1
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Gupta S, Puttaiahgowda YM, Deiglmayr L. Recent advances in the design and immobilization of heparin for biomedical application: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130743. [PMID: 38462098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Heparin, a member of the glycosaminoglycan family, is renowned as the most negatively charged biomolecule discovered within the realm of human biology. This polysaccharide serves a vital role as a regulator for various proteins, cells, and tissues within the human body, positioning itself as a pivotal macromolecule of significance. The domain of biology has witnessed substantial interest in the intricate design of heparin and its derivatives, particularly focusing on heparin-based polymers and hydrogels. This intrigue spans a wide spectrum of applications, encompassing diverse areas such as protein adsorption, anticoagulant properties, controlled drug release, development of implants, stent innovation, enhancement of blood compatibility, acceleration of wound healing, and pioneering strides in tissue engineering. This comprehensive overview delves into a multitude of developed heparin conjugates, employing various methods, and explores their functions in both the biomedicine and electronics fields. The efficacy of materials derived from heparin is also thoroughly investigated, encompassing considerations such as thrombogenicity, drug release kinetics, affinity for growth factors (GFs), biocompatibility, and electrochemical analyses. We firmly believe that by redirecting focus towards research and advancements in heparin-related polymers/hydrogels, this study will ignite further research and accelerate potential breakthroughs in this promising and evolving field of discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Yashoda Malgar Puttaiahgowda
- Department of Chemistry, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India.
| | - Lisa Deiglmayr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich (LMU), Butenandtstraβe 5-13, (D), 81377 Munich, Germany
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2
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Huang Y, Liu C, Feng Q, Sun J. Microfluidic synthesis of nanomaterials for biomedical applications. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:1610-1627. [PMID: 37723984 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00217a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The field of nanomaterials has progressed dramatically over the past decades with important contributions to the biomedical area. The physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as the size and structure, can be controlled through manipulation of mass and heat transfer conditions during synthesis. In particular, microfluidic systems with rapid mixing and precise fluid control are ideal platforms for creating appropriate synthesis conditions. One notable example of microfluidics-based synthesis is the development of lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based mRNA vaccines with accelerated clinical translation and robust efficacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to LNPs, microfluidic systems have been adopted for the controlled synthesis of a broad range of nanomaterials. In this review, we introduce the fundamental principles of microfluidic technologies including flow field- and multiple field-based methods for fabricating nanoparticles, and discuss their applications in the biomedical field. We conclude this review by outlining several major challenges and future directions in the implementation of microfluidic synthesis of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Huang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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3
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Ling FWM, Abdulbari HA, Chin SY. Heterogeneous Microfluidic Reactors: A Review and an Insight of Enzymatic Reactions. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona W. M. Ling
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (FLUID CENTRE) Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Hayder A. Abdulbari
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid & Processes (FLUID CENTRE) Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Sim Yee Chin
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang, Kuantan Pahang Malaysia
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4
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Tian F, Cai L, Liu C, Sun J. Microfluidic technologies for nanoparticle formation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:512-529. [PMID: 35048096 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional nanoparticles (NPs) hold immense promise in diverse fields due to their unique biological, chemical, and physical properties associated with size or morphology. Microfluidic technologies featuring precise fluid manipulation have become versatile toolkits for manufacturing NPs in a highly controlled manner with low batch-to-batch variability. In this review, we present the fundamentals of microfluidic fabrication strategies, including mixing-, droplet-, and multiple field-based microfluidic methods. We highlight the formation of functional NPs using these microfluidic reactors, with an emphasis on lipid NPs, polymer NPs, lipid-polymer hybrid NPs, supramolecular NPs, metal and metal-oxide NPs, metal-organic framework NPs, covalent organic framework NPs, quantum dots, perovskite nanocrystals, biomimetic NPs, etc. we discuss future directions in microfluidic fabrication for accelerated development of functional NPs, such as device parallelization for large-scale NP production, highly efficient optimization of NP formulations, and AI-guided design of multi-step microfluidic reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Tian
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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5
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Basiri H, Mohseni SS, Abouei Mehrizi A, Rajabnejadkeleshteri A, Ghaee A, Farokhi M, Kumacheva E. Composite Microgels for Imaging-Monitored Tracking of the Delivery of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor to Ischemic Muscles. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5162-5172. [PMID: 34793119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Monitoring the supply of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to ischemic tissues provides information on its biodistribution and delivery to meet the requirements of therapeutic angiogenesis and tissue engineering applications. We herein report the use of microfluidically generated microgels containing VEGF-conjugated fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) (VEGF-CDs), a gelatin-phenol conjugate, and silk fibroin for imaging-monitored tracking of VEGF delivery to ischemic muscles. An in vitro release study and a bioactivity assay indicated that the VEGF-CDs were released in a sustained manner with high bioactivity. The microgels showed a high angiogenesis potential, along with a strong fluorescent signal, for the chicken chorioallantoic membrane and chick embryo. Imaging and studies of therapeutic modalities of the composite microgels indicated their effective localization in ischemic tissues and sustained VEGF release, which resulted in enhanced therapeutic angiogenesis of ischemic muscles. This work reveals the success of using VEGF-loaded composite polymer microgels for efficient and monitored VEGF delivery by intramuscular administration for ischemic disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Basiri
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Sepehr Mohseni
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Ali Abouei Mehrizi
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Alireza Rajabnejadkeleshteri
- Biomaterials Group, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering (Center of Excellence), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran 1591634311, Iran
| | - Azadeh Ghaee
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran 14174, Iran
| | - Mehdi Farokhi
- National Cell Bank of Iran, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 1316943551, Iran
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto M5S 3H6, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 4 Taddle Creek Road, Toronto M5S 3G9, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto M5S3E5, Ontario, Canada
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6
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Strategies to load therapeutics into polysaccharide-based nanogels with a focus on microfluidics: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 266:118119. [PMID: 34044935 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays nanoparticles are increasingly investigated for the targeted and controlled delivery of therapeutics, as suggested by the high number of research articles (2400 in 2000 vs 8500 in 2020). Among them, almost 2% investigated nanogels in 2020. Nanogels or nanohydrogels (NGs) are nanoparticles formed by a swollen three-dimensional network of synthetic polymers or natural macromolecules such as polysaccharides. NGs represent a highly versatile nanocarrier, able to deliver a number of therapeutics. Currently, NGs are undergoing clinical trials for the delivery of anti-cancer vaccines. Herein, the strategies to load low molecular weight drugs, (poly)peptides and genetic material into polysaccharide NGs as well as to formulate NGs-based vaccines are summarized, with a focus on the microfluidics approach.
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7
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Kwizera EA, Sun M, White AM, Li J, He X. Methods of Generating Dielectrophoretic Force for Microfluidic Manipulation of Bioparticles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:2043-2063. [PMID: 33871975 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of microscale bioparticles including living cells is of great significance to the broad bioengineering and biotechnology fields. Dielectrophoresis (DEP), which is defined as the interactions between dielectric particles and the electric field, is one of the most widely used techniques for the manipulation of bioparticles including cell separation, sorting, and trapping. Bioparticles experience a DEP force if they have a different polarization from the surrounding media in an electric field that is nonuniform in terms of the intensity and/or phase of the electric field. A comprehensive literature survey shows that the DEP-based microfluidic devices for manipulating bioparticles can be categorized according to the methods of creating the nonuniformity via patterned microchannels, electrodes, and media to generate the DEP force. These methods together with the theory of DEP force generation are described in this review, to provide a summary of the methods and materials that have been used to manipulate various bioparticles for various specific biological outcomes. Further developments of DEP-based technologies include identifying materials that better integrate with electrodes than current popular materials (silicone/glass) and improving the performance of DEP manipulation of bioparticles by combining it with other methods of handling bioparticles. Collectively, DEP-based microfluidic manipulation of bioparticles holds great potential for various biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyahb A Kwizera
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Mingrui Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Alisa M White
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Jianrong Li
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Xiaoming He
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States.,Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States.,Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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8
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Niculescu AG, Chircov C, Bîrcă AC, Grumezescu AM. Nanomaterials Synthesis through Microfluidic Methods: An Updated Overview. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:864. [PMID: 33800636 PMCID: PMC8066900 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices emerged due to an interdisciplinary "collision" between chemistry, physics, biology, fluid dynamics, microelectronics, and material science. Such devices can act as reaction vessels for many chemical and biological processes, reducing the occupied space, equipment costs, and reaction times while enhancing the quality of the synthesized products. Due to this series of advantages compared to classical synthesis methods, microfluidic technology managed to gather considerable scientific interest towards nanomaterials production. Thus, a new era of possibilities regarding the design and development of numerous applications within the pharmaceutical and medical fields has emerged. In this context, the present review provides a thorough comparison between conventional methods and microfluidic approaches for nanomaterials synthesis, presenting the most recent research advancements within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelina-Gabriela Niculescu
- Faculty of Engineering in Foreign Languages, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristina Chircov
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandra Cătălina Bîrcă
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (C.C.); (A.C.B.)
- Research Institute of the University of Bucharest—ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania
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9
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Zhang L, Chen Q, Ma Y, Sun J. Microfluidic Methods for Fabrication and Engineering of Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:107-120. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Yao Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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10
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Shen Y. Microfluidics for Cancer Nanomedicine: From Fabrication to Evaluation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800360. [PMID: 29806174 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled drug delivery systems (sDDSs), made from nanocarriers and drugs, are one of the major types of nanomedicines, many of which are in clinical use, under preclinical investigation, or in clinical trials. One of the hurdles of this type of nanomedicine in real applications is the inherent complexity of their fabrication processes, which generally lack precise control over the sDDS structures and the batch-to-batch reproducibility. Furthermore, the classic 2D in vitro cell model, monolayer cell culture, has been used to evaluate sDDSs. However, 2D cell culture cannot adequately replicate in vivo tissue-level structures and their highly complex dynamic 3D environments, nor can it simulate their functions. Thus, evaluations using 2D cell culture often cannot correctly correlate with sDDS behaviors and effects in humans. Microfluidic technology offers novel solutions to overcome these problems and facilitates studying the structure-performance relationships for sDDS developments. In this Review, recent advances in microfluidics for 1) fabrication of sDDSs with well-defined physicochemical properties, such as size, shape, rigidity, and drug-loading efficiency, and 2) fabrication of 3D-cell cultures as "tissue/organ-on-a-chip" platforms for evaluations of sDDS biological performance are in focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yifeng Zhu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Center for Bionanoengineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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11
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Sanjay ST, Zhou W, Dou M, Tavakoli H, Ma L, Xu F, Li X. Recent advances of controlled drug delivery using microfluidic platforms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 128:3-28. [PMID: 28919029 PMCID: PMC5854505 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conventional systematically-administered drugs distribute evenly throughout the body, get degraded and excreted rapidly while crossing many biological barriers, leaving minimum amounts of the drugs at pathological sites. Controlled drug delivery aims to deliver drugs to the target sites at desired rates and time, thus enhancing the drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics, and bioavailability while maintaining minimal side effects. Due to a number of unique advantages of the recent microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technology, microfluidic lab-on-a-chip has provided unprecedented opportunities for controlled drug delivery. Drugs can be efficiently delivered to the target sites at desired rates in a well-controlled manner by microfluidic platforms via integration, implantation, localization, automation, and precise control of various microdevice parameters. These features accordingly make reproducible, on-demand, and tunable drug delivery become feasible. On-demand self-tuning dynamic drug delivery systems have shown great potential for personalized drug delivery. This review presents an overview of recent advances in controlled drug delivery using microfluidic platforms. The review first briefly introduces microfabrication techniques of microfluidic platforms, followed by detailed descriptions of numerous microfluidic drug delivery systems that have significantly advanced the field of controlled drug delivery. Those microfluidic systems can be separated into four major categories, namely drug carrier-free micro-reservoir-based drug delivery systems, highly integrated carrier-free microfluidic lab-on-a-chip systems, drug carrier-integrated microfluidic systems, and microneedles. Microneedles can be further categorized into five different types, i.e. solid, porous, hollow, coated, and biodegradable microneedles, for controlled transdermal drug delivery. At the end, we discuss current limitations and future prospects of microfluidic platforms for controlled drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma T. Sanjay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Maowei Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
| | - Hamed Tavakoli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - XiuJun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
- Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, Texas, 79968, USA, Richland, Washington, 99354, USA
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12
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Damiati S, Kompella UB, Damiati SA, Kodzius R. Microfluidic Devices for Drug Delivery Systems and Drug Screening. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E103. [PMID: 29462948 PMCID: PMC5852599 DOI: 10.3390/genes9020103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidic devices present unique advantages for the development of efficient drug carrier particles, cell-free protein synthesis systems, and rapid techniques for direct drug screening. Compared to bulk methods, by efficiently controlling the geometries of the fabricated chip and the flow rates of multiphase fluids, microfluidic technology enables the generation of highly stable, uniform, monodispersed particles with higher encapsulation efficiency. Since the existing preclinical models are inefficient drug screens for predicting clinical outcomes, microfluidic platforms might offer a more rapid and cost-effective alternative. Compared to 2D cell culture systems and in vivo animal models, microfluidic 3D platforms mimic the in vivo cell systems in a simple, inexpensive manner, which allows high throughput and multiplexed drug screening at the cell, organ, and whole-body levels. In this review, the generation of appropriate drug or gene carriers including different particle types using different configurations of microfluidic devices is highlighted. Additionally, this paper discusses the emergence of fabricated microfluidic cell-free protein synthesis systems for potential use at point of care as well as cell-, organ-, and human-on-a-chip models as smart, sensitive, and reproducible platforms, allowing the investigation of the effects of drugs under conditions imitating the biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Damiati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Uday B Kompella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ophthalmology, and Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
| | - Safa A Damiati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rimantas Kodzius
- Mathematics and Natural Sciences Department, The American University of Iraq, Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah 46001, Iraq.
- Materials Genome Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU), 80539 Munich, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), 81675 Munich, Germany.
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13
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Hu Y, Ma B, Zhang Y, Wang M. Small molecule-folic acid modification on nanopatterned PDMS and investigation on its surface property. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:487-97. [PMID: 24627217 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-014-9851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Folic acid (or folate, FA) has attracted considerable attention for cancer therapy. As one small molecule, its receptor (folate receptor, FR) is significantly overexpressed on the surface of many human tumor cells compared with normal cells. In this work, physical and chemical coupled modification method, that is the combination of nanoimprinting technique and graft polymerization, was adopted to modify FA on nanopatterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface for possible application in micro-nanofluidic cytology. The surface property of differently treated PDMS was characterized by FTIR, AFM and contact angle measurement. AO/PI double staining, cell counting and MTT method were performed to examine the potential influence of FA modified nanopatterned PDMS on human cervical carcinoma (HeLa) cell behavior. Both FA modification and nanostructure have positive effect on the growth and viability of HeLa cells. It is the first time that the small molecule-folic acid was used to immobilize on the surface of PDMS in order to improve its surface property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hu
- Institute of Microanalytical Systems, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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14
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Khan IU, Serra CA, Anton N, Vandamme TF. Production of nanoparticle drug delivery systems with microfluidics tools. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:547-62. [PMID: 25345543 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.974547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays the development of composite nano- and microparticles is an extensively studied area of research. This interest is growing because of the potential use of such particles in drug delivery systems. Indeed they can be used in various medical disciplines depending upon their sizes and their size distribution, which determine their final biomedical applications. AREAS COVERED Amongst the different techniques to produce nanoparticles, microfluidic techniques allow preparing particles having a specific size, a narrow size distribution and high encapsulation efficiency with ease. This review covers the general description of microfluidics, its techniques, advantages and disadvantages with focus on the encapsulation of active principles in polymeric nanoparticles as well as on pure drug nanoparticles. Polymeric nanoparticles constitute the majority of the examples reported; however lipid nanoparticulate systems (DNA, SiRNA nanocarriers) are very comparable and their formulation processes are in most cases exactly similar. Accordingly this review focuses also on active ingredient nanoparticles formulated by nanoprecipitation processes in microfluidic devices in general. It also provides detailed description of the different geometries of most common microfluidic devices and the crucial parameters involved in techniques designed to obtain the desired properties. EXPERT OPINION Although the classical fabrication of nanoparticles drug delivery systems in batch is extremely well-described and developed, their production with microfluidic tools arises today as an emerging field with much more potential. In this review we present and discuss these new possibilities for biomedical applications through the current emerging developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Ullah Khan
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS UMR 7199, Laboratoire de Conception et Application de Molécules Bioactives, Faculty of Pharmacy , 74 route du Rhin, 67401 Illkirch Cedex , France
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Khan IU, Serra CA, Anton N, Vandamme T. Microfluidics: A focus on improved cancer targeted drug delivery systems. J Control Release 2013; 172:1065-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Polymer–drug conjugates: present state of play and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2013; 18:1316-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Tsui JH, Lee W, Pun SH, Kim J, Kim DH. Microfluidics-assisted in vitro drug screening and carrier production. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1575-88. [PMID: 23856409 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic platforms provide several unique advantages for drug development. In the production of drug carriers, physical properties such as size and shape, and chemical properties such as drug composition and pharmacokinetic parameters, can be modified simply and effectively by tuning the flow rate and geometries. Large numbers of carriers can then be fabricated with minimal effort and with little to no batch-to-batch variation. Additionally, cell or tissue culture models in microfluidic systems can be used as in vitro drug screening tools. Compared to in vivo animal models, microfluidic drug screening platforms allow for high-throughput and reproducible screening at a significantly lower cost, and when combined with current advances in tissue engineering, are also capable of mimicking native tissues. In this review, various microfluidic platforms for drug and gene carrier fabrication are reviewed to provide guidelines for designing appropriate carriers. In vitro microfluidic drug screening platforms designed for high-throughput analysis and replication of in vivo conditions are also reviewed to highlight future directions for drug research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan H Tsui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Abstract
In the past decade, novel materials, probes and tools have enabled fundamental and applied cancer researchers to take a fresh look at the complex problem of tumour invasion and metastasis. These new tools, which include imaging modalities, controlled but complex in vitro culture conditions, and the ability to model and predict complex processes in vivo, represent an integration of traditional with novel engineering approaches; and their potential effect on quantitatively understanding tumour progression and invasion looks promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad H Zaman
- The Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Street, Boston MA 02215, USA.
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Wang CW, Bains A, Sinton D, Moffitt MG. Flow-directed loading of block copolymer micelles with hydrophobic probes in a gas-liquid microreactor. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:8385-8394. [PMID: 23738688 DOI: 10.1021/la400011n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the loading efficiencies of two chemically distinct hydrophobic fluorescent probes, pyrene and naphthalene, for self-assembly and loading of polystyrene-block-poly(acrylic acid) (PS-b-PAA) micelles in gas-liquid segmented microfluidic reactors under different chemical and flow conditions. On-chip loading efficiencies are compared to values obtained via off-chip dropwise water addition to a solution of copolymer and probe. On-chip, probe loading efficiencies depend strongly on the chemical probe, initial solvent, water content, and flow rate. For pyrene and naphthalene probes, maximum on-chip loading efficiencies of 73 ± 6% and 11 ± 3%, respectively, are obtained, in both cases using the more polar solvent (DMF), an intermediate water content (2 wt % above critical), and a low flow rate (∼5 μL/min); these values are compared to 81 ± 6% and 48 ± 2%, respectively, for off-chip loading. On-chip loading shows a significant improvement over the off-chip process where shear-induced formation of smaller micelles enables increased encapsulation of probe. As well, we show that on-chip loading allows off-chip release kinetics to be controlled via flow rate: compared to vehicles produced at ∼5 μL/min, pyrene release kinetics from vehicles produced at ∼50 μL/min showed a longer initial period of burst release, followed by slow release over a longer total period. These results demonstrate the necessity to match probes, solvents, and running conditions to achieve effective loading, which is essential information for further developing these on-chip platforms for manufacturing drug delivery formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3V6
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Fabrication and characterization of monodisperse PLGA-alginate core-shell microspheres with monodisperse size and homogeneous shells for controlled drug release. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7410-9. [PMID: 23535235 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse PLGA-alginate core-shell microspheres with controlled size and homogeneous shells were first fabricated using capillary microfluidic devices for the purpose of controlling drug release kinetics. Sizes of PLGA cores were readily controlled by the geometries of microfluidic devices and the fluid flow rates. PLGA microspheres with sizes ranging from 15 to 50μm were fabricated to investigate the influence of the core size on the release kinetics. Rifampicin was loaded into both monodisperse PLGA microspheres and PLGA-alginate core-shell microspheres as a model drug for the release kinetics studies. The in vitro release of rifampicin showed that the PLGA core of all sizes exhibited sigmoid release patterns, although smaller PLGA cores had a higher release rate and a shorter lag phase. The shell could modulate the drug release kinetics as a buffer layer and a near-zero-order release pattern was observed when the drug release rate of the PLGA core was high enough. The biocompatibility of PLGA-alginate core-shell microspheres was assessed by MTT assay on L929 mouse fibroblasts cell line and no obvious cytotoxicity was found. This technique provides a convenient method to control the drug release kinetics of the PLGA microsphere by delicately controlling the microstructures. The obtained monodisperse PLGA-alginate core-shell microspheres with monodisperse size and homogeneous shells could be a promising device for controlled drug release.
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Sun J, Xianyu Y, Li M, Liu W, Zhang L, Liu D, Liu C, Hu G, Jiang X. A microfluidic origami chip for synthesis of functionalized polymeric nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2013; 5:5262-5. [PMID: 23652785 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr01289a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This report demonstrates a microfluidic origami chip to synthesize monodisperse, doxorubicin-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles with diameters of ~100 nm, a size optimized for cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy, but difficult to achieve with existing approaches. This three-dimensional design in a microchannel may allow for the fabrication of polymeric nanoparticles in this size regime with ease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashu Sun
- CAS Key Lab for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for NanoScience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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Kovarik ML, Ornoff DM, Melvin AT, Dobes NC, Wang Y, Dickinson AJ, Gach PC, Shah PK, Allbritton NL. Micro total analysis systems: fundamental advances and applications in the laboratory, clinic, and field. Anal Chem 2013; 85:451-72. [PMID: 23140554 PMCID: PMC3546124 DOI: 10.1021/ac3031543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Kovarik
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Douglas M. Ornoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Adam T. Melvin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Nicholas C. Dobes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Yuli Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Alexandra J. Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Philip C. Gach
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Pavak K. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
| | - Nancy L. Allbritton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Advanced materials and processing for drug delivery: the past and the future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:104-20. [PMID: 23088863 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of efficient drug delivery systems are of vital importance for medicine and healthcare. Materials innovation and nanotechnology have synergistically fueled the advancement of drug delivery. Innovation in material chemistry allows the generation of biodegradable, biocompatible, environment-responsive, and targeted delivery systems. Nanotechnology enables control over size, shape and multi-functionality of particulate drug delivery systems. In this review, we focus on the materials innovation and processing of drug delivery systems and how these advances have shaped the past and may influence the future of drug delivery.
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Nurunnabi M, Khatun Z, Moon WC, Lee G, Lee YK. Heparin based nanoparticles for cancer targeting and noninvasive imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2012; 2:219-26. [PMID: 23256083 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2012.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Numerous papers on heparin nanoparticles have been reported regarding targeting therapy and biomedical imaging. Here, we have summarized the prospects and opportunities of heparin as a carrier for cancer targeting and imaging. First, we proposed heparin-anticancer drug conjugates showing higher anticancer activity than free drug. The conjugated heparin (heparin-deoxycholate sodium) retained its ability to bind with angiogenic factors, showing a significant decrease in endothelial tubular formation. Second, targeting ligands conjugated heparin derivatives have introduced for a receptor mediated delivery of anticancer drug. Heparin-folic acid-retinoic acid (HFR) bioconjugates for treating cancer cells showed 3 fold higher efficacy than heparin-retinoic acid (HR). Besides active and passive targeting drug delivery, several papers have been reported regarding delivery of imaging agents by heparin nanoparticles. Finally, this research highlight has covered imaging agents such as gold nanoparticles and quantum dots (QDs) for noninvasive biomedical imaging. Very recently our group demonstrated that semiconductor QDs loaded heparin nanoparticles could also be administered through orally for noninvasive imaging. Due to promising features of heparin such as less toxic polysaccharide and easier modification, it was considered as a potent carrier for imaging agent and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungbuk, 380-702 Republic of Korea
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Beh CW, Zhou W, Wang TH. PDMS-glass bonding using grafted polymeric adhesive--alternative process flow for compatibility with patterned biological molecules. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4120-7. [PMID: 22858861 PMCID: PMC3696384 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40315c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel modification of silicone elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a polymer graft that allows interfacial bonding between an elastomer and glass substrate to be performed without exposure of the substrate to harsh treatment conditions, such as oxygen plasma. Organic molecules can thus be patterned within microfluidic channels and still remain functional post-bonding. In addition, after polymer grafting the PDMS can be stored in a desiccator for at least 40 days, and activated upon exposure to acidic buffer for bonding. The bonded devices remain fully bonded in excess of 80 psi driving pressure, with no signs of compromise to the bond integrity. Finally, we demonstrate the compatibility of our method with biological molecules using a proof-of-concept DNA sensing device, in which fluorescently-labelled DNA targets are successfully captured by a patterned probe in a device sealed using our method, while the pattern on a plasma-treated device was completely destroyed. Therefore, this method provides a much-needed alternative bonding process for incorporation of biological molecules in microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrus Weijie Beh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Tel: +1 4105167086
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis Singapore 138632
| | - Weizhuang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Tel: +1 4105167086
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 1 Fusionopolis Way, Connexis Singapore 138632
| | - Tza-Huei Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Tel: +1 4105167086
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Majedi FS, Hasani-Sadrabadi MM, Emami SH, Taghipoor M, Dashtimoghadam E, Bertsch A, Moaddel H, Renaud P. Microfluidic synthesis of chitosan-based nanoparticles for fuel cell applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:7744-6. [PMID: 22760418 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc33253a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A microfluidic platform is developed for the synthesis of monodisperse, 100 nm, chitosan based nanoparticles using nanogelation with ATP. The resulting nanoparticles tuned and enhanced transport and electrochemical properties of Nafion based nanocomposite membranes, which is highly favorable for fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Majedi
- Laboratoire de Microsystemes (LMIS4), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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