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Du XY, Yang JY. Biomimetic microfluidic chips for toxicity assessment of environmental pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 919:170745. [PMID: 38340832 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Various types of pollutants widely present in environmental media, including synthetic and natural chemicals, physical pollutants such as radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays, and noise, as well as biological organisms, pose a huge threat to public health. Therefore, it is crucial to accurately and effectively explore the human physiological responses and toxicity mechanisms of pollutants to prevent diseases caused by pollutants. The emerging toxicological testing method biomimetic microfluidic chips (BMCs) exhibit great potential in environmental pollutant toxicity assessment due to their superior biomimetic properties. The BMCs are divided into cell-on-chips and organ-on-chips based on the distinctions in bionic simulation levels. Herein, we first summarize the characteristics, emergence and development history, composition and structure, and application fields of BMCs. Then, with a focus on the toxicity mechanisms of pollutants, we review the applications and advances of the BMCs in the toxicity assessment of physical, chemical, and biological pollutants, respectively, highlighting its potential and development prospects in environmental toxicology testing. Finally, the opportunities and challenges for further use of BMCs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Du
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Jin-Yan Yang
- College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China..
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Gradisteanu Pircalabioru G, Raileanu M, Dionisie MV, Lixandru-Petre IO, Iliescu C. Fast detection of bacterial gut pathogens on miniaturized devices: an overview. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:201-218. [PMID: 38347807 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2316756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gut microbes pose challenges like colon inflammation, deadly diarrhea, antimicrobial resistance dissemination, and chronic disease onset. Development of early, rapid and specific diagnosis tools is essential for improving infection control. Point-of-care testing (POCT) systems offer rapid, sensitive, low-cost and sample-to-answer methods for microbe detection from various clinical and environmental samples, bringing the advantages of portability, automation, and simple operation. AREAS COVERED Rapid detection of gut microbes can be done using a wide array of techniques including biosensors, immunological assays, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and molecular biology. Inclusion of Internet of Things, machine learning, and smartphone-based point-of-care applications is an important aspect of POCT. In this review, the authors discuss various fast diagnostic platforms for gut pathogens and their main challenges. EXPERT OPINION Developing effective assays for microbe detection can be complex. Assay design must consider factors like target selection, real-time and multiplex detection, sample type, reagent stability and storage, primer/probe design, and optimizing reaction conditions for accuracy and sensitivity. Mitigating these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration among scientists, clinicians, engineers, and industry partners. Future efforts are essential to enhance sensitivity, specificity, and versatility of POCT systems for gut microbe detection and quantification, advancing infectious disease diagnostics and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gratiela Gradisteanu Pircalabioru
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Division of Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences, The Research Institute of University of Bucharest (ICUB), Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mina Raileanu
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele, Romania
| | - Mihai Viorel Dionisie
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina-Oana Lixandru-Petre
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ciprian Iliescu
- eBio-hub Research Centre, National University of Science and Technology "Politehnica" Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Bucharest, Romania
- Microsystems in Biomedical and Environmental Applications, National Research and Development Institute for Microtechnology, Bucharest, Romania
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Madadelahi M, Agarwal R, Martinez-Chapa SO, Madou MJ. A roadmap to high-speed polymerase chain reaction (PCR): COVID-19 as a technology accelerator. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115830. [PMID: 38039729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The limit of detection (LOD), speed, and cost of crucial COVID-19 diagnostic tools, including lateral flow assays (LFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), and polymerase chain reactions (PCR), have all improved because of the financial and governmental support for the epidemic. The most notable improvement in overall efficiency among them has been seen with PCR. Its significance for human health increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, when it emerged as the commonly used approach for identifying the virus. However, because of problems with speed, complexity, and expense, PCR deployment in point-of-care settings continues to be difficult. Microfluidic platforms offer a promising solution by enabling the development of smaller, more affordable, and faster PCR systems. In this review, we delve into the engineering challenges associated with the advancement of high-speed microfluidic PCR equipment. We introduce criteria that facilitate the evaluation and comparison of factors such as speed, LOD, cycling efficiency, and multiplexing capacity, considering sample volume, fluidics, PCR reactor geometry and materials, as well as heating/cooling methods. We also provide a comprehensive list of commercially available PCR devices and conclude with projections and a discussion regarding the current obstacles that need to be addressed in order to progress further in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Rahul Agarwal
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico
| | | | - Marc J Madou
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico; Autonomous Medical Devices Incorporated (AMDI), Santa Ana, CA, 92704, USA.
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Lin S, Zhang X, Tian A, Wang P, Li Y, Shi C, Ma C, Fan Y. Boron nitride nanoplate-based strand exchange amplification with enhanced sensitivity and rapidity for quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus in food samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:892-898. [PMID: 38247331 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02076b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common foodborne pathogens that can cause serious food poisoning and infectious diseases in humans. Standard identification approaches include nucleic acid amplification, but current amplification tools suffer from low amplification efficiency, resulting in the risk of low sensitivity and long detection time. Herein, boron nitride nanoplates (BNNPs) were chosen as an additive for enhancing the sensitivity and rapidity of strand exchange amplification (SEA), thereby successfully expanding the application of nucleic acid detection for detecting Staphylococcus aureus in food samples. As a result, SEA based on boron nitride nanoplates (BNNP-SEA) was employed for sensitive and rapid detection of foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Compared with classical SEA, the BNNP-based SEA assay was more than 10-fold sensitive, and the detection time was reduced by 15 minutes. The optimized BNNP-based SEA shows a wide linear range from 40 pg to 50 ng in a diluted solution of the target DNA with a low detection limit of 40 pg. Moreover, the BNNP-based SEA achieves the quantitative detection of Staphylococcus aureus in different food samples (pork, beef, mutton, duck, milk and shrimp). In contrast to the classical SEA, the BNNP-based SEA method enabled sensitive and rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus in the above food samples at concentrations as low as 5 × 103 CFU mL-1. The BNNP-based SEA assay is specific, sensitive and reliable, offering a valuable diagnostic technology for routine analysis in food safety research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Lin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Xin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Anning Tian
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Pengyu Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yong Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Chao Shi
- Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Testing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base, College of Life Sciences, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Department of the Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Cuiping Ma
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yaofang Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Qingdao Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Nucleic Acid Rapid Detection, Sino-UAE International Cooperative Joint Laboratory of Pathogenic Microorganism Rapid Detection, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
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Shen H, Yang D, Li X, Ju H, Ge F, Yang X, Wang J, Xia L, Zhao H, Jiang P. Comparison of dye-based and probe-based RT-LAMP in detection of canine astrovirus. Arch Virol 2024; 169:21. [PMID: 38194148 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive assay is essential for reliable surveillance and diagnosis of canine astrovirus (CaAstV). In this study, two real-time reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays with high sensitivity, rapidity, and reliability were developed using fluorescence dye and FRET-based assimilating probes for real-time detection of CaAstV. These assays specifically amplified the ORF2 gene of CaAstV and did not amplify any sequences from canine enterovirus. The limit of detection (LOD) of both the probe-based and dye-based RT-LAMPs was 100 copies/μL. Fluorescence signals were generated within 30 min for the lowest concentration of a standard RNA sample, which was significantly faster than that achieved by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) assay. When clinical samples were tested, the positive and negative agreement of the dye-based RT-LAMP assay with qRT-PCR was 87.5% (14/16) and 93.55% (29/31), respectively. The positive and negative agreement of the probe-based RT-LAMP assay with qRT-PCR was 94.11% (16/17) and 96.55% (28/29), respectively. The RT-LAMP assays developed in this study showed strong potential for use as an on-site diagnostic assay for rapid, specific, and reliable detection of CaAstV in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Shen
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dequan Yang
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Houbin Ju
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianchao Yang
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Luming Xia
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjin Zhao
- Shanghai Animal Disease Control Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases Diagnostic and Immunology, Ministry of Agriculture, MOE International Joint Collaborative Research Laboratory for Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
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Lee SM, Balakrishnan HK, Doeven EH, Yuan D, Guijt RM. Chemical Trends in Sample Preparation for Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAAT): A Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:980. [PMID: 37998155 PMCID: PMC10669371 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification testing facilitates the detection of disease through specific genomic sequences and is attractive for point-of-need testing (PONT); in particular, the early detection of microorganisms can alert early response systems to protect the public and ecosystems from widespread outbreaks of biological threats, including infectious diseases. Prior to nucleic acid amplification and detection, extensive sample preparation techniques are required to free nucleic acids and extract them from the sample matrix. Sample preparation is critical to maximize the sensitivity and reliability of testing. As the enzymatic amplification reactions can be sensitive to inhibitors from the sample, as well as from chemicals used for lysis and extraction, avoiding inhibition is a significant challenge, particularly when minimising liquid handling steps is also desirable for the translation of the assay to a portable format for PONT. The reagents used in sample preparation for nucleic acid testing, covering lysis and NA extraction (binding, washing, and elution), are reviewed with a focus on their suitability for use in PONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Lee
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Hari Kalathil Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Egan H. Doeven
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia;
| | - Dan Yuan
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Rosanne M. Guijt
- Centre for Regional and Rural Futures (CeRRF), Deakin University, Locked Bag 20000, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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Febrer-Sendra B, Crego-Vicente B, Nindia A, Martínez-Campreciós J, Aixut S, Mediavilla A, Silgado A, Oliveira-Souto I, Salvador F, Molina I, Muro A, Sulleiro E, Fernández-Soto P. First field and laboratory evaluation of LAMP assay for malaria diagnosis in Cubal, Angola. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:343. [PMID: 37789462 PMCID: PMC10548721 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05942-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is a globally distributed infectious disease. According to the World Health Organization, Angola is one of the six countries that account for over half the global malaria burden in terms of both malaria cases and deaths. Diagnosis of malaria still depends on microscopic examination of thin and thick blood smears and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), which often lack analytical and clinical sensitivity. Molecular methods could overcome these disadvantages. The aim of this study was to evaluate, for the first time to our knowledge, the performance of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the diagnosis of malaria in an endemic area in Cubal, Angola, and to assess the reproducibility at a reference laboratory. METHODS A total of 200 blood samples from patients attended at Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal, Angola, were analysed for Plasmodium spp. detection by microscopy, RDTs, and LAMP. LAMP assay was easily performed in a portable heating block, and the results were visualized by a simple colour change. Subsequently, the samples were sent to a reference laboratory in Spain to be reanalysed by the same colorimetric LAMP assay and also in real-time LAMP format. RESULTS In field tests, a total of 67/200 (33.5%) blood samples were microscopy-positive for Plasmodium spp., 98/200 RDT positive, and 112/200 (56%) LAMP positive. Using microscopy as reference standard, field LAMP detected more microscopy-positive samples than RDTs (66/67; 98% vs. 62/67; 92.5%). When samples were reanalysed at a reference laboratory in Spain using both colorimetric and real-time assays, the overall reproducibility achieved 84.5%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to our knowledge in which LAMP has been clinically evaluated on blood samples in a resource-poor malaria-endemic area. The colorimetric LAMP proved to be more sensitive than microscopy and RDTs for malaria diagnosis in field conditions. Furthermore, LAMP showed an acceptable level of reproducibility in a reference laboratory. The possibility to use LAMP in a real-time format in a portable device reinforces the reliability of the assay for molecular diagnosis of malaria in resource-poor laboratories in endemic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Joan Martínez-Campreciós
- Hospital Nossa Senhora da Paz, Cubal, Angola
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Mediavilla
- Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aroa Silgado
- Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Inés Oliveira-Souto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Salvador
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Molina
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elena Sulleiro
- Microbiology Department Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- International Health Unit Vall d'Hebron-Drassanes, Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, PROSICS Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Salamanca, Spain.
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Raclariu-Manolică AC, Mauvisseau Q, de Boer HJ. Horizon scan of DNA-based methods for quality control and monitoring of herbal preparations. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1179099. [PMID: 37214460 PMCID: PMC10193163 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1179099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicines and preparations are widely used in healthcare systems globally, but concerns remain about their quality and safety. New herbal products are constantly being introduced to the market under varying regulatory frameworks, with no global consensus on their definition or characterization. These biologically active mixtures are sold through complex globalized value chains, which create concerns around contamination and profit-driven adulteration. Industry, academia, and regulatory bodies must collaborate to develop innovative strategies for the identification and authentication of botanicals and their preparations to ensure quality control. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) has significantly improved our understanding of the total species diversity within DNA mixtures. The standard concept of DNA barcoding has evolved over the last two decades to encompass genomic data more broadly. Recent research in DNA metabarcoding has focused on developing methods for quantifying herbal product ingredients, yielding meaningful results in a regulatory framework. Techniques, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), DNA barcode-based Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (BAR-RPA), DNA barcoding coupled with High-Resolution Melting (Bar-HRM), and microfluidics-based methods, offer more affordable tests for the detection of target species. While target capture sequencing and genome skimming are considerably increasing the species identification resolution in challenging plant clades, ddPCR enables the quantification of DNA in samples and could be used to detect intended and unwanted ingredients in herbal medicines. Here, we explore the latest advances in emerging DNA-based technologies and the opportunities they provide as taxa detection tools for evaluating the safety and quality of dietary supplements and herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancuța Cristina Raclariu-Manolică
- Stejarul Research Centre for Biological Sciences, National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Piatra Neamț, Romania
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Mitrogiannopoulou AM, Tselepi V, Ellinas K. Polymeric and Paper-Based Lab-on-a-Chip Devices in Food Safety: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:986. [PMID: 37241610 PMCID: PMC10223399 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food quality and safety are important to protect consumers from foodborne illnesses. Currently, laboratory scale analysis, which takes several days to complete, is the main way to ensure the absence of pathogenic microorganisms in a wide range of food products. However, new methods such as PCR, ELISA, or even accelerated plate culture tests have been proposed for the rapid detection of pathogens. Lab-on-chip (LOC) devices and microfluidics are miniaturized devices that can enable faster, easier, and at the point of interest analysis. Nowadays, methods such as PCR are often coupled with microfluidics, providing new LOC devices that can replace or complement the standard methods by offering highly sensitive, fast, and on-site analysis. This review's objective is to present an overview of recent advances in LOCs used for the identification of the most prevalent foodborne and waterborne pathogens that put consumer health at risk. In particular, the paper is organized as follows: first, we discuss the main fabrication methods of microfluidics as well as the most popular materials used, and then we present recent literature examples for LOCs used for the detection of pathogenic bacteria found in water and other food samples. In the final section, we summarize our findings and also provide our point of view on the challenges and opportunities in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kosmas Ellinas
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Ierou Lochou & Makrygianni St, GR 81400 Myrina, Greece
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Zeng H, Huang S, Chen Y, Chen M, He K, Fu C, Wang Q, Zhang F, Wang L, Xu X. Label-Free Sequence-Specific Visualization of LAMP Amplified Salmonella via DNA Machine Produces G-Quadruplex DNAzyme. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13050503. [PMID: 37232864 DOI: 10.3390/bios13050503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of four key global causes of diarrhea, and in humans, it is generally contracted through the consumption of contaminated food. It is necessary to develop an accurate, simple, and rapid method to monitor Salmonella in the early phase. Herein, we developed a sequence-specific visualization method based on loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for the detection of Salmonella in milk. With restriction endonuclease and nicking endonuclease, amplicons were produced into single-stranded triggers, which further promoted the generation of a G-quadruplex by a DNA machine. The G-quadruplex DNAzyme possesses peroxidase-like activity and catalyzes the color development of 2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as the readouts. The feasibility for real samples analysis was also confirmed with Salmonella spiked milk, and the sensitivity was 800 CFU/mL when observed with the naked eye. Using this method, the detection of Salmonella in milk can be completed within 1.5 h. Without the involvement of any sophisticated instrument, this specific colorimetric method can be a useful tool in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zeng
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Shuqin Huang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yunong Chen
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Minshi Chen
- Technology Center of Fuzhou Customs District, Fuzhou 350015, China
| | - Kaiyu He
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Caili Fu
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Liu Wang
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
- Key Laboratory of Traceability for Agricultural Genetically Modified Organisms, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Xiahong Xu
- Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
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Butkutė A, Jurkšas T, Baravykas T, Leber B, Merkininkaitė G, Žilėnaitė R, Čereška D, Gulla A, Kvietkauskas M, Marcinkevičiūtė K, Schemmer P, Strupas K. Combined Femtosecond Laser Glass Microprocessing for Liver-on-Chip Device Fabrication. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2174. [PMID: 36984055 PMCID: PMC10056550 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, lab-on-chip (LOC) devices are attracting more and more attention since they show vast prospects for various biomedical applications. Usually, an LOC is a small device that serves a single laboratory function. LOCs show massive potential for organ-on-chip (OOC) device manufacturing since they could allow for research on the avoidance of various diseases or the avoidance of drug testing on animals or humans. However, this technology is still under development. The dominant technique for the fabrication of such devices is molding, which is very attractive and efficient for mass production, but has many drawbacks for prototyping. This article suggests a femtosecond laser microprocessing technique for the prototyping of an OOC-type device-a liver-on-chip. We demonstrate the production of liver-on-chip devices out of glass by using femtosecond laser-based selective laser etching (SLE) and laser welding techniques. The fabricated device was tested with HepG2(GS) liver cancer cells. During the test, HepG2(GS) cells proliferated in the chip, thus showing the potential of the suggested technique for further OOC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnė Butkutė
- Femtika Ltd., Keramikų Str. 2, LT-10233 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Laser Research Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio Ave. 10, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Jurkšas
- Femtika Ltd., Keramikų Str. 2, LT-10233 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Bettina Leber
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, AT-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Greta Merkininkaitė
- Femtika Ltd., Keramikų Str. 2, LT-10233 Vilnius, Lithuania
- Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko Str. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Aiste Gulla
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Visceral Medicine and Translational Research, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Kvietkauskas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Visceral Medicine and Translational Research, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Marcinkevičiūtė
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Visceral Medicine and Translational Research, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Peter Schemmer
- General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, AT-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Kęstutis Strupas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Center of Visceral Medicine and Translational Research, Vilnius University, M. K. Čiurlionio g. 21, LT-03101 Vilnius, Lithuania
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12
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Design and 3D printing of an electrochemical sensor for Listeria monocytogenes detection based on loop mediated isothermal amplification. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12637. [PMID: 36691544 PMCID: PMC9860429 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is the design and 3D printing of a new electrochemical sensor for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes based on loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The food related diseases involve a serious health issue all over the world. Listeria monocytogenes is one of the major problems of contaminated food, this pathogen causes a disease called listeriosis with a high rate of hospitalization and mortality. Having a fast, sensitive and specific detection method for food quality control is a must in the food industry to avoid the presence of this pathogen in the food chain (raw materials, facilities and products). A point-of-care biosensor based in LAMP and electrochemical detection is one of the best options to detect the bacteria on site and in a very short period of time. With the numerical analysis of different geometries and flow rates during sample injection in order to avoid bubbles, an optimized design of the microfluidic biosensor chamber was selected for 3D-printing and experimental analysis. For the electrochemical detection, a novel custom gold concentric-3-electrode consisting in a working electrode, reference electrode and a counter electrode was designed and placed in the bottom of the chamber. The LAMP reaction was optimized specifically for a primers set with a limit of detection of 1.25 pg of genomic DNA per reaction and 100% specific for detecting all 12 Listeria monocytogenes serotypes and no other Listeria species or food-related bacteria. The methylene blue redox-active molecule was tested as the electrochemical transducer and shown to be compatible with the LAMP reaction and very clearly distinguished negative from positive food samples when the reaction is measured at the end-point inside the biosensor.
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13
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Quyen TL, Vinayaka AC, Golabi M, Nguyen T, Ngoc HV, Bang DD, Wolff A. Multiplexed Detection of Pathogens Using Solid-Phase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification on a Supercritical Angle Fluorescence Array for Point-of-Care Applications. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3343-3351. [PMID: 36284082 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adaptations of new generation molecular techniques for multiplexed detection of pathogens are gaining interest in the field of point-of-care (POC) industry and onsite testing. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), an advanced molecular amplification technique, has proven promising due to its unique features that suits ideal for POC applications. However, application of LAMP for multiplexed detection of pathogens remains challenging because of the difficulty in the identification of specific LAMP amplicons that does not have a well-definite molecular size. In this study, we developed a solid-phase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (SP-LAMP) technique to address the challenge. Integration of LAMP with the supercritical angle fluorescence (SAF) micro-optic structures as a solid support (SS) in an array format enabled spatial separation of LAMP amplicons in a multiplexed configuration. Important parameters such as length of the SS primers, length of the primer-binding region, the effect of surface density of immobilized SS primers, and cross-reactivity among the primers of different targets were iteratively tested and optimized. With the combination of SP-LAMP and SAF techniques, it was possible to detect multiple pathogens that include Salmonella spp, Campylobater spp., Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni, avian influenza virus (AIV), and pan avian internal control (IC) under singleplex conditions. The multiplexing capacity of the SP-LAMP was demonstrated using AIV and IC with promising results. The success of SP-LAMP has opened a promising direction toward the development of a multiplex POC system for rapid detection of multiple pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Than Linh Quyen
- BioLabChip, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Aaydha Chidambara Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Golabi
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- BioLabChip, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Huynh Van Ngoc
- BioLabChip, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- BioLabChip, DTU-Bioengineering (Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby2800, Denmark
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14
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Microfluidics in smart packaging of foods. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Distance-based paper device using combined SYBR safe and gold nanoparticle probe LAMP assay to detect Leishmania among patients with HIV. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14558. [PMID: 36028548 PMCID: PMC9418321 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18765-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis cases increase continuously, particularly among patients with HIV who are at risk to develop further symptoms of leishmaniasis. A simple, sensitive and reliable diagnosis is crucially needed due to risk populations mostly residing in rural communities with limited resources of laboratory equipment. In this study, a highly sensitive and selective determination of Leishmania among asymptomatic patients with Leishmania/HIV co-infection was achieved to simultaneously interpret and semi-quantify using colorimetric precipitates (gold-nanoparticle probe; AuNP-probe) and fluorescence (SYBR safe dye and distance-based paper device; dPAD) in one-step loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. The sensitivities and specificities of 3 detection methods were equivalent and had reliable performances achieving as high as 95.5%. Detection limits were 102 parasites/mL (0.0147 ng/µL) which were 10 times more sensitive than other related studies. To empower leishmaniasis surveillance as well as prevention and control, this dPAD combined with SYBR safe and gold nanoparticle probe LAMP assay is reliably fast, simple, inexpensive and practical for field diagnostics to point-of-care settings in resource-limited areas which can be set up in all levels of healthcare facilities, especially in low to middle income countries.
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16
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All-in-One Optofluidic Chip for Molecular Biosensing Assays. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12070501. [PMID: 35884304 PMCID: PMC9313335 DOI: 10.3390/bios12070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrated biosensor platforms have become subjects of high interest for consolidated assay preparation and analysis to reduce sample-to-answer response times. By compactly combining as many biosensor processes and functions as possible into a single lab-on-chip device, all-in-one point-of-care devices can aid in the accessibility and speed of deployment due to their compact size and portability. Biomarker assay preparation and sensing are functionalities that are often carried out on separate devices, thus increasing opportunity of contamination, loss of sample volume, and other forms of error. Here, we demonstrate a complete lab-on-chip system combining sample preparation, on-chip optofluidic dye laser, and optical detection. We first show the integration of an on-chip distributed feedback dye laser for alignment-free optical excitation of particles moving through a fluidic channel. This capability is demonstrated by using Rhodamine 6G as the gain medium to excite single fluorescent microspheres at 575 nm. Next, we present an optofluidic PDMS platform combining a microvalve network (automaton) for sample preparation of nanoliter volumes, on-chip distributed feedback dye laser for target excitation, and optical detection. We conduct concurrent capture and fluorescence tagging of Zika virus nucleic acid on magnetic beads in 30 min. Target-carrying beads are then optically excited using the on-chip laser as they flow through an analysis channel, followed by highly specific fluorescence detection. This demonstration of a complete all-in-one biosensor is a tangible step in the development of a rapid, point-of-care device that can assist in limiting the severity of future outbreaks.
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17
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García-Bernalt Diego J, Fernández-Soto P, Márquez-Sánchez S, Santos Santos D, Febrer-Sendra B, Crego-Vicente B, Muñoz-Bellido JL, Belhassen-García M, Corchado Rodríguez JM, Muro A. SMART-LAMP: A Smartphone-Operated Handheld Device for Real-Time Colorimetric Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases via Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12060424. [PMID: 35735571 PMCID: PMC9221248 DOI: 10.3390/bios12060424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid amplification diagnostics offer outstanding features of sensitivity and specificity. However, they still lack speed and robustness, require extensive infrastructure, and are neither affordable nor user-friendly. Thus, they have not been extensively applied in point-of-care diagnostics, particularly in low-resource settings. In this work, we have combined the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology with a handheld portable device (SMART-LAMP) developed to perform real-time isothermal nucleic acid amplification reactions, based on simple colorimetric measurements, all of which are Bluetooth-controlled by a dedicated smartphone app. We have validated its diagnostic utility regarding different infectious diseases, including Schistosomiasis, Strongyloidiasis, and COVID-19, and analyzed clinical samples from suspected COVID-19 patients. Finally, we have proved that the combination of long-term stabilized LAMP master mixes, stored and transported at room temperature with our developed SMART-LAMP device, provides an improvement towards true point-of-care diagnosis of infectious diseases in settings with limited infrastructure. Our proposal could be easily adapted to the diagnosis of other infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
| | - Sergio Márquez-Sánchez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Daniel Santos Santos
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
| | - Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido
- Microbiology and Parasitology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Internal Medicine Service, Infectious Diseases Section, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Corchado Rodríguez
- BISITE Research Group, University of Salamanca, Calle Espejo s/n. Edificio Multiusos I+D+i, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (S.M.-S.); (D.S.S.); (J.M.C.R.)
- Air Institute, IoT Digital Innovation Hub (Spain), 37188 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca-Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.)
- Correspondence: (P.F.-S.); (A.M.); Tel.: +34-677596173 (ext. 6861) (P.F.-S.)
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18
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Colorimetric and Real-Time Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) for Detection of Loa loa DNA in Human Blood Samples. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051079. [PMID: 35626235 PMCID: PMC9139441 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Loiasis, caused by the filarial nematode Loa loa, is endemic in Central and West Africa. Loa loa has been associated with severe adverse reactions in high Loa-infected individuals receiving ivermectin during mass drug administration programs for the control of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. Diagnosis of loiasis still depends on microscopy in blood samples, but this is not effective for large-scale surveys. New diagnostics methods for loiasis are urgently needed. Previously, we developed a colorimetric high-sensitive and species-specific LAMP for Loa loa DNA detection. Here, we evaluate it in a set of 100 field-collected clinical samples stored as dried blood spots. In addition, Loa loa-LAMP was also evaluated in real-time testing and compared with microscopy and a specific PCR/nested PCR. A simple saponin/Chelex-based method was used to extract DNA. Colorimetric and real-time LAMP assays detected more samples with microscopy-confirmed Loa loa and Loa loa/Mansonella perstans mixed infections than PCR/nested-PCR. Samples with the highest Loa loa microfilariae counts were amplified faster in real-time LAMP assays. Our Loa loa-LAMP could be a promising molecular tool for the easy, rapid and accurate screening of patients for loiasis in endemic areas with low-resource settings. The real-time testing (feasible in a handheld device) could be very useful to rule out high-microfilariae loads in infected patients.
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Quyen TL, Vinayaka AC, Golabi M, Ngoc HV, Bang DD, Wolff A. Elimination of Carryover Contamination in Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification for Rapid Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in Point-of-Care Testing. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:856553. [PMID: 35521217 PMCID: PMC9065284 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.856553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is being used as a robust rapid diagnostic tool to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. However, carryover contamination of LAMP-amplified products originating from previous tests has been a problem in LAMP-based bio-analytical assays. In this study, we developed a Cod-uracil-DNA-glycosylase real-time reverse transcriptase LAMP assay (Cod-UNG-rRT-LAMP) for the elimination of carryover contamination and the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in point-of-care (POC) testing. Using the Cod-UNG-rRT-LAMP assay, the SARS-CoV-2 virus could be detected as low as 2 copies/µl (8 copies/reaction) within 45 min of amplification and 2.63 ± 0.17 pg (equivalent to 2.296 × 109 copies) of contaminants per reaction could be eliminated. Analysis of clinical SARS-CoV-2 samples using the Cod-UNG-rRT-LAMP assay showed an excellent agreement with a relative accuracy of 98.2%, sensitivity of 97.1%, and specificity of 95.2% in comparison to rRT-PCR. The results obtained in this study clearly demonstrate the feasibility of the use of the Cod-UNG-rRT-LAMP assay for applications toward the POC diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 and on-site testing of other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Than Linh Quyen
- Biolabchip Group, Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aaydha Chidambara Vinayaka
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Golabi
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Huynh Van Ngoc
- Biolabchip Group, Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- Biolabchip Group, Department of Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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20
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Sengupta J, Hussain CM. Prospective pathways of green graphene-based lab-on-chip devices: the pursuit toward sustainability. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 189:177. [PMID: 35381890 PMCID: PMC8982660 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05286-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
At present, analytical lab-on-chip devices find their usage in different facets of chemical analysis, biological analysis, point of care analysis, biosensors, etc. In addition, graphene has already established itself as an essential component of advanced lab-on-chip devices. Graphene-based lab-on-chip devices have achieved appreciable admiration because of their peerless performance in comparison to others. However, to accomplish a sustainable future, a device must undergo “green screening” to check its environmental compatibility. Thus, extensive research is carried out globally to make the graphene-based lab-on-chip green, though it is yet to be achieved. Nevertheless, as a ray of hope, there are few existing strategies that can be stitched together for feasible fabrication of environment-friendly green graphene-based analytical lab-on-chip, and those prospective pathways are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydip Sengupta
- Department of Electronic Science, Jogesh Chandra Chaudhuri College, Kolkata - 700033, India
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
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21
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Cao Y, Ye C, Zhang C, Zhang G, Hu H, Zhang Z, Fang H, Zheng J, Liu H. Simultaneous detection of multiple foodborne bacteria by loop-mediated isothermal amplification on a microfluidic chip through colorimetric and fluorescent assay. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Copper-Electroplating-Modified Liquid Metal Microfluidic Electrodes. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22051820. [PMID: 35270966 PMCID: PMC8915017 DOI: 10.3390/s22051820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel technology for the fabrication of copper-electroplating-modified liquid metal microelectrodes. This technology overcomes the complexity of the traditional fabrication of sidewall solid metal electrodes and successfully fabricates a pair of tiny stable solid-contact microelectrodes on both sidewalls of a microchannel. Meanwhile, this technology also addresses the instability of liquid metal electrodes when directly contacted with sample solutions. The fabrication of this microelectrode depends on controllable microelectroplating of copper onto the gallium electrode by designing a microelectrolyte cell in a microfluidic chip. Using this technology, we successfully fabricate various microelectrodes with different microspacings (from 10 μm to 40 μm), which were effectively used for capacitive sensing, including droplet detection and oil particle counting.
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23
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Li N, Zhang Y, Shen M, Xu Y. A fully integrated SNP genotyping system for hereditary hearing-loss detection. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:697-708. [PMID: 34923580 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary hearing loss is one of the most common human neurosensory disorders, and there is a great need for early intervention methods such as genetically screening newborns. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the major genetic targets for hearing-loss screening. In this study, a fully integrated SNP genotyping system was constructed to identify hereditary hearing loss-related genetic markers from human whole blood. The entire detection process, including blood cell lysis, nucleic acid extraction, the reaction mixture distribution, the chambers sealing and the two-colour multiplex competitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP), can be automatically conducted in a self-contained cassette within 3 hours. To critically evaluate the performance of the system, its specificity, sensitivity and stability were assessed. Then, 13 clinical samples were genotyped with this fluidic cassette system to detect seven hotspot deafness-associated mutations in three genes (MT-RNR1, GJB2 and SLC26A4). The detection results of the cassette system were 100% concordant with those obtained by Sanger sequencing, proving its accuracy in the genetic screening of inherited hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Minjie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Youchun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Moon YJ, Lee SY, Oh SW. A Review of Isothermal Amplification Methods and Food-Origin Inhibitors against Detecting Food-Borne Pathogens. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030322. [PMID: 35159473 PMCID: PMC8833899 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The isothermal amplification method, a molecular-based diagnostic technology, such as loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), is widely used as an alternative to the time-consuming and labor-intensive culture-based detection method. However, food matrices or other compounds can inhibit molecular-based diagnostic technologies, causing reduced detection efficiencies, and false-negative results. These inhibitors originating from food are polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds in berries, seafood, and vegetables. Additionally, magnesium ions needed for amplification reactions can also inhibit molecular-based diagnostics. The successful removal of inhibitors originating from food and molecular amplification reaction is therefore proposed to enhance the efficiency of molecular-based diagnostics and allow accurate detection of food-borne pathogens. Among molecular-based diagnostics, PCR inhibitors have been reported. Nevertheless, reports on the mechanism and removal of isothermal amplification method inhibitors are insufficient. Therefore, this review describes inhibitors originating from food and some compounds inhibiting the detection of food-borne pathogens during isothermal amplification.
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Choi G, Guan W. Sample-to-Answer Microfluidic Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) on Lab-on-a-Disc for Malaria Detection at Point of Need. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2393:297-313. [PMID: 34837186 PMCID: PMC9191616 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1803-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
One of the grand challenges for field-deployable NATs is related to the front end of the assays-nucleic acid extraction from raw samples. The ideal nucleic acid sample preparation should be simple, scalable, and easy-to-operate. In this chapter, we present a lab-on-a-disc NAT device for sample-to-answer malaria diagnosis. The parasite DNA sample preparation and subsequent real-time LAMP detection are seamlessly integrated on a disposable single microfluidic compact disc, driven by energy-efficient, non-centrifuge-based magnetic field interactions. Each disc contains four parallel testing units, which could be configured either as four identical tests or as four species-specific tests. When configured as species-specific tests, it could identify two of the most life-threatening malaria species (P. falciparum and P. vivax). The reagent disc with a 4-plex analyzer (discussed in Chapter 1 ) is capable of processing four samples simultaneously with 40 min turnaround time. It achieves a detection limit of ~0.5 parasites/μl for whole blood, sufficient for detecting asymptomatic parasite carriers. The assay is performed with an automated device described in Chapter 14 . The combination of sensitivity, specificity, cost, and scalable sample preparation suggests the real-time fluorescence LAMP device could be particularly useful for malaria screening in field settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gihoon Choi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Weihua Guan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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26
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García-Bernalt Diego J, Fernández-Soto P, Muñoz-Bellido JL, Febrer-Sendra B, Crego-Vicente B, Carbonell C, López-Bernús A, Marcos M, Belhassen-García M, Muro A. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Urine by RT-LAMP: A Very Rare Finding. J Clin Med 2021; 11:158. [PMID: 35011899 PMCID: PMC8745354 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of SARS-CoV-2 is routinely performed in naso/oropharyngeal swabs samples from patients via RT-qPCR. The RT-LAMP technology has also been used for viral RNA detection in respiratory specimens with both high sensitivity and specificity. Recently, we developed a novel RT-LAMP test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swab specimens (named, N15-RT-LAMP) that can be performed as a single-tube colorimetric method, in a real-time platform, and as dry-LAMP. To date, there has been very little success in detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine by RT-qPCR, and the information regarding urine viral excretion is still scarce and not comprehensive. Here, we tested our N15-RT-LAMP on the urine of 300 patients admitted to the Hospital of Salamanca, Spain with clinical suspicion of COVID-19, who had a nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR-positive (n = 100), negative (n = 100), and positive with disease recovery (n = 100) result. The positive group was also tested by RT-qPCR for comparison to N15-RT-LAMP. Only a 4% positivity rate was found in the positive group via colorimetric N15-RT-LAMP and 2% via RT-qPCR. Our results are consistent with those obtained in other studies that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine is a very rare finding. The absence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine in the recovered patients might suggest that the urinary route is very rarely used for viral particle clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan García-Bernalt Diego
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
| | - Pedro Fernández-Soto
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
| | - Juan Luis Muñoz-Bellido
- Microbiology and Parasitology Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Begoña Febrer-Sendra
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Crego-Vicente
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
| | - Cristina Carbonell
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
- Internal Medicine Service, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Amparo López-Bernús
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
- Internal Medicine Service, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Miguel Marcos
- Internal Medicine Service, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Moncef Belhassen-García
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
- Internal Medicine Service, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA), University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Antonio Muro
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Group (e-INTRO), Research Centre for Tropical Diseases at the University of Salamanca (IBSAL-CIETUS), Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (J.G.-B.D.); (B.F.-S.); (B.C.-V.); (C.C.); (A.L.-B.); (M.B.-G.)
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Chu L, Wang Y, Zhou Y, Kang X. A novel biosensor based on Blu-ray disc coating film for determination of total amino acid content in tea leaves. RSC Adv 2021; 11:39666-39671. [PMID: 35494145 PMCID: PMC9044532 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra07061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biosensor substrate materials are a key research focus in the field of sensors. Blu-ray discs (BDs) as universal sensor substrates are advantageous in comparison with other substrates (conventional paper and polycarbonate) in terms of easier activity treatment and higher density of reactive groups on the film surface. In this study, a novel and simple microfluidic biosensor based on BD coating film was developed by treating with sodium hydroxide solution and a piece of filter paper at slightly elevated temperatures. There are no significant physical damages to the substrate morphology, and the aging effect is minimal. The unique wetting, optical, and self-cleaning properties of the modified surfaces can be demonstrated in the paper. We have tested this new type of biosensor substrates for assay applications (the determination of total amino acids in tea leaves), which showed excellent performance in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. The novel biosensor substrate material based on a simple BD coating film displayed preferable merits with easy making, low cost, easy using, and extensive application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanling Chu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210096 China
| | - Yunzheng Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu 210037 China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University Hefei Anhui 230036 China
| | - Xuejun Kang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University Nanjing Jiangsu 210096 China
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Cunha ML, da Silva SS, Stracke MC, Zanette DL, Aoki MN, Blanes L. Sample Preparation for Lab-on-a-Chip Systems in Molecular Diagnosis: A Review. Anal Chem 2021; 94:41-58. [PMID: 34870427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and low-cost molecular analysis is especially required for early and specific diagnostics, quick decision-making, and sparing patients from unnecessary tests and hospitals from extra costs. One way to achieve this objective is through automated molecular diagnostic devices. Thus, sample-to-answer microfluidic devices are emerging with the promise of delivering a complete molecular diagnosis system that includes nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and detection steps in a single device. The biggest issue in such equipment is the extraction process, which is normally laborious and time-consuming but extremely important for sensitive and specific detection. Therefore, this Review focuses on automated or semiautomated extraction methodologies used in lab-on-a-chip devices. More than 15 different extraction methods developed over the past 10 years have been analyzed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages to improve extraction procedures in future studies. Herein, we are able to explain the high applicability of the extraction methodologies due to the large variety of samples in which different techniques were employed, showing that their applications are not limited to medical diagnosis. Moreover, we are able to conclude that further research in the field would be beneficial because the methodologies presented can be affordable, portable, time efficient, and easily manipulated, all of which are strong qualities for point-of-care technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylena Lemes Cunha
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Stella Schuster da Silva
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Mateus Cassaboni Stracke
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010.,Paraná Institute of Molecular Biology, Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Mateus Nóbrega Aoki
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
| | - Lucas Blanes
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010.,Paraná Institute of Molecular Biology, Professor Algacyr Munhoz Mader 3775 St., Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil 81350-010
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29
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Rapid identification of Hebeloma crustuliniforme species using real-time fluorescence and visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification based on the internal transcribed spacer sequence. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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Yang L, Yi W, Sun F, Xu M, Zeng Z, Bi X, Dong J, Xie Y, Li M. Application of Lab-on-Chip for Detection of Microbial Nucleic Acid in Food and Environment. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:765375. [PMID: 34803990 PMCID: PMC8600318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.765375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Various diseases caused by food-borne or environmental pathogenic microorganisms have been a persistent threat to public health and global economies. It is necessary to regularly detect microorganisms in food and environment to prevent infection of pathogenic microorganisms. However, most traditional detection methods are expensive, time-consuming, and unfeasible in practice in the absence of sophisticated instruments and trained operators. Point-of-care testing (POCT) can be used to detect microorganisms rapidly on site and greatly improve the efficiency of microbial detection. Lab-on-chip (LOC) is an emerging POCT technology with great potential by integrating most of the experimental steps carried out in the laboratory into a single monolithic device. This review will primarily focus on principles and techniques of LOC for detection of microbial nucleic acid in food and environment, including sample preparation, nucleic acid amplification and sample detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Sun
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjiao Xu
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Zeng
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyue Bi
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Dong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Haidian Hospital, Beijing Haidian Section of Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Department of Hepatology Division 2, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hepatology Division 2, Peking University Ditan Teaching Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sridhar A, Kapoor A, Kumar PS, Ponnuchamy M, Sivasamy B, Vo DVN. Lab-on-a-chip technologies for food safety, processing, and packaging applications: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS 2021; 20:901-927. [PMID: 34803553 PMCID: PMC8590809 DOI: 10.1007/s10311-021-01342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The advent of microfluidic systems has led to significant developments in lab-on-a-chip devices integrating several functions onto a single platform. Over the years, these miniature devices have become a promising tool for faster analytical testing, displaying high precision and efficiency. Nonetheless, most microfluidic systems are not commercially available. Research is actually undergoing on the application of these devices in environmental, food, biomedical, and healthcare industries. The lab-on-a-chip industry is predicted to grow annually by 20%. Here, we review the use of lab-on-a-chip devices in the food sector. We present fabrication technologies and materials to developing lab-on-a-chip devices. We compare electrochemical, optical, colorimetric, chemiluminescence and biological methods for the detection of pathogens and microorganisms. We emphasize emulsion processing, food formulation, nutraceutical development due to their promising characteristics. Last, smart packaging technologies like radio frequency identification and indicators are highlighted because they allow better product identification and traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adithya Sridhar
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Environment, The University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ashish Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, 603110 India
| | - Muthamilselvi Ponnuchamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - Balasubramanian Sivasamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641407 India
| | - Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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32
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Li Z, Zu X, Du Z, Hu Z. Research on magnetic bead motion characteristics based on magnetic beads preset technology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19995. [PMID: 34620919 PMCID: PMC8497522 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the detection efficiency and accuracy of microfluidic chip, a magnetic beads preset technology were designed by using double permanent magnets as external magnetic field and the motion characteristics of preset magnetic beads were studied. The control principle of magnetic beads preset technology was introduced in detail, and the control structure was designed. The coupled field characteristics for magnetic beads in microchannels were analyzed, and the motion models of magnetic beads were established based on the magnetic beads preset technology, including capture motion and mixing motion. The relationship between the magnetic field force and the flow velocity for capturing magnetic bead, and the mixing time under the influence of flow field and magnetic field were derived. The magnetic beads preset technology effect was verified by experiments and numerical simulations were developed to analyze the influence of aspect ratio of permanent magnet on magnetic field. The study showed that the accuracy and efficiency of the magnetic bead control in the microchannel could be better realized by the magnetic beads preset technology. The derivation of the magnetic bead motion model can understand the motion characteristics of the magnetic bead more clearly, facilitate accurate control of the magnetic bead, and improve the success rate of the microfluidic detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Li
- Department of Packaging Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China.
| | - Xiangyang Zu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhe Du
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Sreejith KR, Umer M, Dirr L, Bailly B, Guillon P, von Itzstein M, Soda N, Kasetsirikul S, Shiddiky MJA, Nguyen NT. A Portable Device for LAMP Based Detection of SARS-CoV-2. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12101151. [PMID: 34683202 PMCID: PMC8538454 DOI: 10.3390/mi12101151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the design, development, and testing of a novel, yet simple and low-cost portable device for the rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2. The device performs loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and provides visually distinguishable images of the fluorescence emitted from the samples. The device utilises an aluminium block embedded with a cartridge heater for isothermal heating of the sample and a single-board computer and camera for fluorescence detection. The device demonstrates promising results within 20 min using clinically relevant starting concentrations of the synthetic template. Time-to-signal data for this device are considerably lower compared to standard quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction(qPCR) machine (~10–20 min vs. >38 min) for 1 × 102 starting template copy number. The device in its fully optimized and characterized state can potentially be used as simple to operate, rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive platform for population screening as well as point-of-need severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection and patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalalayam Rajan Sreejith
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.U.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (M.J.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.S.); (N.-T.N.)
| | - Muhammad Umer
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.U.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (M.J.A.S.)
| | - Larissa Dirr
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (L.D.); (B.B.); (P.G.); (M.v.I.)
| | - Benjamin Bailly
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (L.D.); (B.B.); (P.G.); (M.v.I.)
| | - Patrice Guillon
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (L.D.); (B.B.); (P.G.); (M.v.I.)
| | - Mark von Itzstein
- Institute for Glycomics, Gold Coast Campus, Griffith University, 1 Parklands Drive, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (L.D.); (B.B.); (P.G.); (M.v.I.)
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.U.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (M.J.A.S.)
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.U.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (M.J.A.S.)
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.U.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (M.J.A.S.)
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (M.U.); (N.S.); (S.K.); (M.J.A.S.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.S.); (N.-T.N.)
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Forouzandeh F, Alfadhel A, Arevalo A, Borkholder DA. A review of peristaltic micropumps. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. A, PHYSICAL 2021; 326:112602. [PMID: 35386682 PMCID: PMC8979372 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2021.112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This report presents a review of progress on peristaltic micropumps since their emergence, which have been widely used in many research fields from biology to aeronautics. This paper summarizes different techniques that have been used to mimic this elegant physiological transport mechanism that is commonly found in nature. The analysis provides definitions of peristaltic micropumps and their different features, distinguishing them from other mechanical micropumps. Important parameters in peristalsis are presented, such as the operating frequency, stroke volume, and various actuation sequences, along with introducing design rules and analysis for optimizing actuation sequences. Actuation methods such as piezoelectric, motor, pneumatic, electrostatic, and thermal are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages for application in peristaltic micropumps. This review evaluates research efforts over the past 30 years with comparison of key features and outputs, and suggestions for future development. The analysis provides a starting point for researchers designing peristaltic micropumps for a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Forouzandeh
- Corresponding author at: Microsystem Engineering, Kate Gleason College of Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, 168 Lomb Memorial Drive, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.
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Huang T, Shi Y, Zhang J, Han Q, Xia XS, Zhang AM, Song Y. Rapid and Simultaneous Detection of Five, Viable, Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria by Photoinduced PMAxx-Coupled Multiplex PCR in Fresh Juice. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021; 18:640-646. [PMID: 34292761 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2020.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are common foodborne pathogens. In this study, the light-induced PMAxx-coupled multiplex PCR (PMAxx-mPCR) was established to detect the aforementioned five foodborne pathogens in fresh juice at the same time. Moreover, PMAxx pretreatment could effectively distinguish live bacteria from dead bacteria. The optimized PMAxx pretreatment conditions were incubation with a final concentration of 10 μmol/L PMAxx for 10 min and then photolysis for 8 min. After PMAxx pretreatment, the difference in Ct values with or without PMAxx was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed a significant difference in Ct value before and after PMAxx treatment. Finally, the bacteria-contaminated fresh juice samples treated with PMAxx dye were detected by mPCR. The detection limit of PMAxx-mPCR was 102 colony-forming units (CFU)/mL for E. coli, Shigella, P. aeruginosa, and K. pneumoniae and 103 CFU/mL for S. aureus. Compared with mPCR detection of samples without PMAxx treatment, the proposed method solved the false-positive problem due to dead bacteria. Hence, an accurate and efficient method for the simultaneous detection of five types of pathogenic bacteria was established. This method could be applied to analytical procedures for ensuring food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Huang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yaoqiang Shi
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Qinqin Han
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xue-Shan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - A-Mei Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China.,Molecular Medicine Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
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Saengsawang N, Ruang-Areerate T, Kesakomol P, Thita T, Mungthin M, Dungchai W. Development of a fluorescent distance-based paper device using loop-mediated isothermal amplification to detect Escherichia coli in urine. Analyst 2021; 145:8077-8086. [PMID: 33078771 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01306d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The highly sensitive and selective determination of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in urine was achieved using a SYBR™ safe loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method with a distance-based paper device. New primers set specific to multi-copy the 16s rRNA gene of E. coli were designed and used in this study. The detection sensitivity of these primers was higher than in related work and they could be incorporated with a low-cost paper-based device to quantify E. coli in urine at a concentration lower than 101 CFU mL-1. Regarding standard artificial urine, a linear range of a 10-fold dilution of E. coli concentration (105-100 CFU mL-1) with an R-square value (R2) = 0.9823 was observed directly using a fluorescent migratory distance of the 4 μL reaction mixture in the detection zone under blue light without the need for postreaction staining process. Based on the device, E. coli infection could be significantly categorized into 3 groups; none, light, and heavy levels, which is beneficial for UTI diagnosis. Hence, this paper-based device is suitable for use with the SYBR™ Safe-LAMP assay to semi-quantify E. coli, especially in resource-limited settings due to advantages of low cost, simple fabrication and operation, and no requirement for sophisticated instruments, as well as its disposability and portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natkrittaya Saengsawang
- Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand.
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Choopara I, Suea-Ngam A, Teethaisong Y, Howes PD, Schmelcher M, Leelahavanichkul A, Thunyaharn S, Wongsawaeng D, deMello AJ, Dean D, Somboonna N. Fluorometric Paper-Based, Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Devices for Quantitative Point-of-Care Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). ACS Sens 2021; 6:742-751. [PMID: 33439634 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has been widely used to detect many infectious diseases. However, minor inconveniences during the steps of adding reaction ingredients and lack of simple color results hinder point-of-care detection. We therefore invented a fluorometric paper-based LAMP by incorporating LAMP reagents, including a biotinylated primer, onto a cellulose membrane paper, with a simple DNA fluorescent dye incubation that demonstrated rapid and accurate results parallel to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) methods. This technology allows for instant paper strip detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the laboratory and clinical samples. MRSA represents a major public health problem as it can cause infections in different parts of the human body and yet is resistant to commonly used antibiotics. In this study, we optimized LAMP reaction ingredients and incubation conditions following a central composite design (CCD) that yielded the shortest reaction time with high sensitivity. These CCD components and conditions were used to construct the paper-based LAMP reaction by immobilizing the biotinylated primer and the rest of the LAMP reagents to produce the ready-to-use MRSA diagnostic device. Our paper-based LAMP device could detect as low as 10 ag (equivalent to 1 copy) of the MRSA gene mecA within 36-43 min, was evaluated using both laboratory (individual cultures of MRSA and non-MRSA bacteria) and clinical blood samples to be 100% specific and sensitive compared to qPCR results, and had 35 day stability under 25 °C storage. Furthermore, the color readout allows for quantitation of MRSA copies. Hence, this device is applicable for point-of-care MRSA detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilada Choopara
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yothin Teethaisong
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Philip D. Howes
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Schmelcher
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-mediated Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- STAR on Craniofacial and Skeleton Disorders, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sudaluck Thunyaharn
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Nakhonratchasima College, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Doonyapong Wongsawaeng
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Dean
- Center for Immunobiology and Vaccine Development, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California 94609, United States
- Department of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- UC Berkeley/UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Jurinjak Tušek A, Šalić A, Valinger D, Jurina T, Benković M, Kljusurić JG, Zelić B. The power of microsystem technology in the food industry – Going small makes it better. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Zeng Z, Zeng G, Xiao R, Wang Y, Hu Y, Tang L, Feng C. Sensors for the environmental pollutant detection: Are we already there? Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Li Z, Bai Y, You M, Hu J, Yao C, Cao L, Xu F. Fully integrated microfluidic devices for qualitative, quantitative and digital nucleic acids testing at point of care. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 177:112952. [PMID: 33453463 PMCID: PMC7774487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Benefiting from emerging miniaturized and equipment-free nucleic acid testing (NAT) technologies, fully integrated NAT devices at point of care (POC) with the capability of "sample-in-answer-out" are proceeding at a break-neck speed to eliminate complex operations and reduce the risk of contamination. Like the development of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology (the standard technique for NAT), the detection signal of fully integrated NAT devices has evolved from qualitative to quantitative and recently to digital readout, aiming at expanding their extensive applications through gradually improving detection sensitivity and accuracy. This review firstly introduces the existing commercial products, and then illustrates recent fully integrated microfluidic devices for NAT at POC from the aspect of detection signals (i.e., qualitative, quantitative and digital). Importantly, the key issues of existing commercial products and the main challenges between scientific research and product development are discussed. On this basis, we envision that the MARCHED (miniaturized, automatic, reagent-preloaded, commercializable, high-throughput, environment-independent and disposable) NAT devices are expected to be realized in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Yuemeng Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Minli You
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - Jie Hu
- Suzhou DiYinAn Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Suzhou, 215010, PR China
| | - Chunyan Yao
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, PR China.
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China; Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China.
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Campbell VR, Carson MS, Lao A, Maran K, Yang EJ, Kamei DT. Point-of-Need Diagnostics for Foodborne Pathogen Screening. SLAS Technol 2020; 26:55-79. [PMID: 33012245 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320962003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne illness is a major public health issue that results in millions of global infections annually. The burden of such illness sits mostly with developing countries, as access to advanced laboratory equipment and skilled lab technicians, as well as consistent power sources, is limited and expensive. Current gold standards in foodborne pathogen screening involve labor-intensive sample enrichment steps, pathogen isolation and purification, and costly readout machinery. Overall, time to detection can take multiple days, excluding the time it takes to ship samples to off-site laboratories. Efforts have been made to simplify the workflow of such tests by integrating multiple steps of foodborne pathogen screening procedures into a singular device, as well as implementing more point-of-need readout methods. In this review, we explore recent advancements in developing point-of-need devices for foodborne pathogen screening. We discuss the detection of surface markers, nucleic acids, and metabolic products using both paper-based and microfluidic devices, focusing primarily on developments that have been made between 2015 and mid-2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica R Campbell
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariam S Carson
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amelia Lao
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kajal Maran
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric J Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T Kamei
- Department of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Nguyen T, Chidambara VA, Andreasen SZ, Golabi M, Huynh VN, Linh QT, Bang DD, Wolff A. Point-of-care devices for pathogen detections: The three most important factors to realise towards commercialization. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Silva Zatti M, Domingos Arantes T, Cordeiro Theodoro R. Isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques for detection and identification of pathogenic fungi: A review. Mycoses 2020; 63:1006-1020. [PMID: 32648947 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections have increased during the last years due to the AIDS epidemic and immunosuppressive therapies. The available diagnostic methods, such as culture, histopathology and serology, have several drawbacks regarding sensitivity, specificity and time-consuming, while molecular methods are still expensive and dependent on many devices. In order to overcome these challenges, isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques (INAT) arose as promising diagnostic methods for infectious diseases. OBJECTIVE This review aimed to present and discuss the main contributions of the isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques applied in medical mycology. METHODS Papers containing terms for each INAT (NASBA, RCA, LAMP, CPA, SDA, HAD or PSR) and the terms 'mycoses' or 'disease, fungal' were obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information database until August 2019. RESULTS NASBA, RCA, LAMP and PSR are the INAT reported in the literature for detection and identification of pathogenic fungi. Despite the need of a previous conventional PCR, the RCA technique might also be used for genotyping or cryptic species differentiation, which may be important for the treatment of certain mycoses; nevertheless, LAMP is the most used INAT for pathogen detection. CONCLUSION Among all INATs herein reviewed, LAMP seems to be the most appropriate method for fungal detection, since it is affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid, robust, equipment-free and deliverable to end-users, fulfilling all ASSURED criteria of the World Health Organization for an ideal diagnostic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Silva Zatti
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Thales Domingos Arantes
- Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Raquel Cordeiro Theodoro
- Institute of Tropical Medicine of Rio Grande do Norte, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
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Bonney LC, Watson RJ, Slack GS, Bosworth A, Wand NIV, Hewson R. A flexible format LAMP assay for rapid detection of Ebola virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008496. [PMID: 32735587 PMCID: PMC7423149 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The unprecedented 2013/16 outbreak of Zaire ebolavirus (Ebola virus) in West Africa has highighted the need for rapid, high-throughput and POC diagnostic assays to enable timely detection and appropriate triaging of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) patients. Ebola virus is highly infectious and prompt diagnosis and triage is crucial in preventing further spread within community and healthcare settings. Moreover, due to the ecology of Ebola virus it is important that newly developed diagnostic assays are suitable for use in both the healthcare environment and low resource rural locations. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPLE FINDINGS A LAMP assay was successfully developed with three detection formats; a real-time intercalating dye-based assay, a real-time probe-based assay to enable multiplexing and an end-point colourimetric assay to simplify interpretation for the field. All assay formats were sensitive and specific, detecting a range of Ebola virus strains isolated in 1976-2014; with Probit analysis predicting limits of detection of 243, 290 and 75 copies/reaction respectively and no cross-detection of related strains or other viral haemorrhagic fevers (VHF's). The assays are rapid, (as fast as 5-7.25 mins for real-time formats) and robust, detecting Ebola virus RNA in presence of minimally diluted bodily fluids. Moreover, when tested on patient samples from the 2013/16 outbreak, there were no false positives and 93-96% of all new case positives were detected, with only a failure to detect very low copy number samples. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These are a set of robust and adaptable diagnostic solutions, which are fast, easy-to-perform-and-interpret and are suitable for use on a range of platforms including portable low-power devices. They can be readily transferred to field-laboratory settings, with no specific equipment needs and are therefore ideally placed for use in locations with limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. Bonney
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Watson
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian S. Slack
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Bosworth
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Nadina I. Vasileva Wand
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Hewson
- Public Health England, National Infection Service, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
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Ağel HE, Sağcan H, Ceyhan I, Durmaz R. Optimization of isothermal amplification method for Mycobacteriumtuberculosisdetection and visualization method for fieldwork. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1069-1075. [PMID: 32151124 PMCID: PMC7379476 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Tuberculosis is still one of the most contagious diseases around the world. Key factors of tuberculosis control are rapid diagnostic, efficient treatment, and prevention of contamination by surveillance and monitoring. However, culture is the gold standard method for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis; the results are several weeks to obtain. In order to prevent contamination of tuberculosis, diagnosis must be made in short time and treatment should be started as soon as possible. The aim of this study is to optimize the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, which provides a much faster and more sensitive result than the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and allows the replication of target nucleic acid sequences under isothermal conditions without the need for laboratory infrastructure. Materials and methods Sputum samples were homogenized with 5% trypsin solution in CaCl2 to obtain DNA. DNA was purified using QIAGEN QIAamp DNA mini kit. LAMP primers were design using Primer explorer V5 program according to IS6110 gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. NEB Bst 3.0 DNA polymerase kit was used for LAMP reactions. Besides, LAMP reactions were compared with TaqMan based RT-PCR method using NEB’s Taq polymerase kit. Finally, for visualization of LAMP products, lateral flow dipsticks that produced by Milenia Biotec, colorimetric 2X LAMP master mix that produced by NEB and 2% w/v agarose gel electrophoresis methods were used. Results Optimum amplification temperature for LAMP was found to be 71.4 °C. The detection limit of the method was 102 CFU/mL and sensitivity was determined 100% compared to five different Mycobacterium species. Conclusion The current study indicated that the LAMP-LFD and colorimetric LAMP protocol optimized with sputum samples can be reliable used as a rapid, sensitive and specific assay in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Esra Ağel
- Materials Institute, TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Hasan Sağcan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ismail Ceyhan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Atatürk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Riza Durmaz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Fu S, Jiang Y, Qin X, Yang T, Chen S, Yang X, Zhang W, Qu Y, Man C. Electricity-free amplification and visual detection of Cronobacter species in powdered infant formula. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:6882-6893. [PMID: 32505404 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the lack of electricity and thermostatic instruments in certain settings for convenient detection of Cronobacter species in powdered infant formula (PIF), a novel investigation was conducted to establish an electricity-free visual detection system for rapid detection of Cronobacter species in PIF. This system included a portable electricity-free heater that could use the exothermic reaction of calcium oxide and water and 3 kinds of phase change materials to supply 3 constant temperatures for immunomagnetic separation, DNA extraction, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. Meanwhile, the amplified reaction combined with hydroxynaphthol blue could achieve rapid visual detection. Primers designed based on the 16S-23S ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer were used in loop-mediated isothermal amplification to specifically monitor Cronobacter species, and the detection limit can reach 4.2 × 102 cfu/g in PIF by an electricity-free heater in 2 h 30 min. Moreover, 2 h of pre-enrichment was necessary when the level of the PIF samples with Cronobacter spp. was 100 cfu/g. The stability of the system was evaluated in ambient temperature at 4°C, 25°C, and 37°C. The results suggested that the electricity-free heater can maintain 3 constant temperatures to support different processes. Therefore, this amplification and visual system is applicable for use in many fields for rapid and specific detection of Cronobacter species in PIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqian Fu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yujun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xue Qin
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sihan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanyan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chaoxin Man
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Yao Y, Chen X, Zhang X, Liu Q, Zhu J, Zhao W, Liu S, Sui G. Rapid Detection of Influenza Virus Subtypes Based on an Integrated Centrifugal Disc. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1354-1362. [PMID: 32248677 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b02595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Influenza is a zoonotic disease, infecting a wide variety of warm-blooded animals. It is caused by an influenza virus, which has been found with hundreds of subtypes. These subtypes are often associated with different sources of infection and possess complex courses of infection. In the early stage of influenza infection, rapid subtype detection is very practicable to prevent the disease from getting worse. Herein, we presented a high-throughput microfluidic centrifugal disc for rapid detection of influenza virus subtypes. The disc realized detection reagent preloads, automated reagent control, and RT-LAMP detections. Six kinds of highly pathogenic influenza viruses could be simultaneously identified, including influenza A subtypes H1, H3, H5, H7, and H9 and influenza B virus. Two different fluorescent dyes could be used on the disc for real-time detection or read by the naked eye. The performance of the disc was demonstrated by testing the clinical samples. The integrated centrifugal disc was expected for rapid detection of influenza virus subtypes to facilitate accurate drug usage in resource-constrained settings and contribute to reduce the risk of the influenza pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology (CICAEET), Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
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Application of Microfluidic Chip Technology in Food Safety Sensing. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20061792. [PMID: 32213909 PMCID: PMC7146374 DOI: 10.3390/s20061792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Food safety analysis is an important procedure to control food contamination and supervision. It is urgently needed to construct effective methods for on-site, fast, accurate and popular food safety sensing. Among them, microfluidic chip technology exhibits distinguish advantages in detection, including less sample consumption, fast detection, simple operation, multi-functional integration, small size, multiplex detection and portability. In this review, we introduce the classification, material, processing and application of the microfluidic chip in food safety sensing, in order to provide a good guide for food safety monitoring.
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Sustainable, Alginate-Based Sensor for Detection of Escherichia coli in Human Breast Milk. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20041145. [PMID: 32093069 PMCID: PMC7071128 DOI: 10.3390/s20041145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are no existing affordable diagnostics for sensitive, rapid, and on-site detection of pathogens in milk. To this end, an on-site colorimetric-based sustainable assay has been developed and optimized using an L16 (54) Taguchi design to obtain results in hours without PCR amplification. To determine the level of Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination, after induction with 150 µL of breast milk, the B-Per bacterial protein extraction kit was added to a solution containing an alginate-based microcapsule assay. Within this 3 mm spherical novel sensor design, X-Gal (5-Bromo-4-Chloro-3-Indolyl β-d-Galactopyranoside) was entrapped at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. The outward diffusing X-Gal was cleaved by β-galactosidase from E. coli and dimerized in the solution to yield a blue color after incubation at 40 °C. Color intensity was correlated with the level of E. coli contamination using a categorical scale. After an 8 h incubation period, a continuous imaging scale based on intensity normalization was used to determine a binary lower limit of detection (LOD), which corresponded to 102 colony forming unit per mL (CFU/mL) and above. The cost of the overall assay was estimated to be $0.81 per sample, well under the $3 benchmark for state-of-the-art immune-based test kits for pathogen detection in biofluids. Considering the reported binary LOD cutoff of 102 CFU/mL and above, this proposed hydrogel-based assay is suited to meet global requirements for screening breast milk or milk for pathogenic organisms of 104 CFU/mL, with a percentage of false positives to be determined in future efforts.
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Wang LX, Fu JJ, Zhou Y, Chen G, Fang C, Lu ZS, Yu L. On-chip RT-LAMP and colorimetric detection of the prostate cancer 3 biomarker with an integrated thermal and imaging box. Talanta 2020; 208:120407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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