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Hagen WR. Quantum Magnetism of the Iron Core in Ferritin Proteins-A Re-Evaluation of the Giant-Spin Model. Molecules 2024; 29:2254. [PMID: 38792115 PMCID: PMC11123763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The electron-electron, or zero-field interaction (ZFI) in the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) of high-spin transition ions in metalloproteins and coordination complexes, is commonly described by a simple spin Hamiltonian that is second-order in the spin S: H=D[Sz2-SS+1/3+E(Sx2-Sy2). Symmetry considerations, however, allow for fourth-order terms when S ≥ 2. In metalloprotein EPR studies, these terms have rarely been explored. Metal ions can cluster via non-metal bridges, as, for example, in iron-sulfur clusters, in which exchange interaction can result in higher system spin, and this would allow for sixth- and higher-order ZFI terms. For metalloproteins, these have thus far been completely ignored. Single-molecule magnets (SMMs) are multi-metal ion high spin complexes, in which the ZFI usually has a negative sign, thus affording a ground state level pair with maximal spin quantum number mS = ±S, giving rise to unusual magnetic properties at low temperatures. The description of EPR from SMMs is commonly cast in terms of the 'giant-spin model', which assumes a magnetically isolated system spin, and in which fourth-order, and recently, even sixth-order ZFI terms have been found to be required. A special version of the giant-spin model, adopted for scaling-up to system spins of order S ≈ 103-104, has been applied to the ubiquitous iron-storage protein ferritin, which has an internal core containing Fe3+ ions whose individual high spins couple in a way to create a superparamagnet at ambient temperature with very high system spin reminiscent to that of ferromagnetic nanoparticles. This scaled giant-spin model is critically evaluated; limitations and future possibilities are explicitly formulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfred R Hagen
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Building 58, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Ma L, Zheng JJ, Zhou N, Zhang R, Fang L, Yang Y, Gao X, Chen C, Yan X, Fan K. A natural biogenic nanozyme for scavenging superoxide radicals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:233. [PMID: 38172125 PMCID: PMC10764798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Biominerals, the inorganic minerals of organisms, are known mainly for their physical property-related functions in modern living organisms. Our recent discovery of the enzyme-like activities of nanomaterials, coined as nanozyme, inspires the hypothesis that nano-biominerals might function as enzyme-like catalyzers in cells. Here we report that the iron cores of biogenic ferritins act as natural nanozymes to scavenge superoxide radicals. Through analyzing eighteen representative ferritins from three living kingdoms, we find that the iron core of prokaryote ferritin possesses higher superoxide-diminishing activity than that of eukaryotes. Further investigation reveals that the differences in catalytic capability result from the iron/phosphate ratio changes in the iron core, which is mainly determined by the structures of ferritins. The phosphate in the iron core switches the iron core from single crystalline to amorphous iron phosphate-like structure, resulting in decreased affinity to the hydrogen proton of the ferrihydrite-like core that facilitates its reaction with superoxide in a manner different from that of ferric ions. Furthermore, overexpression of ferritins with high superoxide-diminishing activities in E. coli increases the resistance to superoxide, whereas bacterioferritin knockout or human ferritin knock-in diminishes free radical tolerance, highlighting the physiological antioxidant role of this type of nanozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Ma
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100408, China
| | - Jia-Jia Zheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ruofei Zhang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Long Fang
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yili Yang
- China Regional Research Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Taizhou, Jiangsu, 225316, China
| | - Xingfa Gao
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety and CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100408, China.
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451163, China.
| | - Kelong Fan
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Nanozyme, Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules (CAS), CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100408, China.
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.
- Nanozyme Laboratory in Zhongyuan, Zhengzhou, Henan, 451163, China.
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Gandarias L, Gubieda AG, Gorni G, Mathon O, Olivi L, Abad-Díaz-de-Cerio A, Fdez-Gubieda ML, Muela A, García-Prieto A. Intracellular transformation and disposal mechanisms of magnetosomes in macrophages and cancer cells. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300173. [PMID: 37337924 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Magnetosomes are magnetite nanoparticles biosynthesized by magnetotactic bacteria. Given their potential clinical applications for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, it is essential to understand what becomes of them once they are within the body. With this aim, here we have followed the intracellular long-term fate of magnetosomes in two cell types: cancer cells (A549 cell line), because they are the actual target for the therapeutic activity of the magnetosomes, and macrophages (RAW 264.7 cell line), because of their role at capturing foreign agents. It is shown that cells dispose of magnetosomes using three mechanisms: splitting them into daughter cells, excreting them to the surrounding environment, and degrading them yielding less or non-magnetic iron products. A deeper insight into the degradation mechanisms by means of time-resolved X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has allowed us to follow the intracellular biotransformation of magnetosomes by identifying and quantifying the iron species occurring during the process. In both cell types there is a first oxidation of magnetite to maghemite and then, earlier in macrophages than in cancer cells, ferrihydrite starts to appear. Given that ferrihydrite is the iron mineral phase stored in the cores of ferritin proteins, this suggests that cells use the iron released from the degradation of magnetosomes to load ferritin. Comparison of both cellular types evidences that macrophages are more efficient at disposing of magnetosomes than cancer cells, attributed to their role in degrading external debris and in iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gandarias
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Institute of Aix-Marseille (BIAM), UMR7265, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Alicia G Gubieda
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Giulio Gorni
- BL22-CLAESS Beamline, ALBA Synchrotron, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Optics (IO-CSIC), c/ Serrano 121, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luca Olivi
- XAFS Beamline, Elettra Sincrotrone, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ana Abad-Díaz-de-Cerio
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - M Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Dpto. Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana García-Prieto
- Dpto. Física Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Bilbao, Spain
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Gorobets S, Gorobets O, Sharai I, Polyakova T, Zablotskii V. Gradient Magnetic Field Accelerates Division of E. coli Nissle 1917. Cells 2023; 12:315. [PMID: 36672251 PMCID: PMC9857180 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-cycle progression is regulated by numerous intricate endogenous mechanisms, among which intracellular forces and protein motors are central players. Although it seems unlikely that it is possible to speed up this molecular machinery by applying tiny external forces to the cell, we show that magnetic forcing of magnetosensitive bacteria reduces the duration of the mitotic phase. In such bacteria, the coupling of the cell cycle to the splitting of chains of biogenic magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs) provides a biological realization of such forcing. Using a static gradient magnetic field of a special spatial configuration, in probiotic bacteria E. coli Nissle 1917, we shortened the duration of the mitotic phase and thereby accelerated cell division. Thus, focused magnetic gradient forces exerted on the BMN chains allowed us to intervene in the processes of division and growth of bacteria. The proposed magnetic-based cell division regulation strategy can improve the efficiency of microbial cell factories and medical applications of magnetosensitive bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Gorobets
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Biotechnics, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Gorobets
- Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Magnetism of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Sharai
- Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, 03056 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Magnetism of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vitalii Zablotskii
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 1999/2, 182 00 Prague, Czech Republic
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center (iMFRC), Science Island, Hefei 230000, China
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Extracellular and Intracellular Lanthanide Accumulation in the Methylotrophic Beijerinckiaceae Bacterium RH AL1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0314420. [PMID: 33893117 PMCID: PMC8316094 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03144-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent work with Methylorubrum extorquens AM1 identified intracellular, cytoplasmic lanthanide storage in an organism that harnesses these metals for its metabolism. Here, we describe the extracellular and intracellular accumulation of lanthanides in the Beijerinckiaceae bacterium RH AL1, a newly isolated and recently characterized methylotroph. Using ultrathin-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM), freeze fracture TEM (FFTEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, we demonstrated that strain RH AL1 accumulates lanthanides extracellularly at outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) and stores them in the periplasm. High-resolution elemental analyses of biomass samples revealed that strain RH AL1 can accumulate ions of different lanthanide species, with a preference for heavier lanthanides. Its methanol oxidation machinery is supposedly adapted to light lanthanides, and their selective uptake is mediated by dedicated uptake mechanisms. Based on transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, these presumably include the previously characterized TonB-ABC transport system encoded by the lut cluster but potentially also a type VI secretion system. A high level of constitutive expression of genes coding for lanthanide-dependent enzymes suggested that strain RH AL1 maintains a stable transcript pool to flexibly respond to changing lanthanide availability. Genes coding for lanthanide-dependent enzymes are broadly distributed taxonomically. Our results support the hypothesis that central aspects of lanthanide-dependent metabolism partially differ between the various taxa. IMPORTANCE Although multiple pieces of evidence have been added to the puzzle of lanthanide-dependent metabolism, we are still far from understanding the physiological role of lanthanides. Given how widespread lanthanide-dependent enzymes are, only limited information is available with respect to how lanthanides are taken up and stored in an organism. Our research complements work with commonly studied model organisms and showed the localized storage of lanthanides in the periplasm. This storage occurred at comparably low concentrations. Strain RH AL1 is able to accumulate lanthanide ions extracellularly and to selectively utilize lighter lanthanides. The Beijerinckiaceae bacterium RH AL1 might be an attractive target for developing biorecovery strategies to obtain these economically highly demanded metals in environmentally friendly ways.
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Wu H, Guo T, Li S, Zhao Y, Zeng M. Orthophosphate affects iron(III) bioavailability via a mechanism involving stabilization and delivery of ferric hydroxide-phosphate nanoparticles. Food Chem 2021; 347:129081. [PMID: 33484956 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Orthophosphate is endogenously present in gastrointestinal fluids and increasingly ingested as additives in processed foods. However, its effect and mechanism of action on iron bioavailability remains controversial and largely unknown. Here, at initial dissolved P/Fe ratios ((P/Fe)init) ≥ 0.6, orthophosphate completely prevents hydrolytic Fe(III) precipitation at neutral pH by mediating the formation of negatively-charged (≈-29 mV ζ-potential) ferric hydroxide-phosphate nanoparticles (Fe(OH)P-NPs) consisting of ≈3.8-nm-diameter monomers. Fe(OH)P-NPs have decreased size and Fe/P ratio with increasing (P/Fe)init. Acidic pH and balanced salts in intestinal fluid counteract orthophosphate-mediated Fe(III) solubilization by weakening colloidal stability of Fe(OH)P-NPs. Protein digests from egg white, whey, casein, and fish muscle aid Fe(III) solubilization in intestinal fluid by stabilizing Fe(OH)P-NPs with casein digest displaying the highest Fe(III)-solubilizing capacity, and in calcein-fluorescence-quenching assay, deliver nanoparticulate Fe(III) to polarized Caco-2 cells via divalent-metal-transporter-1-dependent or endocytic pathways. Overall, our study provides a new paradigm for understanding orthophosphate's role in iron bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
| | - Tengjiao Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Yuanhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Mingyong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China.
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7
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Min X, Fang T, Li L, Li C, Zhang ZP, Zhang XE, Li F. AIE nanodots scaffolded by mini-ferritin protein for cellular imaging and photodynamic therapy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:2340-2344. [PMID: 31934693 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09788k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the most elegant cancer treatment strategies that can be controlled by a beam of light with non-invasion, precise control, and high spatiotemporal accuracy. An ideal photosensitizer (PS) is the key to ensure the efficacy of PDT. Due to their hydrophobic and rigid planar structures, most traditional PSs are prone to aggregate under physiological conditions, which causes fluorescence quenching and significantly reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Fortunately, the emergence of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dyes offers a potential opportunity to overcome these limitations. When AIE PS molecules are in the aggregation state, the fluorescence intensity and ROS production can be increased. We herein use red AIE PS molecules to prepare stable AIE nanodots for cell imaging and PDT via a simple method with a highly negatively charged mini-ferritin protein as the scaffold. The as-prepared protein-AIE nanodots show strong fluorescence emission and efficient singlet oxygen generation, with good stability, relatively long wavelengths of absorption and emission, and negligible dark toxicity. The mini-ferritin-AIE system may be useful in developing novel functional probes for tumour nanotheranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehong Min
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Ti Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Lingling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Chaoqun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, PR China.
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Gandia D, Gandarias L, Rodrigo I, Robles-García J, Das R, Garaio E, García JÁ, Phan MH, Srikanth H, Orue I, Alonso J, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML. Unlocking the Potential of Magnetotactic Bacteria as Magnetic Hyperthermia Agents. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1902626. [PMID: 31454160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201902626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotactic bacteria are aquatic microorganisms that internally biomineralize chains of magnetic nanoparticles (called magnetosomes) and use them as a compass. Here it is shown that magnetotactic bacteria of the strain Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense present high potential as magnetic hyperthermia agents for cancer treatment. Their heating efficiency or specific absorption rate is determined using both calorimetric and AC magnetometry methods at different magnetic field amplitudes and frequencies. In addition, the effect of the alignment of the bacteria in the direction of the field during the hyperthermia experiments is also investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the biological structure of the magnetosome chain of magnetotactic bacteria is perfect to enhance the hyperthermia efficiency. Furthermore, fluorescence and electron microscopy images show that these bacteria can be internalized by human lung carcinoma cells A549, and cytotoxicity studies reveal that they do not affect the viability or growth of the cancer cells. A preliminary in vitro hyperthermia study, working on clinical conditions, reveals that cancer cell proliferation is strongly affected by the hyperthermia treatment, making these bacteria promising candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gandia
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Lucía Gandarias
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Irati Rodrigo
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Joshua Robles-García
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Raja Das
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Eneko Garaio
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPN), Pamplona, 31006, Spain
| | - José Ángel García
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Manh-Huong Phan
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Hariharan Srikanth
- Materials Institute, Department of Physics, University of South Florida (USF), Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Iñaki Orue
- SGIker Medidas Magnéticas, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Javier Alonso
- Departamento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria (UC), Santander, 39005, Spain
| | - Alicia Muela
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - M Luisa Fdez-Gubieda
- Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures (BCMaterials), UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Departamento de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), Leioa, 48940, Spain
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Cotruvo JA. The Chemistry of Lanthanides in Biology: Recent Discoveries, Emerging Principles, and Technological Applications. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1496-1506. [PMID: 31572776 PMCID: PMC6764073 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The essential biological role of rare earth elements lay hidden until the discovery in 2011 that lanthanides are specifically incorporated into a bacterial methanol dehydrogenase. Only recently has this observation gone from a curiosity to a major research area, with the appreciation for the widespread nature of lanthanide-utilizing organisms in the environment and the discovery of other lanthanide-binding proteins and systems for selective uptake. While seemingly exotic at first glance, biological utilization of lanthanides is very logical from a chemical perspective. The early lanthanides (La, Ce, Pr, Nd) primarily used by biology are abundant in the environment, perform similar chemistry to other biologically useful metals and do so more efficiently due to higher Lewis acidity, and possess sufficiently distinct coordination chemistry to allow for selective uptake, trafficking, and incorporation into enzymes. Indeed, recent advances in the field illustrate clear analogies with the biological coordination chemistry of other metals, particularly CaII and FeIII, but with unique twists-including cooperative metal binding to magnify the effects of small ionic radius differences-enabling selectivity. This Outlook summarizes the recent developments in this young but rapidly expanding field and looks forward to potential future discoveries, emphasizing continuity with principles of bioinorganic chemistry established by studies of other metals. We also highlight how a more thorough understanding of the central chemical question-selective lanthanide recognition in biology-may impact the challenging problems of sensing, capture, recycling, and separations of rare earths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Cotruvo
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United
States
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10
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Park KJJ, Kim J, Testoff T, Adams J, Poklar M, Zborowski M, Venere M, Chalmers JJ. Quantitative characterization of the regulation of iron metabolism in glioblastoma stem-like cells using magnetophoresis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:1644-1655. [PMID: 30906984 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on different iron regulation mechanisms of glioblastoma (GBM) cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) and non-stem tumor cells (NSTCs) using multiple approaches: cell viability, density, and magnetophoresis. GBM CSCs and NSTCs were exposed to elevated iron concentration, and their magnetic susceptibility was measured using single cell magnetophoresis (SCM), which tracks the magnetic and settling velocities of thousands of individual cells passing through the magnetic field with a constant energy gradient. Our results consistently demonstrate that GBM NSTCs have higher magnetic susceptibility distribution at increased iron concentration compared with CSCs, and we speculate that it is because CSCs have the ability to store a high amount of iron in ferritin, whereas the free iron ions inside the NSTCs lead to higher magnetic susceptibility and reduced cell viability and growth. Further, their difference in magnetic susceptibility has led us to pursue a separate experiment using a quadrupole magnetic separator (QMS), a novel microfluidic device that uses a concentric channel and permanent magnets in a special configuration to separate samples based on their magnetic susceptibilities. GBM CSCs and NSTCs were exposed to elevated iron concentration, stained with two different trackers, mixed and introduced into QMS; subsequently, the separated fractions were analyzed by fluorescent microscopy. The separation results portray a successful label-less magnetic separation of the two populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Joo J Park
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - James Kim
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Thomas Testoff
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Joseph Adams
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Miranda Poklar
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Maciej Zborowski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Monica Venere
- Department of Radiation Oncology and the Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jeffrey J Chalmers
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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11
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Lasheras X, Insausti M, de la Fuente JM, Gil de Muro I, Castellanos-Rubio I, Marcano L, Fernández-Gubieda ML, Serrano A, Martín-Rodríguez R, Garaio E, García JA, Lezama L. Mn-Doping level dependence on the magnetic response of MnxFe3−xO4 ferrite nanoparticles. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:11480-11491. [DOI: 10.1039/c9dt01620a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Manganese/iron ferrite nanoparticles with different Mn2+/3+ doping grades have been prepared by a thermal decomposition optimized approach so as to ascertain the doping effect on the magnetic hyperthermia response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Lasheras
- BCMaterials
- Basque Center for Materials
- Applications and Nanostructures
- UPV/EHU Science Park
- 48940 Leioa
| | - Maite Insausti
- BCMaterials
- Basque Center for Materials
- Applications and Nanostructures
- UPV/EHU Science Park
- 48940 Leioa
| | | | - Izaskun Gil de Muro
- BCMaterials
- Basque Center for Materials
- Applications and Nanostructures
- UPV/EHU Science Park
- 48940 Leioa
| | | | - Lourdes Marcano
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica
- Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie
| | | | - Aida Serrano
- SpLine
- Spanish CRG BM25 Beamline
- ESRF
- Grenoble
- France
| | - Rosa Martín-Rodríguez
- QUIPRE Department
- University of Cantabria
- 39005 Santander
- Spain
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica
| | - Eneko Garaio
- Departamento de Ciencias
- Universidad Pública de Navarra
- Pamplona 31006
- Spain
- Dpto. Electricidad y Electrónica
| | - Jose Angel García
- Dpto. de Física Aplicada II
- Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
| | - Luis Lezama
- Dpto. de Química Inorgánica
- Universidad del País Vasco
- UPV/EHU
- 48940 Leioa
- Spain
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12
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Ramesh P, Hwang S, Davis HC, Lee‐Gosselin A, Bharadwaj V, English MA, Sheng J, Iyer V, Shapiro MG. Ultraparamagnetic Cells Formed through Intracellular Oxidation and Chelation of Paramagnetic Iron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ramesh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Son‐Jong Hwang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Hunter C. Davis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Audrey Lee‐Gosselin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Vivek Bharadwaj
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Max A. English
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Jenny Sheng
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Vasant Iyer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
| | - Mikhail G. Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA
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13
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Ramesh P, Hwang SJ, Davis HC, Lee-Gosselin A, Bharadwaj V, English MA, Sheng J, Iyer V, Shapiro MG. Ultraparamagnetic Cells Formed through Intracellular Oxidation and Chelation of Paramagnetic Iron. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:12385-12389. [PMID: 30089191 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Making cells magnetic is a long-standing goal of chemical biology, aiming to enable the separation of cells from complex biological samples and their visualization in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Previous efforts towards this goal, focused on engineering cells to biomineralize superparamagnetic or ferromagnetic iron oxides, have been largely unsuccessful due to the stringent required chemical conditions. Here, we introduce an alternative approach to making cells magnetic, focused on biochemically maximizing cellular paramagnetism. We show that a novel genetic construct combining the functions of ferroxidation and iron chelation enables engineered bacterial cells to accumulate iron in "ultraparamagnetic" macromolecular complexes, allowing these cells to be trapped with magnetic fields and imaged with MRI in vitro and in vivo. We characterize the properties of these cells and complexes using magnetometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, biochemical assays, and computational modeling to elucidate the unique mechanisms and capabilities of this paramagnetic concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Ramesh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Son-Jong Hwang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Hunter C Davis
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Audrey Lee-Gosselin
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Vivek Bharadwaj
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Max A English
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Jenny Sheng
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Vasant Iyer
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Mikhail G Shapiro
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
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14
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Sub-cellular In-situ Characterization of Ferritin(iron) in a Rodent Model of Spinal Cord Injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3567. [PMID: 29476055 PMCID: PMC5824835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron (Fe) is an essential metal involved in a wide spectrum of physiological functions. Sub-cellular characterization of the size, composition, and distribution of ferritin(iron) can provide valuable information on iron storage and transport in health and disease. In this study we employ magnetic force microscopy (MFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) to characterize differences in ferritin(iron) distribution and composition across injured and non-injured tissues by employing a rodent model of spinal cord injury (SCI). Our biophysical and ultrastructural analyses provide novel insights into iron distribution which are not obtained by routine biochemical stains. In particular, ferritin(iron) rich lysosomes revealed increased heterogeneity in MFM signal from tissues of SCI animals. Ultrastructural analysis using TEM elucidated that both cytosolic and lysosomal ferritin(iron) density was increased in the injured (spinal cord) and non-injured (spleen) tissues of SCI as compared to naïve animals. In-situ EELs analysis revealed that ferritin(iron) was primarily in Fe3+ oxidation state in both naïve and SCI animal tissues. The insights provided by this study and the approaches utilized here can be applied broadly to other systemic problems involving iron regulation or to understand the fate of exogenously delivered iron-oxide nanoparticles.
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15
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Monzel C, Vicario C, Piehler J, Coppey M, Dahan M. Magnetic control of cellular processes using biofunctional nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7330-7338. [PMID: 29163884 PMCID: PMC5672790 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc01462g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote control of cellular functions is a key challenge in biomedical research. Only a few tools are currently capable of manipulating cellular events at distance, at spatial and temporal scales matching their naturally active range. A promising approach, often referred to as 'magnetogenetics', is based on the use of magnetic fields, in conjunction with targeted biofunctional magnetic nanoparticles. By triggering molecular stimuli via mechanical, thermal or biochemical perturbations, magnetic actuation constitutes a highly versatile tool with numerous applications in fundamental research as well as exciting prospects in nano- and regenerative medicine. Here, we highlight recent studies, comment on the advancement of magnetic manipulation, and discuss remaining challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Monzel
- Institut Curie , PSL Research University , Laboratoire Physico Chimie , CNRS UMR168 , UPMC , F-75005 Paris , France .
| | - Chiara Vicario
- Institut Curie , PSL Research University , Laboratoire Physico Chimie , CNRS UMR168 , UPMC , F-75005 Paris , France .
| | - Jacob Piehler
- University of Osnabrück , Department of Biology/Chemistry , Division of Biophysics , 49076 Osnabrück , Germany
| | - Mathieu Coppey
- Institut Curie , PSL Research University , Laboratoire Physico Chimie , CNRS UMR168 , UPMC , F-75005 Paris , France .
| | - Maxime Dahan
- Institut Curie , PSL Research University , Laboratoire Physico Chimie , CNRS UMR168 , UPMC , F-75005 Paris , France .
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16
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Munshi R, Qadri SM, Zhang Q, Castellanos Rubio I, Del Pino P, Pralle A. Magnetothermal genetic deep brain stimulation of motor behaviors in awake, freely moving mice. eLife 2017; 6:27069. [PMID: 28826470 PMCID: PMC5779110 DOI: 10.7554/elife.27069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing how neurocircuit activation causes particular behaviors requires modulating the activity of specific neurons. Here, we demonstrate that magnetothermal genetic stimulation provides tetherless deep brain activation sufficient to evoke motor behavior in awake mice. The approach uses alternating magnetic fields to heat superparamagnetic nanoparticles on the neuronal membrane. Neurons, heat-sensitized by expressing TRPV1 are activated with magnetic field application. Magnetothermal genetic stimulation in the motor cortex evoked ambulation, deep brain stimulation in the striatum caused rotation around the body-axis, and stimulation near the ridge between ventral and dorsal striatum caused freezing-of-gait. The duration of the behavior correlated tightly with field application. This approach provides genetically and spatially targetable, repeatable and temporarily precise activation of deep-brain circuits without the need for surgical implantation of any device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Munshi
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | - Shahnaz M Qadri
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Arnd Pralle
- Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, United States
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17
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Marcano L, García-Prieto A, Muñoz D, Fernández Barquín L, Orue I, Alonso J, Muela A, Fdez-Gubieda ML. Influence of the bacterial growth phase on the magnetic properties of magnetosomes synthesized by Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1507-1514. [PMID: 28093197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The magnetosome biosynthesis is a genetically controlled process but the physical properties of the magnetosomes can be slightly tuned by modifying the bacterial growth conditions. METHODS We designed two time-resolved experiments in which iron-starved bacteria at the mid-logarithmic phase are transferred to Fe-supplemented medium to induce the magnetosomes biogenesis along the exponential growth or at the stationary phase. We used flow cytometry to determine the cell concentration, transmission electron microscopy to image the magnetosomes, DC and AC magnetometry methods for the magnetic characterization, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to analyze the magnetosome structure. RESULTS When the magnetosomes synthesis occurs during the exponential growth phase, they reach larger sizes and higher monodispersity, displaying a stoichiometric magnetite structure, as fingerprinted by the well defined Verwey temperature. On the contrary, the magnetosomes synthesized at the stationary phase reach smaller sizes and display a smeared Verwey transition, that suggests that these magnetosomes may deviate slightly from the perfect stoichiometry. CONCLUSIONS Magnetosomes magnetically closer to stoichiometric magnetite are obtained when bacteria start synthesizing them at the exponential growth phase rather than at the stationary phase. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The growth conditions influence the final properties of the biosynthesized magnetosomes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Recent Advances in Bionanomaterials" Guest Editors: Dr. Marie-Louise Saboungi and Dr. Samuel D. Bader.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marcano
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - A García-Prieto
- Dpto. de Física Aplicada I, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Bilbao 48013, Spain; BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - D Muñoz
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain; Dpto. de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | | | - I Orue
- SGIker, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - J Alonso
- BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain
| | - A Muela
- BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain; Dpto. de Inmunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - M L Fdez-Gubieda
- Dpto. de Electricidad y Electrónica, Universidad del País Vasco - UPV/EHU, Leioa 48940, Spain; BCMaterials, Parque tecnológico de Zamudio, Derio 48160, Spain
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18
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Mulyana Y, Uenuma M, Okamoto N, Ishikawa Y, Yamashita I, Uraoka Y. Creating Reversible p-n Junction on Graphene through Ferritin Adsorption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8192-8200. [PMID: 26943894 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An alternative way to construct a stable p-n junction on graphene-based field effect transistor (G-FET) through physical adsorption of ferritin (spherical protein shell) is presented. The produced p-n junction on G-FET could also operate through water-gate. Native ferritins are known to be negatively charged in wet condition; however, we found that native negatively charged ferritins became positively charged after performing electron beam (EB)-irradiation. We utilized this property to construct p-n junction on G-FET. We found also that EB-irradiation could remove the effect of charged impurity adsorbed on graphene layer, thus the Dirac point was adjusted to gate voltage Vg = 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Mulyana
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Mutsunori Uenuma
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Naofumi Okamoto
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Ishikawa
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yamashita
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Yukiharu Uraoka
- Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Materials Science , 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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