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Singh H, Saima, Aggarwal V, Kachore A, Bala E, Kumar R, Sharma RK, Verma PK. Carbon dots: An emerging food analysis nanoprobes for detection of contaminants. Food Chem 2025; 485:143180. [PMID: 40367681 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2024] [Revised: 12/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 05/16/2025]
Abstract
Carbon dots are the new class of nanomaterials with a size range of 10 nm or less. These are associate with the important material properties such as good biocompatibility, fluorescent nature, small size and easy to synthesize with low toxicity which make them the first choice over the fluorescent inorganic materials and dyes, to be used as biocompatible nanoprobes for the detection of food adulterations. Herein, we have focused on the methods of synthesis of these tiny zero dimensions, fluorescent nanomaterials (CDs), their properties, mechanism of fluorescence, and lastly their wide applications in food analysis which include the detection of additives, heavy metal ions, organic pollutants, foodborne microbes, antibiotic and pesticides. Further, these nanomaterials open the scope to be used as nanoprobes in the food safety concern. Additionally, we discussed the challenges and future scope of CDs as an auspicious and emerging nanomaterial to be used in the food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Singh
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Saima
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India.
| | - Varun Aggarwal
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Ankit Kachore
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Ekta Bala
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, India
| | - Rohit K Sharma
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- School of Advanced Chemical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India.
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2
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Razavi ZS, Razavi FS, Alizadeh SS. Inorganic nanoparticles and blood-brain barrier modulation: Advancing targeted neurological therapies. Eur J Med Chem 2025; 287:117357. [PMID: 39947054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2025.117357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2024] [Revised: 01/19/2025] [Accepted: 01/31/2025] [Indexed: 02/24/2025]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective barrier that complicates the treatment of neurological disorders. Pharmaceutical compounds encounter significant challenges in crossing the central nervous system (CNS). Nanoparticles (NPs) are promising candidates for treating neurological conditions as they help facilitate drug delivery. This review explores the diverse characteristics and mechanisms of inorganic NPs (INPs), including metal-based, ferric-oxide, and carbon-based nanoparticles, which facilitate their passage through the BBB. Emphasis is placed on the physicochemical properties of NPs such as size, shape, surface charge, and surface modifications and their role in enhancing drug delivery efficacy, reducing immune clearance, and improving BBB permeability. Specific synthesis approaches are demonstrated, with an emphasis on the influence of each one on NP property, biological activity and the capability of an NP for its intended application. As for the advances in the field, the review emphasizes those characterized the NP formulation and surface chemistry that conquered the BBB and tested the need for its alteration. Current findings indicate that NP therapy can in the future enable effective targeting of specific brain disorders and eventually evolve this drug delivery system, which would allow for lower doses with less side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sadat Razavi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fateme Sadat Razavi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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3
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Dhanush C, Ismayati M, Sethuraman MG. Targeted bio-imaging in discriminating normal and cancerous cells using dual-doped carbon dots derived from Dahlia pinnata flower extract. Mikrochim Acta 2025; 192:254. [PMID: 40131481 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-025-07100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025]
Abstract
This research delves into utilizing dual-doped (N & S) carbon dots (DDCDs) sourced from Dahlia pinnata flower extract for targeted bio-imaging, aiming to differentiate between normal and cancerous cells. The synthesized DDCDs, incorporating nitrogen and sulfur, exhibited unique optical, structural, and morphological properties with an average size of about 3.25 nm. These DDCDs demonstrate strong fluorescence and display excitation-dependent emission behavior, as confirmed by the results of photoluminescence spectroscopy. Folic acid conjugation with DDCDs enhances their specificity towards cancer cells expressing the folate receptor. Through comprehensive characterization, the study demonstrates the successful synthesis and functionalization of these DDCDs. Even at a concentration of 200 µg/ml, these DDCDs demonstrated low cytotoxicity. In vitro experiments on both normal and cancer cell lines reveal distinct fluorescence responses, showcasing the potential of these bio-compatible DDCDs for precise bio-imaging in cancer diagnostics. This work opens avenues for utilizing natural sources in nanomaterial synthesis for biomedical applications, contributing to the advancement of targeted cellular imaging technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dhanush
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to Be University, Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India
- Research Centre for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Jawa Barat- 16911, Indonesia
| | - M Ismayati
- Research Centre for Biomass and Bioproducts, Research Organization for Life Sciences and Environment, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor, Jawa Barat- 16911, Indonesia
| | - M G Sethuraman
- Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed to Be University, Gandhigram-624 302, Dindigul, Tamil Nadu, India.
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4
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Lu Q, Mei Y, Wu Y, Lin H, Li Y. Effective Detection of Cu(II) Ions Based on Carbon Dots@Exfoliated Layered Double Hydroxides Composites Fluorescence Probe. J Fluoresc 2025; 35:1441-1456. [PMID: 38358445 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03597-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A series of carbon dots@exfoliated layered double hydroxides (CDs@LDH) composites were hydrothermally fabricated by Mg/Al LDH and formamide. The results of FTIR, UV-vis, and XPS spectra in company with HRTEM images showed that crystalline nano CDs formed on the single layer of LDH by Mg-C bond. With the increase of solvothermal reaction time from 2 to 6 h, the band gap and the binding energy of aminic and graphitic N species of CDs@LDH composites decreased, whereas the crystallinity increased. The fluorescence peaks of CDs@LDH composites could be deconvoluted into short-wavelength (416 nm) and large-wavelength (443 nm) components by Gaussian function, and the fluorescence intensities of both components enhanced with the extension of the solvothermal reaction time. The simultaneous enhancements of fluorescence lifetime and quantum yield resulted from the relatively high electron density in graphitic nitrogen of CDs@LDH, whereas the reduction of nonradiative rate was due to the high crystallinity in the carbon core of CDs@LDH. A strong exciton-lattice interaction also has been validated based on the excitation and emission spectra of CDs@LDH, so the fluorescence emission of CDs@LDH composite was heavily related to its crystalline carbon core and nitrogen-containing groups. CDs@LDH with high nitrogen-containing exhibited a superior detection property for Cu2+ ion sensing with the linear range of 26.90 ~ 192.20 μM and a limit of detection of 0.1957 μM. The photo-induced electron transfer (PET) process dominated the fluorescence quenching of CDs@LDH by Cu2+ ion since the fluorescence lifetime decreased with the increase of Cu2+ ion concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quliang Lu
- Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210088, P. R. China.
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042, P. R. China.
| | - Yixian Mei
- Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210088, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wu
- Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210088, P. R. China
| | - Houjun Lin
- Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210088, P. R. China
| | - YanLi Li
- Chengxian College, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210088, P. R. China
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5
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Kayani KF, Ghafoor D, Mohammed SJ, Shatery OBA. Carbon dots: synthesis, sensing mechanisms, and potential applications as promising materials for glucose sensors. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 7:42-59. [PMID: 39583130 PMCID: PMC11583430 DOI: 10.1039/d4na00763h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/07/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
The disruption of glucose (Glu) metabolism in the human body can lead to conditions such as diabetes and hyperglycemia. Therefore, accurately determining Glu levels is crucial for clinical diagnosis and other applications. Carbon dots (CDs) are a novel category of carbon nanomaterials that exhibit outstanding optical properties, excellent biocompatibility, high water solubility, low production costs, and straightforward synthesis. Recently, researchers have developed various carbon dot sensors for fast and real-time Glu monitoring. In this context, we provide a comprehensive introduction to Glu and CDs for the first time. We categorize the synthetic methods for CDs and the sensing mechanisms, further classifying the applications of carbon dot probes into single-probe sensing, ratiometric sensing, and visual detection. Finally, we discuss the future development needs for CD-based Glu sensors. This review aims to offer insights into advancing Glu sensors and modern medical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawan F Kayani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Charmo University Peshawa Street, Chamchamal Sulaimani City 46023 Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
| | - Dlzar Ghafoor
- College of Science, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Komar University of Science and Technology Sulaymaniyah 46001 Iraq
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
| | - Sewara J Mohammed
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health Sciences, Cihan University Sulaimaniya Sulaymaniyah City Kurdistan Iraq
- Research and Development Center, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government Qlyasan Street Sulaymaniyah 46001 Iraq
| | - Omer B A Shatery
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani Qliasan St Sulaimani City Kurdistan Region 46002 Iraq
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Gunture, Lee TY. Biomass-derived multiatom-doped carbon dots for water sensing based on excited state intraparticle proton transfer in organic solvents. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 323:124841. [PMID: 39089070 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
The presence of trace water impurities in organic solvents can significantly influence chemical reactions and product quality; thus, the accurate detection of water content in these solvents is a critical requirement for industrial applications. Accordingly, an eco-friendly, effective, and economical sensor for detecting trace quantities of miscible water in organic solvents is required for industrial applications. In this study, we synthesized biomass-derived multi-atom-doped carbon dots (MACDs) as fluorescent probes and employed them for the detection of trace amounts of water impurities in several water-miscible organic solvents. The MACDs exhibited stable dual-color fluorescence emission under ultraviolet light irradiation and red and blue emissions in organic solvents and water. The fluorescence quantum yield was approximately 11 %, which indicates an excited intraparticle proton transfer response due to an increase in the water content within a wide response range from 0 % to 100 % (v/v) in organic solvents. The intensity of the red emission signal at 670 nm gradually decreased with an increase in the water content in the organic solvent. The MACDs could detect water with an instant response time of 55 s, a high sensitivity, and low limits of detection of 0.08 %, 1.36 %, 0.03 %, 0.04 %, 0.12 %, and 0.05 % (v/v) in ethanol, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, methanol, isopropanol, and tetrahydrofuran, respectively. Hence, biomass-derived MACDs can serve as efficient and eco-friendly water sensors in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunture
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Convergence System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Convergence System Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea; Department of Technology Education, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Hota NP, Kulathu Iyer S. N-doped carbon quantum dots for the selective detection of OCl - ions, bioimaging, and the production of Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles utilized in the synthesis of substituted imidazole. RSC Adv 2024; 14:35448-35459. [PMID: 39507691 PMCID: PMC11538961 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra06474g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-doped quantum dots (NCQD) were synthesized by solvothermal means using o-phenylenediamine and l-tartaric acid. The resultant NCQD produced a high quantum yield (40.3%) and a vivid green fluorescence. They were about 6 nm in size. The NCQD is useful in HeLa cell bioimaging investigations and is used for the fluorescence detection of OCl- ions. The quantum dots' Limit of Detection (LoD) was discovered to be 40 nM. Additionally, cytotoxicity testing was conducted, and we found out that HeLa cells safely endured up to 6.5 mg ml-1 of NCQD. Furthermore, NCQDs were employed to synthesize Fe3O4 nanoparticles, with the quantum dots acting as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles exhibited remarkable catalytic activity towards organic processes due to their size of 11 nm and surface area of 67.360 m2 g-1. Excellent yields of tri-substituted imidazole derivatives were produced using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as nanocatalysts in a solvent-free method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Priyadarshini Hota
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore-632 014 India
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8
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Kar D, V P, Si S, Panigrahi H, Mishra S. Carbon Dots and Their Polymeric Nanocomposites: Insight into Their Synthesis, Photoluminescence Mechanisms, and Recent Trends in Sensing Applications. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11050-11080. [PMID: 38497004 PMCID: PMC10938319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a novel class of carbon-based nanoparticles, have received a lot of interest recently due to their exceptional mechanical, chemical, and fluorescent properties, as well as their excellent photostability and biocompatibility. CDs' emission properties have already found a variety of potential applications, in which bioimaging and sensing are major highlights. It is widely acknowledged that CDs' fluorescence and surface conditions are closely linked. However, due to the structural complexity of CDs, the specific underlying process of their fluorescence is uncertain and yet to be explained. Because of their low toxicity, robust and wide optical absorption, high chemical stability, rapid transfer characteristics, and ease of modification, CDs have been recognized as promising carbon nanomaterials for a variety of sensing applications. Thus, following such outstanding properties of CDs, they have been mixed and imprinted onto different polymeric components to achieve a highly efficient nanocomposite with improved functional groups and properties. Here, in this review, various approaches and techniques for the preparation of polymer/CDs nanocomposites have been elaborated along with the individual characteristics of CDs. CDs/polymer nanocomposites recently have been highly demanded for sensor applications. The insights from this review are detailed sensor applications of polymer/CDs nanocomposites especially for detection of different chemical and biological analytes such as metal ions, small organic molecules, and several contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip
Kumar Kar
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Praveenkumar V
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Satyabrata Si
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Harekrishna Panigrahi
- School of Chemical
Technology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial
Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, Odisha, India
| | - Smrutirekha Mishra
- Institute of Chemical
Technology (ICT), Indian Oil Campus (IOC), Bhubaneswar, 751013, Odisha, India
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Zhen D, Zhang S, Yang A, Li L, Cai Q, Grimes CA, Liu Y. A PEDOT enhanced covalent organic framework (COF) fluorescent probe for in vivo detection and imaging of Fe 3. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129104. [PMID: 38161014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Simple and accurate in vivo monitoring of Fe3+ is essential for gaining a better understanding of its role in physiological and pathological processes. A novel fluorescent probe was synthesized via in situ solid-state polymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT) in the pore channels of a covalent organic framework (COF). The PEDOT@COF fluorescent probe exhibited an absolute quantum yield (QY) 3 times higher than COF. In the presence of Fe3+ the PEDOT@COF 475 nm fluorescence emission, 365 nm excitation, is quenched within 180 s. Fluorescence quenching is linear with Fe3+ in the concentration range of 0-960 μM, with a detection limit of 0.82 μM. The fluorescence quenching mechanism was attributed to inner filter effect (IEF), photoinduced electron transfer (PET) and static quenching (SQE) between PEDOT@COF and Fe3+. A paper strip-based detector was designed to facilitate practical applicability, and the PEDOT@COF probe successfully applied to fluorescence imaging of Fe3+ levels in vivo. This work details a tool of great promise for enabling detailed investigations into the role of Fe3+ in physiological and pathological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Zhen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Aofeng Yang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Le Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China
| | - Qingyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China
| | - Craig A Grimes
- Flux Photon Corporation, 5950 Shiloh Road East, Alpharetta, GA 30005, United States
| | - Yu Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Typical Environment Pollution and Health Hazards, School of Public Health, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, PR China.
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Bosu S, Rajamohan N, Sagadevan S, Raut N. Biomass derived green carbon dots for sensing applications of effective detection of metallic contaminants in the environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140471. [PMID: 37871875 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The rapid consumption of metals and unorganized disposal have led to unprecedented increases in heavy metal ion concentrations in the ecosystem, which disrupts environmental homeostasis and results in agricultural biodiversity loss. Mitigation and remediation plans for heavy metal pollution are largely dependent on the discovery of cost-effective, biocompatible, specific, and robust detectors because conventional methods involve sophisticated electronics and sample preparation procedures. Carbon dots (CDs) have gained significant importance in sensing applications related to environmental sustainability. Fluorescence sensor applications have been enhanced by their distinctive spectral properties and the potential for developing efficient photonic devices. With the recent development of biomass-functionalized carbon dots, a wide spectrum of multivalent and bivalent transition metal ions responsible for water quality degradation can be detected with high efficiency and minimal toxicity. This review explores the various methods of manufacturing carbon dots and the biochemical mechanisms involved in metal detection using green carbon dots for sensing applications involving Cu (II), Fe (III), Hg (II), and Cr (VI) ions in aqueous systems. A detailed discussion of practical challenges and future recommendations is presented to identify feasible design routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrajit Bosu
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman
| | - Natarajan Rajamohan
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman.
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nitin Raut
- Chemical Engineering Section, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, P C-311, Oman
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Sahana S, Gautam A, Singh R, Chandel S. A recent update on development, synthesis methods, properties and application of natural products derived carbon dots. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:51. [PMID: 37953431 PMCID: PMC10641086 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Natural resources are practically infinitely abundant in nature, which stimulates scientists to create new materials with inventive uses and minimal environmental impact. Due to the various benefits of natural carbon dots (NCDs) from them has received a lot of attention recently. Natural products-derived carbon dots have recently emerged as a highly promising class of nanomaterials, showcasing exceptional properties and eco-friendly nature, which make them appealing for diverse applications in various fields such as biomedical, environmental sensing and monitoring, energy storage and conversion, optoelectronics and photonics, agriculture, quantum computing, nanomedicine and cancer therapy. Characterization techniques such as Photoinduced electron transfer, Aggregation-Induced-Emission (AIE), Absorbance, Fluorescence in UV-Vis and NIR Regions play crucial roles in understanding the structural and optical properties of Carbon dots (CDs). The exceptional photoluminescence properties exhibited by CDs derived from natural products have paved the way for applications in tissue engineering, cancer treatment, bioimaging, sensing, drug delivery, photocatalysis, and promising remarkable advancements in these fields. In this review, we summarized the various synthesis methods, physical and optical properties, applications, challenges, future prospects of natural products-derived carbon dots etc. In this expanding sector, the difficulties and prospects for NCD-based materials research will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Sahana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Anupam Gautam
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Sand 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School "From Molecules to Organisms", Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Max-Planck-Ring 5, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence: EXC 2124: Controlling Microbes to Fight Infection, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rajveer Singh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Shivani Chandel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, ISF College of Pharmacy, Ghal-Kalan, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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Vallejo FA, Sigdel G, Veliz EA, Leblanc RM, Vanni S, Graham RM. Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119562. [PMID: 37298513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Though developments have been made in treating these malignancies, the blood-brain barrier, intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and therapeutic toxicity pose challenges to improving outcomes. Varying types of nanoparticles, including metallic, organic, and micellar molecules of varying structures and compositions, have been investigated as a potential therapy to circumvent some of these inherent challenges. Carbon dots (CDs) have recently gained popularity as a novel nanoparticle with theranostic properties. This carbon-based modality is highly modifiable, allowing for conjugation to drugs, as well as tumor-specific ligands in an effort to more effectively target cancerous cells and reduce peripheral toxicity. CDs are being studied pre-clinically. The ClinicalTrials.gov site was queried using the search terms: brain tumor and nanoparticle, liposome, micelle, dendrimer, quantum dot, or carbon dot. At the time of this review, 36 studies were found, 6 of which included pediatric patients. Two of the six studies investigated nanoparticle drug formulations, whereas the other four studies were on varying liposomal nanoparticle formulations for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Here, we reviewed the context of CDs within the broader realm of nanoparticles, their development, promising pre-clinical potential, and proposed future translational utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic A Vallejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ganesh Sigdel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Eduardo A Veliz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- HCA Florida University Hospital, 3476 S University Dr., Davie, FL 33328, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, FL 33328, USA
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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13
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Chen P, He X, Hu Y, Tian XL, Yu XQ, Zhang J. Spleen-Targeted mRNA Delivery by Amphiphilic Carbon Dots for Tumor Immunotherapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19937-19950. [PMID: 37052212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the application of mRNA vaccine-based tumor immunotherapy invigorated anti-tumor therapy. However, the low efficiency of mRNA delivery and the lack of targeting ability in vivo are the major obstacles to achieving highly efficient immunotherapy. In this work, we report a chemical library of amphiphilic carbon dots (ACDs) and the synthesized ACDs were applied to mRNA delivery, bio-imaging, and tumor immunotherapy. The ACDs can smoothly bind with mRNA to form ACDs@mRNA nanocomplexes, and the fluorescent properties of the ACDs afforded the nanoparticles with bio-imaging ability. By screening of the ACDs, O12-Tta-CDs were found to have optimal mRNA transfection efficiency and the ability of spleen-targeted delivery. In addition, O12-Tta-CDs can well transfect the immune cells and promote the maturation and antigen presentation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Furthermore, O12-Tta-CDs@OVA-mRNA was successfully applied to inhibit tumor growth, and more specific T-cell infiltration was observed in spleen and tumors of mice after treatment in the E.G7-OVA tumor model. Besides, O12-Tta-CDs@OVA-mRNA also achieved a good therapeutic effect in tumor recurrence inhibition and tumor prophylactic experiments. This study provided a new direction for the design of mRNA vectors, which is promising in tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xi He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Li Tian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
- Asymmetric Synthesis and Chiral Technology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Chemistry, Xihua University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610039, P. R. China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China
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14
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Bazazi S, Hosseini SP, Hashemi E, Rashidzadeh B, Liu Y, Saeb MR, Xiao H, Seidi F. Polysaccharide-based C-dots and polysaccharide/C-dot nanocomposites: fabrication strategies and applications. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3630-3650. [PMID: 36728615 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr07065k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
C-dots are a new class of materials with vast applications. The synthesis of bio-based C-dots has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Polysaccharides being the most abundant natural materials with high biodegradability and no toxicity have been the focus of researchers for the synthesis of C-dots. C-dots obtained from polysaccharides are generally fabricated via thermal procedures, carbonization, and microwave pyrolysis. Small size, photo-induced electron transfer (PET), and highly adjustable luminosity behavior are the most important physical and chemical properties of C-dots. However, C-dot/polysaccharide composites can be introduced as a new generation of composites that combine the features of both C-dots and polysaccharides having a wide range of applications in biomedicines, biosensors, drug delivery systems, etc. This review demonstrates the features, raw materials, and methods used for the fabrication of C-dots derived from different polysaccharides. Furthermore, the properties, applications, and synthesis conditions of various C-dot/polysaccharide composites are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Bazazi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Seyedeh Parisa Hosseini
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Esmaeil Hashemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, PO Box 41335-1914, Rasht, Iran
| | | | - Yuqian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Polymer Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, G. Narutowicza 11/12 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 Canada.
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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15
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Podkolodnaya YA, Kokorina AA, Goryacheva IY. A Facile Approach to the Hydrothermal Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticle/Carbon Nanostructure Luminescent Composites. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8469. [PMID: 36499966 PMCID: PMC9737401 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent carbon nanostructures (CNSs) have been intensively researched, but there is still no consensus on a fundamental understanding of their structure and properties that limits their potential applications. In this study, we developed a facile approach to the synthesis of luminescent composite SiO2 nanoparticles/CNSs by the targeted formation of a molecular fluorophore, as the significant luminescent component of CNSs, on the surface of a silica matrix during a one-stage hydrothermal synthesis. Silica nanoparticles were synthesized by reverse microemulsion and used as a matrix for luminescent composites. The as-prepared silica nanoparticles had a functional surface, a spherical shape, and a narrow size distribution of about 29 nm. One-stage hydrothermal treatment of citric acid and modified silica nanoparticles made it possible to directly form the luminescent composite. The optical properties of composites could be easily controlled by changing the hydrothermal reaction time and temperature. Thus, we successfully synthesized luminescent composites with an emission maximum of 450 nm, a quantum yield (QY) of 65 ± 4%, and an average size of ~26 nm. The synthesis of fluorophore doped composite, in contrast to CNSs, makes it possible to control the shape, size, and surface functionality of particles and allows for avoiding difficult and time-consuming fractionation steps.
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16
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Barrientos K, Arango JP, Moncada MS, Placido J, Patiño J, Macías SL, Maldonado C, Torijano S, Bustamante S, Londoño ME, Jaramillo M. Carbon dot-based biosensors for the detection of communicable and non -communicable diseases. Talanta 2022; 251:123791. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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17
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One-pot synthesis of concentration and excitation dual-dependency truly full-color photoluminescence carbon dots. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Otten M, Hildebrandt M, Kühnemuth R, Karg M. Pyrolysis and Solvothermal Synthesis for Carbon Dots: Role of Purification and Molecular Fluorophores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:6148-6157. [PMID: 35502848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the interest in carbon dots, graphene dots, or similar carbon-based nanoparticles has increased considerably. This interest is based on potentially high fluorescent quantum yields, controllable excitation-dependent emission, low toxicity, and convenient reaction conditions. Carbon dots are often seen as a promising alternative to classical semiconductor quantum dots that are typically made from toxic semiconductor materials. Surprisingly, aspects like the atomic structure, composition, mechanism of formation, and precise understanding of the photophysical properties of carbon dots are still mostly unknown. The large number of different precursor systems and the variety in synthesis routes make a direct comparison of different systems difficult. To advance this, we went for a systematic approach and compared the results of four synthesis routes using two different precursor systems. We used different spectroscopy and microscopy methods including fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to characterize the different reaction products. We found that for syntheses solely based on citric acid as the precursor, we obtain particles where the emission wavelength is strongly dependent on the excitation wavelength despite relatively low quantum yields. In comparison, when urea is added as a nitrogen doping reactant, we observe vastly increased quantum yields. By making use of a combination of dialysis and column chromatography, we were able to isolate various luminescent species with high quantum yields and verify the existence of different molecular fluorophores. A detailed and consistent characterization of the reaction products during the course of purification revealed strong interactions between molecular fluorophores and larger reaction products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Otten
- Institut für Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Marco Hildebrandt
- Institut für Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühnemuth
- Institut für Molekulare Physikalische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Institut für Kolloide und Nanooptik, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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19
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Guo Z, Song R, Zhang L, Li Z, Yao H, Liu Q, Wang J, Li Z. Three-dimensional carbon dots/Prussian blue analogues nanocubes /nickel foams as self-standing electrodes for high-performance hybrid electrochemical capacitors. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 613:796-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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20
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Xiao G, Fang X, Ma Y, Yan D. Multi-Mode and Dynamic Persistent Luminescence from Metal Cytosine Halides through Balancing Excited-State Proton Transfer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200992. [PMID: 35398992 PMCID: PMC9165479 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent luminescence has attracted great attention due to the unique applications in molecular imaging, photodynamic therapy, and information storage, among many others. However, tuning the dynamic persistent luminescence through molecular design and materials engineering remains a challenge. In this work, the first example of excitation-dependent persistent luminescence in a reverse mode for smart optical materials through tailoring the excited-state proton transfer process of metal cytosine halide hybrids is reported. This approach enables ultralong phosphorescence and thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission colors highly tuned by modulation of excitation wavelength, time evolution, and temperature, which realize multi-mode dynamic color adjustment from green to blue or cyan to yellow-green. At the single crystal level, the 2D excitation/space/time-resolved optical waveguides with triple color conversion have been constructed on the organic-metal halide microsheets, which represent a new strategy for multi-dimensional information encryption and optical logic gate applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowei Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Juan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
| | - Dongpeng Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage MaterialsCollege of Chemistryand Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875P. R. China
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21
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Lu W, Liu Y, Zhang ZY, Xiao J, Liu CY. Dual emissive amphiphilic carbon dots as ratiometric fluorescent probes for the determination of critical micelle concentration of surfactants. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:672-677. [PMID: 35088063 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive determination of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants is very important for their practical application. Due to their good sensitivity and simple operation, pyrene and its derivatives have been widely used as fluorescent probes to detect the CMC. However, their virulent and poor water-soluble nature has limited their wide employment. In the present work, environmentally friendly amphiphilic carbon dots (Cdots) with dual-color emission and absolute quantum yield (PLQY) values higher than 50% have been fabricated through a solvothermal process, which could successfully serve as self-calibrative, ratiometric fluorescent probes to estimate the CMC of both non-ionic and ionic surfactants. This work not only provides a new strategy to design green ratiometric fluorescent probes for the CMC measurement of surfactants but also expands the application of Cdots in the colloidal field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Lu
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Junping Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.
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22
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Huang C, Feng M, Zhu X, Zhou Q, Zeng S, Huang Y, Zhang H. Polymer Precursor Strategy Toward the Precise Synthesis of Uniform Hairy Carbon Dots with Tunable Sizes and Size Effects over Their Fluorescence. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chushu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Meiran Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Xueer Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qinyu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Shanshan Zeng
- Central Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yifu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Hefeng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou 515063, China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Industry Jieyang Center, Jieyang, Guangdong Province 522000, China
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23
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Qureashi A, Pandith AH, Bashir A, Malik LA. Biomass-derived carbon quantum dots: a novel and sustainable fluorescent "ON-OFF-ON" sensor for ferric ions. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4756-4766. [PMID: 34559168 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent carbon dot sensing probes have attracted much attention in recent times due to their amazing properties regarding chemical inertness, solubility, non-toxicity, optoelectronic behavior, and charge transport functionality. Herein, we report the green synthesis of lotus stem-derived carbon dots (LS-CQDs) from the naturally available lotus stem by a simple and economical hydrothermal method without the use of an oxidizing agent. HR-TEM and DLS measurements confirm the quasi-spherical shaped LS-CQDs, with a 2.5 nm average diameter. The LS-CQDs possess better aqueous dispersibility and stability due to the presence of hydrophilic hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amine surface functional groups, as manifested by FT-IR analysis. The LS-CQDs demonstrate excellent fluorescence properties that are sensitive to conditions of pH, time, and temperature. Furthermore, the prepared LS-CQDs display an interesting fluorescence "ON-OFF-ON" property. The LS-CQDs depict a selective and sensitive fluorescence quenching response in the presence of ferric ions. Moreover, the prepared LS-CQDs exhibit a quantum yield of about 0.44%. The LS-CQDs show an excellent sensing response with the limit of detection (LOD) equal to 0.212 ppm. The promising sensitivity and selectivity of LS-CQDs were utilized for the detection of ferric ions in the water samples collected from three polluted sources viz. lake water (Dal lake), underground water (tube well), and stream water. For all the collected water samples the results were reasonably good with the achievement of recovery factor above 1. Therefore, we strongly believe that the present study will serve as a good guiding star for the selective and sensitive detection of ferric ions from various polluted water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliya Qureashi
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India.
| | - Altaf Hussain Pandith
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India.
| | - Arshid Bashir
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India.
| | - Lateef Ahmad Malik
- Laboratory of Nanoscience and Quantum Computations, Department of Chemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, J&K, India.
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24
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Ndlwana L, Raleie N, Dimpe KM, Ogutu HF, Oseghe EO, Motsa MM, Msagati TA, Mamba BB. Sustainable Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Synthesis of Advanced Carbon Materials in Multidimensional Applications: A Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:5094. [PMID: 34501183 PMCID: PMC8434334 DOI: 10.3390/ma14175094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The adoption of green technology is very important to protect the environment and thus there is a need for improving the existing methods for the fabrication of carbon materials. As such, this work proposes to discuss, interrogate, and propose viable hydrothermal, solvothermal, and other advanced carbon materials synthesis methods. The synthesis approaches for advanced carbon materials to be interrogated will include the synthesis of carbon dots, carbon nanotubes, nitrogen/titania-doped carbons, graphene quantum dots, and their nanocomposites with solid/polymeric/metal oxide supports. This will be performed with a particular focus on microwave-assisted solvothermal and hydrothermal synthesis due to their favourable properties such as rapidity, low cost, and being green/environmentally friendly. These methods are regarded as important for the current and future synthesis and modification of advanced carbon materials for application in energy, gas separation, sensing, and water treatment. Simultaneously, the work will take cognisance of methods reducing the fabrication costs and environmental impact while enhancing the properties as a direct result of the synthesis methods. As a direct result, the expectation is to impart a significant contribution to the scientific body of work regarding the improvement of the said fabrication methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lwazi Ndlwana
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Naledi Raleie
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Kgogobi M. Dimpe
- Doornfontein Campus, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa;
| | - Hezron F. Ogutu
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Ekemena O. Oseghe
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Mxolisi M. Motsa
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Titus A.M. Msagati
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
| | - Bhekie B. Mamba
- Florida Science Campus Florida, Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa; (N.R.); (H.F.O.); (E.O.O.); (M.M.M.); (T.A.M.M.); (B.B.M.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
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25
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Zhang W, Sigdel G, Mintz KJ, Seven ES, Zhou Y, Wang C, Leblanc RM. Carbon Dots: A Future Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrating Nanomedicine and Drug Nanocarrier. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5003-5016. [PMID: 34326638 PMCID: PMC8316758 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s318732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is one of the biggest challenges in modern medicine due to the BBB's highly semipermeable property that limits most therapeutic agents of brain diseases to enter the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, nanoparticles, especially carbon dots (CDs), exhibit many unprecedented applications for drug delivery. Several types of CDs and CD-ligand conjugates have been reported successfully penetrating the BBB, which shows a promising progress in the application of CD-based drug delivery system (DDS) for the treatment of CNS diseases. In this review, our discussion of CDs includes their classification, preparations, structures, properties, and applications for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) and brain tumor. Moreover, abundant functional groups on the surface, especially amine and carboxyl groups, allow CDs to conjugate with diverse drugs as versatile drug nanocarriers. In addition, structure of the BBB is briefly described, and mechanisms for transporting various molecules across the BBB and other biological barriers are elucidated. Most importantly, recent developments in drug delivery with CDs as BBB-penetrating nanodrugs and drug nanocarriers to target CNS diseases especially Alzheimer's disease and brain tumor are summarized. Eventually, future prospects of the CD-based DDS are discussed in combination with the development of artificial intelligence and nanorobots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Ganesh Sigdel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Elif S Seven
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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26
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Liu C, Yang M, Hu J, Bao L, Tang B, Wei X, Zhao JL, Jin Z, Luo QY, Pang DW. Quantitatively Switchable pH-Sensitive Photoluminescence of Carbon Nanodots. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2727-2735. [PMID: 33705142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
pH sensing plays a key role in the life sciences as well as the environmental, industrial, and agricultural fields. Carbon nanodots (C-dots) with small size, low toxicity, and excellent stability hold great potential in pH sensing as nanoprobes due to their intrinsic pH-sensitive photoluminescence (PL). Nonetheless, the undesirable sensitivity and response range of C-dot PL toward pH cannot meet the requirements of practical applications, and the unclear pH-sensitive PL mechanism makes it difficult to control their pH sensitivity. Herein, the quantitative correlation of pH-sensitive PL with specific surface structures of C-dots is uncovered for the first time, to our best knowledge. The association of carboxylate and H+ increases the ratio of nonradiation to radiation decay of C-dots through excited-state proton transfer, resulting in the decrease of PL intensity. Meanwhile, the dissociation of α-H in β-dicarbonyl forming enolate increases the extent of delocalization of the C-dots conjugated system, which induces the PL broadening to the red region and a decreasing intensity. Based on the understanding of the pH-sensitive PL mechanism, the pH-sensitive PL of C-dots can be switched by quantitative modulation of carboxyl and β-dicarbonyl groups to achieve a desirable pH response range with high sensitivity. This work contributes to a better understanding of the pH-sensitive PL of C-dots and therefore presents an effective strategy for controllably tuning their pH sensitivity, facilitating the rational design of C-dot-based pH sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Liu
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
- Institute of Medical Engineering, Department of Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Yang
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Hu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Lei Bao
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Bo Tang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wei
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Zhao
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zongwen Jin
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qing-Ying Luo
- Research Center for Micro/Nano System & Bionic Medicine, Institute of Biomedical & Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, The Institute for Advanced Studies, and Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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27
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Damera D, Manimaran R, Krishna Venuganti VV, Nag A. Green Synthesis of Full-Color Fluorescent Carbon Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus Twigs for Sensing the Synthetic Food Colorant and Bioimaging. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19905-19918. [PMID: 32803087 PMCID: PMC7424742 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Full-color fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) are produced by a facile and green hydrothermal method followed by the differential washing technique. Eucalyptus twigs are used as a precursor to synthesize multiemissive light blue, blue, green, and red CNPs. Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) is a widely used synthetic food colorant, which is toxic for the human body, when consumed beyond the permitted limit. Herein, we demonstrate light blue CNPs as a sensor for selective and sensitive detection of BB via a fluorescence quenching mechanism with a limit of detection of 200 nM. Temperature-dependent fluorescence and 1H NMR studies confirmed the mechanism as combined dynamic and static quenching. To demonstrate the practical efficacy of the sensor, BB is effectively detected and estimated in selected food samples procured from the market. Moreover, the biocompatibility of light blue and blue CNPs is examined and confirmed by performing a cytotoxicity assay on MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Subsequently, the cellular imaging study is also carried out to explore the internalization process of the CNPs as a function of concentration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Eucalyptus twigs, a natural source of high abundance, are used as raw materials and valorized for sensing artificial food color and bioimaging purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Amit Nag
- Department
of Chemistry, BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500078, India
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28
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Li A, Zheng D, Zhang M, Wu B, Zhu L. Chirality Transfer in Carbon Dot-Composited Sol-Gel Systems for Excitation-Dependent Circularly Polarized Luminescence. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8965-8970. [PMID: 32635736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In situ control of a circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) signal is desirable but rarely addressed. Even to compare with traditional chemical regulations, controlling the CPL signal at the material level using simple physical manipulation (such as photoexcitation) can be more convenient and preferable. In this work, we have constructed carbon dot-based composite luminescent materials with CPL activity. The materials can exist in the sol-gel state in a mixture solvent by chiral co-assembly, and chirality transfer occurred in the supramolecular assemblies and induced the CPL activity. Owing to the unique luminescent properties of the carbon dot component, the obtained CPL signal of the composite system is therefore excitation-dependent. The control ability of the CPL signal may allow the composite materials to find potential usage in advanced chirality-related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Dongxiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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29
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Zheng D, Li A, Zhang M, Wang X, Wu B, Zhao P, Jia X, Ding J, Zou Q, Zhu L. An excitation-dependent ratiometric dual-emission strategy for the large-scale enhancement of fluorescent tint control. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:12773-12778. [PMID: 32584361 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01882a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An alternative and convenient strategy for preparing carbon dots (CDs) with multicolor and dual-emission fluorescence is described. For this dual-emission characteristic, the short-wavelength emission reveals unique excitation-dependent fluorescence behavior, during which the long-wavelength emission remains unshifted regardless of the excitation. Consequently, such excitation-dependent ratiometric dual emission can be applied into a fluorescent tint control of this material between the cold and warm white-light regions. This unique property allows the CDs to be further translated into film sheets for visual detection of the irradiation source, and to also be conjugated with calf thymus DNA for multichannel bioimaging. These results offer new insights for the development of easy-to-handle techniques for material luminescent color tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Anze Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Qi Zou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials in Electric Power, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
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30
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Huo Z, Chen G, Geng Y, Cong L, Pan L, Xu W, Xu S. A two-photon fluorescence, carbonized polymer dot (CPD)-based, wide range pH nanosensor: a view from the surface state. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:9094-9103. [PMID: 32286603 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr01543a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A green-emitting, low-toxicity carbonized polymer dot (CPD) with a high fluorescence quantum yield was synthesised by a simple hydrothermal method, and has been applied as a three-mode pH indicator and the pH readouts involve the intensity ratio of the absorption bands, the single-photon fluorescence, and the two-photon fluorescence (TPF) signals. The pH sensing mechanism of this CPD is dependent on the hydrogen ion regulation on its surface states, which is evidenced for the first time by transient spectroscopy. The rich surface states of this CPD allow a wider pH-responsive range relative to other carbon nanodot-based pH nanosensors. Its ultra-small size, low cell toxicity, high brightness and stability are conducive to intracellular pH sensing under the TPF imaging. Our study is helpful for the development of novel carbon-based sensing materials based on the design of the surface states. It also provides a new candidate for up-conversion photoluminescence-responsive imaging agents and it has potential applications in the diagnosis and dynamic monitoring of cells relying on the pH evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.
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31
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Qi H, Wu X, Zhang H, Tang Y, Gao H, Qian M, Qi H. Synthesis of multiple-color emissive carbon dots towards white-light emission. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:245001. [PMID: 32109887 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7b08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiple-color emissive carbon dots (C-dots) are gaining increasing attention in various fields. Herein, we report a facile solvothermal method for the synthesis of multiple-color emissive C-dots with the aim of white-light emission. Under single ultraviolet-light excitation, three C-dots emit a easily controlled fluorescent emission wavelength at 440 nm, 500 nm and 610 nm by using different three amines (either ammonium hydroxide, ethylenediamine or p-phenylenediamine, respectively) and pyromellitic dianhydride as molecular precursors while another three C-dots emit a controllable fluorescent emission wavelength at 500 nm, 550 nm and 585 nm by using same three amines and naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride as molecular precursors. The maximum fluorescence wavelength of these C-dots is red-shifted by changing three different amines molecular precursors from ammonium hydroxide, ethylenediamine, to p-phenylenediamine. Furthermore, these C-dots have shown promising applications in the fields of white-light-emitting diodes devices and color printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Qi
- Institute of Analytical Science, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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32
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Li X, Baryshnikov G, Ding L, Bao X, Li X, Lu J, Liu M, Shen S, Luo M, Zhang M, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Dual-Phase Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens: A Material for Time-Resolved Imaging Independent of Probe Pretreatment and Probe Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7548-7554. [PMID: 32073698 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Developing luminescent probes with long lifetime and high emission efficiency is essential for time-resolved imaging. However, the practical applications usually suffer from emission quenching of traditional luminogens in aggregated states, or from weak emission of aggregation-induced emission type luminogens in monomeric states. Herein, we overcome this dilemma by a rigid-and-flexible alternation design in donor-acceptor-donor skeletons, to achieve a thermally activated delayed fluorescence luminogen with high emission efficiency both in the monomeric state (quantum yield up to 35.3 %) and in the aggregated state (quantum yield up to 30.8 %). Such a dual-phase strong and long-lived emission allows a time-resolved luminescence imaging, with an efficiency independent of probe pretreatment and probe concentration. The findings open opportunities for developing luminescent probes with a usage in larger temporal and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and Technology, Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
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33
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Li X, Baryshnikov G, Ding L, Bao X, Li X, Lu J, Liu M, Shen S, Luo M, Zhang M, Ågren H, Wang X, Zhu L. Dual‐Phase Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Luminogens: A Material for Time‐Resolved Imaging Independent of Probe Pretreatment and Probe Concentration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202000185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Gleb Baryshnikov
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Longjiang Ding
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xiaoyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Xin Li
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jianjun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Miaoqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Science and TechnologyMinistry of Education and Shanxi ProvinceTaiyuan University of Technology Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Shen Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Mengkai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Man Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of BiotechnologyKTH Royal Institute of Technology 10691 Stockholm Sweden
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringDepartment of ChemistryHenan University Kaifeng Henan 475004 P. R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of ChemistryFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of PolymersDepartment of Macromolecular ScienceFudan University Shanghai 200438 China
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34
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He X, Wang C, Huang X, Jin L, Chu X, Xie M, Nie Y, Xu Y, Peng Z, Zhang C, Lu J, Yang W. Carbon Nanolights in Piezopolymers are Self-Organizing Toward Color Tunable Luminous Hybrids for Kinetic Energy Harvesting. SMALL 2020; 16:e1905703. [PMID: 32003138 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein, an all-solid-state sequential self-organization and self-assembly process is reported for the in situ construction of a color tunable luminous inorganic/polymer hybrid with high direct piezoresponse. The primary inorganic self-organization in solid polymer and the subsequent polymer self-assembly are achieved at high pressure with the first utilization of piezo-copolymer (PVDF-TrFE) as the host matrix of guest carbon quantum dots (CQDs). This process induces the spontaneous formation of a highly ordered, microscale, polygonal, and hierarchically structured CQDs/PVDF-TrFE hybrid with multicolor photoluminescence, consisting of very thermodynamic stable polar crystalline nanowire arrays. The electrical polarization-free CQDs/PVDF-TrFE hybrids can efficiently harvest the environmental available kinetic mechanical energy with a new large-scale group-cooperation mechanism. The open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current outputs reach up to 29.6 V cm-2 and 550 nA cm-2 , respectively. The CQDs/PVDF-TrFE-based hybrid nanogenerator demonstrates drastically improved durable and reliable features during the real-time demonstration of powering commercial light emitting diodes. No attenuation/fluctuation of the electrical signals is observed for ≈10 000 continuous working cycles. This study may offer a new design concept for progressively but spontaneously constructing novel multiple self-adaptive complex inorganic/polymer hybrids that promise applications in the next generation of self-powered autonomous optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Jin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Yali Xu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhou Peng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Chaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
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35
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Color-tunable single-fluorophore supramolecular system with assembly-encoded emission. Nat Commun 2020; 11:158. [PMID: 31919416 PMCID: PMC6952351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13994-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulating the fluorescent properties of organic small molecules in a controlled and dynamic manner has been a fundamental research goal. Although several strategies have been exploited, realizing multi-color molecular emission from a single fluorophore remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate an emissive system by combining pyrene fluorophore and acylhydrazone units, which can generate multi-color switchable fluorescent emissions at different assembled states. Two kinds of supramolecular tools, amphiphilic self-assembly and γ-cyclodextrin mediated host-guest recognition, are used to manipulate the intermolecular aromatic stacking distances, resulting in the tunable fluorescent emission ranging from blue to yellow, including a pure white-light emission. Moreover, an external chemical signal, amylase, is introduced to control the assembly states of the system on a time scale, generating a distinct dynamic emission system. The dynamic properties of this multi-color fluorescent system can be also enabled in a hydrogel network, exhibiting a promising potential for intelligent fluorescent materials. Regulating fluorescent properties of small molecules in a controlled manner has been a fundamental research goal but realizing multi-color emission from a single fluorophore remains challenging. Here the authros demonstrate that combined pyrene fluorophore and acylhydrazone units show multi-color switchable fluorescent at different assembled states.
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36
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Zhi B, Yao X, Cui Y, Orr G, Haynes CL. Synthesis, applications and potential photoluminescence mechanism of spectrally tunable carbon dots. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:20411-20428. [PMID: 31641702 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr05028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the prominent characteristics of carbon-based luminescent nanostructures (known colloquially as carbon dots), such as inexpensive precursors, excellent hydrophilicity, low toxicity, and intrinsic fluorescence, these nanomaterials are regarded as potential candidates to replace traditional quantum dots in some applications. As such, research in the field of carbon dots has been increasing in recent years. In this mini-review, we summarize recent progress in studies of multicolor carbon dots focusing on potential photoluminescence (PL) mechanisms, strategies for effective syntheses, and applications in ion/molecule and temperature sensing, light emitting diodes and high-resolution bioimaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA.
| | - XiaoXiao Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA.
| | - Yi Cui
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Galya Orr
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Christy L Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, USA.
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37
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Zhai Y, Shen F, Zhang X, Jing P, Li D, Yang X, Zhou D, Xu X, Qu S. Synthesis of green emissive carbon dots@montmorillonite composites and their application for fabrication of light-emitting diodes and latent fingerprints markers. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 554:344-352. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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38
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Li RS, Liu JH, Yang T, Gao PF, Wang J, Liu H, Zhen SJ, Li YF, Huang CZ. Carbon Quantum Dots–Europium(III) Energy Transfer Architecture Embedded in Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes for Fingerprint Security and Document Counterspy. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11185-11191. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Sheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jia Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Tong Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Kunming 650500, P. R. China
| | - Peng Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Shu Jun Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Zhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P. R. China
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39
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40
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Zhou D, Jing P, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Li D, Xiong Y, Baranov AV, Qu S, Rogach AL. Carbon dots produced via space-confined vacuum heating: maintaining efficient luminescence in both dispersed and aggregated states. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2019; 4:388-395. [PMID: 32254091 DOI: 10.1039/c8nh00247a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced quenching (AIQ) of emission is an obstacle for the development of carbon dots (CDots) for solid-state luminescent devices. In this work, we introduce a method to avoid AIQ and to produce highly luminescent CDots through a space-confined vacuum heating synthesis. In the presence of CaCl2, a mixture of citric acid and urea forms an inflated foam under vacuum heating at 120 °C. Upon gradually increasing the heating temperature to 250 °C, blue emissive molecular species are first formed, and are then transformed into uniform-sized green emissive CDots through dehydration and carbonization processes taking place in the confined ultrathin spaces of the foam walls. The green luminescence of these CDots originates from conjugated sp2 domains, and these CDots exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 72% in ethanol solution. Remarkably, due to the existence of only one type of recombination center in these nanoparticles, AIQ does not take place in CDot-based close-packed films, which show strong emission with a PLQY of 65%. Utilizing the differences in the emission properties of vacuum heating produced CDots, CDots synthesized through microwave-assisted heating, and commercial green fluorescent organic ink (namely, excitation-dependent vs. excitation-independent emission, and different stability against photobleaching), multilevel data encryption has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, P. R. China
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Wang Y, Su Q, Yang X. Exploration of the synthesis of three types of multicolor carbon dot originating from isomers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11312-11315. [PMID: 30234860 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc06116e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, the synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) exhibiting long-wavelength emission is still challenging. Herein, we have synthesized for the first time three types of CD with multicolor emission derived from isomers. Importantly, their particle size, nitrogen-doping amount and band gaps collectively regulate the fluorescence emission of the proposed CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Zhao P, Zhu L. Dispersibility of carbon dots in aqueous and/or organic solvents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5401-5406. [PMID: 29736525 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02279h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots have a wide range of applications in biological and medical fields as an alternative to quantum dots because of their low toxicity and excellent luminescence properties. To date, a large number of carbon dots have been prepared and they were consequently reviewed according to their synthetic method, luminescence properties and related applications. The dispersibility of carbon dots in aqueous and/or organic solvents could actually play a significant role in the properties and various application fields, however, such a perspective is ignored by most of the reviewed literature studies. Thus in this minireview, we focus on the surfactant groups of carbon dots which could be classified as hydrophilic, hydrophobic and amphiphilic types. They have accordingly a marked impact on the dispersibility of carbon dots in different solvents as well as the further advantage in those imaging studies in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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