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Nishitani S, Tran T, Puglise A, Yang S, Landry MP. Engineered Glucose Oxidase-Carbon Nanotube Conjugates for Tissue-Translatable Glucose Nanosensors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202311476. [PMID: 37990059 PMCID: PMC11003487 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and non-invasive glucose monitoring and imaging is important for disease diagnosis, treatment, and management. However, glucose monitoring remains a technical challenge owing to the dearth of tissue-transparent glucose sensors. In this study, we present the development of near-infrared fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based nanosensors directly functionalized with glucose oxidase (GOx) capable of immediate and reversible glucose imaging in biological fluids and tissues. We prepared GOx-SWCNT nanosensors by facile sonication of SWCNT with GOx in a manner that-surprisingly-does not compromise the ability of GOx to detect glucose. Importantly, we find by using denatured GOx that the fluorescence modulation of GOx-SWCNT is not associated with the catalytic oxidation of glucose but rather triggered by glucose-GOx binding. Leveraging the unique response mechanism of GOx-SWCNT nanosensors, we developed catalytically inactive apo-GOx-SWCNT that enables both sensitive and reversible glucose imaging, exhibiting a ΔF/F0 of up to 40 % within 1 s of exposure to glucose without consuming the glucose analyte. We finally demonstrate the potential applicability of apo-GOx-SWCNT in biomedical applications by glucose quantification in human plasma and glucose imaging in mouse brain slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Nishitani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Tran
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Puglise
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sounghyun Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, 94720, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, 94158, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Ma Z, Xu J, Wang C, Liu Z, Zhu G. Molecular dynamics simulation study on the binding mechanism between carbon nanotubes and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38263694 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential prospects in disease treatment, so it is of great significance to study CNTs as the possible inhibitors of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Through the way of using the RdRp of SARS-COV-2 as a model, five armchair single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) (namely Dn, which stands for CNTs (n, m = n), n = 3-7) and RdRp have been selected to study the interactions by means of molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. After five SWCNT-RdRp complex systems have been subjected to the molecular dynamics simulations of 100 ns, and Molecular Mechanics Poisson - Boltzmann Surface Area (MMPBSA) has been used to calculate the binding free energy, it is found that the binding free energy of the D6 system (-189.541 kJ/mol) is significantly higher than that of the other four systems, and most of the amino acids with strong positive effects on binding are usually basic amino acids. What's more, in the further investigation of the specific interaction mechanism between CNT (6,6) and RdRp, it is revealed that the three amino acid residues LYS545, ARG553 and ARG555 located in the nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) entry channel all have strong effects. In addition, it is also observed that when ARG555 has been inserted into SWCNT, a stable structure will be formed, which will break the original NTP entry channel structure and inhibit virus replication. Therefore, it can be concluded that certain specific types of SWCNT, such as CNT (6,6), could be potential small molecule inhibitors in the treatment of coronavirus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Zhicong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Guanglai Zhu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Science and Technology, School of Physics and Electronic Information, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
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3
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Wang H, Boghossian AA. Covalent conjugation of proteins onto fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes for biological and medical applications. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 4:823-834. [PMID: 36761250 PMCID: PMC9900427 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00714b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have optical properties that are conducive for biological applications such as sensing, delivery, and imaging. These applications necessitate the immobilization of macromolecules that can serve as therapeutic drugs, molecular templates, or modulators of surface interactions. Although previous studies have focused on non-covalent immobilization strategies, recent advances have introduced covalent functional handles that can preserve or even enhance the SWCNT optical properties. This review presents an overview of covalent sidewall modifications of SWCNTs, with a focus on the latest generation of "sp3 defect" modifications. We summarize and compare the reaction conditions and the reported products of these sp3 chemistries. We further review the underlying photophysics governing SWCNT fluorescence and apply these principles to the fluorescence emitted from these covalently modified SWCNTs. Finally, we provide an outlook on additional chemistries that could be applied to covalently conjugate proteins to these chemically modified, fluorescent SWCNTs. We review the advantages of these approaches, emerging opportunities for further improvement, as well as their implications for enabling new technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanxuan Wang
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Ardemis A Boghossian
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland
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4
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Computational Investigation of Chirality-Based Separation of Carbon Nanotubes Using Tripeptide Library. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010175. [PMID: 36671560 PMCID: PMC9855824 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have fascinating applications in flexible electronics, biosensors, and energy storage devices, and are classified as metallic or semiconducting based on their chirality. Semiconducting CNTs have been teased as a new material for building blocks in electronic devices, owing to their band gap resembling silicon. However, CNTs must be sorted into metallic and semiconducting for such applications. Formerly, gel chromatography, ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, and phage display libraries were utilized for sorting CNTs. Nevertheless, these techniques are either expensive or have poor efficiency. In this study, we utilize a novel technique of using a library of nine tripeptides with glycine as a central residue to study the effect of flanking residues for large-scale separation of CNTs. Through molecular dynamics, we found that the tripeptide combinations with threonine as one of the flanking residues have a high affinity for metallic CNTs, whereas those with flanking residues having uncharged and negatively charged polar groups show selectivity towards semiconducting CNTs. Furthermore, the role of interfacial water molecules and the ability of the tripeptides to form hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in sorting the CNTs. It is envisaged that CNTs can be sorted based on their chirality-selective interaction affinity to tripeptides.
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5
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Côa F, Delite FDS, Strauss M, Martinez DST. Toxicity mitigation and biodistribution of albumin corona coated graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes in Caenorhabditis elegans. NANOIMPACT 2022; 27:100413. [PMID: 35940564 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the toxicity and biodistribution of graphene oxide (GO) and oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were investigated in Caenorhabditis elegans. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was selected as a model protein to evaluate the influence of protein corona formation on materials physicochemical properties, colloidal stability, and toxicity. Biological assays were performed to assess the effects of bare and albumin corona coated materials on survival, oxidative stress, intestinal barrier permeability, growth, reproduction, and fertility. Critical alterations in topography, surface roughness and chemistry of GO and MWCNT were observed due to albumin corona formation. These modifications were associated with changes in colloidal stability of materials and prevention of their aggregation and sedimentation in nematode testing medium. Both GO and MWCNT caused damage to nematode survival, growth, reproduction, and fertility, as well as enhanced oxidative stress and permeability of the intestinal barrier. But GO was more toxic than MWCNT to C. elegans, especially at long-term assays. Albumin corona mitigated 100% of acute and chronic effects of MWCNT. In contrast, the negative effects of GO were not completely mitigated; GO inhibited 16.2% of nematode growth, 86.5% of reproduction, and 32.0% of fertility at the highest concentration evaluated (10 mg L-1), while corona coated GO mitigated 50% and 100% of fertility and growth, respectively. Confocal Raman spectroscopy imaging was crucial to point out that bare and albumin corona coated GO and MWCNT crossed the C. elegans intestinal barrier reaching its reproductive organs. However, BSA corona protected the nematodes targeted organs from negative effects from MWCNT and blocked its translocation to other tissues, while coated GO was translocated inside the nematode affecting the functionality of crucial organs. In addition, coated MWCNT was excreted after 2 h of food resumption, whereas coated GO still accumulated in the nematode intestine. Our results demonstrate that the materials different translocation and excretion patterns in C. elegans had a relation to the impaired physiological functions of primary and secondary organs. This work is a contribution towards a better understanding of the impacts of protein corona on the toxicity of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes; essential information for biological applications and nanosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Côa
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabrício de Souza Delite
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mathias Strauss
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Center of Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego Stéfani Teodoro Martinez
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; School of Technology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
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6
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Marin D, Marchesan S. Carbon Graphitization: Towards Greener Alternatives to Develop Nanomaterials for Targeted Drug Delivery. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061320. [PMID: 35740342 PMCID: PMC9220131 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials have attracted great interest for their unique physico-chemical properties for various applications, including medicine and, in particular, drug delivery, to solve the most challenging unmet clinical needs. Graphitization is a process that has become very popular for their production or modification. However, traditional conditions are energy-demanding; thus, recent efforts have been devoted to the development of greener routes that require lower temperatures or that use waste or byproducts as a carbon source in order to be more sustainable. In this concise review, we analyze the progress made in the last five years in this area, as well as in their development as drug delivery agents, focusing on active targeting, and conclude with a perspective on the future of the field.
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7
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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8
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Guzmán-Mendoza JJ, Chávez-Flores D, Montes-Fonseca SL, González-Horta C, Orrantia-Borunda E, Sánchez-Ramírez B. A Novel Method for Carbon Nanotube Functionalization Using Immobilized Candida antarctica Lipase. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1465. [PMID: 35564174 PMCID: PMC9105613 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed as nanovehicles for drug or antigen delivery since they can be functionalized with different biomolecules. For this purpose, different types of molecules have been chemically bonded to CNTs; however, this method has low efficiency and generates solvent waste. Candida antarctica lipase is an enzyme that, in an organic solvent, can bind a carboxylic to a hydroxyl group by esterase activity. The objective of this work was to functionalize purified CNTs with insulin as a protein model using an immobilized lipase of Candida antarctica to develop a sustainable functionalization method with high protein attachment. The functionalized CNTs were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The enzymatic functionalization of insulin on the surface of the CNTs was found to have an efficiency of 21%, which is higher in conversion and greener than previously reported by the diimide-activated amidation method. These results suggest that enzymatic esterification is a convenient and efficient method for CNT functionalization with proteins. Moreover, this functionalization method can be used to enhance the cellular-specific release of proteins by lysosomal esterases.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Jesús Guzmán-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
| | - David Chávez-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
| | - Silvia Lorena Montes-Fonseca
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Heroico Colegio Militar 4700, Col. Nombre de Dios, Chihuahua 31300, Mexico;
| | - Carmen González-Horta
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
| | - Erasmo Orrantia-Borunda
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Miguel de Cervantes 120, Complejo Industrial Chihuahua, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico;
| | - Blanca Sánchez-Ramírez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Circuito Universitario s/n Campus II, Chihuahua 31125, Mexico; (J.J.G.-M.); (D.C.-F.); (C.G.-H.)
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Enhancement of Protein Crystallization Using Nano-Sized Metal–Organic Framework. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12050578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein crystallization plays a fundamental role in structural biology and chemistry, drug discovery, and crystallography itself. Determining how to improve the crystal growth is necessary and vital during the whole process. According to the recently published data, crystallizing proteins on nanoporous surfaces (i.e., metal–organic framework, abbreviated as MOF) is faster and demands less protein. However, dispersing micro-sized MOF materials uniformly is still a challenge and limiting process in protein crystallization. Here, we investigate the uniformity of micro-sized MOF under the treatment of the high-pressure homogenizer. At various pressures, the MOF is split into particles of different sizes, including the uniform and stable nano-sized MOF. Crystallization experiments demonstrated its enhancement in protein crystallization, and the number of crystals is significantly increased in the presence of nano-sized MOF. This work explores the use of nano-sized MOF solids to crystallize proteins of limited availability (i.e., insufficient for conventional methods) or of a hard-to-crystallize nature.
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10
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Marforio TD, Mattioli EJ, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M. Fullerenes against COVID-19: Repurposing C 60 and C 70 to Clog the Active Site of SARS-CoV-2 Protease. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061916. [PMID: 35335283 PMCID: PMC8955646 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistency of COVID-19 in the world and the continuous rise of its variants demand new treatments to complement vaccines. Computational chemistry can assist in the identification of moieties able to lead to new drugs to fight the disease. Fullerenes and carbon nanomaterials can interact with proteins and are considered promising antiviral agents. Here, we propose the possibility to repurpose fullerenes to clog the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 protease, Mpro. Through the use of docking, molecular dynamics, and energy decomposition techniques, it is shown that C60 has a substantial binding energy to the main protease of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, Mpro, higher than masitinib, a known inhibitor of the protein. Furthermore, we suggest the use of C70 as an innovative scaffold for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. At odds with masitinib, both C60 and C70 interact more strongly with SARS-CoV-2 Mpro when different protonation states of the catalytic dyad are considered. The binding of fullerenes to Mpro is due to shape complementarity, i.e., vdW interactions, and is aspecific. As such, it is not sensitive to mutations that can eliminate or invert the charges of the amino acids composing the binding pocket. Fullerenic cages should therefore be more effective against the SARS-CoV-2 virus than the available inhibitors such as masinitib, where the electrostatic term plays a crucial role in the binding.
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Carbon Nanomaterials (CNMs) and Enzymes: From Nanozymes to CNM-Enzyme Conjugates and Biodegradation. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15031037. [PMID: 35160982 PMCID: PMC8838330 DOI: 10.3390/ma15031037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) and enzymes differ significantly in terms of their physico-chemical properties—their handling and characterization require very different specialized skills. Therefore, their combination is not trivial. Numerous studies exist at the interface between these two components—especially in the area of sensing—but also involving biofuel cells, biocatalysis, and even biomedical applications including innovative therapeutic approaches and theranostics. Finally, enzymes that are capable of biodegrading CNMs have been identified, and they may play an important role in controlling the environmental fate of these structures after their use. CNMs’ widespread use has created more and more opportunities for their entry into the environment, and thus it becomes increasingly important to understand how to biodegrade them. In this concise review, we will cover the progress made in the last five years on this exciting topic, focusing on the applications, and concluding with future perspectives on research combining carbon nanomaterials and enzymes.
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12
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Recent advances in carbon nanotubes-based biocatalysts and their applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 297:102542. [PMID: 34655931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes have been incorporated into a wide variety of fields and industries as they catalyze many biochemical and chemical reactions. The immobilization of enzymes on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for generating nano biocatalysts with high stability and reusability is gaining great attention among researchers. Functionalized CNTs act as excellent support for effective enzyme immobilization. Depending on the application, the enzymes can be tailored using the various surface functionalization techniques on the CNTs to extricate the desirable characteristics. Aiming at the preparation of efficient, stable, and recyclable nanobiocatalysts, this review provides an overview of the methods developed to immobilize the various enzymes. Various applications of carbon nanotube-based biocatalysts in water purification, bioremediation, biosensors, and biofuel cells have been comprehensively reviewed.
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DNA-Directed Assembly of Carbon Nanotube-Protein Hybrids. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070955. [PMID: 34209628 PMCID: PMC8301810 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the controlled assembly of SWCNT–GFP hybrids employing DNA as a linker. Two distinct, enriched SWCNTs chiralities, (6,5), (7,6), and an unsorted SWCNT solution, were selectively functionalized with DNA and hybridized to a complementary GFPDNA conjugate. Atomic force microscopy images confirmed that GFP attachment occurred predominantly at the terminal ends of the nanotubes, as designed. The electronic coupling of the proteins to the nanotubes was confirmed via in-solution fluorescence spectroscopy, that revealed an increase in the emission intensity of GFP when linked to the CNTs.
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14
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Adorinni S, Rozhin P, Marchesan S. Smart Hydrogels Meet Carbon Nanomaterials for New Frontiers in Medicine. Biomedicines 2021; 9:570. [PMID: 34070138 PMCID: PMC8158376 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials include diverse structures and morphologies, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. They have attracted great interest in medicine for their high innovative potential, owing to their unique electronic and mechanical properties. In this review, we describe the most recent advancements in their inclusion in hydrogels to yield smart systems that can respond to a variety of stimuli. In particular, we focus on graphene and carbon nanotubes, for applications that span from sensing and wearable electronics to drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Adorinni
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Petr Rozhin
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.R.)
| | - Silvia Marchesan
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (S.A.); (P.R.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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15
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Abstract
The family of carbon nanostructures comprises several members, such as fullerenes, nano-onions, nanodots, nanodiamonds, nanohorns, nanotubes, and graphene-based materials. Their unique electronic properties have attracted great interest for their highly innovative potential in nanomedicine. However, their hydrophobic nature often requires organic solvents for their dispersibility and processing. In this review, we describe the green approaches that have been developed to produce and functionalize carbon nanomaterials for biomedical applications, with a special focus on the very latest reports.
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16
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Makhlynets OV, Caputo GA. Characteristics and therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:011301. [PMID: 38505398 PMCID: PMC10903410 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The demand for novel antimicrobial compounds is rapidly growing due to the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. In response, numerous alternative approaches are being taken including use of polymers, metals, combinatorial approaches, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). AMPs are a naturally occurring part of the immune system of all higher organisms and display remarkable broad-spectrum activity and high selectivity for bacterial cells over host cells. However, despite good activity and safety profiles, AMPs have struggled to find success in the clinic. In this review, we outline the fundamental properties of AMPs that make them effective antimicrobials and extend this into three main approaches being used to help AMPs become viable clinical options. These three approaches are the incorporation of non-natural amino acids into the AMP sequence to impart better pharmacological properties, the incorporation of AMPs in hydrogels, and the chemical modification of surfaces with AMPs for device applications. These approaches are being developed to enhance the biocompatibility, stability, and/or bioavailability of AMPs as clinical options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Makhlynets
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, 111 College Place, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
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17
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Berezovska A, Nedellec Y, Giroud F, Gross AJ, Cosnier S. Freestanding biopellet electrodes based on carbon nanotubes and protein compression for direct and mediated bioelectrocatalysis. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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18
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Anaya‐Plaza E, Shaukat A, Lehtonen I, Kostiainen MA. Biomolecule-Directed Carbon Nanotube Self-Assembly. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001162. [PMID: 33124183 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of combining biomolecules and synthetic components to develop biohybrids is becoming increasingly popular for preparing highly customized and biocompatible functional materials. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) benefit from bioconjugation, allowing their excellent properties to be applied to biomedical applications. This study reviews the state-of-the-art research in biomolecule-CNT conjugates and discusses strategies for their self-assembly into hierarchical structures. The review focuses on various highly ordered structures and the interesting properties resulting from the structural order. Hence, CNTs conjugated with the most relevant biomolecules, such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, saccharides, and lipids are discussed. The resulting well-defined composites allow the nanoscale properties of the CNTs to be exploited at the micro- and macroscale, with potential applications in tissue engineering, sensors, and wearable electronics. This review presents the underlying chemistry behind the CNT-based biohybrid materials and discusses the future directions of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anaya‐Plaza
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Kemistintie 1 Espoo 02150 Finland
| | - Ahmed Shaukat
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Kemistintie 1 Espoo 02150 Finland
| | - Inka Lehtonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Kemistintie 1 Espoo 02150 Finland
| | - Mauri A. Kostiainen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Aalto University Kemistintie 1 Espoo 02150 Finland
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19
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Pineux F, Federico S, Klotz KN, Kachler S, Michiels C, Sturlese M, Prato M, Spalluto G, Moro S, Bonifazi D. Targeting G Protein-Coupled Receptors with Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes: The Case of the A 3 Adenosine Receptor. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:1909-1920. [PMID: 32706529 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The A3 adenosine receptor (AR) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) overexpressed in the membrane of specific cancer cells. Thus, the development of nanosystems targeting this receptor could be a strategy to both treat and diagnose cancer. Iron-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an optimal platform for theranostic purposes, and the use of a magnetic field can be exploited for cancer magnetic cell sorting and thermal therapy. In this work, we have conjugated an A3 AR ligand on the surface of iron-filled CNTs with the aim of targeting cells overexpressing A3 ARs. In particular, two conjugates bearing PEG linkers of different length were designed. A docking analysis of A3 AR showed that neither CNT nor linker interferes with ligand binding to the receptor; this was confirmed by in vitro preliminary radioligand competition assays on A3 AR. Encouraged by this result, magnetic cell sorting was applied to a mixture of cells overexpressing or not the A3 AR in which our compound displayed indiscriminate binding to all cells. Despite this, it is the first time that a GPCR ligand has been anchored to a magnetic nanosystem, thus it opens the door to new applications for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Pineux
- Department of Chemistry and Namur Research College (NARC), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Stephanie Federico
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L.Giorgeri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karl-Norbert Klotz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Kachler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Straße 9, 97078, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carine Michiels
- Namur Research Institute for Life Science (NARILIS), Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), University of Namur, 5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Mattia Sturlese
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Prato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L.Giorgeri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy.,Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Basque Foundation for Science, Ikerbasque, 48013, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Giampiero Spalluto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Via L.Giorgeri 1, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Moro
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco Molecular Modeling Section (MMS), Università degli Studi di Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Bonifazi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Wien, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Wien, Austria
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20
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Di Costanzo L, Geremia S. Atomic Details of Carbon-Based Nanomolecules Interacting with Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:E3555. [PMID: 32759758 PMCID: PMC7435792 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of fullerene, carbon-based nanomolecules sparked a wealth of research across biological, medical and material sciences. Understanding the interactions of these materials with biological samples at the atomic level is crucial for improving the applications of nanomolecules and address safety aspects concerning their use in medicine. Protein crystallography provides the interface view between proteins and carbon-based nanomolecules. We review forefront structural studies of nanomolecules interacting with proteins and the mechanism underlying these interactions. We provide a systematic analysis of approaches used to select proteins interacting with carbon-based nanomolecules explored from the worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB) and scientific literature. The analysis of van der Waals interactions from available data provides important aspects of interactions between proteins and nanomolecules with implications on functional consequences. Carbon-based nanomolecules modulate protein surface electrostatic and, by forming ordered clusters, could modify protein quaternary structures. Lessons learned from structural studies are exemplary and will guide new projects for bioimaging tools, tuning of intrinsically disordered proteins, and design assembly of precise hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Costanzo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 100, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Silvano Geremia
- Centre of Excellence in Biocrystallography, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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21
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Di Giosia M, Marforio TD, Cantelli A, Valle F, Zerbetto F, Su Q, Wang H, Calvaresi M. Inhibition of α-chymotrypsin by pristine single-wall carbon nanotubes: Clogging up the active site. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 571:174-184. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Zhao H, Guo L, Lian Y. Dispersion of arc-discharged single-walled carbon nanotubes using the natural α-amino acid derivative N-dodecanoyl leucinate. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21643-21649. [PMID: 35518735 PMCID: PMC9054530 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra02862b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural α-amino acid derivate N-dodecanoyl leucinate was synthesized via Schotten–Baumann reaction and alkali treatment, and was applied to the dispersion of arc-discharged single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Optical absorption and Raman scattering spectra as well as AFM observation confirmed the effective individualization and selective dispersion of SWNTs. Moreover, charge transfer from N-dodecanoyl leucinate to SWNTs was evidenced by FT-IR and Raman scattering spectroscopic analyses. We believe that the formation of a charge transfer complex between dispersants and SWNTs is responsible for the effective individualization of SWNTs, and that the charge transfer from dispersants to SWNTs (or from SWNTs to dispersants) is crucial for selective dispersion of semiconducting (or metallic) SWNTs. The synthesized natural α-amino acid derivative N-dodecanoyl leucinate demonstrates an effective and selective dispersion towards arc-discharged SWNTs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China +86 451 86608576 +86 451 86608576
| | - Lihua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Biomaterials and Energy Storage Material, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University Harbin 150025 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yongfu Lian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 China +86 451 86608576 +86 451 86608576
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23
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Farahani M, Rezaei‐Tavirani M, Zali H, Hatamie S, Ghasemi N. Systems toxicology assessment revealed the impact of graphene‐based materials on cell cycle regulators. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1520-1533. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Farahani
- Proteomics Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | | | - Hakimeh Zali
- Proteomics Research CenterShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Shadie Hatamie
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystemsNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Nazanin Ghasemi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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24
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Abstract
Carbon nanostructures (CNs), such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, carbon dots, nanodiamonds as well as graphene and its derivatives present a tremendous potential for various biomedical applications, ranging from sensing to drug delivery and gene therapy, biomedical imaging and tissue engineering. Since most of these applications encompass blood contact or intravenous injection, hemocompatibility is a critical aspect that must be carefully considered to take advantage of CN exceptional characteristics while allowing their safe use. This review discusses the hemocompatibility of different classes of CNs with the purpose of providing biomaterial scientists with a comprehensive vision of the interactions between CNs and blood components. The various complex mechanisms involved in blood compatibility, including coagulation, hemolysis, as well as the activation of complement, platelets, and leukocytes will be considered. Special attention will be paid to the role of CN size, structure, and surface properties in the formation of the protein corona and in the processes that drive blood response. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of hemocompatibility for CNs intended for biomedical applications and to provide some valuable insights for the development of new generation particles with improved performance and safety in the physiological environment.
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25
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Holian A, Hamilton RF, Wu Z, Deb S, Trout KL, Wang Z, Bhargava R, Mitra S. Lung deposition patterns of MWCNT vary with degree of carboxylation. Nanotoxicology 2020; 13:143-159. [PMID: 31111787 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2018.1530392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is known to affect the biological response (e.g. toxicity, inflammation) in vitro and in vivo. However, the reasons for these changes in vivo are not well described. This study examined the degree of MWCNT functionalization with regard to in vivo mouse lung distribution, particle retention, and resulting pathology. A commercially available MWCNT (source MWCNT) was functionalized (f-MWCNT) by systematically varying the degree of carboxylation on the particle's surface. Following a pilot study using seven variants, two f-MWCNT variants were chosen and for lung pathology and particle distribution using oropharyngeal aspiration administration of MWCNT in Balb/c mice. Particle distribution in the lung was examined at 7 and 28 days post-instillation by bright-field microscopy, CytoViva hyperspectral dark-field imaging, and Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy. Examination of the lung tissue by bright-field microscopy showed some acute inflammation for all MWCNT that was highest with source MWCNT. Hyperspectral imaging and SRS were employed to assess the changes in particle deposition and retention. Highly functionalized MWCNT had a higher lung burden and were more disperse. They also appeared to be associated more with epithelial cells compared to the source and less functionalized MWCNT that were mostly interacting with alveolar macrophages (AM). These results showing a slightly reduced pathology despite the extended deposition have implications for the engineering of safer MWCNT and may establish a practical use as a targeted delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrij Holian
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Raymond F Hamilton
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Zhequion Wu
- b Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Sanghamitra Deb
- c Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Kevin L Trout
- a Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences , University of Montana , Missoula , MT , USA
| | - Zhiqian Wang
- b Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- c Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , NJ , USA
| | - Somenath Mitra
- b Beckman Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana , IL , USA
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26
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Pinals RL, Yang D, Lui A, Cao W, Landry MP. Corona Exchange Dynamics on Carbon Nanotubes by Multiplexed Fluorescence Monitoring. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:1254-1264. [PMID: 31887029 PMCID: PMC10493162 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Noncovalent adsorption of DNA on nanoparticles has led to their widespread implementation as gene delivery tools and optical probes. Yet, the behavior and stability of DNA-nanoparticle complexes once applied in biomolecule-rich, in vivo environments remains unpredictable, whereby biocompatibility testing usually occurs in serum. Here, we demonstrate time-resolved measurements of exchange dynamics between solution-phase and adsorbed corona-phase DNA and protein biomolecules on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). We capture real-time binding of fluorophore-labeled biomolecules, utilizing the SWCNT surface as a fluorescence quencher, and apply this corona exchange assay to study protein corona dynamics on ssDNA-SWCNT-based dopamine sensors. We study exchange of two blood proteins, albumin and fibrinogen, adsorbing to and competitively displacing (GT)6 vs (GT)15 ssDNA from ssDNA-SWCNTs. We find that (GT)15 binds to SWCNTs with a higher affinity than (GT)6 and that fibrinogen interacts with ssDNA-SWCNTs more strongly than albumin. Albumin and fibrinogen cause a 52.2% and 78.2% attenuation of the dopamine nanosensor response, coinciding with 0.5% and 3.7% desorption of (GT)6, respectively. Concurrently, the total surface-adsorbed fibrinogen mass is 168% greater than that of albumin. Binding profiles are fit to a competitive surface exchange model which recapitulates the experimental observation that fibrinogen has a higher affinity for SWCNTs than albumin, with a fibrinogen on-rate constant 1.61-fold greater and an off-rate constant 0.563-fold smaller than that of albumin. Our methodology presents a generic route to assess real-time corona exchange on nanoparticles in solution phase and more broadly motivates testing of nanoparticle-based technologies in blood plasma rather than the more ubiquitously tested serum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Pinals
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Darwin Yang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Alison Lui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Wendy Cao
- Department of Chemistry , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Markita P Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI) , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3 , University of California at Berkeley , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub , San Francisco , California 94158 , United States
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27
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Thomas SK, Jamieson WD, Gwyther REA, Bowen BJ, Beachey A, Worthy HL, Macdonald JE, Elliott M, Castell OK, Jones DD. Site-Specific Protein Photochemical Covalent Attachment to Carbon Nanotube Side Walls and Its Electronic Impact on Single Molecule Function. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:584-594. [PMID: 31743647 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional integration of proteins with carbon-based nanomaterials such as nanotubes holds great promise in emerging electronic and optoelectronic applications. Control over protein attachment poses a major challenge for consistent and useful device fabrication, especially when utilizing single/few molecule properties. Here, we exploit genetically encoded phenyl azide photochemistry to define the direct covalent attachment of four different proteins, including the fluorescent protein GFP and a β-lactamase binding protein (BBP), to carbon nanotube side walls. AFM showed that on attachment BBP could still recognize and bind additional protein components. Single molecule fluorescence revealed that on attachment to SWCNTs function was retained and there was feedback to GFP in terms of fluorescence intensity and improved resistance to photobleaching; GFP is fluorescent for much longer on attachment. The site of attachment proved important in terms of electronic impact on GFP function, with the attachment site furthest from the chromophore having the larger effect on fluorescence. Our approach provides a versatile and general method for generating intimate protein-CNT hybrid bioconjugates. It can be potentially applied to any protein of choice; the attachment position and thus interface characteristics with the CNT can easily be changed by simply placing the phenyl azide chemistry at different residues by gene mutagenesis. Thus, our approach will allow consistent construction and modulate functional coupling through changing the protein attachment position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne K Thomas
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - W David Jamieson
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca E A Gwyther
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin J Bowen
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Beachey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Harley L Worthy
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - J Emyr Macdonald
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Elliott
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver K Castell
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, United Kingdom
| | - D Dafydd Jones
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
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28
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Giuri D, Barbalinardo M, Zanna N, Paci P, Montalti M, Cavallini M, Valle F, Calvaresi M, Tomasini C. Tuning Mechanical Properties of Pseudopeptide Supramolecular Hydrogels by Graphene Doping. Molecules 2019; 24:E4345. [PMID: 31795090 PMCID: PMC6930602 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular hydrogels, obtained from small organic molecules, may be advantageous over polymeric ones for several applications, because these materials have some peculiar properties that differentiate them from the traditional polymeric hydrogels, such as elasticity, thixotropy, self-healing propensity, and biocompatibility. We report here the preparation of strong supramolecular pseudopeptide-based hydrogels that owe their strength to the introduction of graphene in the gelling mixture. These materials proved to be strong, stable, thermoreversible and elastic. The concentration of the gelator, the degree of graphene doping, and the nature of the trigger are crucial to get hydrogels with the desired properties, where a high storage modulus coexists with a good thixotropic behavior. Finally, NIH-3T3 cells were used to evaluate the cell response to the presence of the most promising hydrogels. The hydrogels biocompatibility remains good, if a small degree of graphene doping is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demetra Giuri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (D.G.); (N.Z.); (P.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marianna Barbalinardo
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISMN-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (M.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Nicola Zanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (D.G.); (N.Z.); (P.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Paolo Paci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (D.G.); (N.Z.); (P.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Marco Montalti
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (D.G.); (N.Z.); (P.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Cavallini
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISMN-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (M.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Francesco Valle
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, (ISMN-CNR), Via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy; (M.B.); (M.C.); (F.V.)
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (D.G.); (N.Z.); (P.P.); (M.M.)
| | - Claudia Tomasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via Selmi, 240126 Bologna, Italy; (D.G.); (N.Z.); (P.P.); (M.M.)
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29
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Chaudhary H, Fernandes RMF, Gowda V, Claessens MMAE, Furó I, Lendel C. Intrinsically disordered protein as carbon nanotube dispersant: How dynamic interactions lead to excellent colloidal stability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 556:172-179. [PMID: 31445446 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The rich pool of protein conformations combined with the dimensions and properties of carbon nanotubes create new possibilities in functional materials and nanomedicine. Here, the intrinsically disordered protein α-synuclein is explored as a dispersant of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in water. We use a range of spectroscopic methods to quantify the amount of dispersed SWNT and to elucidate the binding mode of α-synuclein to SWNT. The dispersion ability of α-synuclein is good even with mild sonication and the obtained dispersion is very stable over time. The whole polypeptide chain is involved in the interaction accompanied by a fraction of the chain changing into a helical structure upon binding. Similar to other dispersants, we observe that only a small fraction (15-20%) of α-synuclein is adsorbed on the SWNT surface with an average residence time below 10 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Ricardo M F Fernandes
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden; Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Vasantha Gowda
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mireille M A E Claessens
- MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and Mira Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, 7500AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - István Furó
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christofer Lendel
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Perera YR, Hill RA, Fitzkee NC. Protein Interactions with Nanoparticle Surfaces: Highlighting Solution NMR Techniques. Isr J Chem 2019; 59:962-979. [PMID: 34045771 PMCID: PMC8152826 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, nanoparticles (NPs) have become a key tool in medicine and biotechnology as drug delivery systems, biosensors and diagnostic devices. The composition and surface chemistry of NPs vary based on the materials used: typically organic polymers, inorganic materials, or lipids. Nanoparticle classes can be further divided into sub-categories depending on the surface modification and functionalization. These surface properties matter when NPs are introduced into a physiological environment, as they will influence how nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins will interact with the NP surface. While small-molecule interactions are easily probed using NMR spectroscopy, studying protein-NP interactions using NMR introduces several challenges. For example, globular proteins may have a perturbed conformation when attached to a foreign surface, and the size of NP-protein conjugates can lead to excessive line broadening. Many of these challenges have been addressed, and NMR spectroscopy is becoming a mature technique for in situ analysis of NP binding behavior. It is therefore not surprising that NMR has been applied to NP systems and has been used to study biomolecules on NP surfaces. Important considerations include corona composition, protein behavior, and ligand architecture. These features are difficult to resolve using classical surface and material characterization strategies, and NMR provides a complementary avenue of characterization. In this review, we examine how solution NMR can be combined with other analytical techniques to investigate protein behavior on NP surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Randika Perera
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Nicholas C Fitzkee
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
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Song J, Wang Q, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Jiang W. Deposition of protein-coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes on oxide surfaces and the retention in a silicon micromodel. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 375:107-114. [PMID: 31054527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation, deposition and porous retention of bovine serum albumin treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (BSA-MWCNTs) are investigated using dynamic light scattering (DLS), quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) and 2-dimensional silicon micromodel, respectively. The aggregation of BSA-MWCNTs is consistent with Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) is 175 mM NaCl and 2.7 mM CaCl2, suggesting that Ca2+ causes stronger aggregation. The BSA-MWCNT deposition on SiO2 surface is unfavorable with critical deposition concentration (CDC) of 100 mM in NaCl and 0.9 mM in CaCl2. The deposition on the Al2O3 surface is favorable. Deposition rate is dominated by electrostatic forces at low ionic strength (IS), but electrostatic interaction is eliminated when IS is above CDC. Therefore the deposition rate on SiO2 or Al2O3 surface starts decreasing at the CDC point due to the reduced particle diffusion. In micromodel, the amount and position of attached BSA-MWCNTs in pore space can be observed by a microscope. The retention attachment efficiency increases at higher IS. The suspended BSA-MWCNTs approach to the collector through either diffusion or interception. The attached BSA-MWCNTs narrow the pore space and then clog the pore throats. The straining process happens on the clogged pore throats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Song
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuxuan Zeng
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, Shandong University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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Walgama C, Pathiranage A, Akinwale M, Montealegre R, Niroula J, Echeverria E, McIlroy DN, Harriman TA, Lucca DA, Krishnan S. Buckypaper–Bilirubin Oxidase Biointerface for Electrocatalytic Applications: Buckypaper Thickness. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:2229-2236. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charuksha Walgama
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Anuruddha Pathiranage
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Mayowa Akinwale
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Roberto Montealegre
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Jinesh Niroula
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Elena Echeverria
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - David N. McIlroy
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Tres A. Harriman
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Don A. Lucca
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
| | - Sadagopan Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, United States
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Barreca D, Neri G, Scala A, Fazio E, Gentile D, Rescifina A, Piperno A. Covalently immobilized catalase on functionalized graphene: effect on the activity, immobilization efficiency, and tetramer stability. Biomater Sci 2019; 6:3231-3240. [PMID: 30379150 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00850g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Herein we describe, for the first time, the covalent immobilization of catalase (CAT) on functionalized graphene surfaces (G) by exploiting the azalactone chemistry for the post-functionalization of graphene-based materials. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of catalase immobilized on graphene (CAT-G) have been investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). The biological responses such as catalytic activity, cellular uptake, internalization pathway, and the ability to protect lymphocytes from oxidative stress induced by H2O2 together with the unforeseen ability to increase the lifetime of the free catalase in solution have been deeply investigated. From our studies, it is evident that the behavior of CAT covalently linked to modified graphene depends on the CAT/G ratio that affects the secondary structure and the tetramer stability of CAT. In order to support the experimental results, we have also investigated the behaviors of two appropriately designed model systems, named CAT-surfer and CAT-skier, by molecular dynamics calculations. These in silico results parallel the experimental results proving our hypothesis that the CAT-surfer maintains the conformational flexibility needed for a biological response, whereas CAT-skier favors the dissociation of the tetramer subunits, involving the inactivation of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Barreca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Italy.
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Ebrahim-Habibi MB, Ghobeh M, Aghakhani Mahyari F, Rafii-Tabar H, Sasanpour P. Protein G selects two binding sites for carbon nanotube with dissimilar behavior; a molecular dynamics study. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 87:257-267. [PMID: 30594774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Study of nanostructure-protein interaction for development of various types of nano-devices is very essential. Among carbon nanostructures, carbon nanotube (CNT) provides a suitable platform for functionalization by proteins. Previous studies have confirmed that the CNT induces changes in the protein structure. METHODS Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation study was employed to illustrate the changes occurring in the protein G (PGB) in the presence of a CNT. In order to predict the PGB surface patches for the CNT, Autodock tools were utilized. RESULTS Docking results indicate the presence of two different surface patches with diverse amino acids: the dominant polar residues in the first (PGB-CNT1) and the aromatic residues in the second (PGB-CNT2) surface patch. Displacement of amino acids in the PGB-CNT2 complex occurred during the simulation and it caused an increase in its stability at the end of simulation. The amino acids' displacements diminished the PGB α-helix structure by breakage of hydrogen bonds and generated more transient structures. Principal component analysis determined that the interaction of the CNT with the second surface patch of the PGB raised the extent and modes of the PGB motions. In contrast, insignificant structural changes induced in the PGB while the CNT bonded through the first surface patch. CONCLUSION Even though neither of the PGB-CNT complexes could prevent structural changes in the PGB, development of the PGB-CNT1 complex induce slight structural changes in its fragment of crystallizable receptor (FCR). Dissimilar structural changes induced in the PGB-CNT complexes are possibly related to various characteristics of the PGB binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Bagher Ebrahim-Habibi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghobeh
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hashem Rafii-Tabar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Pezhman Sasanpour
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Nanoscience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.
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Fernandes RMF, Dai J, Regev O, Marques EF, Furó I. Block Copolymers as Dispersants for Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Modes of Surface Attachment and Role of Block Polydispersity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:13672-13679. [PMID: 30335395 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When using amphiphilic polymers to exfoliate and disperse carbon nanotubes in water, the balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties is critical and nontrivial. Here, we investigate the mode of surface attachment of a triblock copolymer, Pluronics F127, composed of a central hydrophobic polypropylene oxide block flanked by hydrophilic polyethylene oxide blocks, onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Crucially, we analyze the composition in dispersant of both the as-obtained dispersion (the supernatant) and the precipitate-containing undispersed materials. For this, we combine the carefully obtained data from 1H NMR peak intensities and self-diffusion and thermogravimetric analysis. The molecular motions behind the observed NMR features are clarified. We find that the hydrophobic blocks attach to the dispersed SWNT surface and remain significantly immobilized leading to 1H NMR signal loss. On the other hand, the hydrophilic blocks remain highly mobile and thus readily detectable by NMR. The dispersant is shown to possess significant block polydispersity that has a large effect on dispersibility. Polymers with large hydrophobic blocks adsorb on the surface of the carbonaceous particles that precipitate, indicating that although a larger hydrophobic block is good for enhancing adsorption, it may be less effective in dispersing the tubes. A model is also proposed that consistently explains our observations in SWNT dispersions and some contradicting findings obtained previously in carbon nanohorn dispersions. Overall, our findings help elucidating the molecular picture of the dispersion process for SWNTs and are of interest when looking for more effective (i.e., well-balanced) polymeric dispersants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo M F Fernandes
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , P-4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Jing Dai
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Oren Regev
- Department of Chemical Engineering and the Ilse Katz Institute for Nanotechnology , Ben-Gurion University of Negev , 84105 Beer-Sheva , Israel
| | - Eduardo F Marques
- CIQUP, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , P-4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - István Furó
- Division of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , SE-10044 Stockholm , Sweden
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Bologna F, Mattioli EJ, Bottoni A, Zerbetto F, Calvaresi M. Interactions between Endohedral Metallofullerenes and Proteins: The Gd@C 60-Lysozyme Model. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:13782-13789. [PMID: 31458078 PMCID: PMC6644377 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have great potential as radioisotope carriers for nuclear medicine and as contrast agents for X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. EMFs have still important restrictions for their use due to low solubility in physiological environments, low biocompatibility, nonspecific cellular uptake, and a strong dependence of their peculiar properties on physiological parameters, such as pH and salt content. Conjugation of the EMFs with proteins can overcome many of these limitations. Here we investigated the thermodynamics of binding of a model EMF (Gd@C60) with a protein (lysozyme) that is known to act as a host for the empty fullerene. As a rule, even if the shape of an EMF is exactly the same as that of the related fullerene, the interactions with a protein are significantly different. The estimated interaction energy (ΔG binding) between Gd@C60 and lysozyme is -18.7 kcal mol-1, suggesting the possibility of using proteins as supramolecular carriers for EMFs. π-π stacking, hydrophobic interactions, surfactant-like interactions, and electrostatic interactions govern the formation of the hybrid between Gd@C60 and lysozyme. The comparison of the energy contributions to the binding between C60 or Gd@C60 and lysozyme suggests that, although shape complementarity remains the driving force of the binding, the presence of electron transfer from the gadolinium atom to the carbon cage induces a charge distribution on the fullerene cage that strongly affects its interaction with the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bologna
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Edoardo Jun Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Zerbetto
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Calvaresi
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo
Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università
di Bologna, via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Nicoletti M, Capodanno C, Gambarotti C, Fasoli E. Proteomic investigation on bio-corona of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2293-2303. [PMID: 30048739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of bio-corona, due to adsorption of biomolecules onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs) surface in a physiological environment, may lead to a modified biological "identity" of CNTs, contributing to determination of their biocompatibility and toxicity. METHODS Multi-walled carbon nanotubes surfaces (f-MWCNTs) were modified attaching acid and basic chemical functions such as carboxyl (MWCNTs-COOH) and ammonium (MWCNTs-N) groups respectively. The investigation of interactions between f-MWCNTs and proteins present in biological fluids, like human plasma, was performed by electrophoretic separation (SDS-PAGE) and mass spectrometry analysis (nLC-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 52 validated proteins was identified after incubation of f-MWCNTs in human plasma. 86% of them was present in bio-coronas formed on the surface of all f-MWCNTs and 29% has specifically interacted with only one type of f-MWCNTs. CONCLUSIONS The evaluation of proteins primary structures, present in all bio-coronas, did not highlight any correlation between the chemical functionalization on MWCNTs and the content of acid, basic and hydrophobic amino acids. Despite this, many proteins of bio-corona, formed on all f-MWCNTs, were involved in the inhibitor activity of serine- or cysteine- endopeptidases, a molecular function completely unrevealed in the human plasma as control. Finally, the interaction with immune system's proteins and apolipoproteins has suggested a possible biocompatibility and a favored bio-distribution of tested f-MWCNTs. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Considering the great potential of CNTs in the nanomedicine, a specific chemical functionalization onto MWCNTs surface could control the protein corona formation and the biocompatibility of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicoletti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Capodanno
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Gambarotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fasoli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131 Milan, Italy.
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The potential impact of carboxylic-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes on trypsin: A Comprehensive spectroscopic and molecular dynamics simulation study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198519. [PMID: 29856868 PMCID: PMC5983559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we report a detailed experimental, binding free energy calculation and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation investigation of the interactions of carboxylic-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-f-MWCNTs) with porcine trypsin (pTry). The enzyme exhibits decreased thermostability at 330K in the presence of COOH-f-MWCNTs. Furthermore, the activity of pTry also decreases in the presence of COOH-f-MWCNTs. The restricted diffusion of the substrate to the active site of the enzyme was observed in the experiment. The MD simulation analysis suggested that this could be because of the blocking of the S1 pocket of pTry, which plays a vital role in the substrate selectivity. The intrinsic fluorescence of pTry is quenched with increase in the COOH-f-MWCNTs concentration. Circular dichroism (CD) and UV–visible absorption spectroscopies indicate the ability of COOH-f-MWCNTs to experience conformational change in the native structure of the enzyme. The binding free energy calculations also show that electrostatics, π-cation, and π-π stacking interactions play important roles in the binding of the carboxylated CNTs with pTry. The MD simulation results demonstrated that the carboxylated CNTs adsorb to the enzyme stronger than the CNT without the–COOH groups. Our observations can provide an example of the nanoscale toxicity of COOH-f-MWCNTs for proteins, which is a critical issue for in vivo application of COOH-f-MWCNTs.
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Davis TA, Holland LA. Peptide Probe for Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes: Electrophoretic Assessment of the Binding Interface and Evaluation of Surface Functionalization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:11311-11318. [PMID: 29468871 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions of peptides and proteins with carbon nanotubes play a key role in sensing, dispersion, and biocompatibility. Advances in these areas require that the forces which contribute to physical adsorption are understood in order that the carbon nanotubes present a degree of functionalization appropriate to the desired application. Affinity analyses of peptides are employed to evaluate the role of tryptophan and arginine residues in physical adsorption to carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Peptides containing arginine and tryptophan, WR(W) n, are used with affinity capillary electrophoresis to identify factors that lead to the formation of peptide-carbon nanotube complexes. The effects of changing the amino acid composition and residue length are evaluated by measuring dissociation constants. Electrostatic interactions contribute significantly to complexation, with the strongest interaction observed using the peptide WRWWWW and carboxylated carbon nanotube. Stronger interaction is observed when the tryptophan content is successively increased as follows: WR(W)4 > WR(W)3 > WR(W)2 > WRW > WR. However, as observed with polytryptophan (W5, W4, W3, and W2), removing the arginine residue significantly reduces the interaction with carbon nanotubes. Increasing the arginine content to WRWWRW does not improve binding, whereas replacing the arginine residue in WRWWWW with lysine (WKWWWW) reveals that lysine also contributes to surface adsorption, but not as effectively as arginine. These observations are used to guide a search of the primary sequence of lysozyme to identify short regions in the peptide that contain a single cationic residue and two aromatic residues. One candidate peptide sequence (WMCLAKW) from this search is analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. The dissociation constant of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes is measured for the peptide, WMCLAKW, to demonstrate the utility of affinity capillary electrophoresis analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A Davis
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
| | - Lisa A Holland
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry , West Virginia University , Morgantown , West Virginia 26506 , United States
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Grabill L, Riemann A. Conformational Impact on Amino Acid-Surface π–π Interactions on a (7,7) Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube: A Molecular Mechanics Approach. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:1713-1726. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b11716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linda Grabill
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
| | - Andreas Riemann
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics & Astronomy, Western Washington University, 516 High Street, Bellingham, Washington 98225, United States
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Mezni A, Saber NB, Alhadhrami A, Gobouri A, Aldalbahi A, Hay S, Santos A, Losic D, Altalhi T. Highly biocompatible carbon nanocapsules derived from plastic waste for advanced cancer therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2017.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Savastano M, Arranz-Mascarós P, Bazzicalupi C, Clares MP, Godino-Salido ML, Gutiérrez-Valero MD, Inclán M, Bianchi A, García-España E, López-Garzón R. Construction of green nanostructured heterogeneous catalysts via non-covalent surface decoration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with Pd(II) complexes of azamacrocycles. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Understanding the interactions of human follicle stimulating hormone with single-walled carbon nanotubes by molecular dynamics simulation and free energy analysis. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1228-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Saint-Cricq M, Carrete J, Gaboriaud C, Gravel E, Doris E, Thielens N, Mingo N, Ling WL. Human Immune Protein C1q Selectively Disaggregates Carbon Nanotubes. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:3409-3415. [PMID: 28530824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We atomistically compute the change in free energy upon binding of the globular domain of the complement protein C1q to carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene in solution. Our modeling results imply that C1q is able to disaggregate and disperse bundles of large diameter multiwalled CNTs but not those of thin single-walled CNTs, and we validate this prediction with experimental observations. The results support the view of a strong binding with potential implications for the understanding of the immune response and biomedical applications of graphitic nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Saint-Cricq
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA LITEN , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J Carrete
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA LITEN , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - C Gaboriaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - E Gravel
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Doris
- Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage (SCBM), CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Thielens
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - N Mingo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA LITEN , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - W L Ling
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS , F-38000 Grenoble, France
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46
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Garriga R, Jurewicz I, Seyedin S, Bardi N, Totti S, Matta-Domjan B, Velliou EG, Alkhorayef MA, Cebolla VL, Razal JM, Dalton AB, Muñoz E. Multifunctional, biocompatible and pH-responsive carbon nanotube- and graphene oxide/tectomer hybrid composites and coatings. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:7791-7804. [PMID: 28186213 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we present a route for non-covalent functionalization of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide with novel two-dimensional peptide assemblies. We show that self-assembled amino-terminated biantennary and tetraantennary oligoglycine peptides (referred to as tectomers) effectively coat carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and also strongly interact with graphene oxide due to electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding as the driving force, respectively. The resulting hybrids can be made into free-standing conducting composites or applied in the form of thin, pH-switchable bioadhesive coatings onto graphene oxide fibers. Monitoring of cell viability of pancreatic cell lines, seeded on those CNT hybrids, show that they can be used as two- and three-dimensional scaffolds to tissue engineer tumour models for studying ex vivo the tumour development and response to treatment. This highly versatile method in producing pH-responsive hybrids and coatings offers an attractive platform for a variety of biomedical applications and for the development of functional materials such as smart textiles, sensors and bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Garriga
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Antonucci A, Kupis-Rozmysłowicz J, Boghossian AA. Noncovalent Protein and Peptide Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Biodelivery and Optical Sensing Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:11321-11331. [PMID: 28299937 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The exquisite structural and optical characteristics of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), combined with the tunable specificities of proteins and peptides, can be exploited to strongly benefit technologies with applications in fields ranging from biomedicine to industrial biocatalysis. The key to exploiting the synergism of these materials is designing protein/peptide-SWCNT conjugation schemes that preserve biomolecule activity while keeping the near-infrared optical and electronic properties of SWCNTs intact. Since sp2 bond-breaking disrupts the optoelectronic properties of SWCNTs, noncovalent conjugation strategies are needed to interface biomolecules to the nanotube surface for optical biosensing and delivery applications. An underlying understanding of the forces contributing to protein and peptide interaction with the nanotube is thus necessary to identify the appropriate conjugation design rules for specific applications. This article explores the molecular interactions that govern the adsorption of peptides and proteins on SWCNT surfaces, elucidating contributions from individual amino acids as well as secondary and tertiary protein structure and conformation. Various noncovalent conjugation strategies for immobilizing peptides, homopolypeptides, and soluble and membrane proteins on SWCNT surfaces are presented, highlighting studies focused on developing near-infrared optical sensors and molecular scaffolds for self-assembly and biochemical analysis. The analysis presented herein suggests that though direct adsorption of proteins and peptides onto SWCNTs can be principally applied to drug and gene delivery, in vivo imaging and targeting, or cancer therapy, nondirect conjugation strategies using artificial or natural membranes, polymers, or linker molecules are often better suited for biosensing applications that require conservation of biomolecular functionality or precise control of the biomolecule's orientation. These design rules are intended to provide the reader with a rational approach to engineering biomolecule-SWCNT platforms, broadening the breadth and accessibility of both wild-type and engineered biomolecules for SWCNT-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Antonucci
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justyna Kupis-Rozmysłowicz
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ardemis A Boghossian
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering (ISIC), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
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48
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Emadi F, Amini A, Gholami A, Ghasemi Y. Functionalized Graphene Oxide with Chitosan for Protein Nanocarriers to Protect against Enzymatic Cleavage and Retain Collagenase Activity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42258. [PMID: 28186169 PMCID: PMC5301474 DOI: 10.1038/srep42258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins have short half-life because of enzymatic cleavage. Here, a new protein nanocarrier made of graphene oxide (GO) + Chitosan (CS) is proposed to successfully prevent proteolysis in protein and simultaneously retain its activity. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and collagenase were loaded on GO and GO-CS to explore the stability and activity of proteins. SEM, AFM, TEM, DSC, UV-Vis, FT-IR, RBS, Raman, SDS-PAGE and zymography were utilized as characterization techniques. The protecting role of GO and GO-CS against enzymatic cleavage was probed by protease digestion analysis on BSA, where the protease solution was introduced to GO-BSA and GO-CS-BSA at 37 °C for 0.5-1-3-6 hours. Characterizations showed the successful synthesis of few layers of GO and the coverage by CS. According to gelatin zymographic analysis, the loaded collagenase on GO and GO-CS lysed the gelatin and created non-staining bands which confirmed the activity of loaded collagenase. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed no significant change in the intact protein in the GO-BSA and GO-CS-BSA solution after 30-minute and 1-hour exposure to protease; however, free BSA was completely digested after 1 hour. After 6 hours, intact proteins were detected in GO-BSA and GO-CS-BSA solutions, while no intact protein was detected in the free BSA solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Emadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz PO Box 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Abbas Amini
- Center for Infrastructure Engineering, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz PO Box 71468-64685, Iran
| | - Younes Ghasemi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz PO Box 71468-64685, Iran
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49
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Yüce M, Kurt H. How to make nanobiosensors: surface modification and characterisation of nanomaterials for biosensing applications. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10479k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This report aims to provide the audience with a guideline for construction and characterisation of nanobiosensors that are based on widely used affinity probes including antibodies and aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral Yüce
- Sabanci University
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre
- Istanbul
- Turkey
| | - Hasan Kurt
- Istanbul Medipol University
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences
- Istanbul
- Turkey
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50
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Defteralı Ç, Verdejo R, Majeed S, Boschetti-de-Fierro A, Méndez-Gómez HR, Díaz-Guerra E, Fierro D, Buhr K, Abetz C, Martínez-Murillo R, Vuluga D, Alexandre M, Thomassin JM, Detrembleur C, Jérôme C, Abetz V, López-Manchado MÁ, Vicario-Abejón C. In Vitro Evaluation of Biocompatibility of Uncoated Thermally Reduced Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-Loaded PVDF Membranes with Adult Neural Stem Cell-Derived Neurons and Glia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2016; 4:94. [PMID: 27999773 PMCID: PMC5138223 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2016.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene, graphene-based nanomaterials (GBNs), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are being investigated as potential substrates for the growth of neural cells. However, in most in vitro studies, the cells were seeded on these materials coated with various proteins implying that the observed effects on the cells could not solely be attributed to the GBN and CNT properties. Here, we studied the biocompatibility of uncoated thermally reduced graphene (TRG) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes loaded with multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) using neural stem cells isolated from the adult mouse olfactory bulb (termed aOBSCs). When aOBSCs were induced to differentiate on coverslips treated with TRG or control materials (polyethyleneimine-PEI and polyornithine plus fibronectin-PLO/F) in a serum-free medium, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes were generated in all conditions, indicating that TRG permits the multi-lineage differentiation of aOBSCs. However, the total number of cells was reduced on both PEI and TRG. In a serum-containing medium, aOBSC-derived neurons and oligodendrocytes grown on TRG were more numerous than in controls; the neurons developed synaptic boutons and oligodendrocytes were more branched. In contrast, neurons growing on PVDF membranes had reduced neurite branching, and on MWCNTs-loaded membranes oligodendrocytes were lower in numbers than in controls. Overall, these findings indicate that uncoated TRG may be biocompatible with the generation, differentiation, and maturation of aOBSC-derived neurons and glial cells, implying a potential use for TRG to study functional neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağla Defteralı
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Verdejo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Shahid Majeed
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Adriana Boschetti-de-Fierro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Héctor R. Méndez-Gómez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Díaz-Guerra
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fierro
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Kristian Buhr
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Clarissa Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Daniela Vuluga
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michaël Alexandre
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Thomassin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christine Jérôme
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Volker Abetz
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Institut für Polymerforschung, Geesthacht, Germany
| | | | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IC-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED-ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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