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Zhang C, Lin Y, Xue Q, Mo X, He M, Liu J. Nitrogen supply neutralizes the nanoplastic-plant interaction in a coastal wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 251:118572. [PMID: 38437902 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The presence of nanoplastics posed a potential threat to coastal saline-alkaline wetlands where nitrogen (N) fertilizer is being implemented as an important ecological restoration measure. Notwithstanding, the effects of N inputs on plant community in polypropylene-nanoplastics (PP-NPs) coexistence environments are largely unknown. To address this, we investigated the effects of PP-NPs addition alone or combined N supply on community aboveground biomass, morphological traits, diversity, composition, niche differentiation, interspecific interactions, and assembly. Our results showed that the PP-NPs addition alone reduced community aboveground biomass and morphological traits. However, the addition of high concentration (0.5%) PP-NPs alone favored community α-diversity and reduced community stability, which could be weakened through combined N supply. Overall, the effect of PP-NPs addition alone on plant community composition was greater than that of combined N supply. We also demonstrated PP-NPs addition alone and combined N supply reduced the niche breadth of the plant community and affected the niche overlap of dominant species. In the assembly of plant communities, stochastic processes played a dominant role. We conclude that N fertilization can amend the terrestrial nanoplastics pollution, thus mitigating the effects of PP-NPs on the plant community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China
| | - Yingchao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Biomass Resource Utilization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qing Xue
- School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Xunqiang Mo
- School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China
| | - Mengxuan He
- School of Geographic and Environmental Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, China.
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730020, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center on Biomass Resource Utilization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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Ohore OE, Zhang J, Ifon BE, Kumwimba MN, Mu X, Kuang D, Wang Z, Gu JD, Yang G. Microbial phylogenetic divergence between surface-water and sedimentary ecosystems drove the resistome profiles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170122. [PMID: 38232840 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Antibiotic pollution and the evolution of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly viewed as major threats to both ecosystem security and human health, and have drawn attention. This study investigated the fate of antibiotics in aqueous and sedimentary substrates and the impact of ecosystem shifts between water and sedimentary phases on resistome profiles. The findings indicated notable variations in the concentration and distribution patterns of antibiotics across various environmental phases. Based on the partition coefficient (Kd), the total antibiotic concentration was significantly greater in the surface water (1405.45 ng/L; 49.5 %) compared to the suspended particulate matter (Kd = 0.64; 892.59 ng/g; 31.4 %) and sediment (Kd = 0.4; 542.64 ng/g; 19.1 %). However, the relative abundance of ARGs in surface water and sediment was disproportionate to the abundance of antibiotics concentration, and sediments were the predominant ARGs reservoirs. Phylogenetic divergence of the microbial communities between the surface water and the sedimentary ecosystems potentially played important roles in driving the ARGs profiles between the two distinctive ecosystems. ARGs of Clinical importance; including blaGES, MCR-7.1, ermB, tet(34), tet36, tetG-01, and sul2 were significantly increased in the surface water, while blaCTX-M-01, blaTEM, blaOXA10-01, blaVIM, tet(W/N/W), tetM02, and ermX were amplified in the sediments. cfxA was an endemic ARG in surface-water ecosystems while the endemic ARGs of the sedimentary ecosystems included aacC4, aadA9-02, blaCTX-M-04, blaIMP-01, blaIMP-02, bla-L1, penA, erm(36), ermC, ermT-01, msrA-01, pikR2, vgb-01, mexA, oprD, ttgB, and aac. These findings offer a valuable information for the identification of ARGs-specific high-risk reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okugbe Ebiotubo Ohore
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, National Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China.
| | - Jingli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Binessi Edouard Ifon
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP 4521, Benin
| | - Mathieu Nsenga Kumwimba
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoying Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dai Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, National Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ji-Dong Gu
- Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Jinping District, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Guojing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Control, National Health Commission, Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Padullés Cubino J, Lenoir J, Li D, Montaño-Centellas FA, Retana J, Baeten L, Bernhardt-Römermann M, Chudomelová M, Closset D, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Diekmann M, Dirnböck T, Durak T, Hédl R, Heinken T, Jaroszewicz B, Kopecký M, Macek M, Máliš F, Naaf T, Orczewska A, Petřík P, Pielech R, Reczyńska K, Schmidt W, Standovár T, Świerkosz K, Teleki B, Verheyen K, Vild O, Waller D, Wulf M, Chytrý M. Evaluating plant lineage losses and gains in temperate forest understories: a phylogenetic perspective on climate change and nitrogen deposition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 241:2287-2299. [PMID: 38126264 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Global change has accelerated local species extinctions and colonizations, often resulting in losses and gains of evolutionary lineages with unique features. Do these losses and gains occur randomly across the phylogeny? We quantified: temporal changes in plant phylogenetic diversity (PD); and the phylogenetic relatedness (PR) of lost and gained species in 2672 semi-permanent vegetation plots in European temperate forest understories resurveyed over an average period of 40 yr. Controlling for differences in species richness, PD increased slightly over time and across plots. Moreover, lost species within plots exhibited a higher degree of PR than gained species. This implies that gained species originated from a more diverse set of evolutionary lineages than lost species. Certain lineages also lost and gained more species than expected by chance, with Ericaceae, Fabaceae, and Orchidaceae experiencing losses and Amaranthaceae, Cyperaceae, and Rosaceae showing gains. Species losses and gains displayed no significant phylogenetic signal in response to changes in macroclimatic conditions and nitrogen deposition. As anthropogenic global change intensifies, temperate forest understories experience losses and gains in specific phylogenetic branches and ecological strategies, while the overall mean PD remains relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Padullés Cubino
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Jonathan Lenoir
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Daijiang Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Flavia A Montaño-Centellas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
- Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Javier Retana
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
- Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193, Spain
| | - Lander Baeten
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Markus Bernhardt-Römermann
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Markéta Chudomelová
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Déborah Closset
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- UMR CNRS 7058 'Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés' (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, 80037, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Martin Diekmann
- Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Bremen, 28334, Germany
| | - Thomas Dirnböck
- Environment Agency Austria, Ecosystem Research and Environmental Information Management, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Tomasz Durak
- Institute of Biology, University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, 35601, Poland
| | - Radim Hédl
- Department of Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Olomouc, 78371, Czech Republic
| | - Thilo Heinken
- General Botany, Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, 14469, Germany
| | - Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Białowieża Geobotanical Station, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Białowieża, 17230, Poland
| | - Martin Kopecký
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16521, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Macek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - František Máliš
- Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
- National Forest Centre, Zvolen, 96001, Slovakia
| | - Tobias Naaf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Anna Orczewska
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Katowice, 40007, Poland
| | - Petr Petřík
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, 16500, Czech Republic
| | - Remigiusz Pielech
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Kraków, 30387, Poland
| | - Kamila Reczyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50328, Poland
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany
| | - Tibor Standovár
- Department of Plant Systematics, Ecology and Theoretical Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, H-1117, Hungary
| | - Krzysztof Świerkosz
- Museum of Natural History, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, 50335, Poland
| | - Balázs Teleki
- HUN-REN-UD Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Research Group, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Melle-Gontrode, B-9090, Belgium
| | - Ondřej Vild
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Průhonice, 25243, Czech Republic
| | - Donald Waller
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Monika Wulf
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, 15374, Germany
| | - Milan Chytrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, 61137, Czech Republic
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Kirby TO, Sapp PA, Townsend JR, Govaert M, Duysburgh C, Marzorati M, Marshall TM, Esposito R. AG1 ® Induces a Favorable Impact on Gut Microbial Structure and Functionality in the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem ® Model. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:557-569. [PMID: 38248338 PMCID: PMC10814853 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of the human gut microbiome has become an area of interest in the nutraceutical space. We explored the effect of the novel foundational nutrition supplement AG1® on the composition of human microbiota in an in vitro experimental design. Employing the Simulator of Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME®) model, AG1® underwent digestion, absorption, and subsequent colonic microenvironment simulation under physiologically relevant conditions in healthy human fecal inocula. Following 48 h of colonic simulation, the gut microbiota were described using shallow shotgun, whole genome sequencing. Metagenomic data were used to describe changes in community structure (alpha diversity, beta diversity, and changes in specific taxa) and community function (functional heterogeneity and changes in specific bacterial metabolic pathways). Results showed no significant change in alpha diversity, but a significant effect of treatment and donor and an interaction between the treatment and donor effect on structural heterogeneity likely stemming from the differential enrichment of eight bacterial taxa. Similar findings were observed for community functional heterogeneity likely stemming from the enrichment of 20 metabolic pathways characterized in the gene ontology term database. It is logical to conclude that an acute dose of AG1 has significant effects on gut microbial composition that may translate into favorable effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor O. Kirby
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA; (P.A.S.); (J.R.T.); (T.M.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Philip A. Sapp
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA; (P.A.S.); (J.R.T.); (T.M.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Jeremy R. Townsend
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA; (P.A.S.); (J.R.T.); (T.M.M.); (R.E.)
- Health & Human Performance, Concordia University Chicago, River Forest, IL 60305, USA
| | - Marlies Govaert
- ProDigest BVBA, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Cindy Duysburgh
- ProDigest BVBA, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Marzorati
- ProDigest BVBA, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium; (M.G.); (C.D.); (M.M.)
- Center of Microbial Ecology and Technology (CMET), Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tess M. Marshall
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA; (P.A.S.); (J.R.T.); (T.M.M.); (R.E.)
| | - Ralph Esposito
- Research, Nutrition, and Innovation, Athletic Greens International, Carson City, NV 89701, USA; (P.A.S.); (J.R.T.); (T.M.M.); (R.E.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Studies, and Public Health, New York University-Steinhardt, New York, NY 10003, USA
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Ohore OE, Ifon BE, Wang Y, Kazmi SSUH, Zhang J, Sanganyado E, Jiao X, Liu W, Wang Z. Vertical changes in water depth and environmental variables drove the antibiotics and antibiotic resistomes distribution, and microbial food web structures in the estuary and marine ecosystems. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 178:108118. [PMID: 37517178 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The influence of vertical changes in water depth on emerging pollutants distribution and microbial food web remains elusive. We investigated the influence of vertical transition in water depth on the environmental variables, antibiotics and antibiotic resistomes, and microbial community structures in estuary and marine ecosystems (0-50 m). Stepwise multiple linear regression model showed that among investigated environmental variables, change in water salinity was the most influential factor dictating the fluoroquinolone and macrolides concentrations, while dissolved oxygen and turbidity were the key influencers of sulfonamides and beta-lactam concentrations, respectively. Bacterial and eukaryotic diversity and niche breadth significantly increased with the increasing water depth. Ecosystem food web structure at the bottom depths was more stable than at the middle and surface depths. At the surface depth, the top 5 keystone genera were Cryothecomonas, Syndiniales, Achromobacter, Pseudopirsonia, and Karlodinium. Whereas Eugregarinorida, Neptuniibacter, Mychonastes, Novel_Apicomplexa_Class_1, Aplanochytrium and Dietzia, Halodaphnea, Luminiphilus, Aplanochytrium, Maullinia dominated the top 5 genera at the middle and the bottom depth, respectively. Absolute abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was drastically increased at the surface depth compared with the middle and bottom depths. Abundance of the top 10 ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) detected including tnpA-05, aadA2-03, mexF, aadA1, intI-1(clinic), qacEdelta1-02, aadA-02, qacEdelta1-01, cmlA1-01, and aadA-01 were amplified at the surface depth. This study demonstrated that ARGs abundance was disproportionate to bacterial diversity, and anthropogenic disturbances, confinement, MGEs, and ecosystem stability play primary roles in the fate of ARGs. The findings of this study also implicate that vertical changes in the water depth on environmental conditions can influence antibiotic concentrations and microbial community dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okugbe Ebiotubo Ohore
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Binessi Edouard Ifon
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Abomey-Calavi, Republic of Benin, Cotonou 01 BP 4521, Benin
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Syed Shabi Ul Hassan Kazmi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jingli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Edmond Sanganyado
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4PB, UK
| | - Xiaoyang Jiao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Qu R, Liu G, Yue M, Wang G, Peng C, Wang K, Gao X. Soil temperature, microbial biomass and enzyme activity are the critical factors affecting soil respiration in different soil layers in Ziwuling Mountains, China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105723. [PMID: 36876107 PMCID: PMC9978110 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms are critical biological indicators for evaluating soil health and play a vital role in carbon (C)-climate feedback. In recent years, the accuracy of models in terms of predicting soil C pools has been improved by considering the involvement of microbes in the decomposition process in ecosystem models, but the parameter values of these models have been assumed by researchers without combining observed data with the models and without calibrating the microbial decomposition models. Here, we conducted an observational experiment from April 2021 to July 2022 in the Ziwuling Mountains, Loess Plateau, China, to explore the main influencing factors of soil respiration (RS) and determine which parameters can be incorporated into microbial decomposition models. The results showed that the RS rate is significantly correlated with soil temperature (TS) and moisture (MS), indicating that TS increases soil C loss. We attributed the non-significant correlation between RS and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) to variations in microbial use efficiency, which mitigated ecosystem C loss by reducing the ability of microorganisms to decompose organic resources at high temperatures. The structural equation modeling (SEM) results demonstrated that TS, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity are crucial factors affecting soil microbial activity. Our study revealed the relations between TS, microbial biomass, enzyme activity, and RS, which had important scientific implications for constructing microbial decomposition models that predict soil microbial activity under climate change in the future. To better understand the relationship between soil dynamics and C emissions, it will be necessary to incorporate climate data as well as RS and microbial parameters into microbial decomposition models, which will be important for soil conservation and reducing soil C loss in the Loess Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanzhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Gangsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Institute for Water-Carbon Cycles and Carbon Neutrality, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Department of Biology Sciences, Institute of Environment Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kefeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.,College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaoping Gao
- Shuanglong State-Owned Ecological Experimental Forest Farm of Qiaoshan State-Owned Forestry Administration of Yan'an City, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
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Effects of Vetiveria zizanioides on the Restoration and Succession of Coal Gangue Mountain Plant Communities in Different Years. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14100843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The restoration of vegetation on coal gangue mountains has always been an area of concern, and therefore, an important area of research. Liupanshui city in Guizhou province, China, has a large number of coal gangue mountains, and for this reason, was chosen for studying vegetation succession on these sites. Vetiveria zizanioides is known to accelerate the restoration of vegetation on coal gangue mountains and to shorten community succession timeframes. Because of this, we investigated different successional stages after the planting of V. zizanioides on coal gangue mountains in the Dahe coal mine comprehensive environmental governance project area in Liupanshui city. Through field community surveys and model prediction, the effects of planted V. zizanioides on the species composition, species diversity, and community succession of gangue mountains 3, 6, 8, 10, and 13 years after planting were explored. In total, 35 plant species belonging to 17 families and 32 genera were recorded across the five different coal gangue mountains. With more time after planting, the height, coverage, density, and biomass of V. zizanioides all decreased, but increased for Miscanthus floridulus. The Simpson diversity index, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, and Pielou evenness index all first increased before decreasing over time; maximum values were recorded for the coal gangue mountain 8 years after planting of V. zizanioides. According to different similarity and dissimilarity indices, the successional stages became more similar with increasing time after planting. According to biomass fitting and prediction curves, the succession process of coal gangue mountain plant communities could be divided into a V. zizanioides community stage, a M. floridulus community stage, and a woody plant stage, that starts to approach the natural community of evergreen broad-leaved forests, with durations of 0–5.62 years, 5.62–17.48 years, and over 17.48 years, respectively.
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Reboleira AS, Bodawatta KH, Ravn NMR, Lauritzen SE, Skoglund RØ, Poulsen M, Michelsen A, Jønsson KA. Nutrient-limited subarctic caves harbour more diverse and complex bacterial communities than their surface soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:41. [PMID: 35941623 PMCID: PMC9361705 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subarctic regions are particularly vulnerable to climate change, yet little is known about nutrient availability and biodiversity of their cave ecosystems. Such knowledge is crucial for predicting the vulnerability of these ecosystems to consequences of climate change. Thus, to improve our understanding of life in these habitats, we characterized environmental variables, as well as bacterial and invertebrate communities of six subarctic caves in Northern Norway. RESULTS Only a minuscule diversity of surface-adapted invertebrates were found in these caves. However, the bacterial communities in caves were compositionally different, more diverse and more complex than the nutrient-richer surface soil. Cave soil microbiomes were less variable between caves than between surface communities in the same area, suggesting that the stable cave environments with tougher conditions drive the uniform microbial communities. We also observed only a small proportion of cave bacterial genera originating from the surface, indicating unique cave-adapted microbial communities. Increased diversity within caves may stem from higher niche specialization and levels of interdependencies for nutrient cycling among bacterial taxa in these oligotrophic environments. CONCLUSIONS Taken together this suggest that environmental changes, e.g., faster melting of snow as a result of global warming that could alter nutrient influx, can have a detrimental impact on interactions and dependencies of these complex communities. This comparative exploration of cave and surface microbiomes also lays the foundation to further investigate the long-term environmental variables that shape the biodiversity of these vulnerable ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Reboleira
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark.
| | - Kasun H Bodawatta
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, and Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) & CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Nynne M R Ravn
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Stein-Erik Lauritzen
- Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegt. 41, 5007, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Michael Poulsen
- Section for Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Anders Michelsen
- Section for Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
| | - Knud Andreas Jønsson
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100, Copenhagen East, Denmark
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9
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Human Disturbance and Geometric Constraints Drive Small Mammal Diversity and Community Structure along an Elevational Gradient in Eastern China. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151915. [PMID: 35953902 PMCID: PMC9367490 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biodiversity patterns and mechanisms along elevational gradients have long been the focus of conservation research. However, few studies have been conducted in mountainous areas of eastern China, especially for small mammals. In this study, we used a standard sampling method to survey small mammals along the gradient of Qingliang Mountain in eastern China and analyzed the patterns and mechanisms of diversity and community structure. We found inconsistencies between different diversity dimensions. Functional and phylogenetic structures were mainly clustered but showed opposite elevation patterns. Human disturbance and MDE were the main drivers of the diversity patterns, but with contrasting effects on different dimensions. These findings emphasize the importance of a multiple dimensions approach to biodiversity conservation and call for increased conservation efforts in the low and middle elevation regions. Abstract Understanding the mechanisms influencing patterns and processes of biological diversity is critical to protecting biodiversity, particularly in species-rich ecosystems such as mountains. Even so, there is limited knowledge of biodiversity patterns and processes in the mountains of eastern China, especially about small mammals. In this study, we examined the taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of small mammal distribution and community structure along the elevational gradient of Qingliang Mountain, eastern China. We then evaluated how they are influenced by space (area and mid-domain effect (MDE)), environment (temperature, precipitation, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), and human disturbance. The results showed hump-shaped patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity along elevation gradients, peaking at 1000 m, unlike functional diversity, which peaked at lower elevations (600 m). The mean pairwise distance and mean nearest taxon distance of functional and phylogenetic variance (MFD and MPD, respectively) were also incongruent. The MFD and MPD showed hump-shaped patterns along elevations; however, unlike MFD, which peaked at lower elevations (600 m), MPD peaked at higher elevations (1200 m). The mean nearest functional taxon distance (MNFD) decreased, while the mean nearest phylogenetic taxon distance (MNTD) increased along the elevation gradient. The higher elevations were functionally more clustered, while the lower elevations were phylogenetically more clustered, suggesting that environmental filtering for traits was stronger at higher elevations. In comparison, phylogenetic conservatism of ecological niches had a stronger influence at lower elevations. The diversity and community structure indices were inconsistently explained, with human disturbance and MDE accounting for the biggest proportions of the model-explained variances. Overall, the results confirm that environmental filtering and human disturbance significantly influence small mammals’ diversity and community structure. These findings also emphasize the need for increased conservation efforts in the middle and lower elevation regions of Qingliang Mountain.
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10
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Santillan E, Wuertz S. Microbiome assembly predictably shapes diversity across a range of disturbance frequencies in experimental microcosms. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:41. [PMID: 35562363 PMCID: PMC9106739 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity is often implied to have a positive effect on the functional stability of ecological communities. However, its relationship with stochastic and deterministic assembly mechanisms remains largely unknown, particularly under fluctuating disturbances. Here, we subjected complex bacterial communities in microcosms to different frequencies of alteration in substrate feeding scheme, tracking temporal dynamics in their assembly, structure and function. Activated sludge bioreactors were subjected to six different frequencies of double organic loading, either never (undisturbed), every 8, 6, 4, or 2 days (intermediately disturbed), or every day (press disturbed), and operated in daily cycles for 42 days. Null modeling revealed a stronger role of stochastic assembly at intermediate disturbance frequencies, with a peak in stochasticity that preceded the occurrence of a peak in α-diversity. Communities at extreme ends of the disturbance range had the lowest α-diversity and highest within-treatment similarity in terms of β-diversity, with stronger deterministic assembly. Increased carbon removal and microbial aggregate settleability (general functions) correlated with stronger deterministic processes. In contrast, higher stochasticity correlated with higher nitrogen removal (a specialized function) only during initial successional stages at intermediate disturbance frequencies. We show that changes in assembly processes predictably precede changes in diversity under a gradient of disturbance frequencies, advancing our understanding of the mechanisms behind disturbance-diversity-function relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezequiel Santillan
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Stefan Wuertz
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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11
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de Celis M, Duque J, Marquina D, Salvadó H, Serrano S, Arregui L, Santos A, Belda I. Niche differentiation drives microbial community assembly and succession in full-scale activated sludge bioreactors. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:23. [PMID: 35411053 PMCID: PMC9001656 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00291-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Network models and community phylogenetic analyses are applied to assess the composition, structure, and ecological assembly mechanisms of microbial communities. Here we combine both approaches to investigate the temporal dynamics of network properties in individual samples of two activated sludge systems at different adaptation stages. At initial assembly stages, we observed microbial communities adapting to activated sludge, with an increase in network modularity and co-exclusion proportion, and a decrease in network clustering, here interpreted as a consequence of niche specialization. The selective pressure of deterministic factors at wastewater treatment plants produces this trend and maintains the structure of highly functional and specialized communities responding to seasonal environmental changes.
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12
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Qiao H, Chen L, Hu Y, Deng C, Sun Q, Deng S, Chen X, Mei L, Wu J, Su Y. Soil Microbial Resource Limitations and Community Assembly Along a Camellia oleifera Plantation Chronosequence. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:736165. [PMID: 34925257 PMCID: PMC8675945 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding soil microbial element limitation and its relation with the microbial community can help in elucidating the soil fertility status and improving nutrient management of planted forest ecosystems. The stand age of a planted forest determines the aboveground forest biomass and structure and underground microbial function and diversity. In this study, we investigated 30 plantations of Camellia oleifera distributed across the subtropical region of China that we classified into four stand ages (planted <9 years, 9–20 years, 21–60 years, and >60 years age). Enzymatic stoichiometry analysis showed that microbial metabolism in the forests was mainly limited by C and P. P limitation significantly decreased and C limitation slightly increased along the stand age gradient. The alpha diversity of the soil microbiota remained steady along stand age, while microbial communities gradually converged from scattered to clustered, which was accompanied by a decrease in network complexity. The soil bacterial community assembly shifted from stochastic to deterministic processes, which probably contributed to a decrease in soil pH along stand age. Our findings emphasize that the stand age regulated the soil microbial metabolism limitation and community assembly, which provides new insight into the improvement of C and P management in subtropical planted forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longsheng Chen
- Research Institute of Economic Forest and Fruit (Research Institute of Oil Tea Camellia), Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, China
| | - Yajun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenghua Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohong Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangbi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Li Mei
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences/Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinshui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yirong Su
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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13
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Huang S, Stoof-Leichsenring KR, Liu S, Courtin J, Andreev AA, Pestryakova LA, Herzschuh U. Plant Sedimentary Ancient DNA From Far East Russia Covering the Last 28,000 Years Reveals Different Assembly Rules in Cold and Warm Climates. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.763747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Woody plants are expanding into the Arctic in response to the warming climate. The impact on arctic plant communities is not well understood due to the limited knowledge about plant assembly rules. Records of past plant diversity over long time series are rare. Here, we applied sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding targeting the P6 loop of the chloroplast trnL gene to a sediment record from Lake Ilirney (central Chukotka, Far Eastern Russia) covering the last 28 thousand years. Our results show that forb-rich steppe-tundra and dwarf-shrub tundra dominated during the cold climate before 14 ka, while deciduous erect-shrub tundra was abundant during the warm period since 14 ka. Larix invasion during the late Holocene substantially lagged behind the likely warmest period between 10 and 6 ka, where the vegetation biomass could be highest. We reveal highest richness during 28–23 ka and a second richness peak during 13–9 ka, with both periods being accompanied by low relative abundance of shrubs. During the cold period before 14 ka, rich plant assemblages were phylogenetically clustered, suggesting low genetic divergence in the assemblages despite the great number of species. This probably originates from environmental filtering along with niche differentiation due to limited resources under harsh environmental conditions. In contrast, during the warmer period after 14 ka, rich plant assemblages were phylogenetically overdispersed. This results from a high number of species which were found to harbor high genetic divergence, likely originating from an erratic recruitment process in the course of warming. Some of our evidence may be of relevance for inferring future arctic plant assembly rules and diversity changes. By analogy to the past, we expect a lagged response of tree invasion. Plant richness might overshoot in the short term; in the long-term, however, the ongoing expansion of deciduous shrubs will eventually result in a phylogenetically more diverse community.
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14
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Arnillas CA, Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Alberti J, Baez S, Bakker JD, Boughton EH, Buckley YM, Bugalho MN, Donohue I, Dwyer J, Firn J, Gridzak R, Hagenah N, Hautier Y, Helm A, Jentsch A, Knops JMH, Komatsu KJ, Laanisto L, Laungani R, McCulley R, Moore JL, Morgan JW, Peri PL, Power SA, Price J, Sankaran M, Schamp B, Speziale K, Standish R, Virtanen R, Cadotte MW. Opposing community assembly patterns for dominant and nondominant plant species in herbaceous ecosystems globally. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:17744-17761. [PMID: 35003636 PMCID: PMC8717298 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Biotic and abiotic factors interact with dominant plants-the locally most frequent or with the largest coverage-and nondominant plants differently, partially because dominant plants modify the environment where nondominant plants grow. For instance, if dominant plants compete strongly, they will deplete most resources, forcing nondominant plants into a narrower niche space. Conversely, if dominant plants are constrained by the environment, they might not exhaust available resources but instead may ameliorate environmental stressors that usually limit nondominants. Hence, the nature of interactions among nondominant species could be modified by dominant species. Furthermore, these differences could translate into a disparity in the phylogenetic relatedness among dominants compared to the relatedness among nondominants. By estimating phylogenetic dispersion in 78 grasslands across five continents, we found that dominant species were clustered (e.g., co-dominant grasses), suggesting dominant species are likely organized by environmental filtering, and that nondominant species were either randomly assembled or overdispersed. Traits showed similar trends for those sites (<50%) with sufficient trait data. Furthermore, several lineages scattered in the phylogeny had more nondominant species than expected at random, suggesting that traits common in nondominants are phylogenetically conserved and have evolved multiple times. We also explored environmental drivers of the dominant/nondominant disparity. We found different assembly patterns for dominants and nondominants, consistent with asymmetries in assembly mechanisms. Among the different postulated mechanisms, our results suggest two complementary hypotheses seldom explored: (1) Nondominant species include lineages adapted to thrive in the environment generated by dominant species. (2) Even when dominant species reduce resources to nondominant ones, dominant species could have a stronger positive effect on some nondominants by ameliorating environmental stressors affecting them, than by depleting resources and increasing the environmental stress to those nondominants. These results show that the dominant/nondominant asymmetry has ecological and evolutionary consequences fundamental to understand plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alberto Arnillas
- Department of Physical and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Juan Alberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC, UNMdP, CONICET)Mar del PlataArgentina
| | - Selene Baez
- Department of BiologyEscuela Politécnica NacionalQuitoEcuador
| | - Jonathan D. Bakker
- School of Environmental and Forest SciencesUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWashingtonUSA
| | | | - Yvonne M. Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - Miguel Nuno Bugalho
- Centre for Applied Ecology Prof. Baeta Neves (CEABN‐InBIO)School of AgricultureUniversity of LisbonLisbonPortugal
| | - Ian Donohue
- School of Natural Sciences, ZoologyTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | - John Dwyer
- University of Queensland, School of Biological SciencesST‐LuciaQldAustralia
| | - Jennifer Firn
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT) BrisbaneQldAustralia
| | | | - Nicole Hagenah
- Department of Zoology and EntomologyMammal Research InstituteUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa
| | - Yann Hautier
- Ecology and Biodiversity GroupDepartment of BiologyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Aveliina Helm
- Institute of Ecology and Earth SciencesUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
| | - Anke Jentsch
- Department of Disturbance EcologyBayCEERUniversity of BayreuthBayreuthGermany
| | - Johannes M. H. Knops
- Department of Health and Environmental SciencesXi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhouChina
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | | | - Lauri Laanisto
- Department of Agricutural and Environmental SciencesEstonian University of Life SciencesTartuEstonia
| | | | - Rebecca McCulley
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Joslin L. Moore
- School of Biological SciencesMonash UniversityClaytonVicAustralia
| | | | | | - Sally A. Power
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithAustralia
| | - Jodi Price
- Institute for Land, Water and SocietyCharles Sturt UniversityAlburyNSWAustralia
| | - Mahesh Sankaran
- National Centre for Biological SciencesTIFRBengaluruIndia
- School of BiologyUniversity of LeedsLeedsUK
| | | | - Karina Speziale
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio EcotonoINIBIOMA (CONICET‐UNCOMA)San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina
| | - Rachel Standish
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, College of Science, Health, Engineering and EducationMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Marc W. Cadotte
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Toronto ScarboroughTorontoONCanada
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
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15
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Li F, Yan Y, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Niu J. Taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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16
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Effects of management outweigh effects of plant diversity on restored animal communities in tallgrass prairies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2015421118. [PMID: 33495327 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015421118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A primary goal of ecological restoration is to increase biodiversity in degraded ecosystems. However, the success of restoration ecology is often assessed by measuring the response of a single functional group or trophic level to restoration, without considering how restoration affects multitrophic interactions that shape biodiversity. An ecosystem-wide approach to restoration is therefore necessary to understand whether animal responses to restoration, such as changes in biodiversity, are facilitated by changes in plant communities (plant-driven effects) or disturbance and succession resulting from restoration activities (management-driven effects). Furthermore, most restoration ecology studies focus on how restoration alters taxonomic diversity, while less attention is paid to the response of functional and phylogenetic diversity in restored ecosystems. Here, we compared the strength of plant-driven and management-driven effects of restoration on four animal communities (ground beetles, dung beetles, snakes, and small mammals) in a chronosequence of restored tallgrass prairie, where sites varied in management history (prescribed fire and bison reintroduction). Our analyses indicate that management-driven effects on animal communities were six-times stronger than effects mediated through changes in plant biodiversity. Additionally, we demonstrate that restoration can simultaneously have positive and negative effects on biodiversity through different pathways, which may help reconcile variation in restoration outcomes. Furthermore, animal taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity responded differently to restoration, suggesting that restoration plans might benefit from considering multiple dimensions of animal biodiversity. We conclude that metrics of plant diversity alone may not be adequate to assess the success of restoration in reassembling functional ecosystems.
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17
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Lekberg Y, Arnillas CA, Borer ET, Bullington LS, Fierer N, Kennedy PG, Leff JW, Luis AD, Seabloom EW, Henning JA. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization consistently favor pathogenic over mutualistic fungi in grassland soils. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3484. [PMID: 34108462 PMCID: PMC8190096 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23605-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecosystems across the globe receive elevated inputs of nutrients, but the consequences of this for soil fungal guilds that mediate key ecosystem functions remain unclear. We find that nitrogen and phosphorus addition to 25 grasslands distributed across four continents promotes the relative abundance of fungal pathogens, suppresses mutualists, but does not affect saprotrophs. Structural equation models suggest that responses are often indirect and primarily mediated by nutrient-induced shifts in plant communities. Nutrient addition also reduces co-occurrences within and among fungal guilds, which could have important consequences for belowground interactions. Focusing only on plots that received no nutrient addition, soil properties influence pathogen abundance globally, whereas plant community characteristics influence mutualists, and climate influence saprotrophs. We show consistent, guild-level responses that enhance our ability to predict shifts in soil function related to anthropogenic eutrophication, which can have longer-term consequences for plant communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Lekberg
- MPG Ranch, Missoula, MT USA ,grid.253613.00000 0001 2192 5772Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA
| | - Carlos A. Arnillas
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto – Scarborough, Scarborough, Canada
| | - Elizabeth T. Borer
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA
| | | | - Noah Fierer
- grid.266190.a0000000096214564Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA ,grid.464551.70000 0004 0450 3000Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Peter G. Kennedy
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Departments of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA
| | | | - Angela D. Luis
- grid.253613.00000 0001 2192 5772Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT USA
| | - Eric W. Seabloom
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA
| | - Jeremiah A. Henning
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN USA ,grid.267153.40000 0000 9552 1255Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL USA
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18
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Zhao J, Zhang Y, Xu J, Chai Y, Liu P, Cao Y, Li C, Yin Q, Zhu J, Yue M. Strong Environmental Filtering Based on Hydraulic Traits Occurring in the Lower Water Availability of Temperate Forest Communities. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:698878. [PMID: 35126402 PMCID: PMC8811132 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.698878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The trait-based approaches have made progress in understanding the community assembly process. Here, we explore the key traits that may shape community assembly patterns of the same community type but within different water availabilities. Natural Quercus wutaishanica forests were chosen as a suitable study system to test the difference between economic and hydraulic traits across water availability on the Loess Plateau (LP, drought region) and Qinling Mountains (QL, humid region) of China. A total of 75 plots were established separately in two sites, and 12 functional traits (seven hydraulic traits and five economic traits) of 167 species were studied. Community-weighted mean trait values and functional diversity indices were compared between the two sites. Canonical component analysis was performed to infer whether the changes of community traits and their relationships are driven by intraspecific variation or species turnover. Evidence for likely community assembly processes was tested using the null model to determine whether functional structure among seven hydraulic traits and five economic traits was dominated by different ecological processes between two sites. We found that forests in the Loess Plateau and Qinling Mountains showed different hydraulic and economic traits. Hydraulic and economic traits coupled at the community level were driven by species turnover. Hydraulic traits showed more significant convergent patterns on LP than that in QL. Our results suggest a strong environmental filtering process occurred in hydraulic-based community assembly in the temperate forest with low water availability. Reveal the relationship of hydraulic and economic traits at the community level. Emphasize the critical role of multi-dimensional traits selecting like hydraulic traits in community ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuhan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region, Tongren University, Tongren, China
| | - Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peiliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Ying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Cunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
| | - Qiulong Yin
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiangang Zhu
- Shuanglong State-Owned Ecological Experimental Forest Farm of Qiaoshan State-Owned Forestry Administration of Yan’an City, Yan’an, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi’an, China
- Xi’an Botanical Garden of Shaanxi Province/Institute of Botany of Shaanxi Province, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Ming Yue,
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19
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Yin Q, Tian T, Kou M, Liu P, Wang L, Hao Z, Yue M. The relationships between photosynthesis and stomatal traits on the Loess Plateau. Glob Ecol Conserv 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Differentiation of Environmental Conditions Promotes Variation of Two Quercus wutaishanica Community Assembly Patterns. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two contradictory niche-based processes, environmental filtering and competitive exclusion, are important ecological processes in community assembly. Quercus wutaishanica forests are the climax communities in the Qinling Mountains and the Loess Plateau, China. Since these areas are characterized by different climate and evolutionary histories, these forests could be a suitable study system to test the phylogenetic niche conservatism hypothesis. We compared variation in community assembly of two distinct Q. wutaishanica forest communities and analyzed how the variations are formed. Quercus wutaishanica forest communities had significantly different species pool, phylogenetic structure and phylogenetic diversity between the two regions that were driven by inconsistency in environment conditions and evolutionary history at the local scale. Soil ammonium nitrogen, soil water content, and nitrate nitrogen play a major role in phylogenetic beta diversity patterns. The effect of environmental filtering on community assembly was more significant on the Loess Plateau than in the Qinling Mountains. Our study also found that local environment is important in mediating the patterns of phylogenetic structure. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of local community assembly.
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21
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Forest Understorey Vegetation: Colonization and the Availability and Heterogeneity of Resources. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10110944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understorey vegetation comprises a major portion of plant diversity and contributes greatly to nutrient cycling and energy flow. This review examines the mechanisms involved in the response of understorey vegetation to stand development and the overstorey canopy following disturbances. The overall abundance and diversity of the understorey is enhanced with the availability and heterogeneity of light, soil nutrients, soil moisture, and substrates. Vascular plants are positively impacted by the availability and heterogeneity of light and soil nutrients, whereas non-vascular vegetation is more strongly influenced by colonization time, soil moisture, and substrates, and is decreased with a higher proportion of broadleaf overstorey. The availability of resources is a prominent driver toward the abundance and diversity of understorey vegetation, from the stand initiation to stem exclusion stage under a single-species dominated overstorey. However, resource heterogeneity dominates at the later stages of succession under a mixed overstorey. Climate and site conditions modify resource availability and heterogeneity in the understorey layer, but the extent of their influences requires more investigation. Forest management practices (clearcutting and partial harvesting) tend to increase light availability and heterogeneity, which facilitates the abundance and diversity of understorey vascular plants; however, these factors reduce the occurrence of non-vascular plants. Nevertheless, in the landscape context, anthropogenic disturbances homogenize environmental conditions and reduce beta-diversity, as well, the long-term effects of anthropogenic disturbances on understorey vegetation remain unclear, particularly compared with those in primary forests.
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Do No Harm: Efficacy of a Single Herbicide Application to Control an Invasive Shrub While Minimizing Collateral Damage to Native Species. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100426. [PMID: 31635358 PMCID: PMC6843660 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Control of invasive exotic species in restorations without compromising the native plant community is a challenge. Efficacy of exotic species control needs to consider collateral effects on the associated plant community. We asked (1) if short-term control of a dominant exotic invasive, Lespedeza cuneata in grassland restorations allows establishment of a more diverse native plant community, and (2) if control of the exotic and supplemental seed addition allows establishment of native species. A manipulative experiment tested the effects of herbicide treatments (five triclopyr and fluroxypyr formulations plus an untreated control) and seed addition (and unseeded control) on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, and community composition of restored grasslands in three sites over three years. We assessed response of L. cuneata through stem density counts, and response of the plant community through estimates of canopy cover. Herbicide treatments reduced the abundance of the exotic in the first field season leading to a less dispersed community composition compared with untreated controls, with the exotic regaining dominance by the third year. Supplemental seed addition did not provide extra resistance of the native community to reinvasion of the exotic. The communities were phylogenetically over-dispersed, but there was a short-term shift to lower phylogenetic diversity in response to herbicides consistent with a decrease in biotic filtering. Native plant communities in these grassland restorations were resilient to short-term reduction in abundance of a dominant invasive even though it was insufficient to provide an establishment window for native species establishment.
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Véron S, Saito V, Padilla-García N, Forest F, Bertheau Y. The Use of Phylogenetic Diversity in Conservation Biology and Community Ecology: A Common Base but Different Approaches. QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/703580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hydraulic and Photosynthetic Traits Vary with Successional Status of Woody Plants on the Loess Plateau. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Research highlights: Water transport and CO2 diffusion are two important processes that determine the CO2 assimilation efficiency in leaves. The integration of leaf economic and hydraulic traits will help to present a more comprehensive view of the succession of woody plants in arid regions. However, studies on hydraulic traits of plants from different successional stages are still rare compared to that on economic traits in arid regions. Materials and methods: We selected 31 species from shrub stage, pioneer tree stage and late successional stage on the Loess Plateau, and measured five economic traits and five hydraulic traits of these species. Results: We found species from the pioneer tree stage exhibited "fast-growing" characteristics with high maximum net photosynthesis rate (Pmax) and vein density (VD). Species from the late successional stage exhibited "slow-growing" characteristics with low Pmax and VD. Economic traits showed no significant differences among the three stages except for Pmax. Hydraulic traits, such as VD, leaf area to sapwood area ratio and vessel frequency, exhibited significant differences among different stages. Conclusions: Hydraulics may play an important role in the succession of woody plants in arid regions. Hydraulic traits and Pmax, should be combined to investigate succession of woody plants in future studies. The "fast-growing" characteristics of pioneer trees and "slow-growing" characteristics of late successional trees may induce the succession of woody plants.
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Chun JH, Lee CB. Temporal Changes in Species, Phylogenetic, and Functional Diversity of Temperate Tree Communities: Insights From Assembly Patterns. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:294. [PMID: 30941153 PMCID: PMC6433699 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Species-based approaches to the analysis of changes in successional community assemblages are limited in the ability to reflect long-term evolutionary and functional trait responses of organisms to environment change. Recent advances in concepts and analyses of community phylogenetics and functional traits have improved the interpretation and understanding of community assembly processes. Here, we examined phylogenetic signals of four functional traits such as maximum height, leaf size, seed mass and wood density in woody plant species and temporal changes in species, phylogenetic, and functional diversity among forest strata (i.e., whole, overstory, and understory strata) at four forest long term ecological research sites in South Korea. A census of woody plant species was implemented in a 1-ha permanent plot of each study site every 5 years. We analyzed community structure and compositional turnover using twenty-five 20 × 20 m2 quadrat data converted from 1-ha plot data of each site. We found that phylogenetic signals for four functional traits were low but significant, indicating that phylogenetic diversity may be used as a crude surrogate measure of functional diversity. Temporal changes in alpha and beta components of the three diversity differed among forest strata and four study sites over time. This study also revealed that the temporal changes of phylogenetic and functional diversity for understory strata in a forest, which were consecutively damaged by typhoon, were more extreme and larger than those of understory strata in the other sites. Therefore, our study supports recent studies that plant community structures differ among forest strata and such differences of community structure among sites can be accelerated by disturbance. Although the role and relative importance of niche-based deterministic and neutral processes for the patterns of successional community structure differed among the study sites, we found niche-based deterministic processes are the dominant drivers in structuring plant community assembly regardless of forest age and disturbance in this study. From these results, our study suggests that contemporary forest ecosystems are composed of mosaics of plant communities that are formed by interactions among various processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hwa Chun
- Research Planning and Coordination Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bae Lee
- Department of Forestry, Environment and Systems, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
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Gong Y, Ling H, Lv G, Chen Y, Guo Z, Cao J. Disentangling the influence of aridity and salinity on community functional and phylogenetic diversity in local dryland vegetation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:409-422. [PMID: 30412886 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the key hypothesized drivers of community assembly and dynamics is environmental filtering, where environmental stress limits species migration and survival as a result of functional trait convergence. Whereas most such studies focus on large-scale variation in functional traits along a single-factor environmental gradient, the mutual effects of small-scale multiple environmental filtering remain unclear. Furthermore, it has rarely been tested whether the combined effect of aridity and salinity on local dryland vegetation constrains the patterns of functional traits and phylogenetic structures. Across an 8-km long transect in the arid northwest of China, we assessed the role of environmental filtering in shaping community assemblages by testing the hypotheses that aridity and salinity stresses, interspecific competition and phylogenetic structures constrained functional diversity in the local dryland vegetation. Our results showed that aridity significantly increased convergence of the maximum plant height, specific leaf area, leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration. However, salinity significantly promoted the convergence of only leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration. In addition, interspecific competition increased the convergence of the maximum plant height and leaf area. Leaf area converged significantly due to phylogenetic history. Aridity filtering, but not salinity filtering, obviously increased the clustering of phylogenetic structure. Interspecific competition and phylogenetic structure had weak effects on functional diversity in local dryland vegetation. In conclusion, compared with salinity filtering, aridity filtering was more important in reducing phylogenetic diversity in dryland vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Gong
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresources in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi, China
| | - Hongbo Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Urumqi, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yue Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Zhenjie Guo
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
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27
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Yin Q, Wang L, Lei M, Dang H, Quan J, Tian T, Chai Y, Yue M. The relationships between leaf economics and hydraulic traits of woody plants depend on water availability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 621:245-252. [PMID: 29182967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Leaf economics and hydraulic traits are simultaneously involved in the process of trading water for CO2, but the relationships between these two suites of traits remain ambiguous. Recently, Li et al. (2015) reported that leaf economics and hydraulic traits were decoupled in five tropical-subtropical forests in China. We tested the hypothesis that the relationships between economics and hydraulic traits may depend on water availability. We analysed five leaf economics traits, four hydraulic traits and anatomical structures of 47 woody species on the Loess Plateau with poor water availability and compared those data with Li et al. (2015) obtained in tropical-subtropical regions with adequate water. The results showed that plants on the Loess Plateau tend to have higher leaf tissue density (TD), leaf nitrogen concentrations and venation density (VD) and lower stomatal guard cell length (SL) and maximum stomatal conductance to water vapour (gwmax). VD showed positive correlations with leaf nitrogen concentrations, palisade tissue thickness (PT) and ratio of palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness (PT/ST). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed a result opposite from those of tropical-subtropical regions: leaf economics and hydraulic traits were coupled on the Loess Plateau. A stable correlation between these two suites of traits may be more cost-effective on the Loess Plateau, where water availability is poor. The correlation of leaf economics and hydraulic traits may be a type of adaptation mechanism in arid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Maolin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Han Dang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiaxin Quan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tingting Tian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Xi' an City, Shaanxi Province, China.
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Xu J, Chen Y, Zhang L, Chai Y, Wang M, Guo Y, Li T, Yue M. Using phylogeny and functional traits for assessing community assembly along environmental gradients: A deterministic process driven by elevation. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:5056-5069. [PMID: 28770046 PMCID: PMC5528205 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Community assembly processes is the primary focus of community ecology. Using phylogenetic‐based and functional trait‐based methods jointly to explore these processes along environmental gradients are useful ways to explain the change of assembly mechanisms under changing world. Our study combined these methods to test assembly processes in wide range gradients of elevation and other habitat environmental factors. We collected our data at 40 plots in Taibai Mountain, China, with more than 2,300 m altitude difference in study area and then measured traits and environmental factors. Variance partitioning was used to distinguish the main environment factors leading to phylogeny and traits change among 40 plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to colligate other environment factors. Community assembly patterns along environmental gradients based on phylogenetic and functional methods were studied for exploring assembly mechanisms. Phylogenetic signal was calculated for each community along environmental gradients in order to detect the variation of trait performance on phylogeny. Elevation showed a better explanatory power than other environment factors for phylogenetic and most traits’ variance. Phylogenetic and several functional structure clustered at high elevation while some conserved traits overdispersed. Convergent tendency which might be caused by filtering or competition along elevation was detected based on functional traits. Leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf nitrogen content along PCA 1 axis showed conflicting patterns comparing to patterns showed on elevation. LDMC exhibited the strongest phylogenetic signal. Only the phylogenetic signal of maximum plant height showed explicable change along environmental gradients. Synthesis. Elevation is the best environment factors for predicting phylogeny and traits change. Plant's phylogenetic and some functional structures show environmental filtering in alpine region while it shows different assembly processes in middle‐ and low‐altitude region by different trait/phylogeny. The results highlight deterministic processes dominate community assembly in large‐scale environmental gradients. Performance of phylogeny and traits along gradients may be independent with each other. The novel method for calculating functional structure which we used in this study and the focus of phylogenetic signal change along gradients may provide more useful ways to detect community assembly mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Lixia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Yongfu Chai
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Mao Wang
- School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China.,College of Grassland and Environment Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural University Urumchi China
| | - Yaoxin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
| | - Ming Yue
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Northwest University) Ministry of Education Xi'an China.,School of Life Sciences Northwest University Xi'an China
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