1
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Park JS, Lee IB, Hong SC, Cho M. Label-Free Interference Imaging of Intracellular Trafficking. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1565-1576. [PMID: 38781567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular cargo trafficking is a highly regulated process responsible for transporting vital cellular components to their designated destinations. This intricate journey has been a central focus of cellular biology for many years. Early investigations leaned heavily on biochemical and genetic approaches, offering valuable insight into molecular mechanisms of cellular trafficking. However, while informative, these methods lack the capacity to capture the dynamic nature of intracellular trafficking. The advent of fluorescent protein tagging techniques transformed our ability to monitor the complete lifecycle of intracellular cargos, advancing our understanding. Yet, a central question remains: How do these cargos manage to navigate through traffic challenges, such as congestion, within the crowded cellular environment? Fluorescence-based imaging, though valuable, has inherent limitations when it comes to addressing the aforementioned question. It is prone to photobleaching, making long-term live-cell imaging challenging. Furthermore, they render unlabeled cellular constituents invisible, thereby missing critical environmental information. Notably, the unlabeled majority likely exerts a significant influence on the observed behavior of labeled molecules. These considerations underscore the necessity of developing complementary label-free imaging methods to overcome the limitations of fluorescence imaging or to integrate them synergistically.In this Account, we outline how label-free interference-based imaging has the potential to revolutionize the study of intracellular traffic by offering unprecedented levels of detail. We begin with a brief introduction to our previous findings in live-cell research enabled by interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, showcasing its aptitude and adeptness in elucidating intricate nanoscale intracellular structures. As we delved deeper into our exploration, we succeeded in the label-free visualization of the entire lifespan of nanoscale protein complexes known as nascent adhesions (NAs) and the dynamic events associated with adhesions within living cells. Our continuous efforts have led to the development of Dynamic Scattering-particle Localization Interference Microscopy (DySLIM), a generalized concept of cargo-localization iSCAT (CL-iSCAT). This label-free, high-speed imaging method, armed with iSCAT detection sensitivity, empowers us to capture quantitative and biophysical insights into cargo transport, providing a realistic view of the intricate nanoscale logistics occurring within living cells. Our in vivo studies demonstrate that intracellular cargos regularly contend with substantial traffic within the crowded cellular environment. Simultaneously, they employ inherent strategies for efficient cargo transport, such as collective migration and hitchhiking, to enhance overall transport rates─intriguingly paralleling the principle and practice of urban traffic management. We also highlight the synergistic benefits of combining DySLIM with chemical-selective fluorescent methods. This Account concludes with a "Conclusions and Outlook" section, outlining promising directions for future research and developments, with a particular emphasis on the functional application of iSCAT live-cell imaging. We aim to inspire further investigation into the efficient transport strategies employed by cells to surmount transportation challenges, shedding light on their significance in cellular phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Park
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Il-Buem Lee
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seok-Cheol Hong
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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2
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Ta DM, Aguilar A, Bon P. Label-free image scanning microscopy for kHz super-resolution imaging and single particle tracking. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:36420-36428. [PMID: 38017795 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We report the modification of a label-free image scanning microscope (ISM) to perform asynchronous 2D imaging at up to 24kHz while keeping the lateral resolution gain and background rejection of a regular label-free ISM setup. Our method uses a resonant mirror oscillating at 12kHz for one-direction scanning and a chromatic line for instantaneous scanning in the other direction. We adapt optical photon reassignment in this scanning regime to perform fully optical super-resolution imaging. We exploit the kHz imaging capabilities of this confocal imaging system for single nanoparticle tracking down to 20 nm for gold and 50 nm for silica particles as well as imaging freely moving Lactobacillus with improved resolution.
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3
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Mao W, Bui HTD, Cho W, Yoo HS. Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring stem cell and organoid proliferation in 3D environments for therapeutic development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 201:115074. [PMID: 37619771 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic techniques for monitoring stem cell and organoid proliferation have gained significant attention in therapeutic development. Spectroscopic techniques such as fluorescence, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy offer noninvasive and real-time monitoring of biochemical and biophysical changes that occur during stem cell and organoid proliferation. These techniques provide valuable insight into the underlying mechanisms of action of potential therapeutic agents, allowing for improved drug discovery and screening. This review highlights the importance of spectroscopic monitoring of stem cell and organoid proliferation and its potential impact on therapeutic development. Furthermore, this review discusses recent advances in spectroscopic techniques and their applications in stem cell and organoid research. Overall, this review emphasizes the importance of spectroscopic techniques as valuable tools for studying stem cell and organoid proliferation and their potential to revolutionize therapeutic development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoai-Thuong Duc Bui
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanho Cho
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk Sang Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Institue of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Ebrahimi S, Moreno-Pescador G, Persson S, Jauffred L, Bendix PM. Label-free optical interferometric microscopy to characterize morphodynamics in living plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1156478. [PMID: 37284726 PMCID: PMC10239806 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1156478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During the last century, fluorescence microscopy has played a pivotal role in a range of scientific discoveries. The success of fluorescence microscopy has prevailed despite several shortcomings like measurement time, photobleaching, temporal resolution, and specific sample preparation. To bypass these obstacles, label-free interferometric methods have been developed. Interferometry exploits the full wavefront information of laser light after interaction with biological material to yield interference patterns that contain information about structure and activity. Here, we review recent studies in interferometric imaging of plant cells and tissues, using techniques such as biospeckle imaging, optical coherence tomography, and digital holography. These methods enable quantification of cell morphology and dynamic intracellular measurements over extended periods of time. Recent investigations have showcased the potential of interferometric techniques for precise identification of seed viability and germination, plant diseases, plant growth and cell texture, intracellular activity and cytoplasmic transport. We envision that further developments of these label-free approaches, will allow for high-resolution, dynamic imaging of plants and their organelles, ranging in scales from sub-cellular to tissue and from milliseconds to hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Ebrahimi
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guillermo Moreno-Pescador
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Staffan Persson
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liselotte Jauffred
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Poul Martin Bendix
- Biocomplexity, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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5
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Küppers M, Albrecht D, Kashkanova AD, Lühr J, Sandoghdar V. Confocal interferometric scattering microscopy reveals 3D nanoscopic structure and dynamics in live cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1962. [PMID: 37029107 PMCID: PMC10081331 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bright-field light microscopy and related phase-sensitive techniques play an important role in life sciences because they provide facile and label-free insights into biological specimens. However, lack of three-dimensional imaging and low sensitivity to nanoscopic features hamper their application in many high-end quantitative studies. Here, we demonstrate that interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy operated in the confocal mode provides unique label-free solutions for live-cell studies. We reveal the nanometric topography of the nuclear envelope, quantify the dynamics of the endoplasmic reticulum, detect single microtubules, and map nanoscopic diffusion of clathrin-coated pits undergoing endocytosis. Furthermore, we introduce the combination of confocal and wide-field iSCAT modalities for simultaneous imaging of cellular structures and high-speed tracking of nanoscopic entities such as single SARS-CoV-2 virions. We benchmark our findings against simultaneously acquired fluorescence images. Confocal iSCAT can be readily implemented as an additional contrast mechanism in existing laser scanning microscopes. The method is ideally suited for live studies on primary cells that face labeling challenges and for very long measurements beyond photobleaching times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Küppers
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Albrecht
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna D Kashkanova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Lühr
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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6
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Østerlund I, Persson S, Nikoloski Z. Tracing and tracking filamentous structures across scales: A systematic review. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:452-462. [PMID: 36618983 PMCID: PMC9804014 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous structures are ubiquitous in nature, are studied in diverse scientific fields, and span vastly different spatial scales. Filamentous structures in biological systems fulfill different functions and often form dynamic networks that respond to perturbations. Therefore, characterizing the properties of filamentous structures and the networks they form is important to gain better understanding of systems level functions and dynamics. Filamentous structures are captured by various imaging technologies, and analysis of the resulting imaging data addresses two problems: (i) identification (tracing) of filamentous structures in a single snapshot and (ii) characterizing the dynamics (i.e., tracking) of filamentous structures over time. Therefore, considerable research efforts have been made in developing automated methods for tracing and tracking of filamentous structures. Here, we provide a systematic review in which we present, categorize, and discuss the state-of-the-art methods for tracing and tracking of filamentous structures in sparse and dense networks. We highlight the mathematical approaches, assumptions, and constraints particular for each method, allowing us to pinpoint outstanding challenges and offer perspectives for future research aimed at gaining better understanding of filamentous structures in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Østerlund
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark,,Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Staffan Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Zoran Nikoloski
- Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany,Systems Biology and Mathematical Modeling, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, 14476 Potsdam, Germany,Corresponding author at: Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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7
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Mahmud MS, Ruh D, Rohrbach A. ROCS microscopy with distinct zero-order blocking. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:44339-44349. [PMID: 36522860 DOI: 10.1364/oe.467966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Research in modern light microscopy continuously seeks to improve spatial and temporal resolution in combination with user-friendly, cost-effective imaging systems. Among different label-free imaging approaches, Rotating Coherent Scattering (ROCS) microscopy in darkfield mode achieves superior resolution and contrast without image reconstructions, which is especially helpful in life cell experiments. Here we demonstrate how to achieve 145 nm resolution with an amplitude transmission mask for spatial filtering. This mask blocks the reflected 0-th order focus at 12 distinct positions, thereby increasing the effective aperture for the light back-scattered from the object. We further show how angular correlation analysis between coherent raw images helps to estimate the information content from different illumination directions.
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8
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Hyperbolic material enhanced scattering nanoscopy for label-free super-resolution imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6631. [PMID: 36333375 PMCID: PMC9636421 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence super-resolution microscopy has, over the last two decades, been extensively developed to access deep-subwavelength nanoscales optically. Label-free super-resolution technologies however have only achieved a slight improvement compared to the diffraction limit. In this context, we demonstrate a label-free imaging method, i.e., hyperbolic material enhanced scattering (HMES) nanoscopy, which breaks the diffraction limit by tailoring the light-matter interaction between the specimens and a hyperbolic material substrate. By exciting the highly confined evanescent hyperbolic polariton modes with dark-field detection, HMES nanoscopy successfully shows a high-contrast scattering image with a spatial resolution around 80 nm. Considering the wavelength at 532 nm and detection optics with a 0.6 numerical aperture (NA) objective lens, this value represents a 5.5-fold resolution improvement beyond the diffraction limit. HMES provides capabilities for super-resolution imaging where fluorescence is not available or challenging to apply.
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9
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100 Hz ROCS microscopy correlated with fluorescence reveals cellular dynamics on different spatiotemporal scales. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1758. [PMID: 35365619 PMCID: PMC8975811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29091-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence techniques dominate the field of live-cell microscopy, but bleaching and motion blur from too long integration times limit dynamic investigations of small objects. High contrast, label-free life-cell imaging of thousands of acquisitions at 160 nm resolution and 100 Hz is possible by Rotating Coherent Scattering (ROCS) microscopy, where intensity speckle patterns from all azimuthal illumination directions are added up within 10 ms. In combination with fluorescence, we demonstrate the performance of improved Total Internal Reflection (TIR)-ROCS with variable illumination including timescale decomposition and activity mapping at five different examples: millisecond reorganization of macrophage actin cortex structures, fast degranulation and pore opening in mast cells, nanotube dynamics between cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts, thermal noise driven binding behavior of virus-sized particles at cells, and, bacterial lectin dynamics at the cortex of lung cells. Using analysis methods we present here, we decipher how motion blur hides cellular structures and how slow structure motions cover decisive fast motions.
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10
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Shi R, Chen X, Huo J, Guo S, Smith ZJ, Chu K. Epi-illumination dark-field microscopy enables direct visualization of unlabeled small organisms with high spatial and temporal resolution. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202100185. [PMID: 34480418 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dark-field microscopy is known to offer both high resolution and direct visualization of thin samples. However, its performance and optimization on thick samples is under-explored and so far, only meso-scale information from whole organisms has been demonstrated. In this work, we carefully investigate the difference between trans- and epi-illumination configurations. Our findings suggest that the epi-illumination configuration is superior in both contrast and fidelity compared to trans-illumination, while having the added advantage of experimental simplicity and an "open top" for experimental intervention. Guided by the theoretical analysis, we constructed an epi-illumination dark-field microscope with measured lateral and axial resolutions of 260 nm and 520 nm, respectively. Subcellular structures in whole organisms were directly visualized without the need for image reconstruction, and further confirmed via simultaneous fluorescence imaging. With an imaging speed of 20 to 50 fps, we visualize fast dynamic processes such as cell division and pharyngeal pumping in Caenorhabditis elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Shi
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Huo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Siyue Guo
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei, China
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11
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Priest L, Peters JS, Kukura P. Scattering-based Light Microscopy: From Metal Nanoparticles to Single Proteins. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11937-11970. [PMID: 34587448 PMCID: PMC8517954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Our ability to detect, image, and quantify nanoscopic objects and molecules with visible light has undergone dramatic improvements over the past few decades. While fluorescence has historically been the go-to contrast mechanism for ultrasensitive light microscopy due to its superior background suppression and specificity, recent developments based on light scattering have reached single-molecule sensitivity. They also have the advantages of universal applicability and the ability to obtain information about the species of interest beyond its presence and location. Many of the recent advances are driven by novel approaches to illumination, detection, and background suppression, all aimed at isolating and maximizing the signal of interest. Here, we review these developments grouped according to the basic principles used, namely darkfield imaging, interferometric detection, and surface plasmon resonance microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical
Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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12
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Courrèges C, Bonnecaze M, Flahaut D, Nolivos S, Grimaud R, Allouche J. AES and ToF-SIMS combination for single cell chemical imaging of gold nanoparticle-labeled Escherichia coli. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5446-5449. [PMID: 33950059 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemical fingerprint of the Escherichia coli cell surface labeled by gelatin coated gold nanoparticles was obtained by combining Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) for single cell level chemical images, and Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) Tandem MS for unambiguous molecular identification of co-localized species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Courrèges
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Mélanie Bonnecaze
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Delphine Flahaut
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Sophie Nolivos
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), Avenue de l'Université, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Régis Grimaud
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), Avenue de l'Université, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Joachim Allouche
- Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et Physico-Chimie Pour l'Environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), 2 avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France
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13
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Saguy A, Jünger F, Peleg A, Ferdman B, Nehme E, Rohrbach A, Shechtman Y. Deep-ROCS: from speckle patterns to superior-resolved images by deep learning in rotating coherent scattering microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:23877-23887. [PMID: 34614644 DOI: 10.1364/oe.424730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rotating coherent scattering (ROCS) microscopy is a label-free imaging technique that overcomes the optical diffraction limit by adding up the scattered laser light from a sample obliquely illuminated from different angles. Although ROCS imaging achieves 150 nm spatial and 10 ms temporal resolution, simply summing different speckle patterns may cause loss of sample information. In this paper we present Deep-ROCS, a neural network-based technique that generates a superior-resolved image by efficient numerical combination of a set of differently illuminated images. We show that Deep-ROCS can reconstruct super-resolved images more accurately than conventional ROCS microscopy, retrieving high-frequency information from a small number (6) of speckle images. We demonstrate the performance of Deep-ROCS experimentally on 200 nm beads and by computer simulations, where we show its potential for even more complex structures such as a filament network.
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14
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Zheng Y, Montague SJ, Lim YJ, Xu T, Xu T, Gardiner EE, Lee WM. Label-free multimodal quantitative imaging flow assay for intrathrombus formation in vitro. Biophys J 2021; 120:791-804. [PMID: 33513336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics in vitro assays recapitulate a blood vessel microenvironment using surface-immobilized agonists under biofluidic flows. However, these assays do not quantify intrathrombus mass and activities of adhesive platelets at the agonist margin and use fluorescence labeling, therefore limiting clinical translation potential. Here, we describe a label-free multimodal quantitative imaging flow assay that combines rotating optical coherent scattering microscopy and quantitative phase microscopy. The combined imaging platform enables real-time evaluation of membrane fluctuations of adhesive-only platelets and total intrathrombus mass under physiological flow rates in vitro. We call this multimodal quantitative imaging flow assay coherent optical scattering and phase interferometry (COSI). COSI records intrathrombus mass to picogram accuracy and shape changes to a platelet membrane with high spatial-temporal resolution (0.4 μm/s) under physiological and pathophysiological fluid shear stress (1800 and 7500 s-1). With COSI, we generate an axial slice of 4 μm from the coverslip surface, approximately equivalent to the thickness of a single platelet, which permits nanoscale quantification of membrane fluctuation (activity) of adhesive platelets during initial adhesion, spreading, and recruitment into a developing thrombus (mass). Under fluid shear, pretreatment with a broad range metalloproteinase inhibitor (250 μM GM6001) blocked shedding of platelet adhesion receptors that shown elevated adhesive platelet activity at average of 42.1 μm/s and minimal change in intrathrombus mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zheng
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Samantha J Montague
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Yean J Lim
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research; ACRF Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy
| | - Tao Xu
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Tienan Xu
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Elizabeth E Gardiner
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research
| | - Woei Ming Lee
- ACRF Department of Cancer Biology and Therapeutics, John Curtin School of Medical Research; ACRF Centre for Intravital Imaging of Niches for Cancer Immune Therapy; The ARC Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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15
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Kuai Y, Xie Z, Chen J, Gui H, Xu L, Kuang C, Wang P, Liu X, Liu J, Lakowicz JR, Zhang D. Real-Time Measurement of the Hygroscopic Growth Dynamics of Single Aerosol Nanoparticles with Bloch Surface Wave Microscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9136-9144. [PMID: 32649174 PMCID: PMC7673255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c04513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The growth in aerosol particles caused by water uptake during increasing ambient relative humidity alters the physical and chemical properties of aerosols, which then affects public health, atmospheric chemistry, and the Earth's climate. The temporal resolution and sensitivity of current techniques are not sufficient to measure the growth dynamics of single aerosol nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific time required for phase transition from solid to aqueous has not been measured. Here, we describe a label-free photonic microscope that uses the Bloch surface waves as the illumination source for imaging and sensing to provide real-time measurements of the hygroscopic growth dynamics of a single aerosol (diameter <100 nm) containing the main components of air pollution. This specific time can be measured for both pure and mixed aerosols, showing that organics will delay the phase transition. This photonic microscope can be extended to investigate physicochemical reactions of various aerosols, and then knowing this specific time will be favorable for understanding the reaction kinetics among single aerosols and the surrounding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kuai
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Junxue Chen
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Joseph R Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province and Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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16
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Roth J, Mehl J, Rohrbach A. Fast TIRF-SIM imaging of dynamic, low-fluorescent biological samples. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4008-4026. [PMID: 33014582 PMCID: PMC7510889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.391561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is the standard imaging technique to investigate the structures and dynamics of living cells. However, increasing the spatial resolution comes at the cost of temporal resolution and vice versa. In addition, the number of images that can be taken in sufficiently high quality is limited by fluorescence bleaching. Hence, super-resolved imaging at several Hertz of low fluorescent biological samples is still a big challenge and, especially in structured illumination microscopy (SIM), is often visible as imaging artifacts. In this paper, we present a TIRF-SIM system based on scan-mirrors and a Michelson interferometer, which generates images at 110 nm spatial resolution and up to 8 Hz temporal resolution. High resolution becomes possible by optimizing the illumination interference contrast, even for low fluorescent, moving samples. We provide a framework and guidelines on how the modulation contrast, which depends on laser coherence, polarization, beam displacement or sample movements, can be mapped over the entire field of view. In addition, we characterize the influence of the signal-to-noise ratio and the Wiener filtering on the quality of reconstructed SIM images, both in real and frequency space. Our results are supported by theoretical descriptions containing the parameters leading to image artifacts. This study aims to help microscopists to better understand and adjust optical parameters for structured illumination, thereby leading to more trustworthy measurements and analyses of biological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Roth
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Mehl
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Applied Mechanobiology, Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Ströhl F, Opstad IS, Tinguely JC, Dullo FT, Mela I, Osterrieth JWM, Ahluwalia BS, Kaminski CF. Super-condenser enables labelfree nanoscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:25280-25292. [PMID: 31510402 PMCID: PMC6825610 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.025280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Labelfree nanoscopy encompasses optical imaging with resolution in the 100 nm range using visible wavelengths. Here, we present a labelfree nanoscopy method that combines coherent imaging techniques with waveguide microscopy to realize a super-condenser featuring maximally inclined coherent darkfield illumination with artificially stretched wave vectors due to large refractive indices of the employed Si3N4 waveguide material. We produce the required coherent plane wave illumination for Fourier ptychography over imaging areas 400 μm2 in size via adiabatically tapered single-mode waveguides and tackle the overlap constraints of the Fourier ptychography phase retrieval algorithm two-fold: firstly, the directionality of the illumination wave vector is changed sequentially via a multiplexed input structure of the waveguide chip layout and secondly, the wave vector modulus is shortend via step-wise increases of the illumination light wavelength over the visible spectrum. We test the method in simulations and in experiments and provide details on the underlying image formation theory as well as the reconstruction algorithm. While the generated Fourier ptychography reconstructions are found to be prone to image artefacts, an alternative coherent imaging method, rotating coherent scattering microscopy (ROCS), is found to be more robust against artefacts but with less achievable resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Ströhl
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø,
Norway
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ida S. Opstad
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø,
Norway
| | - Jean-Claude Tinguely
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø,
Norway
| | - Firehun T. Dullo
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø,
Norway
| | - Ioanna Mela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes W. M. Osterrieth
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Balpreet S. Ahluwalia
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, NO-9037 Tromsø,
Norway
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, CB3 0AS Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Xia A, Yang S, Zhang R, Ni L, Xing X, Jin F. Imaging the Separation Distance between the Attached Bacterial Cells and the Surface with a Total Internal Reflection Dark-Field Microscope. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:8860-8866. [PMID: 31194567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The attachment of bacterial cells to a surface is implicated in the formation of biofilms. Although the surface-related behaviors in this process, such as single cell motility and surface sensing, have been investigated intensively, the precise information of separation distance between the attached cells and the surface has remained unclear. Here, we set a prism-based total internal reflection dark-field microscope (p-TIRDFM) combined with the microfluidic method to image the separation distance of single attached cells. We directly observed that bacterial cells attached to the surface with one nearest touchpoint, and it gradually changed to two touchpoints, respectively, for the two offspring with the cell division. We first monitored the fluctuation of the relative distance on nanometer scale when cells twitch on a surface and further established the relationship between the twitching velocity and the separation distance. The results indicated that the moving cells are a considerable distance apart from the surface and the separation distance fluctuated more widely than immobile cells.
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19
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Label-free Imaging and Bending Analysis of Microtubules by ROCS Microscopy and Optical Trapping. Biophys J 2019; 114:168-177. [PMID: 29320684 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical manipulation of single cytoskeleton filaments and their monitoring over long times is difficult because of fluorescence bleaching or phototoxic protein degradation. The integration of label-free microscopy techniques, capable of imaging freely diffusing, weak scatterers such as microtubules (MTs) in real-time, and independent of their orientation, with optical trapping and tracking systems, would allow many new applications. Here, we show that rotating-coherent-scattering microscopy (ROCS) in dark-field mode can also provide strong contrast for structures far from the coverslip such as arrangements of isolated MTs and networks. We could acquire thousands of images over up to 30 min without loss in image contrast or visible photodamage. We further demonstrate the combination of ROCS imaging with fast and nanometer-precise 3D interferometric back-focal-plane tracking of multiple beads in time-shared optical traps using acoustooptic deflectors to specifically construct and microrheologically probe small microtubule networks with well-defined geometries. Thereby, we explore the frequency-dependent elastic response of single microtubule filaments between 0.5 Hz and 5 kHz, which allows for investigating their viscoelastic response up to the fourth-order bending mode. Our spectral analysis reveals constant filament stiffness at low frequencies and frequency-dependent stiffening following a power law ∼ωp with a length-dependent exponent p(L). We find further evidence for the dependence of the MT persistence length on the contour length L, which is still controversially debated. We could also demonstrate slower stiffening at high frequencies for longer filaments, which we believe is determined by the molecular architecture of the MT. Our results shed new light on the nanomechanics of this essential, multifunctional cytoskeletal element and pose new questions about the adaptability of the cytoskeleton.
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20
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Roth J, Koch MD, Rohrbach A. Dynamics of a Protein Chain Motor Driving Helical Bacteria under Stress. Biophys J 2019; 114:1955-1969. [PMID: 29694872 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The wall-less, helical bacterial genus Spiroplasma has a unique propulsion system; it is not driven by propeller-like flagella but by a membrane-bound, cytoplasmic, linear motor that consists of a contractile chain of identical proteins spanning the entire cell length. By a coordinated spread of conformational changes of the proteins, kinks propagate in pairs along the cell body. However, the mechanisms for the initiation or delay of kinks and their coordinated spread remain unclear. Here, we show how we manipulate the initiation of kinks, their propagation velocities, and the time between two kinks for a single cell trapped in an optical line potential. By interferometric three-dimensional shape tracking, we measured the cells' deformations in response to various external stress situations. We observed a significant dependency of force generation on the cells' local ligand concentrations (likely ATP) and ligand hydrolysis, which we altered in different ways. We developed a mechanistic, mathematical model based on Kramer's rates, describing the subsequent cooperative and conformational switching of the chain's proteins. The model reproduces our experimental observations and can explain deformation characteristics even when the motor is driven to its extreme. Nature has invented a set of minimalistic mechanical driving concepts. To understand or even rebuild them, it is essential to reveal the molecular mechanisms of such protein chain motors, which need only two components-coupled proteins and ligands-to function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Roth
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias D Koch
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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21
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Kuai Y, Chen J, Tang X, Xiang Y, Lu F, Kuang C, Xu L, Shen W, Cheng J, Gui H, Zou G, Wang P, Ming H, Liu J, Liu X, Lakowicz JR, Zhang D. Label-free surface-sensitive photonic microscopy with high spatial resolution using azimuthal rotation illumination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav5335. [PMID: 30944860 PMCID: PMC6440756 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance microscopy (SPRM) with single-direction illumination is a powerful platform for biomedical imaging because of its wide-field, label-free, and high-surface-sensitivity imaging capabilities. However, two disadvantages prevent wider use of SPRM. The first is its poor spatial resolution that can be as large as several micrometers. The second is that SPRM requires use of metal films as sample substrates; this introduces working wavelength limitations. In addition, cell culture growth on metal films is not as universally available as growth on dielectric substrates. Here we show that use of azimuthal rotation illumination allows SPRM spatial resolution to be enhanced by up to an order of magnitude. The metal film can also be replaced by a dielectric multilayer and then a different label-free surface-sensitive photonic microscopy is developed, which has more choices in terms of the working wavelength, polarization, and imaging section, and will bring opportunities for applications in biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kuai
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Junxue Chen
- School of Science, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan 621010, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yifeng Xiang
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Fengya Lu
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Cuifang Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Liang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weidong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junjie Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Huaqiao Gui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Gang Zou
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, iChEM, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hai Ming
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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22
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Nizamudeen Z, Markus R, Lodge R, Parmenter C, Platt M, Chakrabarti L, Sottile V. Rapid and accurate analysis of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with super resolution microscopy and live imaging. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1891-1900. [PMID: 30290236 PMCID: PMC6203808 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have prevalent roles in cancer biology and regenerative medicine. Conventional techniques for characterising EVs including electron microscopy (EM), nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and tuneable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS), have been reported to produce high variability in particle count (EM) and poor sensitivity in detecting EVs below 50 nm in size (NTA and TRPS), making accurate and unbiased EV analysis technically challenging. This study introduces direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (d-STORM) as an efficient and reliable characterisation approach for stem cell-derived EVs. Using a photo-switchable lipid dye, d-STORM imaging enabled rapid detection of EVs down to 20-30 nm in size with higher sensitivity and lower variability compared to EM, NTA and TRPS techniques. Imaging of EV uptake by live stem cells in culture further confirmed the potential of this approach for downstream cell biology applications and for the analysis of vesicle-based cell-cell communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair Nizamudeen
- Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert Markus
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Rhys Lodge
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, UK
| | | | - Virginie Sottile
- Wolfson STEM Centre, Division of Cancer & Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
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23
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Jünger F, Rohrbach A. Strong cytoskeleton activity on millisecond timescales upon particle binding revealed by ROCS microscopy. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2018; 75:410-424. [PMID: 30019494 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells change their shape within seconds, cellular protrusions even on subsecond timescales enabling various responses to stimuli of approaching bacteria, viruses or pharmaceutical drugs. Typical response patterns are governed by a complex reorganization of the actin cortex, where single filaments and molecules act on even faster timescales. These dynamics have remained mostly invisible due to a superposition of slow and fast motions, but also due to a lack of adequate imaging technology. Whereas fluorescence techniques require too long integration times, novel coherent techniques such as ROCS microscopy can achieve sufficiently high spatiotemporal resolution. ROCS uses rotating back-scattered laser light from cellular structures and generates a consistently high image contrast at 150 nm resolution and frame rates of 100 Hz-without fluorescence or bleaching. Here, we present an extension of ROCS microscopy that exploits the principles of dynamic light scattering for precise localization, visualization and quantification of the cytoskeleton activity of mouse macrophages. The locally observed structural reorganization processes, encoded by dynamic speckle patterns, occur upon distinct mechanical stimuli, such as soft contacts with optically trapped beads. We find that a substantial amount of the near-membrane cytoskeleton activity takes place on millisecond timescales, which is much faster than reported ever before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Jünger
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Kashekodi AB, Meinert T, Michiels R, Rohrbach A. Miniature scanning light-sheet illumination implemented in a conventional microscope. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 9:4263-4274. [PMID: 30615716 PMCID: PMC6157761 DOI: 10.1364/boe.9.004263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are highly dynamic systems responding to a large variety of biochemical and mechanical stimuli over minutes, which are well controlled by e.g. optical tweezers. However, live cell investigation through fluorescence microscopy is usually limited not only by the spatial and temporal imaging resolution but also by fluorophore bleaching. Therefore, we designed a miniature light-sheet illumination system that is implemented in a conventional inverted microscope equipped with optical tweezers and interferometric tracking to capture 3D images of living macrophages at reduced bleaching. The horizontal light-sheet is generated with a 0.12 mm small cantilevered mirror placed at 45° to the detection axis. The objective launched illumination beam is reflected by the micro-mirror and illuminates the sample perpendicular to the detection axis. Lateral and axial scanning of both Gaussian and Bessel beams, together with an electrically tunable lens for fast focusing, enables rapid 3D image capture without moving the sample or the objective lens. Using scanned Bessel beams and line-confocal detection, an average axial resolution of 0.8 µm together with a 10-15 fold improved image contrast is achieved.
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25
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Förster R, Müller W, Richter R, Heintzmann R. Automated distinction of shearing and distortion artefacts in structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20680-20694. [PMID: 30119374 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Any motion during an image acquisition leads to an artefact in the final image. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) combines several raw images into one high-resolution image and is thus particularly prone to these motion artefacts. Their unpredictable shape cannot easily be distinguished from real high-resolution content. We previously implemented a motion detection specifically for SIM, which had two shortcomings which are solved here. First, the brightness dependency of the motion signal is removed. Second, the empirical threshold of the calculated motion signal was not a threshold at a maximum allowed artefact. Here we investigate which artefacts are still acceptable and which linear movement creates them. Thus, the motion signal is linked with the maximal strength of the expected artefact. A signal-to-noise analysis including classification successfully distinguishes between artefact-free imaging, shearing and distortion artefacts in biological specimens. A shearing, as in wide-field microscopy, is the dominant reconstruction artefact, while distortions arise not until surprisingly fast movements.
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26
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Maire G, Giovannini H, Talneau A, Chaumet PC, Belkebir K, Sentenac A. Phase imaging and synthetic aperture super-resolution via total internal reflection microscopy. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:2173-2176. [PMID: 29714782 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Total internal reflection microscopy is mainly used in its fluorescence mode and is the reference technique to image fluorescent proteins in the vicinity of cell membranes. Here, we show that this technique can easily become a phase microscope by simply detecting the coherent signal resulting from the interference between the field scattered by the probed sample and the total internal reflection. Moreover, combining several illumination angles permits generating synthetic aperture reconstructions with improved resolutions compared to standard label-free microscopy techniques.
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27
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Ma Y, Li D, Smith ZJ, Li D, Chu K. Structured illumination microscopy with interleaved reconstruction (SIMILR). JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700090. [PMID: 28703465 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) is the commonly used super-resolution (SR) technique for imaging subcellular dynamics. However, due to its need for multiple illumination patterns, the frame rate is just a fraction of that of conventional microscopy and is thus too slow for fast dynamic studies. A new SR image reconstruction method that maximizes the use of each subframe of the acquisition series is proposed for improving the super-resolved frame rate by N times for N illumination directions. The method requires no changes in raw data and is appropriate for many versions of SIM setup, including those implementing fast illumination pattern generation mechanism based on spatial light modulator or digital micromirror device. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through imaging the highly dynamic endoplasmic reticulum where continuous rapid growths or shape changes of tiny structures are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ma
- Precision Machinery & Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Di Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zachary J Smith
- Precision Machinery & Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiqin Chu
- Precision Machinery & Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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28
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Chen CW, Wang PH, Chou LJ, Lee YY, Chang BJ, Chiang SY. High-resolution light-scattering imaging with two-dimensional hexagonal illumination patterns: system implementation and image reconstruction formulations. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:21652-21672. [PMID: 29041461 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) was recently adapted to coherent imaging, named structured oblique-illumination microscopy (SOIM), to improve the contrast and resolution of a light-scattering image. Herein, we present high-resolution laterally isotropic SOIM imaging with 2D hexagonal illuminations. The SOIM is implemented in a SIM fluorescence system based on a spatial-light modulator (SLM). We design an SLM pattern to generate diffraction beams at 0° and ± 60.3° simultaneously to form a 2D hexagonal illumination, and undertake calculations to obtain optimal SLM shifts at 19 phases to yield a reconstructed image correctly. Beams of linear and circular polarizations are used to show the effect of polarization on the resolution improvement. We derive the distributions of the electric field of the resultant hexagonal patterns and work out the formulations of the corresponding coherent-scattering imaging for image reconstruction. The reconstructed images of gold nanoparticles (100 nm) confirm the two-fold improvement of resolution and reveal the effect of polarization on resolving adjacent nanoparticles. To demonstrate biological applications, we present the cellular structures of a label-free fixed HeLa cell with improved contrast and resolution. This work enables one to perform high-resolution dual-mode - fluorescence and light-scattering - imaging in a system, and is expected to broaden the applications of SOIM.
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Olson AP, Spies KB, Browning AC, Soneral PAG, Lindquist NC. Chemically imaging bacteria with super-resolution SERS on ultra-thin silver substrates. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9135. [PMID: 28831104 PMCID: PMC5567233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08915-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmonic hotspots generate a blinking Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) effect that can be processed using Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) algorithms for super-resolved imaging. Furthermore, by imaging through a diffraction grating, STORM algorithms can be modified to extract a full SERS spectrum, thereby capturing spectral as well as spatial content simultaneously. Here we demonstrate SERS and STORM combined in this way for super-resolved chemical imaging using an ultra-thin silver substrate. Images of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria taken with this technique show excellent agreement with scanning electron microscope images, high spatial resolution at <50 nm, and spectral SERS content that can be correlated to different regions. This may be used to identify unique chemical signatures of various cells. Finally, because we image through as-deposited, ultra-thin silver films, this technique requires no nanofabrication beyond a single deposition and looks at the cell samples from below. This allows direct imaging of the cell/substrate interface of thick specimens or imaging samples in turbid or opaque liquids since the optical path doesn’t pass through the sample. These results show promise that super-resolution chemical imaging may be used to differentiate chemical signatures from cells and could be applied to other biological structures of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeli P Olson
- Physics Department, Bethel University, St Paul, MN, 55112, USA
| | - Kelsey B Spies
- Biology Department, Bethel University, St Paul, MN, 55112, USA
| | - Anna C Browning
- Biology Department, Bethel University, St Paul, MN, 55112, USA
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30
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Birk U, Hase JV, Cremer C. Super-resolution microscopy with very large working distance by means of distributed aperture illumination. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3685. [PMID: 28623362 PMCID: PMC5473833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The limits of conventional light microscopy ("Abbe-Limit") depend critically on the numerical aperture (NA) of the objective lens. Imaging at large working distances or a large field-of-view typically requires low NA objectives, thereby reducing the optical resolution to the multi micrometer range. Based on numerical simulations of the intensity field distribution, we present an illumination concept for a super-resolution microscope which allows a three dimensional (3D) optical resolution around 150 nm for working distances up to the centimeter regime. In principle, the system allows great flexibility, because the illumination concept can be used to approximate the point-spread-function of conventional microscope optics, with the additional benefit of a customizable pupil function. Compared with the Abbe-limit using an objective lens with such a large working distance, a volume resolution enhancement potential in the order of 104 is estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Birk
- Superresolution Microscopy, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department University Mainz (JGU), D-55128, Mainz, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University Heidelberg, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johann V Hase
- Institute of Pharmacy&Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University Heidelberg, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Cremer
- Superresolution Microscopy, Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Physics Department University Mainz (JGU), D-55128, Mainz, Germany.
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University Heidelberg, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Institute of Pharmacy&Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), University Heidelberg, D-69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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