1
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Tahir H, Eedugurala N, Hsu SN, Mahalingavelar P, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW, Azoulay JD. Large Room-Temperature Magnetoresistance in a High-Spin Donor-Acceptor Conjugated Polymer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306389. [PMID: 37909315 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Open-shell conjugated polymers (CPs) offer new opportunities for the development of emerging technologies that utilize the spin degree of freedom. Their light-element composition, weak spin-orbit coupling, synthetic modularity, high chemical stability, and solution-processability offer attributes that are unavailable from other semiconducting materials. However, developing an understanding of how electronic structure correlates with emerging transport phenomena remains central to their application. Here, the first connections between molecular, electronic, and solid-state transport in a high-spin donor-acceptor CP, poly(4-(4-(3,5-didodecylbenzylidene)-4H-cyclopenta[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-6,7-dimethyl-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline), are provided. At low temperatures (T < 180 K), a giant negative magnetoresistance (MR) is achieved in a thin-film device with a value of -98% at 10 K, which surpasses the performance of all other organic materials. The thermal depopulation of the high-spin manifold and negative MR decrease as temperature increases and at T > 180 K, the MR becomes positive with a relatively large MR of 13.5% at room temperature. Variable temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements demonstrate that modulation of both the sign and magnitude of the MR correlates with the electronic and spin structure of the CP. These results indicate that donor-acceptor CPs with open-shell and high-spin ground states offer new opportunities for emerging spin-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamas Tahir
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W. Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Naresh Eedugurala
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sheng-Ning Hsu
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W. Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Paramasivam Mahalingavelar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W. Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W. Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jason D Azoulay
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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2
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Ishigaki Y, Harimoto T, Shimajiri T, Suzuki T. Carbon-based Biradicals: Structural and Magnetic Switching. Chem Rev 2023; 123:13952-13965. [PMID: 37948658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Sterically hindered C═C double bonds often deform into a bent or twisted geometry. Thus, many overcrowded ethylenes or anthraquinodimethanes can adopt multiple conformations, such as a folded form or a twisted form, which are interconvertible under the application of external stimuli. A perpendicular form with biradical character can also be adopted when designed to incorporate a stable carbon-based radical unit, which is involved in stimuli-responsive magnetic switching accompanied by a structural change. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of such strained π-electron systems and reveals the factors that affect the mutual interconversion and switching behavior. The energy barrier for the interconversion of conformational isomers is affected by the tricyclic skeleton or bulky substituents on the C═C double bonds, whereas the relative stability of the perpendicular biradical form increases with the additional insertion of 9,10-anthrylene units into the C═C double bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Ishigaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takashi Harimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Takuya Shimajiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
- Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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3
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Yang G, Yun YJ, Peccati F, Jamhawi AM, Kamatham N, Jockusch S, Jiménez-Osés G, Ayitou AJL. Unraveling the Photophysical Characteristics, Aromaticity, and Stability of π-Extended Acene-Quinodimethyl Thioamides†. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200906. [PMID: 37545345 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly-aromatic systems that contain quinodimethyl (QDM) units are appealing for several photonic and spintronic applications owing to the unique electronic structure, aromaticity, and spin state(s) of the QDM ring. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel QDM-based chromophores 1-3, which exhibit unique photo-excited behavior and aromaticity. Extending the aromatic core with a biphenyl/phenanthryl- and a pyrrolo-fragment led to reducing the optoelectronic bandgap and modulating the photophysics QDM 1-3. Yet, QDM 2 and 3 suffer from "aromaticity imbalance" and become relatively unstable compared to the parent compound QDM 1. Further assessment of local aromaticity using computational tools revealed that the pseudo-quinoidal ring B is the main driving force allowing to easily populate the excited triplet state of these chromophores. The present study provides complementary guidelines for designing novel non-classical poly-aromatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Young Ju Yun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Francesca Peccati
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Abdelqader M Jamhawi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Nareshbabu Kamatham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Steffen Jockusch
- Department of Chemistry & Center for Photochemical Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Gonzalo Jiménez-Osés
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 800, 48160, Derio, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - A Jean-Luc Ayitou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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4
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Itoh T, Kondo F, Suzuki T, Inayoshi K, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Miyata M. Elucidation of Substituent-Responsive Reactivities via Hierarchical and Asymmetric Assemblies in Crystalline p-Quinodimethane Derivatives. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301327. [PMID: 37439484 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a mechanism for substituent-responsive reactivities of p-quinodimethane derivatives with four ester groups through their hierarchical and asymmetric assembly modes. Four asymmetric 7,8,8-tris(methoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes with a 7-positioned ethoxycarbonyl (2 a(H)), 2'-fluoroethoxycarbonyl (2 b(F)), 2'-chloroethoxycarbonyl (2 c(Cl)), or 2'-bromoethoxycarbonyl (2 d(Br)) were synthesized and crystallized. 2 a(H), 2 b(F) and 2 d(Br) afforded only one shape crystal, while 2 c(Cl) did two polymorphic 2 c(Cl)-α and 2 c(Cl)-β. UV-irradiation induced topochemical polymerization for 2 a(H), no reactions for 2 b(F) and 2 c(Cl)-α, and [6+6] photocycloaddition dimerization for 2 c(Cl)-β and 2 d(Br). Such substituent-responsive reactivities and crystal structures were compared with those of the known symmetric 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(alkoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethanes such as 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl)- (1 a(Me)-α and 1 a(Me)-β), 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)- (1 b(Et)), and 7,7,8,8-tetrakis(bromoethoxycarbonyl)- (1 c(BrEt)). The comparative study clarified that the reactivities and crystal structures are classified into four types that link to each other. This linkage is understandable when we analyze the crystal structures through the following hierarchical and asymmetric assemblies; conformers, dimers, one dimensional (1D)-columns, two dimensional (2D)-sheets, and three dimensional (3D)-stacked sheets (3D-crystals). This supramolecular viewpoint is supported by intermolecular interaction energies among neighbored molecules with the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Such research enables us to elucidate the substituent-responsive reactivities of the crystals, and reminds us of the selection of the right path in a so-called "maze game".
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Itoh
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Kondo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takumi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kohji Inayoshi
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uno
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masataka Kubo
- Department of Chemistry for Materials, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, 1577 Kurimamachiya-cho, Tsu-shi, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Tohnai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiji Miyata
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (SANKEN), Osaka University 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
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5
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Kundu G, Dash SR, Kumar R, Vanka K, Ghosh A, Sen SS. Enhancing Diradical Character of Chichibabin's Hydrocarbon through Fluoride Substitution. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300273. [PMID: 37409641 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 5-SIDipp [SIDipp=1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazolin-2-ylidene] (1) derived Chichibabin's hydrocarbon with an octafluorobiphenylene spacer (3) has been reported. The addition of two equivalents of 5-SIDipp with decafluorobiphenyl in presence of BF3 gives the double C-F bond activated imidazolium salt with two tetrafluoroborate anions, 2. Further reduction of 2 gives the fluorine substituted 5-SIDipp based Chichibabin's hydrocarbon, 3. Quantum chemical calculations suggested a singlet state of 3 with a singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T ) of 3.7 kcal mol-1 , which is substantially lower with respect to the hydrogen substituted NHC-based Chichibabin's hydrocarbons (10.7 kcal mol-1 , B3LYP). As a result, the diradical character (y) of 3 (y=0.62) is also noticeably higher than the hydrogen substituted CHs (y=0.41-0.43). The ▵ES-T was found to be higher in CASSCF (22.24 kcal mol-1 ) and CASPT2 (11.17 kcal mol-1 ) for 3 and the diradical character (d) is 44.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Kundu
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Soumya Ranjan Dash
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ravi Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Kumar Vanka
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
- Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Aryya Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Sakya S Sen
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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6
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Sutherland GA, Pidgeon JP, Lee HKH, Proctor MS, Hitchcock A, Wang S, Chekulaev D, Tsoi WC, Johnson MP, Hunter CN, Clark J. Twisted Carotenoids Do Not Support Efficient Intramolecular Singlet Fission in the Orange Carotenoid Protein. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6135-6142. [PMID: 37364284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Singlet exciton fission is the spin-allowed generation of two triplet electronic excited states from a singlet state. Intramolecular singlet fission has been suggested to occur on individual carotenoid molecules within protein complexes provided that the conjugated backbone is twisted out of plane. However, this hypothesis has been forwarded only in protein complexes containing multiple carotenoids and bacteriochlorophylls in close contact. To test the hypothesis on twisted carotenoids in a "minimal" one-carotenoid system, we study the orange carotenoid protein (OCP). OCP exists in two forms: in its orange form (OCPo), the single bound carotenoid is twisted, whereas in its red form (OCPr), the carotenoid is planar. To enable room-temperature spectroscopy on canthaxanthin-binding OCPo and OCPr without laser-induced photoconversion, we trap them in a trehalose glass. Using transient absorption spectroscopy, we show that there is no evidence of long-lived triplet generation through intramolecular singlet fission despite the canthaxanthin twist in OCPo.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Sutherland
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - James P Pidgeon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Harrison Ka Hin Lee
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Shuangqing Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Dimitri Chekulaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Wing Chung Tsoi
- SPECIFIC, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Matthew P Johnson
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Plants, Photosynthesis and Soil, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, U.K
| | - Jenny Clark
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
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7
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Itoh T, Uno T, Kubo M, Tohnai N, Sanda F, Miyata M. Coiled-coil chains with Cis-conformations of Poly(7,7,8,8-tetrakis(ethoxycarbonyl)-p-quinodimethane) in solution on the basis of 1D monomer assemblies. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.112020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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8
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Davies DW, Seo B, Park SK, Shiring SB, Chung H, Kafle P, Yuan D, Strzalka JW, Weber R, Zhu X, Savoie BM, Diao Y. Unraveling two distinct polymorph transition mechanisms in one n-type single crystal for dynamic electronics. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1304. [PMID: 36944642 PMCID: PMC10030468 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cooperativity is used by living systems to circumvent energetic and entropic barriers to yield highly efficient molecular processes. Cooperative structural transitions involve the concerted displacement of molecules in a crystalline material, as opposed to typical molecule-by-molecule nucleation and growth mechanisms which often break single crystallinity. Cooperative transitions have acquired much attention for low transition barriers, ultrafast kinetics, and structural reversibility. However, cooperative transitions are rare in molecular crystals and their origin is poorly understood. Crystals of 2-dimensional quinoidal terthiophene (2DQTT-o-B), a high-performance n-type organic semiconductor, demonstrate two distinct thermally activated phase transitions following these mechanisms. Here we show reorientation of the alkyl side chains triggers cooperative behavior, tilting the molecules like dominos. Whereas, nucleation and growth transition is coincident with increasing alkyl chain disorder and driven by forming a biradical state. We establish alkyl chain engineering as integral to rationally controlling these polymorphic behaviors for novel electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel William Davies
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Bumjoon Seo
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, 232 Gongneung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Joellabuk-do, 55324, South Korea
| | - Stephen B Shiring
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hyunjoong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prapti Kafle
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Dafei Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Joseph W Strzalka
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ralph Weber
- Bruker BioSpin Corp., 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, 480 W Stadium Ave, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Ying Diao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, 405 N. Mathews Ave. M/C 251, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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9
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Dai Y, Xie Z, Bao M, Liu C, Su Y. Multiple stable redox states and tunable ground states via the marriage of viologens and Chichibabin's hydrocarbon †. Chem Sci 2023; 14:3548-3553. [PMID: 37006684 PMCID: PMC10056129 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00102d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Chichibabin's hydrocarbon and viologens are among the most famous diradicaloids and organic redox systems, respectively. However, each has its own disadvantages: the instability of the former and its charged species, and the closed-shell nature of the neutral species derived from the latter, respectively. Herein, we report that terminal borylation and central distortion of 4,4′-bipyridine allow us to readily isolate the first bis-BN-based analogues (1 and 2) of Chichibabin's hydrocarbon with three stable redox states and tunable ground states. Electrochemically, both compounds exhibit two reversible oxidation processes with wide redox ranges. One- and two-electron chemical oxidations of 1 afford the crystalline radical cation 1˙+ and dication 12+, respectively. Moreover, the ground states of 1 and 2 are tunable with 1 as a closed-shell singlet and the tetramethyl-substituted 2 as an open-shell singlet, the latter of which could be thermally excited to its triplet state because of the small singlet-triplet gap. Herein, we report the isolation of bis-BN-based species 1 and 2 with multiple stable redox states. Their ground states are tunable with 1 as a closed-shell singlet and 2 as an open-shell singlet with a small singlet-triplet gap.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China
| | - Zhuofeng Xie
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China
| | - Manling Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China
| | - Chunmeng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China
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10
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Design of an open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid with tunable stimuli-responsive electronic properties. Commun Chem 2022; 5:127. [PMID: 36697916 PMCID: PMC9814612 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic diradicaloids usually display an open-shell singlet ground state with significant singlet diradical character (y0) which endow them with intriguing physiochemical properties and wide applications. In this study, we present the design of an open-shell nitrogen-centered diradicaloid which can reversibly respond to multiple stimuli and display the tunable diradical character and chemo-physical properties. 1a was successfully synthesized through a simple and high-yielding two-step synthetic strategy. Both experimental and calculated results indicated that 1a displayed an open-shell singlet ground state with small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔES-T = -2.311 kcal mol-1) and a modest diradical character (y0 = 0.60). Interestingly, 1a was demonstrated to undergo reversible Lewis acid-base reaction to form acid-base adducts, which was proven to effectively tune the ground-state electronic structures of 1a as well as its diradical character and spin density distributions. Based on this, we succeeded in devising a photoresponsive system based on 1a and a commercially available photoacid merocyanine (MEH). We believe that our studies including the molecular design methodology and the stimuli-responsive organic diradicaloid system will open up a new way to develop organic diradicaloids with tunable properties and even intelligent-responsive diradicaloid-based materials.
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11
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Zhou D, Zhang H, Zheng H, Xu Z, Xu H, Guo H, Li P, Tong Y, Hu B, Chen L. Recent Advances and Prospects of Small Molecular Organic Thermoelectric Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200679. [PMID: 35285160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials possess unique energy conversion capabilities between heat and electrical energy. Small organic semiconductors have aroused widespread attention for the fabrication of TE devices due to their advantages of low toxicity, large area, light weight, and easy fabrication. However, the low TE properties hinder their large-scale commercial application. Herein, the basic knowledge about TE materials, including parameters affecting the TE performance and the remaining challenges of the organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials, are initially summarized in detail. Second, the optimization strategies of power factor, including the selection and design of dopants and structural modification of the dope-host are introduced. Third, some achievements of p- and n-type small molecular OTE materials are highlighted to briefly provide their future developing trend; finally, insights on the future development of OTE materials are also provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Hehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Haolan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Zhentian Xu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Huilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Peining Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yongfen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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12
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Park H, Kim D, Ma BS, Shin E, Kim Y, Kim T, Kim FS, Kim I, Kim BJ. High-Performance, Flexible NO 2 Chemiresistors Achieved by Design of Imine-Incorporated n-Type Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200270. [PMID: 35306754 PMCID: PMC9109064 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and mechanically robust gas sensors are the key technologies for wearable and implantable electronics. Herein, the authors demonstrate the high-performance, flexible nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ) chemiresistors using a series of n-type conjugated polymers (CPs: PNDIT2/IM-x) and a polymer dopant (poly(ethyleneimine), PEI). Imine double bonds (C = N) are incorporated into the backbones of the CPs with different imine contents (x) to facilitate strong and selective interactions with NO2 . The PEI provides doping stability, enhanced electrical conductivity, and flexibility. As a result, the NO2 sensors with PNDIT2/IM-0.1 and PEI (1:1 by weight ratio) exhibit outstanding sensing performances, such as excellent sensitivity (ΔR/Rb = 240% @ 1 ppm), ultralow detection limit (0.1 ppm), high selectivity (ΔR/Rb < 8% @ 1 ppm of interfering analytes), and high stability, thereby outperforming other state-of-the-art CP-based chemiresistors. Furthermore, the thin film of PNDIT2/IM-0.1 and PEI blend is stretchable and mechanically robust, providing excellent flexibility to the NO2 sensors. Our study contributes to the rational design of high-performance flexible gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Ha Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Soo Ma
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Euichul Shin
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Taek‐Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Felix Sunjoo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceChung‐Ang University (CAU)Seoul06974Republic of Korea
| | - Il‐Doo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J. Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringKorea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)Daejeon34141Republic of Korea
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13
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Wang J, Cui H, Ruan H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Wang X. The Lewis Acid Induced Formation of a Stable Diradical with an Intramolecular Ion Pairing State. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7978-7982. [PMID: 35485969 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A stable cross-conjugated diradical was prepared by the reaction of a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) molecule with B(C6F5)3. Its geometry and electronic structure were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, EPR spectroscopy, SQUID measurement, UV/vis spectroscopy, and DFT calculation. It has an open-shell singlet ground state with a thermally excited triplet state. It can be viewed as an intramolecular radical ion pair, and the formation mechanism is proposed as an intramolecular single electron transfer that occurs from the bis(triarylamine) donor fragment to the central dioxophenyl acceptor moiety, induced by the acidic boron atom. This work provides a Lewis acid induced approach to the formation of neutral and cross-conjugated diradicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Haiyan Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Microelectronics and Materials Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou 545000, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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14
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Raman Activities of Cyano-Ester Quinoidal Oligothiophenes Reveal Their Diradical Character and the Proximity of the Low-Lying Double Exciton State. CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry4020025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quinoidal oligothiophenes have received considerable attention as interesting platforms with remarkable amphoteric redox behavior associated with their diradical character increasing with the conjugation lengths. In this work, we considered a family of quinoidal oligothiophenes bearing cyano-ester terminal groups and characterized them by UV-Vis-NIR absorption and Raman spectroscopy measurements at different excitation wavelengths. The experimental investigation is complemented by quantum-chemical studies to assess the quality of computed density functional theory (DFT) ground state structures and their influence on predicted Raman intensities. In addition, resonance conditions with the optically active HOMO→LUMO transition as well as with the more elusive state dominated by the doubly excited HOMO,HOMO→LUMO,LUMO configuration, are determined with DFT-MRCI calculations and their contributions to Raman activity enhancement are discussed in terms of computed vibrational Huang–Rhys (HR) factors.
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15
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Sun Q, Liu M, Ruan H, Chen C, Zhao Y, Tan G, Wang X. The cis/ trans conformation approach for tuning the magnetic coupling in a diradical: isolation of pure pyridine-based diradical dianions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:1708-1711. [PMID: 35023510 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05661a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-electron reductions of 3,3'-bis(2,6-dimesitylpyridin-4-yl)-1,1'-biphenyl 1 with elemental potassium in the absence and presence of 18-c-6 afforded the diradical dianion salts [K+]2˙[trans-1]˙˙2- and [K(18-c-6)]+2˙[cis-1]˙˙2-, which exhibit trans and cis configurations, respectively. The transoid conformer could be converted to the cisoid one through reacting with 18-c-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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16
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Li K, Feng Z, Ruan H, Sun Q, Zhao Y, Wang X. The catenation of a singlet diradical dication and modulation of diradical character by metal coordination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6457-6460. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01539k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A singlet bis(triarylamine) diradical dication and its zigzag 1D magnetic chain catenated by silver cations were isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, EPR spectroscopy, SQUID measurements, cyclic voltammetry and...
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17
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Sun L, Du T, Wang C, Geng D, Li L, Han Y, Deng Y. Indandione-Terminated Quinoidal Compounds for Low-Bandgap Small Molecules with Strong Near-Infrared Absorption: Effect of Conjugation Length on the Properties. Chemistry 2021; 27:17437-17443. [PMID: 34626039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Low-bandgap organic semiconductors have attracted much attention for their multiple applications in optoelectronics. However, the realization of narrow bandgap is challenging particularly for small molecules. Herein, we have synthesized four quinoidal compounds, i. e., QSN3, QSN4, QSN5 and QSN6, with electron rich S,N-heteroacene as the quinoidal core and indandione as the end-groups. The optical bandgap of the quinoidal compounds is systematically decreased with the extension of quinoidal skeleton, while maintaining stable closed-shell ground state. QSN6 absorbs an intense absorption in the first and second near-infrared region in the solid state, and has extremely low optical bandgap of 0.74 eV. Cyclic voltammetry analyses reveal that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the four quinoidal compounds all lie below -4.1 eV, resulting in good electron-transporting characteristics in organic thin-film transistors. These results demonstrated that the combination of π-extended quinoidal core and end-groups in quinoidal compounds is an effective strategy for the synthesis of low-bandgap small molecules with good stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Tian Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Dongling Geng
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, P. R. China
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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18
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Mok Y, Kim Y, Moon Y, Park JJ, Choi Y, Kim DY. Quinoidal Small Molecule Containing Ring-Extended Termini for Organic Field-Effect Transistors. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:27305-27314. [PMID: 34693151 PMCID: PMC8529684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we synthesized and characterized two quinoidal small molecules based on benzothiophene modified and original isatin terminal units, benzothiophene quinoidal thiophene (BzTQuT) and quinoidal thiophene (QuT), respectively, to investigate the effect of introducing a fused ring into the termini of quinoidal molecules. Extending the terminal unit of the quinoidal molecule affected the extension of π-electron delocalization and decreased the bond length alternation, which led to the downshifting of the collective Raman band and dramatically lowering the band gap. Organic field-effect transistor (OFET) devices in neat BzTQuT films showed p-type transport behavior with low hole mobility, which was ascribed to the unsuitable film morphology for charge transport. By blending with an amorphous insulating polymer, polystyrene, and poly(2-vinylnaphthalene), an OFET based on a BzTQuT film annealed at 150 °C exhibited improved mobility up to 0.09 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work successfully demonstrated that the extension of terminal groups into the quinoidal structure should be an effective strategy for constructing narrow band gap and high charge transporting organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yina Moon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Jin Park
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
(SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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19
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Sachinthani KAN, Panchuk JR, Wang Y, Zhu T, Sargent EH, Seferos DS. Thiophene- and selenophene-based conjugated polymeric mixed ionic/electronic conductors. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:134704. [PMID: 34624982 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed ionic/electronic conductors (MIECs) are desirable materials for next-generation electronic devices and energy storage applications. Polymeric MIECs are attractive from the standpoint that their structure can be controlled and anticipated to have mechanically robust properties. Here, we prepare and investigate conjugated copolymers containing thiophene and selenophene repeat units and their homopolymer counterparts. Specifically, thiophene bearing a triethylene glycol (EG3) side chain was polymerized and copolymerized with dodecyl thiophene/selenophene monomers. The synthesis leads to a class of copolymers that contain either S or Se and are blocky in nature. The Li-ion conductivity of ionically doped copolymers, P3DDT-s-P3(EG3)T and P3DDS-s-P3(EG3)T (9.7 × 10-6 and 8.2 × 10-6 S/cm, respectively), was 3-4 fold higher than that of the ionically doped constituent homopolymer, P3(EG3)T (2.2 × 10-6 S/cm), at ambient conditions. The electronic conductivity of the oxidatively doped copolymers was significantly higher than that of the constituent homopolymer P3(EG3)T, and most notably, P3DDS-s-P3(EG3)T reached ∼7 S/cm, which is the same order of magnitude as poly(3-dodecylthiophene) and poly(3-dodecylselenophene), which are the highest oxidatively doped conductors based on control experiments. Our findings provide implications for designing new MIECs based on copolymerization and the incorporation of heavy atom heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Niradha Sachinthani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jenny R Panchuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3H6, Canada
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20
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Chen Z, Li W, Sabuj MA, Li Y, Zhu W, Zeng M, Sarap CS, Huda MM, Qiao X, Peng X, Ma D, Ma Y, Rai N, Huang F. Evolution of the electronic structure in open-shell donor-acceptor organic semiconductors. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5889. [PMID: 34620849 PMCID: PMC8497548 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26173-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Most organic semiconductors have closed-shell electronic structures, however, studies have revealed open-shell character emanating from design paradigms such as narrowing the bandgap and controlling the quinoidal-aromatic resonance of the π-system. A fundamental challenge is understanding and identifying the molecular and electronic basis for the transition from a closed- to open-shell electronic structure and connecting the physicochemical properties with (opto)electronic functionality. Here, we report donor-acceptor organic semiconductors comprised of diketopyrrolopyrrole and naphthobisthiadiazole acceptors and various electron-rich donors commonly utilized in constructing high-performance organic semiconductors. Nuclear magnetic resonance, electron spin resonance, magnetic susceptibility measurements, single-crystal X-ray studies, and computational investigations connect the bandgap, π-extension, structural, and electronic features with the emergence of various degrees of diradical character. This work systematically demonstrates the widespread diradical character in the classical donor-acceptor organic semiconductors and provides distinctive insights into their ground state structure-property relationship.
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Grants
- The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2019B030302007), Innovation Research Group Project of Fund Committee (No. 51521002), National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFA0705900) funded by MOST, Natural Science Foundation of China (51973063, 21733005, 91633301), and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (No. 201707020019). MAS, CSS, MMH, and NR acknowledge the financial support from the National Science Foundation (OIA-1757220) for the computational aspects of this project. This work used supercomputing resources at the high-performance computing center at Mississippi State University and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE), which is supported by National Science Foundation grant number ACI-1548562. This work used XSEDE Stampede 2 at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) through allocation TG-CHE140141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxin Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Md Abdus Sabuj
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, United States
| | - Yuan Li
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
| | - Weiya Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Miao Zeng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Chandra S Sarap
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, United States
| | - Md Masrul Huda
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, United States
| | - Xianfeng Qiao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Dongge Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, United States.
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.
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21
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Pan L, Zhan T, Oh J, Zhang Y, Tang H, Yang M, Li M, Yang C, Liu X, Cai P, Duan C, Huang F, Cao Y. N-Type Quinoidal Polymers Based on Dipyrrolopyrazinedione for Application in All-Polymer Solar Cells. Chemistry 2021; 27:13527-13533. [PMID: 34406681 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated molecules and polymers with intrinsic quinoidal structure are promising n-type organic semiconductors, which have been reported for application in field-effect transistors and thermoelectric devices. In principle, the molecular and electronic characteristics of quinoidal polymers can also enable their application in organic solar cells. Herein, two quinoidal polymers, named PzDP-T and PzDP-ffT, based on dipyrrolopyrazinedione were synthesized and used as electron acceptors in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Both PzDP-T and PzDP-ffT showed suitable energy levels and wide light absorption range that extended to the near-infrared region. When combined with the polymer donor PBDB-T, the resulting all-PSCs based on PzDP-T and PzDP-ffT exhibited a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.33 and 2.37 %, respectively. This is the first report on the application of intrinsic quinoidal conjugated polymers in all-PSCs. The photovoltaic performance of the all-PSCs was revealed to be mainly limited by the relatively poor and imbalanced charge transport, considerable charge recombination. Detailed investigations on the structure-performance relationship suggested that synergistic optimization of light absorption, energy levels, and charge transport properties is needed to achieve more successful application of intrinsic quinoidal conjugated polymers in all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langheng Pan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Jiyeon Oh
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mingqun Yang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronic Devices and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Xi Liu
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for New Textile Materials, School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, P. R. China
| | - Ping Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Duan
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
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22
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Kousseff CJ, Halaksa R, Parr ZS, Nielsen CB. Mixed Ionic and Electronic Conduction in Small-Molecule Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4397-4419. [PMID: 34491034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule organic semiconductors have displayed remarkable electronic properties with a multitude of π-conjugated structures developed and fine-tuned over recent years to afford highly efficient hole- and electron-transporting materials. Already making a significant impact on organic electronic applications including organic field-effect transistors and solar cells, this class of materials is also now naturally being considered for the emerging field of organic bioelectronics. In efforts aimed at identifying and developing (semi)conducting materials for bioelectronic applications, particular attention has been placed on materials displaying mixed ionic and electronic conduction to interface efficiently with the inherently ionic biological world. Such mixed conductors are conveniently evaluated using an organic electrochemical transistor, which further presents itself as an ideal bioelectronic device for transducing biological signals into electrical signals. Here, we review recent literature relevant for the design of small-molecule mixed ionic and electronic conductors. We assess important classes of p- and n-type small-molecule semiconductors, consider structural modifications relevant for mixed conduction and for specific interactions with ionic species, and discuss the outlook of small-molecule semiconductors in the context of organic bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Kousseff
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Halaksa
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Zachary S Parr
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Christian B Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Shao X, Wang J, Marder TB, Xie Z, Liu J, Wang L. N–B ← N Bridged Bithiophene: A Building Block with Reduced Band Gap to Design n-Type Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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Wang C, Du T, Deng Y, Yao J, Li R, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Wei H, Dang Y, Li R, Geng Y. High-yield and sustainable synthesis of quinoidal compounds assisted by keto-enol tautomerism. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9366-9371. [PMID: 34349908 PMCID: PMC8278874 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc01685g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The classical synthesis of quinoids, which involves Takahashi coupling and subsequent oxidation, often gives only low to medium yields. Herein, we disclose the keto–enol-tautomerism-assisted spontaneous air oxidation of the coupling products to quinoids. This allows for the synthesis of various indandione-terminated quinoids in high isolated yields (85–95%). The origin of the high yield and the mechanism of the spontaneous air oxidation were ascertained by experiments and theoretical calculations. All the quinoidal compounds displayed unipolar n-type transport behavior, and single crystal field-effect transistors based on the micro-wires of a representative quinoid delivered an electron mobility of up to 0.53 cm2 V−1 s−1, showing the potential of this type of quinoid as an organic semiconductor. Facilitated by the highly efficient Pd-catalyzed coupling and keto–enol-tautomerism-assisted spontaneous air oxidation, various indandione-terminated quinoidal compounds have been synthesized in isolated yields up to 95%.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Tian Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Jiarong Yao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Riqing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xuxia Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Haipeng Wei
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
| | - Yanfeng Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Rongjin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China .,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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Sakai KI, Miyamoto N, Ogawa M, Kawano K, Akutagawa T. Photoinduced Generation of the π-Conjugated Zwitterionic State in the ESIPT Fluorophore of 2,4-Bisimidazolylphenol. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4784-4792. [PMID: 34060839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that 2,4-bis(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol (2,4-bImP) undergoes photoinduced conversion into the so-called "π-conjugated zwitterion" after causing an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction. The powder sample of 2,4-bImP exhibits largely Stokes-shifted fluorescence characteristics to ESIPT fluorophores. On the other hand, its originally colorless solutions become colored when exposed to UV light for several minutes, whose color depends on the type of solvent. In particular, the CHCl3 solution rapidly turns dark green with the absorption maximum around 700 nm, and the colored solution is nearly restored to original by alternating addition of acid and base. To explain such drastic and reversible color changes, we hypothesized that the occurrence of ESIPT (i.e., deprotonation of the phenol and protonation of the imidazolyl group at its 2-position) triggered the charge-separated structure between the negatively charged phenolate and the positively charged imidazoliumyl group at its 4-position, which allowed resonance with the neutral p-quinoid structure. The formation of this π-conjugated zwitterion was strongly supported by the results of 1H and 15N NMR and Raman measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Sakai
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Naoya Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Mayu Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kawano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Bioscience, Chitose Institute of Science and Technology (CIST), Chitose 066-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Akutagawa
- Polymer Hybrid Materials Research Center, Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Li G, Matsuno T, Han Y, Wu S, Zou Y, Jiang Q, Isobe H, Wu J. Fused Quinoidal Dithiophene-Based Helicenes: Synthesis by Intramolecular Radical-Radical Coupling Reactions and Dynamics of Interconversion of Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10326-10333. [PMID: 33565194 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of fused quinoidal dithiophene-based double and triple helicenes (1-M, 2-M, 2-M-Cl, 3-M, 3-M-Cl) were synthesized by intramolecular radical-radical coupling followed by oxidative dehydrogenation reaction. These helical molecules show dynamic interconversion of enantiomers in solution as revealed by variable-temperature NMR measurements, and the energy barriers are correlated to the substituents and topological structures. Notably, dynamic high performance liquid chromatography was used to quantitatively investigate the room-temperature racemization process between the (P,P,M)- and (P,M,M)- enantiomers of the triple helical 3-M-Cl, which gave an interconversion energy barrier in consistent with density functional theory calculations. Their optical and electrochemical properties are dependent on the fusion mode. Our studies provide both new synthetic strategy and new dynamic analytical method for helicenes with unique electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Taisuke Matsuno
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaofei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ya Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Isobe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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27
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Fused Quinoidal Dithiophene‐Based Helicenes: Synthesis by Intramolecular Radical–Radical Coupling Reactions and Dynamics of Interconversion of Enantiomers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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28
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Medina Rivero S, Shang R, Hamada H, Yan Q, Tsuji H, Nakamura E, Casado J. Non-Aufbau Spiro-Conjugated Quinoidal & Aromatic Charged Radicals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2021. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20200385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samara Medina Rivero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Rui Shang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Hamada
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Qifan Yan
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hayato Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, 2946 Tsuchiya, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1293, Japan
| | - Eiichi Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Juan Casado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) is a photophysical downconversion pathway, in which a singlet excitation transforms into two triplet excited states. As such, it constitutes an exciton multiplication generation process, which is currently at the focal point for future integration into solar energy conversion devices. Beyond this, various other exciting applications were proposed, including quantum cryptography or organic light emitting diodes. Also, the mechanistic understanding evolved rapidly during the last year. Unfortunately, the number of suitable SF-chromophores is still limited. This is per se problematic, considering the wide range of envisaged applicability. With that in mind, we emphasize uncommon SF-scaffolds and outline requirements as well as strategies to expand the chromophore pool of SF-materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ullrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department für Chemie und Pharmazie, Egerlandstr. 1-3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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32
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Luo Q, Zhang J, Xia J. Developing strong NIR absorption materials through linear planar π-conjugated cyclopalladated complex dimers. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:1344-1348. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03659e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Strong near-infrared absorption complexes with linear planar π-conjugated structure were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Luo
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbin Xia
- Hubei Key Lab on Organic and Polymeric Optoelectronic Materials
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430072
- People's Republic of China
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33
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Fang Y, Sun Q, Chen X, Qiu Y, Chen C, Wang L, Zhao Y, Su Y, Li T, Zhang L, Wang X. Rational design and syntheses of aniline-based diradical dications: isolable congeners of quinodimethane diradicals. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01265c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two-electron oxidation of five aniline-based compounds 4,4′′-p/m-terphenyldiamines afforded the first isolable aniline-based diradical dications 12+–52+.
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34
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Abstract
Quinoidal π-Conjugated polymers with open shell character represent an intriguing class of macromolecules in terms of both fundamental research and practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ji
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
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35
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Nyga A, Izumi S, Higginbotham HF, Stachelek P, Pluczyk S, Silva P, Minakata S, Takeda Y, Data P. Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Comparative Study of Macrocyclic Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Compounds: Molecular Charge Stability vs OLED EQE Roll‐Off. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Nyga
- Faculty of Chemistry Silesian University of Technology M. Strzody 9 44–100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Saika Izumi
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2–1, Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | | | - Patrycja Stachelek
- Physics Department Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Pluczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry Silesian University of Technology M. Strzody 9 44–100 Gliwice Poland
| | - Piotr Silva
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage Technical University of Denmark Anker Engelunds Vej 301 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Satoshi Minakata
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2–1, Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Youhei Takeda
- Department of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University Yamadaoka 2–1, Suita Osaka 5650871 Japan
| | - Przemyslaw Data
- Faculty of Chemistry Silesian University of Technology M. Strzody 9 44–100 Gliwice Poland
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials Polish Academy of Science M. Curie-Sklodowskiej 34 41–819 Zabrze Poland
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36
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Kohara A, Hasegawa T, Ashizawa M, Hayashi Y, Kawauchi S, Masunaga H, Ohta N, Matsumoto H. Quinoidal bisthienoisatin based semiconductors: Synthesis, characterization, and carrier transport property. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Kohara
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hasegawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Minoru Ashizawa
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Hayashi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technolog Tokyo Japan
| | - Susumu Kawauchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technolog Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring‐8 Sayo Japan
| | - Noboru Ohta
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)/SPring‐8 Sayo Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan
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Intorp SN, Hodecker M, Müller M, Tverskoy O, Rosenkranz M, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Dreuw A, Bunz UHF. Quinoidal Azaacenes: 99 % Diradical Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12396-12401. [PMID: 32190951 PMCID: PMC7384067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201915977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Quinoidal azaacenes with almost pure diradical character (y=0.95 to y=0.99) were synthesized. All compounds exhibit paramagnetic behavior investigated by EPR and NMR spectroscopy, and SQUID measurements, revealing thermally populated triplet states with an extremely low-energy gap ΔEST' of 0.58 to 1.0 kcal mol-1 . The species are persistent in solution (half-life≈14-21 h) and in the solid state they are stable for weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian N. Intorp
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches RechnenRuprecht Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of SpectroelectrochemistryLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of SpectroelectrochemistryLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of SpectroelectrochemistryLeibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) DresdenHelmholtzstraße 2001069DresdenGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches RechnenRuprecht Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 20569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsRuprecht-Karls-UniversitätIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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Chen C, Ruan H, Feng Z, Fang Y, Tang S, Zhao Y, Tan G, Su Y, Wang X. Crystalline Diradical Dianions of Pyrene-Fused Azaacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11794-11799. [PMID: 32304152 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Although diradicals and azaacenes have been greatly attractive in fundamental chemistry and functional materials, the isolable diradical dianions of azaacenes are still unknown. Herein, we describe the first isolation of pyrene-fused azaacene diradical dianion salts [(18-c-6)K(THF)2 ]+ [(18-c-6)K]+ ⋅12-.. and [(18-c-6)K(THF)]2+ ⋅22-.. by reduction of the neutral pyrene-fused azaacene derivatives 1 and 2 with excess potassium graphite in THF in the presence of 18-crown-6. Their electronic structures were investigated by various experiments, in conjunction with theoretical calculations. It was found that both dianions are open-shell singlets in the ground state and their triplet states are thermally readily accessible owing to the small singlet-triplet energy gap. This work provides the first examples of crystalline diradical dianions of azaacenes with considerable diradical character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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39
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Chen C, Ruan H, Feng Z, Fang Y, Tang S, Zhao Y, Tan G, Su Y, Wang X. Crystalline Diradical Dianions of Pyrene‐Fused Azaacenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Huapeng Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhongtao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Shuxuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Gengwen Tan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Soochow University Suzhou 215123 P. R. China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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Asoh T, Kawabata K, Takimiya K. Carbonyl-Terminated Quinoidal Oligothiophenes as p-Type Organic Semiconductors. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13133020. [PMID: 32640695 PMCID: PMC7372439 DOI: 10.3390/ma13133020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of quinoidal oligothiophenes terminated with carbonyl groups (nTDs, n = 2–4) are studied as p-type organic semiconductors for the active materials in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) both by the theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical calculations clearly show their high-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels (EHOMOs), small reorganization energies for hole transport (λholes), and large contribution of sulfur atoms to HOMOs, all of which are desirable for p-type organic semiconductors. Thus, we synthesized nTDs from the corresponding aromatic oligothiophene precursors and then evaluated their physicochemical properties and structural properties. These experimental evaluations of nTDs nicely proved the theoretical predictions, and the largest 4TDs in the series (4,4′′′-dihexyl- and 3′,4,4″,4′′′-tetrahexyl-5H,5′′′H-[2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2′′′-quaterthiophene]-5,5′′′-dione) can afford solution-processed OFETs showing unipolar p-type behaviors and hole mobility as high as 0.026 cm2 V−1 s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Asoh
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8578, Japan; (T.A.); (K.K.)
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351–0198, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Kawabata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8578, Japan; (T.A.); (K.K.)
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351–0198, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8578, Japan; (T.A.); (K.K.)
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351–0198, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81–48–467–9752
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Wang L, Lin L, Yang J, Wu Y, Wang H, Zhu J, Yao J, Fu H. Singlet Fission in a Pyrrole-Fused Cross-Conjugated Skeleton with Adaptive Aromaticity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10235-10239. [PMID: 32437140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Singlet fission (SF) materials hold the potential to increase the power conversion efficiency of solar cells by reducing the thermalization of high-energy excited states. The major hurdle in realizing this potential is the limited scope of SF-active materials with high fission efficiency, suitable energy levels, and sufficient chemical stability. Herein, using theoretical calculation and time-resolved spectroscopy, we developed a highly stable SF material based on dipyrrolonaphthyridinedione (DPND), a pyrrole-fused cross-conjugated skeleton with a distinctive adaptive aromaticity (dual aromaticity) character. The embedded pyrrole ring with 4n+2 π-electron features aromaticity in the ground state, while the dipole resonance of the amide bonds promotes a 4n π-electron Baird's aromaticity in the triplet state. Such an adaptive aromaticity renders the molecule efficient for the SF process [E(S1) ≥ 2E(T1)] without compromising its stability. Up to 173% triplet yield, strong blue-green light absorption, and suitable triplet energy of 1.2 eV, as well as excellent stability, make DPND a promising SF sensitizer toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Lu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yishi Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China.,Institute of Molecular Plus, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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43
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Chung J, Khot A, Savoie BM, Boudouris BW. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Recent Advances and Opportunities for Mixed Ion and Charge Conducting Polymers. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:646-655. [PMID: 35648568 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecules that exhibit both electron transport and ionic mass transport (i.e., mixed conducting polymers) are ascendant with respect to both emerging application spaces and the elucidation of their fundamental physical principles. The unique coupling between the two modes of conduction puts these materials at the center of many next-generation organic electronic applications. The molecular details of this coupling are also at the epicenter of outstanding questions about how these materials function; how monomer and macromolecular chemistry dictates observable properties; and ultimately, how these macromolecular materials can be rationally designed, processed, and implemented into high-performance devices. Here, we focus on what is currently known about coupled ionic-electronic transport in these polymers and where there are open opportunities in the field. These opportunities include the syntheses of designer macromolecules, the need for significant simulation efforts that provide molecular-level insights into the mixed conduction mechanism, and the need for advanced characterization techniques for real-time monitoring of polymer morphology, as this is critical to coupled ion-charge transport processes. Considering the early stage of this important subfield of polymer science, we also present our view of how the development of mixed conductors can benefit from the lessons learned from previous polymer-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyub Chung
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Aditi Khot
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Brett M. Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Bryan W. Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Intorp SN, Hodecker M, Müller M, Tverskoy O, Rosenkranz M, Dmitrieva E, Popov AA, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Dreuw A, Bunz UHF. Quinoidal Azaacenes: 99 % Diradical Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201915977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian N. Intorp
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Müller
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marco Rosenkranz
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Evgenia Dmitrieva
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexey A. Popov
- Center of Spectroelectrochemistry Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Ruprecht Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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Dillon AS, Flynn BL. Polyynes to Polycycles: Domino Reactions Forming Polyfused Chalcogenophenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:2987-2990. [PMID: 32216362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Polyfused chalcogenophenes are prepared in one step through polyelectrophilic cyclization of polyynes using the ambiphilic reagent MeACl (A = S, Se, or Te). Up to four new rings have been generated under mild conditions, including thiophenes, selenophenes, and tellurophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaliese S Dillon
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bernard L Flynn
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
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Lin Z, Chen L, Xu Q, Shao G, Zeng Z, Wu D, Xia J. Tuning Biradical Character to Enable High and Balanced Ambipolar Charge Transport in a Quinoidal π-System. Org Lett 2020; 22:2553-2558. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohang Lin
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Guangwei Shao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Zeng
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Center of Smart Materials and Devices, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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Yang K, Zhang X, Harbuzaru A, Wang L, Wang Y, Koh C, Guo H, Shi Y, Chen J, Sun H, Feng K, Ruiz Delgado MC, Woo HY, Ortiz RP, Guo X. Stable Organic Diradicals Based on Fused Quinoidal Oligothiophene Imides with High Electrical Conductivity. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:4329-4340. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xianhe Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Alexandra Harbuzaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Changwoo Koh
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Rocio Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga 29071, Spain
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Yamamoto K, Jinnai S, Takehara T, Suzuki T, Ie Y. Quinoidal Oligothiophenes Having Full Benzene Annelation: Synthesis, Properties, Structures, and Acceptor Application in Organic Photovoltaics. Org Lett 2019; 22:547-551. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Yamamoto
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Seihou Jinnai
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tsunayoshi Takehara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- The Comprehensive Analysis Center (CAC), ISIR, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Suzuki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
- The Comprehensive Analysis Center (CAC), ISIR, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ie
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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Du T, Gao R, Deng Y, Wang C, Zhou Q, Geng Y. Indandione‐Terminated Quinoids: Facile Synthesis by Alkoxide‐Mediated Rearrangement Reaction and Semiconducting Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 59:221-225. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201911530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ruiheng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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50
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Du T, Gao R, Deng Y, Wang C, Zhou Q, Geng Y. Indandione‐Terminated Quinoids: Facile Synthesis by Alkoxide‐Mediated Rearrangement Reaction and Semiconducting Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201911530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Ruiheng Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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