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Mororó MCC, Mahnke LC, Assis CRD, da Silva RA, Cabrera MP, Bezerra RP, Carvalho Júnior LB, Alves MHME. Acetylcholinesterase purification from human erythrocytes using magnetic nanoparticles containing procainamide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132094. [PMID: 38705318 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
This work presents a magnetic purification method of human erythrocyte Acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7; AChE) based on affinity binding to procainamide (Proca) as ligand. Acetylcholinesterase is an acetylcholine-regulating enzyme found in different areas of the body and associated with various neurological disorders, such as Parkinson, Alzheymer and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. AChE from human erythrocyte purification has been attempted in recent years with low degree of purity. Here, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were synthesized and coated with polyaniline (PANI) and procainamide (PROCA) was covalently linked to the PANI. The extracted human erythrocyte AChE formed a complex with the MNP@PANI-PROCA and an external magnet separated it from the undesired proteins. Finally, the enzyme was collected by increasing the ionic strength. Experimental Box-Behnken design was developed to optimize this process of human erythrocyte AChE purification protocol. The enzyme was purified in all fifteen experiments. However, the best AChE purification result was achieved, about 2000 times purified, when 100 mg of MNP@PANI-PROCA was incubated for one hour with 4 ml hemolysate extract. The SDS-PAGE of this preparation presented a molecular weight of approximately 70 kDa, corroborating with few previous studies of AChE from erythrocyte purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cleudenôra Cássia Mororó
- Keizo Asami Intitute (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Layla Carvalho Mahnke
- Keizo Asami Intitute (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Afonso da Silva
- Keizo Asami Intitute (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana Paola Cabrera
- Keizo Asami Intitute (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raquel Pedrosa Bezerra
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Bezerra Carvalho Júnior
- Keizo Asami Intitute (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Menezes Estevam Alves
- Keizo Asami Intitute (iLIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida professor Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade universitária, CEP 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Rosenberg YJ, Jiang X, Lees JP, Urban LA, Mao L, Sack M. Enhanced HIV SOSIP Envelope yields in plants through transient co-expression of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase B and calreticulin chaperones and ER targeting. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10027. [PMID: 35705669 PMCID: PMC9200074 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14075-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High yield production of recombinant HIV SOSIP envelope (Env) trimers has proven elusive as numerous disulfide bonds, proteolytic cleavage and extensive glycosylation pose high demands on the host cell machinery and stress imposed by accumulation of misfolded proteins may ultimately lead to cellular toxicity. The present study utilized the Nicotiana benthamiana/p19 (N.b./p19) transient plant system to assess co-expression of two ER master regulators and 5 chaperones, crucial in the folding process, to enhance yields of three Env SOSIPs, single chain BG505 SOSIP.664 gp140, CH505TF.6R.SOSIP.664.v4.1 and CH848-10.17-DT9. Phenotypic changes in leaves induced by SOSIP expression were employed to rapidly identify chaperone-assisted improvement in health and expression. Up to 15-fold increases were obtained by co-infiltration of peptidylprolvl isomerase (PPI) and calreticulin (CRT) which were further enhanced by addition of the ER-retrieval KDEL tags to the SOSIP genes; levels depending on individual SOSIP type, day of harvest and chaperone gene dosage. Results are consistent with reducing SOSIP misfolding and cellular stress due to increased exposure to the plant host cell's calnexin/calreticulin network and accelerating the rate-limiting cis-trans isomerization of Xaa-Pro peptide bonds respectively. Plant transient co-expression facilitates rapid identification of host cell factors and will be translatable to other complex glycoproteins and mammalian expression systems.
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Opdensteinen P, Dietz SJ, Gengenbach BB, Buyel JF. Expression of Biofilm-Degrading Enzymes in Plants and Automated High-Throughput Activity Screening Using Experimental Bacillus subtilis Biofilms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:708150. [PMID: 34621728 PMCID: PMC8490750 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.708150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-forming bacteria are sources of infections because they are often resistant to antibiotics and chemical removal. Recombinant biofilm-degrading enzymes have the potential to remove biofilms gently, but they can be toxic toward microbial hosts and are therefore difficult to produce in bacteria. Here, we investigated Nicotiana species for the production of such enzymes using the dispersin B-like enzyme Lysobacter gummosus glyco 2 (Lg2) as a model. We first optimized transient Lg2 expression in plant cell packs using different subcellular targeting methods. We found that expression levels were transferable to differentiated plants, facilitating the scale-up of production. Our process yielded 20 mg kg−1 Lg2 in extracts but 0.3 mg kg−1 after purification, limited by losses during depth filtration. Next, we established an experimental biofilm assay to screen enzymes for degrading activity using different Bacillus subtilis strains. We then tested complex and chemically defined growth media for reproducible biofilm formation before converting the assay to an automated high-throughput screening format. Finally, we quantified the biofilm-degrading activity of Lg2 in comparison with commercial enzymes against our experimental biofilms, indicating that crude extracts can be screened directly. This ability will allow us to combine high-throughput expression in plant cell packs with automated activity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Opdensteinen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - S J Dietz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
| | - B B Gengenbach
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - J F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Cao J, Wang M, Yu H, She Y, Cao Z, Ye J, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Wang J, Lao S. An Overview on the Mechanisms and Applications of Enzyme Inhibition-Based Methods for Determination of Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7298-7315. [PMID: 32551623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c01962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase inactivating compounds, such as organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (CM) pesticides, are widely used in agriculture to ensure sustainable production of food and feed. As a consequence of their applications, they would result in neurotoxicity, even death. In this essence, the development of enzyme inhibition methods still shows great significance as rapid detection techniques for on-site large-scale screening of OPs and CMs. Initially, mechanisms and applications of various enzyme-inhibition-based methods and devices, including optical colorimetric assay, fluorometric assays, electrochemical biosensors, rapid test card, and microfluidic device, are highlighted in the present overview. Further, to enhance the enzyme sensitivity for detection; alternative enzyme sources or high yield enrichment methods (such as abzyme, artificial enzyme, and recombinant enzyme), as well as enzyme reactivation and identification, are also addressed in this comprehensive overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - He Yu
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Ye
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University, 314006, Jiaxing, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, College of Food Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Science, Jinan 250353, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100193, Beijing, China
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 53003, Nanning, China
| | - Shuibing Lao
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 53003, Nanning, China
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Tusé D, Nandi S, McDonald KA, Buyel JF. The Emergency Response Capacity of Plant-Based Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing-What It Is and What It Could Be. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:594019. [PMID: 33193552 PMCID: PMC7606873 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.594019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemic and pandemic diseases have emerged over the last 20 years with increasing reach and severity. The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected most of the world's population, causing millions of infections, hundreds of thousands of deaths, and economic disruption on a vast scale. The increasing number of casualties underlines an urgent need for the rapid delivery of therapeutics, prophylactics such as vaccines, and diagnostic reagents. Here, we review the potential of molecular farming in plants from a manufacturing perspective, focusing on the speed, capacity, safety, and potential costs of transient expression systems. We highlight current limitations in terms of the regulatory framework, as well as future opportunities to establish plant molecular farming as a global, de-centralized emergency response platform for the rapid production of biopharmaceuticals. The implications of public health emergencies on process design and costs, regulatory approval, and production speed and scale compared to conventional manufacturing platforms based on mammalian cell culture are discussed as a forward-looking strategy for future pandemic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tusé
- DT/Consulting Group and GROW Biomedicine, LLC, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen A. McDonald
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- Global HealthShare Initiative, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Johannes Felix Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johannes Felix Buyel, ; orcid.org/0000-0003-2361-143X
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Spiegel H, Boes A, Perales Morales C, Rademacher T, Buyel JF. Ready-to-Use Stocks of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Can Simplify Process Development for the Production of Recombinant Proteins by Transient Expression in Plants. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1900113. [PMID: 31218827 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale automated transient protein expression in plants requires the synchronization of cultivation and bacterial fermentation, especially if more than one bacterial strain. Therefore, a ready-to-use approach that decouples bacterial fermentation and infiltration is developed. It is found that bacterial cultures can easily be reconstituted in infiltration medium at a user-defined time, optical density, and quantity. This allows the process flow to be staggered, avoiding bottlenecks in process capacity and labor. Using the red fluorescent protein, DsRed, as a model product, the ready-to-use preparations achieved the same yields in infiltrated plant biomass as Agrobacterium tumefaciens derived from regular fermentations. It is possible to store the ready-to-use stocks at -20 °C and -80 °C for more than two months without loss of activity. Using a consolidated cost model for the current fermentation process, it is found that the ready-to-use strategy can reduce operational costs by 20-95% and investment costs by up to 75%, which would otherwise offset the economic advantages of plants over mammalian expression systems during upstream production. Furthermore, the staggered cultivation of plants and bacteria reduces the likelihood of batch failure and thus increases the robustness and flexibility of transient expression for the production of recombinant proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Boes
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Camil Perales Morales
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rademacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes F Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Forckenbeckstraße 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Buyel JF. Plant Molecular Farming - Integration and Exploitation of Side Streams to Achieve Sustainable Biomanufacturing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 9:1893. [PMID: 30713542 PMCID: PMC6345721 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants have unique advantages over other systems such as mammalian cells for the production of valuable small molecules and proteins. The benefits cited most often include safety due to the absence of replicating human pathogens, simplicity because sterility is not required during production, scalability due to the potential for open-field cultivation with transgenic plants, and the speed of transient expression potentially providing gram quantities of product in less than 4 weeks. Initially there were also significant drawbacks, such as the need to clarify feed streams with a high particle burden and the large quantities of host cell proteins, but efficient clarification is now readily achieved. Several additional advantages have also emerged reflecting the fact that plants are essentially biodegradable, single-use bioreactors. This article will focus on the exploitation of this concept for the production of biopharmaceutical proteins, thus improving overall process economics. Specifically, we will discuss the single-use properties of plants, the sustainability of the production platform, and the commercial potential of different biomass side streams. We find that incorporating these side streams through rational process integration has the potential to more than double the revenue that can currently be achieved using plant-based production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes F. Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Picard B, Chataigner I, Maddaluno J, Legros J. Introduction to chemical warfare agents, relevant simulants and modern neutralisation methods. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:6528-6537. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This short review presents the current main chemical warfare agents and their most relevant simulants, and the recent catalytic and selective methods for their soft neutralization, potentially usable in the future as an alternative to “heavy” methods for decontamination.
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Purification of recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase on Hupresin®. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:109-115. [PMID: 30384187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Affinity chromatography on procainamide-Sepharose has been an important step in the purification of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) since its introduction in 1978. The procainamide affinity gel has limitations. In the present report a new affinity gel called Hupresin® was evaluated for its ability to purify truncated, recombinant human butyrylcholinesterase (rHuBChE) expressed in a stably transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary cell line. We present a detailed example of the purification of rHuBChE secreted into 3940 mL of serum-free culture medium. The starting material contained 13,163 units of BChE activity (20.9 mg). rHuBChE was purified to homogeneity in a single step by passage over 82 mL of Hupresin® eluted with 0.1 M tetramethylammonium bromide in 20 mM TrisCl pH 7.5. The fraction with the highest specific activity of 630 units/mg contained 11 mg of BChE. Hupresin® is superior to procainamide-Sepharose for purification of BChE, but is not suitable for purifying native AChE because Hupresin® binds AChE so tightly that AChE is not released with buffers, but is desorbed with denaturing solvents such as 50% acetonitrile or 1% trifluoroacetic acid. Procainamide-Sepharose will continue to be useful for purification of AChE.
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Post-exposure treatment with the oxime RS194B rapidly reactivates and reverses advanced symptoms of lethal inhaled paraoxon in macaques. Toxicol Lett 2017; 293:229-234. [PMID: 29129799 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Fatalities from organophosphate (OP) insecticide result from both occupational and deliberate exposure; significantly impacting human health. Like nerve agents, insecticides are neurotoxins which target and inhibit acetylcholinesterases (AChE) in central and peripheral synapses in the cholinergic nervous system. Post-exposure therapeutic countermeasures generally include administration of atropine with a pyridinium aldoxime e.g. pralidoxime, to reactivate the OP-inhibited AChE. However, commonly used oximes inefficiently cross the bloodbrain barrier and are rapidly cleared and their benefit is debated. Recent findings have demonstrated the ability of a novel zwitterionic, centrally acting, brain penetrating oxime (RS194B) to reverse severe symptoms and rapidly reactivate sarin-inhibited AChE in macaques, but it has not been tested following OP pesticide poisoning. In the present study, the symptoms following a lethal dose of inhaled paraoxon (100ug/kg), were shown to mimic those in insecticide poisoned individuals and were also rapidly reversed in macaques by post-exposure IM administration of 80mg/kg of RS194B. This occurred with a concomitant reactivation of AChE to 40-100% in<1hr and BChE (40% in 8h). These findings will be used to develop a macaque model with RS194B as a post-exposure treatment for insecticide poisoning and generate efficacy data for approval under the FDA Animal rule.
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Poole JL, Donahue S, Wilson D, Li YM, Zhang Q, Gu Y, Ferebee R, Lu Z, Dorin RM, Hancock LF, Takiff L, Hakem IF, Bockstaller MR, Wiesner U, Walker J. Biocatalytic Stimuli‐Responsive Asymmetric Triblock Terpolymer Membranes for Localized Permeability Gating. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Scott Donahue
- FLIR Systems, Inc. 2240 William Pitt Way Pittsburgh PA 15238 USA
| | - David Wilson
- FLIR Systems, Inc. 2240 William Pitt Way Pittsburgh PA 15238 USA
| | - Yuk Mun Li
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Yibei Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Rachel Ferebee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Zhao Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Rachel Mika Dorin
- Terapore Technologies, Inc. 407 Cabot Rd. South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | | | - Larry Takiff
- Akita Innovations LLC 267 Boston Rd., Suite 11, Billerica MA 01862 USA
| | - Ilhem F. Hakem
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Michael R. Bockstaller
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Ave. Pittsburgh PA 15213 USA
| | - Ulrich Wiesner
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA
| | - Jeremy Walker
- FLIR Systems, Inc. 2240 William Pitt Way Pittsburgh PA 15238 USA
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Kwon OS, Park CS, Park SJ, Noh S, Kim S, Kong HJ, Bae J, Lee CS, Yoon H. Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Conducting-Polymer Nanotubes as Highly Sensitive Nerve-Agent Chemiresistors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33724. [PMID: 27650635 PMCID: PMC5030647 DOI: 10.1038/srep33724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates are powerful inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase, which is critical to nerve function. Despite continuous research for detecting the highly toxic organophosphates, a new and improved methodology is still needed. Herein we demonstrate simple-to-fabricate chemiresistive gas sensors using conducting-polymer polypyrrole (PPy) nanotube transducers, which are chemically specific and capable of recognizing sub-ppb concentrations (ca. 0.5 ppb) of dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a simulant of nerve agent sarin. Interestingly, the introduction of carboxylic groups on the surface of PPy nanotube transistors resulted in enhanced sensitivity to DMMP via intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, it was found that the sensitivity of the nanotube transducer depended on the degree of the carboxylic group introduced. Finally, a sensor array composed of 5 different transducers including the carboxylated nanotubes exhibited excellent selectivity to DMMP in 16 vapor species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Seok Kwon
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Chul Soon Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Seon Joo Park
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Center for Integrated Smart Sensors (CISS), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Seonmyeong Noh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Saerona Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Kong
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Joonwon Bae
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Dongduk Women’s University, Seoul 02748, South Korea
| | - Chang-Soo Lee
- Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
- Nanobiotechnology and Bioinformatics (Major), University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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13
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Zhuang Q, Young A, Callam CS, McElroy CA, Ekici ÖD, Yoder RJ, Hadad CM. Efforts toward treatments against aging of organophosphorus-inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1374:94-104. [PMID: 27327269 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a dealkylation reaction of organophosphorus (OP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Despite many studies to date, aged AChE cannot be reactivated directly by traditional pyridinium oximes. This review summarizes strategies that are potentially valuable in the treatment against aging in OP poisoning. Among them, retardation of aging seeks to lower the rate of aging through the use of AChE effectors. These drugs should be administered before AChE is completely aged. For postaging treatment, realkylation of aged AChE by appropriate alkylators may pave the way for oxime treatment by neutralizing the oxyanion at the active site of aged AChE. The other two strategies, upregulation of AChE expression and introduction of exogenous AChE, cannot resurrect aged AChE but may compensate for lowered active AChE levels by in situ production or external introduction of active AChE. Upregulation of AChE expression can be triggered by some peptides. Sources of exogenous AChE can be whole blood or purified AChE, either from human or nonhuman species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinggeng Zhuang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Amneh Young
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Christopher S Callam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Craig A McElroy
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Özlem Dogan Ekici
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University-Newark, Newark, Ohio
| | - Ryan J Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University-Marion, Marion, Ohio
| | - Christopher M Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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14
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García-Calvo J, Calvo-Gredilla P, Ibáñez-Llorente M, Rodríguez T, Torroba T. Detection of Contaminants of High Environmental Impact by Means of Fluorogenic Probes. CHEM REC 2016; 16:810-24. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José García-Calvo
- Department of Chemistry; University of Burgos, Faculty of Science; 09001 Burgos Spain
| | | | | | - Teresa Rodríguez
- Department of Chemistry; University of Burgos, Faculty of Science; 09001 Burgos Spain
| | - Tomás Torroba
- Department of Chemistry; University of Burgos, Faculty of Science; 09001 Burgos Spain
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15
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Spiegel H, Boes A, Voepel N, Beiss V, Edgue G, Rademacher T, Sack M, Schillberg S, Reimann A, Fischer R. Application of a Scalable Plant Transient Gene Expression Platform for Malaria Vaccine Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:1169. [PMID: 26779197 PMCID: PMC4688378 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of intensive research efforts there is currently no vaccine that provides sustained sterile immunity against malaria. In this context, a large number of targets from the different stages of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle have been evaluated as vaccine candidates. None of these candidates has fulfilled expectations, and as long as we lack a single target that induces strain-transcending protective immune responses, combining key antigens from different life cycle stages seems to be the most promising route toward the development of efficacious malaria vaccines. After the identification of potential targets using approaches such as omics-based technology and reverse immunology, the rapid expression, purification, and characterization of these proteins, as well as the generation and analysis of fusion constructs combining different promising antigens or antigen domains before committing to expensive and time consuming clinical development, represents one of the bottlenecks in the vaccine development pipeline. The production of recombinant proteins by transient gene expression in plants is a robust and versatile alternative to cell-based microbial and eukaryotic production platforms. The transfection of plant tissues and/or whole plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens offers a low technical entry barrier, low costs, and a high degree of flexibility embedded within a rapid and scalable workflow. Recombinant proteins can easily be targeted to different subcellular compartments according to their physicochemical requirements, including post-translational modifications, to ensure optimal yields of high quality product, and to support simple and economical downstream processing. Here, we demonstrate the use of a plant transient expression platform based on transfection with A. tumefaciens as essential component of a malaria vaccine development workflow involving screens for expression, solubility, and stability using fluorescent fusion proteins. Our results have been implemented for the evidence-based iterative design and expression of vaccine candidates combining suitable P. falciparum antigen domains. The antigens were also produced, purified, and characterized in further studies by taking advantage of the scalability of this platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Spiegel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Alexander Boes
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Alexander Boes
| | - Nadja Voepel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Gueven Edgue
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Rademacher
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Markus Sack
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Reimann
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
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