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Gucký A, Hamuľaková S. Targeting Biometals in Alzheimer's Disease with Metal Chelating Agents Including Coumarin Derivatives. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:507-532. [PMID: 38829443 PMCID: PMC11182807 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Numerous physiological processes happening in the human body, including cerebral development and function, require the participation of biometal ions such as iron, copper, and zinc. Their dyshomeostasis may, however, contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and potentially other neurodegenerative diseases. Chelation of biometal ions is therefore a therapeutic strategy against AD. This review provides a survey of natural and synthetic chelating agents that are or could potentially be used to target the metal hypothesis of AD. Since metal dyshomeostasis is not the only pathological aspect of AD, and the nature of this disorder is very complex and multifactiorial, the most efficient therapeutics should target as many neurotoxic factors as possible. Various coumarin derivatives match this description and apart from being able to chelate metal ions, they exhibit the capacity to inhibit cholinesterases (ChEs) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) while also possessing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and numerous other beneficial effects. Compounds based on the coumarin scaffold therefore represent a desirable class of anti-AD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Gucký
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Slávka Hamuľaková
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 040 01, Kosice, Slovak Republic.
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2
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Sharma S, Baral M, Kanungo BK. Recent advances in therapeutical applications of the versatile hydroxypyridinone chelators. J INCL PHENOM MACRO 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10847-021-01114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Kim M, Park MH, Nam G, Lee M, Kang J, Song IS, Choi MK, Jin HK, Bae JS, Lim MH. A Glycosylated Prodrug to Attenuate Neuroinflammation and Improve Cognitive Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Transgenic Mice. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:101-112. [PMID: 33241681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report a prodrug, Glu-DAPPD, to overcome the shortcomings of an anti-neuroinflammatory molecule, N,N'-diacetyl-p-phenylenediamine (DAPPD), in biological applicability for potential therapeutic applications. We suspect that Glu-DAPPD can release DAPPD through endogenous enzymatic bioconversion. Consequently, Glu-DAPPD exhibits in vivo efficacies in alleviating neuroinflammation, reducing amyloid-β aggregate accumulation, and improving cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease transgenic mice. Our studies demonstrate that the prodrug approach is suitable and effective toward developing drug candidates against neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Park
- KNU Alzheimer's disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Geewoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhye Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Technical Support Center, Office of Research Affairs, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Im-Sook Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheon-an 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Jin
- KNU Alzheimer's disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Bae
- KNU Alzheimer's disease Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Science, BK21 Plus Kyungpook National University Biomedical Convergence Program, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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4
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Ejaz HW, Wang W, Lang M. Copper Toxicity Links to Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Therapeutics Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7660. [PMID: 33081348 PMCID: PMC7589751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-related progressive neurological disorder, and the most common type of dementia in aged people. Neuropathological lesions of AD are neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and senile plaques comprise the accumulated amyloid-beta (Aβ), loaded with metal ions including Cu, Fe, or Zn. Some reports have identified metal dyshomeostasis as a neurotoxic factor of AD, among which Cu ions seem to be a central cationic metal in the formation of plaque and soluble oligomers, and have an essential role in the AD pathology. Cu-Aβ complex catalyzes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative damage. Several studies have indicated that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AD. The connection of copper levels in AD is still ambiguous, as some researches indicate a Cu deficiency, while others show its higher content in AD, and therefore there is a need to increase and decrease its levels in animal models, respectively, to study which one is the cause. For more than twenty years, many in vitro studies have been devoted to identifying metals' roles in Aβ accumulation, oxidative damage, and neurotoxicity. Towards the end, a short review of the modern therapeutic approach in chelation therapy, with the main focus on Cu ions, is discussed. Despite the lack of strong proofs of clinical advantage so far, the conjecture that using a therapeutic metal chelator is an effective strategy for AD remains popular. However, some recent reports of genetic-regulating copper transporters in AD models have shed light on treating this refractory disease. This review aims to succinctly present a better understanding of Cu ions' current status in several AD features, and some conflicting reports are present herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafza Wajeeha Ejaz
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth WA6027, Australia;
| | - Minglin Lang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19, Beijing 100049, China;
- College of Life Science, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China
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5
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Jiang X, Zhou T, Bai R, Xie Y. Hydroxypyridinone-Based Iron Chelators with Broad-Ranging Biological Activities. J Med Chem 2020; 63:14470-14501. [PMID: 33023291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron plays an essential role in all living cells because of its unique chemical properties. It is also the most abundant trace element in mammals. However, when iron is present in excess or inappropriately located, it becomes toxic. Excess iron can become involved in free radical formation, resulting in oxidative stress and cellular damage. Iron chelators are used to treat serious pathological disorders associated with systemic iron overload. Hydroxypyridinones stand out for their outstanding chelation properties, including high selectivity for Fe3+ in the biological environment, ease of derivatization, and good biocompatibility. Herein, we overview the potential for multifunctional hydroxypyridinone-based chelators to be used as therapeutic agents against a wide range of diseases associated either with systemic or local elevated iron levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P.R. China
| | - Renren Bai
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P.R. China
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6
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Yu X, Zhu X, Zhou Y, Li Q, Hu Z, Li T, Tao J, Dou M, Zhang M, Shao Y, Sun R. Discovery of N-Aryl-pyridine-4-ones as Novel Potential Agrochemical Fungicides and Bactericides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13904-13913. [PMID: 31765135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-aryl-pyridine-4-one derivatives were designed and synthesized using maltol and antidesmone as lead compounds, and then their fungicidal/bactericidal activities and possible mechanism of action against Colletotrichum musae were explored. Most of these compounds exhibited significant fungicidal activity in vitro. Especially, compound 23 has more than 90% inhibitory activity against nine plant pathogenic fungi at 50 μg mL-1, which is superior to azoxystrobin. Moreover, an in vivo bioassay also demonstrated that compound 23 exhibited high-efficiency broad-spectrum antifungal activity and can effectively control postharvest diseases of mango. In addition, it was found that compounds 22 and 23 can also effectively control rice bacterial leaf blight in pot experiments, which was even more effective than zhongshengmycin. Preliminary mechanism studies revealed that compound 23 may cause cell membrane and mitochondria destruction. These findings indicate that compound 23 can be used to develop potential agrochemical fungicides and bactericides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tao
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Menglan Dou
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Shao
- Danzhou Tobacco Company , Hainan Provincial Branch of China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC) , Danzhou , Hainan 571700 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ranfeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection , Hainan University , Haikou , Hainan 570228 , People's Republic of China
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7
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Khodaverdian V, Tapadar S, MacDonald IA, Xu Y, Ho PY, Bridges A, Rajpurohit P, Sanghani BA, Fan Y, Thangaraju M, Hathaway NA, Oyelere AK. Deferiprone: Pan-selective Histone Lysine Demethylase Inhibition Activity and Structure Activity Relationship Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4802. [PMID: 30886160 PMCID: PMC6423038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deferiprone (DFP) is a hydroxypyridinone-derived iron chelator currently in clinical use for iron chelation therapy. DFP has also been known to elicit antiproliferative activities, yet the mechanism of this effect has remained elusive. We herein report that DFP chelates the Fe2+ ion at the active sites of selected iron-dependent histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), resulting in pan inhibition of a subfamily of KDMs. Specifically, DFP inhibits the demethylase activities of six KDMs - 2A, 2B, 5C, 6A, 7A and 7B - with low micromolar IC50s while considerably less active or inactive against eleven KDMs - 1A, 3A, 3B, 4A-E, 5A, 5B and 6B. The KDM that is most sensitive to DFP, KDM6A, has an IC50 that is between 7- and 70-fold lower than the iron binding equivalence concentrations at which DFP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activities and/or reduces the labile intracellular zinc ion pool. In breast cancer cell lines, DFP potently inhibits the demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, two chromatin posttranslational marks that are subject to removal by several KDM subfamilies which are inhibited by DFP in cell-free assay. These data strongly suggest that DFP derives its anti-proliferative activity largely from the inhibition of a sub-set of KDMs. The docked poses adopted by DFP at the KDM active sites enabled identification of new DFP-based KDM inhibitors which are more cytotoxic to cancer cell lines. We also found that a cohort of these agents inhibited HP1-mediated gene silencing and one lead compound potently inhibited breast tumor growth in murine xenograft models. Overall, this study identified a new chemical scaffold capable of inhibiting KDM enzymes, globally changing histone modification profiles, and with specific anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verjine Khodaverdian
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Subhasish Tapadar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Ian A MacDonald
- The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Po-Yi Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Allison Bridges
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bhakti A Sanghani
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Yuhong Fan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel A Hathaway
- The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA.
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8
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Rana M, Sharma AK. Cu and Zn interactions with Aβ peptides: consequence of coordination on aggregation and formation of neurotoxic soluble Aβ oligomers. Metallomics 2019; 11:64-84. [DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coordination chemistry of transition metal ions (Fe, Cu, Zn) with the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides has attracted a lot of attention in recent years due to its repercussions in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Rana
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer 305817
- India
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Chemistry
- Central University of Rajasthan
- Ajmer 305817
- India
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9
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Di Natale G, Bellia F, Sciacca MF, Campagna T, Pappalardo G. Tau-peptide fragments and their copper(II) complexes: Effects on Amyloid-β aggregation. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.09.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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10
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Han X, He G. Toward a Rational Design to Regulate β-Amyloid Fibrillation for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:198-210. [PMID: 29251488 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decades have witnessed a growing global burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Evidence indicates that the onset and progression of AD is associated with β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide fibrillation. As such, there is a strong passion with discovering potent Aβ fibrillation inhibitors that can be developed into anti-amyloiddogenic agents for AD treatment. Current challenges that have arisen with this development involve with Aβ oligomer toxicity suppression and Blood Brain Barrier penetration capability. Considering most natural or biological events, one would observe that there is usually a "seed" to direct natural materials to assemble in response to a certain stimulation. Inspired by this, several materials or compounds, including nanoparticle, peptide or peptide mimics, and organic molecules, have been designed for the purpose of redirecting or impeding Aβ aggregation. Achieving these tasks requires comprehensive understanding on (1) initial Aβ assembly into insoluble deposits, (2) main concerns with fibrillation inhibition, and (3) current major methodologies to disrupt the aggregation. Herein, the objective of this review is to address these three areas, and enable the pathway for a promising therapeutic agent design for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Huston Labs, 1951 NW Seventh
Avenue, Suite 600, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Gefei He
- East China Normal University, 3663 Zhongshan N Road, Putuo District, Shanghai 200062, China
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11
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Hiremathad A, Chand K, Tolayan L, Rajeshwari, Keri RS, Esteves AR, Cardoso SM, Chaves S, Santos MA. Hydroxypyridinone-benzofuran hybrids with potential protective roles for Alzheimer´s disease therapy. J Inorg Biochem 2017; 179:82-96. [PMID: 29182921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of (3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone)-benzofuran hybrids have been developed and studied as potential multitargeting drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their design envisaged mainly to mimic the donepezil drug, a marketed inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and to endow the conjugate molecules with extra-properties such as metal chelation, radical scavenging and inhibition of amyloid peptide (Aβ) aggregation. Thus, a set of eleven new hybrid compounds was developed and evaluated for chemical and biological properties, in solution and in neuronal cell environment. The results are discussed in terms of the type of substituents on both main moieties and the linker size. The closest similarity with donepezil, in terms of AChE inhibitory activity, was obtained for the O-benzyl-hydroxypyridinone hybrids containing a 2-methylene linker, although still less active than the drug. However, the free-hydroxypyridinone hybrids present higher activity for the Aβ aggregation inhibition, metal chelating capacity and radical scavenging activity. Overall, some compounds demonstrated capacity to exert a multiple action by hitting three- (7d) or four- (8d, 8f) pathophysiological targets of AD. Furthermore, the compounds showed neuroprotective effects in neuronal cells subjected to model stressors of AD, but not significant dependence on the substituent groups. Importantly, the compounds evidenced drug-likeness properties, including good membrane permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Hiremathad
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India
| | - Karam Chand
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lori Tolayan
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rajeshwari
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rangappa S Keri
- Centre for Nano and Material Sciences, Jain University, Jain Global Campus, Kanakapura, Ramanagara, Bangalore 562112, India.
| | - A Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra M Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Chaves
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M Amélia Santos
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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12
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Grasso GI, Bellia F, Arena G, Satriano C, Vecchio G, Rizzarelli E. Multitarget trehalose-carnosine conjugates inhibit Aβ aggregation, tune copper(II) activity and decrease acrolein toxicity. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:447-457. [PMID: 28475972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence is accumulating, showing that neurodegenerative disorders are somehow associated with the toxicity of amyloid aggregates, metal ion dyshomeostasis as well as with products generated by oxidative stress. Within the biological oxidation products, acrolein does have a prominent role. A promising strategy to deal with the above neurogenerative disorders is to use multi-functions bio-molecules. Herein, we show how a class of bio-conjugates takes advantage of the antiaggregating, antioxidant and antiglycating properties of trehalose and carnosine. Their ability to sequester acrolein and to inhibit both self- and metal-induced aggregation is here reported. The copper(II) coordination properties of a new trehalose-carnosine conjugate and the relative antioxidant effects have also been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppa Ida Grasso
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bellia
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Arena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Satriano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Rizzarelli
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR), via P. Gaifami 18, 95126, Catania, Italy; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale A. Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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13
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Han X, Park J, Wu W, Malagon A, Wang L, Vargas E, Wikramanayake A, Houk KN, Leblanc RM. A resorcinarene for inhibition of Aβ fibrillation. Chem Sci 2017; 8:2003-2009. [PMID: 28451317 PMCID: PMC5398272 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc04854d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) fibrillation is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it has been challenging to discover potent agents in order to inhibit Aβ fibrillation. Herein, we demonstrated the effect of resorcinarene on inhibiting Aβ fibrillation in vitro via experimental and computational methods. Aβ were incubated with different concentrations of resorcinarene so as to monitor the kinetics by using thioflavin T binding assay. The results, which were further confirmed by far-UV CD spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, strongly indicated that the higher concentration of resorcinarene, the more effective the inhibition of Aβ fibrillation. A cytotoxicity study showed that when sea urchin embryos were exposed to the resorcinarene, the majority survived due to the resorcinarene low toxicity. In addition, when the resorcinarene was added, the formation of toxic Aβ 42 species was delayed. Computational studies of Aβ fibrillation, including docking simulations and MD simulations, illustrated that the interaction between inhibitor resorcinarene and Aβ is driven by the non-polar interactions. These studies display a novel strategy for the exploration of promising antiamyloiddogenic agents for AD treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Chemistry , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA .
| | - Jiyong Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Biology , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA
| | - Andres Malagon
- Departamento de Quimica , Universidad de los Andes , Cr. 1 No. 18A 10 , Bogota 111711 , Colombia
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Department of Biology , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA
| | - Edgar Vargas
- Departamento de Quimica , Universidad de los Andes , Cr. 1 No. 18A 10 , Bogota 111711 , Colombia
| | - Athula Wikramanayake
- Department of Biology , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA
| | - K N Houk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Los Angeles , California 90095 , USA .
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry , Cox Science Center , University of Miami , Coral Gables , Florida 33146 , USA .
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14
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Ionophoric polyphenols selectively bind Cu2+, display potent antioxidant and anti-amyloidogenic properties, and are non-toxic toward Tetrahymena thermophila. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3657-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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15
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Oliveri V, Vecchio G. Prochelator strategies for site-selective activation of metal chelators. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 162:31-43. [PMID: 27297691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal dyshomeostasis has been involved in the etiology of a host of pathologies such as Wilson's, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, transfusion-related iron overload diseases and cancer. Although metal chelating agents represent a necessary therapeutic strategy in metal overload diseases, long-term use of strong chelators that are not selective, can be anticipated perturbing normal physiological functions of essential metal-requiring biomolecules. In this context, the last decade has seen a growing interest in the development of molecules, referred to as "prochelators", that have little affinity for metal ions until they are activated in response to specific stimuli. Here, we present the main strategies applied to develop safe prochelators and focus on chosen examples to provide an overview of this field to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, C.I.R.C.M.S.B., Unità di Ricerca di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Catania, Viale A. Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici, C.I.R.C.M.S.B., Unità di Ricerca di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
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16
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Sheng R, Tang L, Jiang L, Hong L, Shi Y, Zhou N, Hu Y. Novel 1-Phenyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone Derivatives as Multifunctional Agents for the Therapy of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2016; 7:69-81. [PMID: 26479744 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 1-phenyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone derivatives were designed and synthesized as multifunctional agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapy through incorporation of 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone moiety from deferiprone into the scaffold of H3 receptor antagonists. Most of these new compounds displayed designed quadruple functions, H3 receptor antagonism, Aβ aggregation inhibition, metal ion chelation, and radical scavenging. Especially, the most promising compound 5c displayed nanomolar IC50 values in H3 receptor antagonism with high selectivity, efficient capability to interrupt the formation of Aβ(1-42) fibrils, good copper and iron chelating properties, and more potent 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS(•+)) scavenging activity than Trolox. Further biological evaluation revealed that it did not show obvious cytotoxicity and hERG potassium channel inhibition at micromolar concentration. In addition, compound 5c demonstrated suitable pharmacokinetic properties and acceptable blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in vivo. All these results indicate that compound 5c is a potential multifunctional candidate for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sheng
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Li Tang
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Liu Jiang
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Lingjuan Hong
- College
of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ying Shi
- College
of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Naiming Zhou
- College
of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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17
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Jiang L, Zhang M, Tang L, Weng Q, Shen Y, Hu Y, Sheng R. Identification of 2-subsituted benzothiazole derivatives as triple-functional agents with potential for AD therapy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25788c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 2-subsituted benzothiazole derivatives were designed and synthesized as MDTLs for potential AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Minkui Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Li Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Qinjie Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Yanhong Shen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science
- Anyang Institute of Technology
- Anyang 455000
- China
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
| | - Rong Sheng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310058
- China
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18
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3-Hydroxypyridinone derivatives as metal-sequestering agents for therapeutic use. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:383-410. [PMID: 25826364 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.14.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although iron is one of the most important metal ions for living organisms, it becomes toxic when in excess or misplaced. This review presents a glance at representative examples of hydroxypyridinone-based chelators, which have been recently developed as potential clinically useful drugs for metal overload diseases, mostly associated with excess of iron but also other hard metal-ions. It also includes a detailed discussion on the factors assisting chelator design strategy toward fulfillment of the most relevant biochemical properties of hydroxypyridinone chelators, highlighting structure-activity relationships and a variety of potential clinical applications, beyond chelatotherapy. This study appears as a response to the growing interest on metal chelation therapy and opens new perspectives of possible applications in future medicine.
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19
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Muthuraj B, Layek S, Balaji SN, Trivedi V, Iyer PK. Multiple function fluorescein probe performs metal chelation, disaggregation, and modulation of aggregated Aβ and Aβ-Cu complex. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:1880-91. [PMID: 26332658 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An exceptional probe comprising indole-3-carboxaldehyde fluorescein hydrazone (FI) performs multiple tasks, namely, disaggregating amyloid β (Aβ) aggregates in different biomarker environments such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), Aβ1-40 fibrils, β-amyloid lysozyme aggregates (LA), and U87 MG human astrocyte cells. Additionally, the probe FI binds with Cu(2+) ions selectively, disrupts the Aβ aggregates that vary from few nanometers to micrometers, and prevents their reaggregation, thereby performing disaggregation and modulation of amyloid-β in the presence as well as absence of Cu(2+) ion. The excellent selectivity of probe FI for Cu(2+) was effectively utilized to modulate the assembly of metal-induced Aβ aggregates by metal chelation with the "turn-on" fluorescence via spirolactam ring opening of FI as well as the metal-free Aβ fibrils by noncovalent interactions. These results confirm that FI has exceptional ability to perform multifaceted tasks such as metal chelation in intracellular conditions using Aβ lysozyme aggregates in cellular environments by the disruption of β-sheet rich Aβ fibrils into disaggregated forms. Subsequently, it was confirmed that FI had the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and it also modulated the metal induced Aβ fibrils in cellular environments by "turn-on" fluorescence, which are the most vital properties of a probe or a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, the morphology changes were examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM), polarizable optical microscopy (POM), fluorescence microscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies. These results provide very valuable clues on the Aβ (CSF Aβ fibrils, Aβ1-40 fibrils, β-amyloid lysozyme aggregates) disaggregation behavior via in vitro studies, which constitute the first insights into intracellular disaggregation of Aβ by "turn-on" method thereby influencing amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Muthuraj
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Sourav Layek
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - S. N. Balaji
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Vishal Trivedi
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Parameswar Krishnan Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Biosciences
and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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20
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Telpoukhovskaia MA, Cawthray JF, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Scott LE, Page BD, Patrick BO, Orvig C. 3-Hydroxy-4-pyridinone derivatives designed for fluorescence studies to determine interaction with amyloid protein as well as cell permeability. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3654-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Turnaturi R, Oliveri V, Viale M, Monticone M, Vecchio G. Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Activity of Glycoconjugates of Dithiocarbamates and Their Copper(II) and Zinc(II) Complexes. Chempluschem 2015; 80:1786-1792. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201500289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita Turnaturi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Valentina Oliveri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Catania Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca; in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici; C.I.R.C.M.S.B.); Unità di Ricerca di Catania; 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Maurizio Viale
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino; IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; S.C. Terapia Immunologia; L.go R. Benzi, 10 16132 Genova Italy
| | - Massimiliano Monticone
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino; IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro; S.C. Terapia Immunologia; L.go R. Benzi, 10 16132 Genova Italy
| | - Graziella Vecchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche; Università degli Studi di Catania; Viale A. Doria, 6 95125 Catania Italy
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22
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Yadav R, Murthy RV, Kikkeri R. Sialic Acid Hydroxamate: A Potential Antioxidant and Inhibitor of Metal-Induced β-Amyloid Aggregates. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1448-53. [PMID: 25944626 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Current methods for Alzheimer's treatment require a three-component system: metal chelators, antioxidants, and amyloid β (Aβ)-peptide-binding scaffolds. We report sialic acid (Sia) hydroxamate as a potential radical scavenger and metal chelator to inhibit Aβ aggregation. A cell viability assay revealed that Sia hydroxamate can protect HeLa and glioblastoma (LN229) cells from oxidative damage induced by the Fenton reaction. Sedimentation and turbidity assays showed profound protection of neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells from metal-induced Aβ aggregation and neural toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008 (India)
| | - Raghavendra Vasudeva Murthy
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008 (India)
| | - Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008 (India).
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23
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Bhatia PH, Kociok-Köhn G, Molloy KC. Copper and zinc complexes of kojic acid and related ligands. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-015-9935-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Xiong N, Dong XY, Zheng J, Liu FF, Sun Y. Design of LVFFARK and LVFFARK-functionalized nanoparticles for inhibiting amyloid β-protein fibrillation and cytotoxicity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:5650-5662. [PMID: 25700145 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) into amyloid oligomers and fibrils is pathologically linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, the inhibition of Aβ aggregation is essential for the prevention and treatment of AD, but the development of potent agents capable of inhibiting Aβ fibrillogenesis has posed significant challenges. Herein, we designed Ac-LVFFARK-NH2 (LK7) by incorporating two positively charged residues, R and K, into the central hydrophobic fragment of Aβ17-21 (LVFFA) and examined its inhibitory effect on Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxicity by extensive physical, biophysical, and biological analyses. LK7 was observed to inhibit Aβ42 fibrillogenesis in a dose-dependent manner, but its strong self-assembly characteristic also resulted in high cytotoxicity. In order to prevent the cytotoxicity that resulted from the self-assembly of LK7, the peptide was then conjugated to the surface of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to fabricate a nanosized inhibitor, LK7@PLGA-NPs. It was found that LK7@PLGA-NPs had little cytotoxicity because the self-assembly of the LK7 conjugated on the NPs was completely inhibited. Moreover, the NPs-based inhibitor showed remarkable inhibitory capability against Aβ42 aggregation and significantly alleviated its cytotoxicity at a low LK7@PLGA-NPs concentration of 20 μg/mL. At the same peptide concentration, free LK7 showed little inhibitory effect. It is considered that several synergetic effects contributed to the strong inhibitory ability of LK7@PLGA-NPs, including the enhanced interactions between Aβ42 and LK7@PLGA-NPs brought on by inhibiting LK7 self-assembly, restricting conformational changes of Aβ42, and thus redirecting Aβ42 aggregation into unstructured, off-pathway aggregates. The working mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of LK7 and LK7@PLGA-NPs on Aβ42 aggregation were proposed based on experimental observations. This work provides new insights into the design and development of potent NPs-based inhibitors against Aβ aggregation and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neng Xiong
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Dong
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Fu-Feng Liu
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yan Sun
- †Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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25
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Derrick JS, Lim MH. Tools of the Trade: Investigations into Design Strategies of Small Molecules to Target Components in Alzheimer's Disease. Chembiochem 2015; 16:887-98. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201402718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Rowinska-Zyrek M, Salerno M, Kozlowski H. Neurodegenerative diseases – Understanding their molecular bases and progress in the development of potential treatments. Coord Chem Rev 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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27
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28
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Sharma AK, Kim J, Prior JT, Hawco NJ, Rath NP, Kim J, Mirica LM. Small bifunctional chelators that do not disaggregate amyloid β fibrils exhibit reduced cellular toxicity. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:11367-76. [PMID: 25333939 PMCID: PMC4220862 DOI: 10.1021/ic500926c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional metal chelators that can modulate the amyloid β (Aβ) peptide aggregation and its interaction with metal ions such as copper and zinc hold considerable promise as therapeutic agents for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, specific rather than systemic metal chelation by these compounds is needed in order to limit any side effects. Reported herein are two novel small bifunctional chelators, 2-[2-hydroxy-4-(diethylamino)phenyl]benzothiazole (L1) and 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)benzothiazole (L2), in which the metal-binding donor atoms are integrated within a molecular framework derived from the amyloid-binding fluorescent dye thioflavin T (ThT). The metal-binding properties of L1 and L2 were probed by pH spectrophotometric titrations to determine their pKa values and the corresponding metal complex stability constants, and the isolated metal complexes were structurally characterized. The amyloid-fibril-binding properties of L1 and L2 were investigated by fluorescence titrations and ThT competition assays. Interestingly, L1 and L2 do not lead to the formation of neurotoxic Aβ42 oligomers in the presence or absence of metal ions, as observed by native gel electrophoresis, Western blotting, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, L1 and L2 were able to reduce the cell toxicity of preformed Aβ42 oligomers and of the copper-stabilized Aβ42 oligomers. Given their ability to reduce the toxicity of soluble Aβ42 and Cu-Aβ42 species, L1 and L2 are promising lead compounds for the development of chemical agents that can control the neurotoxicity of soluble Aβ42 species in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Jaekwang Kim
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - John T. Prior
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nicholas J. Hawco
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Missouri—St. Louis, One University Boulevard, St. Louis, Missouri 63121-4400, United States
| | - Jungsu Kim
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63108, United States
| | - Liviu M. Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, United States
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29
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Telpoukhovskaia MA, Alí-Torres J, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Manso Y, Bailey GA, Hidalgo J, Sodupe M, Orvig C. Thioflavin-based molecular probes for application in Alzheimer's disease: from in silico to in vitro models. Metallomics 2014; 7:83-92. [PMID: 25325557 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00167b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease of confusing causation with no cure or prevention available. The definitive diagnosis is made postmortem, in part through the presence of amyloid-beta plaques in the brain tissue, which can be done with the small molecule thioflavin-T (ThT). Plaques are also found to contain elevated amounts of metal ions Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) that contribute to the neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta (Aβ). In this paper, we report in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo studies with ThT-derived metal binders 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzoxazole (HBX), 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (HBT) and their respective iodinated counterparts, HBXI and HBTI. They exhibit low cytotoxicity in a neuronal cell line, potential blood-brain barrier penetration, and interaction with Aβ fibrils from senile plaques present in human and transgenic mice AD models. Molecular modelling studies have also been undertaken to understand the prospective ligand-Aβ complexes as well as to rationalize the experimental findings. Overall, our studies demonstrate that HBX, HBT, HBXI, and HBTI are excellent agents for future use in in vivo models of AD, as they show in vitro efficacy and biological compatibility. In addition to this, we present the glycosylated form of HBX (GBX), which has been prepared to take advantage of the benefits of the prodrug approach. Overall, the in vitro and ex vivo assays presented in this work validate the use of the proposed ThT-based drug candidate series as chemical tools for further in vivo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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30
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Telpoukhovskaia MA, Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Cawthray JF, Scott LE, Page BDG, Alí-Torres J, Sodupe M, Bailey GA, Patrick BO, Orvig C. 3-Hydroxy-4-pyridinone derivatives as metal ion and amyloid binding agents. Metallomics 2014; 6:249-62. [PMID: 23999879 DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00135k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, as their dyshomeostasis may lead to production of reactive oxygen species as well as increased toxicity of amyloid protein aggregates. In this work, we present design and synthesis of three novel multifunctional hydroxypyridinone ligands, HL11, HL12, and HL13, bearing benzothiazole and benzoxazole functionalities. We study the ability of these compounds to bind metal ions Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III), as well as their antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity. Additionally, we determine the pro-ligands' (compounds prior to chelation) propensity to target amyloid protein. Through these studies we determine the effect of combining amyloid- and metal-binding functionalities within the HPO scaffold on different aspects of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Telpoukhovskaia
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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31
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Burch P, Schmid F, Gademann K. Neuritogenic surfaces using natural product analogs. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:1415-9. [PMID: 24596342 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuritogenic surfaces are generated by a simple dip-coating procedure, as glass slides are coated with a neurotrophin-like small organic molecule in the presence of a collagen matrix. The surfaces retain their biological activity for multiple cycles and the protocol is suitable for various substrates and coating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Burch
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Fabian Schmid
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 CH-4056 Basel Switzerland
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32
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Savelieff MG, DeToma AS, Derrick JS, Lim MH. The ongoing search for small molecules to study metal-associated amyloid-β species in Alzheimer's disease. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2475-82. [PMID: 25080056 DOI: 10.1021/ar500152x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of a cure for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been impeded by an inability to pinpoint the root cause of this disorder. Although numerous potential pathological factors have been indicated, acting either individually or mutually, the molecular mechanisms leading to disease onset and progression have not been clear. Amyloid-β (Aβ), generated from proteolytic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and its aggregated forms, particularly oligomers, are suggested as key pathological features in AD-affected brains. Historically, highly concentrated metals are found colocalized within Aβ plaques. Metal binding to Aβ (metal-Aβ) generates/stabilizes potentially toxic Aβ oligomers, and produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro (redox active metal ions; plausible contribution to oxidative stress). Consequently, clarification of the relationship between Aβ, metal ions, and toxicity, including oxidative stress via metal-Aβ, can lead to a deeper understanding of AD development. To probe the involvement of metal-Aβ in AD pathogenesis, rationally designed and naturally occurring molecules have been examined as chemical tools to target metal-Aβ species, modulate the interaction between the metal and Aβ, and subsequently redirect their aggregation into nontoxic, off-pathway unstructured aggregates. These ligands are also capable of attenuating the generation of redox active metal-Aβ-induced ROS to mitigate oxidative stress. One rational design concept, the incorporation approach, installs a metal binding site into a framework known to interact with Aβ. This approach affords compounds with the simultaneous ability to chelate metal ions and interact with Aβ. Natural products capable of Aβ interaction have been investigated for their influence on metal-induced Aβ aggregation and have inspired the construction of synthetic analogues. Systematic studies of these synthetic or natural molecules could uncover relationships between chemical structures, metal/Aβ/metal-Aβ interactions, and inhibition of Aβ/metal-Aβ reactivity (i.e., aggregation modes of Aβ/metal-Aβ; associated ROS production), suggesting mechanisms to refine the design strategy. Interdisciplinary investigations have demonstrated that the designed molecules and natural products control the aggregation pathways of metal-Aβ species transforming their size/conformation distribution. The aptitude of these molecules to impact metal-Aβ aggregation pathways, either via inhibition of Aβ aggregate formation, most importantly of oligomers, or disaggregation of preformed fibrils, could originate from their formation of complexes with metal-Aβ. Potentially, these molecules could direct metal-Aβ size/conformational states into alternative nontoxic unstructured oligomers, and control the geometry at the Aβ-ligated metal center for limited ROS formation to lessen the overall toxicity induced by metal-Aβ. Complexation between small molecules and Aβ/metal-Aβ has been observed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) pointing to molecular level interactions, validating the design strategy. In addition, these molecules exhibit other attractive properties, such as antioxidant capacity, prevention of ROS production, potential blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and reduction of Aβ-/metal-Aβ-induced cytotoxicity, making them desirable tools for unraveling AD complexity. In this Account, we summarize the recent development of small molecules, via both rational design and the selection and modification of natural products, as tools for investigating metal-Aβ complexes, to advance our understanding of their relation to AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department
of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Korea
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33
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Akam EA, Chang TM, Astashkin AV, Tomat E. Intracellular reduction/activation of a disulfide switch in thiosemicarbazone iron chelators. Metallomics 2014; 6:1905-12. [PMID: 25100578 DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00153b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron scavengers (chelators) offer therapeutic opportunities in anticancer drug design by targeting the increased demand for iron in cancer cells as compared to normal cells. Prochelation approaches are expected to avoid systemic iron depletion as chelators are liberated under specific intracellular conditions. In the strategy described herein, a disulfide linkage is employed as a redox-directed switch within the binding unit of an antiproliferative thiosemicarbazone prochelator, which is activated for iron coordination following reduction to the thiolate chelator. In glutathione redox buffer, this reduction event occurs at physiological concentrations and half-cell potentials. Consistent with concurrent reduction and activation, higher intracellular thiol concentrations increase cell susceptibility to prochelator toxicity in cultured cancer cells. The reduction of the disulfide switch and intracellular iron chelation are confirmed in cell-based assays using calcein as a fluorescent probe for paramagnetic ions. The resulting low-spin Fe(III) complex is identified in intact Jurkat cells by EPR spectroscopy measurements, which also document a decreased concentration of active ribonucleotide reductase following exposure to the prochelator. Cell viability and fluorescence-based assays show that the iron complex presents low cytotoxicity and does not participate in intracellular redox chemistry, indicating that this antiproliferative chelation strategy does not rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Akam
- University of Arizona, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721-0041, USA.
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Car Ž, Hrenar T, Petrović Peroković V, Ribić R, Seničar M, Tomić S. MannosylatedN-Aryl Substituted 3-Hydroxypyridine-4-Ones: Synthesis, Hemagglutination Inhibitory Properties, and Molecular Modeling. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 84:393-401. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Željka Car
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Tomica Hrenar
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Vesna Petrović Peroković
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Rosana Ribić
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Mateja Seničar
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Srđanka Tomić
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Zagreb; Horvatovac 102a HR-10000 Zagreb Croatia
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Gomes LMF, Vieira RP, Jones MR, Wang MCP, Dyrager C, Souza-Fagundes EM, Da Silva JG, Storr T, Beraldo H. 8-Hydroxyquinoline Schiff-base compounds as antioxidants and modulators of copper-mediated Aβ peptide aggregation. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 139:106-16. [PMID: 25019963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brain are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and metal ions such as copper(II) and zinc(II) have been shown to play a role in the aggregation and toxicity of the Aβ peptide, the major constituent of these extracellular aggregates. Metal binding agents can promote the disaggregation of Aβ plaques, and have shown promise as AD therapeutics. Herein, we describe the syntheses and characterization of an acetohydrazone (8-H2QH), a thiosemicarbazone (8-H2QT), and a semicarbazone (8-H2QS) derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline. The three compounds are shown to be neutral at pH7.4, and are potent antioxidants as measured by a Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assay. The ligands form complexes with Cu(II), 8-H2QT in a 1:1 metal:ligand ratio, and 8-H2QH and 8-H2QS in a 1:2 metal:ligand ratio. A preliminary aggregation inhibition assay using the Aβ1-40 peptide showed that 8-H2QS and 8-H2QH inhibit peptide aggregation in the presence of Cu(II). Native gel electrophoresis/Western blot and TEM images were obtained to give a more detailed picture of the extent and pathways of Aβ aggregation using the more neurotoxic Aβ1-42 in the presence and absence of Cu(II), 8-H2QH, 8-H2QS and the drug candidate PBT2. An increase in the formation of oligomeric species is evident in the presence of Cu(II). However, in the presence of ligands and Cu(II), the results match those for the peptide alone, suggesting that the ligands function by sequestering Cu(II) and limiting oligomer formation in this assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M F Gomes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Rafael P Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Michael C P Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Christine Dyrager
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Elaine M Souza-Fagundes
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jeferson G Da Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tim Storr
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A-1S6 Burnaby, BC, Canada.
| | - Heloisa Beraldo
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Hayne DJ, Lim S, Donnelly PS. Metal complexes designed to bind to amyloid-β for the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:6701-15. [PMID: 24671229 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00026a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of age-related neurodegenerative dementia. The disease is characterised by the presence of plaques in the cerebral cortex. The major constituent of these plaques is aggregated amyloid-β peptide. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of metal complexes designed to bind to amyloid-β. The development of radioactive metal-based complexes of copper and technetium designed as diagnostic imaging agents to detect amyloid burden in the brain is discussed. Separate sections of the review discuss the use of luminescent metal complexes to act as non-conventional probes of amyloid formation and recent research into the use of metal complexes as inhibitors of amyloid formation and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Hayne
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, 3010, Australia.
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37
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Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Fe(III) complexes of N-derivatized 3-hydroxy-4-pyridiones. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 132:59-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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38
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Rangel M, Leite A, Silva AMN, Moniz T, Nunes A, Amorim MJ, Queirós C, Cunha-Silva L, Gameiro P, Burgess J. Distinctive EPR signals provide an understanding of the affinity of bis-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato) copper(ii) complexes for hydrophobic environments. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9722-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We put forward the use of EPR spectroscopy to assess the affinity of bis-(3-hydroxy-4-pyridinonato) copper(ii) complexes for a hydrophobic environment.
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Anand R, Gill KD, Mahdi AA. Therapeutics of Alzheimer's disease: Past, present and future. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt A:27-50. [PMID: 23891641 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia worldwide. The etiology is multifactorial, and pathophysiology of the disease is complex. Data indicate an exponential rise in the number of cases of AD, emphasizing the need for developing an effective treatment. AD also imposes tremendous emotional and financial burden to the patient's family and community. The disease has been studied over a century, but acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine are the only drugs currently approved for its management. These drugs provide symptomatic improvement alone but do less to modify the disease process. The extensive insight into the molecular and cellular pathomechanism in AD over the past few decades has provided us significant progress in the understanding of the disease. A number of novel strategies that seek to modify the disease process have been developed. The major developments in this direction are the amyloid and tau based therapeutics, which could hold the key to treatment of AD in the near future. Several putative drugs have been thoroughly investigated in preclinical studies, but many of them have failed to produce results in the clinical scenario; therefore it is only prudent that lessons be learnt from the past mistakes. The current rationales and targets evaluated for therapeutic benefit in AD are reviewed in this article. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'The Synaptic Basis of Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Anand
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632002, Tamilnadu, India.
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40
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Trzoss L, Xu J, Lacoske MH, Theodorakis EA. Synthesis of the tetracyclic core of Illicium sesquiterpenes using an organocatalyzed asymmetric Robinson annulation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:1135-40. [PMID: 23843905 PMCID: PMC3701413 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
An enantioselective synthesis of the core framework of neurotrophic Illicium majucin-type sesquiterpenes is described here. This strategy is based on an organocatalyzed asymmetric Robinson annulation and provides an efficient approach for a diversity-oriented synthesis of Illicium natural products that holds remarkable therapeutic potential for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnie Trzoss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Michelle H Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
| | - Emmanuel A Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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41
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Trzoss L, Xu J, Lacoske MH, Mobley WC, Theodorakis EA. Illicium sesquiterpenes: divergent synthetic strategy and neurotrophic activity studies. Chemistry 2013; 19:6398-408. [PMID: 23526661 PMCID: PMC3875175 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Majucin-type sesquiterpenes from Illicium sp., such as jiadifenolide (2), jiadifenin (3), and (1R,10S)-2-oxo-3,4-dehydroxyneomajucin (4, ODNM), possess a complex caged chemical architecture and remarkable neurotrophic activities. As such, they represent attractive small-molecule leads against various neurodegenerative diseases. We present an efficient, enantioselective, and unified synthesis of 2, 3, and 4 and designed analogues that diverge from tetracyclic key intermediate 7. The synthesis of 7 is highlighted by the use of an enantioselective Robinson annulation reaction (construction of the AB rings), a Pd-mediated carbomethoxylation reaction (construction of the C ring), and a one-pot oxidative reaction cascade (construction of the D ring). Evaluation of the neurotrophic activity of these compounds led to the identification of several highly potent small molecules that significantly enhanced the activity of nerve growth factor (NGF) in PC-12 cells. Moreover, efforts to define the common pharmacophoric motif suggest that substitution at the C-10 center significantly affects bioactivity, while the hemiketal moiety of 2 and 3 and the C-1 substitution might not be critical to the neurotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnie Trzoss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
| | - Michelle H. Lacoske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
| | - William C. Mobley
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0752, USA
| | - Emmanuel A. Theodorakis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA, Fax: (+)1-858-822-0386
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42
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Nunes A, Marques SM, Quintanova C, Silva DF, Cardoso SM, Chaves S, Santos MA. Multifunctional iron-chelators with protective roles against neurodegenerative diseases. Dalton Trans 2013; 42:6058-73. [PMID: 23487286 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt50406a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the absence of a disease modifying drug, makes the development of new multifunctional drugs an attractive therapeutic strategy. Taking into account the hallmarks of AD patient brains, such as low levels of acetylcholine, misfolding of proteins and associated beta-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, oxidative stress and metal dyshomeostasis, we have developed a series of compounds that merge three different approaches: metal attenuation, anti-Aβ aggregation and anti-acetylcholinesterase activity. Therefore, 3-hydroxy-4-pyridinone (3,4-HP) and benzothiazole molecular moieties were selected as starting frameworks due to their well known affinity for iron and Aβ peptides, respectively. The linkers between these two main functional groups were selected on the basis of virtual screening, so that the final molecule could further inhibit the acetylcholinesterase, responsible for the cholinergic losses. We describe herein the design and synthesis of the new hybrid compounds, followed by the assessment of solution properties, namely iron chelation and anti-oxidant capacity. The compounds were bioassayed for their capacity to inhibit AChE, as well as self- and Zn mediated-Aβ(1-42) aggregation. Finally, we assessed their effects on the viability of neuronal cells stressed with Aβ(42).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Nunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal.
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43
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Amir A, Sayer AH, Ezra A, Fischer B. Methylenediphosphonotetrathioate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Chemical Properties. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:3133-40. [DOI: 10.1021/ic3026057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aviran Amir
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Alon Haim Sayer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Alon Ezra
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Bilha Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel
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44
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Ramsaywack S, Vogels CM, Ricker SL, Westcott SA, Barclay LRC. Pyridinones Are Not Antioxidants As Shown by Kinetics of Free Radical Autoxidation, but They Prevent Radical Oxidations Catalyzed by Toxic Heavy Metals. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:399-409. [DOI: 10.1021/tx300486r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharwatie Ramsaywack
- Departments of †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Mathematics and
Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville,
New Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G8
| | - Christopher M. Vogels
- Departments of †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Mathematics and
Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville,
New Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G8
| | - S. Laurie Ricker
- Departments of †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Mathematics and
Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville,
New Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G8
| | - Stephen A. Westcott
- Departments of †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Mathematics and
Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville,
New Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G8
| | - L. Ross C. Barclay
- Departments of †Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Mathematics and
Computer Science, Mount Allison University, Sackville,
New Brunswick, Canada E4L 1G8
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45
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Jones MR, Service EL, Thompson JR, Wang MCP, Kimsey IJ, DeToma AS, Ramamoorthy A, Lim MH, Storr T. Dual-function triazole-pyridine derivatives as inhibitors of metal-induced amyloid-β aggregation. Metallomics 2013; 4:910-20. [PMID: 22825244 DOI: 10.1039/c2mt20113e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated metal ions are hypothesized to play a role in the aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In addition to direct effects on Aβ aggregation, both Cu and Fe can catalyze the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), possibly contributing to significant neuronal toxicity. Therefore, disruption of metal-Aβ interactions has become a viable strategy for AD therapeutic development. Herein, we report a new series of dual-function triazole-pyridine ligands [4-(2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)ethyl)morpholine (L1), 3-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)propan-1-ol (L2), 2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)acetic acid (L3), and 5-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)pentan-1-amine (L4)] that interact with the Aβ peptide and modulate its aggregation in vitro. Metal chelation and Aβ interaction properties of these molecules were studied by UV-vis, NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. In addition, turbidity and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to determine the anti-aggregation properties of L1-L4. All compounds demonstrated an ability to limit metal-induced Aβ aggregation. Overall, our studies suggest the utility of the triazole-pyridine framework in the development of chemical reagents toward inhibitors for metal-triggered Aβ aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada
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46
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Franz KJ. Clawing back: broadening the notion of metal chelators in medicine. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2013; 17:143-9. [PMID: 23332666 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The traditional notion of chelation therapy is the administration of a chemical agent to remove metals from the body. But formation of a metal-chelate can have biological ramifications that are much broader than metal elimination. Exploring these other possibilities could lead to pharmacological interventions that alter the concentration, distribution, or reactivity of metals in targeted ways for therapeutic benefit. This review highlights recent examples that showcase four general strategies of using principles of metal chelation in medicinal contexts beyond the traditional notion of chelation therapy. These strategies include altering metal biodistribution, inhibiting specific metalloenzymes associated with disease, enhancing the reactivity of a metal complex to promote cytotoxicity, and conversely, passivating the reactivity of metals by site-activated chelation to prevent cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Franz
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, 124 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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47
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Liffert R, Hoecker J, Jana CK, Woods TM, Burch P, Jessen HJ, Neuburger M, Gademann K. Withanolide A: synthesis and structural requirements for neurite outgrowth. Chem Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3sc50653c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Noël S, Cadet S, Gras E, Hureau C. The benzazole scaffold: a SWAT to combat Alzheimer's disease. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7747-62. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60086f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Cao J, Ma X, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang Z, Geng Z, Wang Z. Azole derivatives as novel non-iron-chelating inhibitors of prolyl hydroxylase 3 for HIF-1 activation. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00117b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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50
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez C, Telpoukhovskaia M, Orvig C. The art of building multifunctional metal-binding agents from basic molecular scaffolds for the potential application in neurodegenerative diseases. Coord Chem Rev 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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