canada
| | - Magdalena N. Steele
- School of Biological Science, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Wim Giesen
- Associate with Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Joosten
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, University of Greifswald, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstr. 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Fritz
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. M. Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- B-WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J. P. Smolders
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- B-WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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3
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Marcisz K, Belka Z, Dopieralska J, Jakubowicz M, Karpińska-Kołaczek M, Kołaczek P, Mauquoy D, Słowiński M, Zieliński M, Lamentowicz M. Neodymium isotopes in peat reveal past local environmental disturbances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161859. [PMID: 36709903 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the neodymium (Nd) isotope composition of mineral matter from peat cores has seen increasingly common use as a tracer of dust influx associated with major changes in the Holocene atmospheric circulation. However, the incomplete understanding of the local controls on the sources of the sediment supplied to peatlands remains a key difficulty in the interpretation of the archived Nd isotope signals. Here, we used neodymium isotopes to reconstruct environmental disturbances in peatlands. We performed a multi-proxy study of two peatlands that experienced peatland burning and validated the recorded peat Nd signatures using reference surface sampling. Our data show a link between the Nd isotope signals and local environmental disturbances: peat burning, local fire activity and pollution fluxes. Our study illustrates the crucial role of identifying local events that influence the supply of mineral material to peatlands. Insufficient recognition of such local controls may either obscure the large-scale variations in the atmospheric circulation patterns, or introduce artefacts to the Holocene climate record. We also provide recommendations for the use of Nd isotopes in palaeoecological studies of peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marcisz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Zdzislaw Belka
- Isotope Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dopieralska
- Isotope Laboratory, Poznań Science and Technology Park, Adam Mickiewicz University Foundation, Poznań, Poland
| | | | | | - Piotr Kołaczek
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Dmitri Mauquoy
- School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Michał Słowiński
- Past Landscape Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Climate Change Ecology Research Unit, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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4
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Davies GM, Gray A, Power SC, Domènech R. Resilience of temperate peatland vegetation communities to wildfire depends upon burn severity and pre-fire species composition. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9912. [PMID: 37056693 PMCID: PMC10085816 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peatland ecosystems are of global conservation and environmental importance storing globally significant amounts of ancient carbon, regulating regional temperatures and hydrological regimes, and supporting unique biodiversity. Livestock grazing, land-use change, drainage, nutrient and acid deposition, and wildfire threaten the composition and function of many peatlands including those in the uplands of the United Kingdom. Presently, little is known about either the short- or long-term effects of wildfires within these systems in the UK. Our study aimed to evaluate how plant communities respond to wildfires across a range of vegetation communities, soil types, and burn severities. We evaluated wildfire burn severity using the ground-based Composite Burn Index adapted for treeless peatlands. Using paired burned-unburned plots, we quantified differences in the abundance of plant families and functional groups, vegetation diversity, and community composition. Multivariate differences in composition between burned and unburned areas were used as an index of community resilience to fire. Plots in heathland communities with shallow organic soils burned at the highest severities and had the greatest reductions in plant diversity and richness. There were significant declines in plot-scale species richness and diversity with increasing burn severity. Graminoids were resilient to fire whilst Ericaceae tended to increase with higher severity. Bryophyte composition was substantially altered-pleurocarpous species declined and acrocarpous species increased with greater burn severity. Community resilience was related to ground layer burn severity with higher burn severity driving greater changes in communities. Wildfire effects on temperate peatlands are a function of fire weather and site environmental and ecological characteristics. Management policy should ensure that the risk of severe wildfires is mitigated to protect ecosystem function and biodiversity. This will require system-specific fire management prescriptions across the gradient of peatland soil and vegetation types.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Matt Davies
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Alan Gray
- UK Centre for Ecology and HydrologyPenicuikScotland
| | - Simon C. Power
- School of Environment and Natural ResourcesThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Rut Domènech
- Consortium of Environmental Policies of Terres de l'Ebre (COPATE)AmpostaSpain
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5
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Kelly R, Montgomery WI, Reid N. Initial ecological change in plant and arthropod community composition after wildfires in designated areas of upland peatlands. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9771. [PMID: 36789349 PMCID: PMC9919495 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildfires are an increasing concern due to rising temperatures and incidence of droughts associated with changing climate, poor land management, and direct human interference. Most studies of the impact of fire on temperate heathland and bog examined the consequences of controlled or prescribed burning. Less is known about the impacts of uncontrolled wildfires on sites designated for their conservation value. We examined the initial impact and short-term trajectory (3.5 years) of cool temperate peatland plant and arthropod communities on designated upland sites in Northern Ireland following wildfires, that is, unplanned with respect to where and when they occur, severity, and duration. These near simultaneous wildfires were often due to a failure to control prescribed burns. Wildfires were associated with a loss of blanket bog and heath indicator species. Broad vegetation groups showed initial recovery characterized by a decrease in bare ground and increasing cover of shrub species and bryophytes. However, at a species level, Sphagnum spp and bryophyte communities, which are central to peatland ecosystem functioning, showed no sign of recovery to prefire composition. Rather, bryophyte communities became more divergent over the course of the study and were mainly characterized by increased abundance of the alien pioneer acrocarp Campylopus introflexus. Similarly, composition of arthropod communities (ground beetles and spiders) differed between burnt and unburnt areas and showed no evidence of a return to species composition in unburnt areas. The nationally rare beetle Carabus nitens was more common in the aftermath of wildfire. Synthesis. Whilst, long-term recovery was not investigated, these short-term changes suggest enduring detrimental impacts on the distinctive communities associated with peatlands, primarily through the loss of Sphagnum spp., affecting ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and water and soil retention. It may not be possible to restore exact prefire species composition of plant and animal communities. We suggest a precautionary approach involving management of upland vegetation, public education, and vigilance, to prevent further wildfires and protect these key upland habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Kelly
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS)School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK,Environment and Marine Sciences DivisionAgri‐Food and Biosciences Institute (AFBI)BelfastUK
| | - W. Ian Montgomery
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS)School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
| | - Neil Reid
- Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS)School of Biological SciencesQueen's University BelfastBelfastUK
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6
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Davies M, McLaughlin J, Packalen M, Finkelstein S. Using Holocene paleo-fire records to estimate carbon stock vulnerabilities in Hudson Bay Lowlands peatlands. Facets (Ott) 2023. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2022-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Holocene fire records from charcoal are critical to understand linkages between regional climate and fire regime and to create effective fire management plans. The Hudson Bay Lowlands (HBL) of Canada is one of the largest continuous peatland complexes in the world and is predicted to be increasingly impacted by wildfire. We present three charcoal records from a bog in the western HBL and demonstrate that median fire frequency was higher in the Middle Holocene, related to warmer regional temperatures and higher evaporative demand. Holocene fire frequencies are lower than in western Canadian peatlands, supporting that the HBL lies in the transition between continental and humid boreal fire regimes. Apparent carbon accumulation rates at the site were not significantly different between the Middle and Late Holocene, suggesting that higher fire frequency and enhanced decomposition offset the potential for higher rates of biomass production. We compile records from the boreal region and demonstrate that increasing fire frequency is significantly correlated with diminishing long-term carbon accumulation rates, despite large variation in response of peatlands to fire frequency changes. Therefore, the paleo-record supports that higher fire frequencies will likely weaken the capacity of some northern peatlands to be net carbon sinks in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Davies
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada
- Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, 1235 Queen Street E, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - J.W. McLaughlin
- Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, 1235 Queen Street E, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - M.S. Packalen
- Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Northern Development, Mines, Natural Resources and Forestry, 1235 Queen Street E, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - S.A. Finkelstein
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Ursula Franklin Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B1, Canada
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7
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Temmink RJM, Lamers LPM, Angelini C, Bouma TJ, Fritz C, van de Koppel J, Lexmond R, Rietkerk M, Silliman BR, Joosten H, van der Heide T. Recovering wetland biogeomorphic feedbacks to restore the world's biotic carbon hotspots. Science 2022; 376:eabn1479. [PMID: 35511964 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn1479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biogeomorphic wetlands cover 1% of Earth's surface but store 20% of ecosystem organic carbon. This disproportional share is fueled by high carbon sequestration rates and effective storage in peatlands, mangroves, salt marshes, and seagrass meadows, which greatly exceed those of oceanic and forest ecosystems. Here, we review how feedbacks between geomorphology and landscape-building vegetation underlie these qualities and how feedback disruption can switch wetlands from carbon sinks into sources. Currently, human activities are driving rapid declines in the area of major carbon-storing wetlands (1% annually). Our findings highlight the urgency to stop through conservation ongoing losses and to reestablish landscape-forming feedbacks through restoration innovations that recover the role of biogeomorphic wetlands as the world's biotic carbon hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph J M Temmink
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, Netherlands.,Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands.,Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Leon P M Lamers
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.,B-WARE Research Centre, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christine Angelini
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, Engineering School for Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment, University of Florida, Post Office Box 116580, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Tjeerd J Bouma
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands.,Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands.,Building with Nature group, HZ University of Applied Sciences, Postbus 364, 4380 AJ Vlissingen, Netherlands.,Faculty of Geosciences, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, 3508 TC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christian Fritz
- Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 6, Groningen, 9747 AG, Netherlands
| | - Johan van de Koppel
- Department of Estuarine and Delta Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 4401 NT Yerseke, Netherlands.,Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Robin Lexmond
- Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Max Rietkerk
- Environmental Sciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Brian R Silliman
- Division of Marine Science and Conservation, Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC, USA
| | - Hans Joosten
- Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Greifswald University, Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Soldmannstrasse 15, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Tjisse van der Heide
- Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands.,Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9700 CC Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Identifying Conifer Tree vs. Deciduous Shrub and Tree Regeneration Trajectories in a Space-for-Time Boreal Peatland Fire Chronosequence Using Multispectral Lidar. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Wildland fires and anthropogenic disturbances can cause changes in vegetation species composition and structure in boreal peatlands. These could potentially alter regeneration trajectories following severe fire or through cumulative impacts of climate-mediated drying, fire, and/or anthropogenic disturbance. We used lidar-derived point cloud metrics, and site-specific locational attributes to assess trajectories of post-disturbance vegetation regeneration in boreal peatlands south of Fort McMurray, Alberta, Canada using a space-for-time-chronosequence. The objectives were to (a) develop methods to identify conifer trees vs. deciduous shrubs and trees using multi-spectral lidar data, (b) quantify the proportional coverage of shrubs and trees to determine environmental conditions driving shrub regeneration, and (c) determine the spatial variations in shrub and tree heights as an indicator of cumulative growth since the fire. The results show that the use of lidar-derived structural metrics predicted areas of deciduous shrub establishment (92% accuracy) and classification of deciduous and conifer trees (71% accuracy). Burned bogs and fens were more prone to shrub regeneration up to and including 38 years after the fire. The transition from deciduous to conifer trees occurred approximately 30 years post-fire. These results improve the understanding of environmental conditions that are sensitive to disturbance and impacts of disturbance on northern peatlands within a changing climate.
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9
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Blier‐Langdeau A, Guêné‐Nanchen M, Hugron S, Rochefort L. The resistance and short‐term resilience of a restored extracted peatland ecosystems post‐fire: an opportunistic study after a wildfire. Restor Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Blier‐Langdeau
- Peatland Ecology Research Group, Centre for Northern Studies and Plant Sciences Department Université Laval 2480 boulevard Hochelaga Quebec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Mélina Guêné‐Nanchen
- Peatland Ecology Research Group, Centre for Northern Studies and Plant Sciences Department Université Laval 2480 boulevard Hochelaga Quebec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Sandrine Hugron
- Peatland Ecology Research Group, Centre for Northern Studies and Plant Sciences Department Université Laval 2480 boulevard Hochelaga Quebec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
| | - Line Rochefort
- Peatland Ecology Research Group, Centre for Northern Studies and Plant Sciences Department Université Laval 2480 boulevard Hochelaga Quebec City Québec G1V 0A6 Canada
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10
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Emerging forest-peatland bistability and resilience of European peatland carbon stores. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2101742118. [PMID: 34521751 PMCID: PMC8463847 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101742118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern peatlands store large amounts of carbon. Observations indicate that forests and peatlands in northern biomes can be alternative stable states for a range of landscape settings. Climatic and hydrological changes may reduce the resilience of peatlands and forests, induce persistent shifts between these states, and release the carbon stored in peatlands. Here, we present a dynamic simulation model constrained and validated by a wide set of observations to quantify how feedbacks in water and carbon cycling control resilience of both peatlands and forests in northern landscapes. Our results show that 34% of Europe (area) has a climate that can currently sustain existing rainwater-fed peatlands (raised bogs). However, raised bog initiation and restoration by water conservation measures after the original peat soil has disappeared is only possible in 10% of Europe where the climate allows raised bogs to initiate and outcompete forests. Moreover, in another 10% of Europe, existing raised bogs (concerning ∼20% of the European raised bogs) are already affected by ongoing climate change. Here, forests may overgrow peatlands, which could potentially release in the order of 4% (∼24 Pg carbon) of the European soil organic carbon pool. Our study demonstrates quantitatively that preserving and restoring peatlands requires looking beyond peatland-specific processes and taking into account wider landscape-scale feedbacks with forest ecosystems.
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11
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Szymczyk A, Nita M. Holocene environmental changes in a prehistoric mining and metallurgical region in the light of paleobotanical studies of the bogs of the Brynica river drainage basin (southern Poland). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 788:147755. [PMID: 34134385 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The analyses of human-environment interactions in prehistoric and medieval mining and metallurgical centres in Europe result in various assessments of the environmental impact of early metal ore mining and metallurgy. In some mining and metallurgical sites or areas, such as the prehistoric basin on the Greek island of Kythnos or the later Morvan and Mont Lozère areas in France as well as Tjursbosjön in Sweden, the impact was significant and lasting. In others, such as: Cors Fochno in Wales, the Falkenstein region in Austria, or the Northern Vosges Mountains in France, the environmental changes were limited and reversible. The results of palaeobotanical research (pollen analysis and analysis of plant macroremains) in peat cores from southern Poland enabled the Holocene vegetation transformations in one of the oldest mining regions in Central Europe to be reconstructed. They also provided new data, used to assess the impact of settlements as well as the development of metallurgy on the environment in the region and changes in bog ecosystems. The first changes in vegetation caused by human activity were observed at the boundary between the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. They are documented by pollen indicating shepherding activity and single grains of cereal pollen. The greatest intensity of change, reflected in sediment as a maximum concentration of charcoal, was recorded at the end of the Bronze Age and attributed to the Lusatian culture. The changes in the vegetation under the impact of human activity until the early Middle Ages were reversible and had a local scope. The intensification of slash-and-burn agriculture was indicated as the most probable and important cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Szymczyk
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Nita
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
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12
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Klupar I, Rocha AV, Rastetter EB. Alleviation of nutrient co-limitation induces regime shifts in post-fire community composition and productivity in Arctic tundra. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3324-3335. [PMID: 33960082 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent unprecedented fires in the Arctic during the past two decades have indicated a pressing need to understand the long-term ecological impacts of fire in this biome. Anecdotal evidence suggests that tundra fires can induce regime shifts that change tussock tundra to more shrub-dominated ecosystems. However, the ecological mechanisms regulating these shifts are poorly understood, but are hypothesized to involve changes to nutrient availability in this nutrient limited system. Here we conducted a 4-year two-factorial (control: C, nitrogen along: N+ , phosphorus alone: P+ , nitrogen and phosphorus combined: NP+ ) fertilization experiment in both unburned and burned tundra to test this hypothesis after a decade of post-fire recovery. A decade after fire, the burned site exhibited an increase in soil nitrogen and phosphorus availability and a transition toward taller, more productive, and more deciduous vegetation. This shift in vegetation structure, composition, and function was induced at the unburned site through the addition of both NP+ and the alleviation of their co-limitation. Both burned and unburned tundra responded similarly to fertilizer treatments by increasing leaf area index, greenness, and canopy height in NP+ treatments, and exhibited no significant response in individual N+ or P+ treatments. These results point to a greater need to understand coupled carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles in this system, and suggest that post-fire regime shifts are regulated by the alleviation of nitrogen and phosphorus co-limitation in Arctic tundra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Klupar
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Adrian V Rocha
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Environmental Change Initiative, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Edward B Rastetter
- Marine Biological Laboratory, The Ecosystems Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA
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Nelson K, Thompson D, Hopkinson C, Petrone R, Chasmer L. Peatland-fire interactions: A review of wildland fire feedbacks and interactions in Canadian boreal peatlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:145212. [PMID: 33486170 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Boreal peatlands store a disproportionately large quantity of soil carbon (C) and play a critical role within the global C-climate system; however, with climatic warming, these C stores are at risk. Increased wildfire frequency and severity are expected to increase C loss from boreal peatlands, contributing to a shift from C sink to source. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of pre- and post-fire hydrological and ecological interactions that affect the likelihood of peatland burning, address the connections between peatland fires and the C-climate cycle, and provide a conceptual model of peatland processes as they relate to wildland fire, hydro-climate, and ecosystem change. Despite negative ecohydrological feedback mechanisms that may compensate for increased C loss initially, the cumulative effects of climatic warming, anthropogenic peatland fragmentation, and subsequent peatland drying will increase C loss to the atmosphere, driving a positive C feedback cycle. However, the extent to which negative and positive feedbacks will compensate for one another and the timelines for each remains unclear. We suggest that a multi-disciplinary approach of combining process knowledge with remotely sensed data and ecohydrological and wildland fire models is essential for better understanding the role of boreal peatlands and wildland fire in the global climate system.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nelson
- Dept. of Geography and Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.
| | - D Thompson
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada
| | - C Hopkinson
- Dept. of Geography and Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - R Petrone
- Dept. of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - L Chasmer
- Dept. of Geography and Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Research Highlights: The effects of fire on birds in the most northern parts of the boreal forest are understudied. We found distinct differences in bird communities with increasing fire severity in two vegetation types with naturally different burn severity. The highest severity burns tended to have communities dominated by generalist species, regardless of the original vegetation type. Background and Objectives: Wildfire is the primary natural disturbance in the boreal ecosystems of northwestern Canada. Increased wildfire frequency, extent, and severity are expected with climate change in this region. In particular, the proportion of burns that are high severity and the area of peatlands burned are increasing, and how this influences birds is poorly understood. Materials and Methods: We quantified the effects of burn severity (low, moderate, and high severity) in uplands and peatlands on occupancy, density, richness, community composition, and functional diversity using point counts (n = 1158) from the first two years post-fire for two large fires in the Northwest Territories, Canada. Results: Burn severity had a significant effect on the occupancy and density of 86% of our focal species (n = 20). Responses to burn severity depended on vegetation type for four of the 18 species using occupancy and seven of the 18 using density, but were typically in a similar direction. Species richness and functional diversity were lower in areas of high severity burns than unburned areas and low severity burns in peatlands. Richness was not related to severity in uplands, but functional diversity was. Peatlands had higher species richness than uplands in all burn severities, but as burn severity increased the upland and peatland communities became more similar. Conclusions: Our results suggest that high severity burns in both vegetation types support five generalist species and two fire specialists that may benefit from alterations in vegetation structure as a result of climate induced changes to fire regimes. However, eight species avoided burns, particularly birds preferring peatlands, and are likely to be more susceptible to fire-driven changes to their habitat caused by climate change. Understanding the long-term risks to these species from climate change requires additional efforts that link fire to bird populations.
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15
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Sulwiński M, Mętrak M, Wilk M, Suska-Malawska M. Smouldering fire in a nutrient-limited wetland ecosystem: Long-lasting changes in water and soil chemistry facilitate shrub expansion into a drained burned fen. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:141142. [PMID: 32739756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Wildfires are natural phenomena which regulate functioning and stability of fire-adapted ecosystems. However, their occurrence may impair the functioning of fire-susceptible ecosystems by disturbing nutrient cycling and biodiversity. This work aimed to identify environmental factors shaping post-fire patterns of shrub expansion in a drained, burned peatland. This research was conducted in a fire-susceptible drained rich fen, located in Biebrza National Park (Poland), which was subjected to a large-scale smouldering fire in 2002. In 2014, water and soil chemistry were studied alongside with foliar nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents of a native shrub (Salix cinerea) in four vegetation types present after the fire. Unburned areas were dominated by herbaceous plants. Willows present were sparse and low, with chloroses and necroses. Their foliar nutrient content indicated strong K limitation. Moderately burned areas were dominated either by willows or nitrophilous plants. Willows in moderately burned areas had high chlorophyll content in leaves and their foliar nutrient content indicated a lack of evident nutrient limitation. In the moderately burned areas, relatively high contents of phosphates (P-PO43-) were recorded in soil and water. In areas with high fire severity, willows were withdrawing and their foliar nutrient content indicated N limitation. Decreased content of P-PO43- and ammonium (N-NH4+) in soil and water was also observed there. Thus, fire-induced changes in fen geochemistry were recorded twelve years after a disturbance which shaped the long-term dynamics of shrub expansion. The fire ceased K limitation in burned areas and increased P availability. Strong K limitation, which is typical in degraded fens, appeared to be critical for keeping unmanaged fen meadows with low shrub cover. The occurrence of strong K limitation in drained fen ecosystems may reduce the need for investment in conservation practices used to restrict shrub expansion (e.g. regular mowing or shrub removal).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sulwiński
- Faculty of Biology and Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Mętrak
- Faculty of Biology and Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wilk
- Faculty of Biology and Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Suska-Malawska
- Faculty of Biology and Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury street 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
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16
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Magnan G, Garneau M, Le Stum-Boivin É, Grondin P, Bergeron Y. Long-Term Carbon Sequestration in Boreal Forested Peatlands in Eastern Canada. Ecosystems 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10021-020-00483-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Trezise JE, Facelli JM, Paton DC, J.‐P. Davies R. The effect of heat and smoke on the soil seed banks of heathlands on permanent freshwater swamps. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James E. Trezise
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia5005Australia
| | - Jose M. Facelli
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia5005Australia
| | - David C. Paton
- School of Biological Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia5005Australia
| | - Richard J.‐P. Davies
- Flinders University Adelaide South AustraliaAustralia
- formerly Department for Environment and Water Adelaide South Australia Australia
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18
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Markle CE, Wilkinson SL, Waddington JM. Initial Effects of Wildfire on Freshwater Turtle Nesting Habitat. J Wildl Manage 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chantel E. Markle
- School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster University 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - Sophie L. Wilkinson
- School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster University 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
| | - James M. Waddington
- School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster University 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton Ontario L8S 4K1 Canada
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19
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Turner MG, Calder WJ, Cumming GS, Hughes TP, Jentsch A, LaDeau SL, Lenton TM, Shuman BN, Turetsky MR, Ratajczak Z, Williams JW, Williams AP, Carpenter SR. Climate change, ecosystems and abrupt change: science priorities. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190105. [PMID: 31983326 PMCID: PMC7017767 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecologists have long studied patterns, directions and tempos of change, but there is a pressing need to extend current understanding to empirical observations of abrupt changes as climate warming accelerates. Abrupt changes in ecological systems (ACES)-changes that are fast in time or fast relative to their drivers-are ubiquitous and increasing in frequency. Powerful theoretical frameworks exist, yet applications in real-world landscapes to detect, explain and anticipate ACES have lagged. We highlight five insights emerging from empirical studies of ACES across diverse ecosystems: (i) ecological systems show ACES in some dimensions but not others; (ii) climate extremes may be more important than mean climate in generating ACES; (iii) interactions among multiple drivers often produce ACES; (iv) contingencies, such as ecological memory, frequency and sequence of disturbances, and spatial context are important; and (v) tipping points are often (but not always) associated with ACES. We suggest research priorities to advance understanding of ACES in the face of climate change. Progress in understanding ACES requires strong integration of scientific approaches (theory, observations, experiments and process-based models) and high-quality empirical data drawn from a diverse array of ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Climate change and ecosystems: threats, opportunities and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica G. Turner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - W. John Calder
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Graeme S. Cumming
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Terry P. Hughes
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance Ecology, BayCEER, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | | | - Bryan N. Shuman
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Merritt R. Turetsky
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Zak Ratajczak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - John W. Williams
- Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - A. Park Williams
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
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20
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Increased Peatland Nutrient Availability Following the Fort McMurray Horse River Wildfire. DIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11090142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Northern peatlands are experiencing increased wildfire disturbance, threatening peatland biogeochemical function and ability to remain major stores of carbon (C) and macronutrients (nitrogen—N, and phosphorus—P). The impacts of climate change-driven drying on peatland nutrient dynamics have been explored previously; however, the impacts of wildfire on nutrient dynamics have not been examined when comparing burned and unburned areas in a post-fire fen. This study assessed the impact of wildfire on N and P bioavailability, change in CNP stoichiometric balance and feedback on plant nutrient limitation patterns in a fen peatland, one-year post-wildfire, by comparing Burned and Unburned areas. Water extractable P increased up to 200 times in shallow leachate, 125 times in groundwater and 5 times in peat. Surface ash leachate had increased concentrations in Ammonium (NH4+) and Nitrate (NO3−), and through groundwater mobility, increased extractable N concentrations were observed in peat throughout the entire fen. The net mineralization of N and P were minimal at the Burned areas relative to Unburned areas. Fire affected plant nutrient limitation patterns, switching from dominantly N-limited to NP co-limited and P-limitation in moss and vascular species respectively. The top 20 cm of the Burned area C concentrations was higher relative to the Unburned area, with increased CN and CP ratios also being found in the Burned area. These findings suggest that the long-term effects of elevated C, N, and P concentrations on plant productivity and decomposition must be re-evaluated for fire disturbance to understand the resiliency of peatland biogeochemistry post-wildfire.
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21
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Kettridge N, Lukenbach MC, Hokanson KJ, Devito KJ, Petrone RM, Mendoza CA, Waddington JM. Severe wildfire exposes remnant peat carbon stocks to increased post-fire drying. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3727. [PMID: 30842569 PMCID: PMC6403377 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of high severity wildfires to increase global terrestrial carbon emissions and exacerbate future climatic warming is of international concern. Nowhere is this more prevalent than within high latitude regions where peatlands have, over millennia, accumulated legacy carbon stocks comparable to all human CO2 emissions since the beginning of the industrial revolution. Drying increases rates of peat decomposition and associated atmospheric and aquatic carbon emissions. The degree to which severe wildfires enhance drying under future climates and induce instability in peatland ecological communities and carbon stocks is unknown. Here we show that high burn severities increased post-fire evapotranspiration by 410% within a feather moss peatland by burning through the protective capping layer that restricts evaporative drying in response to low severity burns. High burn severities projected under future climates will therefore leave peatlands that dominate dry sub-humid regions across the boreal, on the edge of their climatic envelopes, more vulnerable to intense post-fire drying, inducing high rates of carbon loss to the atmosphere that amplify the direct combustion emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kettridge
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - M C Lukenbach
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.,Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - K J Hokanson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada.,School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - K J Devito
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - R M Petrone
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - C A Mendoza
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - J M Waddington
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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22
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Grau-Andrés R, Gray A, Davies GM, Scott EM, Waldron S. Burning increases post-fire carbon emissions in a heathland and a raised bog, but experimental manipulation of fire severity has no effect. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 233:321-328. [PMID: 30584963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of carbon are stored in northern peatlands. There is concern that greater wildfire severity following projected increases in summer drought will lead to higher post-fire carbon losses. We measured soil carbon dynamics in a Calluna heathland and a raised peat bog after experimentally manipulating fire severity. A gradient of fire severity was achieved by simulating drought in 2 × 2 m plots. Ecosystem respiration (ER), net ecosystem exchange (NEE), methane (CH4) flux and concentration of dissolved organic carbon ([DOC], measured at the raised bog only) were measured for up to two years after burning. The response of these carbon fluxes to increased fire severity in drought plots was similar to plots burnt under ambient conditions associated with traditional managed burning. Averaged across all burnt plots, burning altered mean NEE from a net carbon sink at the heathland (-0.33 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 in unburnt plots) to a carbon source (0.50 μmol m-2 s-1 in burnt plots) and at the raised bog (-0.38 and 0.16 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively). Burning also increased CH4 flux at the raised bog (from 1.16 to 25.3 nmol m-2 s-1 in the summer, when it accounted for 79% of the CO2-equivalent emission). Burning had no significant effect on soil water [DOC].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Grau-Andrés
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK.
| | - Alan Gray
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
| | - G Matt Davies
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Kottman Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - E Marian Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QW, UK
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
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23
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Jagodziński AM, DyderskI MK, Horodecki P, Rawlik K, Gdula AK. Succession of Tree Species on Drained Bogs in ‘Brzozowe Bagno koło Czaplinka’ Nature Reserve, NW Poland. POLISH JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15052249pje2018.66.4.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin K. DyderskI
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Paweł Horodecki
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Rawlik
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Anna K. Gdula
- Poznań University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Forestry, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań Poland
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Grau-Andrés R, Davies GM, Waldron S, Scott EM, Gray A. Increased fire severity alters initial vegetation regeneration across Calluna-dominated ecosystems. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 231:1004-1011. [PMID: 30602224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Calluna vulgaris-dominated habitats are valued for ecosystem services such as carbon storage and for their conservation importance. Climate and environmental change are altering their fire regimes. In particular, more frequent summer droughts will result in higher severity wildfires. This could alter the plant community composition of Calluna habitats and thereby influence ecosystem function. To study the effect of fire severity on community composition we used rain-out shelters to simulate drought prior to experimental burns at two Calluna-dominated sites, a raised bog and a heathland. We analysed species abundance in plots surveyed ca. 16 months after fire in relation to burn severity (indicated by fire-induced soil heating). We found that fire severity was an important control on community composition at both sites. Higher fire severity increased the abundance of ericoids, graminoids and acrocarpous mosses, and decreased the abundance of pleurocarpous mosses compared to lower severity fires. At the raised bog, the keystone species Sphagnum capillifolium and Eriophorum vaginatum showed no difference in regeneration with fire severity. Species and plant functional type beta-diversity increased following fire, and was similar in higher compared to lower severity burns. Our results further our understanding of the response of Calluna-dominated habitats to projected changes in fire regimes, and can assist land managers using prescribed fires in selecting burning conditions to achieve management objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Grau-Andrés
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK.
| | - G Matt Davies
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Kottman Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QQ, UK
| | - E Marian Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G128QW, UK
| | - Alan Gray
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK
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25
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Barber QE, Parisien MA, Whitman E, Stralberg D, Johnson CJ, St-Laurent MH, DeLancey ER, Price DT, Arseneault D, Wang X, Flannigan MD. Potential impacts of climate change on the habitat of boreal woodland caribou. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quinn E. Barber
- Northern Forestry Centre; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; 5320 122 St. NW Edmonton Alberta T6H 3S5 Canada
| | - Marc-André Parisien
- Northern Forestry Centre; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; 5320 122 St. NW Edmonton Alberta T6H 3S5 Canada
| | - Ellen Whitman
- Northern Forestry Centre; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; 5320 122 St. NW Edmonton Alberta T6H 3S5 Canada
- Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; 751 General Services Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Diana Stralberg
- Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; 751 General Services Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
| | - Chris J. Johnson
- Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute; University of Northern British Columbia; 3333 University Way Prince George British Columbia V2N 4Z9 Canada
| | - Martin-Hugues St-Laurent
- Département de Biologie; Centre for Northern Studies and Centre for Forest Research; Chimie et Géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; 300 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski Québec G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Evan R. DeLancey
- Alberta Biodiversity Monitoring Institute; University of Alberta; Edmonton Alberta T6G 2R3 Canada
| | - David T. Price
- Northern Forestry Centre; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; 5320 122 St. NW Edmonton Alberta T6H 3S5 Canada
| | - Dominique Arseneault
- Département de Biologie; Centre for Northern Studies and Centre for Forest Research; Chimie et Géographie; Université du Québec à Rimouski; 300 Allée des Ursulines Rimouski Québec G5L 3A1 Canada
| | - Xianli Wang
- Great Lakes Forestry Centre; Canadian Forest Service; Natural Resources Canada; 1219 Queen Street East Sault Ste. Marie Ontario P6A 2E5 Canada
| | - Mike D. Flannigan
- Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; 751 General Services Building Edmonton Alberta T6G 2H1 Canada
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26
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Grau-Andrés R, Davies GM, Gray A, Scott EM, Waldron S. Fire severity is more sensitive to low fuel moisture content on Calluna heathlands than on peat bogs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:1261-1269. [PMID: 29111249 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Moorland habitats dominated by the dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris provide important ecosystem services. Drought is projected to intensify throughout their range, potentially leading to increased fire severity as moisture is a key control on severity. We studied the effect of low fuel moisture content (FMC) on fire severity by using 2×2m rain-out shelters prior to completing 19 experimental fires in two sites in Scotland (UK): a dry heath with thin organic soils and a raised bog with deep, saturated peat, both dominated by Calluna vulgaris. Reduced FMC of the moss and litter (M/L) layer at both sites, and the soil moisture of the dry heath, increased fire-induced consumption of the M/L layer and soil heating at both sites. Increase in fire severity was greater at the dry heath than at the raised bog, e.g. average maximum temperatures at the soil surface increased from 31°C to 189°C at the dry heath, but only from 10°C to 15°C at the raised bog. Substantial M/L layer consumption was observed when its FMC was below 150%. This led to larger seasonal and daily soil temperature fluctuation, particularly at the dry heath during warm months. The results suggest that low FMC following predicted changes in climate are likely to increase wildfire severity and that the impact on vegetation composition and carbon stores may be greater at heathlands than at peatlands. Managed burning aiming to minimise fire severity (e.g. ignition of the M/L layer and exposure to lethal temperatures of ericoid seeds) should be carried out when the FMC of the M/L layer is above 150% and the FMC of the soil is above 200-300%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Grau-Andrés
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK.
| | - G Matt Davies
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Kottman Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Alan Gray
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK
| | - E Marian Scott
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QW, UK
| | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G128QQ, UK
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A New Method to Map Groundwater Table in Peatlands Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. REMOTE SENSING 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/rs9101057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Page SE, Hooijer A. In the line of fire: the peatlands of Southeast Asia. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0176. [PMID: 27216508 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peatlands are a significant component of the global carbon (C) cycle, yet despite their role as a long-term C sink throughout the Holocene, they are increasingly vulnerable to destabilization. Nowhere is this shift from sink to source happening more rapidly than in Southeast Asia, and nowhere else are the combined pressures of land-use change and fire on peatland ecosystem C dynamics more evident nor the consequences more apparent. This review focuses on the peatlands of this region, tracing the link between deforestation and drainage and accelerating C emissions arising from peat mineralization and fire. It focuses on the implications of the recent increase in fire occurrence for air quality, human health, ecosystem resilience and the global C cycle. The scale and controls on peat-driven C emissions are addressed, noting that although fires cause large, temporary peaks in C flux to the atmosphere, year-round emissions from peat mineralization are of a similar magnitude. The review concludes by advocating land management options to reduce future fire risk as part of wider peatland management strategies, while also proposing that this region's peat fire dynamic could become increasingly relevant to northern peatlands in a warming world.This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Page
- Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - A Hooijer
- Stichting Deltares, Rotterdamseweg 185, 2629 HD Delft, The Netherlands
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Roos CI, Scott AC, Belcher CM, Chaloner WG, Aylen J, Bird RB, Coughlan MR, Johnson BR, Johnston FH, McMorrow J, Steelman T. Living on a flammable planet: interdisciplinary, cross-scalar and varied cultural lessons, prospects and challenges. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0469. [PMID: 27216517 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Living with fire is a challenge for human communities because they are influenced by socio-economic, political, ecological and climatic processes at various spatial and temporal scales. Over the course of 2 days, the authors discussed how communities could live with fire challenges at local, national and transnational scales. Exploiting our diverse, international and interdisciplinary expertise, we outline generalizable properties of fire-adaptive communities in varied settings where cultural knowledge of fire is rich and diverse. At the national scale, we discussed policy and management challenges for countries that have diminishing fire knowledge, but for whom global climate change will bring new fire problems. Finally, we assessed major fire challenges that transcend national political boundaries, including the health burden of smoke plumes and the climate consequences of wildfires. It is clear that to best address the broad range of fire problems, a holistic wildfire scholarship must develop common agreement in working terms and build across disciplines. We must also communicate our understanding of fire and its importance to the media, politicians and the general public.This article is part of the themed issue 'The interaction of fire and mankind'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher I Roos
- Department of Anthropology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX 75275, USA
| | - Andrew C Scott
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Claire M Belcher
- wildFIRE Lab, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - William G Chaloner
- Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Jonathan Aylen
- Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rebecca Bliege Bird
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michael R Coughlan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Bart R Johnson
- Department of Landscape Architecture, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97401, USA
| | - Fay H Johnston
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania 7000, Australia
| | - Julia McMorrow
- School of Environment, Education, and Development, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Toddi Steelman
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5C8
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30
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Erni S, Arseneault D, Parisien MA, Bégin Y. Spatial and temporal dimensions of fire activity in the fire-prone eastern Canadian taiga. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:1152-1166. [PMID: 27514018 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The forest age mosaic is a fundamental attribute of the North American boreal forest. Given that fires are generally lethal to trees, the time since last fire largely determines the composition and structure of forest stands and landscapes. Although the spatiotemporal dynamics of such mosaics has long been assumed to be random under the overwhelming influence of severe fire weather, no long-term reconstruction of mosaic dynamics has been performed from direct field evidence. In this study, we use fire length as a proxy for fire extent across the fire-prone eastern Canadian taiga and systematically reconstruct the spatiotemporal variability of fire extent and fire intervals, as well as the resulting forest age along a 340-km transect for the 1840-2013 time period. Our results indicate an extremely active fire regime over the last two centuries, with an overall burn rate of 2.1% of the land area yr-1 , mainly triggered by seasonal anomalies of high temperature and severe drought. However, the rejuvenation of the age mosaic was strongly patterned in space and time due to the intrinsically lower burn rates in wetland-dominated areas and, more importantly, to the much-reduced likelihood of burning of stands up to 50 years postfire. An extremely high burn rate of ~5% yr-1 would have characterized our study region during the last century in the absence of such fuel age effect. Although recent burn rates and fire sizes are within their range of variability of the last 175 years, a particularly severe weather event allowed a 2013 fire to spread across a large fire refuge, thus shifting the abundance of mature and old forest to a historic low. These results provide reference conditions to evaluate the significance and predict the spatiotemporal dynamics and impacts of the currently strengthening fire activity in the North American boreal forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandy Erni
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut national de la Recherche Scientifique, 490, Rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Dominique Arseneault
- Département de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300, Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Marc-André Parisien
- Northern Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Edmonton, AB, T6H 3S5, Canada
| | - Yves Bégin
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 490 de la Couronne, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada
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31
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Wijedasa LS, Jauhiainen J, Könönen M, Lampela M, Vasander H, Leblanc MC, Evers S, Smith TEL, Yule CM, Varkkey H, Lupascu M, Parish F, Singleton I, Clements GR, Aziz SA, Harrison ME, Cheyne S, Anshari GZ, Meijaard E, Goldstein JE, Waldron S, Hergoualc'h K, Dommain R, Frolking S, Evans CD, Posa MRC, Glaser PH, Suryadiputra N, Lubis R, Santika T, Padfield R, Kurnianto S, Hadisiswoyo P, Lim TW, Page SE, Gauci V, Van Der Meer PJ, Buckland H, Garnier F, Samuel MK, Choo LNLK, O'Reilly P, Warren M, Suksuwan S, Sumarga E, Jain A, Laurance WF, Couwenberg J, Joosten H, Vernimmen R, Hooijer A, Malins C, Cochrane MA, Perumal B, Siegert F, Peh KSH, Comeau LP, Verchot L, Harvey CF, Cobb A, Jaafar Z, Wösten H, Manuri S, Müller M, Giesen W, Phelps J, Yong DL, Silvius M, Wedeux BMM, Hoyt A, Osaki M, Hirano T, Takahashi H, Kohyama TS, Haraguchi A, Nugroho NP, Coomes DA, Quoi LP, Dohong A, Gunawan H, Gaveau DLA, Langner A, Lim FKS, Edwards DP, Giam X, Van Der Werf G, Carmenta R, Verwer CC, Gibson L, Gandois L, Graham LLB, Regalino J, Wich SA, Rieley J, Kettridge N, Brown C, Pirard R, Moore S, Capilla BR, Ballhorn U, Ho HC, Hoscilo A, Lohberger S, Evans TA, Yulianti N, Blackham G, Husson S, Murdiyarso D, Pangala S, Cole LES, Tacconi L, Segah H, Tonoto P, Lee JSH, Schmilewski G, Wulffraat S, Putra EI, Cattau ME, Clymo RS, Morrison R, Mujahid A, Miettinen J, Liew SC, Valpola S, Wilson D, D'Arcy L, Gerding M, Sundari S, Thornton SA, Kalisz B, Chapman SJ, Su ASM, Basuki I, Itoh M, Traeholt C, Sloan S, Sayok AK, Andersen R. Denial of long-term issues with agriculture on tropical peatlands will have devastating consequences. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:977-982. [PMID: 27670948 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lahiru S Wijedasa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- ConservationLinks, 433 Clementi Avenue 3, #01-258, 120433, Singapore
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
| | - Jyrki Jauhiainen
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mari Könönen
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lampela
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harri Vasander
- University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 3 (Fabianinkatu 33), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Claire Leblanc
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, 2425, Rue de l'agriculture, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Bureau 1122, Ville de Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Stephanie Evers
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
| | - Thomas E L Smith
- School of Geography, King's College London, London, WC2R 2NA, UK
| | - Catherine M Yule
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Helena Varkkey
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of International & Strategic Studies and Asia-Europe Institute, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Massimo Lupascu
- Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, AS2, #03-01, 1 Arts Link, Kent Ridge, 117570, Singapore
| | - Faizal Parish
- Global Environment Centre, 2nd Floor, Wisma Hing, 78, Jalan SS2/72, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, 47300, Malaysia
| | - Ian Singleton
- Sumatran Orangutan Conservation Programme, Jl. Wahid Hasyim No. 51/74 Medan, 20154, Sumatera Utara - Indonesia
| | - Gopalasamy R Clements
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Kenyir Research Institute, Universiti MalaysiaTerengganu, T145, 21300, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
- Departement d'Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7179/CNRS-MNHN, 1 Avenue du Petit Chateau, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Sheema Abdul Aziz
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Departement d'Écologie et Gestion de la Biodiversité, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7179/CNRS-MNHN, 1 Avenue du Petit Chateau, 91800, Brunoy, France
| | - Mark E Harrison
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Susan Cheyne
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Z Anshari
- Centre for Wetlands, People and Biodiverstiy, Tanjungpura University, Pontianak Tenggara, Barat, 78124, Western Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Erik Meijaard
- Borneo Futures, Country Woods 306, Jalan WR Supratman, Pondok Ranji-Rengas, Ciputat, 15412, Tangerang, Indonesia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Susan Waldron
- School of Geographical and Earth Sciences, University of Glasgow, R517B Level 5 GES, East Quadrangle, Main Building, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Kristell Hergoualc'h
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Rene Dommain
- Human Origins Program, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 10th St. & Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA
| | - Steve Frolking
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Christopher D Evans
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Environment Centre, Deiniol Rd, Bangor, LL57, UK
| | - Mary Rose C Posa
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Paul H Glaser
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Minnesota, 310 Pillsbury Drive SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455-0231, USA
| | - Nyoman Suryadiputra
- Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, Jl. Bango No. 11, Bogor, 16161, Indonesia
| | - Reza Lubis
- Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, Jl. Bango No. 11, Bogor, 16161, Indonesia
| | - Truly Santika
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rory Padfield
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Social Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford, OX3 0BP, UK
| | - Sofyan Kurnianto
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Panut Hadisiswoyo
- Orangutan Information Centre, Jl. Sembada XVI, Jl. Bunga Sedap Malam XVIII C No. 10 20131. Kecamatan Medan Selayang Medan, Sumatera Utara, 20131, Indonesia
| | - Teck Wyn Lim
- Resource Stewardship Consultants Sdn Bhd, Jalan Othman, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Susan E Page
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Vincent Gauci
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Peter J Van Der Meer
- Van Hall Larenstein, University of Applied Sciences, Agora 1, PO Box 1528, 8901 BV, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Buckland
- Sumatran Orangutan Society, London, 7 Stert Street, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3JF, UK
| | - Fabien Garnier
- Sumatran Orangutan Society, London, 7 Stert Street, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 3JF, UK
| | - Marshall K Samuel
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Climate Change Programme, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), P.O. Box 59, Roban, 95300, Saratok, Sarawak, Malaysia
- Global Research Alliance (GRA), USDA-FAS, Washington State University, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW Mail Stop 1001, Washington, D.C., 20250, USA
| | - Liza Nuriati Lim Kim Choo
- Climate Change Programme, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), P.O. Box 59, Roban, 95300, Saratok, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Patrick O'Reilly
- Tropical Catchment Research Initiative (TROCARI), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Crops for the Future, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- School of Politics, History and International Relations, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Matthew Warren
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 410 MacInnes Drive, Houghton, MI, 49931-1199, USA
| | - Surin Suksuwan
- Proforest, Suite #303, MBE Desa Sri Hartamas No. 30G, Jalan 25/70 A, 50480, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elham Sumarga
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jl. Ganesa 10, Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Anuj Jain
- ConservationLinks, 433 Clementi Avenue 3, #01-258, 120433, Singapore
- BirdLife International, The David Attenborough Building, 1st Floor, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, UK
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - John Couwenberg
- Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, c/o Michael Succow Stiftung, Ellernholzstr. 1/3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans Joosten
- Partner in the Greifswald Mire Centre, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, c/o Michael Succow Stiftung, Ellernholzstr. 1/3, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Chris Malins
- Cerulogy, The International Council on Clean Transportation, 11 Belgrave Road, London, SW1V 1RB, UK
| | - Mark A Cochrane
- Geospatial Sciences Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, 1021 Medary Ave, Wecota Hall 115 Box 506B, Brookings, SD, 57007, USA
| | - Balu Perumal
- Malaysian Nature Society, JKR 641 Jalan Kelantan, Bukit Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, 50480, Malaysia
| | - Florian Siegert
- GeoBio Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333, München, Germany
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstraße 3, 82065, Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Kelvin S-H Peh
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
- Conservation Science Group, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Louis-Pierre Comeau
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2nd Floor, Wong Foo Yuan Building, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - Louis Verchot
- International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, Apartado Aéreo 6713, 763537, Cali, Colombia
| | - Charles F Harvey
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore
- Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave 48, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alex Cobb
- Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave 48, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Zeehan Jaafar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012 SI Building, Room 153, MRC 010, Washington, D.C., 20013-7012, USA
| | - Henk Wösten
- Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Solichin Manuri
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, Australian National University, Linnaeus Way, Acton, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Moritz Müller
- Swinburne University of Technology Sarawak Campus, Jalan Simpang Tiga, 93300, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Wim Giesen
- Euroconsult Mott MacDonald, Amsterdamseweg 15, 6814 CM, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Phelps
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Library Avenue, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Ding Li Yong
- Rimba, Malaysia, Jalan 1/9D, Bandar Baru Bangi, Selangor, MY, 43650, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darhul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Southeast Asian Biodiversity Society, Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, Faculty of Science, The National University of Singapore, Block S6, Level 3, Science Drive 2, 117600, Singapore
| | - Marcel Silvius
- Wetlands International, P.O. Box 471, 6700 AL, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Béatrice M M Wedeux
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Alison Hoyt
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #10-01 CREATE Tower, 138602, Singapore
- Parsons Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 77 Massachusetts Ave 48, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mitsuru Osaki
- Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- NPO Hokkaido Institute of Hydro-Climate, Frontier 14, N 14 W 3, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 001-0014, Japan
| | - Takashi S Kohyama
- Hokkaido University, 5 Chome Kita 8 Jonishi, Kita Ward, Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture, 060-0808, Japan
| | - Akira Haraguchi
- Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu-shi, Fukuoka, 804-8550, Japan
| | - Nunung P Nugroho
- Research and Development Institute on Watershed Management Technology, Research, Development and Innovation Agency, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Wanabakti Block I 2nd Floor Jalan Jenderal Gatot Subroto Jakarta Pusat, 10270, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - David A Coomes
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Le Phat Quoi
- Institute for Environment and Natural Resources, National University at HCM City, 6 Quarter, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alue Dohong
- Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG), UNPAR, Jakarta, LP3LH, Indonesia
| | - Haris Gunawan
- Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG), UNPAR, Jakarta, LP3LH, Indonesia
| | - David L A Gaveau
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Andreas Langner
- Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, Directorate D - Sustainable Resources - Bio-Economy Unit, Via E. Fermi, 2749, I-21027, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Felix K S Lim
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Xingli Giam
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA
| | - Guido Van Der Werf
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085-1087, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Carmenta
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Caspar C Verwer
- International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), National Committee of The Netherlands, Plantage Middenlaan 2K, 1018 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luke Gibson
- School of Biological Sciences, Kadoorie Biological Sciences Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laure Gandois
- Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement, Universite de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 18, Route de Narbonne Bât. 4R1, 31062, Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | | | - Jhanson Regalino
- Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOSF), Jalan Papandayan No. 10, Bogor, 16151, Indonesia
| | - Serge A Wich
- School of Natural Sciences & Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, L33AF, UK
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 94248, 1090 GE, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Rieley
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Notingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicholas Kettridge
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Chloe Brown
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, University Park, Notingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Romain Pirard
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QY, UK
| | - B Ripoll Capilla
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Uwe Ballhorn
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstraße 3, 82065, Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Hua Chew Ho
- Nature Society (Singapore), 510 Geylang Road, #02-05, The Sunflower, 389466, Singapore
| | - Agata Hoscilo
- Remote Sensing Centre, Institute of Geodesy and Cartography, ul. Modzelewskiego 27, 02-679, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sandra Lohberger
- RSS Remote Sensing Solutions GmbH, Isarstraße 3, 82065, Baierbrunn, Germany
| | - Theodore A Evans
- School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Nina Yulianti
- University of Palangka Raya, Palangkaraya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Grace Blackham
- Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Queen Elizabeth's Walk, London, SW13 9WT, UK
| | - Simon Husson
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Bogor Agricultural University, Jln. Meranti, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sunita Pangala
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Lydia E S Cole
- Department of Global Change Biology Zoology, Oxford Long-term Ecology Laboratory, University of Oxford, The Tinbergen Building, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Luca Tacconi
- Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University, Acton, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Hendrik Segah
- Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, Queen Elizabeth's Walk, London, SW13 9WT, UK
| | - Prayoto Tonoto
- Graduate School for International Development and Cooperation, Hiroshima University, 1-5-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8529, Japan
| | - Janice S H Lee
- Asian School of the Environment, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore
| | - Gerald Schmilewski
- International Peatland Society, Nisulankatu 78, 40720, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Stephan Wulffraat
- World Wide Fund for Nature, Simatupang Tower 2 Unit C 7 Floor Jl. Letjen TB. Simatupang Kav. 38, Jakarta Selatan, 12540, Indonesia
| | - Erianto Indra Putra
- ConservationLinks, 433 Clementi Avenue 3, #01-258, 120433, Singapore
- Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, 2425, Rue de l'agriculture, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Bureau 1122, Ville de Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University, Jl. Lingkar Akademik Kampus IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat, 16680, Indonesia
| | - Megan E Cattau
- Grand Challenge Earth Lab, University of Colorado, 4001 Discover Drive Suite S348, Boulder, CO, 80303, USA
| | - R S Clymo
- Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ross Morrison
- Land Surface Flux Measurements Group, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Aazani Mujahid
- Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jukka Miettinen
- Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Blk S17, Level 2, 119076, Singapore
| | - Soo Chin Liew
- Centre for Remote Imaging, Sensing and Processing, National University of Singapore, 10 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Blk S17, Level 2, 119076, Singapore
| | - Samu Valpola
- Geological Survey of Finland, P.O. Box 97 (Vaasantie 6), FI 67101, Kokkola, Finland
| | - David Wilson
- Earthy Matters Environmental Consultants, Glenvar, Letterkenny, Co., Donegal, Ireland
| | - Laura D'Arcy
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
| | - Michiel Gerding
- International Peatland Society, Nisulankatu 78, 40720, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Siti Sundari
- Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), JL. Raya Jakarta - Bogor Km. 46 Cibinong, 16911, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Sara A Thornton
- Borneo Nature Foundation, Jalan Bukit Raya No. 82 Bukit Raya Palangka Raya, 73112, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
- University of Leicester, University Rd, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Barbara Kalisz
- Department of Soil Science and Land Reclamation, Faculty of Environment and Agriculture, University of Warmia and Mazury, Michała Oczapowskiego 2, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Stephen J Chapman
- Ecological Sciences Group, The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, AB158QH, Scotland, UK
| | - Ahmad Suhaizi Mat Su
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Imam Basuki
- Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), P.O. Box 0113 BOCBD, Bogor, 16000, Indonesia
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Nash Hall, 2820 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Masayuki Itoh
- Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, 46 Shimoadachi-cho, Yoshida Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Carl Traeholt
- Southeast Asia Program, Research and Conservation Division, Copenhagen Zoo, Roskildevej 32, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Sean Sloan
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS) & College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, PO Box 6811, Cairns, Queensland, 4870, Australia
| | - Alexander K Sayok
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Roxane Andersen
- Environmental Research Institute, University of Highlands and Islands, Castle St., Thurso, KW147JD, UK
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Marcisz K, Colombaroli D, Jassey VEJ, Tinner W, Kołaczek P, Gałka M, Karpińska-Kołaczek M, Słowiński M, Lamentowicz M. A novel testate amoebae trait-based approach to infer environmental disturbance in Sphagnum peatlands. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33907. [PMID: 27658521 PMCID: PMC5034269 DOI: 10.1038/srep33907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species' functional traits are closely related to ecosystem processes through evolutionary adaptation, and are thus directly connected to environmental changes. Species' traits are not commonly used in palaeoecology, even though they offer powerful advantages in understanding the impact of environmental disturbances in a mechanistic way over time. Here we show that functional traits of testate amoebae (TA), a common group of palaeoecological indicators, can serve as an early warning signal of ecosystem disturbance and help determine thresholds of ecosystem resilience to disturbances in peatlands. We analysed TA traits from two Sphagnum-dominated mires, which had experienced different kinds of disturbances in the past 2000 years - fire and peat extraction, respectively. We tested the effect of disturbances on the linkages between TA community structure, functional trait composition and functional diversity using structural equation modelling. We found that traits such as mixotrophy and small hidden apertures (plagiostomic apertures) are strongly connected with disturbance, suggesting that these two traits can be used as palaeoecological proxies of peatland disturbance. We show that TA functional traits may serve as a good proxy of past environmental changes, and further analysis of trait-ecosystem relationships could make them valuable indicators of the contemporary ecosystem state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marcisz
- Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.,Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Colombaroli
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent E J Jassey
- Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Ecological Systems Laboratory, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland.,WSL - Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, Site Lausanne, Station 2, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Willy Tinner
- Institute of Plant Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Kołaczek
- Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Gałka
- Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek
- Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Michał Słowiński
- Department of Environmental Resources and Geohazards, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organisation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mariusz Lamentowicz
- Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland.,Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 10, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
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Granath G, Moore PA, Lukenbach MC, Waddington JM. Mitigating wildfire carbon loss in managed northern peatlands through restoration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28498. [PMID: 27346604 PMCID: PMC4921962 DOI: 10.1038/srep28498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Northern peatlands can emit large amounts of carbon and harmful smoke pollution during a wildfire. Of particular concern are drained and mined peatlands, where management practices destabilize an array of ecohydrological feedbacks, moss traits and peat properties that moderate water and carbon losses in natural peatlands. Our results demonstrate that drained and mined peatlands in Canada and northern Europe can experience catastrophic deep burns (>200 t C ha−1 emitted) under current weather conditions. Furthermore, climate change will cause greater water losses in these peatlands and subject even deeper peat layers to wildfire combustion. However, the rewetting of drained peatlands and the restoration of mined peatlands can effectively lower the risk of these deep burns, especially if a new peat moss layer successfully establishes and raises peat moisture content. We argue that restoration efforts are a necessary measure to mitigate the risk of carbon loss in managed peatlands under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustaf Granath
- Department of Ecology, Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7044, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.,School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Paul A Moore
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Maxwell C Lukenbach
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - James M Waddington
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
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34
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Lõhmus A, Remm L, Rannap R. Just a Ditch in Forest? Reconsidering Draining in the Context of Sustainable Forest Management. Bioscience 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biv136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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