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Xu L, Xu L, Lan J, Li Y, Li Q, Wang A, Guo Y, Ang YS, Quhe R, Lu J. Sub-5 nm Ultrathin In 2O 3 Transistors for High-Performance and Low-Power Electronic Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38676632 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin oxide semiconductors are promising candidates for back-end-of-line (BEOL) compatible transistors and monolithic three-dimensional integration. Experimentally, ultrathin indium oxide (In2O3) field-effect transistors (FETs) with thicknesses down to 0.4 nm exhibit an extremely high drain current (104 μA/μm) and transconductance (4000 μS/μm). Here, we employ ab initio quantum transport simulation to investigate the performance limit of sub-5 nm gate length (Lg) ultrathin In2O3 FETs. Based on the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) criteria for high-performance (HP) devices, the scaling limit of ultrathin In2O3 FETs can reach 2 nm in terms of on-state current, delay time, and power dissipation. The wide bandgap nature of ultrathin In2O3 (3.0 eV) renders it a suitable candidate for ITRS low-power (LP) electronics with Lg down to 3 nm. Notably, both the HP and LP ultrathin In2O3 FETs exhibit superior energy-delay products as compared to those of other common 2D semiconductors such as monolayer MoS2 and MoTe2. These findings unveil the potential of ultrathin In2O3 in HP and LP nanoelectronic device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Lianqiang Xu
- School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Nanostructure and Functional Materials, Ningxia Normal University, Guyuan 756000, China
| | - Jun Lan
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yida Li
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiuhui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Aili Wang
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
- Zhejiang University─University of Illinois at Urbana─Champaign Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
| | - Ying Guo
- School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yee Sin Ang
- Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore University of Technology and Design (SUTD), 8 Somapah Road, Singapore 487372, Singapore
| | - Ruge Quhe
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong 226000, China
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Zhou Z, Lin JF, Zeng Z, Ma X, Liang L, Li Y, Zhao Z, Mei Z, Yang H, Li Q, Wu J, Fan S, Chen X, Xia TL, Wei Y. Engineering van der Waals Contacts by Interlayer Dipoles. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:4408-4414. [PMID: 38567928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Tuning the interfacial Schottky barrier with van der Waals (vdW) contacts is an important solution for two-dimensional (2D) electronics. Here we report that the interlayer dipoles of 2D vdW superlattices (vdWSLs) can be used to engineer vdW contacts to 2D semiconductors. A bipolar WSe2 with Ba6Ta11S28 (BTS) vdW contact was employed to exhibit this strategy. Strong interlayer dipoles can be formed due to charge transfer between the Ba3TaS5 and TaS2 layers. Mechanical exfoliation breaks the superlattice and produces two distinguished surfaces with TaS2 and Ba3TaS5 terminations. The surfaces thus have opposite surface dipoles and consequently different work functions. Therefore, all the devices fall into two categories in accordance with the rectifying direction, which were verified by electrical measurements and scanning photocurrent microscopy. The growing vdWSL family along with the addition surface dipoles enables prospective vdW contact designs and have practical application in nanoelectronics and nano optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoping Zhou
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jun-Fa Lin
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Zimeng Zeng
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Liang Liang
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhongyuan Zhao
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Mei
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huaixin Yang
- Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qunqing Li
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoushan Fan
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian-Long Xia
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Functional Materials & Micro-nano Devices, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation (Ministry of Education) and Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wei
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Liu B, Yue X, Sheng C, Chen J, Tang C, Shan Y, Han J, Shen S, Wu W, Li L, Lu Y, Hu L, Liu R, Qiu ZJ, Cong C. High-Performance Contact-Doped WSe 2 Transistors Using TaSe 2 Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19247-19253. [PMID: 38591143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have garnered significant attention due to their potential for next-generation electronics, which require device scaling. However, the performance of TMD-based field-effect transistors (FETs) is greatly limited by the contact resistance. This study develops an effective strategy to optimize the contact resistance of WSe2 FETs by combining contact doping and 2D metallic electrode materials. The contact regions were doped using a laser, and the metallic TaSe2 flakes were stacked on doped WSe2 as electrodes. Doping the contact areas decreases the depletion width, while introducing the TaSe2 contact results in a lower Schottky barrier. This method significantly improves the electrical performance of the WSe2 FETs. The doped WSe2/TaSe2 contact exhibits an ultralow Schottky barrier height of 65 meV and a contact resistance of 11 kΩ·μm, which is a 50-fold reduction compared to the conventional Cr/Au contact. Our method offers a way on fabricating high-performance 2D FETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjie Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaofei Yue
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chenxu Sheng
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chengjie Tang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yabing Shan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinkun Han
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shuwen Shen
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wenxuan Wu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lijia Li
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ye Lu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Laigui Hu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Qiu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunxiao Cong
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
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Jia X, Cheng Z, Song Y, Zhang Y, Ye Y, Li M, Cheng X, Xu W, Li Y, Dai L. Nanoscale Channel Length MoS 2 Vertical Field-Effect Transistor Arrays with Side-Wall Source/Drain Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16544-16552. [PMID: 38513260 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have natural advantages in overcoming the short-channel effect in field-effect transistors (FETs) and in fabricating three-dimensional FETs, which benefit in increasing device density. However, so far, most reported works related to MoS2 FETs with a sub-100 nm channel employ mechanically exfoliated materials and all of the works involve electron beam lithography (EBL), which may limit their application in fabricating wafer-scale device arrays as demanded in integrated circuits (ICs). In this work, MoS2 FET arrays with a side-wall source and drain electrodes vertically distributed are designed and fabricated. The channel length of the as-fabricated FET is basically determined by the thickness of an insulating layer between the source and drain electrodes. The vertically distributed source and drain electrodes enable to reduce the electrode-occupied area and increase in the device density. The as-fabricated vertical FETs exhibit on/off ratios comparable to those of mechanically exfoliated MoS2 FETs with a nanoscale channel length under identical VDS. In addition, the as-fabricated FETs can work at a VDS as low as 10 mV with a desirable on/off ratio (1.9 × 107), which benefits in developing low-power devices. Moreover, the fabrication process is free from EBL and can be applied to wafer-scale device arrays. The statistical results show that the fabricated FET arrays have a device yield of 87.5% and an average on/off ratio of about 1.7 × 106 at a VDS of 10 mV, with the lowest and highest ones to be about 1.3 × 104 and 1.9 × 107, respectively, demonstrating the good reliability of our fabrication process. Our work promises a bright future for TMDCs in realizing high-density and low-power nanoelectronic devices in ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Jia
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhixuan Cheng
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yiwen Song
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu Ye
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Minglai Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wanjin Xu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lun Dai
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Beijing 100871, China
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5
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Ma L, Wang Y, Liu Y. van der Waals Contact for Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2583-2616. [PMID: 38427801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have emerged as highly promising candidates for next-generation electronics owing to their atomically thin structures and surfaces devoid of dangling bonds. However, establishing high-quality metal contacts with TMDs presents a critical challenge, primarily attributed to their ultrathin bodies and delicate lattices. These distinctive characteristics render them susceptible to physical damage and chemical reactions when conventional metallization approaches involving "high-energy" processes are implemented. To tackle this challenge, the concept of van der Waals (vdW) contacts has recently been proposed as a "low-energy" alternative. Within the vdW geometry, metal contacts can be physically laminated or gently deposited onto the 2D channel of TMDs, ensuring the formation of atomically clean and electronically sharp contact interfaces while preserving the inherent properties of the 2D TMDs. Consequently, a considerable number of vdW contact devices have been extensively investigated, revealing unprecedented transport physics or exceptional device performance that was previously unachievable. This review presents recent advancements in vdW contacts for TMD transistors, discussing the merits, limitations, and prospects associated with each device geometry. By doing so, our purpose is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and provide insights into future directions within this rapidly evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likuan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiliu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Zhou W, Luo C, Chao Y, Xiong S, Long M, Chen T. First-principles study on the electronic properties of biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+, and T-graphene based nanoribbons. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8067-8074. [PMID: 38454942 PMCID: PMC10918769 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the successful separation of graphene, carbon materials with the excellent physical and chemical properties have attracted the interest of a large number of researchers. In this paper, density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green's function is used to systematically study the electronic structures of two-dimensional biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+ and T-graphene, and to reveal the electron transport properties of net-graphene nanodevices under asymmetric regulation. The results show that biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+, and T-graphene all show metallic properties, in which biphenylene and net-graphene show anisotropy, while graphene+ and T-graphene show isotropy. In addition, for the one-dimensional new carbon based nanoribbons, except for the armchair-edged net-graphene and biphenylene nanoribbons, which exhibit semiconductor properties and a band gap value of 0.08 eV, the rest of the carbon nanoribbons display metal properties. Interestingly, two of them showed a tendency to oscillate and decrease the band gap value with increasing width, while BPN-2 biphenylene nanoribbons directly changed from exhibiting semiconductor to metallic properties with increasing width combination with no oscillation. The electronic transport properties of net-graphene nanoribbons based nanodevice models for electrons transform along zigzag and armchair directions are systematically studied. An obvious negative differential resistance characteristic along the armchair and zigzag directions can be found. Overall, these interesting results show that these new net-graphene nanodevices have good practical application prospects in future electronic nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhou
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Yun Chao
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Songbo Xiong
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Menegqiu Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Tong Chen
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
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Alboteanu G, Ya'akobovitz A. Exceptionally large fracture strength and stretchability of 2D ReS 2 and ReSe 2. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3454-3461. [PMID: 38112027 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03670g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional rhenium disulfide (ReS2) and rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) have gained popularity due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties. However, their mechanical behavior has not been investigated experimentally and many of their mechanical parameters are still unexplored. Here we conducted atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation experiments and extracted their Young's moduli and found that it is thickness-independent. In addition, we found that both materials are capable of sustaining large pretension. Importantly, fracture tests showed that these materials exhibit exceptionally large fracture strength (32.9 ± 2.4 GPa and 27.7 ± 3.9 GPa for ReS2 and ReSe2, respectively) and stretchability (up to 24.2% for ReS2 and 23.0% for ReSe2). Therefore, this study shows the superior mechanical properties of ReS2 and ReSe2. Thus, it will open the path for their future integration into advanced applications that will benefit from their outstanding mechanical durability and attractive optoelectronic properties, such as flexible photodetectors, stretchable photonic devices, and strain-engineered electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Alboteanu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
| | - Assaf Ya'akobovitz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel.
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8
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Tian S, Sun D, Chen F, Wang H, Li C, Yin C. Recent progress in plasma modification of 2D metal chalcogenides for electronic devices and optoelectronic devices. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:1577-1599. [PMID: 38173407 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05618j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal chalcogenides (2D MCs) present a great opportunity for overcoming the size limitation of traditional silicon-based complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. Controllable modulation compatible with CMOS processes is essential for the improvement of performance and the large-scale applications of 2D MCs. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in plasma modification of 2D MCs, including substitutional doping, defect engineering, surface charge transfer, interlayer coupling modulation, thickness control, and nano-array pattern etching in the fields of electronic devices and optoelectronic devices. Finally, challenges and outlooks for plasma modulation of 2D MCs are presented to offer valuable references for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Tian
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dapeng Sun
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Fengling Chen
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Honghao Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaobo Li
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chujun Yin
- Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
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9
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Zou F, Cong Y, Song W, Liu H, Li Y, Zhu Y, Zhao Y, Pan Y, Li Q. Interfacial Properties of Anisotropic Monolayer SiAs Transistors. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:238. [PMID: 38334509 PMCID: PMC10856446 DOI: 10.3390/nano14030238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The newly prepared monolayer (ML) SiAs is expected to be a candidate channel material for next-generation nano-electronic devices in virtue of its proper bandgap, high carrier mobility, and anisotropic properties. The interfacial properties in ML SiAs field-effect transistors are comprehensively studied with electrodes (graphene, V2CO2, Au, Ag, and Cu) by using ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulation. It is found that ML SiAs forms a weak van der Waals interaction with graphene and V2CO2, while it forms a strong interaction with bulk metals (Au, Ag, and Cu). Although ML SiAs has strong anisotropy, it is not reflected in the contact property. Based on the quantum transport simulation, ML SiAs forms n-type lateral Schottky contact with Au, Ag, and Cu electrodes with the Schottky barrier height (SBH) of 0.28 (0.27), 0.40 (0.47), and 0.45 (0.33) eV along the a (b) direction, respectively, while it forms p-type lateral Schottky contact with a graphene electrode with a SBH of 0.34 (0.28) eV. Fortunately, ML SiAs forms an ideal Ohmic contact with the V2CO2 electrode. This study not only gives a deep understanding of the interfacial properties of ML SiAs with electrodes but also provides a guide for the design of ML SiAs devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihu Zou
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Weiqi Song
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haosong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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10
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Song W, Dai J, Zou F, Niu Y, Cong Y, Li Q, Pan Y. Tunable ohmic van der Waals-type contacts in monolayer C 3N field-effect transistors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3820-3833. [PMID: 38274169 PMCID: PMC10808999 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Monolayer (ML) C3N, a novel two-dimensional flat crystalline material with a suitable bandgap and excellent carrier mobility, is a prospective channel material candidate for next-generation field-effect transistors (FETs). The contact properties of ML C3N-metal interfaces based on FETs have been comprehensively investigated with metal electrodes (graphene, Ti2C(OH/F)2, Zr2C(OH/F)2, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) by employing ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulations. The contact properties of ML C3N are isotropic along the armchair and zigzag directions except for the case of Au. ML C3N establishes vertical van der Waals-type ohmic contacts with all the calculated metals except for Zr2CF2. The ML C3N-graphene, -Zr2CF2, -Ti2CF2, -Pt, -Pd, and -Ni interfaces form p-type lateral ohmic contacts, while the ML C3N-Ti2C(OH)2 and -Zr2C(OH)2 interfaces form n-type lateral ohmic contacts. The ohmic contact polarity can be regulated by changing the functional groups of the 2D MXene electrodes. These results provide theoretical insights into the characteristics of ML C3N-metal interfaces, which are important for choosing suitable electrodes and the design of ML C3N devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Song
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jingrou Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Feihu Zou
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yize Niu
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
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11
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Su D, Liu G, Ma M, Wei R, Mu Y, Yang Z, Zhang G. First-principles study of the effect of doping on the optoelectronic properties of defective monolayers of MoSe 2. J Mol Model 2024; 30:29. [PMID: 38194004 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this paper, the structural stability, electronic structure, and optical properties of monolayer MoSe2 doped with C, O, Si, S, and Te atoms, respectively, under defective conditions are investigated based on first principles. It is found that the system is more structurally stable when defecting a single Se atom as compared to defecting a single Mo or two Se atoms. The electronic structure analysis of the system reveals that intrinsic MoSe2 is a direct bandgap semiconductor. The bandgap value of the system decreases with a single Se atom defect and introduces two new impurity energy levels in the conduction band. The defective systems doped with C and Si atoms all exhibit P-type doping. The total density of states of intrinsic MoSe2 is mainly contributed by the Mo-d and Se-p orbitals, and new density of state peaks appears near the conduction band after the defects of Se atoms. The total density of states of the defective system doped by each atom is mainly contributed by Mo-d, Se-p, and the result of the p orbital contribution of each dopant atom. By analyzing the dielectric function of each system, it is found that the intrinsic MoSe2 has the lowest static permittivity and the C-doped defect system has the highest static permittivity, which reaches 21.42. The C- and Si-doped defect systems are the first to start absorbing the light, and the intrinsic MoSe2 absorbs the light later, with its absorption edge starting at 1.25 eV. In the visible range, the reflection peaks of the systems move toward the high-energy region and the blue-shift phenomenon occurs. It is hoped that applying modification means to modulate the physical properties of the two-dimensional materials will provide some theoretical basis for broadening the application of monolayer MoSe2 in the field of optoelectronic devices. METHODS This study utilizes the first principle computational software package MS8.0 (Materials studio8.0) under density functional theory (DFT). The exchange-correlation potential (GGA-PBE) is described by the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof correlation function in CASTEP, and the potential function adopts the ultrasoft pseudopotential in the inverse space formulation. The plane wave truncation energy Ecut is set to 400 eV, the K-point is taken as 5 × 5 × 1, and the force convergence criterion is 0.05 eV/Å. The convergence accuracy of the total energy of the system is less than 1.0 × 10-5 eV/atom, the tolerance shift is less than 0.002 Å, and the stress deviation is less than 0.1 GPa. The vacuum layer is taken as 15 Å, which is intended to minimize the interlayer force. The vacuum layer was set to 15 Å to avoid the effect of layer-to-layer interaction forces in the crystal cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Su
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao Westroad Economic and Technological Development District, No.111, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guili Liu
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao Westroad Economic and Technological Development District, No.111, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengting Ma
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao Westroad Economic and Technological Development District, No.111, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Wei
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao Westroad Economic and Technological Development District, No.111, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yansong Mu
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao Westroad Economic and Technological Development District, No.111, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Yang
- College of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenliao Westroad Economic and Technological Development District, No.111, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- School of Physics, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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12
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Chou BJ, Chung YY, Yun WS, Hsu CF, Li MY, Su SK, Liew SL, Hou VDH, Chen CW, Kei CC, Shen YY, Chang WH, Lee TY, Cheng CC, Radu IP, Chien CH. High-performance monolayer MoS 2nanosheet GAA transistor. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 35:125204. [PMID: 38061057 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ad134b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
In this article, a 0.7 nm thick monolayer MoS2nanosheet gate-all-around field effect transistors (NS-GAAFETs) with conformal high-κmetal gate deposition are demonstrated. The device with 40 nm channel length exhibits a high on-state current density of ~410μAμm-1with a large on/off ratio of 6 × 108at drain voltage = 1 V. The extracted contact resistance is 0.48 ± 0.1 kΩμm in monolayer MoS2NS-GAAFETs, thereby showing the channel-dominated performance with the channel length scaling from 80 to 40 nm. The successful demonstration of device performance in this work verifies the integration potential of transition metal dichalcogenides for future logic transistor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Jhih Chou
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yan Chung
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Sheng Yun
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Feng Hsu
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yang Li
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Su
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - San-Lin Liew
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Kei
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yang Shen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - T Y Lee
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Iuliana P Radu
- Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsin Chien
- Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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13
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Liu L, Chen Y, Chen L, Xie B, Li G, Kong L, Tao Q, Li Z, Yang X, Lu Z, Ma L, Lu D, Yang X, Liu Y. Ultrashort vertical-channel MoS 2 transistor using a self-aligned contact. Nat Commun 2024; 15:165. [PMID: 38167517 PMCID: PMC10761794 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors hold great promises for ultra-scaled transistors. In particular, the gate length of MoS2 transistor has been scaled to 1 nm and 0.3 nm using single wall carbon nanotube and graphene, respectively. However, simultaneously scaling the channel length of these short-gate transistor is still challenging, and could be largely attributed to the processing difficulties to precisely align source-drain contact with gate electrode. Here, we report a self-alignment process for realizing ultra-scaled 2D transistors. By mechanically folding a graphene/BN/MoS2 heterostructure, source-drain metals could be precisely aligned around the folded edge, and the channel length is only dictated by heterostructure thickness. Together, we could realize sub-1 nm gate length and sub-50 nm channel length for vertical MoS2 transistor simultaneously. The self-aligned device exhibits on-off ratio over 105 and on-state current of 250 μA/μm at 4 V bias, which is over 40 times higher compared to control sample without self-alignment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Long Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Biao Xie
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| | - Lingan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Quanyang Tao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiaokun Yang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zheyi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Likuan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Donglin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Xiangdong Yang
- Institute of Micro/Nano Materials and Devices, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
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14
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Liang BW, Chang WH, Huang CS, Huang YJ, Chen JH, Li KS, Simbulan KB, Kumar H, Su CY, Kuan CH, Lan YW. Self-powered broadband photodetection enabled by facile CVD-grown MoS 2/GaN heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18233-18240. [PMID: 37943087 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03877g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Achieving self-powered photodetection without biasing is a notable challenge for photodetectors. In this work, we demonstrate the successful fabrication of large-scale van der Waals epitaxial molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on a p-GaN/sapphire substrate using a straightforward chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique. Our research primarily centers on the characterization of these photodetectors produced through this method. The MoS2/GaN heterojunction photodetector showcases a broad and extensive photoresponse spanning from ultraviolet A (UVA) to near-infrared (NIR). When illuminated by a 532 nm laser, its self-powered photoresponse is characterized by a rise time (τr) of ∼18.5 ms and a decay time (τd) of ∼123.2 ms. The photodetector achieves a responsivity (R) of ∼0.13 A W-1 and a specific detectivity (D*) of ∼3.8 × 1010 Jones at zero bias. Additionally, while utilizing a 404 nm laser, the photodetector reaches a maximum R and D* of ∼1.7 × 104 A/W and ∼1.6 × 1013 Jones, respectively, at Vb = 5 V. The operational mechanism of the device can be explained by the diode characteristics involving a tunneling current in the presence of reverse bias. The exceptional performance of these photodetectors can be attributed to the pristine interface between the CVD-grown MoS2 and GaN, providing an impeccably clean tunneling surface. Additionally, our investigation has unveiled that MoS2/GaN heterostructure photodetectors, featuring MoS2 coverage percentages spanning from 20% to 50%, exhibit improved responsivity capabilities at an external bias voltage. As a result, this facile CVD growth technique for MoS2 photodetectors holds significant potential for large-scale production in the manufacturing industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Wei Liang
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hao Chang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Sheng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - You-Jia Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Jyun-Hong Chen
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Shin Li
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Kristan Bryan Simbulan
- Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Harshvardhan Kumar
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Rupa ki Nangal, Post-Sumel, Via, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302031, India
| | - Ching-Yuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsiung Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Wen Lan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
- Advanced Materials and Green Energy Research Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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15
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Cao ZL, Guo XH, Yao KL, Zhu L. Sub-9 nm high-performance and low-power transistors based on an in-plane NbSe 2/MoSe 2/NbSe 2 heterojunction. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17029-17035. [PMID: 37846516 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04514e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to the ability to reduce the gate length of field-effect transistors (FETs) down to sub-10 nm without obviously affecting the performance of the device, the utilization of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials as channel materials for FETs is of great interest. However, in-plane 2D/2D heterojunction FETs have received less attention in previous studies than vertical van der Waals heterojunction devices. Based on the above reasons, this study has investigated the transport properties of an in-plane NbSe2/MoSe2/NbSe2 heterojunction FET with different gate lengths by using ab initio quantum transport simulation. The results reveal that a gate length of sub-9 nm gives the device a low subthreshold swing down to 62 mV dec-1 and a high on-state current up to 1040 μA μm-1. Most importantly, the on-state current, delay time, and power dissipation of the FET with the optimized channel length can nearly meet or even exceed the high-performance and low-power requirements of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. The findings for this FET can provide the design and development guidance for other in-plane heterojunction electrical devices in the post-Moore era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng-Lin Cao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao-Hui Guo
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kai-Lun Yao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China.
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16
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John JW, Mishra A, Debbarma R, Verzhbitskiy I, Goh KEJ. Probing charge traps at the 2D semiconductor/dielectric interface. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16818-16835. [PMID: 37842965 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03453d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The family of 2-dimensional (2D) semiconductors is a subject of intensive scientific research due to their potential in next-generation electronics. While offering many unique properties like atomic thickness and chemically inert surfaces, the integration of 2D semiconductors with conventional dielectric materials is challenging. The charge traps at the semiconductor/dielectric interface are among many issues to be addressed before these materials can be of industrial relevance. Conventional electrical characterization methods remain inadequate to quantify the traps at the 2D semiconductor/dielectric interface since the estimations of the density of interface traps, Dit, by different techniques may yield more than an order-of-magnitude discrepancy, even when extracted from the same device. Therefore, the challenge to quantify Dit at the 2D semiconductor/dielectric interface is about finding an accurate and reliable measurement method. In this review, we discuss characterization techniques which have been used to study the 2D semiconductor/dielectric interface. Specifically, we discuss the methods based on small-signal AC measurements, subthreshold slope measurements and low-frequency noise measurements. While these approaches were developed for silicon-based technology, 2D semiconductor devices possess a set of unique challenges requiring a careful re-evaluation when using these characterization techniques. We examine the conventional methods based on their efficacy and accuracy in differentiating various types of trap states and provide guidance to find an appropriate method for charge trap analysis and estimation of Dit at 2D semiconductor/dielectric interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wellington John
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Rousan Debbarma
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Ivan Verzhbitskiy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
| | - Kuan Eng Johnson Goh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Singapore.
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue 639798, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
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17
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Gul SH, Alrebdi TA, Idrees M, Amin B. Tunable electronic structures, Rashba splitting, and optical and photocatalytic responses of MSSe-PtO 2 (M = Mo, W) van der Waals heterostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:5829-5837. [PMID: 37881719 PMCID: PMC10597551 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00347g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Binding energies, AIMD simulation and phonon spectra confirm both the thermal and dynamical stabilities of model-I and model-II of MSSe-PtO2 (M = Mo, W) vdWHs. An indirect type-II band alignment in both the models of MSSe-PtO2 vdWHs and a larger Rashba spin splitting in model-II than in model-I provide a platform for experimental design of MSSe-PtO2 vdWHs for optoelectronics and spintronic device applications. Transfer of electrons from the MSSe layer to the PtO2 layer at the interface of MSSe-PtO2 vdWHs makes MSSe (PtO2) p(n)-type. Large absorption in the visible region of MoSSe-PtO2 vdWHs, while blue shifts in WSSe-PtO2 vdWHs are observed. In the case of model-II of MSSe-PtO2 vdWHs, a further blue shift is observed. Furthermore, the photocatalytic response shows that MSSe-PtO2 vdWHs cross the standard water redox potentials confirming their capability to split water into H+/H2 and O2/H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia H Gul
- Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Abbottabad 22010 Pakistan +92-333-943-665 +92-333-943-665
| | - Tahani A Alrebdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University PO Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - M Idrees
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212013 Jiangsu China
| | - B Amin
- Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Abbottabad 22010 Pakistan +92-333-943-665 +92-333-943-665
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18
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Hu Y, Jiang J, Zhang P, Ma Z, Guan F, Li D, Qian Z, Zhang X, Huang P. Prediction of nonlayered oxide monolayers as flexible high-κ dielectrics with negative Poisson's ratios. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6555. [PMID: 37848484 PMCID: PMC10582060 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been the focus of condensed matter physics and material science due to their promising fundamental properties and (opto-)electronic applications. However, high-κ 2D dielectrics that can be integrated within 2D devices are often missing. Here, we propose nonlayered oxide monolayers with calculated exfoliation energy as low as 0.39 J/m2 stemming from the ionic feature of the metal oxide bonds. We predict 51 easily or potentially exfoliable oxide monolayers, including metals and insulators/semiconductors, with intriguing physical properties such as ultra-high κ values, negative Poisson's ratios and large valley spin splitting. Among them, the most promising dielectric, GeO2, exhibits an auxetic effect, a κ value of 99, and forms type-I heterostructures with MoSe2 and HfSe2, with a band offset of ~1 eV. Our study opens the way for designing nonlayered 2D oxides, offering a platform for studying the rich physics in ultra-thin oxides and their potential applications in future information technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- School of Information Engineering, Jiangmen Polytechnic, Jiangmen, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fuxin Guan
- Department of Physics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Da Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhengfang Qian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA.
| | - Pu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration, Shenzhen University, 518060, Shenzhen, China.
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19
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Kuo CY, Chang YT, Huang YT, Ni IC, Chen MH, Wu CI. MoS 2 as an Effective Cu Diffusion Barrier with a Back-End Compatible Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47845-47854. [PMID: 37768847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) as a superior candidate as a diffusion barrier and liner. This research explores a newly developed process to show how effectively MoS2 can be applied. First, a new approach is developed to prepare molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) by microwave plasma-enhanced sulfurization (MW-PES). MW-PES can rapidly and directly grow on the target substrate at low temperatures, which is compatible with the back-end-of-line (BEOL) technology. Second, the performance of MW-PES MoS2 as a diffusion barrier and liner is reported in the subsequent section. Through time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) measurements, MoS2 is shown to have a barrier property better than that of the current material, Ta, with the same thickness. According to the model fitting, the lifetime of the device is about 45.2 times the lifetime under normal operating conditions. Furthermore, MoS2 shows its superior thermal stability in maintaining the barrier properties. MoS2 is proven to be an excellent interface as a liner as it can provide sufficient adhesion and wettability to further effectively reduce the surface scattering of copper (Cu) and significantly lower the circuit resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ting Chang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - I-Chih Ni
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Chen
- Department of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Wu
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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20
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Lee H, Kim H, Kim K, Jeong K, Leem M, Park S, Kang J, Yeom G, Kim H. Three-Dimensional Surface Treatment of MoS 2 Using BCl 3 Plasma-Derived Radicals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46513-46519. [PMID: 37729007 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The realization of next-generation gate-all-around field-effect transistors (FETs) using two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors necessitates the exploration of a three-dimensional (3D) and damage-free surface treatment method to achieve uniform atomic layer-deposition (ALD) of a high-k dielectric film on the inert surface of a TMDC channel. This study developed a BCl3 plasma-derived radical treatment for MoS2 to functionalize MoS2 surfaces for the subsequent ALD of an ultrathin Al2O3 film. Microstructural verification demonstrated a complete coverage of an approximately 2 nm-thick Al2O3 film on a planar MoS2 surface, and the applicability of the technique to 3D structures was confirmed using a suspended MoS2 channel floating from the substrate. Density functional theory calculations supported by optical emission spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements revealed that BCl radicals, predominantly generated by the BCl3 plasma, adsorbed on MoS2 and facilitated the uniform nucleation of ultrathin ALD-Al2O3 films. Raman and photoluminescence measurements of monolayer MoS2 and electrical measurements of a bottom-gated FET confirmed negligible damage caused by the BCl3 plasma-derived radical treatment. Finally, the successful operation of a top-gated FET with an ultrathin ALD-Al2O3 (∼5 nm) gate dielectric film was demonstrated, indicating the effectiveness of the pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Lee
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoijoon Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsik Jeong
- Division of Physics and Semiconductor Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirine Leem
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Park
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Kang
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunyoung Yeom
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoungsub Kim
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
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21
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Babu B, Pawar S, Mittal A, Kolanthai E, Neal CJ, Coathup M, Seal S. Nanotechnology enabled radioprotectants to reduce space radiation-induced reactive oxidative species. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 15:e1896. [PMID: 37190884 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Interest in space exploration has seen substantial growth following recent launch and operation of modern space technologies. In particular, the possibility of travel beyond low earth orbit is seeing sustained support. However, future deep space travel requires addressing health concerns for crews under continuous, longer-term exposure to adverse environmental conditions. Among these challenges, radiation-induced health issues are a major concern. Their potential to induce chronic illness is further potentiated by the microgravity environment. While investigations into the physiological effects of space radiation are still under investigation, studies on model ionizing radiation conditions, in earth and micro-gravity conditions, can provide needed insight into relevant processes. Substantial formation of high, sustained reactive oxygen species (ROS) evolution during radiation exposure is a clear threat to physiological health of space travelers, producing indirect damage to various cell structures and requiring therapeutic address. Radioprotection toward the skeletal system components is essential to astronaut health, due to the high radio-absorption cross-section of bone mineral and local hematopoiesis. Nanotechnology can potentially function as radioprotectant and radiomitigating agents toward ROS and direct radiation damage. Nanoparticle compositions such as gold, silver, platinum, carbon-based materials, silica, transition metal dichalcogenides, and ceria have all shown potential as viable radioprotectants to mitigate space radiation effects with nanoceria further showing the ability to protect genetic material from oxidative damage in several studies. As research into space radiation-induced health problems develops, this review intends to provide insights into the nanomaterial design to ameliorate pathological effects from ionizing radiation exposure. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Cells at the Nanoscale Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaashwin Babu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Shreya Pawar
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Agastya Mittal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Elayaraja Kolanthai
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Craig J Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
- College of Medicine, Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
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22
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Alsulami IK, Abdullahi S, Alshahrie A, Salah N. Thermoelectric and power generation of 2D structured pieces of graphene-nanodiamonds nanocomposite. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26169-26178. [PMID: 37664212 PMCID: PMC10472211 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03748g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the ultrafine 2D structured nanocomposite of graphene (Gr)-nanodiamonds (NDs) produced by a microwave-assisted chemical route was found to have attractive structural properties. This new 2D structured nanocomposite may be employed for a wide spectrum of applications including thermoelectricity (TE) applications. It is well established that TE materials should be highly effective to be used for designing operative devices for powering or cooling small devices. To fulfill such an objective, the functional TE material should possess a high-power factor and low thermal conductivity. In this study, NDs were successfully integrated into Gr with a magnificent structural alteration to the Gr layers/sheets. This structural modification was found to impact the TE final outcome above and below room temperature (RT). The obtained results showed that at 215 K the power factor value was increased from 4 μW m-1 K-2 for the pure Gr to ∼20 μW m-1 K-2 for the Gr-NDs nanocomposite. At higher T, e.g. 365 K, these values slightly decreased, but with clear superiority for the Gr-NDs nanocomposite. The thermal conductivity of the Gr-NDs nanocomposite was significantly reduced to ∼12% of that of the pure Gr, which could reflect a significant enhancement in the value of the figure of merit by >45 times. Furthermore, the output power generated by a single small leg module made of the Gr-NDs nanocomposite was measured and found to be measurable. The obtained values are still relatively low for practical application, but this newly produced material has great potential to be further developed for TE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim K Alsulami
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz Military Academy Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Shittu Abdullahi
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Gombe State University P.M.B. 127 Gombe Nigeria
| | - Ahmed Alshahrie
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Numan Salah
- K. A. CARE Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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23
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Chen Y, Lu D, Kong L, Tao Q, Ma L, Liu L, Lu Z, Li Z, Wu R, Duan X, Liao L, Liu Y. Mobility Enhancement of Strained MoS 2 Transistor on Flat Substrate. ACS NANO 2023; 17:14954-14962. [PMID: 37459447 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Strain engineering has been proposed as a promising method to boost the carrier mobility of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. However, state-of-the-art straining approaches are largely based on putting 2D semiconductors on flexible substrates or rough substrate with nanostructures (e.g., nanoparticles, nanorods, ripples), where the observed mobility change is not only dependent on channel strain but could be impacted by the change of dielectric environment as well as rough interface scattering. Therefore, it remains an open question whether the pure lattice strain could improve the carrier mobilities of 2D semiconductors, limiting the achievement of high-performance 2D transistors. Here, we report a strain engineering approach to fabricate highly strained MoS2 transistors on a flat substrate. By mechanically laminating a prefabricated MoS2 transistor onto a custom-designed trench structure on flat substrate, well-controlled strain can be uniformly generated across the 2D channel. In the meantime, the substrate and the back-gate dielectric layer remain flat without any roughness-induced scattering effect or variation of the dielectric environment. Based on this technique, we demonstrate the MoS2 electron mobility could be enhanced by tension strain and decreased by compression strain, consistent with theoretical predictions. The highest mobility enhancement is 152% for monolayer MoS2 and 64% for bilayer MoS2 transistors, comparable to that of a silicon device. Our method not only provides a compatible approach to uniformly strain the layered semiconductors on flat and solid substrate but also demonstrates an effective method to boost the carrier mobilities of 2D transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Donglin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lingan Kong
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Quanyang Tao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Likuan Ma
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Liting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zheyi Lu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xidong Duan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Two-Dimensional Materials, State Key Laboratory for Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Lei Liao
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Devices of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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24
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Pooja P, Chien CC, Chin A. Superior High Transistor's Effective Mobility of 325 cm 2/V-s by 5 nm Quasi-Two-Dimensional SnON nFET. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1892. [PMID: 37368322 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the first nanocrystalline SnON (7.6% nitrogen content) nanosheet n-type Field-Effect Transistor (nFET) with the transistor's effective mobility (µeff) as high as 357 and 325 cm2/V-s at electron density (Qe) of 5 × 1012 cm-2 and an ultra-thin body thickness (Tbody) of 7 nm and 5 nm, respectively. At the same Tbody and Qe, these µeff values are significantly higher than those of single-crystalline Si, InGaAs, thin-body Si-on-Insulator (SOI), two-dimensional (2D) MoS2 and WS2. The new discovery of a slower µeff decay rate at high Qe than that of the SiO2/bulk-Si universal curve was found, owing to a one order of magnitude lower effective field (Eeff) by more than 10 times higher dielectric constant (κ) in the channel material, which keeps the electron wave-function away from the gate-oxide/semiconductor interface and lowers the gate-oxide surface scattering. In addition, the high µeff is also due to the overlapped large radius s-orbitals, low 0.29 mo effective mass (me*) and low polar optical phonon scattering. SnON nFETs with record-breaking µeff and quasi-2D thickness enable a potential monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuit (IC) and embedded memory for 3D biological brain-mimicking structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheiroijam Pooja
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chun Che Chien
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Albert Chin
- Department of Electronics Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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25
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Jia X, Cheng Z, Han B, Cheng X, Wang Q, Ran Y, Xu W, Li Y, Gao P, Dai L. High-Performance CMOS Inverter Array with Monolithic 3D Architecture Based on CVD-Grown n-MoS 2 and p-MoTe 2. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207927. [PMID: 36748299 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, monolithic three-dimensional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) inverter array has been fabricated, based on large-scale n-MoS2 and p-MoTe2 grown by the chemical vapor deposition method. In the CMOS device, the n- and p-channel field-effect transistors (FETs) stack vertically and share the same gate electrode. High k HfO2 is used as the gate dielectric. An Al2 O3 seed layer is used to protect the MoS2 from heavily n-doping in the later-on atomic layer deposition process. P-MoTe2 FET is intentionally designed as the upper layer. Because p-doping of MoTe2 results from oxygen and water in the air, this design can guarantee a higher hole density of MoTe2 . An HfO2 capping layer is employed to further balance the transfer curves of n- and p-channel FETs and improve the performance of the inverter. The typical gain and power consumption of the CMOS devices are about 4.2 and 0.11 nW, respectively, at VDD of 1 V. The statistical results show that the CMOS array is with high device yield (60%) and an average voltage gain value of about 3.6 at VDD of 1 V. This work demonstrates the advantage of two-dimensional semi-conductive transition metal dichalcogenides in fabricating high-density integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xionghui Jia
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhixuan Cheng
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bo Han
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuqia Ran
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wanjin Xu
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yanping Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, and International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lun Dai
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Beijing, 100871, China
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26
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Yan T, Su M, Wang Z, Zhang J. Second Near-Infrared Plasmonic Nanomaterials for Photoacoustic Imaging and Photothermal Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2300539. [PMID: 37060228 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) have received increasing attention owing to their advantages of greater penetration depth and higher signal-to-noise ratio. Plasmonic nanomaterials with tunable optical properties and strong light absorption provide an alternative to dye molecules, showing great prospects for phototheranostic applications. In this review, the research progress in principally modulating the optical properties of plasmonic nanomaterials, especially affecting parameters such as size, morphology, and surface chemical modification, is introduced. The commonly used plasmonic nanomaterials in the NIR-II window, including noble metals, semiconductors, and heterostructures, are then summarized. In addition, the biomedical applications of these NIR-II plasmonic nanomaterials for PAI and PTT in phototheranostics are highlighted. Finally, the perspectives and challenges for advancing plasmonic nanomaterials for practical use and clinical translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjun Yan
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Structurally Controllable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyao Su
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Structurally Controllable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiatao Zhang
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Structurally Controllable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Medical Molecule Science and Pharmaceutics Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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27
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Jiang J, Xu L, Qiu C, Peng LM. Ballistic two-dimensional InSe transistors. Nature 2023; 616:470-475. [PMID: 36949203 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05819-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) forecasts that, for silicon-based metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistors (FETs), the scaling of the gate length will stop at 12 nm and the ultimate supply voltage will not decrease to less than 0.6 V (ref. 1). This defines the final integration density and power consumption at the end of the scaling process for silicon-based chips. In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) layered semiconductors with atom-scale thicknesses have been explored as potential channel materials to support further miniaturization and integrated electronics. However, so far, no 2D semiconductor-based FETs have exhibited performances that can surpass state-of-the-art silicon FETs. Here we report a FET with 2D indium selenide (InSe) with high thermal velocity as channel material that operates at 0.5 V and achieves record high transconductance of 6 mS μm-1 and a room-temperature ballistic ratio in the saturation region of 83%, surpassing those of any reported silicon FETs. An yttrium-doping-induced phase-transition method is developed for making ohmic contacts with InSe and the InSe FET is scaled down to 10 nm in channel length. Our InSe FETs can effectively suppress short-channel effects with a low subthreshold swing (SS) of 75 mV per decade and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 22 mV V-1. Furthermore, low contact resistance of 62 Ω μm is reliably extracted in 10-nm ballistic InSe FETs, leading to a smaller intrinsic delay and much lower energy-delay product (EDP) than the predicted silicon limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and Center for Carbon-based Electronics, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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28
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Cicirello G, Wang M, Sam QP, Hart JL, Williams NL, Yin H, Cha JJ, Wang J. Two-Dimensional Violet Phosphorus P 11: A Large Band Gap Phosphorus Allotrope. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:8218-8230. [PMID: 36996286 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel large band gap two-dimensional (2D) materials with good stability and high carrier mobility will innovate the next generation of electronics and optoelectronics. A new allotrope of 2D violet phosphorus P11 was synthesized via a salt flux method in the presence of bismuth. Millimeter-sized crystals of violet-P11 were collected after removing the salt flux with DI water. From single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the crystal structure of violet-P11 was determined to be in the monoclinic space group C2/c (no. 15) with unit cell parameters of a = 9.166(6) Å, b = 9.121(6) Å, c = 21.803(14)Å, β = 97.638(17)°, and a unit cell volume of 1807(2) Å3. The structure differences between violet-P11, violet-P21, and fibrous-P21 are discussed. The violet-P11 crystals can be mechanically exfoliated down to a few layers (∼6 nm). Photoluminescence and Raman measurements reveal the thickness-dependent nature of violet-P11, and exfoliated violet-P11 flakes were stable in ambient air for at least 1 h, exhibiting moderate ambient stability. The bulk violet-P11 crystals exhibit excellent stability, being stable in ambient air for many days. The optical band gap of violet-P11 bulk crystals is 2.0(1) eV measured by UV-Vis and electron energy-loss spectroscopy measurements, in agreement with density functional theory calculations which predict that violet-P11 is a direct band gap semiconductor with band gaps of 1.8 and 1.9 eV for bulk and monolayer, respectively, and with a high carrier mobility. This band gap is the largest among the known single-element 2D layered bulk crystals and thus attractive for various optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Cicirello
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
| | - Mengjing Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Quynh P Sam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - James L Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Natalie L Williams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Huabing Yin
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, Joint Center for Theoretical Physics, and International Joint Research Laboratory of New Energy Materials and Devices of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Judy J Cha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, United States
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29
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Fu J, Wang J, He X, Ming J, Wang L, Wang Y, Shao H, Zheng C, Xie L, Ling H. Pseudo-transistors for emerging neuromorphic electronics. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2023; 24:2180286. [PMID: 36970452 PMCID: PMC10035954 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2023.2180286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synaptic devices are the cornerstone of neuromorphic electronics. The development of new artificial synaptic devices and the simulation of biological synaptic computational functions are important tasks in the field of neuromorphic electronics. Although two-terminal memristors and three-terminal synaptic transistors have exhibited significant capabilities in the artificial synapse, more stable devices and simpler integration are needed in practical applications. Combining the configuration advantages of memristors and transistors, a novel pseudo-transistor is proposed. Here, recent advances in the development of pseudo-transistor-based neuromorphic electronics in recent years are reviewed. The working mechanisms, device structures and materials of three typical pseudo-transistors, including tunneling random access memory (TRAM), memflash and memtransistor, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the future development and challenges in this field are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyu Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - He Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
| | - Linghai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Haifeng Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
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30
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Zhang G, Lu G, Li X, Mei Z, Liang L, Fan S, Li Q, Wei Y. Reconfigurable Two-Dimensional Air-Gap Barristors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4564-4573. [PMID: 36847653 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reconfigurable logic circuits implemented by two-dimensional (2D) ambipolar semiconductors provide a prospective solution for the post-Moore era. It is still a challenge for ambipolar nanomaterials to realize reconfigurable polarity control and rectification with a simplified device structure. Here, an air-gap barristor based on an asymmetric stacking sequence of the electrode contacts was developed to resolve these issues. For the 2D ambipolar channel of WSe2, the barristor can not only be reconfigured as an n- or p-type unipolar transistor but also work as a switchable diode. The air gap around the bottom electrode dominates the reconfigurable behaviors by widening the Schottky barrier here, thus blocking the injection of both electrons and holes. The electrical performances can be improved by optimizing the electrode materials, which achieve an on/off ratio of 104 for the transistor and a rectifying ratio of 105 for the diode. A complementary inverter and a switchable AND/OR logic gate were constructed by using the air-gap barristors as building blocks. This work provides an efficient approach with great potential for low-dimensional reconfigurable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Gaotian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shoushan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qunqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics and Tsinghua-Foxconn Nanotechnology Research Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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31
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Munawar M, Idrees M, Alrebdi TA, Amin B. Revealing the electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of PN-M 2CO 2 (P = Al, Ga; M = Ti, Zr, Hf) heterostructures. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:1405-1415. [PMID: 36866260 PMCID: PMC9972871 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00017f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Using DFT, the electronic structure, optical, and photocatalytic properties of PN (P = Ga, Al) and M2CO2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) monolayers and their PN-M2CO2 van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) are investigated. Optimized lattice parameters, bond length, bandgap, conduction and valence band edges show the potential of PN (P = Ga, Al) and M2CO2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) monolayers in photocatalytic applications, and the application of the present approach to combine these monolayers and form vdWHs for efficient electronic, optoelectronic and photocatalytic applications is shown. Based on the same hexagonal symmetry and experimentally achievable lattice mismatch of PN (P = Ga, Al) with M2CO2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) monolayers, we have fabricated PN-M2CO2 vdWHs. Binding energies, interlayer distance and AIMD calculations show the stability of PN-M2CO2 vdWHs and demonstrate that these materials can be easily fabricated experimentally. The calculated electronic band structures show that all the PN-M2CO2 vdWHs are indirect bandgap semiconductors. Type-II[-I] band alignment is obtained for GaN(AlN)-Ti2CO2[GaN(AlN)-Zr2CO2 and GaN(AlN)-Hf2CO2] vdWHs. PN-Ti2CO2 (PN-Zr2CO2) vdWHs with a PN(Zr2CO2) monolayer have greater potential than a Ti2CO2(PN) monolayer, indicating that charge is transfer from the Ti2CO2(PN) to PN(Zr2CO2) monolayer, while the potential drop separates charge carriers (electron and holes) at the interface. The work function and effective mass of the carriers of PN-M2CO2 vdWHs are also calculated and presented. A red (blue) shift is observed in the position of excitonic peaks from AlN to GaN in PN-Ti2CO2 and PN-Hf2CO2 (PN-Zr2CO2) vdWHs, while significant absorption for photon energies above 2 eV for AlN-Zr2CO2, GaN-Ti2CO2 and PN-Hf2CO2, give them good optical profiles. The calculated photocatalytic properties demonstrate that PN-M2CO2 (P = Al, Ga; M = Ti, Zr, Hf) vdWHs are the best candidates for photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Munawar
- Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Abbottabad 22010 Pakistan
| | - M Idrees
- Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Abbottabad 22010 Pakistan
| | - Tahani A Alrebdi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh 11671 Saudi Arabia
| | - B Amin
- Department of Physics, Abbottabad University of Science & Technology Abbottabad 22010 Pakistan
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32
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Zeng H, Zhang TC, Bao HG, Zhao J, Ding DZ. Influences of point defects on electron transport of two-dimensional gep semiconductor device. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:185204. [PMID: 36724503 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb7fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The quantum transport properties of defective two-dimensional (2D) GeP semiconductor nanodevice consisting of typical point defects, such as antisite defect, substitutional defect, and Schottky defect, have been studied by using density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green's function calculation. The antisite defect has indistinctive influences on electron transport. However, both substitutional and Schottky defect have introduced promising defect state at the Fermi level, indicating the possibility of improvement on the carrier transport. Our quantitative quantum transport calculations ofI-Vbbehavior have revealed that the electrical characters are enhanced. Moreover, the P atom vacancy could induce significant negative differential resistance phenomenon, and the physical mechanism is unveiled by detailed analysis. The transfer characteristic properties could be prominently improved by substitutional defect and vacancy defect. Most importantly, we have proposed a computational design of GeP-based electronic device with improved electrical performance by introducing vacancy defect. Our findings could be helpful to the practical application of novel 2D GeP semiconductor nanodevice in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zeng
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Cheng Zhang
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Guang Bao
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Province & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Zhi Ding
- School of Electronic and Optical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, People's Republic of China
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33
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Liang BW, Li MF, Lin HY, Li KS, Chen JH, Shieh JM, Wu CT, Simbulan KB, Su CY, Kuan CH, Lan YW. Dual-mode frequency multiplier in graphene-base hot electron transistor. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2586-2594. [PMID: 36691938 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06285b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Since quantum computers have been gradually introduced in countries around the world, the development of the many related quantum components that can operate independently of temperature has become more important for enabling mature products with low power dissipation and high efficiency. As an alternative to studying cryo-CMOSs (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors) to achieve this goal, quantum tunneling devices based on 2D materials can be examined instead. In this work, a vertical graphene-based quantum tunneling transistor has been used as a frequency modulator. The transistor can operate via different quantum tunneling mechanisms and generates, by applying the appropriate bias, voltage-resistance curves characteristic of variable nonlinear resistance for both base and emitter voltages. We experimentally demonstrate frequency modulation from input signals over the range of 100 kHz to 10 MHz, enabling a tunable frequency doubler or tripler in just a single transistor. This frequency multiplication with a tunneling mechanism makes the graphene-based tunneling device a promising option for frequency electronics in the emerging field of quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Wei Liang
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Min-Fang Li
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yu Lin
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Shin Li
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Hong Chen
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Min Shieh
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ting Wu
- Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 30078, Taiwan
| | - Kristan Bryan Simbulan
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Santo Tomas, Manila 1008, Philippines
| | - Ching-Yuan Su
- Graduate Institute of Energy Engineering, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Rd., Jhongli, Taoyuan, 320317, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Hsiung Kuan
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yann-Wen Lan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
- Advanced Materials and Green Energy Research Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan.
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34
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Li Y, Shang X, Zhou YH, Zheng X. Realizing pure spin current by the photogalvanic effect in armchair graphene nanoribbons with nano-constriction engineering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2890-2896. [PMID: 36633089 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05353e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We propose nano-constriction engineering of armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) to construct photoelectric nanodevices aiming to generate pure spin currents through the photogalvanic effect (PGE) using first-principles calculations. Two devices with different symmetries were designed, one by introducing only one isosceles zigzag triangle defect on the lower edge of the central region ('D1') and the other by two symmetrically distributed isosceles zigzag triangle defects on the two edges ('D2'). The results show that pure spin current without accompanying charge current can be generated in both junctions, but with a big difference that pure spin current can be generated only at special polarization angles θ = 0°, 90° and 180° in device D1, while it can be generated at any polarization angle in D2. The robustness in D2 is attributed to the spatial inversion symmetry in geometry and the inversion antisymmetry of spin density. These findings suggest that local magnetism engineering provides a reliable method for generating robust pure spin currents with the PGE in nonmagnetic systems, especially opening up new possibilities for the application of AGNRs in spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Li
- College of Science, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China. .,College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. .,Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xiaofei Shang
- College of Science, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Yan-Hong Zhou
- College of Science, East China Jiao Tong University, Nanchang 330013, China.
| | - Xiaohong Zheng
- College of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. .,Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
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35
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Saggu IS, Singh S, Chen K, Xuan Z, Swihart MT, Sharma S. Ultrasensitive Room-Temperature NO 2 Detection Using SnS 2/MWCNT Composites and Accelerated Recovery Kinetics by UV Activation. ACS Sens 2023; 8:243-253. [PMID: 36647806 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
High performance with lower power consumption is one among the essential features of a sensing device. Minute traces of hazardous gases such as NO2 are difficult to detect. Tin disulfide (SnS2) nanosheets have emerged as a promising NO2 sensor. However, their poor room-temperature conductivity gives rise to inferior sensitivity and sluggish recovery rates, thereby hindering their applications. To mitigate this problem, we present a low-cost ultrasensitive NO2 gas sensor with tin disulfide/multiwalled carbon nanotube (SnS2/MWCNT) nanocomposites, prepared using a single-step hydrothermal method, as sensing elements. Relative to pure SnS2, the conductivity of nanocomposites improved significantly. The sensor displayed a decrease in resistance when exposed to NO2, an oxidizing gas, and exhibited p-type conduction, also confirmed in separate Mott-Schottky measurements. At a temperature of 20 °C, the sensor device has a relative response of about ≈5% (3%) for 25 ppb (1 ppb) of NO2 with complete recovery in air (10 min) and excellent recovery rates with UV activation (0.3 min). A theoretical lower limit of detection (LOD) of 7 ppt implies greater sensitivity than all previously reported SnS2-based gas sensors, to the best of our knowledge. The improved sensing characteristics were attributed to the formation of nano p-n heterojunctions, which enhances the charge transport and gives rise to faster response. The composite sensor also demonstrated good NO2 selectivity against a variety of oxidizing and reducing gases, as well as excellent stability and long-term durability. This work will provide a fresh perspective on SnS2-based composite materials for practical gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtej Singh Saggu
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab143005, India
| | - Sukhwinder Singh
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab143005, India
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Zhengxi Xuan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Mark T Swihart
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, New York14260, United States
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab143005, India
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36
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Tunability of the Superconductivity of NbSe 2 Films Grown by Two-Step Vapor Deposition. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031059. [PMID: 36770735 PMCID: PMC9921890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Layered metallic transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are ideal platforms for exploring their fascinating electronic properties at two-dimensional limits, such as their charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Therefore, developing ways to improve the crystallization quality of TMDCs is urgently needed. Here we report superconductively tunable NbSe2 grown by a two-step vapor deposition method. By optimizing the sputtering conditions, superconducting NbSe2 films were prepared from highly crystalline Nb films. The bilayer NbSe2 films showed a superconducting transition temperature that was up to 3.1 K. Similar to the salt-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, superconducting monolayer NbSe2 crystals were also grown from a selenide precursor, and the growth strategy is suitable for many other TMDCs. Our growth method not only provides a way to improve the crystalline quality of TMDC films, but also gives new insight into the growth of monolayer TMDCs. It holds promise for exploring two-dimensional TMDCs in fundamental research and device applications.
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37
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Chu F, Zhou W, Zhou R, Li S, Liu D, Zheng Z, Li J, Zhang Y. Strain-Tunable Electronic and Transport Properties of One-Dimensional Fibrous Phosphorus Nanotubes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:10778-10785. [PMID: 36374552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The one-dimensional van der Waals (1D vdW) material fibrous red phosphorus (FRP) nanotubes are a promising direct-bandgap semiconductor with high carrier mobility and anisotropic optical responses because of low deformation potential and dangling-bond-free anisotropic interface. Employing first-principles calculations, we captured the potential of 1D FRP nanotubes. The thermal stability of 1D FRP nanotubes was confirmed by phonon calculation. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy indicated the strong vibration mode (366 cm-1) is along the phosphorus nanotube. Interestingly, spatial anisotropy bandgaps were found along with various stacking orientations. The charge transport calculations showed that the 1D FRP nanotube has a high hole mobility (499.2 cm2 V-1 s-1), considering the weak acoustic phonon scattering. More importantly, we found that the hole mobility changes dramatically (down to 7.1 cm2 V-1 s-1) under the strain, and the strain-dependent charge transport property of 1D FRP nanotubes could be considered to have many potential applications for electronics, optoelectronics, and switching devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feihong Chu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Wencai Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Rongkun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Songyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Danmin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Zilong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
| | - Yongzhe Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Information Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing100124, China
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38
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Zhou X, Liang Y, Fu H, Zhu R, Wang J, Cong X, Tan C, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Gao P, Peng H. Step-Climbing Epitaxy of Layered Materials with Giant Out-of-Plane Lattice Mismatch. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202754. [PMID: 35906188 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Heteroepitaxy with large lattice mismatch remains a great challenge for high-quality epifilm growth. Although great efforts have been devoted to epifilm growth with an in-plane lattice mismatch, the epitaxy of 2D layered crystals on stepped substrates with a giant out-of-plane lattice mismatch is seldom reported. Here, taking the molecular-beam epitaxy of 2D semiconducting Bi2 O2 Se on 3D SrTiO3 substrates as an example, a step-climbing epitaxy growth strategy is proposed, in which the n-th (n = 1, 2, 3…) epilayer climbs the step with height difference from out-of-plane lattice mismatch and continues to grow the n+1-th epilayer. Step-climbing epitaxy can spontaneously relax and release the strain from the out-of-plane lattice mismatch, which ensures the high quality of large-area epitaxial films. Wafer-scale uniform 2D Bi2 O2 Se single-crystal films with controllable thickness can be obtained via step-climbing epitaxy. Most notably, one-unit-cell Bi2 O2 Se films (1.2 nm thick) exhibit a high Hall mobility of 180 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature, which exceeds that of silicon and other 2D semiconductors with comparable thickness. As an out-of-plane lattice mismatch is generally present in the epitaxy of layered materials, the step-climbing epitaxy strategy expands the existing epitaxial growth theory and provides guidance toward the high-quality synthesis of layered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehan Zhou
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huixia Fu
- Center of Quantum Materials and Devices, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China
| | - Ruixue Zhu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Jingyue Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuzhong Cong
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Congwei Tan
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Yani Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Qijia Xu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Centre for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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39
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Wei T, Han Z, Zhong X, Xiao Q, Liu T, Xiang D. Two dimensional semiconducting materials for ultimately scaled transistors. iScience 2022; 25:105160. [PMID: 36204270 PMCID: PMC9529977 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two dimensional (2D) semiconductors have been established as promising candidates to break through the short channel effect that existed in Si metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistor (MOSFET), owing to their unique atomically layered structure and dangling-bond-free surface. The last decade has witnessed the significant progress in the size scaling of 2D transistors by various approaches, in which the physical gate length of the transistors has shrank from micrometer to sub-one nanometer with superior performance, illustrating their potential as a replacement technology for Si MOSFETs. Here, we review state-of-the-art techniques to achieve ultra-scaled 2D transistors with novel configurations through the scaling of channel, gate, and contact length. We provide comprehensive views of the merits and drawbacks of the ultra-scaled 2D transistors by summarizing the relevant fabrication processes with the corresponding critical parameters achieved. Finally, we identify the key opportunities and challenges for integrating ultra-scaled 2D transistors in the next-generation heterogeneous circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Wei
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zichao Han
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zhong
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Xiao
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
| | - Du Xiang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Centre, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People’s Republic of China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200232, People’s Republic of China
- Corresponding author
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40
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Song S, Yang JH, Gong XG. Abnormally weak intervalley electron scattering in MoS 2 monolayer: insights from the matching between electron and phonon bands. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12007-12012. [PMID: 35938301 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02697j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
It is known that carrier mobility in layered semiconductors generally increases from two-dimensions (2D) to three-dimensions due to fewer scattering channels resulting from decreased densities of electron and phonon states. In this work, we find an abnormal decrease of electron mobility from monolayer to bulk MoS2. By carefully analyzing the scattering mechanisms, we can attribute such abnormality to the stronger intravalley scattering in the monolayer but weaker intervalley scattering caused by few intervalley scattering channels and weaker corresponding electron-phonon couplings compared to the bulk case. We show that it is the matching between the electronic band structure and phonon spectrum rather than their densities of electronic and phonon states that determines scattering channels. We propose, for the first time, the phonon-energy-resolved matching function to identify the intra- and inter-valley scattering channels. Furthermore, we show that multiple valleys do not necessarily lead to strong intervalley scattering if: (1) the scattering channels, which can be explicitly captured by the distribution of the matching function, are few due to the small matching between the corresponding electron and phonon bands; and/or (2) the multiple valleys are far apart in the reciprocal space and composed of out-of-plane orbitals so that the corresponding electron-phonon coupling strengths are weak. Consequently, the searching scope of high-mobility 2D materials can be reasonably enlarged using the matching function as useful guidance with the help of band edge orbital analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiru Song
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ji-Hui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200230, China
| | - Xin-Gao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences (Ministry of Education), Institute of Computational Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai 200230, China
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41
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A study of 2H and 1T phases of Janus monolayers and their van der Waals heterostructure with black phosphorene for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Patra A, Samal R, Rout CS. Promising Water Splitting Applications of Synergistically Assembled Robust Orthorhombic CoSe2 and 2D Ti3C2Tx MXene Hybrids. Catal Today 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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43
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Yang L, Lin Y, Tian Y, Ni Q, Wang S, Ju H, Guo J, Lu G. Gold Nanostar@Polyaniline Theranostic Agent with High Photothermal Conversion Efficiency for Photoacoustic Imaging-Guided Anticancer Phototherapy at a Low Dosage. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:28570-28580. [PMID: 35726862 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to the strong and tunable photothermal effect, metallic nanoparticles are of enormous interest in light-activated biomedical applications, such as photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and photothermal therapy (PTT). However, the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of existing metallic photothermal agents is still unsatisfactory. Herein, we develop an efficient photothermal theranostic agent based on a gold nanostar@polyaniline core-shell nanocomposite with high PCE for PAI-guided PTT at a low dosage. After optimizing the relative composition of polyaniline (PANI) and gold nanostars (AuNSs), this nanocomposite eventually empowers an outstanding PCE of up to 78.6%, which is much better than AuNSs or PANI alone and most of the existing photothermal theranostic agents. Besides, the nanocomposite can act as a targeted probe for tumors by hyaluronic acid (HA) modification without compromising the photothermal performance. The obtained nanoprobes named AuNSPHs exhibit promising biocompatibility and great performance of PAI-guided PTT to treat triple-negative breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, a single injection of AuNSPHs significantly suppresses tumor growth with a low dosage of Au (0.095 mg/kg), which is attributed to the high PCE of AuNSPHs. Taking advantage of the exhilarating photothermal conversion ability, this theranostic agent can safely potentiate the antitumor therapeutic efficacy of laser-induced ablation and holds great potential for future medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Yuanjiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Ni
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
| | - Shouju Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, P. R. China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jingxing Guo
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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44
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Rahaman M, Zahn DRT. Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of two-dimensional semiconductors. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:333001. [PMID: 35671747 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac7689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors have grown fast into an extraordinary research field due to their unique physical properties compared to other semiconducting materials. The class of materials proved extremely fertile for both fundamental studies and a wide range of applications from electronics/spintronics/optoelectronics to photocatalysis and CO2reduction. 2D materials are highly confined in the out-of-plane direction and often possess very good environmental stability. Therefore, they have also become a popular material system for the manipulation of optoelectronic properties via numerous external parameters. Being a versatile characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy is used extensively to study and characterize various physical properties of 2D materials. However, weak signals and low spatial resolution hinder its application in more advanced systems where decoding local information plays an important role in advancing our understanding of these materials for nanotechnology applications. In this regard, plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been introduced in recent time to investigate local heterogeneous information of 2D semiconductors. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of 2D semiconductors. We discuss the current state-of-art and provide future perspectives on this specific branch of Raman spectroscopy applied to 2D semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfujur Rahaman
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, 19104 Pennsilvania, United States of America
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
- Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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45
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Bioactive 2D nanomaterials for neural repair and regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114379. [PMID: 35667464 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials have provided promising strategies towards improving the functions of injured tissues of the nervous system. Recently, 2D nanomaterials, such as graphene, layered double hydroxides (LDHs), and black phosphorous, which are characterized by ultrathin film structures, have attracted much attention in the fields of neural repair and regeneration. 2D nanomaterials have extraordinary physicochemical properties and excellent biological activities, such as a large surface-area-to-thickness ratio, high levels of adhesion, and adjustable flexibility. In addition, they can be designed to have superior biocompatibility and electrical or nano-carrier properties. To date, many 2D nanomaterials have been used for synaptic modulation, neuroinflammatory reduction, stem cell fate regulation, and injured neural cell/tissue repair. In this review, we discuss the advances in 2D nanomaterial technology towards novel neurological applications and the mechanisms underlying their unique features. In addition, the future outlook of functional 2D nanomaterials towards addressing the difficult issues of neuropathy has been explored to introduce a promising strategy towards repairing and regenerating the injured nervous system.
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46
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Tan C, Jiang J, Wang J, Yu M, Tu T, Gao X, Tang J, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Zheng L, Qiu C, Peng H. Strain-Free Layered Semiconductors for 2D Transistors with On-State Current Density Exceeding 1.3 mA μm -1. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:3770-3776. [PMID: 35467885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-mobility and air-stable two-dimensional (2D) Bi2O2Se semiconductor holds promise as an alternative fast channel material for next-generation transistors. However, one of the key challenges remaining in 2D Bi2O2Se is to prepare high-quality crystals to fabricate the high-performance transistors with a high on-state current density. Here, we present the free-standing growth of strain-free 2D Bi2O2Se crystals. An ultrahigh Hall mobility of 160 000 cm2 V-1 s-1 is measured in strain-free Bi2O2Se crystals at 2 K, which enables the observation of Shubnikov-de Haas quantum oscillations and shows substantially higher (>4 times) mobility over previous in-plane 2D crystals. The fabricated 2D transistors feature an on-off current ratio of ∼106 and a record-high on-state current density of ∼1.33 mA μm-1, which is comparable to that of commercial Si and Ge n-type field-effect transistors (FETs) for similar channel length. Strain-free 2D Bi2O2Se provides a promising material platform for studying novel quantum phenomena and exploration of high-performance low-power electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congwei Tan
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingyue Wang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengshi Yu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Teng Tu
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyin Gao
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Division of G-Device Technology, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Junchuan Tang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuehan Zhou
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liming Zheng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Division of G-Device Technology, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
| | - Chenguang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices and School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hailin Peng
- Center for Nanochemistry, Beijing Science and Engineering Center for Nanocarbons, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Division of G-Device Technology, Beijing Graphene Institute, Beijing 100095, China
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47
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Yang W, Xin K, Yang J, Xu Q, Shan C, Wei Z. 2D Ultrawide Bandgap Semiconductors: Odyssey and Challenges. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2101348. [PMID: 35277948 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
2D ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors have aroused increasing interest in the field of high-power transparent electronic devices, deep-ultraviolet photodetectors, flexible electronic skins, and energy-efficient displays, owing to their intriguing physical properties. Compared with dominant narrow bandgap semiconductor material families, 2D UWBG semiconductors are less investigated but stand out because of their propensity for high optical transparency, tunable electrical conductivity, high mobility, and ultrahigh gate dielectrics. At the current stage of research, the most intensively investigated 2D UWBG semiconductors are metal oxides, metal chalcogenides, metal halides, and metal nitrides. This paper provides an up-to-date review of recent research progress on new 2D UWBG semiconductor materials and novel physical properties. The widespread applications, i.e., transistors, photodetector, touch screen, and inverter are summarized, which employ 2D UWBG semiconductors as either a passive or active layer. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities of the enticing class of 2D UWBG semiconductors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Kaiyao Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Juehan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chongxin Shan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key laboratory of Materials Physics, Ministry of Education, and School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
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48
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Lee QY, Chou CJ, Lee MX, Lee YC. Detecting the Knowledge Domains of Compound Semiconductors. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13030476. [PMID: 35334767 PMCID: PMC8954707 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of compound semiconductors (CS) has received extensive attention worldwide. This study aimed to detect and visualize CS knowledge domains for quantifying CS research patterns and emerging trends through a scientometric review based on the literature between 2011 and 2020 by using CiteSpace. The combined dataset of 24,622 bibliographic records were collected through topic searches and citation expansion to ensure adequate coverage of the field. While research in “solar cell” and “perovskite tandem” appears to be the two most distinctive knowledge domains in the CS field, research related to thermoelectric materials has grown at a respectable pace. Most notably, the deep connections between “thermoelectric material” and “III-Sb nanowire (NW)” research have been demonstrated. A rapid adaptation of black phosphorus (BP) field-effect transistors (FETs) and gallium nitride (GaN) transistors in the CS field is also apparent. Innovative strategies have focused on the opto-electronics with engineered functionalities, the design, synthesis and fabrication of perovskite tandem solar cells, the growing techniques of Sb-based III–V NWs, and the thermal conductivity of boron arsenide (BAs). This study revealed how the development trends and research areas in the CS field advance over time, which greatly help us to realize its knowledge domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Yo Lee
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan;
| | - Chiyang James Chou
- Master Program in Entrepreneurial Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, No. 123, University Rd., Section 3, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-920181812
| | - Ming-Xuan Lee
- Graduate Institute of Electronics Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Yen-Chun Lee
- Institute of Management of Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu City 300, Taiwan;
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49
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Li S, Chen Z, Wang Z, Weng M, Li J, Zhang M, Lu J, Xu K, Pan F. Graph-based discovery and analysis of atomic-scale one-dimensional materials. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 9:nwac028. [PMID: 35677223 PMCID: PMC9170357 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have witnessed an exponential growth in the discovery of low-dimensional materials (LDMs), benefiting from our unprecedented capabilities in characterizing their structure and chemistry with the aid of advanced computational techniques. Recently, the success of two-dimensional compounds has encouraged extensive research into one-dimensional (1D) atomic chains. Here, we present a methodology for topological classification of structural blocks in bulk crystals based on graph theory, leading to the identification of exfoliable 1D atomic chains and their categorization into a variety of chemical families. A subtle interplay is revealed between the prototypical 1D structural motifs and their chemical space. Leveraging the structure graphs, we elucidate the self-passivation mechanism of 1D compounds imparted by lone electron pairs, and reveal the dependence of the electronic band gap on the cationic percolation network formed by connections between structure units. This graph-theory-based formalism could serve as a source of stimuli for the future design of LDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunning Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Zhefeng Chen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Mouyi Weng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jianyuan Li
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Mingzheng Zhang
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Jing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Physics and Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Kang Xu
- Electrochemistry Branch, Sensor and Electron Devices Directorate, Power and Energy Division, US Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA
| | - Feng Pan
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University, Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen518055, China
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50
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Xiang D, Cao Y, Wang K, Han Z, Liu T, Chen W. Artificially created interfacial states enabled van der Waals heterostructure memory device. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:175201. [PMID: 35026752 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4b2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) interface plays a predominate role in determining the performance of a device that is configured as a van der Waals heterostructure (vdWH). Intensive efforts have been devoted to suppressing the emergence of interfacial states during vdWH stacking process, which facilitates the charge interaction and transfer between the heterostructure layers. However, the effective generation and modulation of the vdWH interfacial states could give rise to a new design and architecture of 2D functional devices. Here, we report a 2D non-volatile vdWH memory device enabled by the artificially created interfacial states between hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2). The memory originates from the microscopically coupled optical and electrical responses of the vdWH, with the high reliability reflected by its long data retention time over 104s and large write-erase cyclic number exceeding 100. Moreover, the storage currents in the memory can be precisely controlled by the writing and erasing gates, demonstrating the tunability of its storage states. The vdWH memory also exhibits excellent robustness with wide temperature endurance window from 100 K to 380 K, illustrating its potential application in harsh environment. Our findings promise interfacial-states engineering as a powerful approach to realize high performance vdWH memory device, which opens up new opportunities for its application in 2D electronics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Xiang
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cao
- Frontier Institute of Chip and System, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wang
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Zichao Han
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Liu
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, 377 Lin Quan Street, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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