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Zhang H, Li L, Wang S, Sun X, Luo C, Hou B. Construction of dentin-on-a-chip based on microfluidic technology and tissue engineering. J Dent 2024; 146:105028. [PMID: 38719135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems perform better in resembling tissue or organism structures compared with traditional 2D models. Organs-on-chips (OoCs) are becoming more efficient 3D models. This study aimed to create a novel simplified dentin-on-a-chip using microfluidic chip technology and tissue engineering for screening dental materials. METHODOLOGY A microfluidic device with three channels was designed for creating 3D dental tissue constructs using stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). The study investigated the effect of varying cell densities and GelMA concentrations on the layer features formed within the microfluidic chip. Cell viability and distribution were evaluated through live/dead staining and nuclei/F-actin staining. The osteo/odontogenic potential was assessed through ALP staining and Alizarin red staining. The impact of GelMA concentrations (5 %, 10 %) on the osteo/odontogenic differentiation trajectory of SCAP was also studied. RESULTS The 3D tissue constructs maintained high viability and favorable spreading within the microfluidic chip for 3-7 days. A cell seeding density of 2 × 104 cells/μL was found to be the most optimal choice, ensuring favorable cell proliferation and even distribution. GelMA concentrations of 5 % and 10 % proved to be most effective for promoting cell growth and uniform distribution. Within the 5 % GelMA group, SCAP demonstrated higher osteo/odontogenic differentiation than that in the 10 % GelMA group. CONCLUSION In 3D culture, GelMA concentration was found to regulate the osteo/odontogenic differentiation of SCAP. The study recommends a seeding density of 2 × 104 cells/μL of SCAP within 5 % GelMA for constructing simplified dentin-on-a-chip. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study built up the 3D culture protocol, and induced odontogenic differentiation of SCAP, thus forming the simplified dentin-on-a-chip and paving the way to be used as a well-defined biological model for regenerative endodontics. It may serve as a potential testing platform for cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexuan Zhang
- Center for Microscope Enhanced Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100162, PR China; Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Lingjun Li
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, PR China.
| | - Shujing Wang
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Sun
- Department of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Chunxiong Luo
- Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325001, PR China; The State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China.
| | - Benxiang Hou
- Center for Microscope Enhanced Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100162, PR China.
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Pierfelice TV, D'Amico E, Petrini M, Romano M, D'Arcangelo C, Sbordone L, Barone A, Plebani R, Iezzi G. A Systematic Review on Organ-on-a-Chip in PDMS or Hydrogel in Dentistry: An Update of the Literature. Gels 2024; 10:102. [PMID: 38391432 PMCID: PMC10887950 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) are microfluidic devices constituted by PDMS or hydrogel in which different layers of cells are separated by a semipermeable membrane. This technology can set many parameters, like fluid shear stress, chemical concentration gradient, tissue-organ interface, and cell interaction. The use of these devices in medical research permits the investigation of cell patterning, tissue-material interface, and organ-organ interaction, mimicking the complex structures and microenvironment of human and animal bodies. This technology allows us to reconstitute in vitro complex conditions that recapitulate in vivo environments. One of the main advantages of these systems is that they represent a very realistic model that, in many cases, can replace animal experimentation, eliminating costs and related ethical issues. Organ-on-a-chip can also contain bacteria or cancer cells. This technology could be beneficial in dentistry for testing novel antibacterial substances and biomaterials, performing studies on inflammatory disease, or planning preclinical studies. A significant number of publications and reviews have been published on this topic. Still, to our knowledge, they mainly focus on the materials used for fabrication and the different patterns of the chip applied to the experimentations. This review presents the most recent applications of organ-on-a-chip models in dentistry, starting from the reconstituted dental tissues to their clinical applications and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D'Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mario Romano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Camillo D'Arcangelo
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ludovico Sbordone
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Antonio Barone
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathologies and of the Critical Needs, School of Dentistry, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Complex Unit of Stomatology and Oral Surgery, University Hospital of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Plebani
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Syahruddin MH, Anggraeni R, Ana ID. A microfluidic organ-on-a-chip: into the next decade of bone tissue engineering applied in dentistry. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO902. [PMID: 37753360 PMCID: PMC10518836 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the complex physiological and pathological processes associated with alveolar bones, their responses to different therapeutics strategies, and cell interactions with biomaterial becomes necessary in precisely treating patients with severe progressive periodontitis, as a bone-related issue in dentistry. However, existing monolayer cell culture or pre-clinical models have been unable to mimic the complex physiological, pathological and regeneration processes in the bone microenvironment in response to different therapeutic strategies. In this point, 'organ-on-a-chip' (OOAC) technology, specifically 'alveolar-bone-on-a-chip', is expected to resolve the problems by better imitating infection site microenvironment and microphysiology within the oral tissues. The OOAC technology is assessed in this study toward better approaches in disease modeling and better therapeutics strategy for bone tissue engineering applied in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hidayat Syahruddin
- Postgraduate Student, Dental Science Doctoral Study Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Rahmi Anggraeni
- Research Center for Preclinical & Clinical Medicine, National Research & Innovation Agency of the Republic of Indonesia, Cibinong Science Center, Bogor, 16915, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research & Innovation Agency (BRIN) – Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Ika Dewi Ana
- Department of Dental Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
- Research Collaboration Center for Biomedical Scaffolds, National Research & Innovation Agency (BRIN) – Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
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4
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Suarez GD, Bayer S, Tang YYK, Suarez DA, Cheung PPH, Nagl S. Rapid microfluidics prototyping through variotherm desktop injection molding for multiplex diagnostics. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3850-3861. [PMID: 37534874 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate an inexpensive method of prototyping microfluidics using a desktop injection molding machine. A centrifugal microfluidic device with a novel central filling mechanism was developed to demonstrate the technique. We overcame the limitations of desktop machines in replicating microfluidic features by variotherm heating and cooling the mold between 50 °C and 110 °C within two minutes. Variotherm heating enabled good replication of microfeatures, with a coefficient of variation averaging only 3.6% attained for the measured widths of 100 μm wide molded channels. Using this methodology, we produced functional polystyrene centrifugal microfluidic chips, capable of aliquoting fluids into 5.0 μL reaction chambers with 97.5% accuracy. We performed allele-specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (AS-LAMP) reactions for genotyping CYP2C19 alleles on these chips. Readouts were generated using optical pH sensors integrated onto chips, by drop-casting sensor precursor solutions into reaction chambers before final chip assembly. Positive reactions could be discerned by decreases in pH sensor fluorescence, thresholded against negative control reactions lacking the primers for nucleic acid amplification and with time-to-results averaging 38 minutes. Variotherm desktop injection molding can enable researchers to prototype microfluidic devices more cost-effectively, in an iterative fashion, due to reduced costs of smaller, in-house molds. Designs prototyped this way can be directly translated to mass production, enhancing their commercialization potential and positive impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianmarco D Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Steevanson Bayer
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Yuki Yu Kiu Tang
- Quommni Technologies Limited, Tsuen Wan, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | | | - Peter Pak-Hang Cheung
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Stefan Nagl
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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5
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Jia N, Daignault-Bouchard A, Deng T, Mayerhöfer TG, Bégin-Drolet A, Greener J. SpectIR-fluidics: completely customizable microfluidic cartridges for high sensitivity on-chip infrared spectroscopy with point-of-application studies on bacterial biofilms. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:3561-3570. [PMID: 37403603 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00388d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a generalizable fabrication method for a new class of analytical devices that merges virtually any microfluidic design with high-sensitivity on-chip attenuated total reflection (ATR) sampling using any standard Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. Termed "spectIR-fluidics", a major design feature is the integration of a multi-groove silicon ATR crystal into a microfluidic device, compared with previous approaches in which the ATR surface served as a structural support for the entire device. This was accomplished by the design, fabrication, and aligned bonding of a highly engineered ATR sensing layer, which con```tains a seamlessly embedded ATR crystal on the channel side and an optical access port that matched the spectrometer light path characteristics at the device exterior. The refocused role of the ATR crystal as a dedicated analytical element, combined with optimized light coupling to the spectrometer, results in limits of detection as low as 540 nM for a D-glucose solution, arbitrarily complex channel features that are fully enclosed, and up to 18 world-to-chip connections. Three purpose-built spectIR-fluidic cartridges are used in a series of validation experiments followed by several point-of-application studies on biofilms from the gut microbiota of plastic-consuming insects using a small portable spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Arthur Daignault-Bouchard
- Département de génie mécanique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Tianyang Deng
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Thomas G Mayerhöfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, Jena, 07745, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University, Helmholtzweg 4, Jena, 07743, Germany
| | - André Bégin-Drolet
- Département de génie mécanique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- CHU de Québec, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
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6
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Yuan L, Straub H, Shishaeva L, Ren Q. Microfluidics for Biofilm Studies. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2023; 16:139-159. [PMID: 37314876 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-091522-103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are multicellular communities held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix and exhibit a set of properties that distinguish them from free-living bacteria. Biofilms are exposed to a variety of mechanical and chemical cues resulting from fluid motion and mass transport. Microfluidics provides the precise control of hydrodynamic and physicochemical microenvironments to study biofilms in general. In this review, we summarize the recent progress made in microfluidics-based biofilm research, including understanding the mechanism of bacterial adhesion and biofilm development, assessment of antifouling and antimicrobial properties, development of advanced in vitro infection models, and advancement in methods to characterize biofilms. Finally, we provide a perspective on the future direction of microfluidics-assisted biofilm research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yuan
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China;
| | - Hervé Straub
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Liubov Shishaeva
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen, Switzerland;
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7
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Huang C, Sanaei F, Verdurmen WPR, Yang F, Ji W, Walboomers XF. The Application of Organs-on-a-Chip in Dental, Oral, and Craniofacial Research. J Dent Res 2023; 102:364-375. [PMID: 36726271 PMCID: PMC10031637 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current development of microfluidics-based microphysiological systems (MPSs) will rapidly lead to a paradigm shift from traditional static 2-dimensional cell cultivation towards organized tissue culture within a dynamic cellular milieu. Especially organs-on-a-chip (OoCs) can very precisely re-create the mechanical and unique anatomical structures of the oral environment. This review provides an introduction to such technology, from commonly used chip materials and fabrication methods to the application of OoC in in vitro culture. OoCs are advantageous because of their small-scaled culture environment, the highly controlled dynamic experimental conditions, and the likeness to the in vivo structure. We specifically focus on current chip designs in dental, oral, and craniofacial (DOC) research. Also, future perspectives are discussed, like model standardization and the development of integrated platforms with advanced read-out functionality. By doing so, it will be possible for OoCs to serve as an alternative for animal testing and to develop highly predictive human models for clinical experiments and even personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - F Sanaei
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W P R Verdurmen
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - F Yang
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - W Ji
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Implantology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - X F Walboomers
- Department of Dentistry-Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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8
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Yu Y, Wen H, Li S, Cao H, Li X, Ma Z, She X, Zhou L, Huang S. Emerging microfluidic technologies for microbiome research. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906979. [PMID: 36051769 PMCID: PMC9424851 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the microbiome is increasingly prominent. For example, the human microbiome has been proven to be strongly associated with health conditions, while the environmental microbiome is recognized to have a profound influence on agriculture and even the global climate. Furthermore, the microbiome can serve as a fascinating reservoir of genes that encode tremendously valuable compounds for industrial and medical applications. In the past decades, various technologies have been developed to better understand and exploit the microbiome. In particular, microfluidics has demonstrated its strength and prominence in the microbiome research. By taking advantage of microfluidic technologies, inherited shortcomings of traditional methods such as low throughput, labor-consuming, and high-cost are being compensated or bypassed. In this review, we will summarize a broad spectrum of microfluidic technologies that have addressed various needs in the field of microbiome research, as well as the achievements that were enabled by the microfluidics (or technological advances). Finally, how microfluidics overcomes the limitations of conventional methods by technology integration will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sihong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haojie Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuefei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyi She
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuqiang Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuqiang Huang,
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9
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Picard-Lafond A, Larivière D, Boudreau D. Metal-Enhanced Hg 2+-Responsive Fluorescent Nanoprobes: From Morphological Design to Application to Natural Waters. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22944-22955. [PMID: 35811854 PMCID: PMC9260771 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is a powerful tool in the design of sensitive chemical sensors by improving brightness and photostability of target-responsive fluorophores. Compounding these advantages with the modest hardware requirements of fluorescence sensing compared to that of centralized elemental analysis instruments, thus expanding the use of MEF to the detection of low-level inorganic pollutants, is a compelling aspiration. Among the latter, monitoring mercury in the environment, where some of its species disseminate through the food chain and, in time, to humans, has elicited a broad research effort toward the development of Hg2+-responsive fluorescent sensors. Herein, a Hg2+-sensitive MEF-enabled probe was conceived by grafting a Hg2+-responsive fluorescein derivative to concentric Ag@SiO2 NPs, where the metallic core enhances fluorescence emission of molecular probes embedded in a surrounding silica shell. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements showed that the fluorophore's excited-state lifetime decreases from 3.9 ns in a solid, coreless silica sphere to 0.4 ns in the core-shell nanoprobe, granting the dye a better resistance to photobleaching. The Ag-core system showed a sizable improvement in the limit of detection at 2 nM (0.4 ppb) compared to 50 nM (10 ppb) in silica-only colloids, and its effectiveness for natural water analysis was demonstrated. Overall, the reported nanoarchitecture hints at the potential of MEF for heavy metal detection by fluorescence detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Picard-Lafond
- Département
de chimie and Centre d’optique, photonique et laser
(COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dominic Larivière
- Département
de chimie and Centre d’optique, photonique et laser
(COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Département
de chimie and Centre d’optique, photonique et laser
(COPL), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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10
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Dhall A, Ramjee R, Oh MJ, Tao K, Hwang G. A 3D-Printed Customizable Platform for Multiplex Dynamic Biofilm Studies. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2022; 7:2200138. [PMID: 35935146 PMCID: PMC9347831 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202200138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microbes that colonize surfaces. While several biofilm experimental models exist, they often have limited replications of spatiotemporal dynamics surrounding biofilms. For a better understanding dynamic and complex biofilm development, this manuscript presents a customizable platform compatible with off-the-shelf well plates that can monitor microbial adhesion, growth, and associated parameters under various relevant scenarios by taking advantage of 3D printing. The system i) holds any substrate in a stable, vertical position, ii) subjects samples to flow at different angles, iii) switches between static and dynamic modes during an experiment, and iv) allows multiplexing and real-time monitoring of biofilm parameters. Simulated fluid dynamics is employed to estimate flow patterns around discs and shear stresses at disc surfaces. A 3D printed peristaltic pump and a customized pH measurement system for real-time tracking of spent biofilm culture media are equipped with a graphical user interface that grants control over all experimental parameters. The system is tested under static and dynamic conditions with Streptococcus mutans using different carbon sources. By monitoring the effluent pH and characterizing biochemical, microbiological, and morphological properties of cultured biofilms, distinct properties are demonstrated. This novel platform liberates designing experimental strategies for investigations of biofilms under various conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Dhall
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ravikiran Ramjee
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Min Jun Oh
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kevin Tao
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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11
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Abstract
Microbial biofilms have caused serious concerns in healthcare, medical, and food industries because of their intrinsic resistance against conventional antibiotics and cleaning procedures and their capability to firmly adhere on surfaces for persistent contamination. These global issues strongly motivate researchers to develop novel methodologies to investigate the kinetics underlying biofilm formation, to understand the response of the biofilm with different chemical and physical treatments, and to identify biofilm-specific drugs with high-throughput screenings. Meanwhile microbial biofilms can also be utilized positively as sensing elements in cell-based sensors due to their strong adhesion on surfaces. In this perspective, we provide an overview on the connections between sensing and microbial biofilms, focusing on tools used to investigate biofilm properties, kinetics, and their response to chemicals or physical agents, and biofilm-based sensors, a type of biosensor using the bacterial biofilm as a biorecognition element to capture the presence of the target of interest by measuring the metabolic activity of the immobilized microbial cells. Finally we discuss possible new research directions for the development of robust and rapid biofilm related sensors with high temporal and spatial resolutions, pertinent to a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Funari
- Dipartimento di Fisica “M. Merlin”, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola, 173, Bari 70125, Italy
- CNR, Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Via Amendola, 173, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Amy Q. Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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12
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Wilder LM, Thompson JR, Crooks RM. Electrochemical pH regulation in droplet microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:632-640. [PMID: 35018955 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00952d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a method for electrochemical pH regulation in microdroplets generated in a microfluidic device. The key finding is that controlled quantities of reagents can be generated electrochemically in moving microdroplets confined within a microfluidic channel. Additionally, products generated at the anode and cathode can be isolated within descendant microdroplets. Specifically, ∼5 nL water-in-oil microdroplets are produced at a T-junction and then later split into two descendant droplets. During splitting, floor-patterned microelectrodes drive water electrolysis within the aqueous microdroplets to produce H+ and OH-. This results in a change in the pHs of the descendant droplets. The droplet pH can be regulated over a range of 5.9 to 7.7 by injecting controlled amounts of charge into the droplets. When the injected charge is between -6.3 and 54.5 nC nL-1, the measured pH of the resulting droplets is within ±0.1 pH units of that predicted based on the magnitude of the injected charge. This technique can likely be adapted to electrogeneration of other reagents within microdroplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan M Wilder
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Jonathan R Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Richard M Crooks
- Department of Chemistry and the Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th Street, Stop A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
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13
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Pérez‐Rodríguez S, García‐Aznar JM, Gonzalo‐Asensio J. Microfluidic devices for studying bacterial taxis, drug testing and biofilm formation. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 15:395-414. [PMID: 33645897 PMCID: PMC8867988 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Some bacteria have coevolved to establish symbiotic or pathogenic relationships with plants, animals or humans. With human association, the bacteria can cause a variety of diseases. Thus, understanding bacterial phenotypes at the single-cell level is essential to develop beneficial applications. Traditional microbiological techniques have provided great knowledge about these organisms; however, they have also shown limitations, such as difficulties in culturing some bacteria, the heterogeneity of bacterial populations or difficulties in recreating some physical or biological conditions. Microfluidics is an emerging technique that complements current biological assays. Since microfluidics works with micrometric volumes, it allows fine-tuning control of the test conditions. Moreover, it allows the recruitment of three-dimensional (3D) conditions, in which several processes can be integrated and gradients can be generated, thus imitating physiological 3D environments. Here, we review some key microfluidic-based studies describing the effects of different microenvironmental conditions on bacterial response, biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance. For this aim, we present different studies classified into six groups according to the design of the microfluidic device: (i) linear channels, (ii) mixing channels, (iii) multiple floors, (iv) porous devices, (v) topographic devices and (vi) droplet microfluidics. Hence, we highlight the potential and possibilities of using microfluidic-based technology to study bacterial phenotypes in comparison with traditional methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez‐Rodríguez
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza50018Spain
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE)IIS‐AragónZaragozaSpain
- Grupo de Genética de MicobacteriasDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZaragozaIIS AragónZaragoza50009Spain
| | - José Manuel García‐Aznar
- Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A)Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ZaragozaZaragoza50018Spain
- Multiscale in Mechanical and Biological Engineering (M2BE)IIS‐AragónZaragozaSpain
| | - Jesús Gonzalo‐Asensio
- Grupo de Genética de MicobacteriasDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZaragozaIIS AragónZaragoza50009Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades RespiratoriasInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid28029Spain
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI)Zaragoza50018Spain
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14
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Luo TL, Vanek ME, Gonzalez-Cabezas C, Marrs CF, Foxman B, Rickard AH. In vitro model systems for exploring oral biofilms: From single-species populations to complex multi-species communities. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:855-871. [PMID: 34216534 PMCID: PMC10505481 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Numerous in vitro biofilm model systems are available to study oral biofilms. Over the past several decades, increased understanding of oral biology and advances in technology have facilitated more accurate simulation of intraoral conditions and have allowed for the increased generalizability of in vitro oral biofilm studies. The integration of contemporary systems with confocal microscopy and 16S rRNA community profiling has enhanced the capabilities of in vitro biofilm model systems to quantify biofilm architecture and analyse microbial community composition. In this review, we describe several model systems relevant to modern in vitro oral biofilm studies: the constant depth film fermenter, Sorbarod perfusion system, drip-flow reactor, modified Robbins device, flowcells and microfluidic systems. We highlight how combining these systems with confocal microscopy and community composition analysis tools aids exploration of oral biofilm development under different conditions and in response to antimicrobial/anti-biofilm agents. The review closes with a discussion of future directions for the field of in vitro oral biofilm imaging and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting L. Luo
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael E. Vanek
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Cabezas
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carl F. Marrs
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Betsy Foxman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexander H. Rickard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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15
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Joly M, Deng T, Morhart TA, Wells G, Achenbach S, Bégin-Drolet A, Greener J. Scanning Aperture Approach for Spatially Selective ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy: Application to Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14076-14087. [PMID: 34636233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel spectroscopy accessory that can easily convert any Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer into a fully automated mapping and assaying system. The accessory uses a multiridge attenuated total reflection (ATR) wafer as the sensing element coupled with a moving aperture that is used to select the regions of interest on the wafer. In this demonstration, the accessory is combined with a series of parallel micropatterned channels, which are positioned co-linear with the light-coupling ridges on the opposite side of the ATR wafer. The ATR spectroscopy microfluidic assay accessory (ASMAA) was used in continuous mapping mode to scan perpendicular to the ATR ridges, revealing complex but repeatable oscillations in the spectral intensities. To understand this behavior, the light path through the optical components was simulated with consideration of the aperture position, ridge-to-channel alignment, and excitation beam profile. With this approach, the simulation reproduced the experimental mapping results and provided evidence that the measurement position and area changed with the aperture position. To demonstrate the assay mode, we obtained spectra along the centerline of individual microchannels and determined noise baselines and limits of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Joly
- Département de génie mécanique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Tianyang Deng
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Tyler A Morhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada.,Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Garth Wells
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Sven Achenbach
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - André Bégin-Drolet
- Département de génie mécanique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.,CHU de Québec, centre de recherche, Université Laval, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Québec, QC G1L 3L5, Canada
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16
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Algar WR, Massey M, Rees K, Higgins R, Krause KD, Darwish GH, Peveler WJ, Xiao Z, Tsai HY, Gupta R, Lix K, Tran MV, Kim H. Photoluminescent Nanoparticles for Chemical and Biological Analysis and Imaging. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9243-9358. [PMID: 34282906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Research related to the development and application of luminescent nanoparticles (LNPs) for chemical and biological analysis and imaging is flourishing. Novel materials and new applications continue to be reported after two decades of research. This review provides a comprehensive and heuristic overview of this field. It is targeted to both newcomers and experts who are interested in a critical assessment of LNP materials, their properties, strengths and weaknesses, and prospective applications. Numerous LNP materials are cataloged by fundamental descriptions of their chemical identities and physical morphology, quantitative photoluminescence (PL) properties, PL mechanisms, and surface chemistry. These materials include various semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, graphene derivatives, carbon dots, nanodiamonds, luminescent metal nanoclusters, lanthanide-doped upconversion nanoparticles and downshifting nanoparticles, triplet-triplet annihilation nanoparticles, persistent-luminescence nanoparticles, conjugated polymer nanoparticles and semiconducting polymer dots, multi-nanoparticle assemblies, and doped and labeled nanoparticles, including but not limited to those based on polymers and silica. As an exercise in the critical assessment of LNP properties, these materials are ranked by several application-related functional criteria. Additional sections highlight recent examples of advances in chemical and biological analysis, point-of-care diagnostics, and cellular, tissue, and in vivo imaging and theranostics. These examples are drawn from the recent literature and organized by both LNP material and the particular properties that are leveraged to an advantage. Finally, a perspective on what comes next for the field is offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Melissa Massey
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rehan Higgins
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Katherine D Krause
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ghinwa H Darwish
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - William J Peveler
- School of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Zhujun Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hsin-Yun Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rupsa Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Kelsi Lix
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael V Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Hyungki Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
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17
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Matzeu G, Naveh GRS, Agarwal S, Roshko JA, Ostrovsky‐Snider NA, Napier BS, Omenetto FG. Functionalized Mouth-Conformable Interfaces for pH Evaluation of the Oral Cavity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2003416. [PMID: 34165900 PMCID: PMC8224410 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Oral health monitoring is highly desired, especially for in home use, however, current methods are not sensitive enough and technically convoluted for this purpose. This paper presents incorporation of bioactive materials and colorimetric chemical sensors into routinely used oral appliances transforming them into bioresponsive, conformable interfaces. Specifically, endodontic paper points and dental floss can be functionalized to locally sense and monitor pH variations within the oral cavity via color changes. Moreover, edible colorimetric indicators are developed and used to make sensing, edible devices in the form factor of candies that can dynamically and visually respond to acidity changes in saliva. These interfaces would enable early detection of caries (e.g., using dental floss and paper points) providing low-cost point of care devices that respond in real-time by detecting pH variations in biological fluids thus bringing monitoring to home settings .
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Matzeu
- SilklabDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive ScienceTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
- Laboratory for Living DevicesTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | - Gili R. S. Naveh
- Harvard School of Dental Medicine188 Longwood AvenueBostonMA02115USA
| | - Siddhart Agarwal
- SilklabDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | - Jeffery A. Roshko
- SilklabDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | | | - Bradley S. Napier
- SilklabDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
| | - Fiorenzo G. Omenetto
- SilklabDepartment of Biomedical EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive ScienceTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
- Laboratory for Living DevicesTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
- Department of PhysicsTufts UniversityMedfordMA02155USA
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18
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Le Guern F, Mussard V, Gaucher A, Rottman M, Prim D. Fluorescein Derivatives as Fluorescent Probes for pH Monitoring along Recent Biological Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9217. [PMID: 33287208 PMCID: PMC7729466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potential of hydrogen (pH) is one of the most relevant parameters characterizing aqueous solutions. In biology, pH is intrinsically linked to cellular life since all metabolic pathways are implicated into ionic flows. In that way, determination of local pH offers a unique and major opportunity to increase our understanding of biological systems. Whereas the most common technique to obtain these data in analytical chemistry is to directly measure potential between two electrodes, in biological systems, this information has to be recovered in-situ without any physical interaction. Based on their non-invasive optical properties, fluorescent pH-sensitive probe are pertinent tools to develop. One of the most notorious pH-sensitive probes is fluorescein. In addition to excellent photophysical properties, this fluorophore presents a pH-sensitivity around neutral and physiologic domains. This review intends to shed new light on the recent use of fluorescein as pH-sensitive probes for biological applications, including targeted probes for specific imaging, flexible monitoring of bacterial growth, and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Le Guern
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France; (V.M.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Vanessa Mussard
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France; (V.M.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Anne Gaucher
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France; (V.M.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
| | - Martin Rottman
- Faculté de Médecine Simone Veil, Université de Versailles St Quentin, INSERM UMR U1173, 2 Avenue de la Source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny le Bretonneux, France;
- Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, AP-HP, GHU Paris Saclay, 104 Bd Poincaré, 92380 Garches, France
| | - Damien Prim
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 78035 Versailles, France; (V.M.); (A.G.); (D.P.)
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19
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Abstract
Micro and nanoparticles are not only understood as components of materials but as small functional units too. Particles can be designed for the primary transduction of physical and chemical signals and, therefore, become a valuable component in sensing systems. Due to their small size, they are particularly interesting for sensing in microfluidic systems, in microarray arrangements and in miniaturized biotechnological systems and microreactors, in general. Here, an overview of the recent development in the preparation of micro and nanoparticles for sensing purposes in microfluidics and application of particles in various microfluidic devices is presented. The concept of sensor particles is particularly useful for combining a direct contact between cells, biomolecules and media with a contactless optical readout. In addition to the construction and synthesis of micro and nanoparticles with transducer functions, examples of chemical and biological applications are reported.
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20
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Merkl P, Aschtgen MS, Henriques-Normark B, Sotiriou GA. Biofilm interfacial acidity evaluation by pH-Responsive luminescent nanoparticle films. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 171:112732. [PMID: 33120233 PMCID: PMC7116521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are dense bacterial colonies that may adhere to the surfaces of medical devices and are major contributors to infections. These colonies are characterized by a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Bacterial biofilms are difficult to treat with the commonly used antibiotics partially because of their poor diffusion through the EPS and therefore require new targeted strategies to effectively fight them. Biofilms may produce an acidic microenvironment which can be exploited to design such targeted treatment strategies. However, there is currently a lack of high-throughput ways to determine the acidity of biofilms at their interface with the medical device. Here, a novel all-inorganic pH responsive system is developed from luminescent carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles doped with Eu3+ ions which can determine the biofilm acidity fluorometrically due to carbonate removal in acidic environments that directly affects the nanoparticle luminescence. The pH responsive nanoparticles are in-situ deposited during their production onto substrates on which a variety of clinically-relevant biofilms are grown. The acidity of their interfacial (micro)environment depends on the bacterial species and strain even when differences in biofilm biomass are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padryk Merkl
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Marie-Stephanie Aschtgen
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Birgitta Henriques-Normark
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-171 76, Stockholm, Sweden; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKC), Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore.
| | - Georgios A Sotiriou
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.
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21
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Bhuyan T, Simon AT, Maity S, Singh AK, Ghosh SS, Bandyopadhyay D. Magnetotactic T-Budbots to Kill-n-Clean Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:43352-43364. [PMID: 32864951 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of persistent biofilm infections has turned out to be a formidable challenge even with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapies. In this direction, intelligent micromachines may serve as active mechanical means to dislodge such deleterious bacterial communities. Herein, we have designed biocompatible micromotors from tea buds, namely, T-Budbots, which shows the capacity to be magnetically driven on a biofilm matrix and remove or fragment biofilms with precision, as a part of the proposed non-invasive "Kill-n-Clean" strategy. In a way, we present a bactericidal robotic platform decorated with magnetite nanoparticles aimed at clearing in vitro biofilms present on the surfaces. We have also shown that the smart porous T-Budbots can integrate antibiotic ciprofloxacin due to electrostatic interaction on their surface to increase their antibacterial efficacy against dreadful pathogenic bacterial communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. It is noteworthy that the release of this drug can be controlled by tuning the surrounding pH of the T-Budbots. For example, while the acidic environment of the biofilm facilitates the release of antibiotics from the porous T-Budbots, the drug release was rather minimal at higher pH. The work represents a first step in the involvement of a plant-based microbot exhibiting magneto-robotic therapeutic properties, providing a non-invasive and safe approach to dismantle harmful biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamanna Bhuyan
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Anitha T Simon
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Surjendu Maity
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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22
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Fontaine N, Picard-Lafond A, Asselin J, Boudreau D. Thinking outside the shell: novel sensors designed from plasmon-enhanced fluorescent concentric nanoparticles. Analyst 2020; 145:5965-5980. [PMID: 32815925 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01092h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The alteration of photophysical properties of fluorophores in the vicinity of a metallic nanostructure, a phenomenon termed plasmon- or metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF), has been investigated extensively and used in a variety of proof-of-concept demonstrations over the years. A particularly active area of development in this regard has been the design of nanostructures where fluorophore and metallic core are held in a stable geometry that imparts improved luminosity and photostability to a plethora of organic fluorophores. This minireview presents an overview of MEF-based concentric core-shell sensors developed in the past few years. These architectures expand the range of applications of nanoparticles (NPs) beyond the uses possible with fluorescent molecules. Design aspects that are being described include the influence of the nanocomposite structure on MEF, notably the dependence of fluorescence intensity and lifetime on the distance to the plasmonic core. The chemical composition of nanocomposites as a design feature is also discussed, taking as an example the use of non-noble plasmonic metals such as indium as core materials to enhance multiple fluorophores throughout the UV-Vis range and tune the sensitivity of halide-sensing fluorophores operating on the principle of collisional quenching. Finally, the paper describes how various solid substrates can be functionalized with MEF-based nanosensors to bestow them with intense and photostable pH-sensitive properties for use in fields such as medical therapy and diagnostics, dentistry, biochemistry and microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fontaine
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la Médecine, Québec, CanadaG1V 0A6.
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23
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Jia N, Rosella E, Juère E, Pouliot R, Kleitz F, Greener J. A microfluidic approach to micromembrane synthesis for complex release profiles of nanocarriers. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1066-1071. [PMID: 32100795 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Physically crosslinked microscale biomembranes synthesized from pure chitosan are designed and demonstrated for pH-triggered release of embedded functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Nanoparticle-loaded membranes are formed in a microfluidic channel at the junction between accurately controlled co-flowing streams to achieve highly tuneable membrane properties. After formation, the loaded membranes remain stable until contact with physiological acidic conditions, resulting in controlled nanoparticle release. Furthermore, nanoparticle-loaded membranes with complex layered architectures are synthesized using different flow schemes, thus enabling customized nanoparticle release profiles. These novel materials are well-suited for integration within small medical devices as well as off-chip applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jia
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Erica Rosella
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Estelle Juère
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada and Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry - Functional Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la médecine, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada. and Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada
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24
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Abstract
Summary
Saliva as a microfluidic system offers numerous advantages for both general and oral health diagnostic and therapeutic procedures since its assembly is quick, stress-free, inexpensive and non-invasive. Moreover, saliva is frequently referred to as a mirror of the body due to the fact that it can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the body. More than a decade ago the term “Salivaomics” has been introduced with the aim of emphasizing the development of research, knowledge and applications of five salivary constituents: proteome, transcriptome, micro-RNA, metabolome, and microbiome. Contemporary oral health care delivery in pediatric and special care dentistry is focused toward the development of new diagnostic and therapeutical procedures that are essentially noninvasive due to common issue of intolerability to invasive procedures among these patients, with the possibility of increasing participation rates. Besides the criteria of being easily and non-invasive collected, there are additional standards that should be met before routine application in everyday clinical practice; the existence of specific biomarkers for a disease, and ability of having its biomarkers detected using present-day equipment. For example, there are recent suggestions that a salivary RNA panel could objectively differentiate children with autism spectrum disorder from their neurotypical peers. In addition, due to the ease of the administration, the oral cavity is an attractive site for the drug delivery systems development because through this route it is possible to realize mucosal and transmucosal, systemic effect. All these contemporary advances extended the salivary diagnostic approach from the oral to general health pointing towards a promising future of salivary diagnostics for personalized medicine devices.
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Shamsipur M, Barati A, Nematifar Z. Fluorescent pH nanosensors: Design strategies and applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ghoneim MT, Nguyen A, Dereje N, Huang J, Moore GC, Murzynowski PJ, Dagdeviren C. Recent Progress in Electrochemical pH-Sensing Materials and Configurations for Biomedical Applications. Chem Rev 2019; 119:5248-5297. [PMID: 30901212 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
pH-sensing materials and configurations are rapidly evolving toward exciting new applications, especially those in biomedical applications. In this review, we highlight rapid progress in electrochemical pH sensors over the past decade (2008-2018) with an emphasis on key considerations, such as materials selection, system configurations, and testing protocols. In addition to recent progress in optical pH sensors, our main focus in this review is on electromechanical pH sensors due to their significant advances, especially in biomedical applications. We summarize developments of electrochemical pH sensors that by virtue of their optimized material chemistries (from metal oxides to polymers) and geometrical features (from thin films to quantum dots) enable their adoption in biomedical applications. We further present an overview of necessary sensing standards and protocols. Standards ensure the establishment of consistent protocols, facilitating collective understanding of results and building on the current state. Furthermore, they enable objective benchmarking of various pH-sensing reports, materials, and systems, which is critical for the overall progression and development of the field. Additionally, we list critical issues in recent literary reporting and suggest various methods for objective benchmarking. pH regulation in the human body and state-of-the-art pH sensors (from ex vivo to in vivo) are compared for suitability in biomedical applications. We conclude our review by (i) identifying challenges that need to be overcome in electrochemical pH sensing and (ii) providing an outlook on future research along with insights, in which the integration of various pH sensors with advanced electronics can provide a new platform for the development of novel technologies for disease diagnostics and prevention.
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Pousti M, Zarabadi MP, Abbaszadeh Amirdehi M, Paquet-Mercier F, Greener J. Microfluidic bioanalytical flow cells for biofilm studies: a review. Analyst 2019; 144:68-86. [PMID: 30394455 DOI: 10.1039/c8an01526k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are among the oldest and most prevalent multicellular life forms on Earth and are increasingly relevant in research areas related to industrial fouling, medicine and biotechnology. The main hurdles to obtaining definitive experimental results include time-varying biofilm properties, structural and chemical heterogeneity, and especially their strong sensitivity to environmental cues. Therefore, in addition to judicious choice of measurement tools, a well-designed biofilm study requires strict control over experimental conditions, more so than most chemical studies. Due to excellent control over a host of physiochemical parameters, microfluidic flow cells have become indispensable in microbiological studies. Not surprisingly, the number of lab-on-chip studies focusing on biofilms and other microbiological systems with expanded analytical capabilities has expanded rapidly in the past decade. In this paper, we comprehensively review the current state of microfluidic bioanalytical research applied to bacterial biofilms and offer a perspective on new approaches that are expected to drive continued advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pousti
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mir Pouyan Zarabadi
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mehran Abbaszadeh Amirdehi
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - François Paquet-Mercier
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de chimie, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada and CHU de Quebec Research Centre, Laval University, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, (QC) G1L 3L5, Canada
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Zarabadi MP, Charette SJ, Greener J. Flow-Based Deacidification of Geobacter sulfurreducens
Biofilms Depends on Nutrient Conditions: a Microfluidic Bioelectrochemical Study. ChemElectroChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201800968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mir Pouyan Zarabadi
- Département de Chimie Faculté des sciences et de génie; Université Laval; Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Steve J. Charette
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes; Université Laval; Québec City, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec; Québec City, QC Canada
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie; Université Laval; Québec City, QC Canada
| | - Jesse Greener
- Département de Chimie Faculté des sciences et de génie; Université Laval; Québec City, QC Canada
- CHU de Québec centre de recherche; Université Laval; 10 rue de l'Espinay Québec, QC Canada
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Retterer ST, Morrell-Falvey JL, Doktycz MJ. Nano-Enabled Approaches to Chemical Imaging in Biosystems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:351-373. [PMID: 29490189 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting how biosystems function require knowledge about the dynamic physicochemical environments with which they interact and alter by their presence. Yet, identifying specific components, tracking the dynamics of the system, and monitoring local environmental conditions without disrupting biosystem function present significant challenges for analytical measurements. Nanomaterials, by their very size and nature, can act as probes and interfaces to biosystems and offer solutions to some of these challenges. At the nanoscale, material properties emerge that can be exploited for localizing biomolecules and making chemical measurements at cellular and subcellular scales. Here, we review advances in chemical imaging enabled by nanoscale structures, in the use of nanoparticles as chemical and environmental probes, and in the development of micro- and nanoscale fluidic devices to define and manipulate local environments and facilitate chemical measurements of complex biosystems. Integration of these nano-enabled methods will lead to an unprecedented understanding of biosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA;
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA;
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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Asayesh F, Zarabadi MP, Greener J. A new look at bubbles during biofilm inoculation reveals pronounced effects on growth and patterning. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:064109. [PMID: 29282421 PMCID: PMC5729033 DOI: 10.1063/1.5005932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Specially designed microfluidic bioflow cells were used to temporarily trap microbubbles during different inoculation stages of Pseudomonas sp. biofilms. Despite being eliminated many hours before biofilm appearance, templated growth could occur at former bubble positions. Bubble-templated growth was either continuous or in ring patterns, depending on the stage of inoculation when the bubbles were introduced. Templated biofilms were strongly enhanced in terms of their growth kinetics and structural homogeneity. High resolution confocal imaging showed two separate bubble-induced bacterial trapping modes, which were responsible for the altered biofilm development. It is concluded that static bubbles can be exploited for fundamental improvements to bioreactor performance, as well as open new avenues to study isolated bacteria and small colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnaz Asayesh
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mir Pouyan Zarabadi
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences et de Génie, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Vanegas DC, Gomes CL, Cavallaro ND, Giraldo‐Escobar D, McLamore ES. Emerging Biorecognition and Transduction Schemes for Rapid Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria in Food. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2017; 16:1188-1205. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Vanegas
- Food Engineering Univ. del Valle 338 Ciudad Universitaria Meléndez Cali Colombia
| | - Carmen L. Gomes
- Biological & Agricultural Engineering Texas A&M Univ. 2117 TAMU, Scoates Hall 201 College Station TX 77843 U.S.A
| | - Nicholas D. Cavallaro
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering Univ. of Florida 1741 Museum Rd Gainesville FL 32606 U.S.A
| | | | - Eric S. McLamore
- Agricultural & Biological Engineering Univ. of Florida 1741 Museum Rd Gainesville FL 32606 U.S.A
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32
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Nagl S. Micro free-flow isoelectric focusing with integrated optical pH sensors. Eng Life Sci 2017; 18:114-123. [PMID: 32624893 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201700035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, a new observation method for monitoring of pH gradients in microfluidic free-flow electrophoresis has emerged. It is based on the use of chip-integrated fluorescent or luminescent micro sensor layers. These are able to monitor pH gradients in miniaturized separations in real time and spatially resolved; this is particularly useful in isoelectric focusing. Here these multifunctional microdevices that feature continuous separation, monitoring, and in some instances other functionalities, are reviewed. The employed microfabrication procedures to produce these devices are discussed and the different pH sensor matrices that were integrated and their applications in the separation of different types of biomolecules. The procedures for obtaining spatially resolved information about the separated molecules and the pH at the same time and different detection modalities to achieve this such as deep UV fluorescence as well as time-resolved referenced pH sensing and the integration of a precolumn labeling step into these platforms are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagl
- Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Kowloon Hong Kong SAR P. R. China
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Xiao J, Hara AT, Kim D, Zero DT, Koo H, Hwang G. Biofilm three-dimensional architecture influences in situ pH distribution pattern on the human enamel surface. Int J Oral Sci 2017; 9:74-79. [PMID: 28452377 PMCID: PMC5518976 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2017.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate how the biofilm three-dimensional (3D) architecture influences in situ pH distribution patterns on the enamel surface. Biofilms were formed on human tooth enamel in the presence of 1% sucrose or 0.5% glucose plus 0.5% fructose. At specific time points, biofilms were exposed to a neutral pH buffer to mimic the buffering of saliva and subsequently pulsed with 1% glucose to induce re-acidification. Simultaneous 3D pH mapping and architecture of intact biofilms was performed using two-photon confocal microscopy. The enamel surface and mineral content characteristics were examined successively via optical profilometry and microradiography analyses. Sucrose-mediated biofilm formation created spatial heterogeneities manifested by complex networks of bacterial clusters (microcolonies). Acidic regions (pH<5.5) were found only in the interior of microcolonies, which impedes rapid neutralization (taking more than 120 min for neutralization). Glucose exposure rapidly re-created the acidic niches, indicating formation of diffusion barriers associated with microcolonies structure. Enamel demineralization (white spots), rougher surface, deeper lesion and more mineral loss appeared to be associated with the localization of these bacterial clusters at the biofilm-enamel interface. Similar 3D architecture was observed in plaque-biofilms formed in vivo in the presence of sucrose. The formation of complex 3D architectures creates spatially heterogeneous acidic microenvironments in close proximity of enamel surface, which might correlate with the localized pattern of the onset of carious lesions (white spot like) on teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xiao
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, USA
| | - Anderson T Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Dongyeop Kim
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry &Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Domenick T Zero
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry &Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Geelsu Hwang
- Biofilm Research Laboratories, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry &Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Zhang Q, Castro Smirnov JR, Xia R, Pedrosa JM, Rodriguez I, Cabanillas-Gonzalez J, Huang W. Highly pH-responsive sensor based on amplified spontaneous emission coupled to colorimetry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46265. [PMID: 28387354 PMCID: PMC5384246 DOI: 10.1038/srep46265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrated a simple, directly-readable approach for high resolution pH sensing. The method was based on sharp changes in Amplified Spontaneous Emission (ASE) of a Stilbene 420 (ST) laser dye triggered by the pH-dependent absorption of Bromocresol Green (BG). The ASE threshold of BG:ST solution mixtures exhibited a strong dependence on BG absorption, which was drastically changed by the variations of the pH of BG solution. As a result, ASE on-off or off-on was observed with different pH levels achieved by ammonia doping. By changing the concentration of the BG solution and the BG:ST blend ratio, this approach allowed to detect pH changes with a sensitivity down to 0.05 in the 10–11 pH range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Institute of Advanced Materials, National Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jose R Castro Smirnov
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Ruidong Xia
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays &Institute of Advanced Materials, National Jiangsu Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jose M Pedrosa
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural System, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, ES 41013, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Juan Cabanillas-Gonzalez
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies, IMDEA Nanociencia, Calle Faraday 9, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, 28049, Spain
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu-Singapore Joint Research Center for Organic/Bio-Electronics &Information Displays, Nanjing Tech University, 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
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Zarabadi MP, Paquet-Mercier F, Charette SJ, Greener J. Hydrodynamic Effects on Biofilms at the Biointerface Using a Microfluidic Electrochemical Cell: Case Study of Pseudomonas sp. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:2041-2049. [PMID: 28147485 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The anchoring biofilm layer is expected to exhibit a different response to environmental stresses than for portions in the bulk, due to the protection from other strata and the proximity to the attachment surface. The effect of hydrodynamic stress on surface-adhered biofilm layers was tested using a specially designed microfluidic bio flow cell with an embedded three-electrode detection system. In situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of biocapacitance and bioresistance of Pseudomonas sp. biofilms were conducted during the growth phase and under different shear flow conditions with verification by other surface sensitive techniques. Distinct, but reversible changes to the amount of biofilm and its structure at the attachment surface were observed during the application of elevated shear stress. In contrast, regular microscopy revealed permanent distortion to the biofilm bulk, in the form of streamers and ripples. Following the application of extreme shear stresses, complete removal of significant portions of biofilm outer layers occurred, but this did not change the measured quantity of biofilm at the electrode attachment surface. The structure of the remaining biofilm, however, appeared to be modified and susceptible to further changes following application of shear stress directly to the unprotected biofilm layers at the attachment surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steve J Charette
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec , Québec City, Québec G1V 4G5, Canada
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Rath H, Stumpp SN, Stiesch M. Development of a flow chamber system for the reproducible in vitro analysis of biofilm formation on implant materials. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172095. [PMID: 28187188 PMCID: PMC5302373 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the introduction of modern dental implants in the 1980s, the number of inserted implants has steadily increased. Implant systems have become more sophisticated and have enormously enhanced patients’ quality of life. Although there has been tremendous development in implant materials and clinical methods, bacterial infections are still one of the major causes of implant failure. These infections involve the formation of sessile microbial communities, called biofilms. Biofilms possess unique physical and biochemical properties and are hard to treat conventionally. There is a great demand for innovative methods to functionalize surfaces antibacterially, which could be used as the basis of new implant technologies. Present, there are few test systems to evaluate bacterial growth on these surfaces under physiological flow conditions. We developed a flow chamber model optimized for the assessment of dental implant materials. As a result it could be shown that biofilms of the five important oral bacteria Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, can be reproducibly formed on the surface of titanium, a frequent implant material. This system can be run automatically in combination with an appropriate microscopic device and is a promising approach for testing the antibacterial effect of innovative dental materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryke Rath
- Department for Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Sascha Nico Stumpp
- Department for Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- Department for Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Asselin J, Lambert MP, Fontaine N, Boudreau D. A ratiometric nanoarchitecture for the simultaneous detection of pH and halide ions using UV plasmon-enhanced fluorescence. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:755-758. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc08693d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we designed a ratiometric core–shell nanoarchitecture composed of an indium UV plasmonic core, an internal reference (rhodamine B), a pH-sensitive probe (fluorescein), and a halide ion sensor (6-methoxyquinolinium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Asselin
- Département de Chimie et Centre d'optique Photonique et Laser (COPL)
- Université Laval
- Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Lambert
- Département de Chimie et Centre d'optique Photonique et Laser (COPL)
- Université Laval
- Canada
| | - Nicolas Fontaine
- Département de Chimie et Centre d'optique Photonique et Laser (COPL)
- Université Laval
- Canada
| | - Denis Boudreau
- Département de Chimie et Centre d'optique Photonique et Laser (COPL)
- Université Laval
- Canada
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Paquet-Mercier F, Parvinzadeh Gashti M, Bellavance J, Taghavi SM, Greener J. Through thick and thin: a microfluidic approach for continuous measurements of biofilm viscosity and the effect of ionic strength. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4710-4717. [PMID: 27808313 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01101b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Continuous, non-intrusive measurements of time-varying viscosity of Pseudomonas sp. biofilms are made using a microfluidic method that combines video tracking with a semi-empirical viscous flow model. The approach uses measured velocity and height of tracked biofilm segments, which move under the constant laminar flow of a nutrient solution. Following a low viscosity growth stage, rapid thickening was observed. During this stage, viscosity increased by over an order of magnitude in less than ten hours. The technique was also demonstrated as a promising platform for parallel experiments by subjecting multiple biofilm-laden microchannels to nutrient solutions containing NaCl in the range of 0 to 34 mM. Preliminary data suggest a strong relationship between ionic strength and biofilm properties, such as average viscosity and rapid thickening onset time. The technique opens the way for a combinatorial approach to study the response of biofilm viscosity under well-controlled physical, chemical and biological growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Paquet-Mercier
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | | | - J Bellavance
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - S M Taghavi
- Département de Génie Chimique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - J Greener
- Département de Chimie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Asselin J, Parvinzadeh Gashti M, Boudreau D, Greener J. A Microfluidic Platform with Nanoparticle-Based Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence for pH Mapping Acidified Aqueous Solutions by CO2 Microbubbles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1557/adv.2016.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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Lam RHW, Cui X, Guo W, Thorsen T. High-throughput dental biofilm growth analysis for multiparametric microenvironmental biochemical conditions using microfluidics. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:1652-62. [PMID: 27045372 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Dental biofilm formation is not only a precursor to tooth decay, but also induces more serious systematic health problems such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Understanding the conditions promoting colonization and subsequent biofilm development involving complex bacteria coaggregation is particularly important. In this paper, we report a high-throughput microfluidic 'artificial teeth' device offering controls of multiple microenvironmental factors (e.g. nutrients, growth factors, dissolved gases, and seeded cell populations) for quantitative characteristics of long-term dental bacteria growth and biofilm development. This 'artificial teeth' device contains multiple (up to 128) incubation chambers to perform parallel cultivation and analyses (e.g. biofilm thickness, viable-dead cell ratio, and spatial distribution of multiple bacterial species) of bacteria samples under a matrix of different combinations of microenvironmental factors, further revealing possible developmental mechanisms of dental biofilms. Specifically, we applied the 'artificial teeth' to investigate the growth of two key dental bacteria, Streptococci species and Fusobacterium nucleatum, in the biofilm under different dissolved gas conditions and sucrose concentrations. Together, this high-throughput microfluidic platform can provide extended applications for general biofilm research, including screening of the biofilm properties developing under combinations of specified growth parameters such as seeding bacteria populations, growth medium compositions, medium flow rates and dissolved gas levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond H W Lam
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. and Centre for Robotics and Automation, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong and Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Cui
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Weijin Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Todd Thorsen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, USA.
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