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Stilgoe A, Favre-Bulle IA, Watson ML, Gomez-Godinez V, Berns MW, Preece D, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Shining Light in Mechanobiology: Optical Tweezers, Scissors, and Beyond. ACS PHOTONICS 2024; 11:917-940. [PMID: 38523746 PMCID: PMC10958612 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.4c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Mechanobiology helps us to decipher cell and tissue functions by looking at changes in their mechanical properties that contribute to development, cell differentiation, physiology, and disease. Mechanobiology sits at the interface of biology, physics and engineering. One of the key technologies that enables characterization of properties of cells and tissue is microscopy. Combining microscopy with other quantitative measurement techniques such as optical tweezers and scissors, gives a very powerful tool for unraveling the intricacies of mechanobiology enabling measurement of forces, torques and displacements at play. We review the field of some light based studies of mechanobiology and optical detection of signal transduction ranging from optical micromanipulation-optical tweezers and scissors, advanced fluorescence techniques and optogenentics. In the current perspective paper, we concentrate our efforts on elucidating interesting measurements of forces, torques, positions, viscoelastic properties, and optogenetics inside and outside a cell attained when using structured light in combination with optical tweezers and scissors. We give perspective on the field concentrating on the use of structured light in imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors pointing out how novel developments in quantum imaging in combination with tweezers and scissors can bring to this fast growing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Stilgoe
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Itia A. Favre-Bulle
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- Queensland
Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Mark L. Watson
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
| | - Veronica Gomez-Godinez
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael W. Berns
- Institute
of Engineering and Medicine, University
of California San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Daryl Preece
- Beckman
Laser Institute, University of California
Irvine, Irvine, California 92612, United States
| | - Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop
- School of
Mathematics and Physics, The University
of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE for Engineered Quantum Systems, The
University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4074, Australia
- ARC
CoE in Quantum Biotechnology, The University
of Queensland, 4074, Brisbane, Australia
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2
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Jiang C, Wang Y, Dong T, Li D, Yan B, Chen P, Shao K, Wang X, Wang Z. Completely non-invasive cell manipulation in lens-integrated microfluidic devices by single-fiber optical tweezers. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:2130-2133. [PMID: 37058659 DOI: 10.1364/ol.486264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In a fiber-based optical tweezer system, it is a common practice to insert the fiber probe into the sample solution to perform the tweezer function. Such a configuration of the fiber probe may lead to unwanted contamination and/or damage to the sample system and is thus potentially invasive. Here, we propose a completely non-invasive method for cell manipulation by combining a microcapillary microfluidic device and an optical fiber tweezer. We demonstrate that Chlorella cells inside the microcapillary channel can be successfully trapped and manipulated by an optical fiber probe located outside of the microcapillary, thus making the process completely non-invasive. The fiber does not even invade the sample solution. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a method. The speed of stable manipulation can reach the 7 µm/s scale. We found that the curved walls of the microcapillaries worked like a lens, which helped to boost the light focusing and trapping efficiency. Numerical simulation of optical forces under medium settings reveals that the optical forces can be enhanced by up to 1.44 times, and the optical forces can change direction under certain conditions.
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3
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Nawaz AA, Soteriou D, Xu CK, Goswami R, Herbig M, Guck J, Girardo S. Image-based cell sorting using focused travelling surface acoustic waves. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:372-387. [PMID: 36620943 PMCID: PMC9844123 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00636g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sorting cells is an essential primary step in many biological and clinical applications such as high-throughput drug screening, cancer research and cell transplantation. Cell sorting based on their mechanical properties has long been considered as a promising label-free biomarker that could revolutionize the isolation of cells from heterogeneous populations. Recent advances in microfluidic image-based cell analysis combined with subsequent label-free sorting by on-chip actuators demonstrated the possibility of sorting cells based on their physical properties. However, the high purity of sorting is achieved at the expense of a sorting rate that lags behind the analysis throughput. Furthermore, stable and reliable system operation is an important feature in enabling the sorting of small cell fractions from a concentrated heterogeneous population. Here, we present a label-free cell sorting method, based on the use of focused travelling surface acoustic wave (FTSAW) in combination with real-time deformability cytometry (RT-DC). We demonstrate the flexibility and applicability of the method by sorting distinct blood cell types, cell lines and particles based on different physical parameters. Finally, we present a new strategy to sort cells based on their mechanical properties. Our system enables the sorting of up to 400 particles per s. Sorting is therefore possible at high cell concentrations (up to 36 million per ml) while retaining high purity (>92%) for cells with diverse sizes and mechanical properties moving in a highly viscous buffer. Sorting of small cell fraction from a heterogeneous population prepared by processing of small sample volume (10 μl) is also possible and here demonstrated by the 667-fold enrichment of white blood cells (WBCs) from raw diluted whole blood in a continuous 10-hour sorting experiment. The real-time analysis of multiple parameters together with the high sensitivity and high-throughput of our method thus enables new biological and therapeutic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ahsan Nawaz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Despina Soteriou
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Catherine K Xu
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Ruchi Goswami
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Maik Herbig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Salvatore Girardo
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
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Chen Y, Guo K, Jiang L, Zhu S, Ni Z, Xiang N. Microfluidic deformability cytometry: A review. Talanta 2022; 251:123815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Bett F, Brown S, Dong A, Christian M, Ajala S, Santiago K, Albin S, Marz A, Deo M. Optical Deformation of Biological Cells using Dual-Beam Laser Tweezer. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2022; 2022:17-20. [PMID: 36085603 DOI: 10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical tweezer is a non-contact tool to trap and manipulate microparticles such as biological cells using coherent light beams. In this study, we utilized a dual-beam optical tweezer, created using two counterpropagating and slightly divergent laser beams to trap and deform biological cells. Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) and breast cancer (SKBR3) cells were used to characterize their membrane elasticity by optically stretching in the dual-beam optical tweezer. It was observed that the extent of deformation in both cell types increases with increasing optical trapping power. The SKBR3 cells exhibited greater percentage deformation than that of HEK-293 cells for a given trapping power. Our results demonstrate that the dual-beam optical tweezer provides measures of cell elasticity that can distinguish between various cell types. The non-contact optical cell stretching can be effectively utilized in disease diagnosis such as cancer based on the cell elasticity measures.
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Choi G, Tang Z, Guan W. Microfluidic high-throughput single-cell mechanotyping: Devices and
applications. NANOTECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1063/10.0006042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Zifan Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
USA
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Runel G, Lopez-Ramirez N, Chlasta J, Masse I. Biomechanical Properties of Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040887. [PMID: 33924659 PMCID: PMC8069788 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the crucial role of the microenvironment has been highlighted, many studies have been focused on the role of biomechanics in cancer cell growth and the invasion of the surrounding environment. Despite the search in recent years for molecular biomarkers to try to classify and stratify cancers, much effort needs to be made to take account of morphological and nanomechanical parameters that could provide supplementary information concerning tissue complexity adaptation during cancer development. The biomechanical properties of cancer cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix have actually been proposed as promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The present review first describes the main methods used to study the mechanical properties of cancer cells. Then, we address the nanomechanical description of cultured cancer cells and the crucial role of the cytoskeleton for biomechanics linked with cell morphology. Finally, we depict how studying interaction of tumor cells with their surrounding microenvironment is crucial to integrating biomechanical properties in our understanding of tumor growth and local invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Runel
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5286, INSREM U1052, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- BioMeca, F-69008 Lyon, France;
| | - Noémie Lopez-Ramirez
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5286, INSREM U1052, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
| | | | - Ingrid Masse
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, CNRS-UMR5286, INSREM U1052, Université de Lyon, F-69008 Lyon, France; (G.R.); (N.L.-R.)
- Correspondence:
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9
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Hao Y, Cheng S, Tanaka Y, Hosokawa Y, Yalikun Y, Li M. Mechanical properties of single cells: Measurement methods and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 45:107648. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Gensbittel V, Kräter M, Harlepp S, Busnelli I, Guck J, Goetz JG. Mechanical Adaptability of Tumor Cells in Metastasis. Dev Cell 2020; 56:164-179. [PMID: 33238151 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The most dangerous aspect of cancer lies in metastatic progression. Tumor cells will successfully form life-threatening metastases when they undergo sequential steps along a journey from the primary tumor to distant organs. From a biomechanics standpoint, growth, invasion, intravasation, circulation, arrest/adhesion, and extravasation of tumor cells demand particular cell-mechanical properties in order to survive and complete the metastatic cascade. With metastatic cells usually being softer than their non-malignant counterparts, high deformability for both the cell and its nucleus is thought to offer a significant advantage for metastatic potential. However, it is still unclear whether there is a finely tuned but fixed mechanical state that accommodates all mechanical features required for survival throughout the cascade or whether tumor cells need to dynamically refine their properties and intracellular components at each new step encountered. Here, we review the various mechanical requirements successful cancer cells might need to fulfill along their journey and speculate on the possibility that they dynamically adapt their properties accordingly. The mechanical signature of a successful cancer cell might actually be its ability to adapt to the successive microenvironmental constraints along the different steps of the journey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Gensbittel
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Martin Kräter
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sébastien Harlepp
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Ignacio Busnelli
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Jochen Guck
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light & Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Jacky G Goetz
- INSERM UMR_S1109, Tumor Biomechanics, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Strasbourg, France.
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11
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Bashant KR, Toepfner N, Day CJ, Mehta NN, Kaplan MJ, Summers C, Guck J, Chilvers ER. The mechanics of myeloid cells. Biol Cell 2020; 112:103-112. [DOI: 10.1111/boc.201900084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen R Bashant
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- Systemic Autoimmunity BranchNational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Nicole Toepfner
- Center for Molecular and Cellular BioengineeringBiotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of PediatricsUniversity Clinic Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | | | - Nehal N Mehta
- National Heart Lung and Blood InstituteNational Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Mariana J Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity BranchNational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin DiseasesNational Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland USA
| | | | - Jochen Guck
- Max‐Planck‐Institut für die Physik des Lichts & Max‐Planck‐Zentrum für Physik und Medizin Erlangen Germany
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12
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Yao Z, Kwan CC, Poon AW. An optofluidic "tweeze-and-drag" cell stretcher in a microfluidic channel. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:601-613. [PMID: 31909404 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01026b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of biological cells are utilized as an inherent, label-free biomarker to indicate physiological and pathological changes of cells. Although various optical and microfluidic techniques have been developed for cell mechanical characterization, there is still a strong demand for non-contact and continuous methods. Here, by combining optical and microfluidic techniques in a single desktop platform, we demonstrate an optofluidic cell stretcher based on a "tweeze-and-drag" mechanism using a periodically chopped, tightly focused laser beam as an optical tweezer to trap a cell temporarily and a flow-induced drag force to stretch the cell in a microfluidic channel transverse to the tweezer. Our method leverages the advantages of non-contact optical forces and a microfluidic flow for both cell stretching and continuous cell delivery. We demonstrate the stretcher for mechanical characterization of rabbit red blood cells (RBCs), with a throughput of ∼1 cell per s at a flow rate of 2.5 μl h-1 at a continuous-wave laser power of ∼25 mW at a wavelength of 1064 nm (chopped at 2 Hz). We estimate the spring constant of RBCs to be ∼14.9 μN m-1. Using the stretcher, we distinguish healthy RBCs and RBCs treated with glutaraldehyde at concentrations of 5 × 10-4% to 2.5 × 10-3%, with a strain-to-concentration sensitivity of ∼-1529. By increasing the optical power to ∼45 mW, we demonstrate cell-stretching under a higher flow rate of 4 μl h-1, with a higher throughput of ∼1.5 cells per s and a higher sensitivity of ∼-2457. Our technique shows promise for applications in the fields of healthcare monitoring and biomechanical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanshi Yao
- Photonic Device Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Ching Chi Kwan
- Photonic Device Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Andrew W Poon
- Photonic Device Laboratory, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Tavakoli H, Zhou W, Ma L, Perez S, Ibarra A, Xu F, Zhan S, Li X. Recent advances in microfluidic platforms for single-cell analysis in cancer biology, diagnosis and therapy. Trends Analyt Chem 2019; 117:13-26. [PMID: 32831435 PMCID: PMC7434086 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding molecular, cellular, genetic and functional heterogeneity of tumors at the single-cell level has become a major challenge for cancer research. The microfluidic technique has emerged as an important tool that offers advantages in analyzing single-cells with the capability to integrate time-consuming and labour-intensive experimental procedures such as single-cell capture into a single microdevice at ease and in a high-throughput fashion. Single-cell manipulation and analysis can be implemented within a multi-functional microfluidic device for various applications in cancer research. Here, we present recent advances of microfluidic devices for single-cell analysis pertaining to cancer biology, diagnostics, and therapeutics. We first concisely introduce various microfluidic platforms used for single-cell analysis, followed with different microfluidic techniques for single-cell manipulation. Then, we highlight their various applications in cancer research, with an emphasis on cancer biology, diagnosis, and therapy. Current limitations and prospective trends of microfluidic single-cell analysis are discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Tavakoli
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Wan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Stefani Perez
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Andrea Ibarra
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center,
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Sihui Zhan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
| | - XiuJun Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai
University, Tianjin 300071, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of
Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, Border Biomedical Research Center,
Environmental Science & Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West
University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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Tatsumi K, Kawano K, Shintani H, Nakabe K. Particle Timing Control and Alignment in Microchannel Flow by Applying Periodic Force Control Using Dielectrophoretic Force. Anal Chem 2019; 91:6462-6470. [PMID: 30933475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a technique for particle streamwise timing, spacing and velocity control (alignment) in microchannel flow by controlling the forces exerted on the particle in space and time, was developed. In the present technique, the timing of particles crossing a certain position in microchannel flow with a specific interval and the particle velocity are controlled by applying acceleration and deceleration forces periodically in the streamwise direction and activating them periodically. The force is produced by a dielectrophoretic force using ladder-type electrodes embedded in the microfluidic device and is turned on and off in a cycle. The timing of particles crossing a certain position can be changed by adjusting the phase of the on-off cycle, i.e., the phase of the voltage signal. In the experiment, timing and velocity were measured at the inlet and outlet of ladder-type regions for Jurkat cells and particles of some variation in size, and probability density functions for the deviation of these values from the equilibrium (aligned) state were evaluated. Further, we will discuss the motion characteristics of the particles numerically and experimentally to understand the mechanism and evaluate the performance of the particle timing control and alignment using the present technique. The results confirm that the particles randomly distributed at the inlet of ladder-type electrode regions are controlled to flow with even spacing at a specific velocity. Moreover, the timing of the particles passing a specific location in the ladder-type electrode region was synchronized with the activated/nonactivated cycle of the applied force and could be specified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Tatsumi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science , Kyoto University , Kyotodaigakukatsura, Kyoto , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Koki Kawano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science , Kyoto University , Kyotodaigakukatsura, Kyoto , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Hiromichi Shintani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science , Kyoto University , Kyotodaigakukatsura, Kyoto , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Nakabe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science , Kyoto University , Kyotodaigakukatsura, Kyoto , Kyoto 615-8540 , Japan
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15
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Paiè P, Zandrini T, Vázquez RM, Osellame R, Bragheri F. Particle Manipulation by Optical Forces in Microfluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E200. [PMID: 30424133 PMCID: PMC6187572 DOI: 10.3390/mi9050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Ashkin and coworkers, back in 1970, optical manipulation gained an increasing interest among the scientific community. Indeed, the advantages and the possibilities of this technique are unsubtle, allowing for the manipulation of small particles with a broad spectrum of dimensions (nanometers to micrometers size), with no physical contact and without affecting the sample viability. Thus, optical manipulation rapidly found a large set of applications in different fields, such as cell biology, biophysics, and genetics. Moreover, large benefits followed the combination of optical manipulation and microfluidic channels, adding to optical manipulation the advantages of microfluidics, such as a continuous sample replacement and therefore high throughput and automatic sample processing. In this work, we will discuss the state of the art of these optofluidic devices, where optical manipulation is used in combination with microfluidic devices. We will distinguish on the optical method implemented and three main categories will be presented and explored: (i) a single highly focused beam used to manipulate the sample, (ii) one or more diverging beams imping on the sample, or (iii) evanescent wave based manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Paiè
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Rebeca Martínez Vázquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnlogie IFN-CNR, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
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16
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Ekpenyong AE, Toepfner N, Fiddler C, Herbig M, Li W, Cojoc G, Summers C, Guck J, Chilvers ER. Mechanical deformation induces depolarization of neutrophils. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602536. [PMID: 28630905 PMCID: PMC5470826 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The transition of neutrophils from a resting state to a primed state is an essential requirement for their function as competent immune cells. This transition can be caused not only by chemical signals but also by mechanical perturbation. After cessation of either, these cells gradually revert to a quiescent state over 40 to 120 min. We use two biophysical tools, an optical stretcher and a novel microcirculation mimetic, to effect physiologically relevant mechanical deformations of single nonadherent human neutrophils. We establish quantitative morphological analysis and mechanical phenotyping as label-free markers of neutrophil priming. We show that continued mechanical deformation of primed cells can cause active depolarization, which occurs two orders of magnitude faster than by spontaneous depriming. This work provides a cellular-level mechanism that potentially explains recent clinical studies demonstrating the potential importance, and physiological role, of neutrophil depriming in vivo and the pathophysiological implications when this deactivation is impaired, especially in disorders such as acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Ekpenyong
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Nicole Toepfner
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Christine Fiddler
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Maik Herbig
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenhong Li
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gheorghe Cojoc
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Charlotte Summers
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jochen Guck
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Biotechnology Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| | - Edwin R. Chilvers
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s and Papworth Hospitals, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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17
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Zhang J, Nou XA, Kim H, Scarcelli G. Brillouin flow cytometry for label-free mechanical phenotyping of the nucleus. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:663-670. [PMID: 28102402 PMCID: PMC5310767 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of the nucleus are closely related to many cellular functions; thus, measuring nuclear mechanical properties is crucial to our understanding of cell biomechanics and could lead to intrinsic biophysical contrast mechanisms to classify cells. Although many technologies have been developed to characterize cell stiffness, they generally require contact with the cell and thus cannot provide direct information on nuclear mechanical properties. In this work, we developed a flow cytometry technique based on an all-optical measurement to measure nuclear mechanical properties by integrating Brillouin spectroscopy with microfluidics. Brillouin spectroscopy probes the mechanical properties of material via light scattering, so it is inherently label-free, non-contact, and non-invasive. Using a measuring beam spot of submicron size, we can measure several regions within each cell as they flow, which enables us to classify cell populations based on their nuclear mechanical signatures at a throughput of ∼200 cells per hour. We show that Brillouin cytometry has sufficient sensitivity to detect physiologically-relevant changes in nuclear stiffness by probing the effect of drug-induced chromatin decondensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Xuefei A Nou
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
| | - Hanyoup Kim
- Canon U.S. Life Sciences, Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Suite C-120, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
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18
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Rinklin P, Krause HJ, Wolfrum B. On-chip electromagnetic tweezers - 3-dimensional particle actuation using microwire crossbar arrays. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4749-4758. [PMID: 27847939 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00887a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Emerging miniaturization technologies for biological and bioengineering applications require precise control over position and actuation of microparticles. While many of these applications call for high-throughput approaches, common tools for particle manipulation, such as magnetic or optical tweezers, suffer from low parallelizability. To address this issue, we introduce a chip-based platform that enables flexible three-dimensional control over individual magnetic microparticles. Our system relies on microwire crossbar arrays for simultaneous generation of magnetic and dielectric forces, which actuate the particles along highly localized traps. We demonstrate the precise spatiotemporal control of individual particles by tracing complex trajectories in three dimensions and investigate the forces that can be generated along different axes. Furthermore, we show that our approach for particle actuation can be parallelized by simultaneously controlling the position and movement of 16 particles in parallel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Rinklin
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8/PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Neuroelectronics, Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Krause
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8/PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wolfrum
- Institute of Bioelectronics (ICS-8/PGI-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany and Neuroelectronics, Munich School of Bioengineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 11, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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19
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Heida T, Neubauer JW, Seuss M, Hauck N, Thiele J, Fery A. Mechanically Defined Microgels by Droplet Microfluidics. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heida
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jens W. Neubauer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Maximilian Seuss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Nicolas Hauck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz Research Cluster (LRC); Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Julian Thiele
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz Research Cluster (LRC); Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics; Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Polymeric Materials; Technische Universität Dresden; Hohe Str. 6 01069 Dresden Germany
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20
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Patabadige DEW, Sadeghi J, Kalubowilage M, Bossmann SH, Culbertson AH, Latifi H, Culbertson CT. Integrating Optical Fiber Bridges in Microfluidic Devices to Create Multiple Excitation/Detection Points for Single Cell Analysis. Anal Chem 2016; 88:9920-9925. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damith E. W. Patabadige
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Jalal Sadeghi
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
- Laser
and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Madumali Kalubowilage
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Stefan H. Bossmann
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Anne H. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Hamid Latifi
- Laser
and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Evin, Tehran, 1983963113, Iran
| | - Christopher T. Culbertson
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, 1212 Mid-Campus Drive, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
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21
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Nyberg KD, Scott MB, Bruce SL, Gopinath AB, Bikos D, Mason TG, Kim JW, Choi HS, Rowat AC. The physical origins of transit time measurements for rapid, single cell mechanotyping. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3330-9. [PMID: 27435631 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00169f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical phenotype or 'mechanotype' of cells is emerging as a potential biomarker for cell types ranging from pluripotent stem cells to cancer cells. Using a microfluidic device, cell mechanotype can be rapidly analyzed by measuring the time required for cells to deform as they flow through constricted channels. While cells typically exhibit deformation timescales, or transit times, on the order of milliseconds to tens of seconds, transit times can span several orders of magnitude and vary from day to day within a population of single cells; this makes it challenging to characterize different cell samples based on transit time data. Here we investigate how variability in transit time measurements depends on both experimental factors and heterogeneity in physical properties across a population of single cells. We find that simultaneous transit events that occur across neighboring constrictions can alter transit time, but only significantly when more than 65% of channels in the parallel array are occluded. Variability in transit time measurements is also affected by the age of the device following plasma treatment, which could be attributed to changes in channel surface properties. We additionally investigate the role of variability in cell physical properties. Transit time depends on cell size; by binning transit time data for cells of similar diameters, we reduce measurement variability by 20%. To gain further insight into the effects of cell-to-cell differences in physical properties, we fabricate a panel of gel particles and oil droplets with tunable mechanical properties. We demonstrate that particles with homogeneous composition exhibit a marked reduction in transit time variability, suggesting that the width of transit time distributions reflects the degree of heterogeneity in subcellular structure and mechanical properties within a cell population. Our results also provide fundamental insight into the physical underpinnings of transit measurements: transit time depends strongly on particle elastic modulus, and weakly on viscosity and surface tension. Based on our findings, we present a comprehensive methodology for designing, analyzing, and reducing variability in transit time measurements; this should facilitate broader implementation of transit experiments for rapid mechanical phenotyping in basic research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra D Nyberg
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Michael B Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Samuel L Bruce
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Ajay B Gopinath
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Dimitri Bikos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Thomas G Mason
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jin Woong Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea and Department of Applied Chemistry, Hanyang University, Ansan, 426-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Sung Choi
- Shinsegae International Co. Ltd, Seoul, 135-954, Republic of Korea
| | - Amy C Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA. and Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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22
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Yang T, Bragheri F, Minzioni P. A Comprehensive Review of Optical Stretcher for Cell Mechanical Characterization at Single-Cell Level. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:E90. [PMID: 30404265 PMCID: PMC6189960 DOI: 10.3390/mi7050090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of the development of the optical stretcher, a powerful optofluidic device for single cell mechanical study by using optical force induced cell stretching. The different techniques and the different materials for the fabrication of the optical stretcher are first summarized. A short description of the optical-stretching mechanism is then given, highlighting the optical force calculation and the cell optical deformability characterization. Subsequently, the implementations of the optical stretcher in various cell-mechanics studies are shown on different types of cells. Afterwards, two new advancements on optical stretcher applications are also introduced: the active cell sorting based on cell mechanical characterization and the temperature effect on cell stretching measurement from laser-induced heating. Two examples of new functionalities developed with the optical stretcher are also included. Finally, the current major limitation and the future development possibilities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, CNR & Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano 20133, Italy.
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, Pavia 27100, Italy.
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23
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Yang T, Bragheri F, Nava G, Chiodi I, Mondello C, Osellame R, Berg-Sørensen K, Cristiani I, Minzioni P. A comprehensive strategy for the analysis of acoustic compressibility and optical deformability on single cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23946. [PMID: 27040456 PMCID: PMC4819226 DOI: 10.1038/srep23946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We realized an integrated microfluidic chip that allows measuring both optical deformability and acoustic compressibility on single cells, by optical stretching and acoustophoresis experiments respectively. Additionally, we propose a measurement protocol that allows evaluating the experimental apparatus parameters before performing the cell-characterization experiments, including a non-destructive method to characterize the optical force distribution inside the microchannel. The chip was used to study important cell-mechanics parameters in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF7 and MDA-MB231. Results indicate that MDA-MB231 has both higher acoustic compressibility and higher optical deformability than MCF7, but statistical analysis shows that optical deformability and acoustic compressibility are not correlated parameters. This result suggests the possibility to use them to analyze the response of different cellular structures. We also demonstrate that it is possible to perform both measurements on a single cell, and that the order of the two experiments does not affect the retrieved values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, CNR & Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza, Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nava
- Department of Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, Università di Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 91, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Ilaria Chiodi
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Chiara Mondello
- Institute of Molecular Genetics (IGM), CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnology, CNR & Department of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza, Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Cristiani
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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24
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Shaw Bagnall J, Byun S, Miyamoto DT, Kang JH, Maheswaran S, Stott SL, Toner M, Manalis SR. Deformability-based cell selection with downstream immunofluorescence analysis. Integr Biol (Camb) 2016; 8:654-64. [PMID: 26999591 DOI: 10.1039/c5ib00284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of single cells have been shown to relate to cell phenotype and malignancy. However, until recently, it has been difficult to directly correlate each cell's biophysical characteristics to its molecular traits. Here, we present a cell sorting technique for use with a suspended microchannel resonator (SMR), which can measure biophysical characteristics of a single cell based on the sensor's record of its buoyant mass as well as its precise position while it traverses through a constricted microfluidic channel. The measurement provides information regarding the amount of time a cell takes to pass through a constriction (passage time), as related to the cell's deformability and surface friction, as well as the particular manner in which it passes through. In the method presented here, cells of interest are determined based on passage time, and are collected off-chip for downstream immunofluorescence imaging. The biophysical single-cell SMR measurement can then be correlated to the molecular expression of the collected cell. This proof-of-principle is demonstrated by sorting and collecting tumor cells from cell line-spiked blood samples as well as a metastatic prostate cancer patient blood sample, identifying them by their surface protein expression and relating them to distinct SMR signal trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Shaw Bagnall
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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25
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Yang T, Nava G, Minzioni P, Veglione M, Bragheri F, Lelii FD, Vazquez RM, Osellame R, Cristiani I. Investigation of temperature effect on cell mechanics by optofluidic microchips. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:2991-2996. [PMID: 26309762 PMCID: PMC4541526 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.002991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we present the results of a study concerning the effect of temperature on cell mechanical properties. Two different optofluidic microchips with external temperature control are used to investigate the temperature-induced changes of highly metastatic human melanoma cells (A375MC2) in the range of ~0 - 35 °C. By means of an integrated optical stretcher, we observe that cells' optical deformability is strongly enhanced by increasing cell and buffer-fluid temperature. This finding is supported by the results obtained from a second device, which probes the cells' ability to be squeezed through a constriction. Measured data demonstrate a marked dependence of cell mechanical properties on temperature, thus highlighting the importance of including a proper temperature-control system in the experimental apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tie Yang
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Nava
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dip. Biotecnologie Mediche e Medicina Traslazionale, Università di Milano,Via F.lli Cervi 91, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Paolo Minzioni
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Veglione
- Istituto di Genetica Molecolare (IGM) – CNR, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Bragheri
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesca Demetra Lelii
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rebeca Martinez Vazquez
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie (IFN)-CNR,Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristiani
- Dip. Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Ferrata 5A, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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