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Li G, Yu X, Zhang R, Ouyang Q, Sun R, Cao L, Zhu P. Facile Preparation of Monodisperse Cu@Ag Core-Shell Nanoparticles for Conductive Ink in Printing Electronics. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1318. [PMID: 37512629 PMCID: PMC10383072 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Copper-based nanoinks are emerging as promising low-cost alternatives to widely used silver nanoinks in electronic printing. However, the spontaneous oxidation of copper under ambient conditions poses significant challenges to its broader application. To address this issue, this paper presents an economical, large-scale, and environmentally friendly method for fabricating Cu@Ag nanoparticles (Cu@Ag NPs). The as-prepared nanoparticles exhibit a narrow size distribution of approximately 100 nm and can withstand ambient exposure for at least 60 days without significant oxidation. The Cu@Ag-based ink, with a 60 wt% loading, was screen-printed onto a flexible polyimide substrate and subsequently heat-treated at 290 °C for 15 minutes under a nitrogen atmosphere. The sintered pattern displayed a low electrical resistivity of 25.5 μΩ·cm (approximately 15 times the resistivity of bulk copper) along with excellent reliability and mechanical fatigue strength. The innovative Cu@Ag NPs fabrication method holds considerable potential for advancing large-scale applications of copper-based inks in flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- System Packaging and Integration Research Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuecheng Yu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qionglin Ouyang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liqiang Cao
- System Packaging and Integration Research Center, Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Yu K, He T. Silver-Nanowire-Based Elastic Conductors: Preparation Processes and Substrate Adhesion. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061545. [PMID: 36987325 PMCID: PMC10058989 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of flexible electronic systems includes stretchable electrical interconnections and flexible electronic components, promoting the research and development of flexible conductors and stretchable conductive materials with large bending deformation or torsion resistance. Silver nanowires have the advantages of high conductivity, good transparency and flexibility in the development of flexible electronic products. In order to further prepare system-level flexible systems (such as autonomous full-software robots, etc.), it is necessary to focus on the conductivity of the system's composite conductor and the robustness of the system at the physical level. In terms of conductor preparation processes and substrate adhesion strategies, the more commonly used solutions are selected. Four kinds of elastic preparation processes (pretensioned/geometrically topological matrix, conductive fiber, aerogel composite, mixed percolation dopant) and five kinds of processes (coating, embedding, changing surface energy, chemical bond and force, adjusting tension and diffusion) to enhance the adhesion of composite conductors using silver nanowires as current-carrying channel substrates were reviewed. It is recommended to use the preparation process of mixed percolation doping and the adhesion mode of embedding/chemical bonding under non-special conditions. Developments in 3D printing and soft robots are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tian He
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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3
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Yoon H, Matteini P, Hwang B. Effect of the Blade-Coating Conditions on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Transparent Ag Nanowire Electrodes. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:114. [PMID: 36677175 PMCID: PMC9862827 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the coating conditions for a doctor blading system is important when seeking to improve the performance of Ag nanowire electrodes. In this study, the effect of the blading height and speed on the optical and electrical properties of Ag nanowire electrodes was investigated. Ag nanowires were first spread on a PET substrate using a doctor blade with differing heights at a fixed blading speed. An increase in the blading height resulted in the degradation of the optical transmittance and stronger haze due to the higher probability of Ag nanowire agglomeration arising from the greater wet thickness. When the blading speed was varied, the optical transmittance and haze were unaffected up until 20 mm/s, followed by minor degradation of the optical properties at blading speeds over 25 mm/s. The higher speeds hindered the spread of the Ag nanowire solution, which also increased the probability of Ag nanowire agglomeration. However, this degradation was less serious compared to that observed with a change in the blading height. Therefore, optimizing the blading height was confirmed to be the priority for the production of high-performance transparent Ag nanowire electrodes. Our study thus provides practical guidance for the fabrication of Ag nanowire electrodes using doctor blading systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsub Yoon
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Paolo Matteini
- Institute of Applied Physics “Nello Carrara”, National Research Council, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Byungil Hwang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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Ding S, Zhang S, Yin T, Zhang H, Wang C, Wang Y, Li Q, Zhou N, Su F, Jiang Z, Tan D, Yang R. Room-temperature nanojoining of silver nanowires by graphene oxide for highly conductive flexible transparent electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:045201. [PMID: 36265462 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac9c09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flexible transparent electrodes for touch panels, solar cells, and wearable electronics are in great demand in recent years, and the silver nanowire (AgNW) flexible transparent electrode (FTE) is among the top candidates due to its excellent light transmittance and flexibility and the highest conductivity of silver among all metals. However, the conductivity of an AgNWs network has long been limited by the large contact resistance. Here we show a room-temperature solution process to tackle the challenge by nanojoining AgNWs with two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO). The conductivity of the AgNWs network is improved 18 times due to the enhanced junctions between AgNWs by the coated GOs, and the AgNW-GO FTE exhibits a low sheet resistance of 23 Ohm sq-1and 88% light transmittance. It is stable under high temperature and current and their flexibility is intact after 1000 cycles of bending. Measurements of a bifunctional electrochromic device shows the high performance of the AgNW-GO FTE as a FTE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Shucheng Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Yin
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Qikun Li
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Zhou
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengyu Su
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore
| | - Dan Tan
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, People's Republic of China
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Basarir F, De S, Daghigh Shirazi H, Vapaavuori J. Ultra-long silver nanowires prepared via hydrothermal synthesis enable efficient transparent heaters. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:4410-4417. [PMID: 36321145 PMCID: PMC9552902 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00560c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultra-long silver nanowires (AgNWs) with an aspect ratio of >2000 were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. The influence of reaction time (4-32 h), reaction temperature (150-180 °C), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) molecular weight (10 000-1 300 000 g mol-1), PVP concentration (50-125 mM), glucose concentration (5.6-22.4 mM) and CuCl2 concentration (2-20 μM) on the AgNW length was investigated systematically. The optimum conditions provided nanowires with an average diameter of 207 nm, an average length of 234 μm and a maximum length of 397 μm. Finally, a AgNW electrode was prepared on a glass substrate and used in transparent heater application. The transparent heater enabled outstanding heat-generating properties, reaching >200 °C within 70 s with an applied voltage of 5 V. Our results demonstrate how increasing the aspect ratio of ultra-long AgNWs is beneficial for both optical and electronic applications in terms of increased transmission and a more efficient Joule effect in the heater application. In addition, our results show that AgNWs with different lengths can be simply obtained by tuning synthesis parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzihan Basarir
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Swarnalok De
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Hamidreza Daghigh Shirazi
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Jaana Vapaavuori
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University P.O. Box 16100 FI-00076 Aalto Finland
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6
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Yang Y, Duan S, Zhao H. Advances in constructing silver nanowire-based conductive pathways for flexible and stretchable electronics. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11484-11511. [PMID: 35912705 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02475f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
With their soaring technological demand, flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted many researchers' attention for a variety of applications. The challenge which was identified a decade ago and still remains, however, is that the conventional electrodes based on indium tin oxide (ITO) are not suitable for ultra-flexible electronic devices. The main reason is that ITO is brittle and expensive, limiting device performance and application. Thus, it is crucial to develop new materials and processes to construct flexible and stretchable electrodes with superior quality for next-generation soft devices. Herein, various types of conductive nanomaterials as candidates for flexible and stretchable electrodes are briefly reviewed. Among them, silver nanowire (AgNW) is selected as the focus of this review, on account of its excellent conductivity, superior flexibility, high technological maturity, and significant presence in the research community. To fabricate a reliable AgNW-based conductive network for electrodes, different processing technologies are introduced, and the corresponding characteristics are compared and discussed. Furthermore, this review summarizes strategies and the latest progress in enhancing the conductive pathway. Finally, we showcase some exemplary applications and provide some perspectives about the remaining technical challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhang Yang
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
| | - Shun Duan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, BioTech One, 800 East Leigh Street, Richmond, VA 23219, USA.
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Ko P, Seok JY, Kim H, Kwon S, Jeong S, Youn H, Woo K. Flashlight-Induced Strong Self-Adhesive Surface on a Nanowire-Impregnated Transparent Conductive Film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:40062-40069. [PMID: 34379391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The flashlight annealing process has been widely used in the field of flexible and printed electronics because it can instantly induce chemical and structural modifications over a large area on an electronic functional layer in a subsecond time range. In this study, for the first time, we explored a straightforward method to develop strong self-adhesion on a metal nanowire-based flexible and transparent conductive film via flashlight irradiation. Nanowire interlocking, for strong mechanical bonding at the interface between the nanowires and polyamide film, was achieved by simple hot pressing. Then, by irradiating the nanowire-impregnated film with a flashlight, several events such as interdiffusion and melting of surface polymers could be induced along with morphological changes leading to an increase in the film surface area. As a result, the surface of the fabricated film exhibited strong interfacial interactions while forming intimate contact with the heterogeneous surfaces of other objects, thereby becoming strongly self-adhesive. This readily achievable, self-attachable, flexible, and transparent electrode allowed the self-interconnection of a light-emitting diode chip, and it was also compatible for various applications, such as defogging windows and transparent organic light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pyeongsam Ko
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Dongseodaero 125, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Seok
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuntae Kim
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Kwon
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Jeong
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongseok Youn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hanbat National University, Dongseodaero 125, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohee Woo
- Nano-Convergence Manufacturing Systems Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), Daejeon 34103, Republic of Korea
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8
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Shin JW, Lim HR, Cho HB, Kwon YT, Choa YH. Segregation-controlled self-assembly of silver nanowire networks using a template-free solution-based process. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:8442-8451. [PMID: 33908426 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08762a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Metal conductive patterning has been studied as an alternative to the most commonly used indium tin oxide electrodes. Printed electrodes are fabricated by several complicated processes including etching, photolithography, and laser- and template-based techniques. However, these patterning methods have increasingly encountered critical issues of long manufacturing times and high equipment costs that necessitate vacuum and high-temperature conditions. In this study, we present a template-free solution-based patterning method for the fabrication of transparent electronics by inducing segregation-based networks of silver nanowires (SGAgNWs); this is a potential method to fabricate cost effective and scalable optoelectronics. Micro-dimensional fine-patterned segregated networks with conductive cells are created by the self-assembly of one-dimensional nanomaterials under optimal ink conditions wherein different types of solvents and aspect ratios of silver nanowires (AgNWs) are formulated. Photoelectric properties can be controlled by adjusting the size of the cell, which is an empty domain surrounded by the AgNW assembly with microscale cell-to-cell distance dimensions ranging between 4 to 345 μm. The as-obtained AgNW metal grid-formulated on a polyethylene terephthalate film-was identified as a high-performance transparent electrode (TE) device with excellent optoelectronic properties of 87.08% transmittance and 50 Ω □-1 resistance. In addition, the electrical conductivity of the TE film is enhanced with a very low haze of less than 4% because of the intense pulsed light treatment that diminished the sheet resistance to 21.36 Ω □-1, which is attributed to the creation of welded silver networks. The SGAgNW concept for TE technology demonstrates a very promising potential for use in next-generation flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Shin
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Hyo-Ryoung Lim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Hong-Baek Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Young-Tae Kwon
- Metal Powder Department, Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ho Choa
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
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Recycling silver nanoparticle debris from laser ablation of silver nanowire in liquid media toward minimum material waste. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2262. [PMID: 33500481 PMCID: PMC7838405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As silver nanowires (Ag NWs) are usually manufactured by chemical synthesis, a patterning process is needed to use them as functional devices. Pulsed laser ablation is a promising Ag NW patterning process because it is a simple and inexpensive procedure. However, this process has a disadvantage in that target materials are wasted owing to the subtractive nature of the process involving the removal of unnecessary materials, and large quantities of raw materials are required. In this study, we report a minimum-waste laser patterning process utilizing silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) debris obtained through laser ablation of Ag NWs in liquid media. Since the generated Ag NPs can be used for several applications, wastage of Ag NWs, which is inevitable in conventional laser patterning processes, is dramatically reduced. In addition, electrophoretic deposition of the recycled Ag NPs onto non-ablated Ag NWs allows easy fabrication of junction-enhanced Ag NWs from the deposited Ag NPs. The unique advantage of this method lies in using recycled Ag NPs as building materials, eliminating the additional cost of junction welding Ag NWs. These fabricated Ag NW substrates could be utilized as transparent heaters and stretchable TCEs, thereby validating the effectiveness of the proposed process.
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Zeng Z, Li W, Wu N, Zhao S, Lu X. Polymer-Assisted Fabrication of Silver Nanowire Cellular Monoliths: Toward Hydrophobic and Ultraflexible High-Performance Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:38584-38592. [PMID: 32804478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanofibers with excellent electrical conductivity and superior mechanical flexibility have great potentials for fabrication of lightweight, flexible, and high-performance electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding architectures. The weak interactions and large contact resistance among the wires, however, hinder their assembly into robust and high-performance EMI shielding monoliths. In this work, we used low fractions of polymers to assist the construction of lightweight, flexible, and highly conductive silver nanowire (AgNW) cellular monoliths with significantly enhanced mechanical strength and EMI shielding effectiveness (SE). The normalized surface specific SE of our AgNW-based cellular monoliths can reach up to 20522 dB·cm2/g, outracing that of most shielding materials ever reported. Moreover, this robust conductive framework enabled the successful fabrication of hydrophobic, ultraflexible, and highly stretchable aerogel/polymer composites with outstanding EMI SE even at an extremely low AgNW content. Thus, this work demonstrated a facile and efficient strategy for assembling metal nanofiber-based functional high-performance EMI shielding architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Weiwei Li
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zürich), 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Xuehong Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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11
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Villalpando M, Saavedra-Molina A, Rosas G. A facile synthesis of silver nanowires and their evaluation in the mitochondrial membrane potential. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:110973. [PMID: 32994023 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a high-aspect-ratio were successfully synthesized by a green method using Lavandula angustifolia plant extract. The morphology of the AgNWs was evaluated as a function of the concentration of precursor salt and nucleating agent. Furthermore, AgNWs were analyzed in a biological model using rat liver mitochondria by measuring their effect on membrane potential. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques structurally characterized the nanowires obtained. Also, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) investigated the optical properties of AgNWs. Structural studies show AgNWs fcc with lengths up to 100 μm and diameters ranging from 60 to 130 nm growing in the [110] orientation. Both the CuSO4 nucleating agent and the centrifugation process are essential for the growth of nanowires. Furthermore, inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depends on the concentration of the nanowires (NWs), suggesting dissipation of the electron transport chain. In this way, AgNWs can be used as a potential tool to verify biological reactions, such as modulation of metabolic pathways, together with the evaluation of a possible influence of biotic or abiotic factors in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Villalpando
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Metalurgia y Materiales, UMSNH, edificio U., Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58000 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - Alfredo Saavedra-Molina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químico Biológicas, UMSNH, edificio B-3, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58000 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
| | - G Rosas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Metalurgia y Materiales, UMSNH, edificio U., Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 58000 Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico.
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12
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Structural, morphological, optical and sensing properties of SnSe and SnSe2 thin films as a gas sensing material. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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13
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Park K, Woo K, Kim J, Lee D, Ahn Y, Song D, Kim H, Oh D, Kwon S, Lee Y. High-Resolution and Large-Area Patterning of Highly Conductive Silver Nanowire Electrodes by Reverse Offset Printing and Intense Pulsed Light Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:14882-14891. [PMID: 30919616 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional printing technologies such as inkjet, screen, and gravure printing have been used to fabricate patterns of silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) for a variety of electronic devices. However, they have critical limitations in achieving micrometer-scale fine line width, uniform thickness, sharp line edge, and pattering of various shapes. Moreover, the optical and electrical properties of printed AgNW patterns do not satisfy the performance required by flexible integrated electronic devices. Here, we report a high-resolution and large-area patterning of highly conductive AgNW TCEs by reverse offset printing and intense pulsed light (IPL) irradiation for flexible integrated electronic devices. A conductive AgNW ink for reverse offset printing is prepared by carefully adjusting the composition of AgNW content, solvents, surface energy modifiers, and organic binders for the first time. High-quality and high-resolution AgNW micropatterns with various shapes and line widths are successfully achieved on a large-area plastic substrate (120 × 100 mm2) by optimizing the process parameters of reverse offset printing. The reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns exhibit superior fine line widths (up to 6 μm) and excellent pattern quality such as sharp line edge, fine line spacing, effective wire junction connection, and smooth film roughness. They are post-processed with IPL irradiation, thereby realizing excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Furthermore, flexible OLEDs and heaters based on reverse offset printed AgNW micropatterns are successfully fabricated and characterized, demonstrating the potential use of the reverse offset printing for the conductive AgNW ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyutae Park
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoohee Woo
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwa Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Ahn
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongha Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Honggi Kim
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
| | - Dongho Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Chungnam National University , 99 Daehak-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34134 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sin Kwon
- Advanced Manufacturing Systems Research Division , Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) , 156 Gajeongbuk-ro , Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34103 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering , Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) , 333 Techno Jungang-daero , Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988 , Republic of Korea
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14
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Kumar D, Stoichkov V, Brousseau E, Smith GC, Kettle J. High performing AgNW transparent conducting electrodes with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω Sq -1 based upon a roll-to-roll compatible post-processing technique. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:5760-5769. [PMID: 30775736 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07974a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A report of transparent and conducting silver nanowires (AgNWs) that produce remarkable electrical performance, surface planarity and environmental stability is given. This research presents an innovative process that relies on three sequential steps, which are roll-to-roll (R2R) compatible: thermal embossing, infrared sintering and plasma treatment. This process leads to the demonstration of a conductive film with a sheet resistance of 2.5 Ω sq-1 and high transmittance, thus demonstrating the highest reported figure-of-merit in AgNWs to date (FoM = 933). A further benefit of the process is that the surface roughness is substantially reduced compared to traditional AgNW processing techniques. The consideration of the long-term stability is given by developing an accelerated life test process that simultaneously stresses the applied bias and temperature. Regression line fitting shows that a ∼150-times improvement in stability is achieved under 'normal operational conditions' when compared to traditionally deposited AgNW films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to understand the root cause of the improvement in long-term stability, which is related to reduced chemical changes in the AgNWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kumar
- School of Electronics, Bangor University, Dean St, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 1UT, Wales, UK.
| | - V Stoichkov
- School of Electronics, Bangor University, Dean St, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 1UT, Wales, UK.
| | - E Brousseau
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Chester, Thornton Science Park, Chester CH2 4NU, UK
| | - G C Smith
- Institute of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Cardiff School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's buildings, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - J Kettle
- School of Electronics, Bangor University, Dean St, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 1UT, Wales, UK.
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15
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Ding X, Cao H, Sun S, Li M, Liu H. Highly conductive and stretchable film fabricated by efficient transfer of silver nanowires. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008319826332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Wearable devices have become an important development direction for future consumer electronics, and films with conductivity, stretchability, and transparency are crucial for achieving wearability. In this article, silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a certain aspect ratio and Al2O3-polyethylene terephthalate films with specific size pit structures were prepared. Uniform coating of the AgNW layer and polydimethylsiloxane transfer were successfully realized. The surface resistance of the final obtained film was 14 Ω/sq with a light transmittance of 50.57%. During repeated deformations, the film conductivity was not significantly reduced, and excellent electrical conductivity was maintained. A relatively complicated flexible AgNW circuit was prepared by adding a patterned mask in the scrape-coating step. This is a low-cost method and can be used to form large films. The final product has excellent conductivity and some transparency and can provide new research directions for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Ding
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hailin Cao
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Sun
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, China
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16
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Dexter M, Pfau A, Gao Z, Herman GS, Chang CH, Malhotra R. Modeling nanoscale temperature gradients and conductivity evolution in pulsed light sintering of silver nanowire networks. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:505205. [PMID: 30240361 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aae368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sintering of metal nanowire (NW) networks on transparent polymers is an emerging approach for fabricating transparent conductive electrodes used in multiple devices. Pulsed light sintering is a scalable sintering process in which large-area, broad-spectrum xenon lamp light causes rapid NW fusion to increase network conductivity, while embedding the NWs in the polymer to increase mechanical robustness. This paper develops a multiphysical approach for predicting evolution of conductivity, NW fusion and nanoscale temperature gradients on the substrate during pulsed light sintering of silver NWs on polycarbonate. Model predictions are successfully validated against experimentally measured temperature and electrical resistance evolution. New insight is obtained into the diameter-dependent kinetics of NW fusion and nanoscale temperature gradients on the substrate, which are difficult to obtain experimentally. These observations also lead to the understanding that NW embedding in intense pulsed light sintering (IPL) can occur below the glass transition temperature of the polymer, and to a new differential thermal expansion-based mechanism of NW embedding during IPL. These insights, and the developed model, create a framework for physics-guided choice of NWs, substrate and process parameters to control conductivity and prevent substrate damage during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dexter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
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17
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Wang J, Jiu J, Zhang S, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Suganuma K, He P. The comprehensive effects of visible light irradiation on silver nanowire transparent electrode. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:435701. [PMID: 30047924 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrode is one of the promising components for flexible electronics due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity, optical transparency and flexibility. However, the application of the AgNW electrode with an improved performance is generally limited by its poor long-term stability. As the name suggests, the transparent electrode is usually exposed to visible light in various applications. Unlike other electrode materials, AgNWs show unique and complicated behavior under long-term visible light illumination. In this study, the comprehensive effect of visible light irradiation on the AgNW transparent electrode is initially investigated in detail. Light irradiation induces the migration of silver to enhance the nanowire contacts while also leading to the generation and growth of particles and diameter loss in the nanowire. Light irradiation accelerates the sulfidation and oxidation of the AgNWs as well, resulting in the emergence of degradation products on the nanowire surface. All these effects influence the sheet resistance of the AgNW electrode during light illumination. The light-induced change of sheet resistance also relates to the nanowire concentration due to the sensitivity of the wire-wire contact resistance near the percolation threshold. It is believed that this work will be a valuable reference for the design, processing and application of transparent electrodes used in numerous optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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18
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Zhou KL, Han CB, Li CF, Jiu J, Yang Y, Li L, Wang H, Liu JB, Liu ZQ, Yan H, Suganuma K. Highly Stable Transparent Conductive Electrodes Based on Silver-Platinum Alloy-Walled Hollow Nanowires for Optoelectronic Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:36128-36135. [PMID: 30256082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In industrial manufacturing, alloying can contribute to the passivation of active metals and markedly improve their corrosion resistance. This inspires us to solve the current critical problem of Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) that have poor stability against chemical and electrochemical corrosion. These problems have seriously limited the applications of Ag NWs in optoelectronic devices where they are used for transparent conductive electrodes. Here, a kind of transparent conductive electrode based on Ag@Pt alloy-walled hollow nanowires (Ag@Pt AHNWs) is successfully fabricated by introducing 12 mol % Pt into long Ag NWs to form Ag@Pt alloy. The as-synthesized electrodes exhibit better optical transmittance (82% at the wavelength of 550 nm) under high electrical conductivity (28.73 Ω/sq-1), high thermal stability up to 400 °C for 11 h, and remarkable mechanical flexibility (remaining stable after 5000 cycles bending), as well as high resistance against chemical and electrochemical corrosion. The Ag@Pt AHNWs electrodes are further applied in a primary bifunctional polyaniline electrochemical device, and the device shows promising flexibility, noticeable multicolor performances, and high specific capacitance because of the remarkable mechanical flexibility and electrochemical stability of Ag@Pt AHNWs. This work will provide an optional approach for the preparation of other metal nanomaterial electrodes with high stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Bao Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Cai Fu Li
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
| | - Yang Yang
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , P.O. Box 999, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Ling Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Bing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Quan Liu
- Institute of Metal Research , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenyang , Liaoning 110016 , China
| | - Hui Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Technology , Beijing 100124 , People's Republic of China
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research , Osaka University , Mihogaoka 8-1 , Ibaraki , Osaka 567-0047 , Japan
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19
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Lee DJ, Oh Y, Hong JM, Park YW, Ju BK. Light sintering of ultra-smooth and robust silver nanowire networks embedded in poly(vinyl-butyral) for flexible OLED. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14170. [PMID: 30242190 PMCID: PMC6155039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A conductive, uniform, and ultra-smooth flexible transparent composite film is produced by embedding silver nanowires (AgNWs) into poly(vinyl-butyral) (PVB) without pressure or high-temperature annealing. The adhesion of AgNWs was greatly improved by embedding them in PVB, and surface roughness and sheet resistance (Rs) improvements were achieved through the use of the intense pulsed light (IPL) method, which welds the interconnections among AgNWs in a short time without heat or pressure treatment. The sheet resistance of PVB/AgNWs with the IPL(PAI) composite film reaches 12.6 ohm/sq with a transmittance of 85.7% (at 550 nm); no clear changes in the sheet resistance are observed after a substrate bending and tape test, suggesting excellent flexibility. In the case of PAI, the change in sheet resistance was only 2.6% after a 2,000-bend test, and the resulting bending radius was less than 1 mm. When IPL was exposed to PVB/AgNWs, the figure of merit was 2.36 times higher than that without exposure. Finally, flexible OLEDs using PAI exhibited comparable or higher electroluminescent characteristics than other devices with well-known flexible electrodes-including indium-zinc-oxide on polymer plastic-which is a promising discovery for flexible optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jun Lee
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Oh
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Hong
- Institute of Advanced Composite Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Wook Park
- School of Mechanical and ICT Convergence Engineering, SUN MOON University, Chungcheongnam-do, 31460, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Xie H, Yang X, Du D, Zhao Y, Wang Y. Flexible Transparent Conductive Film Based on Random Networks of Silver Nanowires. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E295. [PMID: 30424228 PMCID: PMC6187231 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We synthesized silver nanowires (AgNWs) with a mean diameter of about 120 nm and 20⁻70 μm in length using a polyol process. The flexible transparent conductive AgNWs films were prepared using the vacuum filtration-transferring process, in which random AgNWs networks were transferred to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate after being deposited on mixed cellulose esters (MCEs). Furthermore, the photoelectric and mechanical properties of the AgNWs films were studied. The scanning electron microscopy images show that the AgNWs randomly, uniformly distribute on the surface of the PET substrate, which indicates that the AgNWs structure was preserved well after the transfer process. The film with 81% transmittance at 550 nm and sheet resistance about 130 Ω·sq-1 can be obtained. It is sufficient to be used as a flexible transparent conductive film. However, the results of the bending test and tape test show that the adhesion of AgNWs and PET substrate is poor, because the sheet resistance of film increases during the bending test and tape test. The 0.06 W LED lamp with a series fixed on the surface of the AgNWs-PET electrode with conductive adhesive was luminous, and it was still luminous after bent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Dexi Du
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Microelectronics and Solid-State Electronics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China.
| | - Yuzhen Zhao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan 528402, China.
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21
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Haji Abdolvahab R, Zamani Meymian MR. Theoretical and experimental analyses of the deposited silver thin films. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Ding S, Tian Y, Jiu J, Suganuma K. Highly conductive and transparent copper nanowire electrodes on surface coated flexible and heat-sensitive substrates. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2109-2115. [PMID: 35542590 PMCID: PMC9077247 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12738c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper nanowire (CuNW) based flexible transparent electrodes have been extensively investigated due to their outstanding performances and low price. However, commonly used methods for processing CuNW transparent electrodes such as thermal annealing and photonic sintering inevitably damage the flexible substrates leading to low transmittance. Herein, a surface coating layer was demonstrated to protect the heat-sensitive polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer from being destroyed by the instantaneous high temperature during the photonic sintering process. The stable ceramic surface coating layer avoided the direct exposure of PET to intense light, further reduced the heat releasing to the bottom part of the PET, protecting the flexible PET base from destruction and ensuring high transparency for the CuNW transparent electrodes. A CuNW transparent electrode on surface coated PET (C-PET) substrates with a sheet resistance of 33 Ohm sq−1 and high transmittance of 82% has been successfully fabricated by the photonic sintering method using light intensity of 557 mJ cm−2 within several seconds in ambient conditions. The surface coating layers open a novel method to optimize the rapid photonic sintering technique for processing metal nanomaterials on heat-sensitive substrates. The optoelectrical property of CuNW transparent electrodes on C-PET substrates was superior to that on N-PET because the surface coatings protected the destruction of PET polymer by the high-energy light during the photonic sintering process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
- College of Materials and Environmental Engineering
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Osaka 5650871
- Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Osaka 5650871
- Japan
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23
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Bai S, Wang H, Yang H, Zhang H, Chen T, Guo X. Fused silver nanowires with silica sol nanoparticles for smooth, flexible, electrically conductive and highly stable transparent electrodes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:13466-13473. [PMID: 35542527 PMCID: PMC9079824 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AgNWs-silica nanoparticles composite TCE with smooth surface and superior opto-electrical properties has been manufactured via AgNW-silica sol composite ink coating on PET through Mayer rod method, which is a promising alternative to ITO films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengchi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - He Zhang
- Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Tianrui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Xingzhong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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24
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Lonne Q, Endrino J, Huang Z. UV Treatment of Flexible Copper Nanowire Mesh Films for Transparent Conductor Applications. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:577. [PMID: 29086156 PMCID: PMC5662519 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2343-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowires have the potential to reach and even exceed the indium tin oxide performances as flexible transparent conductive electrodes. However, for a large-scale production, they need to be fabricated in a high-speed, low-cost way, without degrading the flexible substrate. One of the major bottlenecks resides in the post-treatment used to remove organic residues from the surface of the nanowires after forming the transparent electrode, which is necessary to obtain high optoelectronic performances. Here, we propose an ultra-violet irradiation and a subsequent acetic acid bath as an easy, scalable, fast post-treatment. After only 2 min of ultra-violet treatment, followed by 10 min of acid bath, an Rs of 42 Ω sq-1 and a T 550 nm of 87% were measured. Besides, copper nanowire electrodes maintained their high transparency in the range 750-2500 nm, which makes them good candidates for applications such as infrared solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Lonne
- Surface Engineering & Nanotechnology Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL UK
| | - Jose Endrino
- Surface Engineering & Nanotechnology Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL UK
| | - Zhaorong Huang
- Surface Engineering & Nanotechnology Institute, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL UK
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25
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Sygletou M, Petridis C, Kymakis E, Stratakis E. Advanced Photonic Processes for Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1700335. [PMID: 28837745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201700335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solar-energy harvesting through photovoltaic (PV) conversion is the most promising technology for long-term renewable energy production. At the same time, significant progress has been made in the development of energy-storage (ES) systems, which are essential components within the cycle of energy generation, transmission, and usage. Toward commercial applications, the enhancement of the performance and competitiveness of PV and ES systems requires the adoption of precise, but simple and low-cost manufacturing solutions, compatible with large-scale and high-throughput production lines. Photonic processes enable cost-efficient, noncontact, highly precise, and selective engineering of materials via photothermal, photochemical, or photophysical routes. Laser-based processes, in particular, provide access to a plethora of processing parameters that can be tuned with a remarkably high degree of precision to enable innovative processing routes that cannot be attained by conventional approaches. The focus here is on the application of advanced light-driven approaches for the fabrication, as well as the synthesis, of materials and components relevant to PV and ES systems. Besides presenting recent advances on recent achievements, the existing limitations are outlined and future possibilities and emerging prospects discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sygletou
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Constantinos Petridis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics & Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, Heraklion, 71004, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Kymakis
- Center of Materials Technology and Photonics & Electrical Engineering Department, School of Applied Technology, Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Crete, Heraklion, 71004, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanuel Stratakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas, Heraklion, 71110, Crete, Greece
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71003, Greece
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26
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Fukuda K, Someya T. Recent Progress in the Development of Printed Thin-Film Transistors and Circuits with High-Resolution Printing Technology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1602736. [PMID: 27892647 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201602736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Printed electronics enable the fabrication of large-scale, low-cost electronic devices and systems, and thus offer significant possibilities in terms of developing new electronics/optics applications in various fields. Almost all electronic applications require information processing using logic circuits. Hence, realizing the high-speed operation of logic circuits is also important for printed devices. This report summarizes recent progress in the development of printed thin-film transistors (TFTs) and integrated circuits in terms of materials, printing technologies, and applications. The first part of this report gives an overview of the development of functional inks such as semiconductors, electrodes, and dielectrics. The second part discusses high-resolution printing technologies and strategies to enable high-resolution patterning. The main focus of this report is on obtaining printed electrodes with high-resolution patterning and the electrical performance of printed TFTs using such printed electrodes. In the final part, some applications of printed electronics are introduced to exemplify their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Thin-film Device Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN Thin-film Device Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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27
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Kim D, Fu Y, Kim S, Lee W, Lee KH, Chung HK, Lee HJ, Yang H, Chae H. Polyethylenimine Ethoxylated-Mediated All-Solution-Processed High-Performance Flexible Inverted Quantum Dot-Light-Emitting Device. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1982-1990. [PMID: 28187259 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b08142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-solution-processed fabrication of highly efficient green quantum dot-light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with an inverted architecture, where an interfacial polymeric surface modifier of polyethylenimine ethoxylated (PEIE) is inserted between a quantum dot (QD) emitting layer (EML) and a hole transport layer (HTL), and a MoOx hole injection layer is solution deposited on top of the HTL. Among the inverted QLEDs with varied PEIE thicknesses, the device with an optimal PEIE thickness of 15.5 nm shows record maximum efficiency values of 65.3 cd/A in current efficiency and 15.6% in external quantum efficiency (EQE). All-solution-processed fabrication of inverted QLED is further implemented on a flexible platform by developing a high-performing transparent conducting composite film of ZnO nanoparticles-overcoated on Ag nanowires. The resulting flexible inverted device possesses 35.1 cd/A in current efficiency and 8.4% in EQE, which are also the highest efficiency values ever reported in flexible QLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ki-Heon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University , Seoul 121-791, Korea
| | | | | | - Heesun Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University , Seoul 121-791, Korea
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Jin Y, Wang K, Cheng Y, Pei Q, Xu Y, Xiao F. Removable Large-Area Ultrasmooth Silver Nanowire Transparent Composite Electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:4733-4741. [PMID: 28092153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b15025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a composite silver nanowire (AgNW) transparent electrode that is large-area ultrasmooth without conductivity or transmittance scarifice, removable but with good resistance to both water and organic solvent, is reported. Via a simple low-temperature solution process without complicated transfer steps or additional pressure pressing, a new kind of AgNWs composite with biocompatible and patternable chitosan polymer complex demonstrates a quite low root-mean-square roughness ∼7 nm at a largest reported scan size of 50 μm × 50 μm, which is among the best flat surface. After long-term exposure to both water and organic solvent, it still shows strong adhesion, unchanged transparency, and no obvious conductivity reduction, suggesting a good stability staying on the substrate. Meanwhile, the polymer and silver nanowire in the composite electrode can be damaged via the same process through concentrated acid or base etching to leave off the substrate, allowing a simple patterning technology. Besides, the imported insulating polymer does not lower down the opto-electrical performance, and a high figure of merit close to 300 is obtained for the composite electrode, significantly outperforming the optoelectronic performance of indium-tin oxide (ITO) coated plastics (∼100) and comparable to ITO-coated glass. It shows great advantage to replace ITO as a promising transparent electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qibing Pei
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute, Henry Samuli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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29
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Dexter M, Bhandari R, Chang CH, Malhotra R. Controlling processing temperatures and self-limiting behaviour in intense pulsed sintering by tailoring nanomaterial shape distribution. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intense pulsed light sintering of Ag nanoparticle–nanowire films shows reduced peak temperatures and a self-limiting behavior controlled by NW content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dexter
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Rutgers University
- USA
| | - R. Bhandari
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering
- Oregon State University
- Corvallis
- USA
| | - C-H. Chang
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering
- Oregon State University
- Corvallis
- USA
| | - R. Malhotra
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
- Rutgers University
- USA
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Critical Role of Diels-Adler Adducts to Realise Stretchable Transparent Electrodes Based on Silver Nanowires and Silicone Elastomer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25358. [PMID: 27140436 PMCID: PMC4853712 DOI: 10.1038/srep25358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the successful fabrication of a transparent electrode comprising a sandwich structure of silicone/Ag nanowires (AgNWs)/silicone equipped with Diels-Alder (DA) adducts as crosslinkers to realise highly stable stretchability. Because of the reversible DA reaction, the crosslinked silicone successfully bonds with the silicone overcoat, which should completely seal the electrode. Thus, any surrounding liquid cannot leak through the interfaces among the constituents. Furthermore, the nanowires are protected by the silicone cover when they are stressed by mechanical loads such as bending, folding, and stretching. After delicate optimisation of the layered silicone/AgNW/silicone sandwich structure, a stretchable transparent electrode which can withstand 1000 cycles of 50% stretching-releasing with an exceptionally high stability and reversibility was fabricated. This structure can be used as a transparent strain sensor; it possesses a strong piezoresistivity with a gauge factor greater than 11.
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32
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Ding S, Jiu J, Gao Y, Tian Y, Araki T, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Nogi M, Koga H, Suganuma K, Uchida H. One-Step Fabrication of Stretchable Copper Nanowire Conductors by a Fast Photonic Sintering Technique and Its Application in Wearable Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:6190-9. [PMID: 26830466 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b10802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowire (CuNW) conductors have been considered to have a promising perspective in the area of stretchable electronics due to the low price and high conductivity. However, the fabrication of CuNW conductors suffers from harsh conditions, such as high temperature, reducing atmosphere, and time-consuming transfer step. Here, a simple and rapid one-step photonic sintering technique was developed to fabricate stretchable CuNW conductors on polyurethane (PU) at room temperature in air environment. It was observed that CuNWs were instantaneously deoxidized, welded and simultaneously embedded into the soft surface of PU through the one-step photonic sintering technique, after which highly conductive network and strong adhesion between CuNWs and PU substrates were achieved. The CuNW/PU conductor with sheet resistance of 22.1 Ohm/sq and transmittance of 78% was achieved by the one-step photonic sintering technique within only 20 μs in air. Besides, the CuNW/PU conductor could remain a low sheet resistance even after 1000 cycles of stretching/releasing under 10% strain. Two flexible electronic devices, wearable sensor and glove-shaped heater, were fabricated using the stretchable CuNW/PU conductor, demonstrating that our CuNW/PU conductor could be integrated into various wearable electronic devices for applications in food, clothes, and medical supplies fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, 150001, China
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yue Gao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology , Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Teppei Araki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shijo Nagao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR), Osaka University , Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Institute for Polymers and Chemicals Business Development Center, Showa Denko K.K. , Ichihara, Chiba 290-0067, Japan
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33
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Lee DH, Heo G, Pyo KH, Kim Y, Kim JW. Mechanically Robust and Healable Transparent Electrode Fabricated via Vapor-Assisted Solution Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8129-8136. [PMID: 26974168 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A mechanically robust, transparent, and healable electrode was successfully developed by embedding Ag nanowires (AgNWs) on the surface of polydimethylsiloxane-based polyurethane (PDMS-CPU) cross-linked by Diels-Alder (DA) adducts. The reversibility of the DA reaction enabled the heated dimethylformamide (DMF) vapor to induce de-cross-linking of the PDMS-CPU preformed as a substrate. A combination of the retro-DA reaction and the plasticizer effect softened the polymer surface, embedding the coated AgNWs on the surface of the polymer. With this simple postprocessing, the surface roughness and mechanical stability of the electrode were largely enhanced. Even with a 55 μm bending radius, which corresponds to a strain of 90%, the resistance of the electrode after 10 min of vapor treatment increased by 2.1% for inward bending and 5.3% for outward bending. This result shows a great potential of the proposed method, as it can also be used to fabricate various mechanically deformable transparent electrode. Furthermore, swelling of the PDMS-CPU film owing to the DMF vapor facilitated the healing properties of the scratched electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
| | - Gaeun Heo
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
| | - Kyoung-Hee Pyo
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
| | - Youngmin Kim
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Display Materials & Components Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , 68 Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-816, South Korea
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Song CH, Han CJ, Ju BK, Kim JW. Photoenhanced Patterning of Metal Nanowire Networks for Fabrication of Ultraflexible Transparent Devices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:480-489. [PMID: 26690092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Network structures of metal nanowires are a promising candidate for producing a wide range of flexible electronic devices, but only if they can be suitably patterned and retained on various materials. Here we present a new approach to the patterning of metal nanowires by employing intense-pulsed-light (IPL) irradiation to reduce the process to just two steps: irradiation and the subsequent removal of nonirradiated nanowires. This ultrasimple method eliminates the need to employ chemical reagents for etching or improving the adhesion of nanowires, and is compatible with Ag nanowires (AgNWs), Cu nanowires (CuNWs), and most transparent polymers. Furthermore, it is not reliant on additional processes, such as coating, heating, developing, and etching to make a patterned nanowire structure. Using this simple method, ultraflexible and transparent devices such as touch sensor, heater and light emitting diode with an exceptionally high mechanical stability have been successfully fabricated. This new method is expected to be directly applicable to the fabrication of a wide range of high-performance, low-cost, biocompatible, and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyun Song
- Display Components & Materials Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Seongnam 463-816, Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Chul Jong Han
- Display Convergence Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Seongnam 463-816, Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory, College of Engineering, Korea University , Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Display Components & Materials Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute , Seongnam 463-816, Korea
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35
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Ha J, Lee BJ, Hwang DJ, Kim D. Femtosecond laser nanowelding of silver nanowires for transparent conductive electrodes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra19608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Femtosecond laser irradiation enables local crystalline nanojoining of silver nanowires with minimizing thermal damage on flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghong Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- POSTECH
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
- Daejeon 305-701
- Republic of Korea
| | - David J. Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Stony Brook University
- NY 11794
- USA
| | - Dongsik Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- POSTECH
- Pohang
- Republic of Korea
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36
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Ding H, Zhang Y, Yang G, Zhang S, Yu L, Zhang P. Large scale preparation of silver nanowires with different diameters by a one-pot method and their application in transparent conducting films. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25474d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Silver nanowires (AgNWs) with varied diameters were synthesized by a facile and efficient one-pot polyol method. Each run of the reaction with this method can provide more than 10 g of AgNWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ding
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Yujuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Guangbin Yang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Shengmao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Laigui Yu
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomterials
- Henan University
- Kaifeng 475004
- China
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37
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Secor EB, Ahn BY, Gao TZ, Lewis JA, Hersam MC. Rapid and Versatile Photonic Annealing of Graphene Inks for Flexible Printed Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:6683-8. [PMID: 26422363 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201502866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Intense pulsed light (IPL) annealing of graphene inks is demonstrated for rapid post-processing of inkjet-printed patterns on various substrates. A conductivity of ≈25,000 S m(-1) is achieved following a single printing pass using a concentrated ink containing 20 mg mL(-1) graphene, establishing this strategy as a practical and effective approach for the versatile and high-performance integration of graphene in printed and flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan B Secor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Bok Y Ahn
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Theodore Z Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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38
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Spechler JA, Nagamatsu KA, Sturm JC, Arnold CB. Improved efficiency of hybrid organic photovoltaics by pulsed laser sintering of silver nanowire network transparent electrode. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10556-10562. [PMID: 25914946 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this Research Article, we demonstrate pulsed laser processing of a silver nanowire network transparent conductor on top of an otherwise complete solar cell. The macroscopic pulsed laser irradiation serves to sinter nanowire-nanowire junctions on the nanoscale, leading to a much more conductive electrode. We fabricate hybrid silicon/organic heterojunction photovoltaic devices, which have ITO-free, solution processed, and laser processed transparent electrodes. Furthermore, devices which have high resistive losses show up to a 35% increase in power conversion efficiency after laser processing. We perform this study over a range of laser fluences, and a range of nanowire area coverage to investigate the sintering mechanism of nanowires inside of a device stack. The increase in device performance is modeled using a simple photovoltaic diode approach and compares favorably to the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ken A Nagamatsu
- ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey United States
| | - James C Sturm
- ‡Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey United States
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39
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Yang SB, Choi H, Lee DS, Choi CG, Choi SY, Kim ID. Improved optical sintering efficiency at the contacts of silver nanowires encapsulated by a graphene layer. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:1293-1300. [PMID: 25521110 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Graphene/silver nanowire (AgNWs) stacked electrodes, i.e., graphene/AgNWs, are fabricated on a glass substrate by air-spray coating of AgNWs followed by subsequent encapsulation via a wet transfer of single-layer graphene (SLG) and multilayer graphene (MLG, reference specimen) sheets. Here, graphene is introduced to improve the optical sintering efficiency of a xenon flash lamp by controlling optical transparency and light absorbing yield in stacked graphene/AgNW electrodes, facilitating the fusion at contacts of AgNWs. Intense pulsed light (IPL) sintering induced ultrafast (<20 ms) welding of AgNW junctions encapsulated by graphene, resulting in approximately a four-fold reduction in the sheet resistance of IPL-treated graphene/AgNWs compared to that of IPL-treated AgNWs. The role of graphene in IPL-treated graphene/AgNWs is further investigated as a passivation layer against thermal oxidation and sulfurization. This work demonstrates that optical sintering is an efficient way to provide fast welding of Ag wire-to-wire junctions in stacked electrodes of graphene/AgNWs, leading to enhanced conductivity as well as superior long-term stability under oxygen and sulfur atmospheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Bok Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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40
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Kim Y, Song CH, Kwak MG, Ju BK, Kim JW. Flexible touch sensor with finely patterned Ag nanowires buried at the surface of a colorless polyimide film. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01657f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Finely patterned AgNW electrodes were embedded in a colorless polyimide, resulting in a flexible touch sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngmin Kim
- Display Components & Materials Research Center
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute
- Seongnam 463-816
- South Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Song
- Display Components & Materials Research Center
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute
- Seongnam 463-816
- South Korea
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory
| | - Min-Gi Kwak
- Display Components & Materials Research Center
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute
- Seongnam 463-816
- South Korea
| | - Byeong-Kwon Ju
- Display and Nanosystem Laboratory
- College of Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 136-713
- South Korea
| | - Jong-Woong Kim
- Display Components & Materials Research Center
- Korea Electronics Technology Institute
- Seongnam 463-816
- South Korea
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41
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Wang J, Jiu J, Araki T, Nogi M, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Koga H, He P, Suganuma K. Silver Nanowire Electrodes: Conductivity Improvement Without Post-treatment and Application in Capacitive Pressure Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2015; 7:51-58. [PMID: 30464956 PMCID: PMC6223969 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-014-0018-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transparent electrode based on silver nanowires (AgNWs) emerges as an outstanding alternative of indium tin oxide film especially for flexible electronics. However, the conductivity of AgNWs transparent electrode is still dramatically limited by the contact resistance between nanowires at high transmittance. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) layer adsorbed on the nanowire surface acts as an electrically insulating barrier at wire-wire junctions, and some devastating post-treatment methods are proposed to reduce or eliminate PVP layer, which usually limit the application of the substrates susceptible to heat or pressure and burden the fabrication with high-cost, time-consuming, or inefficient processes. In this work, a simple and rapid pre-treatment washing method was proposed to reduce the thickness of PVP layer from 13.19 to 0.96 nm and improve the contact between wires. AgNW electrodes with sheet resistances of 15.6 and 204 Ω sq-1 have been achieved at transmittances of 90 and 97.5 %, respectively. This method avoided any post-treatments and popularized the application of high-performance AgNW transparent electrode on more substrates. The improved AgNWs were successfully employed in a capacitive pressure sensor with high transparency, sensitivity, and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Teppei Araki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Shijo Nagao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
| | - Peng He
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan
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42
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Jiu J, Wang J, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Nogi M, Koga H, Suganuma K, Hara M, Nakazawa E, Uchida H. The effect of light and humidity on the stability of silver nanowire transparent electrodes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02722e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The resistance of AgNW films generally increased with storage time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Jun Wang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Shijio Nagao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Masaya Nogi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Hirotaka Koga
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Ibaraki
- Japan
| | - Masanao Hara
- Institute for Advanced and Core Technology
- Business Development Center
- Showa Denko K. K
- Ichihara
- Japan
| | - Eri Nakazawa
- Institute for Advanced and Core Technology
- Business Development Center
- Showa Denko K. K
- Ichihara
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Uchida
- Institute for Advanced and Core Technology
- Business Development Center
- Showa Denko K. K
- Ichihara
- Japan
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43
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Weiß N, Müller-Meskamp L, Selzer F, Bormann L, Eychmüller A, Leo K, Gaponik N. Humidity assisted annealing technique for transparent conductive silver nanowire networks. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01303h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to adsorb water vapor was used to decrease the sheet resistance of silver nanowires (AgNW) based electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Weiß
- Physical Chemistry
- TU Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Franz Selzer
- Institute for Applied Photophysics
- TU Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
| | - Ludwig Bormann
- Institute for Applied Photophysics
- TU Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Karl Leo
- Institute for Applied Photophysics
- TU Dresden
- Dresden
- Germany
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44
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Ding S, Jiu J, Tian Y, Sugahara T, Nagao S, Suganuma K. Fast fabrication of copper nanowire transparent electrodes by a high intensity pulsed light sintering technique in air. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:31110-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04582g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high intensity pulsed light technique was introduced to sinter and simultaneously deoxygenate copper nanowires into a highly conductive network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
| | - Jinting Jiu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Yanhong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin
- China
| | - Tohru Sugahara
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Shijo Nagao
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suganuma
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research (ISIR)
- Osaka University
- Osaka
- Japan
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Yoo JH, Han DS, Park SB, Chae J, Kim JM, Kwak J. Fast and low-temperature sintering of silver complex using oximes as a potential reducing agent for solution-processible, highly conductive electrodes. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 25:465706. [PMID: 25360800 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/46/465706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Highly conductive, solution-processed silver thin-films were obtained at a low sintering temperature of 100 °C in a short sintering time of 10 min by introducing oximes as a potential reductant for silver complex. The thermal properties and reducibility of three kinds of oximes, acetone oxime, 2-butanone oxime, and one dimethylglyoxime, were investigated as a reducing agent, and we found that the thermal decomposition product of oximes (ketones) accelerated the conversion of silver complex into highly conductive silver at low sintering temperature in a short time. Using the acetone oxime, the silver thin-film exhibited the lowest surface resistance (0.91 Ω sq(-1)) compared to those sing other oximes. The silver thin-film also showed a high reflectance of 97.8%, which is comparable to evaporated silver films. We also demonstrated inkjet printed silver patterns with the oxime-added silver complex inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea. InkTec Co. Ltd, Ansan-si, Gyeonggi-do 425-839, Korea
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Ma J, Zhan M. Rapid production of silver nanowires based on high concentration of AgNO3 precursor and use of FeCl3 as reaction promoter. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra00711e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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