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Zhan L, Edd J, Mishra A, Toner M. Label-Free Microfluidic Apheresis of Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405853. [PMID: 39199012 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
Screening liters of blood (i.e., apheresis) represents a generalized approach to promote the reliable access to circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs), which are known to be highly metastasis-competent, yet ultrarare. However, no existing CTCC sorting technology has demonstrated high throughput, high yield, low shear stress, and minimal blood dilution simultaneously as required in apheresis. Here, a label-free method is introduced termed Precision Apheresis for Non-invasive Debulking of cell Aggregates (PANDA) to continuously isolate CTCCs from undiluted blood to clean buffer through size sorting, processing 1.4 billion cells per second. The cell focusing is optimized within whole blood leveraging secondary transverse flow and margination. The PANDA chip recovers >90% of spiked ≈24 rare HeLa cell clusters from 100 mL undiluted blood samples (equivalent to ≈500 billion blood cells) at 1 L h-1 throughput, with ≤20s device residence time, ≤15 Pa shear stress, and >99.9% return of blood components. The technology lays the groundwork for future routine isolation to increase the recovery of these ultrarare yet clinically significant tumor cell populations from large volumes of blood to advance cancer research, early detection, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhan
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jon Edd
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 12129, USA
| | - Avanish Mishra
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 12129, USA
| | - Mehmet Toner
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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2
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Qiao Z, Teng X, Liu A, Yang W. Novel Isolating Approaches to Circulating Tumor Cell Enrichment Based on Microfluidics: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:706. [PMID: 38930676 PMCID: PMC11206030 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), derived from the primary tumor and carrying genetic information, contribute significantly to the process of tumor metastasis. The analysis and detection of CTCs can be used to assess the prognosis and treatment response in patients with tumors, as well as to help study the metastatic mechanisms of tumors and the development of new drugs. Since CTCs are very rare in the blood, it is a challenging problem to enrich CTCs efficiently. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of microfluidics-based enrichment devices for CTCs in recent years. We explore in detail the methods of enrichment based on the physical or biological properties of CTCs; among them, physical properties cover factors such as size, density, and dielectric properties, while biological properties are mainly related to tumor-specific markers on the surface of CTCs. In addition, we provide an in-depth description of the methods for enrichment of single CTCs and illustrate the importance of single CTCs for performing tumor analyses. Future research will focus on aspects such as improving the separation efficiency, reducing costs, and increasing the detection sensitivity and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zezheng Qiao
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Xiangyu Teng
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
| | - Anqin Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Yantai Institute of Technology, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China; (Z.Q.); (X.T.)
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3
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Rotatori S, Zhang Y, Madden-Hennessey K, Mohammed C, Yang CH, Urbani J, Shrestha P, Pettinelli J, Wang D, Liu X, Zhao Q. Live cell pool and rare cell isolation using Enrich TROVO system. N Biotechnol 2024; 80:12-20. [PMID: 38176452 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Although several technologies have been developed to isolate cells of interest from a heterogenous sample, clogging and impaired cell viability limit such isolation. We have developed the Enrich TROVO system as a novel, nonfluidic technology to sort live cells. The TROVO system combines imaging-based cell selection and photo-crosslinking of (gelatin methacrylate) gelMA-hydrogel to capture cells. After capture, cells are released by enzymatic digestion of the hydrogel and then retrieved for downstream analysis or further cell culturing. The system can capture cells with a recovery rate of 48% while maintaining 90% viability. Moreover, TROVO can enrich rare cells 506-fold with 93% efficiency using single step isolation from a 1:104 cell mixture, and can also capture one target cell from 1 million cells, reaching an enrichment ratio of 9128. In addition, 100% purity and 49% recovery rate can be achieved by a following negative isolation process. Compared to existing technologies, the TROVO system is clog-resistant, highly biocompatible, and can process a wide range of sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Rotatori
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Yichong Zhang
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
| | | | - Christina Mohammed
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Chi-Han Yang
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Jordan Urbani
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Prem Shrestha
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Joseph Pettinelli
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Xueqi Liu
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA
| | - Qi Zhao
- Enrich Biosystems Inc., 21 Business Park Drive. STE. 4, Branford, CT 06405, USA.
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Wells TN, Schmidt H, Hawkins AR. Constrained Volume Micro- and Nanoparticle Collection Methods in Microfluidic Systems. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:699. [PMID: 38930668 PMCID: PMC11206162 DOI: 10.3390/mi15060699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Particle trapping and enrichment into confined volumes can be useful in particle processing and analysis. This review is an evaluation of the methods used to trap and enrich particles into constrained volumes in microfluidic and nanofluidic systems. These methods include physical, optical, electrical, magnetic, acoustic, and some hybrid techniques, all capable of locally enhancing nano- and microparticle concentrations on a microscale. Some key qualitative and quantitative comparison points are also explored, illustrating the specific applicability and challenges of each method. A few applications of these types of particle trapping are also discussed, including enhancing biological and chemical sensors, particle washing techniques, and fluid medium exchange systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner N. Wells
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Holger Schmidt
- School of Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Aaron R. Hawkins
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Gonçalves M, Gonçalves IM, Borges J, Faustino V, Soares D, Vaz F, Minas G, Lima R, Pinho D. Polydimethylsiloxane Surface Modification of Microfluidic Devices for Blood Plasma Separation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1416. [PMID: 38794609 PMCID: PMC11125454 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, researchers have developed a variety of new analytical and clinical diagnostic devices. These devices are predominantly based on microfluidic technologies, where biological samples can be processed and manipulated for the collection and detection of important biomolecules. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is the most commonly used material in the fabrication of these microfluidic devices. However, it has a hydrophobic nature (contact angle with water of 110°), leading to poor wetting behavior and issues related to the mixing of fluids, difficulties in obtaining uniform coatings, and reduced efficiency in processes such as plasma separation and molecule detection (protein adsorption). This work aimed to consider the fabrication aspects of PDMS microfluidic devices for biological applications, such as surface modification methods. Therefore, we studied and characterized two methods for obtaining hydrophilic PDMS surfaces: surface modification by bulk mixture and the surface immersion method. To modify the PDMS surface properties, three different surfactants were used in both methods (Pluronic® F127, polyethylene glycol (PEG), and polyethylene oxide (PEO)) at different percentages. Water contact angle (WCA) measurements were performed to evaluate the surface wettability. Additionally, capillary flow studies were performed with microchannel molds, which were produced using stereolithography combined with PDMS double casting and replica molding procedures. A PDMS microfluidic device for blood plasma separation was also fabricated by soft lithography with PDMS modified by PEO surfactant at 2.5% (v/v), which proved to be the best method for making the PDMS hydrophilic, as the WCA was lower than 50° for several days without compromising the PDMS's optical properties. Thus, this study indicates that PDMS surface modification shows great potential for enhancing blood plasma separation efficiency in microfluidic devices, as it facilitates fluid flow, reduces cell aggregations and the trapping of air bubbles, and achieves higher levels of sample purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Gonçalves
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit, CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.G.); (V.F.); (D.S.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-122 Braga, Portugal, and 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Inês Maia Gonçalves
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (I.M.G.); (R.L.)
- IN+, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Systems Engineering, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Joel Borges
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.V.)
- LaPMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Vera Faustino
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit, CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.G.); (V.F.); (D.S.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-122 Braga, Portugal, and 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Delfim Soares
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit, CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.G.); (V.F.); (D.S.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-122 Braga, Portugal, and 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Filipe Vaz
- Physics Center of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.B.); (F.V.)
- LaPMET, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Graça Minas
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit, CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.G.); (V.F.); (D.S.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-122 Braga, Portugal, and 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (I.M.G.); (R.L.)
- CEFT, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Pinho
- Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit, CMEMS-UMinho, University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (M.G.); (V.F.); (D.S.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4800-122 Braga, Portugal, and 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
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Heussner RT, Whalen RM, Anderson A, Theison H, Baik J, Gibbs S, Wong MH, Chang YH. Quantitative image analysis pipeline for detecting circulating hybrid cells in immunofluorescence images with human-level accuracy. Cytometry A 2024; 105:345-355. [PMID: 38385578 PMCID: PMC11217923 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) are a newly discovered, tumor-derived cell population found in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and are thought to contribute to tumor metastasis. However, identifying CHCs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a time-consuming and subjective process that currently relies on manual annotation by laboratory technicians. Additionally, while IF is relatively easy to apply to tissue sections, its application to PBMC smears presents challenges due to the presence of biological and technical artifacts. To address these challenges, we present a robust image analysis pipeline to automate the detection and analysis of CHCs in IF images. The pipeline incorporates quality control to optimize specimen preparation protocols and remove unwanted artifacts, leverages a β-variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn meaningful latent representations of single-cell images, and employs a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieve human-level CHC detection. We created a rigorously labeled IF CHC data set including nine patients and two disease sites with the assistance of 10 annotators to evaluate the pipeline. We examined annotator variation and bias in CHC detection and provided guidelines to optimize the accuracy of CHC annotation. We found that all annotators agreed on CHC identification for only 65% of the cells in the data set and had a tendency to underestimate CHC counts for regions of interest (ROIs) containing relatively large amounts of cells (>50,000) when using the conventional enumeration method. On the other hand, our proposed approach is unbiased to ROI size. The SVM classifier trained on the β-VAE embeddings achieved an F1 score of 0.80, matching the average performance of human annotators. Our pipeline enables researchers to explore the role of CHCs in cancer progression and assess their potential as a clinical biomarker for metastasis. Further, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify discrete cellular phenotypes among PBMCs, highlighting its utility beyond CHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Heussner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Riley M. Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Ashley Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Heather Theison
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph Baik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Summer Gibbs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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7
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Liu HE, Vuppalapaty M, Hoerner CR, Bergstrom CP, Chiu M, Lemaire C, Che J, Kaur A, Dimmick A, Liu S, Metzner TJ, Araya M, Crouse S, Sprenger-Haussels M, Schlumpberger M, Leppert JT, Hauch S, Sollier E, Fan AC. Detecting androgen receptor (AR), AR variant 7 (AR-V7), prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gene expression in CTCs and plasma exosome-derived cfRNA in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) by integrating the VTX-1 CTC isolation system with the QIAGEN AdnaTest. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:482. [PMID: 38627648 PMCID: PMC11022466 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapies for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) include targeting the androgen receptor (AR) with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Having the ability to detect AR, AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7), or PSMA in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or circulating exosomal cell-free RNA (cfRNA) could be helpful to guide selection of the appropriate therapy for each individual patient. The Vortex Biosciences VTX-1 system is a label-free CTC isolation system that enables the detection of the expression of multiple genes in both CTCs and exosomal cfRNA from the same blood sample in patients with mCRPC. Detection of both AR-V7 and PSMA gene expression in both CTCs and cfRNA simultaneously has not yet been reported. METHODS To characterize the combined VTX-1-AdnaDetect workflow, 22Rv1 cancer cells were spiked into blood from healthy donors and processed with the VTX-1 to mimic patient samples and assess performances (capture efficiency, purity, AR and AR-V7 expression). Then, we collected 19 blood samples from 16 patients with mCRPC and therapeutic resistance to androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs). Plasma was separated and the plasma-depleted blood was processed further with the VTX-1 to collect CTCs. Both plasma exosomal cfRNA and CTCs were subsequently analyzed for AR, AR-V7, PSMA, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) mRNA expression using the AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 assay. RESULTS AR-V7 expression could be detected in 22Rv1 cells spiked into blood from healthy volunteers as well as in CTCs and plasma-derived exosomal cfRNA from patients with mCRPC by processing blood with the VTX-1 CTC isolation system followed by the AdnaTest ProstateCancerPanel AR-V7 assay. 94.7% of patient blood samples (18/19) had detectable AR expression in either CTCs or exosomal cfRNA (16 in CTCs, 12 in cfRNA). 15.8% of the 19 patient blood samples (3/19) were found to have AR-V7-positive (AR-V7+) CTCs, one of which was also AR-V7+ in the exosomal cfRNA analysis. 42.1% of patient blood samples (8/19) were found to be PSMA positive (PSMA+): 26.3% (5/19) were PSMA+ in the CTC analysis and 31.6% (6/19) were PSMA+ in the exosomal cfRNA analysis. Of those 8 PSMA+ samples, 2 had detectable PSMA only in CTCs, and 3 had detectable PSMA only in exosomal cfRNA. CONCLUSION VTX-1 enables isolation of CTCs and plasma exosomes from a single blood draw and can be used for detecting AR-V7 and PSMA mRNA in both CTCs and cfRNA in patients with mCRPC and resistance to ARIs. This technology facilitates combining RNA measurements in CTCs and exosomal cfRNA for future studies to develop potentially clinically relevant cancer biomarker detection in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian R Hoerner
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colin P Bergstrom
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - James Che
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sean Liu
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Metzner
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Menna Araya
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - John T Leppert
- Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Alice C Fan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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8
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Chen Y, Tang Z, Liu J, Ren C, Zhang Y, Xu H, Li Q, Zhang Q. A multilocus-dendritic boronic acid functionalized magnetic nanoparticle for capturing circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of mice with metastatic breast cancer. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1297:342381. [PMID: 38438224 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic fluctuation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can serve as an indicator of tumor progression. However, the sensitive isolation of CTCs remains extremely challenging due to their rarity and heterogeneity. Against this dilemma, dendritic boronic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared in this study, and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was utilized as a scaffold to significantly increase the number of boronic acid moieties. Then the novel developed material was applied to monitor the number of CTCs in mice with metastatic breast cancer to evaluate the therapeutic effects of matrine (Mat), doxorubicin (Dox), and Mat in combination with Dox. RESULTS Compared to the low binding capacity of a single boronic acid ligand, dendritic boronic acid shows enhanced sensitivity in binding to sialic acid (SA), which is overexpressed in CTCs. The results showed that the capture efficiency of this modified material could achieve 94.7% and successfully captured CTCs in blood samples from mice with metastatic breast cancer. The CTC counts were consistent with the results of the pathologic examination, demonstrating the reliability and utility of the method. SIGNIFICANCE The dendritic boronic acid nanomaterials prepared in this study showed high specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy for cancer cell capture. The approach is expected to provide new insights into cancer diagnosis, personalized therapy, and optimization of treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Zhengkun Tang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Chuanyang Ren
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Huarong Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qing Li
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Key Technology of Chinese Material Medica Quality Control, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, China.
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9
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Shen F, Gao J, Zhang J, Ai M, Gao H, Liu Z. Vortex sorting of rare particles/cells in microcavities: A review. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2024; 18:021504. [PMID: 38571909 PMCID: PMC10987199 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Microfluidics or lab-on-a-chip technology has shown great potential for the separation of target particles/cells from heterogeneous solutions. Among current separation methods, vortex sorting of particles/cells in microcavities is a highly effective method for trapping and isolating rare target cells, such as circulating tumor cells, from flowing samples. By utilizing fluid forces and inertial particle effects, this passive method offers advantages such as label-free operation, high throughput, and high concentration. This paper reviews the fundamental research on the mechanisms of focusing, trapping, and holding of particles in this method, designs of novel microcavities, as well as its applications. We also summarize the challenges and prospects of this technique with the hope to promote its applications in medical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Shen
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Jie Gao
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingzhu Ai
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongkai Gao
- Department of General Surgery, First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaomiao Liu
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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10
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Thurgood P, Hawke A, Low LS, Borg A, Peter K, Baratchi S, Khoshmanesh K. Tube Oscillation Drives Transitory Vortices Across Microfluidic Barriers. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2301427. [PMID: 38161266 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Here, the generation of dynamic vortices across microscale barriers using the tube oscillation mechanism is demonstrated. Using a combination of high-speed imaging and computational flow dynamics, the cyclic formation, expansion, and collapse of vortices are studied. The dynamics of vortices across circular , triangular, and blade-shape barriers are investigated at different tube oscillation frequencies. The formation of an array of synchronous vortices across parallel blade-shaped barriers is demonstrated. The transient flows caused by these dynamic vortex arrays are harnessed for the rapid and efficient mixing of blood samples . A circular barrier scribed with a narrow orifice on its shoulder is used to facilitate the injection of liquid into the microfluidic channel, and its rapid mixing with the main flow through the dynamic vortices generated across the barrier. This approach facilitates the generation of vortices with desirable configurations, sizes, and dynamics in a highly controllable, programmable, and predictable manner while operating at low static flow rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thurgood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Adam Hawke
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Lee Sheer Low
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Aimee Borg
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sara Baratchi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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11
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Sun Y, Xing L, Luo J, Yu M, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhou T, Jiang H. A Pro-Metastatic Derivatives Eliminator for In Vivo Dual-Removal of Circulating Tumor Cells and Tumor-Derived Exosomes Impedes their Biodistribution into Distant Organs. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304287. [PMID: 37867235 PMCID: PMC10700241 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor-derived exosomes (TDEs) play an irreplaceable role in the metastatic cascade and preventing them from reaching distant organs via blood circulation helps to reduce the probability of cancer recurrence and metastasis. However, technologies that can simultaneously prevent CTCs and TDEs from reaching distant organs have not been thoroughly developed until now. Here, inspired by hemoperfusion, a pro-metastatic derivative eliminator (PMDE) is developed for the removal of both CTCs and TDEs from the peripheral blood, which also inhibits their biodistribution in distant organs. This device is designed with a dual antibody-modified immunosorbent filled into a capture column that draws peripheral blood out of the body to flow through the column to specifically capture CTCs and TDEs, followed by retransfusing the purified blood into the body. The PMDE can efficiently remove CTCs and TDEs from the peripheral blood and has excellent biocompatibility. Interestingly, the PMDE device can significantly inhibit the biodistribution of CTCs and TDEs in the lung and liver by scavenging them. This work provides a new perspective on anti-metastatic therapy and has broad prospects in clinical applications to prevent metastasis and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of BiopharmaceuticalsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Ming‐Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Xiao‐Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Tian‐Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
| | - Hu‐Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural MedicinesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Druggability of BiopharmaceuticalsChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic DiseasesChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing210009China
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12
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Cai S, Deng Y, Wang Z, Zhu J, Huang C, Du L, Wang C, Yu X, Liu W, Yang C, Wang Z, Wang L, Ma K, Huang R, Zhou X, Zou H, Zhang W, Huang Y, Li Z, Qin T, Xu T, Guo X, Yu Z. Development and clinical validation of a microfluidic-based platform for CTC enrichment and downstream molecular analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1238332. [PMID: 37849806 PMCID: PMC10578963 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1238332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although many CTC isolation and detection methods can provide information on cancer cell counts, downstream gene and protein analysis remain incomplete. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a technology that can provide comprehensive information on both the number and profile of CTC. Methods In this study, we developed a novel microfluidics-based CTC separation and enrichment platform that provided detailed information about CTC. Results This platform exhibits exceptional functionality, achieving high rates of CTC recovery (87.1%) and purification (∼4 log depletion of WBCs), as well as accurate detection (95.10%), providing intact and viable CTCs for downstream analysis. This platform enables successful separation and enrichment of CTCs from a 4 mL whole-blood sample within 15 minutes. Additionally, CTC subtypes, selected protein expression levels on the CTC surface, and target mutations in selected genes can be directly analyzed for clinical utility using immunofluorescence and real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the detected PD-L1 expression in CTCs is consistent with immunohistochemical assay results. Conclusion The microfluidic-based CTC enrichment platform and downstream molecular analysis together provide a possible alternative to tissue biopsy for precision cancer management, especially for patients whose tissue biopsies are unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songhua Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youjun Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyu Zhu
- Institute of Cancer Control, Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chujian Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Longde Du
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunguang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyang Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenyi Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chenglin Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenchong Zhang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tiaoping Qin
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Cellomics (ShenZhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhentao Yu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital and Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Shenzhen, China
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13
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Ogut MG, Ma P, Gupta R, Hoerner CR, Fan AC, El-Kaffas AN, Durmus NG. Automated Image Analysis for Characterization of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters Sorted by Magnetic Levitation. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300109. [PMID: 37462226 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic levitation-based sorting technologies have revolutionized the detection and isolation of rare cells, including circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor cell clusters (CTCCs). Manual counting and quantification of these cells are prone to time-consuming processes, human error, and inter-observer variability, particularly challenging when heterogeneous cell types in 3D clusters are present. To overcome these challenges, we developed "Fastcount," an in-house MATLAB-based algorithm for precise, automated quantification and phenotypic characterization of CTCs and CTCCs, in both 2D and 3D. Fastcount is 120 times faster than manual counting and produces reliable results with a ±7.3% deviation compared to a trained laboratory technician. By analyzing 400 GB of fluorescence imaging data, we showed that Fastcount outperforms manual counting and commercial software when cells are aggregated in 3D or staining artifacts are present, delivering more accurate results. We further employed Fastcount for automated analysis of 3D image stacks obtained from CTCCs isolated from colorectal adenocarcinoma and renal cell carcinoma blood samples. Interestingly, we observed a highly heterogeneous spatial cellular composition within CTCCs, even among clusters from the same patient. Overall, Fastcount can be employed for various applications with lab-chip devices, such as CTC detection, CTCC analysis in 3D and cell detection in biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Giray Ogut
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- School of Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peng Ma
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Rakhi Gupta
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Christian R Hoerner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alice C Fan
- Canary Center for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ahmed Nagy El-Kaffas
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Naside Gozde Durmus
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
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14
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Lee LM, Bhatt KH, Haithcock DW, Prabhakarpandian B. Blood component separation in straight microfluidic channels. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:054106. [PMID: 37854890 PMCID: PMC10581738 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Separation of blood components is required in many diagnostic applications and blood processes. In laboratories, blood is usually fractionated by manual operation involving a bulk centrifugation equipment, which significantly increases logistic burden. Blood sample processing in the field and resource-limited settings cannot be readily implemented without the use of microfluidic technology. In this study, we developed a small footprint, rapid, and passive microfluidic channel device that relied on margination and inertial focusing effects for blood component separation. No blood dilution, lysis, or labeling step was needed as to preserve sample integrity. One main innovation of this work was the insertion of fluidic restrictors at outlet ports to divert the separation interface into designated outlet channels. Thus, separation efficiency was significantly improved in comparison to previous works. We demonstrated different operation modes ranging from platelet or plasma extraction from human whole blood to platelet concentration from platelet-rich plasma through the manipulation of outlet port fluidic resistance. Using straight microfluidic channels with a high aspect ratio rectangular cross section, we demonstrated 95.4% platelet purity extracted from human whole blood. In plasma extraction, 99.9% RBC removal rate was achieved. We also demonstrated 2.6× concentration of platelet-rich plasma solution to produce platelet concentrate. The extraction efficiency and throughput rate are scalable with continuous and clog-free recirculation operation, in contrast to other blood fractionation approaches using filtration membranes or affinity-based purification methods. Our microfluidic blood separation method is highly tunable and versatile, and easy to be integrated into multi-step blood processing and advanced sample preparation workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lap Man Lee
- CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Ketan H. Bhatt
- CFD Research Corporation, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
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15
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Heussner RT, Whalen RM, Anderson A, Theison H, Baik J, Gibbs S, Wong MH, Chang YH. Quantitative image analysis pipeline for detecting circulating hybrid cells in immunofluorescence images with human-level accuracy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554733. [PMID: 37662330 PMCID: PMC10473764 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Circulating hybrid cells (CHCs) are a newly discovered, tumor-derived cell population identified in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and are thought to contribute to tumor metastasis. However, identifying CHCs by immunofluorescence (IF) imaging of patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is a time-consuming and subjective process that currently relies on manual annotation by laboratory technicians. Additionally, while IF is relatively easy to apply to tissue sections, its application on PBMC smears presents challenges due to the presence of biological and technical artifacts. To address these challenges, we present a robust image analysis pipeline to automate the detection and analyses of CHCs in IF images. The pipeline incorporates quality control to optimize specimen preparation protocols and remove unwanted artifacts, leverages a β-variational autoencoder (VAE) to learn meaningful latent representations of single-cell images and employs a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieve human-level CHC detection. We created a rigorously labeled IF CHC dataset including 9 patients and 2 disease sites with the assistance of 10 annotators to evaluate the pipeline. We examined annotator variation and bias in CHC detection and then provided guidelines to optimize the accuracy of CHC annotation. We found that all annotators agreed on CHC identification for only 65% of the cells in the dataset and had a tendency to underestimate CHC counts for regions of interest (ROI) containing relatively large amounts of cells (>50,000) when using conventional enumeration methods. On the other hand, our proposed approach is unbiased to ROI size. The SVM classifier trained on the β-VAE encodings achieved an F1 score of 0.80, matching the average performance of annotators. Our pipeline enables researchers to explore the role of CHCs in cancer progression and assess their potential as a clinical biomarker for metastasis. Further, we demonstrate that the pipeline can identify discrete cellular phenotypes among PBMCs, highlighting its utility beyond CHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T. Heussner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Riley M. Whalen
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Ashley Anderson
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Heather Theison
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Joseph Baik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Summer Gibbs
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Melissa H. Wong
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Young Hwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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16
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Mohamadsharifi A, Hajghassem H, Kalantar M, Karimi A, Tabatabaei Asl M, Hosseini S, Badieirostami M. High-Efficiency Inertial Separation of Microparticles Using Elevated Columned Reservoirs and Vortex Technique for Lab-on-a-Chip Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:28628-28639. [PMID: 37576636 PMCID: PMC10413478 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has envisioned an excellent outlook for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Among numerous efforts proposed for CTCs isolation, vortex separation is a well-known method for capturing CTCs from blood due to its applicability, low sample volume requirement, and ability to retain cell viability. It is a label-free, passive, low-cost, and automated method, making it an ideal solution for lab-on-a-chip applications. The previous designs that employed vortex technology have shown reaching high throughput and 70% separation efficiency although it was after three processing cycles which are not desired. Inspired by our earlier design, in this work, we redesigned the chip geometry by elevating the columned reservoir height to capture more particles and consequently reduce particle-particle collision, eventually improving efficiency. So, a height-variable chip with fewer elevated columned reservoirs (ECRs) was employed to isolate 20 μm microparticles representing CTCs from 8 μm microparticles. Also, numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the third axis contribution to the separation mechanism. The new design with ECRs resulted in a 14% increase in average efficiency, reaching ∼80% ± 8.3% in microparticle separation and 61% purity. Moreover, the proposed chip geometry demonstrated more than three times higher capacity in retaining orbiting particles up to 1300 in peak performance without sacrificing efficiency compared to earlier single-layer designs. We came up with an upgraded injection system to facilitate this chip characterization. We also presented an effortless and straightforward approach for purging air bubbles trapped inside the reservoirs to preserve regular chip operation, especially where there is a mismatch between channel and reservoir heights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Mohamadsharifi
- Faculty
of New Sciences and Technologies, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14759-87353, Iran
| | - Hassan Hajghassem
- Faculty
of New Sciences and Technologies, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14759-87353, Iran
| | - Mahsa Kalantar
- Faculty
of New Sciences and Technologies, University
of Tehran, Tehran 14759-87353, Iran
| | - Ali Karimi
- Department
of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif
University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran
| | | | - Seyedmajid Hosseini
- Division
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803-2804, United States
| | - Majid Badieirostami
- School
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran
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17
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Martel A, Mograbi B, Romeo B, Gastaud L, Lalvee S, Zahaf K, Fayada J, Nahon-Esteve S, Bonnetaud C, Salah M, Tanga V, Baillif S, Bertolotto C, Lassalle S, Hofman P. Assessment of Different Circulating Tumor Cell Platforms for Uveal Melanoma: Potential Impact for Future Routine Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11075. [PMID: 37446253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy and circulating tumor cell (CTC) screening has gained interest over the last two decades for detecting almost all solid malignancies. To date, the major limitation in terms of the applicability of CTC screening in daily clinical practice is the lack of reproducibility due to the high number of platforms available that use various technologies (e.g., label-dependent versus label-free detection). Only a few studies have compared different CTC platforms. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of four commercially available CTC platforms (Vortex (VTX-1), ClearCell FX, ISET, and Cellsearch) for the detection and identification of uveal melanoma cells (OMM 2.3 cell line). Tumor cells were seeded in RPMI medium and venous blood from healthy donors, and then processed similarly using these four platforms. Melan-A immunochemistry was performed to identify tumor cells, except when the Cellsearch device was used (automated identification). The mean overall recovery rates (with mean recovered cells) were 39.2% (19.92), 22.2% (11.31), 8.9% (4.85), and 1.1% (0.20) for the ISET, Vortex (VTX-1), ClearCell FX, and CellSearch platforms, respectively. Although paramount, the recovery rate is not sufficient to assess a CTC platform. Other parameters, such as the purpose for using a platform (diagnosis, genetics, drug sensitivity, or patient-derived xenograft models), reproducibility, purity, user-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, and ergonomics, should also be considered before they can be used in daily clinical practice and are discussed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Martel
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Baharia Mograbi
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Barnabe Romeo
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Lauris Gastaud
- Oncology Department, Antoine Lacassagne Cancer Center, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Salome Lalvee
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Katia Zahaf
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Julien Fayada
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Sacha Nahon-Esteve
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06 100 Nice, France
| | - Christelle Bonnetaud
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Myriam Salah
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Virginie Tanga
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Stéphanie Baillif
- Ophthalmology Department, University Hospital of Nice, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Corine Bertolotto
- Inserm, Biology and Pathologies of Melanocytes, Team1, Equipe labellisée Ligue 2020 and Equipe labellisée ARC 2019, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, 06 100 Nice, France
| | - Sandra Lassalle
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
| | - Paul Hofman
- Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, 06 000 Nice, France
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, University Hospital of Nice, FHU OncoAge, Cote d'Azur University, Biobank BB-0033-00025, 06 000 Nice, France
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18
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Parvin D, Hashemi ZS, Shokati F, Mohammadpour Z, Bazargan V. Immunomagnetic Isolation of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells Using a Microfluidic Device. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:21745-21754. [PMID: 37360498 PMCID: PMC10286087 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) as a tool for monitoring metastatic cancers, early diagnosis, and evaluation of disease prognosis paves the way toward personalized cancer treatment. Developing an effective, feasible, and low-cost method to facilitate CTC isolation is, therefore, vital. In the present study, we integrated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with microfluidics and used them for the isolation of HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Iron oxide MNPs were synthesized and functionalized with the anti-HER2 antibody. The chemical conjugation was verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering/zeta potential analysis. The specificity of the functionalized NPs for the separation of HER2-positive from HER2-negative cells was demonstrated in an off-chip test setting. The off-chip isolation efficiency was 59.38%. The efficiency of SK-BR-3 cell isolation using a microfluidic chip with a S-shaped microchannel was considerably enhanced to 96% (a flow rate of 0.5 mL/h) without chip clogging. Besides, the analysis time for the on-chip cell separation was 50% faster. The clear advantages of the present microfluidic system offer a competitive solution in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaram Parvin
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Amirabad, 1439957131 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Hashemi
- ATMP
Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, No. 146, South Gandhi Street, Vanak Square, 1517964311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Shokati
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, No. 146, South Gandhi Street, Vanak Square, 1517964311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Mohammadpour
- Biomaterials
and Tissue Engineering Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, No. 146, South Gandhi Street, Vanak Square, 1517964311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Bazargan
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, North Amirabad, 1439957131 Tehran, Iran
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19
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Ye X, Zou J, Chen J, Luo S, Zhao Q, Situ B, Zheng L, Wang Q. An Adhesion-based Method for Rapid and Low-cost Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells. Clin Chim Acta 2023:117421. [PMID: 37290614 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive monitoring of cancer through circulating tumor cells (CTCs) is hampered long by unsatisfactory CTCs testing techniques. Efficient isolation of CTCs in a rapid and price-favorable way from billions of leukocytes is crucial for testing. METHODS We developed a new method based on the stronger adhesive power of CTCs versus leukocytes to sensitively isolate CTCs. Using a BSA-coated microplate and low-speed centrifuge, this method could easily separate cancer cells within 20 min at a very low cost. RESULT The capture ratio can reach 70.7∼86.6% in various cancer cell lines (breast/lung/liver/cervical/colorectal cancer) covering different EMT phenotypes and cell sizes, demonstrating the potential for efficient pan-cancer CTCs detection. Moreover, the label-free process can well preserve cell viability (∼99%) to fit downstream DNA/RNA sequencing. CONCLUSIONS A novel technique for non-destructive and rapid enrichment of CTCs has been devised. It has enabled the successful isolation of rare tumor cells in the patient blood sample and pleural effusion, highlighting a promising future of this method in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianjun Zou
- Department of Oncology, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shihua Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qianwen Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Bo Situ
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Rapid Diagnostic Biosensors, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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20
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Farahinia A, Zhang W, Badea I. Recent Developments in Inertial and Centrifugal Microfluidic Systems along with the Involved Forces for Cancer Cell Separation: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23115300. [PMID: 37300027 DOI: 10.3390/s23115300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of cancers is a significant challenge in the healthcare context today. Spreading circulating tumor cells (CTCs) throughout the body will eventually lead to cancer metastasis and produce new tumors near the healthy tissues. Therefore, separating these invading cells and extracting cues from them is extremely important for determining the rate of cancer progression inside the body and for the development of individualized treatments, especially at the beginning of the metastasis process. The continuous and fast separation of CTCs has recently been achieved using numerous separation techniques, some of which involve multiple high-level operational protocols. Although a simple blood test can detect the presence of CTCs in the blood circulation system, the detection is still restricted due to the scarcity and heterogeneity of CTCs. The development of more reliable and effective techniques is thus highly desired. The technology of microfluidic devices is promising among many other bio-chemical and bio-physical technologies. This paper reviews recent developments in the two types of microfluidic devices, which are based on the size and/or density of cells, for separating cancer cells. The goal of this review is to identify knowledge or technology gaps and to suggest future works.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahinia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ildiko Badea
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada
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21
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Gong L, Cretella A, Lin Y. Microfluidic systems for particle capture and release: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 236:115426. [PMID: 37276636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology has emerged as a promising tool in various applications, including biosensing, disease diagnosis, and environmental monitoring. One of the notable features of microfluidic devices is their ability to selectively capture and release specific cells, biomolecules, bacteria, and particles. Compared to traditional bulk analysis instruments, microfluidic capture-and-release platforms offer several advantages, such as contactless operation, label-free detection, high accuracy, good sensitivity, and minimal reagent requirements. However, despite significant efforts dedicated to developing innovative capture mechanisms in the past, the release and recovery efficiency of trapped particles have often been overlooked. Many previous studies have focused primarily on particle capture techniques and their efficiency, disregarding the crucial role of successful particle release for subsequent analysis. In reality, the ability to effectively release trapped particles is particularly essential to ensure ongoing, high-throughput analysis. To address this gap, this review aims to highlight the importance of both capture and release mechanisms in microfluidic systems and assess their effectiveness. The methods are classified into two categories: those based on physical principles and those using biochemical approaches. Furthermore, the review offers a comprehensive summary of recent applications of microfluidic platforms specifically designed for particle capture and release. It outlines the designs and performance of these devices, highlighting their advantages and limitations in various target applications and purposes. Finally, the review concludes with discussions on the current challenges faced in the field and presents potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Gong
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Andrew Cretella
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Yang Lin
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA.
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22
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Zhou J, Vorobyeva A, Luan Q, Papautsky I. Single Cell Analysis of Inertial Migration by Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:787. [PMID: 37421020 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analysis provides a wealth of information regarding the molecular landscape of the tumor cells responding to extracellular stimulations, which has greatly advanced the research in cancer biology. In this work, we adapt such a concept for the analysis of inertial migration of cells and clusters, which is promising for cancer liquid biopsy, by isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and CTC clusters. Using high-speed camera tracking live individual tumor cells and cell clusters, the behavior of inertial migration was profiled in unprecedented detail. We found that inertial migration is heterogeneous spatially, depending on the initial cross-sectional location. The lateral migration velocity peaks at about 25% of the channel width away from the sidewalls for both single cells and clusters. More importantly, while the doublets of the cell clusters migrate significantly faster than single cells (~two times faster), cell triplets unexpectedly have similar migration velocities to doublets, which seemingly disagrees with the size-dependent nature of inertial migration. Further analysis indicates that the cluster shape or format (for example, triplets can be in string format or triangle format) plays a significant role in the migration of more complex cell clusters. We found that the migration velocity of a string triplet is statistically comparable to that of a single cell while the triangle triplets can migrate slightly faster than doublets, suggesting that size-based sorting of cells and clusters can be challenging depending on the cluster format. Undoubtedly, these new findings need to be considered in the translation of inertial microfluidic technology for CTC cluster detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Alexandra Vorobyeva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Qiyue Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- UI Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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23
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Guo L, Liu C, Qi M, Cheng L, Wang L, Li C, Dong B. Recent progress of nanostructure-based enrichment of circulating tumor cells and downstream analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1493-1523. [PMID: 36776104 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00890d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The isolation and detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play an important role in early cancer diagnosis and prognosis, providing easy access to identify metastatic cells before clinically detectable metastases. In the past 20 years, according to the heterogeneous expression of CTCs on the surface and their special physical properties (size, morphology, electricity, etc.), a series of in vitro enrichment methods of CTCs have been developed based on microfluidic chip technology, nanomaterials and various nanostructures. In recent years, the in vivo detection of CTCs has attracted considerable attention. Photoacoustic flow cytometry and fluorescence flow cytometry were used to detect CTCs in a noninvasive manner. In addition, flexible magnetic wire and indwelling intravascular non-circulating CTCs isolation system were developed for in vivo CTCs study. In the aspect of downstream analysis, gene analysis and drug sensitivity tests of enriched CTCs were developed based on various existing molecular analysis techniques. All of these studies constitute a complete study of CTCs. Although the existing reviews mainly focus on one aspect of capturing CTCs study, a review that includes the in vivo and in vitro capture and downstream analysis study of CTCs is highly needed. This review focuses on not only the classic work and latest research progress in in vitro capture but also includes the in vivo capture and downstream analysis, discussing the advantages and significance of the different research methods and providing new ideas for solving the heterogeneity and rarity of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Guo
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
| | - Manlin Qi
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China.
| | - Chunxia Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China.
| | - Biao Dong
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China.
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24
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Lu N, Tay HM, Petchakup C, He L, Gong L, Maw KK, Leong SY, Lok WW, Ong HB, Guo R, Li KHH, Hou HW. Label-free microfluidic cell sorting and detection for rapid blood analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1226-1257. [PMID: 36655549 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00904h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Blood tests are considered as standard clinical procedures to screen for markers of diseases and health conditions. However, the complex cellular background (>99.9% RBCs) and biomolecular composition often pose significant technical challenges for accurate blood analysis. An emerging approach for point-of-care blood diagnostics is utilizing "label-free" microfluidic technologies that rely on intrinsic cell properties for blood fractionation and disease detection without any antibody binding. A growing body of clinical evidence has also reported that cellular dysfunction and their biophysical phenotypes are complementary to standard hematoanalyzer analysis (complete blood count) and can provide a more comprehensive health profiling. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in microfluidic label-free separation of different blood cell components including circulating tumor cells, leukocytes, platelets and nanoscale extracellular vesicles. Label-free single cell analysis of intrinsic cell morphology, spectrochemical properties, dielectric parameters and biophysical characteristics as novel blood-based biomarkers will also be presented. Next, we will highlight research efforts that combine label-free microfluidics with machine learning approaches to enhance detection sensitivity and specificity in clinical studies, as well as innovative microfluidic solutions which are capable of fully integrated and label-free blood cell sorting and analysis. Lastly, we will envisage the current challenges and future outlook of label-free microfluidics platforms for high throughput multi-dimensional blood cell analysis to identify non-traditional circulating biomarkers for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Lu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 65 Nanyang Drive, Block N3, 637460, Singapore
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Chayakorn Petchakup
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Linwei He
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Lingyan Gong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Kay Khine Maw
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Sheng Yuan Leong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Wan Wei Lok
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Hong Boon Ong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
| | - Ruya Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - King Ho Holden Li
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 65 Nanyang Drive, Block N3, 637460, Singapore
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Blk N3, Level 2, Room 86 (N3-02c-86), 639798, Singapore.
- HP-NTU Digital Manufacturing Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, 65 Nanyang Drive, Block N3, 637460, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Clinical Sciences Building, 308232, Singapore
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25
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Shi J, Xu J, Yu Y, Wu C, Chen J, Li S, Ouyang Q, Yang W, Luo C. A Parallelable 3D Microfluidic Chip for Circulating‐Tumor‐Cell Capture at Ultra‐High Throughput and Wide Flow Rate Range. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Shi
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University 5 Summer Palace Road Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University 5 Summer Palace Road Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Xu
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Jinlian Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
| | - Yaojun Yu
- Department of Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University 1111 Wenzhou Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Chengyuan Wu
- Department of Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University 1111 Wenzhou Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Jiangnan Chen
- Department of Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University 1111 Wenzhou Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325027 China
| | - Shuangshuang Li
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Jinlian Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
| | - Qi Ouyang
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University 5 Summer Palace Road Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University 5 Summer Palace Road Beijing 100871 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Jinlian Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University 5 Summer Palace Road Beijing 100817 China
| | - Wei Yang
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Jinlian Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics School of Physics Peking University 5 Summer Palace Road Beijing 100871 China
- Center for Quantitative Biology Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University 5 Summer Palace Road Beijing 100871 China
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 1 Jinlian Road Wenzhou Zhejiang 325001 China
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26
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Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zheng D, Huang T, Fu Q, Liu Y. Label-Free Separation of Circulating Tumor Cells and Clusters by Alternating Frequency Acoustic Field in a Microfluidic Chip. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043338. [PMID: 36834750 PMCID: PMC9964901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play an important role in the prognosis and efficacy evaluation of metastatic tumors. Since CTCs are present in very low concentrations in the blood and the phenotype is dynamically changing, it is a great challenge to achieve efficient separation while maintaining their viability. In this work, we designed an acoustofluidic microdevice for CTCs separation based on the differences in cell physical properties of size and compressibility. Efficient separation can be achieved with only one piece of piezoceramic working on alternating frequency mode. The separation principle was simulated by numerical calculation. Cancer cells from different tumor types were separated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), with capture efficiency higher than 94% and a contamination rate of about 1% was obtained. Furthermore, this method was validated to have no negative effect on the viability of the separated cells. Finally, blood samples from patients with different cancer types and stages were tested, with measured concentrations of 36-166 CTCs per milliliter. Effective separation was achieved even when the size of CTCs is similar to that of PBMCs, which has the prospect of clinical application in cancer diagnosis and efficacy evaluation.
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27
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Rima XY, Zhang J, Reátegui E. Capture and Selective Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2679:67-81. [PMID: 37300609 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3271-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selectively capturing and releasing viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the peripheral blood of cancer patients is advantageous for investigating the molecular hallmarks of metastasis and developing personalized therapeutics. CTC-based liquid biopsies are flourishing in the clinical setting, offering opportunities to track the real-time responses of patients during clinical trials and lending accessibility to cancers that are traditionally difficult to diagnose. However, CTCs are rare compared to the breadth of cells that reside in the circulatory network, which has encouraged the engineering of novel microfluidic devices. Current microfluidic technologies either extensively enrich CTCs but compromise cellular viability or sort viable CTCs at low efficiencies. Herein we present a procedure to fabricate and operate a microfluidic device capable of capturing CTCs at high efficiencies while ensuring high viability. The microvortex-inducing microfluidic device functionalized with nanointerfaces positively enriches CTCs via cancer-specific immunoaffinity, while a thermally responsive surface chemistry releases the captured cells by raising the temperature to 37 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilal Y Rima
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eduardo Reátegui
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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28
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Hasanzadeh Kafshgari M, Hayden O. Advances in analytical microfluidic workflows for differential cancer diagnosis. NANO SELECT 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Oliver Hayden
- Heinz‐Nixdorf‐Chair of Biomedical Electronics Campus Klinikum München rechts der Isar TranslaTUM Technical University of Munich Munich Germany
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29
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Chen K, George TJ, Fan ZH. Lateral Filter Array Microfluidic Devices for Detecting Circulating Tumor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2679:1-13. [PMID: 37300605 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3271-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are an important liquid biopsy biomarker for next-generation cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, their clinical usage is hindered by the rarity of CTCs in patient's peripheral blood. Microfluidics has shown unique advantages in CTC isolation and detection. We have developed lateral filter array microfluidic (LFAM) devices for highly efficient CTC isolation. In this chapter, we describe in detail the design and fabrication of the LFAM devices and their applications for CTC enumeration from clinical blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangfu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J George
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Z Hugh Fan
- Interdisciplinary Microsystems Group (IMG), Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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30
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Schwab FD, Scheidmann MC, Ozimski LL, Kling A, Armbrecht L, Ryser T, Krol I, Strittmatter K, Nguyen-Sträuli BD, Jacob F, Fedier A, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Wicki A, Dittrich PS, Aceto N. MyCTC chip: microfluidic-based drug screen with patient-derived tumour cells from liquid biopsies. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:130. [PMID: 36561926 PMCID: PMC9763115 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00467-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cancer patients with advanced disease are characterized by intrinsic challenges in predicting drug response patterns, often leading to ineffective treatment. Current clinical practice for treatment decision-making is commonly based on primary or secondary tumour biopsies, yet when disease progression accelerates, tissue biopsies are not performed on a regular basis. It is in this context that liquid biopsies may offer a unique window to uncover key vulnerabilities, providing valuable information about previously underappreciated treatment opportunities. Here, we present MyCTC chip, a novel microfluidic device enabling the isolation, culture and drug susceptibility testing of cancer cells derived from liquid biopsies. Cancer cell capture is achieved through a label-free, antigen-agnostic enrichment method, and it is followed by cultivation in dedicated conditions, allowing on-chip expansion of captured cells. Upon growth, cancer cells are then transferred to drug screen chambers located within the same device, where multiple compounds can be tested simultaneously. We demonstrate MyCTC chip performance by means of spike-in experiments with patient-derived breast circulating tumour cells, enabling >95% capture rates, as well as prospective processing of blood from breast cancer patients and ascites fluid from patients with ovarian, tubal and endometrial cancer, where sensitivity to specific chemotherapeutic agents was identified. Together, we provide evidence that MyCTC chip may be used to identify personalized drug response patterns in patients with advanced metastatic disease and with limited treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne D. Schwab
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel C. Scheidmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lauren L. Ozimski
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - André Kling
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lucas Armbrecht
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Till Ryser
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Krol
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Strittmatter
- Department of Biomedicine, Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bich Doan Nguyen-Sträuli
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Gynaecology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francis Jacob
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - André Fedier
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Viola Heinzelmann-Schwarz
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Ovarian Cancer Research, University Hospital Basel and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Wicki
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Petra S. Dittrich
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Aceto
- Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH Zurich), Zurich, Switzerland
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31
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Chen H, Li Q, Hu Q, Jiao X, Ren W, Wang S, Peng G. Double spiral chip-embedded micro-trapezoid filters (SMT filters) for the sensitive isolation of CTCs of prostate cancer by spectral detection. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:5392-5403. [PMID: 36540122 PMCID: PMC9724689 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00503d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that are released from the original tumor and circulate in the blood vessels, carrying greatly similar constituents as the original tumor. Therefore, CTCs have a significant value in cancer prognosis, early diagnosis, and anti-cancer therapy. However, their rarity and heterogeneity make the isolation of CTCs an arduous task. In the present research, we propose a double spiral chip-embedded micro-trapezoid filter (SMT filter) for the sensitive isolation of the CTCs of prostate cancer by spectral detection. SMT filters were elongated to effectively capture CTCs and this distinctive design was conducive to their isolation and enrichment. The SMT filters were verified with tumor cells and artificial patient blood with a capture efficiency as high as 94% at a flow rate of 1.5 mL h-1. As a further validation, the SMT filters were validated in isolating CTCs from 10 prostate cancers and other cancers in 4 mL blood samples. Also, the CTCs tested positive for each patient blood sample, ranging from 83-114 CTCs. Significantly, we advanced hyperspectral imaging to detect the characteristic spectrum of CTCs both captured in situ on SMT filters and enriched after isolation. The CTCs could be positively identified by hyperspectral imaging with complete integrity of the cell morphology and an improved characteristic spectrum. This represents a breakthrough in the conventional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy of nanoparticles. Also, the characteristic spectrum of the CTCs would be highly beneficial for distinguishing the cancer type and accurate for enumerating tumor cells with varied intensities. Furthermore, a novel integrated flower-shaped microfilter was presented with all these aforementioned merits. The success of both the SMT filters and characteristic spectral detection indicated their feasibility for further clinical analysis, the evaluation of cancer therapy, and for potential application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Chen
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Qingli Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Qinghai Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Changzheng Hospital Shanghai 200070 P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing, East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Shuangshou Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
| | - Guosheng Peng
- School of Microelectronics and Data Science, Anhui University of Technology Maanshan 243002 P. R. China
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Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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33
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Zhao L, Wang X. 3D printed microfluidics for cell biological applications. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fridrichova I, Kalinkova L, Ciernikova S. Clinical Relevancy of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer: Epithelial or Mesenchymal Characteristics, Single Cells or Clusters? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:12141. [PMID: 36292996 PMCID: PMC9603393 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is typically an incurable disease with high mortality rates; thus, early identification of metastatic features and disease recurrence through precise biomarkers is crucial. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) consisting of heterogeneous subpopulations with different morphology and genetic, epigenetic, and gene expression profiles represent promising candidate biomarkers for metastatic potential. The experimentally verified role of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer dissemination has not been clearly described in BC patients, but the stemness features of CTCs strongly contributes to metastatic potency. Single CTCs have been shown to be protected in the bloodstream against recognition by the immune system through impaired interactions with T lymphocytes and NK cells, while associations of heterotypic CTC clusters with platelets, leucocytes, neutrophils, tumor-associated macrophages, and fibroblasts improve their tumorigenic behavior. In addition to single CTC and CTC cluster characteristics, we reviewed CTC evaluation methods and clinical studies in early and metastatic BCs. The variable CTC tests were developed based on specific principles and strategies. However, CTC count and the presence of CTC clusters were shown to be most clinically relevant in existing clinical trials. Despite the known progress in CTC research and sampling of BC patients, implementation of CTCs and CTC clusters in routine diagnostic and treatment strategies still requires improvement in detection sensitivity and precise molecular characterizations, focused predominantly on the role of CTC clusters for their higher metastatic potency.
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Zare Harofte S, Soltani M, Siavashy S, Raahemifar K. Recent Advances of Utilizing Artificial Intelligence in Lab on a Chip for Diagnosis and Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203169. [PMID: 36026569 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, artificial intelligence (AI) creates numerous promising opportunities in the life sciences. AI methods can be significantly advantageous for analyzing the massive datasets provided by biotechnology systems for biological and biomedical applications. Microfluidics, with the developments in controlled reaction chambers, high-throughput arrays, and positioning systems, generate big data that is not necessarily analyzed successfully. Integrating AI and microfluidics can pave the way for both experimental and analytical throughputs in biotechnology research. Microfluidics enhances the experimental methods and reduces the cost and scale, while AI methods significantly improve the analysis of huge datasets obtained from high-throughput and multiplexed microfluidics. This review briefly presents a survey of the role of AI and microfluidics in biotechnology. Also, the incorporation of AI with microfluidics is comprehensively investigated. Specifically, recent studies that perform flow cytometry cell classification, cell isolation, and a combination of them by gaining from both AI methods and microfluidic techniques are covered. Despite all current challenges, various fields of biotechnology can be remarkably affected by the combination of AI and microfluidic technologies. Some of these fields include point-of-care systems, precision, personalized medicine, regenerative medicine, prognostics, diagnostics, and treatment of oncology and non-oncology-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zare Harofte
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Madjid Soltani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Centre for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CBB), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Advanced Bioengineering Initiative Center, Multidisciplinary International Complex, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 14176-14411, Iran
- Cancer Biology Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 14197-33141, Iran
| | - Saeed Siavashy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 19967-15433, Iran
| | - Kaamran Raahemifar
- Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Program, College of Information Sciences and Technology (IST), Penn State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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36
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Namli I, Seyedmirzaei Sarraf S, Sheibani Aghdam A, Celebi Torabfam G, Kutlu O, Cetinel S, Ghorbani M, Koşar A. Hydrodynamic Cavitation on a Chip: A Tool to Detect Circulating Tumor Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40688-40697. [PMID: 36048001 PMCID: PMC9478945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Although various devices have been designed to detect, enumerate, and isolate CTCs from blood, some of these devices could have some drawbacks, such as the requirement of labeling, long process time, and high cost. Here, we present a microfluidic device based on the concept of "hydrodynamic cavitation-on-chip (HCOC)", which can detect CTCs in the order of minutes. The working principle relies on the difference of the required inlet pressure for cavitation inception of working fluids when they pass through the microfluidic device. The interface among the solid/floating particles, liquid, and vapor phases plays an important role in the strength of the fluid to withstand the rupture and cavitation formation. To this end, four experimental groups, including the "cell culture medium", "medium + Jurkat cells", "medium + Jurkat cells + CTCs", and "medium + CTCs", were tested as a proof of concept with two sets of fabricated microfluidic chips with the same geometrical dimensions, in which one set contained structural sidewall roughness elements. Jurkat cells were used to mimic white blood cells, and MDA-MB-231 cells were spiked into the medium as CTCs. Accordingly, the group with CTCs led to detectable earlier cavitation inception. Additionally, the effect of the CTC concentration on cavitation inception and the effect of the presence of sidewall roughness elements on the earlier inception were evaluated. Furthermore, CTC detection tests were performed with cancer cell lines spiked in blood samples from healthy donors. The results showed that this approach, HCOC, could be a potential approach to detect the presence of CTCs based on cavitation phenomenon and offer a cheap, user-friendly, and rapid tool with no requirement for any biomarker or extensive films acting as a biosensor. This approach also possesses straightforward application procedures to be employed for detection of CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Namli
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyedali Seyedmirzaei Sarraf
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Araz Sheibani Aghdam
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Celebi Torabfam
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Kutlu
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sibel Cetinel
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Morteza Ghorbani
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty
of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci
University, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Sabanci
University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of
Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano-Diagnostics
(EFSUN), Sabanci University, Orhanli, 34956 Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
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37
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Du Z, Li Y, Chen B, Wang L, Hu Y, Wang X, Zhang W, Yang X. Label-free detection and enumeration of rare circulating tumor cells by bright-field image cytometry and multi-frame image correlation analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:3390-3401. [PMID: 35708469 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Identification and enumeration of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood are proved to correlate with the progress of metastatic cancer and can provide valuable information for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. Here, we introduce a bright-field image cytometry (BFIC) technique, assisted by a multi-frame image correlation (MFIC) algorithm, as a label-free approach for tumor cell detection in peripheral blood. For this method, images of flowing cells in a wide channel were continuously recorded and cell types were determined simultaneously using a deep neural network of YOLO-V4 with an average precision (AP) of 98.63%, 99.04%, and 98.95% for cancer cell lines HT29, A549, and KYSE30, respectively. The use of the wide microfluidic channel (400 μm width) allowed for a high throughput of 50 000 cells per min without clogging. Then erroneous or missed cell classifications caused by imaging angle differences or accidental misinterpretations in single frames were corrected by the multi-frame correlation analysis. This further improved the AP to 99.40%, 99.52%, and 99.47% for HT29, A549, and KYSE30, respectively. Meanwhile, cell counting was also accomplished in this dynamic process. Moreover, our imaging cytometry method can readily detect as few as 10 tumor cells from 100 000 white blood cells and was unaffected by the EMT process. Furthermore, CTCs from 8 advanced-stage cancer clinical samples were also successfully detected, while none for 6 healthy control subjects. Although this method is implemented for CTCs, it can also be used for the detection of other rare cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqiang Du
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Hu
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Key Lab of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xiaonan Yang
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
- Key Lab of Microelectronic Devices & Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Cui M, Xiaoyu Chen, Luo X, Zhou Z, Chen Z, Zhou Z, Zhou X, Zou H, Xu T, Wang S, Yang M. Dually stimulative single-chain polymeric nano lock with dynamic ligands for sensitive detection of circulating tumor cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 217:114692. [PMID: 36150325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important markers for cancer diagnosis and monitoring. However, CTCs detection remains challenging due to their scarcity, where most of the detection methods are compromised by the loss of CTCs in pre-enrichment, and by the lack of universal antibodies for capturing different kinds of cancer cells. Herein, we report a single-chain based nano lock (SCNL) polymer incorporating dually stimulative dynamic ligands that can bind with a broad spectrum of cancer cells and CTCs overexpressing sialic acid (SA) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The high sensitivity is realized by the polymeric single chain structure and the multi-valent functional moieties, which improve the accessibility and binding stability between the target cells and the SCNL. The highly selective targeting of cancer cells is achieved by the dynamic and dually stimulative nano lock structures, which can be unlocked and functionalized upon simultaneous exposure to overexpressed SA and acidic microenvironment. We applied the SCNL to detecting cancer cells and CTCs in clinical samples, where the detection threshold of SCNL reached 4 cells/mL. Besides CTCs enumeration, the SCNL approach could also be extended to metastasis assessment through monitoring the expressing level of surface SA on cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Cui
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhiji Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhengdong Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Heng Zou
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Cellomics (Shenzhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Cellomics (Shenzhen) Limited, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Cancer Translational Research, Cancer Institute, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, China
| | - Mengsu Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, and Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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Macaraniag C, Luan Q, Zhou J, Papautsky I. Microfluidic techniques for isolation, formation, and characterization of circulating tumor cells and clusters. APL Bioeng 2022; 6:031501. [PMID: 35856010 PMCID: PMC9288269 DOI: 10.1063/5.0093806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters that are shed from the primary tumor into the bloodstream are associated with a poor prognosis, elevated metastatic potential, higher proliferation rate, and distinct molecular features compared to single CTCs. Studying CTC clusters may give us information on the differences in the genetic profiles, somatic mutations, and epigenetic changes in circulating cells compared to the primary tumor and metastatic sites. Microfluidic systems offer the means of studying CTC clusters through the ability to efficiently isolate these rare cells from the whole blood of patients in a liquid biopsy. Microfluidics can also be used to develop in vitro models of CTC clusters and make possible their characterization and analysis. Ultimately, microfluidic systems can offer the means to gather insight on the complexities of the metastatic process, the biology of cancer, and the potential for developing novel or personalized therapies. In this review, we aim to discuss the advantages and challenges of the existing microfluidic systems for working with CTC clusters. We hope that an improved understanding of the role microfluidics can play in isolation, formation, and characterization of CTC clusters, which can lead to increased sophistication of microfluidic platforms in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Macaraniag
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Qiyue Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Ian Papautsky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Szymborski TR, Czaplicka M, Nowicka AB, Trzcińska-Danielewicz J, Girstun A, Kamińska A. Dielectrophoresis-Based SERS Sensors for the Detection of Cancer Cells in Microfluidic Chips. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:681. [PMID: 36140065 PMCID: PMC9496591 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The detection of freely circulating cancer cells (CTCs) is one of the greatest challenges of modern medical diagnostics. For several years, there has been increased attention on the use of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the detection of CTCs. SERS is a non-destructive, accurate and precise technique, and the use of special SERS platforms even enables the amplification of weak signals from biological objects. In the current study, we demonstrate the unique arrangement of the SERS technique combined with the deposition of CTCs cells on the surface of the SERS platform via a dielectrophoretic effect. The appropriate frequencies of an alternating electric field and a selected shape of the electric field can result in the efficient deposition of CTCs on the SERS platform. The geometry of the microfluidic chip, the type of the cancer cells and the positive dielectrophoretic phenomenon resulted in the trapping of CTCs on the surface of the SERS platform. We presented results for two type of breast cancer cells, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, deposited from the 0.1 PBS solution. The limit of detection (LOD) is 20 cells/mL, which reflects the clinical potential and usefulness of the developed approach. We also provide a proof-of-concept for these CTCs deposited on the SERS platform from blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz R. Szymborski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Czaplicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ariadna B. Nowicka
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
- Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Trzcińska-Danielewicz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Girstun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kamińska
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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Li S, Coffinier Y, Lagadec C, Cleri F, Nishiguchi K, Fujiwara A, Fujii T, Kim SH, Clément N. Redox-labelled electrochemical aptasensors with nanosupported cancer cells. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 216:114643. [PMID: 36030742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of redox-labelled bioelectrochemical sensors from proteins to cells is not straightforward because of the cell downward force issue on the surface of the sensors. In this paper, 20-nm-thick nanopillars are introduced to overcome this issue, in a well-controlled manner. We show on both molecular dynamics simulations and experiments that suspending cells a few nanometers above an electrode surface enables redox-labelled tethered DNA aptamer probes to move freely, while remaining at an interaction distance from a target membrane protein, i. e. epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), which is typically overexpressed in cancer cells. By this nanopillar configuration, the interaction of aptamer with cancer cells is clearly observable, with 13 cells as the lower limit of detection. Nanoconfinement induced by the gap between the electrode surface and the cell membrane appears to improve the limit of detection and to lower the melting temperature of DNA aptamer hairpins, offering an additional degree of freedom to optimize molecular recognition mechanisms. This novel nanosupported electrochemical DNA cell sensor scheme including Brownian-fluctuating redox species opens new opportunities for the design of all-electrical sensors using redox-labelled probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Li
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
| | - Y Coffinier
- IEMN, CNRS UMR8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, 59652, France
| | - C Lagadec
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Centre Oscar Lambret, UMR9020 - UMR-S 1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - F Cleri
- IEMN, CNRS UMR8520, Univ. Lille Avenue Poincaré, BP 60069, Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, 59652, France
| | - K Nishiguchi
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, 243-0198, Japan
| | - A Fujiwara
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi-shi, 243-0198, Japan
| | - T Fujii
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - S-H Kim
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - N Clément
- IIS, LIMMS/CNRS-IIS IRL2820, The Univ. of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan.
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Rahmanian M, Sartipzadeh Hematabad O, Askari E, Shokati F, Bakhshi A, Moghadam S, Olfatbakhsh A, Al Sadat Hashemi E, Khorsand Ahmadi M, Morteza Naghib S, Sinha N, Tel J, Eslami Amirabadi H, den Toonder JMJ, Majidzadeh-A K. A micropillar array-based microfluidic chip for label-free separation of circulating tumor cells: The best micropillar geometry? J Adv Res 2022; 47:105-121. [PMID: 35964874 PMCID: PMC10173300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The information derived from the number and characteristics of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), is crucial to ensure appropriate cancer treatment monitoring. Currently, diverse microfluidic platforms have been developed for isolating CTCs from blood, but it remains a challenge to develop a low-cost, practical, and efficient strategy. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to isolate CTCs from the blood of cancer patients via introducing a new and efficient micropillar array-based microfluidic chip (MPA-Chip), as well as providing prognostic information and monitoring the treatment efficacy in cancer patients. METHODS We fabricated a microfluidic chip (MPA-Chip) containing arrays of micropillars with different geometries (lozenge, rectangle, circle, and triangle). We conducted numerical simulations to compare velocity and pressure profiles inside the micropillar arrays. Also, we experimentally evaluated the capture efficiency and purity of the geometries using breast and prostate cancer cell lines as well as a blood sample. Moreover, the device's performance was validated on 12 patients with breast cancer (BC) in different states. RESULTS The lozenge geometry was selected as the most effective and optimized micropillar design for CTCs isolation, providing high capture efficiency (>85 %), purity (>90 %), and viability (97 %). Furthermore, the lozenge MPA-chip was successfully validated by the detection of CTCs from 12 breast cancer (BC) patients, with non-metastatic (median number of 6 CTCs) and metastatic (median number of 25 CTCs) diseases, showing different prognoses. Also, increasing the chemotherapy period resulted in a decrease in the number of captured CTCs from 23 to 7 for the metastatic patient. The MPA-Chip size was only 0.25 cm2 and the throughput of a single chip was 0.5 ml/h, which can be increased by multiple MPA-Chips in parallel. CONCLUSION The lozenge MPA-Chip presented a novel micropillar geometry for on-chip CTC isolation, detection, and staining, and in the future, the possibilities can be extended to the culture of the CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Rahmanian
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Interdisciplinary Technologies Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Microsystems Research Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Omid Sartipzadeh Hematabad
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Interdisciplinary Technologies Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esfandyar Askari
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Interdisciplinary Technologies Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Shokati
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Interdisciplinary Technologies Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atin Bakhshi
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Interdisciplinary Technologies Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Moghadam
- Breast Diseases Group, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asiie Olfatbakhsh
- Breast Diseases Group, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmat Al Sadat Hashemi
- Breast Diseases Group, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khorsand Ahmadi
- Microsystems Research Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Seyed Morteza Naghib
- Nanotechnology Department, School of Advanced Technologies, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nidhi Sinha
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Hossein Eslami Amirabadi
- Microsystems Research Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; AZAR Innovations, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap M J den Toonder
- Microsystems Research Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands; Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands.
| | - Keivan Majidzadeh-A
- Genetics Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Senhaji N, Squalli Houssaini A, Lamrabet S, Louati S, Bennis S. Molecular and Circulating Biomarkers in Patients with Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7474. [PMID: 35806478 PMCID: PMC9267689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive malignant tumor of the central nervous system with a low survival rate. The difficulty of obtaining this tumor material represents a major limitation, making the real-time monitoring of tumor progression difficult, especially in the events of recurrence or resistance to treatment. The identification of characteristic biomarkers is indispensable for an accurate diagnosis, the rigorous follow-up of patients, and the development of new personalized treatments. Liquid biopsy, as a minimally invasive procedure, holds promise in this regard. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current literature regarding the identification of molecular and circulating glioblastoma biomarkers and the importance of their integration as a valuable tool to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Senhaji
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes 50000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Asmae Squalli Houssaini
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Salma Lamrabet
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Louati
- Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed Vth University, Rabat 10000, Morocco;
| | - Sanae Bennis
- Laboratory of Biomedical and Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dental Medicine of Fez, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30070, Morocco; (A.S.H.); (S.L.); (S.B.)
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Sankar K, Zeinali M, Nagrath S, Ramnath N. Molecular biomarkers and liquid biopsies in lung cancer. Semin Oncol 2022; 49:S0093-7754(22)00047-1. [PMID: 35820969 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy refers to the identification of tumor-derived materials in body fluids including in blood circulation. In the age of immunotherapy and targeted therapies used for the treatment of advanced malignancies, molecular analysis of the tumor is considered a crucial step to guide management. In lung cancer, the concept of liquid biopsies is particularly relevant given the invasiveness of tumor biopsies in certain locations, and the potential risks of biopsy in a patient population with significant co-morbidities. Liquid biopsies have many advantages including non-invasiveness, lower cost, potential for genomic testing, ability to monitor tumor evolution through treatment, and the ability to overcome spatial and temporal intertumoral heterogeneity. The potential clinical applications of liquid biopsy are vast and include screening, detection of minimal residual disease and/or early relapse after curative intent treatment, monitoring response to immunotherapy, and identifying mutations that might be targetable or can confer resistance. Herein, we review the potential role of circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells as forms of liquid biopsies and blood biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer. We discuss the methodologies/platforms available for each, clinical applications, and limitations/challenges in incorporation into clinical practice. We additionally review emerging forms of liquid biopsies including tumor educated platelets, circular RNA, and exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamya Sankar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mina Zeinali
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Nithya Ramnath
- Division of Medical Oncology, Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI.
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45
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Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Cole T, Zheng J, Bayinqiaoge, Guo J, Tang SY. Microfluidic flow cytometry for blood-based biomarker analysis. Analyst 2022; 147:2895-2917. [PMID: 35611964 DOI: 10.1039/d2an00283c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Flow cytometry has proven its capability for rapid and quantitative analysis of individual cells and the separation of targeted biological samples from others. The emerging microfluidics technology makes it possible to develop portable microfluidic diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications. Microfluidic flow cytometry (MFCM), where flow cytometry and microfluidics are combined to achieve similar or even superior functionalities on microfluidic chips, provides a powerful single-cell characterisation and sorting tool for various biological samples. In recent years, researchers have made great progress in the development of the MFCM including focusing, detecting, and sorting subsystems, and its unique capabilities have been demonstrated in various biological applications. Moreover, liquid biopsy using blood can provide various physiological and pathological information. Thus, biomarkers from blood are regarded as meaningful circulating transporters of signal molecules or particles and have great potential to be used as non (or minimally)-invasive diagnostic tools. In this review, we summarise the recent progress of the key subsystems for MFCM and its achievements in blood-based biomarker analysis. Finally, foresight is offered to highlight the research challenges faced by MFCM in expanding into blood-based POCT applications, potentially yielding commercialisation opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Ying Zhao
- National Chengdu Centre of Safety Evaluation of Drugs, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tim Cole
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Bayinqiaoge
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Jinhong Guo
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, #1 Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Shi-Yang Tang
- Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
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Alteration of Inertial Focusing Positions in Triangular Channels Using Flexible PDMS Microfluidics. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-022-00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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47
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Zhu Z, Li S, Wu D, Ren H, Ni C, Wang C, Xiang N, Ni Z. High-throughput and label-free enrichment of malignant tumor cells and clusters from pleural and peritoneal effusions using inertial microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2097-2106. [PMID: 35441644 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid diagnosis of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions is critical due to potential association with advanced disease stages or progression. Traditional cytodiagnosis suffers from low efficiency and has difficulties in finding malignant tumor cells (MTCs) from a mass of exfoliated cells. Hence, a polymer microfluidic chip with a slanted spiral channel was employed for high-throughput and label-free enrichment of MTCs and MTC clusters from clinical malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions. The slanted spiral channel with trapezoidal cross-sections was fabricated by assembling two patterned polymer films of different thicknesses within one flow channel layer. After systematically exploring the effects of the particle size, effusion concentration, and flow rate on separation performance of the device, we realized the enrichment of MTCs from abundant blood cells in 2-fold diluted effusions. The results indicated that approximately 85% of the spiked tumor cells (A549 and MCF-7 cell lines) were recovered with high purities of over 37% at a high throughput of 2000 μL min-1. In clinical applications, we successfully enriched 24-2691 MTCs per mL from the diluted malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions collected from four types of cancer patients (n = 22). More importantly, the MTC clusters were further purified from single MTCs using a higher flow rate of 3000 μL min-1. Finally, we performed the rapid drug sensitivity test by coupling the microfluidic enrichment with CCK-8 assay. Our approach may serve as valuable assistance to accelerate cancer diagnosis and guide the selection of treatment medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Chen Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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48
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Li C, He W, Wang N, Xi Z, Deng R, Liu X, Kang R, Xie L, Liu X. Application of Microfluidics in Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:907232. [PMID: 35646880 PMCID: PMC9133555 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.907232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is one of the main causes of cancer incidence and death worldwide. In the process of tumor metastasis, the isolation and analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients. Due to the rarity and inherent heterogeneity of CTCs, there is an urgent need for reliable CTCs separation and detection methods in order to obtain valuable information on tumor metastasis and progression from CTCs. Microfluidic technology is increasingly used in various studies of CTCs separation, identification and characterization because of its unique advantages, such as low cost, simple operation, less reagent consumption, miniaturization of the system, rapid detection and accurate control. This paper reviews the research progress of microfluidic technology in CTCs separation and detection in recent years, as well as the potential clinical application of CTCs, looks forward to the application prospect of microfluidic technology in the treatment of tumor metastasis, and briefly discusses the development prospect of microfluidic biosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Clinical Medical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhipeng Xi
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyu Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Lian J, Tang W, Yang Y, Vaidyanathan R, Gonçales VR, Arman SY, Tilley RD, Gooding JJ. A Transparent Semiconducting Surface for Capturing and Releasing Single Cells from a Complex Cell Mixture. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:18079-18086. [PMID: 35385656 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Selective isolation of individual target cells from a heterogeneous population is technically challenging; however, the ability to retrieve single cells can have high significance in various aspects of biological research. Here, we present a new photoelectrochemical surface based on a transparent electrode that is compatible with high-resolution fluorescence microscopy for isolating individual rare cells from complex biological samples. This is underpinned by two important factors: (i) careful design of the electrode by patterning discrete Au disks of micron dimension on amorphous silicon-indium tin oxide films and (ii) orthogonal surface chemistry, which modifies the patterned electrode with self-assembly layers of different functionalities, to selectively capture target cells on the Au disks and resist cell binding to the amorphous silicon surface. The co-stimulation of the surface using light from a microscope and an electric potential triggers the reductive desorption of the alkanethiol monolayer from the Au disks to release the single cells of interest from the illuminated regions only. Using circulating tumor cells as a model, we demonstrate the capture of cancer cells on an antibody-coated surface and selective release of single cancer cells with low expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Lian
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Wenxian Tang
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Ramanathan Vaidyanathan
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Vinicius R Gonçales
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Seyed Yousef Arman
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Richard D Tilley
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Electron Microscope Unit, Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - J Justin Gooding
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australia Centre for NanoMedicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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50
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Chen CJ, Kao MH, Alvarado NAS, Ye YM, Tseng HY. Microfluidic Determination of Distinct Membrane Transport Properties between Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells CL1-0 and CL1-5. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040199. [PMID: 35448259 PMCID: PMC9030283 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The cell membrane permeability of a cell type to water (Lp) and cryoprotective agents (Ps), is the key factor that determines the optimal cooling and mass transportation during cryopreservation. The human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, CL1, has been widely used to study the invasive capabilities or drug resistance of lung cancer cells. Therefore, providing accurate databases of the mass transport properties of this specific cell line can be crucial for facilitating either flexible and optimal preservation, or supply. In this study, utilizing our previously proposed noncontact-based micro-vortex system, we focused on comparing the permeability phenomenon between CL1-0 and its more invasive subline, CL1-5, under several different ambient temperatures. Through the assay procedure, the cells of favor were virtually trapped in a hydrodynamic circulation to provide direct inspection using a high-speed camera, and the images were then processed to achieve the observation of a cell’s volume change with respect to time, and in turn, the permeability. Based on the noncontact nature of our system, we were able to manifest more accurate results than their contact-based counterparts, excluding errors involved in estimating the cell geometry. As the results in this experiment showed, the transport phenomena in the CL1-0 and CL1-5 cell lines are mainly composed of simple diffusion through the lipid bilayer, except for the case where CL1-5 were suspended in the cryoprotective agent (CPA) solution, which also demonstrated higher Ps values. The deviated behavior of CL1-5 might be a consequence of the altered expression of aquaporins and the coupling of a cryoprotective agent and water, and has given a vision on possible studies over these properties, and their potential relationship to invasiveness and metastatic stability of the CL1 cell line.
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