1
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Kumar P, Bird C, Holland D, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Current and next-generation formulation strategies for inactivated polio vaccines to lower costs, increase coverage, and facilitate polio eradication. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2154100. [PMID: 36576132 PMCID: PMC9891683 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2154100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Implementation of inactivated polio vaccines (IPV) containing Sabin strains (sIPV) will further enable global polio eradication efforts by improving vaccine safety during use and containment during manufacturing. Moreover, sIPV-containing vaccines will lower costs and expand production capacity to facilitate more widespread use in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review focuses on the role of vaccine formulation in these efforts including traditional Salk IPV vaccines and new sIPV-containing dosage forms. The physicochemical properties and stability profiles of poliovirus antigens are described. Formulation approaches to lower costs include developing multidose and combination vaccine formats as well as improving storage stability. Formulation strategies for dose-sparing and enhanced mucosal immunity include employing adjuvants (e.g. aluminum-salt and newer adjuvants) and/or novel delivery systems (e.g. ID administration with microneedle patches). The potential for applying these low-cost formulation development strategies to other vaccines to further improve vaccine access and coverage in LMICs is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Christopher Bird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David Holland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Sangeeta B. Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - David B. Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA,CONTACT David B. Volkin Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Multidisciplinary Research Building, 2030 Becker Drive, Lawrence, KS66047, USA
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2
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Coffey JW, van der Burg NMD, Rananakomol T, Ng HI, Fernando GJP, Kendall MAF. An Ultrahigh‐Density Microneedle Array for Skin Vaccination: Inducing Epidermal Cell Death by Increasing Microneedle Density Enhances Total IgG and IgG1 Immune Responses. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Coffey
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
- Division of Gastroenterology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunology University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC 3000 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Nicole M. D. van der Burg
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Thippayawan Rananakomol
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Hwee-Ing Ng
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Translational Research Institute Woolloongabba QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Mark A. F. Kendall
- The Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology University of Queensland St. Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and Technology The University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia
- The University of Queensland School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
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3
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Abstract
A favorable outcome of the COVID-19 crisis might be achieved with massive vaccination. The proposed vaccines contain several different vaccine active principles (VAP), such as inactivated virus, antigen, mRNA, and DNA, which are associated with either standard adjuvants or nanomaterials (NM) such as liposomes in Moderna's and BioNTech/Pfizer's vaccines. COVID-19 vaccine adjuvants may be chosen among liposomes or other types of NM composed for example of graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, micelles, exosomes, membrane vesicles, polymers, or metallic NM, taking inspiration from cancer nano-vaccines, whose adjuvants may share some of their properties with those of viral vaccines. The mechanisms of action of nano-adjuvants are based on the facilitation by NM of targeting certain regions of immune interest such as the mucus, lymph nodes, and zones of infection or blood irrigation, the possible modulation of the type of attachment of the VAP to NM, in particular VAP positioning on the NM external surface to favor VAP presentation to antigen presenting cells (APC) or VAP encapsulation within NM to prevent VAP degradation, and the possibility to adjust the nature of the immune response by tuning the physico-chemical properties of NM such as their size, surface charge, or composition. The use of NM as adjuvants or the presence of nano-dimensions in COVID-19 vaccines does not only have the potential to improve the vaccine benefit/risk ratio, but also to reduce the dose of vaccine necessary to reach full efficacy. It could therefore ease the overall spread of COVID-19 vaccines within a sufficiently large portion of the world population to exit the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard Alphandéry
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, IRD, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, 75005 Paris, France. .,Nanobacterie SARL, 36 Boulevard Flandrin, 75116, Paris, France.,Institute of Anatomy, UZH University of Zurich, Instiute of Anatomy, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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4
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Dixon RV, Skaria E, Lau WM, Manning P, Birch-Machin MA, Moghimi SM, Ng KW. Microneedle-based devices for point-of-care infectious disease diagnostics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2344-2361. [PMID: 34150486 PMCID: PMC8206489 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19 and Ebola, have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to initiate treatment and curb transmission. Successful diagnostic strategies critically depend on the efficiency of biological sampling and timely analysis. However, current diagnostic techniques are invasive/intrusive and present a severe bottleneck by requiring specialist equipment and trained personnel. Moreover, centralised test facilities are poorly accessible and the requirement to travel may increase disease transmission. Self-administrable, point-of-care (PoC) microneedle diagnostic devices could provide a viable solution to these problems. These miniature needle arrays can detect biomarkers in/from the skin in a minimally invasive manner to provide (near-) real-time diagnosis. Few microneedle devices have been developed specifically for infectious disease diagnosis, though similar technologies are well established in other fields and generally adaptable for infectious disease diagnosis. These include microneedles for biofluid extraction, microneedle sensors and analyte-capturing microneedles, or combinations thereof. Analyte sampling/detection from both blood and dermal interstitial fluid is possible. These technologies are in their early stages of development for infectious disease diagnostics, and there is a vast scope for further development. In this review, we discuss the utility and future outlook of these microneedle technologies in infectious disease diagnosis.
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Key Words
- AC, alternating current
- APCs, antigen-presenting cells
- ASSURED, affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable to end-users
- Biomarker detection
- Biosensor
- CMOS, complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
- COVID, coronavirus disease
- COVID-19
- CSF, cerebrospinal fluid
- CT, computerised tomography
- CV, cyclic voltammetry
- DC, direct current
- DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid
- DPV, differential pulse voltammetry
- EBV, Epstein–Barr virus
- EDC/NHS, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminoproply) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- GOx, glucose oxidase
- HIV, human immunodeficiency virus
- HPLC, high performance liquid chromatography
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IP, iontophoresis
- ISF, interstitial fluid
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- Infectious disease
- JEV, Japanese encephalitis virus
- MN, microneedle
- Microneedle
- NA, nucleic acid
- OBMT, one-touch-activated blood multidiagnostic tool
- OPD, o-phenylenediamine
- PCB, printed circuit board
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane
- PEDOT, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)
- PNA, peptide nucleic acid
- PP, polyphenol
- PPD, poly(o-phenylenediamine)
- PoC, point-of-care
- Point-of-care diagnostics (PoC)
- SALT, skin-associated lymphoid tissue
- SAM, self-assembled monolayer
- SEM, scanning electron microscope
- SERS, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
- SWV, square wave voltammetry
- Skin
- TB, tuberculosis
- UV, ultraviolet
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO, World Health Organisation
- cfDNA, cell-free deoxyribonucleic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael V. Dixon
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Eldhose Skaria
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Wing Man Lau
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Philip Manning
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Mark A. Birch-Machin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - S. Moein Moghimi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Keng Wooi Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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5
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Abstract
Dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) is a novel source of biomarkers that can be considered as an alternative to blood sampling for disease diagnosis and treatment. Nevertheless, in vivo extraction and analysis of ISF are challenging. On the other hand, microneedle (MN) technology can address most of the challenges associated with dermal ISF extraction and is well suited for long-term, continuous ISF monitoring as well as in situ detection. In this review, we first briefly summarise the different dermal ISF collection methods and compare them with MN methods. Next, we elaborate on the design considerations and biocompatibility of MNs. Subsequently, the fabrication technologies of various MNs used for dermal ISF extraction, including solid MNs, hollow MNs, porous MNs, and hydrogel MNs, are thoroughly explained. In addition, different sensing mechanisms of ISF detection are discussed in detail. Subsequently, we identify the challenges and propose the possible solutions associated with ISF extraction. A detailed investigation is provided for the transport and sampling mechanism of ISF in vivo. Also, the current in vitro skin model integrated with the MN arrays is discussed. Finally, future directions to develop a point-of-care (POC) device to sample ISF are proposed.
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6
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Hossain MK, Ahmed T, Bhusal P, Subedi RK, Salahshoori I, Soltani M, Hassanzadeganroudsari M. Microneedle Systems for Vaccine Delivery: the story so far. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021; 19:1153-1166. [PMID: 33427523 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2020.1874928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaccine delivery via a microneedle (MN) system has been identified as a potential alternative to conventional vaccine delivery. MN can be self-administered, is pain-free and is capable of producing superior immunogenicity. Over the last few decades, significant research has been carried out in this area, and this review aims to provide a comprehensive picture on the progress of this delivery platform. AREAS COVERED This review highlights the potential role of skin as a vaccine delivery route using a microneedle system, examines recent advancements in microneedle fabrication techniques, and provides an update on potential preclinical and clinical studies on vaccine delivery through microneedle systems against various infectious diseases. Articles for the review study were searched electronically in PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Science Direct using specific keywords to cover the scope of the article. The advanced search strategy was employed to identify the most relevant articles. EXPERT OPINION A significant number of MN mediated vaccine candidates have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical trials. The recent emergence of cleanroom free, 3D or additive manufacturing of MN systems and stability, together with the dose-sparing capacity of the Nanopatch® system, have made this platform, commercially, highly lucrative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Kamal Hossain
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Taksim Ahmed
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto , Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Prabhat Bhusal
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago , Dunedin New Zealand
| | | | - Iman Salahshoori
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
| | - M Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo , Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.,Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology , Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University , Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran, Iran
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7
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Liu GS, Kong Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, Fan X, Xie X, Yang BR, Wu MX. Microneedles for transdermal diagnostics: Recent advances and new horizons. Biomaterials 2020; 232:119740. [PMID: 31918227 PMCID: PMC7432994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT), defined as the test performed at or near a patient, has been evolving into a complement to conventional laboratory diagnosis by continually providing portable, cost-effective, and easy-to-use measurement tools. Among them, microneedle-based POCT devices have gained increasing attention from researchers due to the glorious potential for detecting various analytes in a minimally invasive manner. More recently, a novel synergism between microneedle and wearable technologies is expanding their detection capabilities. Herein, we provide an overview on the progress in microneedle-based transdermal biosensors. It covers all the main aspects of the field, including design philosophy, material selection, and working mechanisms as well as the utility of the devices. We also discuss lessons from the past, challenges of the present, and visions for the future on translation of these state-of-the-art technologies from the bench to the bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Shi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yifei Kong
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yensheng Wang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yunhan Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications, College of Science & Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mei X Wu
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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8
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Efficient Delivery of Dengue Virus Subunit Vaccines to the Skin by Microprojection Arrays. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7040189. [PMID: 31756967 PMCID: PMC6963636 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7040189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus is the most important arbovirus impacting global human health, with an estimated 390 million infections annually, and over half the world’s population at risk of infection. While significant efforts have been made to develop effective vaccines to mitigate this threat, the task has proven extremely challenging, with new approaches continually being sought. The majority of protective, neutralizing antibodies induced during infection are targeted by the envelope (E) protein, making it an ideal candidate for a subunit vaccine approach. Using truncated, recombinant, secreted E proteins (sE) of all 4 dengue virus serotypes, we have assessed their immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice, with or without Quil-A as an adjuvant, and delivered via micropatch array (MPA) to the skin in comparison with more traditional routes of immunization. The micropatch contains an ultra-high density array (21,000/cm2) of 110 μm microprojections. Mice received 3 doses of 1 μg (nanopatch, intradermal, subcutaneous, or intra muscular injection) or 10 μg (intradermal, subcutaneous, or intra muscular injection) of tetravalent sE spaced 4 weeks apart. When adjuvanted with Quil-A, tetravalent sE vaccination delivered via MPA resulted in earlier induction of virus-neutralizing IgG antibodies for all four serotypes when compared with all of the other vaccination routes. Using the infectious dengue virus AG129 mouse infectious dengue model, these neutralizing antibodies protected all mice from lethal dengue virus type 2 D220 challenge, with protected animals showing no signs of disease or circulating virus. If these results can be translated to humans, MPA-delivered sE represents a promising approach to dengue virus vaccination.
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9
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Microprojection arrays applied to skin generate mechanical stress, induce an inflammatory transcriptome and cell death, and improve vaccine-induced immune responses. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:41. [PMID: 31632742 PMCID: PMC6789026 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0134-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical adjuvants are typically used to improve immune responses induced by immunisation with protein antigens. Here we demonstrate an approach to enhance immune responses that does not require chemical adjuvants. We applied microprojection arrays to the skin, producing a range of controlled mechanical energy to invoke localised inflammation, while administering influenza split virus protein antigen. We used validated computational modelling methods to identify links between mechanical stress and energy generated within the skin strata and resultant cell death. We compared induced immune responses to those induced by needle-based intradermal antigen delivery and used a systems biology approach to examine the nature of the induced inflammatory response, and correlated this with markers of cell stress and death. Increasing the microprojection array application energy and the addition of QS-21 adjuvant were each associated with enhanced antibody response to delivered antigen and with induction of gene transcriptions associated with TNF and NF-κB signalling pathways. We concluded that microprojection intradermal antigen delivery inducing controlled local cell death could potentially replace chemical adjuvants to enhance the immune response to protein antigen. Adjuvants play an essential function in vaccine formulations by boosting immune responses to the delivered antigen. Mark A. F. Kendall and colleagues investigate the efficacy of vaccine delivered intradermally via NanopatchTM—a 16 mm2 ultra-high-density array of 100 micron needles. Systems analysis comparisons demonstrate that depending on the force applied, the NanopatchTM triggers skin transcriptomic changes similar to that elicited by the adjuvant QS-21, including evidence of localised cell death and inflammatory gene expression. Flu vaccine delivered by NanopatchTM elicits anti-hemagglutinin titers equivalent to that observed with conventional intradermal syringe delivery of vaccine plus adjuvant. Sterile mechanical stress elicited by the application of microneedles might therefore be a viable replacement to the use of conventional needles.
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10
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Abstract
Conventional skin and blood sampling techniques for disease diagnosis, though effective, are often highly invasive and some even suffer from variations in analysis. With the improvements in molecular detection, the amount of starting sample quantity needed has significantly reduced in some diagnostic procedures, and this has led to an increased interest in microsampling techniques for disease biomarker detection. The miniaturization of sampling platforms driven by microsampling has the potential to shift disease diagnosis and monitoring closer to the point of care. The faster turnaround time for actionable results has improved patient care. The variations in sample quantification and analysis remain a challenge in the microsampling field. The future of microsampling looks promising. Emerging techniques are being clinically tested and monitored by regulatory bodies. This process is leading to safer and more reliable diagnostic platforms. This review discusses the advantages and disadvantages of current skin and blood microsampling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson U W Lei
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia.,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - Tarl W Prow
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Campus, Building MM - MM2-01F, GPO Box 2471, Mawson Lakes Blvd, Mawson Lakes, Adelaide, SA, 5095, Australia. .,Dermatology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia.
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11
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Meyer BK, Kendall MAF, Williams DM, Bett AJ, Dubey S, Gentzel RC, Casimiro D, Forster A, Corbett H, Crichton M, Baker SB, Evans RK, Bhambhani A. Immune response and reactogenicity of an unadjuvanted intradermally delivered human papillomavirus vaccine using a first generation Nanopatch™ in rhesus macaques: An exploratory, pre-clinical feasibility assessment. Vaccine X 2019; 2:100030. [PMID: 31384745 PMCID: PMC6668242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2019.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The human papillomavirus (HPV) 9-valent, recombinant vaccine (Gardasil™9) helps protect young adults (males and females) against anogenital cancers and genital warts caused by certain HPV genotypes (ref. Gardasil™9 insert). This vaccine is administered intramuscularly (IM). The aim of this study was to determine preclinically whether intradermal (ID) vaccination with an unadjuvanted 9-valent recombinant HPV vaccine using a first-generation ID delivery device, the Nanopatch™, could enhance vaccine immunogenicity compared with the traditional ID route (Mantoux technique). IM injection of HPV VLPs formulated with Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA Alum Adjuvant (MAA) were included in the rhesus study for comparison. The Nanopatch™ prototype contains a high-density array comprised of 10,000 microprojections/cm2, each 250 µm long. It was hypothesized the higher density array with shallower ID delivery may be superior to the Mantoux technique. To test this hypothesis, HPV VLPs without adjuvant were coated on the Nanopatch™, stability of the Nanopatch™ with unadjuvanted HPV VLPs were evaluated under accelerated conditions, skin delivery was verified using radiolabelled VLPs or FluoSpheres®, and the immune response and skin site reaction with the Nanopatch™ was evaluated in rhesus macaques. The immune response induced by Nanopatch™ administration, measured as HPV-specific binding antibodies, was similar to that induced using the Mantoux technique. It was also observed that a lower dose of unadjuvanted HPV VLPs delivered with the first-generation Nanopatch™ and applicator or Mantoux technique resulted in an immune response that was significantly lower compared to a higher-dose of alum adjuvanted HPV VLPs delivered IM in rhesus macaques. The study also indicated unadjuvanted HPV VLPs could be delivered with the first-generation Nanopatch™ and applicator to the skin in 15 s with a transfer efficiency of approximately 20%. This study is the first demonstration of patch administration in non-human primates with a vaccine composed of HPV VLPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Meyer
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Donna M Williams
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Andrew J Bett
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sheri Dubey
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Renee C Gentzel
- Movement Disorders and Translation, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Danilo Casimiro
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Holly Corbett
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael Crichton
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - S Ben Baker
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland QLD 4072, Australia.,Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Robert K Evans
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Akhilesh Bhambhani
- New Technologies, Vaccine Drug Product Development, Vaccine Process Research and Development, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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12
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Haridass IN, Wei JCJ, Mohammed YH, Crichton ML, Anderson CD, Henricson J, Sanchez WY, Meliga SC, Grice JE, Benson HAE, Kendall MAF, Roberts MS. Cellular metabolism and pore lifetime of human skin following microprojection array mediation. J Control Release 2019; 306:59-68. [PMID: 31121279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Skin-targeting microscale medical devices are becoming popular for therapeutic delivery and diagnosis. We used cryo-SEM, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), autofluorescence imaging microscopy and inflammatory response to study the puncturing and recovery of human skin ex vivo and in vivo after discretised puncturing by a microneedle array (Nanopatch®). Pores induced by the microprojections were found to close by ~25% in diameter within the first 30 min, and almost completely close by ~6 h. FLIM images of ex vivo viable epidermis showed a stable fluorescence lifetime for unpatched areas of ~1000 ps up to 24 h. Only the cells in the immediate puncture zones (in direct contact with projections) showed a reduction in the observed fluorescence lifetimes to between ~518-583 ps. The ratio of free-bound NAD(P)H (α1/α2) in unaffected areas of the viable epidermis was ~2.5-3.0, whereas the ratio at puncture holes was almost double at ~4.2-4.6. An exploratory pilot in vivo study also suggested similar closure rate with histamine administration to the forearms of human volunteers after Nanopatch® treatment, although a prolonged inflammation was observed with Tissue Viability Imaging. Overall, this work shows that the pores created by the microneedle-type medical device, Nanopatch®, are transient, with the skin recovering rapidly within 1-2 days in the epidermis after application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha N Haridass
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia; Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jonathan C J Wei
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628, CD, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael L Crichton
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher D Anderson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Joakim Henricson
- Division of Drug Research, Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences Linköping University, Department of Emergency Medicine Local Health Care Services in Central Östergötland, Region Östergötland, Sweden
| | - Washington Y Sanchez
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Stefano C Meliga
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Heather A E Benson
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia.
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13
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Wei JCJ, Haridass IN, Crichton ML, Mohammed YH, Meliga SC, Sanchez WY, Grice JE, Benson HAE, Roberts MS, Kendall MAF. Space- and time-resolved investigation on diffusion kinetics of human skin following macromolecule delivery by microneedle arrays. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17759. [PMID: 30531828 PMCID: PMC6288161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscale medical devices are being developed for targeted skin delivery of vaccines and the extraction of biomarkers, with the potential to revolutionise healthcare in both developing and developed countries. The effective clinical development of these devices is dependent on understanding the macro-molecular diffusion properties of skin. We hypothesised that diffusion varied according to specific skin layers. Using three different molecular weights of rhodamine dextran (RD) (MW of 70, 500 and 2000 kDa) relevant to the vaccine and therapeutic scales, we deposited molecules to a range of depths (0-300 µm) in ex vivo human skin using the Nanopatch device. We observed significant dissipation of RD as diffusion with 70 and 500 kDa within the 30 min timeframe, which varied with MW and skin layer. Using multiphoton microscopy, image analysis and a Fick's law analysis with 2D cartesian and axisymmetric cylindrical coordinates, we reported experimental trends of epidermal and dermal diffusivity values ranging from 1-8 µm2 s-1 to 1-20 µm2 s-1 respectively, with a significant decrease in the dermal-epidermal junction of 0.7-3 µm2 s-1. In breaching the stratum corneum (SC) and dermal-epidermal junction barriers, we have demonstrated practical application, delivery and targeting of macromolecules to both epidermal and dermal antigen presenting cells, providing a sound knowledge base for future development of skin-targeting clinical technologies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C J Wei
- Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Isha N Haridass
- Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Michael L Crichton
- Institute of Mechanical, Process and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Yousuf H Mohammed
- Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Stefano C Meliga
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Washington Y Sanchez
- Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jeffrey E Grice
- Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Heather A E Benson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, 6102, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia.
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5011, Australia.
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14
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Babity S, Roohnikan M, Brambilla D. Advances in the Design of Transdermal Microneedles for Diagnostic and Monitoring Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1803186. [PMID: 30353663 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201803186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their intrinsic advantages over classical hypodermic needles, microneedles have received much attention over the last two decades and will likely soon appear in clinics. Although the vast majority of research is focused on designing microneedles for the painless delivery of drugs, their applications for diagnostic purposes have also provided promising results. In this paper, the main advances in the field of microneedles for diagnostic and patient monitoring purposes are introduced and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Babity
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mahdi Roohnikan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Davide Brambilla
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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15
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Coffey JW, Corrie SR, Kendall MAF. Rapid and selective sampling of IgG from skin in less than 1 min using a high surface area wearable immunoassay patch. Biomaterials 2018; 170:49-57. [PMID: 29649748 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Microprojection array (MPA) patches are an attractive approach to selectively capture circulating proteins from the skin with minimal invasiveness for diagnostics at the point-of-care or in the home. A key challenge to develop this technology is to extract sufficient quantities of specific proteins from within the skin to enable high diagnostic sensitivity within a convenient amount of time. To achieve this, we investigated the effect of MPA geometry (i.e. projection density, length and array size) on protein capture. We hypothesised that the penetrated surface area of MPAs is a major determinant of protein capture however it was not known if simultaneously increasing projection density, length and array size is possible without adversely affecting penetration and/or tolerability. We show that increasing the projection density (5000-30,000 proj. cm-2) and array size (4-36 mm2) significantly increases biomarker capture whilst maintaining of a similar level tolerability, which supports previous literature for projection length (40-190 μm). Ultimately, we designed a high surface area MPA (30,000 proj. cm-2, 36 mm2, 140 μm) with a 4.5-fold increase in penetrated surface area compared to our standard MPA design (20,408 proj. cm-2, 16 mm2, 100 μm). The high surface area MPA captured antigen-specific IgG from mice in 30 s with 100% diagnostic sensitivity compared with 10-30 min for previous MPA immunoassay patches, which is over an order of magnitude reduction in wear time. This demonstrates for the first time that MPAs may be used for ultra-rapid (<1 min) protein capture from skin in a time competitive with standard clinical procedures like the needle and lancet, which has broad implications for minimally invasive and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Coffey
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Simon R Corrie
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland, 4067, Australia; The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia.
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16
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Wan Y, Hickey JM, Bird C, Witham K, Fahey P, Forster A, Joshi SB, Volkin DB. Development of Stabilizing Formulations of a Trivalent Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in a Dried State for Delivery in the Nanopatch™ Microprojection Array. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1540-1551. [PMID: 29421219 PMCID: PMC5959271 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The worldwide switch to inactivated polio vaccines (IPVs) is a key component of the overall strategy to achieve and maintain global polio eradication. To this end, new IPV vaccine delivery systems may enhance patient convenience and compliance. In this work, we examine Nanopatch™ (a solid, polymer microprojection array) which offers potential advantages over standard needle/syringe administration including intradermal delivery and reduced antigen doses. Using trivalent IPV (tIPV) and a purpose-built evaporative dry-down system, candidate tIPV formulations were developed to stabilize tIPV during the drying process and on storage. Identifying conditions to minimize tIPV potency losses during rehydration and potency testing was a critical first step. Various classes and types of pharmaceutical excipients (∼50 total) were then evaluated to mitigate potency losses (measured through D-antigen ELISAs for IPV1, IPV2, and IPV3) during drying and storage. Various concentrations and combinations of stabilizing additives were optimized in terms of tIPV potency retention, and 2 candidate tIPV formulations containing cyclodextrin and a reducing agent (e.g., glutathione), maintained ≥80% D-antigen potency during drying and subsequent storage for 4 weeks at 4°C, and ≥60% potency for 3 weeks at room temperature with the majority of losses occurring within the first day of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - John M Hickey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Christopher Bird
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - Katey Witham
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Sangeeta B Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047
| | - David B Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Macromolecule and Vaccine Stabilization Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047.
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17
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Muller DA, Fernando GJP, Owens NS, Agyei-Yeboah C, Wei JCJ, Depelsenaire ACI, Forster A, Fahey P, Weldon WC, Oberste MS, Young PR, Kendall MAF. High-density microprojection array delivery to rat skin of low doses of trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine elicits potent neutralising antibody responses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12644. [PMID: 28974777 PMCID: PMC5626768 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To secure a polio-free world, the live attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) will eventually need to be replaced with inactivated poliovirus vaccines (IPV). However, current IPV delivery is less suitable for campaign use than OPV, and more expensive. We are progressing a microarray patch delivery platform, the Nanopatch, as an easy-to-use device to administer vaccines, including IPV. The Nanopatch contains an ultra-high density array (10,000/cm2) of short (~230 μm) microprojections that delivers dry coated vaccine into the skin. Here, we compare the relative immunogenicity of Nanopatch immunisation versus intramuscular injection in rats, using monovalent and trivalent formulations of IPV. Nanopatch delivery elicits faster antibody response kinetics, with high titres of neutralising antibody after just one (IPV2) or two (IPV1 and IPV3) immunisations, while IM injection requires two (IPV2) or three (IPV1 and IPV3) immunisations to induce similar responses. Seroconversion to each poliovirus type was seen in 100% of rats that received ~1/40th of a human dose of IPV delivered by Nanopatch, but not in rats given ~1/8th or ~1/40th dose by IM injection. Ease of administration coupled with dose reduction observed in this study suggests the Nanopatch could facilitate inexpensive IPV vaccination in campaign settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Muller
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nick S Owens
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christiana Agyei-Yeboah
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan C J Wei
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexandra C I Depelsenaire
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Angus Forster
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Paul Fahey
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - William C Weldon
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - M Steven Oberste
- Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Lee KT, Coffey JW, Robinson KJ, Muller DA, Grøndahl L, Kendall MAF, Young PR, Corrie SR. Investigating the Effect of Substrate Materials on Wearable Immunoassay Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:773-782. [PMID: 28006902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunoassays are ubiquitous across research and clinical laboratories, yet little attention is paid to the effect of the substrate material on the assay performance characteristics. Given the emerging interest in wearable immunoassay formats, investigations into substrate materials that provide an optimal mix of mechanical and bioanalytical properties are paramount. In the course of our research in developing wearable immunoassays which can penetrate skin to selectively capture disease antigens from the underlying blood vessels, we recently identified significant differences in immunoassay performance between gold and polycarbonate surfaces, even with a consistent surface modification procedure. We observed significant differences in PEG density, antibody immobilization, and nonspecific adsorption between the two substrates. Despite a higher PEG density formed on gold-coated surfaces than on amine-functionalized polycarbonate, the latter revealed a higher immobilized capture antibody density and lower nonspecific adsorption, leading to improved signal-to-noise ratios and assay sensitivities. The major conclusion from this study is that in designing wearable bioassays or biosensors, the design and its effect on the antifouling polymer layer can significantly affect the assay performance in terms of analytical specificity and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mark A F Kendall
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital , Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
| | - Simon R Corrie
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University , Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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19
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Meliga SC, Coffey JW, Crichton ML, Flaim C, Veidt M, Kendall MA. The hyperelastic and failure behaviors of skin in relation to the dynamic application of microscopic penetrators in a murine model. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:341-356. [PMID: 27746361 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of skin elastic and rupture behavior is fundamental to enable next-generation biomedical devices to directly access areas rich in cells and biomolecules. However, the paucity of skin mechanical characterization and lack of established fracture models limits their rational design. We present an experimental and numerical study of skin mechanics during dynamic interaction with individual and arrays of micro-penetrators. Initially, micro-indentation of individual skin strata revealed hyperelastic moduli were dramatically rate-dependent, enabling extrapolation of stiffness properties at high velocity regimes (>1ms-1). A layered finite-element model satisfactorily predicted the penetration of micro-penetrators using characteristic fracture energies (∼10pJμm-2) significantly lower than previously reported (≫100pJμm-2). Interestingly, with our standard application conditions (∼2ms-1, 35gpistonmass), ∼95% of the application kinetic energy was transferred to the backing support rather than the skin ∼5% (murine ear model). At higher velocities (∼10ms-1) strain energy accumulated in the top skin layers, initiating fracture before stress waves transmitted deformation to the backing material, increasing energy transfer efficiency to 55%. Thus, the tools developed provide guidelines to rationally engineer skin penetrators to increase depth targeting consistency and payload delivery across patients whilst minimizing penetration energy to control skin inflammation, tolerability and acceptability. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The mechanics of skin penetration by dynamically-applied microscopic tips is investigated using a combined experimental-computational approach. A FE model of skin is parameterized using indentation tests and a ductile-failure implementation validated against penetration assays. The simulations shed light on skin elastic and fracture properties, and elucidate the interaction with microprojection arrays for vaccine delivery allowing rational design of next-generation devices.
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20
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Cass AE, Sharma S. Microneedle Enzyme Sensor Arrays for Continuous In Vivo Monitoring. Methods Enzymol 2017; 589:413-427. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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21
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Ng HI, Fernando GJP, Depelsenaire ACI, Kendall MAF. Potent response of QS-21 as a vaccine adjuvant in the skin when delivered with the Nanopatch, resulted in adjuvant dose sparing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29368. [PMID: 27404789 PMCID: PMC4941647 DOI: 10.1038/srep29368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adjuvants play a key role in boosting immunogenicity of vaccines, particularly for subunit protein vaccines. In this study we investigated the induction of antibody response against trivalent influenza subunit protein antigen and a saponin adjuvant, QS-21. Clinical trials of QS-21 have demonstrated the safety but, also a need of high dose for optimal immunity, which could possibly reduce patient acceptability. Here, we proposed the use of a skin delivery technology - the Nanopatch - to reduce both adjuvant and antigen dose but also retain its immune stimulating effects when compared to the conventional needle and syringe intramuscular (IM) delivery. We have demonstrated that Nanopatch delivery to skin requires only 1/100(th) of the IM antigen dose to induce equivalent humoral response. QS-21 enhanced humoral response in both skin and muscle route. Additionally, Nanopatch has demonstrated 30-fold adjuvant QS-21 dose sparing while retaining immune stimulating effects compared to IM. QS-21 induced localised, controlled cell death in the skin, suggesting that the danger signals released from dead cells contributed to the enhanced immunogenicity. Taken together, these findings demonstrated the suitability of reduced dose of QS-21 and the antigen using the Nanopatch to enhance humoral responses, and the potential to increase patient acceptability of QS-21 adjuvant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Ing Ng
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexandra C. I. Depelsenaire
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A. F. Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (DG), Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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22
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Fernando GJP, Zhang J, Ng HI, Haigh OL, Yukiko SR, Kendall MAF. Influenza nucleoprotein DNA vaccination by a skin targeted, dry coated, densely packed microprojection array (Nanopatch) induces potent antibody and CD8(+) T cell responses. J Control Release 2016; 237:35-41. [PMID: 27381247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA vaccines have many advantages such as thermostability and the ease and rapidity of manufacture; for example, in an influenza pandemic situation where rapid production of vaccine is essential. However, immunogenicity of DNA vaccines was shown to be poor in humans unless large doses of DNA are used. If a highly efficacious DNA vaccine delivery system could be identified, then DNA vaccines have the potential to displace protein vaccines. In this study, we show in a C57BL/6 mouse model, that the Nanopatch, a microprojection array of high density (>21,000 projections/cm(2)), could be used to deliver influenza nucleoprotein DNA vaccine to skin, to generate enhanced antigen specific antibody and CD8(+) T cell responses compared to the conventional intramuscular (IM) delivery by the needle and syringe. Antigen specific antibody was measured using ELISA assays of mice vaccinated with a DNA plasmid containing the nucleoprotein gene of influenza type A/WSN/33 (H1N1). Antigen specific CD8(+) T cell responses were measured ex-vivo in splenocytes of mice using IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. These results and our previous antibody and CD4(+) T cell results using the Nanopatch delivered HSV DNA vaccine indicate that the Nanopatch is an effective delivery system of general utility that could potentially be used in humans to increase the potency of the DNA vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain J P Fernando
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - Jin Zhang
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Hwee-Ing Ng
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oscar L Haigh
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Sally R Yukiko
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D(2)G(2)), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia.
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Crichton ML, Muller DA, Depelsenaire ACI, Pearson FE, Wei J, Coffey J, Zhang J, Fernando GJP, Kendall MAF. The changing shape of vaccination: improving immune responses through geometrical variations of a microdevice for immunization. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27217. [PMID: 27251567 PMCID: PMC4890175 DOI: 10.1038/srep27217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Micro-device use for vaccination has grown in the past decade, with the promise of ease-of-use, painless application, stable solid formulations and greater immune response generation. However, the designs of the highly immunogenic devices (e.g. the gene gun, Nanopatch or laser adjuvantation) require significant energy to enter the skin (30-90 mJ). Within this study, we explore a way to more effectively use energy for skin penetration and vaccination. These modifications change the Nanopatch projections from cylindrical/conical shapes with a density of 20,000 per cm(2) to flat-shaped protrusions at 8,000 per cm(2), whilst maintaining the surface area and volume that is placed within the skin. We show that this design results in more efficient surface crack initiations, allowing the energy to be more efficiently be deployed through the projections into the skin, with a significant overall increase in penetration depth (50%). Furthermore, we measured a significant increase in localized skin cell death (>2 fold), and resultant infiltrate of cells (monocytes and neutrophils). Using a commercial seasonal trivalent human influenza vaccine (Fluvax 2014), our new patch design resulted in an immune response equivalent to intramuscular injection with approximately 1000 fold less dose, while also being a practical device conceptually suited to widespread vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawrence Crichton
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - David Alexander Muller
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alexandra Christina Isabelle Depelsenaire
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Frances Elizabeth Pearson
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan Wei
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jacob Coffey
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Germain J P Fernando
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mark Anthony Fernance Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
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Crichton ML, Archer-Jones C, Meliga S, Edwards G, Martin D, Huang H, Kendall MA. Characterising the material properties at the interface between skin and a skin vaccination microprojection device. Acta Biomater 2016; 36:186-94. [PMID: 26956913 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The rapid emergence of micro-devices for biomedical applications over the past two decades has introduced new challenges for the materials used in the devices. Devices like microneedles and the Nanopatch, require sufficient strength to puncture skin often with sharp-slender micro-scale profiles, while maintaining mechanical integrity. For these technologies we sought to address two important questions: 1) On the scale at which the device operates, what forces are required to puncture the skin? And 2) What loads can the projections/microneedles withstand prior to failure. First, we used custom fabricated nanoindentation micro-probes to puncture skin at the micrometre scale, and show that puncture forces are ∼0.25-1.75mN for fresh mouse skin, in agreement with finite element simulations for our device. Then, we used two methods to perform strength tests of Nanopatch projections with varied aspect ratios. The first method used a nanoindenter to apply a force directly on the top or on the side of individual silicon projections (110μm in length, 10μm base radius), to measure the force of fracture. Our second method used an Instron to fracture full rows of projections and characterise a range of projection designs (with the method verified against previous nanoindentation experiments). Finally, we used Cryo-Scanning Electron Microscopy to visualise projections in situ in the skin to confirm the behaviour we quantified, qualitatively. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Micro-device development has proliferated in the past decade, including devices that interact with tissues for biomedical outcomes. The field of microneedles for vaccine delivery to skin has opened new material challenges both in understanding tissue material properties and device material. In this work we characterise both the biomaterial properties of skin and the material properties of our microprojection vaccine delivery device. This study directly measures the micro-scale puncture properties of skin, whilst demonstrating clearly how these relate to device design. This will be of strong interest to those in the field of biomedical microdevices. This includes work in the field of wearable and semi-implantable devices, which will require clear understanding of tissue behaviour and material characterisation.
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Coffey JW, Meliga SC, Corrie SR, Kendall MA. Dynamic application of microprojection arrays to skin induces circulating protein extravasation for enhanced biomarker capture and detection. Biomaterials 2016; 84:130-143. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 12/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Inactivated poliovirus type 2 vaccine delivered to rat skin via high density microprojection array elicits potent neutralising antibody responses. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22094. [PMID: 26911254 PMCID: PMC4766532 DOI: 10.1038/srep22094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polio eradication is progressing rapidly, and the live attenuated Sabin strains in the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) are being removed sequentially, starting with type 2 in April 2016. For risk mitigation, countries are introducing inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) into routine vaccination programs. After April 2016, monovalent type 2 OPV will be available for type 2 outbreak control. Because the current IPV is not suitable for house-to-house vaccination campaigns (the intramuscular injections require health professionals), we developed a high-density microprojection array, the Nanopatch, delivered monovalent type 2 IPV (IPV2) vaccine to the skin. To assess the immunogenicity of the Nanopatch, we performed a dose-matched study in rats, comparing the immunogenicity of IPV2 delivered by intramuscular injection or Nanopatch immunisation. A single dose of 0.2 D-antigen units of IPV2 elicited protective levels of poliovirus antibodies in 100% of animals. However, animals receiving IPV2 by IM required at least 3 immunisations to reach the same neutralising antibody titres. This level of dose reduction (1/40th of a full dose) is unprecedented for poliovirus vaccine delivery. The ease of administration coupled with the dose reduction observed in this study points to the Nanopatch as a potential tool for facilitating inexpensive IPV for mass vaccination campaigns.
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Caffarel-Salvador E, Brady AJ, Eltayib E, Meng T, Alonso-Vicente A, Gonzalez-Vazquez P, Torrisi BM, Vicente-Perez EM, Mooney K, Jones DS, Bell SEJ, McCoy CP, McCarthy HO, McElnay JC, Donnelly RF. Hydrogel-Forming Microneedle Arrays Allow Detection of Drugs and Glucose In Vivo: Potential for Use in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145644. [PMID: 26717198 PMCID: PMC4699208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe, for the first time the use of hydrogel-forming microneedle (MN) arrays for minimally-invasive extraction and quantification of drug substances and glucose from skin in vitro and in vivo. MN prepared from aqueous blends of hydrolysed poly(methyl-vinylether-co-maleic anhydride) (11.1% w/w) and poly(ethyleneglycol) 10,000 daltons (5.6% w/w) and crosslinked by esterification swelled upon skin insertion by uptake of fluid. Post-removal, theophylline and caffeine were extracted from MN and determined using HPLC, with glucose quantified using a proprietary kit. In vitro studies using excised neonatal porcine skin bathed on the underside by physiologically-relevant analyte concentrations showed rapid (5 min) analyte uptake. For example, mean concentrations of 0.16 μg/mL and 0.85 μg/mL, respectively, were detected for the lowest (5 μg/mL) and highest (35 μg/mL) Franz cell concentrations of theophylline after 5 min insertion. A mean concentration of 0.10 μg/mL was obtained by extraction of MN inserted for 5 min into skin bathed with 5 μg/mL caffeine, while the mean concentration obtained by extraction of MN inserted into skin bathed with 15 μg/mL caffeine was 0.33 μg/mL. The mean detected glucose concentration after 5 min insertion into skin bathed with 4 mmol/L was 19.46 nmol/L. The highest theophylline concentration detected following extraction from a hydrogel-forming MN inserted for 1 h into the skin of a rat dosed orally with 10 mg/kg was of 0.363 μg/mL, whilst a maximum concentration of 0.063 μg/mL was detected following extraction from a MN inserted for 1 h into the skin of a rat dosed with 5 mg/kg theophylline. In human volunteers, the highest mean concentration of caffeine detected using MN was 91.31 μg/mL over the period from 1 to 2 h post-consumption of 100 mg Proplus® tablets. The highest mean blood glucose level was 7.89 nmol/L detected 1 h following ingestion of 75 g of glucose, while the highest mean glucose concentration extracted from MN was 4.29 nmol/L, detected after 3 hours skin insertion in human volunteers. Whilst not directly correlated, concentrations extracted from MN were clearly indicative of trends in blood in both rats and human volunteers. This work strongly illustrates the potential of hydrogel-forming MN in minimally-invasive patient monitoring and diagnosis. Further studies are now ongoing to reduce clinical insertion times and develop mathematical algorithms enabling determination of blood levels directly from MN measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Caffarel-Salvador
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron J. Brady
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Eyman Eltayib
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Teng Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Alonso-Vicente
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Barbara M. Torrisi
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Maria Vicente-Perez
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Mooney
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Jones
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Steven E. J. Bell
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Stranmillis Road, Belfast, BT9 5AG, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P. McCoy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Helen O. McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - James C. McElnay
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F. Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT97BL, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Ventrelli L, Marsilio Strambini L, Barillaro G. Microneedles for Transdermal Biosensing: Current Picture and Future Direction. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2606-40. [PMID: 26439100 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel trend is rapidly emerging in the use of microneedles, which are a miniaturized replica of hypodermic needles with length-scales of hundreds of micrometers, aimed at the transdermal biosensing of analytes of clinical interest, e.g., glucose, biomarkers, and others. Transdermal biosensing via microneedles offers remarkable opportunities for moving biosensing technologies and biochips from research laboratories to real-field applications, and envisages easy-to-use point-of-care microdevices with pain-free, minimally invasive, and minimal-training features that are very attractive for both developed and emerging countries. In addition to this, microneedles for transdermal biosensing offer a unique possibility for the development of biochips provided with end-effectors for their interaction with the biological system under investigation. Direct and efficient collection of the biological sample to be analyzed will then become feasible in situ at the same length-scale of the other biochip components by minimally trained personnel and in a minimally invasive fashion. This would eliminate the need for blood extraction using hypodermic needles and reduce, in turn, related problems, such as patient infections, sample contaminations, analysis artifacts, etc. The aim here is to provide a thorough and critical analysis of state-of-the-art developments in this novel research trend, and to bridge the gap between microneedles and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Ventrelli
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Università di Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 56122 Pisa Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Barillaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione; Università di Pisa; Via G. Caruso 16 56122 Pisa Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; via G. Moruzzi 1 56124 Pisa Italy
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Aljuffali IA, Lin YK, Fang JY. Noninvasive approach for enhancing small interfering RNA delivery percutaneously. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:265-80. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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30
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Functional anti-polysaccharide IgG titres induced by unadjuvanted pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine when delivered by microprojection-based skin patch. Vaccine 2015; 33:6675-83. [PMID: 26518398 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adequate access to effective and affordable vaccines is essential for the prevention of mortality due to infectious disease. Pneumonia--a consequence of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection--is the world's leading cause of death in children aged under 5 years. The development of a needle-free, thermostable pneumococcal-conjugate vaccine (PCV) could revolutionise the field by reducing cold-chain and delivery constraints. Skin patches have been used to deliver a range of vaccines, with some inducing significantly higher vaccine-specific immunogenicity than needle-injected controls in pre-clinical models, though they have yet to be used to deliver a PCV. We dry-coated a licensed PCV onto a microprojection-based patch (the Nanopatch) and delivered it to mouse skin. We analysed resulting anti-polysaccharide IgG responses. With and without adjuvant, anti-polysaccharide IgG titres induced by Nanopatch immunisation were significantly higher than dose-matched intramuscular controls. These improved responses were primarily obtained against pneumococcal serotypes 4 and 14. Importantly, capsule-specific IgG correlated with functionality in an opsonophagocytic killing assay. We demonstrate enhanced anti-PCV immunogenicity when delivered by Nanopatch over intramuscular injection. As the first study of a PCV delivered by a skin vaccination technology, this report indicates the potential for reduced costs and greater global distribution of such a vaccine.
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31
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Haigh O, Depelsenaire AC, Meliga SC, Yukiko SR, McMillan NA, Frazer IH, Kendall MA. CXCL1 gene silencing in skin using liposome-encapsulated siRNA delivered by microprojection array. J Control Release 2014; 194:148-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee KT, Muller DA, Coffey JW, Robinson KJ, McCarthy JS, Kendall MAF, Corrie SR. Capture of the Circulating Plasmodium falciparum Biomarker HRP2 in a Multiplexed Format, via a Wearable Skin Patch. Anal Chem 2014; 86:10474-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac5031682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khai Tuck Lee
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jacob W. Coffey
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kye J. Robinson
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James S. McCarthy
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | - Mark A. F. Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- The University of Queensland, Faculty of Health
Sciences, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Simon R. Corrie
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St. Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia
- ARC
Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging field of microneedle-based minimally invasive patient monitoring and diagnosis is reviewed. Microneedle arrays consist of rows of micron-scale projections attached to a solid support. They have been widely investigated for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery applications since the late 1990s. However, researchers and clinicians have recently realized the great potential of microneedles for extraction of skin interstitial fluid and, less commonly, blood, for enhanced monitoring of patient health. METHODS We reviewed the journal and patent literature, and summarized the findings and provided technical insights and critical analysis. RESULTS We describe the basic concepts in detail and extensively review the work performed to date. CONCLUSIONS It is our view that microneedles will have an important role to play in clinical management of patients and will ultimately improve therapeutic outcomes for people worldwide.
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Depelsenaire ACI, Meliga SC, McNeilly CL, Pearson FE, Coffey JW, Haigh OL, Flaim CJ, Frazer IH, Kendall MAF. Colocalization of cell death with antigen deposition in skin enhances vaccine immunogenicity. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2361-2370. [PMID: 24714201 PMCID: PMC4216316 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines delivered to the skin by microneedles – with and without adjuvants – have increased immunogenicity with lower doses than standard vaccine delivery techniques such as intramuscular (i.m.) or intradermal (i.d.) injection. However, the mechanisms behind this skin-mediated ‘adjuvant’ effect are not clear. Here, we show that the dynamic application of a microprojection array (the Nanopatch) to skin generates localized transient stresses invoking cell death around each projection. Nanopatch application caused significantly higher levels (~65-fold) of cell death in murine ear skin than i.d. injection using a hypodermic needle. Measured skin cell death is associated with modeled stresses ~1–10 MPa. Nanopatch-immunized groups also yielded consistently higher anti-IgG endpoint titers (up to 50-fold higher) than i.d. groups after delivery of a split virion influenza vaccine. Importantly, co-localization of cell death with nearby live skin cells and delivered antigen was necessary for immunogenicity enhancement. These results suggest a correlation between cell death caused by the Nanopatch with increased immunogenicity. We propose that the localized cell death serves as a ‘physical immune enhancer’ for the adjacent viable skin cells, which also receive antigen from the projections. This natural immune enhancer effect has the potential to mitigate or replace chemical-based adjuvants in vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C I Depelsenaire
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Stefano C Meliga
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Celia L McNeilly
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Frances E Pearson
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jacob W Coffey
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Oscar L Haigh
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher J Flaim
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H Frazer
- The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A F Kendall
- D2G2, The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; The University of Queensland, Diamantina Institute for Cancer, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Giri A, Bhunia T, Mishra SR, Goswami L, Panda AB, Bandyopadhyay A. A transdermal device from 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate grafted carboxymethyl guar gum–multi-walled carbon nanotube composites. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra47511e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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36
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Coffey JW, Corrie SR, Kendall MA. Early circulating biomarker detection using a wearable microprojection array skin patch. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9572-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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37
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Yeow B, Coffey JW, Muller DA, Grøndahl L, Kendall MAF, Corrie SR. Surface Modification and Characterization of Polycarbonate Microdevices for Capture of Circulating Biomarkers, Both in Vitro and in Vivo. Anal Chem 2013; 85:10196-204. [DOI: 10.1021/ac402942x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Yeow
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Jacob W. Coffey
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - David A. Muller
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Lisbeth Grøndahl
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry
and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Mark A. F. Kendall
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute (UQDI), Woollongabba, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4012
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
| | - Simon R. Corrie
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute
for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes
Group (D2G2), St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
- Australian
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, St
Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia, 4072
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Pearson FE, McNeilly CL, Crichton ML, Primiero CA, Yukiko SR, Fernando GJP, Chen X, Gilbert SC, Hill AVS, Kendall MAF. Dry-coated live viral vector vaccines delivered by nanopatch microprojections retain long-term thermostability and induce transgene-specific T cell responses in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67888. [PMID: 23874462 PMCID: PMC3706440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The disadvantages of needle-based immunisation motivate the development of simple, low cost, needle-free alternatives. Vaccine delivery to cutaneous environments rich in specialised antigen-presenting cells using microprojection patches has practical and immunological advantages over conventional needle delivery. Additionally, stable coating of vaccine onto microprojections removes logistical obstacles presented by the strict requirement for cold-chain storage and distribution of liquid vaccine, or lyophilised vaccine plus diluent. These attributes make these technologies particularly suitable for delivery of vaccines against diseases such as malaria, which exerts its worst effects in countries with poorly-resourced healthcare systems. Live viral vectors including adenoviruses and poxviruses encoding exogenous antigens have shown significant clinical promise as vaccines, due to their ability to generate high numbers of antigen-specific T cells. Here, the simian adenovirus serotype 63 and the poxvirus modified vaccinia Ankara--two vectors under evaluation for the delivery of malaria antigens to humans--were formulated for coating onto Nanopatch microprojections and applied to murine skin. Co-formulation with the stabilising disaccharides trehalose and sucrose protected virions during the dry-coating process. Transgene-specific CD8(+) T cell responses following Nanopatch delivery of both vectors were similar to intradermal injection controls after a single immunisation (despite a much lower delivered dose), though MVA boosting of pre-primed responses with Nanopatch was found to be less effective than the ID route. Importantly, disaccharide-stabilised ChAd63 could be stored for 10 weeks at 37°C with less than 1 log10 loss of viability, and retained single-dose immunogenicity after storage. These data support the further development of microprojection patches for the deployment of live vaccines in hot climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances E. Pearson
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The Jenner Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Celia L. McNeilly
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael L. Crichton
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Clare A. Primiero
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sally R. Yukiko
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian V. S. Hill
- The Jenner Institute, The University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A. F. Kendall
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Depth-resolved characterization of diffusion properties within and across minimally-perturbed skin layers. J Control Release 2013; 166:87-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Ng HI, Fernando GJP, Kendall MAF. Induction of potent CD8⁺ T cell responses through the delivery of subunit protein vaccines to skin antigen-presenting cells using densely packed microprojection arrays. J Control Release 2012; 162:477-84. [PMID: 22841796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The generation of both antibody and CD8⁺ T cell responses against pathogens is considered important for many advanced vaccines for diseases including tuberculosis, HIV and malaria. However, most current vaccines are delivered into muscle by the needle and syringe method and induce protection via humoral (antibody) immune responses. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that delivering a model subunit protein antigen (ovalbumin) to the skin's abundant immune cell population using a densely packed microprojection array (Nanopatch) enhances CD8⁺ T cell responses. We found that the Nanopatch significantly enhanced the CD8⁺ T cell responses when compared to intramuscular delivery of both antigen-only and adjuvanted cases (Quil-A and CpG; separately). To our knowledge, this is the first published study demonstrating significantly improved CD8⁺ T cell responses achieved by delivering subunit vaccines to the skin's abundant immune cell population. Successfully replicating these findings in humans could significantly advance the reach of vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwee-Ing Ng
- Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D²G²), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Bhargav A, Muller DA, Kendall MAF, Corrie SR. Surface modifications of microprojection arrays for improved biomarker capture in the skin of live mice. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2483-2489. [PMID: 22404111 DOI: 10.1021/am3001727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
New technologies are needed to translate biomarker discovery research into simple, inexpensive, and effective molecular diagnostic assays for use by clinicians or patients to guide and monitor treatment. Microprojection arrays were recently introduced as tools which, when applied to the skin, penetrate into the dermal tissue, and capture specific circulating biomarkers. In our initial work on Microprojection arrays, carbodiimide chemistry was used to immobilize biomarker-specific probes for affinity capture in vivo using a mouse model. However, as the observed capture efficiencies were relatively low, with significant variation across the surface, here we investigated the surface modifications to (a) determine the source of the variability and (b) find ways of improving capture efficiency. We found the protein immobilization step accounted for almost all of the variability in surface uniformity. Varying the protein immobilization conditions following a standard carbodiimide activation process resulted in a reduction in overall variation 14-fold and an increase in captured biomarker amount ∼18-fold. In conclusion, we found that investigating and optimizing the surface chemistry of microprojection array devices led to drastic improvements in capturing biomarkers from skin fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarshi Bhargav
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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