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Yan J, He L, Huang Z, Wang H, Yu L, Zhu W. Investigating the Impact of Origins on the Quality Characteristics of Celery Seeds Based on Metabolite Analysis through HS-GC-IMS, HS-SPME-GC-MS and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Foods 2024; 13:1428. [PMID: 38790728 PMCID: PMC11119798 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Celery seeds contain various bioactive compounds and are commonly used as a spice and nutritional supplement in people's daily lives. The quality of celery seeds sold on the market varies, and their regions of production are unclear. This study evaluated the metabolites of Chinese celery seeds from three production regions using HS-SPME-GC-MS, HS-GC-IMS, and UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The results indicate that GC-IMS analysis obtained a metabolic profile different from that detected using GC-MS. Terpenoids, polyphenols, coumarins, and phthalides are the main bioactive compounds in celery seeds. The production region significantly affects the metabolic characteristics of celery seeds. Based on GC-MS data, GC-IMS data, and LC-MS data, the variation analysis screened 6, 12, and 8 metabolites as potential characteristic metabolites in celery seeds related to the production region, respectively. According to the aromatic characteristics of the characteristic metabolites, seeds from the HCQ region and HZC region have a strong herbal, woody, celery, and turpentine aroma. The concentration of secondary metabolites was highest in the seeds from the HCQ region followed by the HZC region, and it was the lowest in the JJC region. Altogether, this study investigates how geographical origins influence the metabolomic profile of celery seeds. The results can be used to guide the planting and harvesting of celery seeds in suitable regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weimin Zhu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai 201403, China; (J.Y.); (L.Y.)
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Pirvu LC, Pintilie L, Albulescu A, Stefaniu A, Neagu G. Anti-Proliferative Potential of Cynaroside and Orientin-In Silico (DYRK2) and In Vitro (U87 and Caco-2) Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16555. [PMID: 38068880 PMCID: PMC10705913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Luteolin derivates are plant compounds with multiple benefits for human health. Stability to heat and acid hydrolysis and high resistance to (auto)oxidation are other arguments for the laden interest in luteolin derivates today. The present study was designed to compare the in silico and in vitro anti-proliferative potential of two luteolin derivates, luteolin-7-O-glucoside/cynaroside (7-Lut) and luteolin-8-C-glucoside/orientin (8-Lut). In silico investigations were carried out on the molecular target, namely, the human dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) in association with its natural ligand, curcumin (PDB ID: 5ZTN), by CLC Drug Discovery Workbench v. 1.5.1. software and Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) v. MVD 2019.7.0. software. In vitro studies were performed on two human tumor cell lines, glioblastoma (U87) and colon carcinoma (Caco-2), respectively. Altogether, docking studies have revealed 7-Lut and 8-Lut as effective inhibitors of DYRK2, even stronger than the native ligand curcumin; in vitro studies indicated the ability of both luteolin glucosides to inhibit the viability of both human tumor cell lines, up to 85% at 50 and 100 µg/mL, respectively; the most augmented cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects were obtained for U87 exposed to 7-Lut (IC50 = 26.34 µg/mL). The results support further studies on cynaroside and orientin to create drug formulas targeting glioblastoma and colon carcinoma in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Camelia Pirvu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D—ICCF Bucharest, 112 Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Lucia Pintilie
- Department of Synthesis of Bioactive Substances and Pharmaceutical Technologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D—ICCF Bucharest, 112 Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adrian Albulescu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D—ICCF Bucharest, 112 Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
- Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Molecular Virology Department, 285 Mihai Bravu, 030304 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Amalia Stefaniu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D—ICCF Bucharest, 112 Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Georgeta Neagu
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Chemical Pharmaceutical R&D—ICCF Bucharest, 112 Vitan, 031299 Bucharest, Romania;
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Rahim MS, Sharma V, Pragati Yadav, Parveen A, Kumar A, Roy J, Kumar V. Rethinking underutilized cereal crops: pan-omics integration and green system biology. PLANTA 2023; 258:91. [PMID: 37777666 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04242-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Due to harsh lifestyle changes, in the present era, nutritional security is needed along with food security so it is necessary to include underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) in our daily diet to counteract the rising danger of human metabolic illness. We can attain both the goal of zero hunger and nutritional security by developing improved UCCs using advanced pan-omics (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, nutrigenomics, phenomics and ionomics) practices. Plant sciences research progressed profoundly since the last few decades with the introduction of advanced technologies and approaches, addressing issues of food demand of the growing population, nutritional security challenges and climate change. However, throughout the expansion and popularization of commonly consumed major cereal crops such as wheat and rice, other cereal crops such as millet, rye, sorghum, and others were impeded, despite their potential medicinal and nutraceutical qualities. Undoubtedly neglected underutilized cereal crops (UCCs) also have the capability to withstand diverse climate change. To relieve the burden of major crops, it is necessary to introduce the new crops in our diet in the way of UCCs. Introgression of agronomically and nutritionally important traits by pan-omics approaches in UCCs could be a defining moment for the population's well-being on the globe. This review discusses the importance of underutilized cereal crops, as well as the application of contemporary omics techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools that could open up new avenues for future study and be valuable assets in the development and usage of UCCs in the perspective of green system biology. The increased and improved use of UCCs is dependent on number of factors that necessitate a concerted research effort in agricultural sciences. The emergence of functional genomics with molecular genetics might gear toward the reawakening of interest in underutilized cereals crops. The need of this era is to focus on potential UCCs in advanced agriculture and breeding programmes. Hence, targeting the UCCs, might provide a bright future for better health and scientific rationale for its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Saba Rahim
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, 151401, India
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Vinita Sharma
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Pragati Yadav
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Afsana Parveen
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India
| | - Adarsh Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Joy Roy
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Sector-81, SAS Nagar, Mohali, Punjab, 140 306, India.
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Botany, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Lee S, Choi YM, Shin MJ, Yoon H, Wang X, Lee Y, Yi J, Jeon YA, Desta KT. Exploring the potentials of sorghum genotypes: a comprehensive study on nutritional qualities, functional metabolites, and antioxidant capacities. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1238729. [PMID: 37637957 PMCID: PMC10450220 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1238729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sorghum, long regarded as one of the most underutilized crops, has received attention in recent years. As a result, conducting multidisciplinary studies on the potential and health benefits of sorghum resources is vital if they are to be fully exploited. In this study, the nutritional contents, functional metabolites, and antioxidant capacities of 23 sorghum breeding lines and three popular cultivars were assessed. Materials and method All of the sorghum genotypes were grown under the same conditions, and mature seeds were hand-harvested. The metabolite contents and antioxidant capacities of sorghum seeds were assessed using standard protocols. Fatty acids were quantified using a gas chromatography-flame ionization detector, whereas flavonoids and 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were analyzed using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. The data were analyzed using both univariate and multivariate statistical approaches. Results and discussion Total protein (9.05-14.61%), total fat (2.99-6.91%), crude fiber (0.71-2.62%), dietary fiber (6.72-16.27%), total phenolic (0.92-10.38 mg GAE/g), and total tannin (0.68-434.22 mg CE/g) contents varied significantly across the sorghum genotypes (p < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity, measured using three assays, also differed significantly. Five fatty acids, including palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids, were found in all the sorghum genotypes with statistically different contents (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the majority of the sorghum genotypes contained four 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, including luteolinidin, apigeninidin, 5-methoxyluteolinidin, and 7-methoxyapigeninidin, as well as two dominant flavonoids, luteolin and apigenin. Compared to the cultivars, some breeding lines had significantly high levels of metabolites and antioxidant activities. On the other hand, statistical analysis showed that total tannin, total phenolic, and antioxidant capacities varied significantly across white, yellow, and orange genotypes. Principal component analysis was used to differentiate the sorghum genotypes based on seed color and antioxidant index levels. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed strong links between biosynthetically related metabolites and those with synergistic antioxidant properties. Conclusion This research demonstrated the diversity of the sorghum resources investigated. Those genotypes with high levels of nutritional components, functional metabolites, and antioxidant activities could be used for consumption and breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukyeung Lee
- International Technology Cooperation Center, Technology Cooperation Bureau, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Choi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Jae Shin
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemyeong Yoon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Lee
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungyoon Yi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-ah Jeon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kebede Taye Desta
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Abdul Latif FA, Wan Ghazali WS, Mohamad SM, Lee LK. High fiber multigrain supplementation improved disease activity score, circulating inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients: A randomized human clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Večeřová K, Oravec M, Puranik S, Findurová H, Veselá B, Opoku E, Ofori-Amanfo KK, Klem K, Urban O, Sahu PP. Single and interactive effects of variables associated with climate change on wheat metabolome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1002561. [PMID: 36299781 PMCID: PMC9589161 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1002561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the key challenges linked with future food and nutritional security is to evaluate the interactive effect of climate variables on plants' growth, fitness, and yield parameters. These interactions may lead to unique shifts in the morphological, physiological, gene expression, or metabolite accumulation patterns, leading to an adaptation response that is specific to future climate scenarios. To understand such changes, we exposed spring wheat to 7 regimes (3 single and 4 combined climate treatments) composed of elevated temperature, the enhanced concentration of CO2, and progressive drought stress corresponding to the predicted climate of the year 2100. The physiological and metabolic responses were then compared with the current climate represented by the year 2020. We found that the elevated CO2 (eC) mitigated some of the effects of elevated temperature (eT) on physiological performance and metabolism. The metabolite profiling of leaves revealed 44 key metabolites, including saccharides, amino acids, and phenolics, accumulating contrastingly under individual regimes. These metabolites belong to the central metabolic pathways that are essential for cellular energy, production of biosynthetic pathways precursors, and oxidative balance. The interaction of eC alleviated the negative effect of eT possibly by maintaining the rate of carbon fixation and accumulation of key metabolites and intermediates linked with the Krebs cycle and synthesis of phenolics. Our study for the first time revealed the influence of a specific climate factor on the accumulation of metabolic compounds in wheat. The current work could assist in the understanding and development of climate resilient wheat by utilizing the identified metabolites as breeding targets for food and nutritional security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristýna Večeřová
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Michal Oravec
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Swati Puranik
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hana Findurová
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Barbora Veselá
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Emmanuel Opoku
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Kojo Kwakye Ofori-Amanfo
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Karel Klem
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Otmar Urban
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Pranav Pankaj Sahu
- Laboratory of Ecological Plant Physiology, Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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Copolovici L, Copolovici DM, Moisa C, Lupitu A. Antagonist Temperature Variation Affects the Photosynthetic Parameters and Secondary Metabolites of Ocimum basilicum L. and Salvia officinalis L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11141806. [PMID: 35890439 PMCID: PMC9322130 DOI: 10.3390/plants11141806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the main challenges for actual and future generations. Global warming affects plants and animals and is responsible for considerable crop loss. This study studied the influence of antagonist successive stresses, cold-heat and heat-cold, on two medicinal plants Ocimum basilicum L. and Salvia officinalis L. The photosynthetic parameters decreased for plants under the variation of subsequent stress. Net assimilation rates and stomatal conductance to water vapor are more affected in the case of plants under cold-heat consecutive stress than heat-cold successive stress. Emissions of volatile organic compounds have been enhanced for plants under successive stress when compared with control plants. Chlorophyll concentrations for plants under successive stress decreased for basil and sage plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were not affected by the successive stresses when compared with the plants under only one type of treatment.
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Pontieri P, Troisi J, Calcagnile M, Bean SR, Tilley M, Aramouni F, Boffa A, Pepe G, Campiglia P, Del Giudice F, Chessa AL, Smolensky D, Aletta M, Alifano P, Del Giudice L. Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid and Mineral Content of Food-Grade White, Red and Black Sorghum Varieties Grown in the Mediterranean Environment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030436. [PMID: 35159586 PMCID: PMC8833964 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a gluten-free cereal grown around the world and is a food staple in semi-arid and subtropical regions. Sorghum is a diverse crop with a range of pericarp colour including white, various shades of red, and black, all of which show health-promoting properties as they are rich sources of antioxidants such as polyphenols, carotenoids, as well as micro- and macro-nutrients. This work examined the grain composition of three sorghum varieties possessing a range of pericarp colours (white, red, and black) grown in the Mediterranean region. To determine the nutritional quality independent of the contributions of phenolics, mineral and fatty acid content and composition were measured. Minor differences in both protein and carbohydrate were observed among varieties, and a higher fibre content was found in both the red and black varieties. A higher amount of total saturated fats was found in the white variety, while the black variety had a lower amount of total unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats than either the white or red varieties. Oleic, linoleic, and palmitic were the primary fatty acids in all three analysed sorghum varieties. Significant differences in mineral content were found among the samples with a greater amount of Mg, K, Al, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb and U in both red and black than the white sorghum variety. The results show that sorghum whole grain flour made from grain with varying pericarp colours contains unique nutritional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Pontieri
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (L.D.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacopo Troisi
- Theoreosrl, Spin Off of the University of Salerno, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Degli Ulivi, 3, Montecorvino Pugliano, 84090 Salerno, Italy;
| | - Matteo Calcagnile
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Scott R. Bean
- USDA-ARS, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.T.); (F.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Michael Tilley
- USDA-ARS, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.T.); (F.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Fadi Aramouni
- USDA-ARS, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.T.); (F.A.); (D.S.)
| | - Antonio Boffa
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (L.D.G.)
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (P.C.)
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (G.P.); (P.C.)
| | | | | | - Dmitriy Smolensky
- USDA-ARS, CGAHR, Manhattan, KS 66502, USA; (S.R.B.); (M.T.); (F.A.); (D.S.)
| | | | - Pietro Alifano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche e Ambientali, Università del Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (M.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Luigi Del Giudice
- Istituto di Bioscienze e BioRisorse-UOS Napoli-CNR c/o Dipartimento di Biologia, Sezione di Igiene, 80134 Napoli, Italy; (A.B.); (L.D.G.)
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Punia H, Tokas J, Malik A, Bajguz A, El-Sheikh MA, Ahmad P. Ascorbate-Glutathione Oxidant Scavengers, Metabolome Analysis and Adaptation Mechanisms of Ion Exclusion in Sorghum under Salt Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13249. [PMID: 34948045 PMCID: PMC8704531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the major significant restrictions that hamper plant development and agriculture ecosystems worldwide. Novel climate-adapted cultivars and stress tolerance-enhancing molecules are increasingly appreciated to mitigate the detrimental impacts of adverse stressful conditions. Sorghum is a valuable source of food and a potential model for exploring and understanding salt stress dynamics in cereals and for gaining a better understanding of their physiological pathways. Herein, we evaluate the antioxidant scavengers, photosynthetic regulation, and molecular mechanism of ion exclusion transporters in sorghum genotypes under saline conditions. A pot experiment was conducted in two sorghum genotypes viz. SSG 59-3 and PC-5 in a climate-controlled greenhouse under different salt concentrations (60, 80, 100, and 120 mM NaCl). Salinity drastically affected the photosynthetic machinery by reducing the accumulation of chlorophyll pigments and carotenoids. SSG 59-3 alleviated the adverse effects of salinity by suppressing oxidative stress (H2O2) and stimulating enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, APX, CAT, POD, GR, GST, DHAR, MDHAR, GSH, ASC, proline, GB), as well as protecting cell membrane integrity (MDA, electrolyte leakage). Salinity also influenced Na+ ion efflux and maintained a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio via the concomitant upregulation of SbSOS1, SbSOS2, and SbNHX-2 and SbV-Ppase-II ion transporter genes in sorghum genotypes. Overall, these results suggest that Na+ ions were retained and detoxified, and less stress impact was observed in mature and younger leaves. Based on the above, we deciphered that SSG 59-3 performed better by retaining higher plant water status, photosynthetic assimilates and antioxidant potential, and the upregulation of ion transporter genes and may be utilized in the development of resistant sorghum lines in saline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Punia
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;
| | - Jayanti Tokas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India;
| | - Anurag Malik
- Department of Seed Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Andrzej Bajguz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1J, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mohamed A. El-Sheikh
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.-S.); (P.A.)
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.E.-S.); (P.A.)
- Department of Botany, Goverment Degree College, Pulwama 192301, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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10
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Mansour MMF, Emam MM, Salama KHA, Morsy AA. Sorghum under saline conditions: responses, tolerance mechanisms, and management strategies. PLANTA 2021; 254:24. [PMID: 34224010 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03671-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An overview is presented of recent advances in our knowledge of responses and mechanisms rendering adaptation to saline conditions in sorghum. Different strategies deployed to enhance salinity stress tolerance in sorghum are also pointed out. Salinity stress is a growing problem worldwide. Sorghum is the fifth key crop among cereals. Understanding responses and tolerance strategies in sorghum would be therefore helpful effort for providing biomarkers for designing greatest salinity-tolerant sorghum genotypes. When sorghum exposed to salinity, salinity-tolerant genotypes most probably reprogram their gene expression to activate adaptive biochemical and physiological responses for survival. The review thus discusses the possible physiological and biochemical responses that confer salinity tolerance to sorghum under saline conditions. Although it is not characterized in sorghum, salinity perceiving and transmitting signals to downstream responses via signaling transduction pathways most likely are essential strategy for sorghum adaptation to salinity stress. Sorghum has also shown to withstand moderate saline environments and retain the germination, growth, and photosynthetic activities. Salinity-tolerant sorghum genotypes show the ability to exclude excessive Na+ from reaching shoots and induce ion homeostasis. Osmotic homeostasis and ROS detoxification are also evident as salinity tolerance strategies in sorghum. These above mechanisms lead to re-establishment of cellular ionic, osmotic, and redox homeostasis as well as photosynthesis efficiency. It is noteworthy that these mechanisms act individually or co-operatively to minimize the salinity hazards and enhance acclimation in sorghum. We conclude, however, that although these responses contribute to sorghum tolerance to salinity stress, they seem to be not adequate at higher concentrations of salinity, which agrees with sorghum ranking as moderately salinity-tolerant crop. Also, some of these tolerance strategies reported in other crops are not well studied and documented in sorghum, but most probably have roles in sorghum. Further improvement in sorghum salinity tolerance using different approaches is definitely necessary to meet the requirements of its harsh production environments, and therefore, these approaches are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manal Mohamed Emam
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Matvieieva NA, Ratushnyak YI, Duplij VP, Shakhovsky AM, Kuchuk MV. Effect of Temperature Stress on the Althaea officinalis’s “Hairy” Roots Carrying the Human Interferon α2b Gene. CYTOL GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452721030051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Exploring anthocyanins, antioxidant capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition in bran and flour extracts of selected sorghum genotypes. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.100979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Martínez-Subirà M, Moralejo M, Puig E, Romero MP, Savin R, Romagosa I. Impact of Rising Temperature in the Deposition Patterns of Bioactive Compounds in Field Grown Food Barley Grains. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:598. [PMID: 33810185 PMCID: PMC8004944 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High temperatures at the end of the season are frequent under Mediterranean conditions, affecting final grain quality. This study determined the deposition patterns throughout grain filling of dry matter, dietary fiber, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity for four barley genotypes under two contrasting temperatures. Deposition pattern for dietary fiber followed that of grain weight. Genotypic differences for duration were more significant than for rate. Anthocyanins followed a second-degree polynomial pattern, reaching a maximum before grain maturation. Free and bound phenols decreased as grain developed, suggesting that they are synthesized in early stages. Rate of bound phenols deposition was more sensitive to genotypic changes. Overall, antioxidant capacity decreased over time; the decay being less steep under stress for all genotypes. Heat stress negatively affected grain weight. It did not alter the profile of β-glucans and arabinoxylans deposition but positively changed the accumulation of some phenolic compounds, increasing the antioxidant capacity differentially across genotypes. These results support the growing of food barley in high-temperature stress-prone areas, as some bioactive compound and antioxidant capacity will increase, regardless of the smaller grain size. Moreover, if a market develops for food-barley ingredients, early harvesting of non-mature grain to maximize antioxidant capacity should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Romagosa
- AGROTECNIO-CERCA Center, University of Lleida, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (M.M.-S.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (M.-P.R.); (R.S.)
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14
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Relative Abundance of Alpha-Amylase/Trypsin Inhibitors in Selected Sorghum Cultivars. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245982. [PMID: 33348658 PMCID: PMC7774315 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is of growing interest and considered as a safe food for wheat related disorders. Besides the gluten, α-amylase/trypsin-inhibitors (ATIs) have been identified as probable candidates for these disorders. Several studies focused on wheat-ATIs although there is still a lack of data referring to the relative abundance of sorghum-ATIs. The objective of this work was therefore to contribute to the characterization of sorghum ATI profiles by targeted proteomics tools. Fifteen sorghum cultivars from different regions were investigated with raw proteins ranging from 7.9 to 17.0 g/100 g. Ammonium bicarbonate buffer in combination with urea was applied for protein extraction, with concentration from 0.588 ± 0.047 to 4.140 ± 0.066 mg/mL. Corresponding electrophoresis data showed different protein profiles. UniProtKB data base research reveals two sorghum ATIs, P81367 and P81368; both reviewed and a targeted LC–MS/MS method was developed to analyze these. Quantifier peptides ELAAVPSR (P81367) and TYMVR (P81368) were identified and retained as biomarkers for relative quantification. Different reducing and alkylating agents were assessed and combination of tris (2 carboxyethyl) phosphine/iodoacetamide gave the best response. Linearity was demonstrated for the quantifier peptides with standard recovery between 92.2 and 107.6%. Nine sorghum cultivars presented up to 60 times lower ATI contents as compared to wheat samples. This data suggests that sorghum can effectively be considered as a good alternative to wheat.
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15
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Xiong Y, Zhang P, Warner RD, Shen S, Johnson S, Fang Z. HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS qualitative analysis data and HPLC-DAD quantification data of phenolic compounds of grains from five Australian sorghum genotypes. Data Brief 2020; 33:106584. [PMID: 33318974 PMCID: PMC7724171 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.106584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) grain is a rich source of bioactive phenolic compounds and understanding the phenolic profile of different sorghum genotypes is an important step towards the selection of the most appropriate genotype for industrial applications. The free and bound phenolic compounds of sorghum bran and kernel fractions from five Australian-grown sorghum genotypes (1 white, 2 red, 1 brown and 1 black coloured grain) were identified/tentatively identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and quantified/semi-quantified by HPLC-DAD. Firstly, MS chromatograms of sorghum samples and standards and the MS/MS spectra of individual detected compounds and standards are presented. Then quantification data of these compounds is provided. This dataset is supplementary to the research paper "Comprehensive profiling of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS to reveal their location and form of presence in different sorghum grain genotypes" [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn Dorothy Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shuibao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi Province, China
- Taiyuan Brand Will Firm Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Stuart Johnson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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16
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Anthocyanins in Whole Grain Cereals and Their Potential Effect on Health. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102922. [PMID: 32987758 PMCID: PMC7598678 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coloured (black, purple, blue, red, etc.) cereal grains, rich in anthocyanins, have recently gained a lot of attention in the food industry. Anthocyanins are water-soluble flavonoids, and are responsible for red, violet, and blue colours in fruits, vegetables, and grains. Anthocyanins have demonstrated antioxidant potential in both in vitro and in vivo studies, and the consumption of foods high in anthocyanins has been linked to lower risks of chronic diseases. As such, whole grain functional foods made with coloured grains are promising new products. This paper will review the characteristics of cereal anthocyanins, and assess their prevalence in various commercially relevant crops including wheat, barley, maize, and rice. A brief overview of the antioxidant potential, and current research on the health effects of cereal-based anthocyanins will be provided. Finally, processing of coloured cereals in whole grain products will be briefly discussed. A full understanding of the fate of anthocyanins in whole grain products, and more research targeted towards health outcomes of anthocyanin supplementation to/inclusion in cereal food products are the next logical steps in this research field.
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17
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Comprehensive profiling of phenolic compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS to reveal their location and form of presence in different sorghum grain genotypes. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109671. [PMID: 33233248 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, comprehensive profiling of the phenolic compounds in sorghum grain was achieved by analysing the free and bound extracts of sorghum bran and kernel fractions from five Australian sorghum genotypes (1 white, 2 red, 1 brown and 1 black coloured), using HPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. A total of 110 phenolic compounds were annotated, out of which 56 were reported for the first time in sorghum grain. Compounds with matched authentic standards were quantified/semi-quantified. Multiple factor analysis (MFA) was performed and heatmaps generated, which provided direct visualisation of the distribution of individual phenolic compounds/subclasses between the sorghum samples. The results indicated that phenolic compounds were concentrated on the bran, and free and bound extracts had different phenolic composition. The phenolic compound/subclass profile varied greatly among sorghum genotypes. Brown sorghum genotype (IS131C) had the highest concentration of total phenolic contents, and the bran fraction of brown sorghum had the most abundant and diverse phenolic composition among all tested samples. This study provides the most comprehensive phenolic profile of Australian representative sorghum grains up to date.
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18
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Xiong Y, Ng K, Zhang P, Warner RD, Shen S, Tang HY, Liang Z, Fang Z. In Vitro α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Inhibitory Activities of Free and Bound Phenolic Extracts from the Bran and Kernel Fractions of Five Sorghum Grain Genotypes. Foods 2020; 9:E1301. [PMID: 32942661 PMCID: PMC7556046 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a global health challenge. Currently, an effective treatment for diabetes is to reduce the postprandial hyperglycaemia by inhibiting the carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes in the digestive system. In this study, we investigated the in vitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory effects of free and bound phenolic extracts, from the bran and kernel fractions of five sorghum grain genotypes. The results showed that the inhibitory effect of sorghum phenolic extracts depended on the phenolic concentration and composition. Sorghum with higher phenolic contents generally had higher inhibitory activity. Among the tested extracts, the brown sorghum (IS131C)-bran-free extract (BR-bran-free, half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 18 ± 11 mg sorghum/mL) showed the strongest inhibition against α-glucosidase which was comparable to that of acarbose (IC50 = 1.39 ± 0.23 mg acarbose/mL). The red sorghum (Mr-Buster)-kernel-bound extract (RM-kernel-bound, IC50 = 160 ± 12 mg sorghum/mL) was the most potent in inhibiting α-amylase but was much weaker compared to acarbose (IC50 = 0.50 ± 0.03 mg acarbose/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.X.); (K.N.); (P.Z.); (R.D.W.); (H.-Y.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ken Ng
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.X.); (K.N.); (P.Z.); (R.D.W.); (H.-Y.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.X.); (K.N.); (P.Z.); (R.D.W.); (H.-Y.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Robyn Dorothy Warner
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.X.); (K.N.); (P.Z.); (R.D.W.); (H.-Y.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shuibao Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Taiyuan Brand Will Firm Biotechnology Development Co. Ltd., Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Hsi-Yang Tang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.X.); (K.N.); (P.Z.); (R.D.W.); (H.-Y.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zijian Liang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.X.); (K.N.); (P.Z.); (R.D.W.); (H.-Y.T.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia; (Y.X.); (K.N.); (P.Z.); (R.D.W.); (H.-Y.T.); (Z.L.)
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19
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Ofosu FK, Elahi F, Daliri EBM, Yeon SJ, Ham HJ, Kim JH, Han SI, Oh DH. Flavonoids in Decorticated Sorghum Grains Exert Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Antiobesity Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:E2854. [PMID: 32575757 PMCID: PMC7355972 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight new genotypes of brown sorghum grain were decorticated and assessed for their antioxidant, antidiabetic and antiobesity activities in vitro. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays of the soluble fractions were evaluated, followed by digestive enzymes and advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) formation inhibition assays. DSOR 33 and DSOR 11 exhibited the highest DPPH (IC50 = 236.0 ± 1.98 µg/mL and 292.05 ± 2.19 µg/mL, respectively) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 302.50 ± 1.84 µg/mL and 317.05 ± 1.06 µg/mL, respectively). DSOR 17, DSOR 11 and DSOR 33 showed significantly higher inhibitory activity of both α-glucosidase and α-amylase (IC50 = 31.86, 35.10 and 49.40 µg/mL; and 15.87, 22.79 and 37.66 µg/mL, respectively) compared to acarbose (IC50 = 59.34 and 27.73 µg/mL, respectively). Similarly, DSOR 33, DSOR 11 and DSOR 17 showed potent inhibition of both AGEs and lipase with IC50 values of 18.25, 19.03 and 38.70 µg/mL; and 5.01, 5.09 and 4.94 µg/mL, respectively, compared to aminoguanidine (52.30 µg/mL) and orlistat (5.82 µg/mL). Flavonoids were the predominant compounds identified, with flavones being the major subclass in these three extracts. Our findings suggest that decorticated sorghum grains contain substantial amounts of flavonoids and could be promising candidates for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fred Kwame Ofosu
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (F.K.O.); (F.E.); (E.B.-M.D.)
| | - Fazle Elahi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (F.K.O.); (F.E.); (E.B.-M.D.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (F.K.O.); (F.E.); (E.B.-M.D.)
| | - Su-Jung Yeon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology, Kangwon National University; Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea;
| | - Hun Ju Ham
- Department of Biological Environment, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea;
| | - Joong-Hark Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea;
| | - Sang-Ik Han
- Department of Southern Area Crop Science, NICS Upland Crop Breeding Res. Div., 181, Hyeoksin-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-Gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 24341, Korea; (F.K.O.); (F.E.); (E.B.-M.D.)
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20
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Pigmented sorghum polyphenols as potential inhibitors of starch digestibility: An in vitro study combining starch digestion and untargeted metabolomics. Food Chem 2020; 312:126077. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.126077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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21
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Han HJ, Park SK, Kang JY, Kim JM, Yoo SK, Heo HJ. Anti-Melanogenic Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Sorghum bicolor on IBMX-Induced Melanogenesis in B16/F10 Melanoma Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030832. [PMID: 32245029 PMCID: PMC7146600 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate possibility as a skin whitening agent of Sorghum bicolor (S. bicolor), its antioxidant activity and anti-melanogenic effect on 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX)-induced melanogenesis in B16/F10 melanoma cells were investigated. The result of total phenolic contents (TPC) indicated that 60% ethanol extract of S. bicolor (ESB) has the highest contents than other ethanol extracts. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)/1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) inhibitory effect. These results showed ESB has significant antioxidant activities. Inhibitory effect against tyrosinase was also assessed using L-tyrosine (IC50 value = 89.25 μg/mL) and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) as substrates. In addition, ESB treatment effectively inhibited melanin production in IBMX-induced B16/F10 melanoma cells. To confirm the mechanism on anti-melanogenic effect of ESB, we examined melanogenesis-related proteins. ESB downregulated melanogenesis by decreasing expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1. Finally, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE), 1,3-O-dicaffeoylglycerol and tricin as the main compounds of ESB were analyzed using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ion mobility separation-quadrupole time of flight/tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS-QTOF/MS2). These findings suggest that ESB may have physiological potential to be used skin whitening material.
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22
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Yan J, He L, Xu S, Wan Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Yu L, Zhu W. Expression Analysis, Functional Marker Development and Verification of AgFNSI in Celery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:531. [PMID: 31953487 PMCID: PMC6969063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Apigenin is one of the primary flavonoids in celery, which has a high medicinal value. Flavone synthase I (FNSI) is the last step enzyme in apigenin biosynthesis. In this study, the 1492 bp promoter sequence before AgFNSI initiation codon (ATG) of celery was obtained, which included methyl jasmonate (MeJA) responsive elements, light responsive elements, anaerobic induction elements and five MYB binding sites. AgFNSI was sensitive to temperature, UV-B, water deficit and MeJA. Comparative analysis of AgFNSI genome and promoter sequences among celery accessions with different apigenin content showed that there were four allelic variations in AgFNSI, and four accessions with high apigenin content belonged to AgFNSIa, and five accessions with low apigenin content belonged to AgFNSIc. Three pairs of dominant complementary markers were designed based on the single-nucleotile polymorphisms (SNPs) of the AgFNSIa and AgFNSIc genomes and promoter sequences. Three pairs of functional markers were validated by 112 celery accessions. The results showed that AFPA1/AFPB1 detected significant differences in apigenin content between different genotypes. Therefore, marker AFPA1/AFPB1 is associated with apigenin content in celery and could be used for the genetic improvement of apigenin content in celery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Lizhong He
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Shuang Xu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Yanhui Wan
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Li Yu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Weimin Zhu
- Horticulture Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture Technology, Shanghai, 201403, China.
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23
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Adaptations in Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch. and Cenchrus ciliaris L. for altitude tolerance. Biologia (Bratisl) 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-019-00380-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Faustino MV, Faustino MAF, Silva H, Cunha Â, Silva AMS, Pinto DCGA. Puccinellia maritima, Spartina maritime, and Spartina patens Halophytic Grasses: Characterization of Polyphenolic and Chlorophyll Profiles and Evaluation of Their Biological Activities. Molecules 2019; 24:E3796. [PMID: 31652513 PMCID: PMC6832526 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophytic grasses have been recently targeted as possible sources of nutraceutical and medicinal compounds. Nonetheless, few studies have been conducted on the phytochemistry and biological activities of metabolites produced by these plants. Among these, Spartina maritima (Curtis) Fernald, Spartina patens (Aiton.) Muhl., and Puccinellia maritima (Hudson) Parl. are three halophytic grasses whose chemical composition and bioactivities are unknown. The present work broadens the knowledge on the polyphenolic and chlorophyll composition of these species identifying for the first time hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives, flavones, flavonols, lignans, as well as chlorophylls and xantophylls. The extracts were particularly rich in caffeic and ferulic acids as well as in trihydroxymethoxyflavone, apigenin and tricin derivatives. Interestingly, several of the identified compounds are relevant from a medicinal and nutraceutical point of view putting in evidence the potential of these species. Thus, the antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, antibacterial, and antifungal activities of the polyphenolic extracts were assessed as well as the photophysical properties of the chlorophyll-rich extracts. The results, herein presented for the first time, reinforce the nutritional and the medicinal potential of these halophytic grasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Maria A F Faustino
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Helena Silva
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ângela Cunha
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Diana C G A Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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25
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Xiong Y, Zhang P, Warner RD, Fang Z. Sorghum Grain: From Genotype, Nutrition, and Phenolic Profile to Its Health Benefits and Food Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:2025-2046. [PMID: 33336966 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Globally, sorghum is one of the most important but least utilized staple crops. Sorghum grain is a rich source of nutrients and health-beneficial phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of sorghum is exceptionally unique and more abundant and diverse than other common cereal grains. The phenolic compounds in sorghum are mainly composed of phenolic acids, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, and condensed tannins. Studies have shown that sorghum phenolic compounds have potent antioxidant activity in vitro, and consumption of sorghum whole grain may improve gut health and reduce the risks of chronic diseases. Recently, sorghum grain has been used to develop functional foods and beverages, and as an ingredient incorporated into other foods. Moreover, the phenolic compounds, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, and condensed tannins can be isolated and used as promising natural multifunctional additives in broad food applications. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of nutrition and phenolic compounds derived from sorghum and their related health effects, and demonstrate the potential for incorporation of sorghum in food systems as a functional component and food additive to improve food quality, safety, and health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn Dorothy Warner
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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26
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Sliwinski A, Hopfer H, Ziegler GR. Elucidating differences in phenolic profile between tef (
Eragrostis tef
) varieties using multivariate analyses. Cereal Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cche.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sliwinski
- Department of Food Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Helene Hopfer
- Department of Food Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
| | - Gregory R. Ziegler
- Department of Food Science The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA USA
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Black Sorghum Phenolic Extract Regulates Expression of Genes Associated with Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Human Endothelial Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183321. [PMID: 31547324 PMCID: PMC6767043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is one of the primary factors leading to endothelial dysfunction, a major underlying cause of vascular disorders. This study aims to understand the key signalling pathways regulated by sorghum (Shawaya short black 1 variety; characterised to be very high in its antioxidant activity) under oxidative stress in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were pre-treated with non-cytotoxic concentrations of phenolic-rich black sorghum extract (BSE) prior to induction of oxidative stress using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Treatment with BSE upregulated the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and downregulated the levels of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). BSE treatment significantly reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1) and intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). Results from this study suggest that phenolic-rich BSE may reduce oxidative stress by regulating pro- and antioxidant signalling pathways and the expression of inflammatory mediators linked to endothelial dysfunction under oxidative stress.
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28
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Rao S, Chinkwo K, Santhakumar A, Johnson S, Blanchard C. Apoptosis Induction Pathway in Human Colorectal Cancer Cell Line SW480 Exposed to Cereal Phenolic Extracts. Molecules 2019; 24:E2465. [PMID: 31277499 PMCID: PMC6651285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal phenolic extracts have previously been investigated for their potential anticancer properties; however, the exact mechanisms involved in the inhibition of tumour growth are unclear. One possible mechanism is the induction of apoptosis which is characterised by cell shrinkage, protein fragmentation, and DNA degradation followed by rapid engulfment of cell debris by macrophages. This study examines the ability of phenolic extracts from four cereals: rice, barley, oats and sorghum to induce apoptosis on colorectal cancer cells SW480. Wholegrain extracts from pigmented varieties of red rice, purple rice, black sorghum, and brown sorghum showed a significant reduction in cancer cell proliferation. Morphological observation using APOPercentage™ dye indicated positive for apoptosis. Further analyses of Yunlu29 (rice), Shawaya Short Black 1 and IS1136 (sorghum) showed expression of p53 and confirmed activation of multiple caspases, specifically for caspase 3 and 7. Purple rice, on the other hand, did not upregulate caspase 3 and 7, hence, suggestive of cell cycle arrest. Therefore, phenolic compounds present in cereals such as pigmented rice and sorghum may suppress cancer cell proliferation through the activation of the apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwangni Rao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Kenneth Chinkwo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
| | - Abishek Santhakumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Stuart Johnson
- Agriculture and Food Discipline, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Christopher Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
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29
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Zhang Y, Li M, Gao H, Wang B, Tongcheng X, Gao B, Yu L(L. Triacylglycerol, fatty acid, and phytochemical profiles in a new red sorghum variety (Ji Liang No. 1) and its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:949-958. [PMID: 30918637 PMCID: PMC6418436 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a new red sorghum variety (Ji Liang No. 1) was investigated for its triacylglycerol (TAG) and fatty acid profiles, carotenoid and tocopherol compositions, total phenolic, total flavonoid and phenolic acid contents, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. A total of 17 TAGs were identified in the red sorghum oil. Linoleic and oleic acids were the primary fatty acids, contributing more than 80% of the total fatty acids. β-Carotene was the primary carotenoid at a level of 26.14 μg/g. α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols were at levels of 0.19, 4.08, and 0.10 μg/g, respectively. Moreover, acetone-water (60:40, v/v) extract of the red sorghum exhibited the greatest total phenolic content of 2.77 mg GAE/g and total flavonoid content of 5.44 mg RE/g. The extract had scavenging capacities against DPPH, ABTS +, and peroxyl radicals and suppressed LPS stimulated IL-1β, IL-6, and COX-2 mRNA expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Ferulic, p-coumaric, isoferulic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were found in the red sorghum, with ferulic acid as the predominant phenolic acid and mostly in an insoluble bound form. These data indicated a potential utilization of the red sorghum in health-promoting functional food or supplemental products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human HealthBeijing Technology& Business University (BTBU)BeijingChina
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hang Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Bo Wang
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xu Tongcheng
- Institute of Agro‐Food Science and TechnologyShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Deep ProcessingShandong Academy of Agricultural ScienceJinanChina
| | - Boyan Gao
- Institute of Food and Nutraceutical ScienceSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Liangli (Lucy) Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food ScienceUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland
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30
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Mareya CR, Tugizimana F, Piater LA, Madala NE, Steenkamp PA, Dubery IA. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal Defensome-Related Metabolic Reprogramming in Sorghum bicolor against Infection by Burkholderia andropogonis. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9010008. [PMID: 30609758 PMCID: PMC6359421 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia andropogonis is the causal agent of bacterial leaf stripe, one of the three major bacterial diseases affecting Sorghum bicolor. However, the biochemical aspects of the pathophysiological host responses are not well understood. An untargeted metabolomics approach was designed to understand molecular mechanisms underlying S. bicolor⁻B. andropogonis interactions. At the 4-leaf stage, two sorghum cultivars (NS 5511 and NS 5655) differing in disease tolerance, were infected with B. andropogonis and the metabolic changes monitored over time. The NS 5511 cultivar displayed delayed signs of wilting and lesion progression compared to the NS 5655 cultivar, indicative of enhanced resistance. The metabolomics results identified statistically significant metabolites as biomarkers associated with the sorghum defence. These include the phytohormones salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and zeatin. Moreover, metabolic reprogramming in an array of chemically diverse metabolites that span a wide range of metabolic pathways was associated with the defence response. Signatory biomarkers included aromatic amino acids, shikimic acid, metabolites from the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, as well as fatty acids. Enhanced synthesis and accumulation of apigenin and derivatives thereof was a prominent feature of the altered metabolomes. The analyses revealed an intricate and dynamic network of the sorghum defence arsenal towards B. andropogonis in establishing an enhanced defensive capacity in support of resistance and disease suppression. The results pave the way for future analysis of the biosynthesis of signatory biomarkers and regulation of relevant metabolic pathways in sorghum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity R Mareya
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Lizelle A Piater
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Ntakadzeni E Madala
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Paul A Steenkamp
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Ian A Dubery
- Centre for Plant Metabolomics Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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31
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Bornman JF, Barnes PW, Robson TM, Robinson SA, Jansen MAK, Ballaré CL, Flint SD. Linkages between stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate change and their implications for terrestrial ecosystems. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:681-716. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90061b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Linkages between stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate change: terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet F. Bornman
- College of Science
- Health
- Engineering and Education
- Murdoch University
- Perth
| | - Paul W. Barnes
- Department of Biological Sciences and Environment Program
- Loyola University
- USA
| | - T. Matthew Robson
- Research Programme in Organismal and Evolutionary Biology
- Viikki Plant Science Centre
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Sharon A. Robinson
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystem Solutions
- School of Earth
- Atmosphere and Life Sciences and Global Challenges Program
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
| | - Marcel A. K. Jansen
- Plant Ecophysiology Group
- School of Biological
- Earth and Environmental Sciences
- UCC
- Cork
| | - Carlos L. Ballaré
- University of Buenos Aires
- Faculty of Agronomy and IFEVA-CONICET, and IIB
- National University of San Martin
- Buenos Aires
- Argentina
| | - Stephan D. Flint
- Department of Forest
- Rangeland and Fire Sciences
- University of Idaho
- Moscow
- USA
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32
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Varga M, Jójárt R, Fónad P, Mihály R, Palágyi A. Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of colored oats. Food Chem 2018; 268:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Shen S, Huang R, Li C, Wu W, Chen H, Shi J, Chen S, Ye X. Phenolic Compositions and Antioxidant Activities Differ Significantly among Sorghum Grains with Different Applications. Molecules 2018; 23:E1203. [PMID: 29772811 PMCID: PMC6100422 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorghum grains with different applications had different phenolic profiles, which were corresponded to various antioxidant capacities. In this study, total phenolic, proanthocyanidins and flavonoids contents, as well as contents of individual phenolic compounds from sorghum grains with various applications were determined, and their antioxidant capacities were evaluated. Total phenolic contents (TPC) and total proanthocyanidins contents (TPAC) showed strong correlation with antioxidant activities (r > 0.95, p < 0.01). Hongyingzi (S-1), one of the brewing sorghums, showed the highest level of TPC and TPAC, while white grain sorghum (S-8) had the lowest. Except for black grain sorghum (S-7), that contained the highest contents of ferulic acid, brewing sorghum grains contained the higher contents of the most individual phenolic compounds, especially the variety S-1. The correlation among individual phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities indicated that the free forms of protocatechuic acid (r = 0.982 of FRAPassay, p < 0.01) and taxifolin (r = 0.826 of FRAP assay, p < 0.01) may be the main functional compounds. These results indicate that brewing sorghum grains can also be utilized as effective materials for functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Shen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Charlie Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 94564, USA.
| | - Wenyan Wu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Honglin Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - John Shi
- Guelph Research and Development Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystem Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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34
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Giordano D, Beta T, Gagliardi F, Blandino M. Influence of Agricultural Management on Phytochemicals of Colored Corn Genotypes ( Zea mays L.). Part 2: Sowing Time. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4309-4318. [PMID: 29641196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the agronomic practices carried out in corn cultivation, the early sowing time is increasingly used by farmers of temperate regions to improve yield and reduce mycotoxin contamination of corn grains. The present study determined the influence of sowing time on the phytochemical content of grains of 10 colored genotypes of corn. There was a significant improvement of both grain yield (+26%), thousand kernel weight (+3%), and test weight (+2%) in plots sown early. The early sowing also significantly influenced the chemical composition of corn grains, with an increase in the concentration of cell-wall-bound phenolic acids (+5%) and β-cryptoxanthin (+23%) and a decrease in the concentration of lutein (-18%) and total anthocyanins (-21%). Environmental conditions that occurred during grain development significantly influenced the phytochemical content of corn grain, and early spring sowing could impart advantages in terms of both productivity and content of some antioxidants of whole-meal corn flour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Giordano
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences , University of Turin , Largo Paolo Braccini 2 , 10095 Grugliasco , Turin , Italy
| | - Trust Beta
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Federica Gagliardi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences , University of Turin , Largo Paolo Braccini 2 , 10095 Grugliasco , Turin , Italy
| | - Massimo Blandino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences , University of Turin , Largo Paolo Braccini 2 , 10095 Grugliasco , Turin , Italy
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35
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Wu G, Shen Y, Qi Y, Zhang H, Wang L, Qian H, Qi X, Li Y, Johnson SK. Improvement of in vitro and cellular antioxidant properties of Chinese steamed bread through sorghum addition. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.12.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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36
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Wu G, Bornman JF, Bennett SJ, Clarke MW, Fang Z, Johnson SK. Individual polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in sorghum grains are influenced by very low and high solar UV radiation and genotype. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Shamloo M, Babawale EA, Furtado A, Henry RJ, Eck PK, Jones PJH. Effects of genotype and temperature on accumulation of plant secondary metabolites in Canadian and Australian wheat grown under controlled environments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9133. [PMID: 28831148 PMCID: PMC5567368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09681-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictions of global increased temperature are for 1.8–4 °C by 2100. Increased temperature as an abiotic stress may exert a considerable influence on the levels of secondary metabolites in plants. These secondary metabolites may possibly exert biological activities beneficial in prevention or treatment of disorders linked to oxidative stress in human. Wheat secondary compounds in three Canadian and three Australian genotypes grown under controlled environments, in which the only changing parameter was temperature, were investigated. Kennedy and AC Navigator contained the highest amount of total phenolic acids among Australian and Canadian wheat genotypes, respectively. The total phenolic acids and total flavonoid contents of wheat genotypes increased following the increase of the growing temperature. In all the wheat genotypes, regardless of their growing temperatures, linoleic acid (C18:2n6) was measured as the main fatty acid. Significant increases in palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n9) and significant decreases in linoleic acid (C18:2n6) and linolenic acid (C18:3n3) were observed at increased of growing temperature for all wheat genotypes. Growing temperature decreased campesterol content of wheat genotypes. Genotype and growing temperature significantly shifted the production of wheat secondary metabolites. This information might be used as a guide for breeding wheat varieties with higher antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shamloo
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada.,Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Elizabeth A Babawale
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Agnelo Furtado
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Robert J Henry
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Peter K Eck
- Department of Human Nutritional Sciences, W569 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Peter J H Jones
- Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. .,Department of Food Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada.
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38
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Wu G, Bennett SJ, Bornman JF, Clarke MW, Fang Z, Johnson SK. Phenolic profile and content of sorghum grains under different irrigation managements. Food Res Int 2017; 97:347-355. [PMID: 28578059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum grain is widely consumed in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, as a staple food due to its adaptation to harsh environments. The impact of irrigation regime: full irrigation (100%); deficit irrigation (50%); and severe deficit irrigation (25%) on phenolic profile and content of six sorghum grain genotypes was investigated by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS). A total of 25 individual polyphenols were unequivocally or tentatively identified. Compared to the colored-grain genotypes, the white grained sorghum var. Liberty had a simpler polyphenol profile. The concentrations of the sorghum-specific 3-deoxyanthocyanidins luteolinidin and apigeninidin, were higher under deficit irrigation compared to the other two regimes in all genotypes. These findings will be valuable for the selection of sorghum genotypes for grain production as human food under water deficit conditions, since polyphenol levels can affect the grain's nutritional value and health properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcheng Wu
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Sarita J Bennett
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Janet F Bornman
- International Institute of Agri-Food Security (IIAFS), Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Michael W Clarke
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis - M310, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Public Health, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia.
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39
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Hostetler GL, Ralston RA, Schwartz SJ. Flavones: Food Sources, Bioavailability, Metabolism, and Bioactivity. Adv Nutr 2017; 8:423-435. [PMID: 28507008 PMCID: PMC5421117 DOI: 10.3945/an.116.012948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavones are a class of flavonoids that are a subject of increasing interest because of their biological activities in vitro and in vivo. This article reviews the major sources of flavones and their concentrations in food and beverages, which vary widely between studies. It also covers the roles of flavones in plants, the influence of growing conditions on their concentrations, and their stability during food processing. The absorption and metabolism of flavones are also reviewed, in particular the intestinal absorption of both O- and C-glycosides. Pharmacokinetic studies in both animals and humans are described, comparing differences between species and the effects of glycosylation on bioavailability. Biological activity in animal models and human dietary intervention studies is also reviewed. A better understanding of flavone sources and bioavailability is needed to understand mechanisms of action and nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Hostetler
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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40
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Wu G, Johnson SK, Bornman JF, Bennett SJ, Fang Z. Changes in whole grain polyphenols and antioxidant activity of six sorghum genotypes under different irrigation treatments. Food Chem 2016; 214:199-207. [PMID: 27507466 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sorghum grain containing elevated polyphenolic antioxidant content may provide foods with benefits to human health. A study was undertaken to determine the potential role of irrigation on the content of polyphenols and antioxidant levels in sorghum grain. Bound, free and total polyphenols were investigated in six diverse sorghum genotypes grown under either full irrigation or a deficit irrigation regime. Results showed genotype, irrigation and their interaction had a significant effect on polyphenols and antioxidant activity (P⩽0.05). The deficit irrigation treatment significantly increased polyphenol content and antioxidant activity compared to the full irrigation treatment. Of the six genotypes Shawaya black short 1 and IS1311C (brown) showed the highest polyphenols levels and antioxidant activity. Therefore, both irrigation treatments and genotype need to be considered by sorghum breeders and farmers during sorghum production to produce grain with the required levels of polyphenolics and antioxidant activity for targeted end-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangcheng Wu
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Janet F Bornman
- International Institute of Agri-Food Security (IIAFS), Curtin University, PO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Sarita J Bennett
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, School of Science, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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