Vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films in biological applications

Recent developments in ureteral stent: Substrate material, coating polymer and technology, therapeutic function

The ureteral stent is an effective treatment for clinical ureteral stricture following urological surgery, and the functional coating of the stent could effectively inhibit bacterial colonization and other complications. The present review provides an analysis and description of the materials used in ureteral stents and their coatings. Emphasis is placed on the technological advancements of functional coatings, taking into consideration the characteristics of these materials and the properties of their active substances. Furthermore, recent advances in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of functional coatings are also reviewed. It is anticipated that this article will serve as a valuable reference providing insights for future research development on new drug-loaded ureteral stents.

Optical characterization and dispersion analyses of plasma polymerized methyl acrylate thin films

This work reports the structural characteristics, surface morphology, linear and nonlinear optical properties of 110 to 225 nm thick plasma polymerized methyl acrylate (PPMA) thin films. X-ray diffraction analyses confirm the amorphous nature of the films. Field emission scanning electron micrographs of the films display cluster-based surface morphology. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the chemical structural changes in the films. The optical properties were studied based on the absorbance, transmittance, and reflectance spectra measured by an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer within the wavelength ranges from 200 to 800 nm. The direct optical band gap and Urbach values are increased from 3.66 to 3.83 eV and 0.28 to 0.45 eV, respectively with increasing film thickness. The extinction coefficient and refractive index were evaluated, and discussed a correlation between the refractive index and the optical bandgap. The real and imaginary dielectric constants, volume/surface energy loss functions and skin depth were deduced. The oscillator energies and parameters were analyzed using the concept of Wemple-DiDomenico and Sellmeier models, respectively for a single oscillator. Static linear refractive index for the studied films exhibits normal dispersion behavior with film thicknesses and satisfied Moss, Ravindra-Gupta, and Herve-Vandamme rules. The linear susceptibility, third-order nonlinear susceptibility and the non-linear refractive index are considerably reduced from 0.20, 29.5 × 10-14 esu, and 5.89 × 10-12 esu with increasing optical band gap energies. The outcomes from the analyses of PPMA demonstrated their potential for usage in electronic, optoelectronic, and non-linear device applications.

On-Demand Bioactivation of Inert Materials With Plasma-Polymerized Nanoparticles

Conventional gas plasma treatments are crucial for functionalizing materials in biomedical applications, but have limitations hindering their broader use. These methods require exposure to reactive media under vacuum conditions, rendering them unsuitable for substrates that demand aqueous environments, such as proteins and hydrogels. In addition, complex geometries are difficult to treat, necessitating extensive customization for each material and shape. To address these constraints, an innovative approach employing plasma polymer nanoparticles (PPN) as a versatile functionalization tool is proposed. PPN share similarities with traditional plasma polymer coatings (PPC) but offer unique advantages: compatibility with aqueous systems, the ability to modify complex geometries, and availability as off-the-shelf products. Robust immobilization of PPN on various substrates, including synthetic polymers, proteins, and complex hydrogel structures is demonstrated in this study. This results in substantial improvements in surface hydrophilicity. Materials functionalization with arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD)-loaded PPN significantly enhances cell attachment, spreading, and substrate coverage on inert scaffolds compared to passive RGD coatings. Improved adhesion to complex geometries and subsequent differentiation following growth factor exposure is also demonstrated. This research introduces a novel substrate functionalization approach that mimics the outcomes of plasma coating technology but vastly expands its applicability, promising advancements in biomedical materials and devices.

Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

Due to limitations of biological and alloplastic grafts, regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising alternative to treat bone defects. Bioactive polymeric scaffolds are an integral part of such an approach. Bioactivity importantly induces hydroxyapatite mineralization that promotes osteoinductivity and osseointegration with surrounding bone tissue. Strategies to confer bioactivity to polymeric scaffolds utilize bioceramic fillers, coatings and surface treatments, and additives. These approaches can also favorably impact mechanical and degradation properties. A variety of fabrication methods are utilized to prepare scaffolds with requisite morphological features. The bioactivity of scaffolds may be evaluated with a broad set of techniques, including in vitro (acellular and cellular) and in vivo methods. Herein, we highlight contemporary and emerging approaches to prepare and assess scaffold bioactivity, as well as existing challenges.

Adaptive Ion Channels Formed in Ultrathin and Semicrystalline Polymer Interphases for Stable Aqueous Batteries

Aqueous Zn batteries have recently emerged as promising candidates for large-scale energy storage, driven by the need for a safe and cost-effective technology with sufficient energy density and readily accessible electrode materials. However, the energy density and cycle life of Zn batteries have been limited by inherent chemical, morphological, and mechanical instabilities at the electrode-electrolyte interface where uncontrolled reactions occur. To suppress the uncontrolled reactions, we designed a crystalline polymer interphase for both electrodes, which simultaneously promotes electrode reversibility via fast and selective Zn transport through the adaptive formation of ion channels. The interphase comprises an ultrathin layer of crystalline poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl acrylate), synthesized and applied as a conformal coating in a single step using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD). Crystallinity is optimized to improve interphase stability and Zn-ion transport. The optimized interphase enables a cycle life of 9500 for Zn symmetric cells and over 11,000 for Zn-MnO2 full-cell batteries. We further demonstrate the generalizability of this interphase design using Cu and Li as examples, improving their stability and achieving reversible cycling in both. The iCVD method and molecular design unlock the potential of highly reversible and cost-effective aqueous batteries using earth-abundant Zn anode materials, pointing to grid-scale energy storage.

Nanoscale surface coatings and topographies for neural interfaces

With the lack of minimally invasive tools for probing neuronal systems across spatiotemporal scales, understanding the working mechanism of the nervous system and limited assessments available are imperative to prevent or treat neurological disorders. In particular, nanoengineered neural interfaces can provide a solution to this technological barrier. This review covers recent surface engineering approaches, including nanoscale surface coatings, and a range of topographies from the microscale to the nanoscale, primarily focusing on neural-interfaced biosystems. Specifically, the immobilization of bioactive molecules to fertilize the neural cell lineage, topographical engineering to induce mechanotransduction in neural cells, and enhanced cell-chip coupling using three-dimensional structured surfaces are highlighted. Advances in neural interface design will help us understand the nervous system, thereby achieving the effective treatments for neurological disorders. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: • This review focuses on designing bioactive neural interface with a nanoscale chemical modification and topographical engineering at multiscale perspective. • Versatile nanoscale surface coatings and topographies for neural interface are summarized. • Recent advances in bioactive materials applicable for neural cell culture, electrophysiological sensing, and neural implants are reviewed.

Novel Deposition Method of Crosslinked Polyethylene Thin Film for Low-Refractive-Index Mid-Infrared Optical Coatings

Mid-infrared optics require optical coatings composed of high- and low-refractive-index dielectric layers for the design of optical mirrors, filters, and anti-reflection coatings. However, there are not many technologies for depositing a material with a refractive index of less than 2 and a low loss in the mid-infrared region. Here, we present a unique deposition method of crosslinked polyethylene thin film for mid-IR optical filter design. Polyethylene has a refractive index of 1.52 in the mid-infrared region and a small number of absorption peaks, so it is useful for making optical filters in the mid-infrared region. Only 1 keV of energy is required to crosslink the entire film by irradiating an electron beam while depositing polyethylene. In addition, crosslinked polyethylene thin film has high mechanical strength, so there is no cracking or peeling when used with germanium. This allows for the use of crosslinked polyethylene as a low refractive index for mid-infrared optical coating.

Organic Electronics in Biosensing: A Promising Frontier for Medical and Environmental Applications

The promising field of organic electronics has ushered in a new era of biosensing technology, thus offering a promising frontier for applications in both medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of organic electronics' remarkable progress and potential in biosensing applications. It explores the multifaceted aspects of organic materials and devices, thereby highlighting their unique advantages, such as flexibility, biocompatibility, and low-cost fabrication. The paper delves into the diverse range of biosensors enabled by organic electronics, including electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, and thermal sensors, thus showcasing their versatility in detecting biomolecules, pathogens, and environmental pollutants. Furthermore, integrating organic biosensors into wearable devices and the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem is discussed, wherein they offer real-time, remote, and personalized monitoring solutions. The review also addresses the current challenges and future prospects of organic biosensing, thus emphasizing the potential for breakthroughs in personalized medicine, environmental sustainability, and the advancement of human health and well-being.

Parylene C as a Multipurpose Material for Electronics and Microfluidics

Poly(p-xylylene) derivatives, widely known as Parylenes, have been considerably adopted by the scientific community for several applications, ranging from simple passive coatings to active device components. Here, we explore the thermal, structural, and electrical properties of Parylene C, and further present a variety of electronic devices featuring this polymer: transistors, capacitors, and digital microfluidic (DMF) devices. We evaluate transistors produced with Parylene C as a dielectric, substrate, and encapsulation layer, either semitransparent or fully transparent. Such transistors exhibit steep transfer curves and subthreshold slopes of 0.26 V/dec, negligible gate leak currents, and fair mobilities. Furthermore, we characterize MIM (metal-insulator-metal) structures with Parylene C as a dielectric and demonstrate the functionality of the polymer deposited in single and double layers under temperature and AC signal stimuli, mimicking the DMF stimuli. Applying temperature generally leads to a decrease in the capacitance of the dielectric layer, whereas applying an AC signal leads to an increase in said capacitance for double-layered Parylene C only. By applying the two stimuli, the capacitance seems to suffer from a balanced influence of both the separated stimuli. Lastly, we demonstrate that DMF devices with double-layered Parylene C allow for faster droplet motion and enable long nucleic acid amplification reactions.

Mechano-Bactericidal Surfaces: Mechanisms, Nanofabrication, and Prospects for Food Applications

Mechano-bactericidal (MB) nanopatterns have the ability to inactivate bacterial cells by rupturing cellular envelopes. Such biocide-free, physicomechanical mechanisms may confer lasting biofilm mitigation capability to various materials encountered in food processing, packaging, and food preparation environments. In this review, we first discuss recent progress on elucidating MB mechanisms, unraveling property-activity relationships, and developing cost-effective and scalable nanofabrication technologies. Next, we evaluate the potential challenges that MB surfaces may face in food-related applications and provide our perspective on the critical research needs and opportunities to facilitate their adoption in the food industry.

Preliminary Study on a Biocompatible Cellulose Waterborne Polyurethane Composite Membrane

A promising technique for repairing necrotic mucosa of human organs has emerged, in which composite films are used to replace human mucosa. In this work, neutral alpha-amylase corrosion solution with a concentration of 0.40 mg/mL and hydrochloric acid corrosion solution at pH 0.9 were used as simulated oral cavity and gastric fluid environments under the condition of human body temperature. The prepared cellulose film and the cellulose water-based polyurethane composite film (the concentration of water-based polyurethane was 90, 92, 94, 96, or 98%) were mixed in the simulated environment. The composite membrane had a weaker water swelling property (water swelling degree of 4.32%), weaker surface hydrophilicity (water contact angle of 59.05°), and stronger enzyme activity (1.77 U). This functional film composite material is expected to become an ideal substitute for human mucosa.

Design Strategies for Structurally Controlled Polymer Surfaces via Cyclophane-Based CVD Polymerization and Post-CVD Fabrication

Molecular structuring of soft matter with precise arrangements over multiple hierarchical levels, especially on polymer surfaces, and enabling their post-synthetic modulation has tremendous potential for application in molecular engineering and interfacial science. Here, recent research and developments in design strategies for structurally controlled polymer surfaces via cyclophane-based chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization with precise control over chemical functionalities and post-CVD fabrication via orthogonal surface functionalization that facilitates the formation of designable biointerfaces are summarized. Particular discussion about innovative approaches for the templated synthesis of shape-controlled CVD polymers, ranging from 1D to 3D architecture, including inside confined nanochannels, nanofibers/nanowires synthesis into an anisotropic media such as liquid crystals, and CVD polymer nanohelices via hierarchical chirality transfer across multiple length scales is provided. Aiming at multifunctional polymer surfaces via CVD copolymerization of multiple precursors, the structural and functional design of the fundamental [2.2]paracyclophane (PCP) precursor molecules, that is, functional CVD monomer chemistry is also described. Technologically advanced and innovative surface deposition techniques toward topological micro- and nanostructuring, including microcontact printing, photopatterning, photomask, and lithographic techniques such as dip-pen nanolithography, showcasing research from the authors' laboratories as well as other's relevant important findings in this evolving field are highlighted that have introduced new programmable CVD polymerization capabilities. Perspectives, current limitations, and future considerations are provided.

Cell-repellent polyampholyte for conformal coating on microstructures

Repellent coatings are critical for the development of biomedical and analytical devices to prevent nonspecific protein and cell adhesion. In this study, prevelex (polyampholytes containing phosphate and amine units) was synthesized for the fine coating of microdevices for cell culture. The dip-coating of the prevelex on hydrophobic substrates altered their surfaces to be highly hydrophilic and electrically neutral. The range of prebake temperature (50–150 °C) after dip-coating was moderate and within a preferable range to treat typical materials for cell culture such as polystyrene and polydimethylsiloxane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a conformal and ultra-thin film coating on the micro/nano structures. When compared with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine), prevelex exhibited better characteristics for coating on microwell array devices, thereby facilitating the formation of spheroids with uniform diameters using various cell types. Furthermore, to examine cellular functionalities, mouse embryonic epithelial and mesenchymal cells were seeded in a prevelex-coated microwell array device. The two types of cells formed hair follicle germ-like aggregates in the device. The aggregates were then transplanted to generate de novo hair follicles in nude mice. The coating material provided a robust and fine coating approach for the preparation of non-fouling surfaces for tissue engineering and biomedical applications.

Multiplexed Covalent Patterns on Double-Reactive Porous Coating

We have conceptualized and demonstrated an approach based on the combination of hydrophobicity, a substrate‐independent dip coating as porous material with double residual chemical reactivities for implementing multiplexed, miniaturized and unclonable bulk‐infused patterns of different fluorophores following distinct reaction pathways. The embedded hydrophobicity (∼102°) restricted the unwanted spreading of beaded aqueous ink on the coating. The constructions of micropatterns on porous dip‐coating via ink‐jet printing or microchannel cantilever spotting offered orthogonal read‐out and remained readable even after removal of the exterior of the coating.

Advanced Surface Modification for 3D-Printed Titanium Alloy Implant Interface Functionalization

With the development of three-dimensional (3D) printed technology, 3D printed alloy implants, especially titanium alloy, play a critical role in biomedical fields such as orthopedics and dentistry. However, untreated titanium alloy implants always possess a bioinert surface that prevents the interface osseointegration, which is necessary to perform surface modification to enhance its biological functions. In this article, we discuss the principles and processes of chemical, physical, and biological surface modification technologies on 3D printed titanium alloy implants in detail. Furthermore, the challenges on antibacterial, osteogenesis, and mechanical properties of 3D-printed titanium alloy implants by surface modification are summarized. Future research studies, including the combination of multiple modification technologies or the coordination of the structure and composition of the composite coating are also present. This review provides leading-edge functionalization strategies of the 3D printed titanium alloy implants.

Advancements in modification of membrane materials over membrane separation for biomedical applications-Review

A comprehensive overview of various modifications carried out on polymeric membranes for biomedical applications has been presented in this review paper. In particular, different methods of carrying out these modifications have been discussed. The uniqueness of the review lies in the sense that it discusses the surface modification techniques traversing the timeline from traditionally well-established technologies to emerging new techniques, thus giving an intuitive understanding of the evolution of surface modification techniques over time. A critical comparison of the advantages and pitfalls of commonly used traditional and emerging surface modification techniques have been discussed. The paper also highlights the tuning of specific properties of polymeric membranes that are critical for their increased applications in the biomedical industry specifically in drug delivery, along with current challenges faced and where the future potential of research in the field of surface modification of membranes.

Optimal Discharge Parameters for Biomedical Surface Sterilization in Radiofrequency AR/O2 Plasma

Plasma parameters of radiofrequency discharge generated at low pressures in an argon-oxygen mixture addressed for biomedical surface sterilization have been optimized. Numerical results illustrate the density distributions of different species and electron temperatures during the electrical discharge process. The current discharge acting in the abnormal range decreases at higher oxygen gas flow rates. The temperature of electrons drops with pressure while it rises by adding oxygen. Nevertheless, electron density displays an adverse trend, exhibited by the electron’s temperature. The average particle density of the reactive species is enhanced in Ar/O2 compared to He/O2, which ensures a better efficiency of Ar/O2 in sterilizing bacteria than He/O2. The impact of oxygen addition on the discharge mixture reveals raised oxygen atom density and a reduction in metastable oxygen atoms. A pronounced production of oxygen atoms is achieved at higher frequency domains. This makes our findings promising for biomedical surface sterilization and leads to optimal parameter discharges used for sterilization being at 30% of oxygen gas ratio and 0.3 Torr pressure.

Coatings Functionalization via Laser versus Other Deposition Techniques for Medical Applications: A Comparative Review

The development of new biological devices in response to market demands requires continuous efforts for the improvement of products’ functionalization based upon expansion of the materials used and their fabrication techniques. One viable solution consists of a functionalization substrate covered by layers via an appropriate deposition technique. Laser techniques ensure an enhanced coating’s adherence to the substrate and improved biological characteristics, not compromising the mechanical properties of the functionalized medical device. This is a review of the main laser techniques involved. We mainly refer to pulse laser deposition, matrix-assisted, and laser simple and double writing versus some other well-known deposition methods as magnetron sputtering, 3D bioprinting, inkjet printing, extrusion, solenoid, fuse-deposition modeling, plasma spray (PS), and dip coating. All these techniques can be extended to functionalize surface fabrication to change local morphology, chemistry, and crystal structure, which affect the biomaterial behavior following the chosen application. Surface functionalization laser techniques are strictly controlled within a confined area to deliver a large amount of energy concisely. The laser deposit performances are presented compared to reported data obtained by other techniques.

Surfaces with Antifouling-Antimicrobial Dual Function via Immobilization of Lysozyme on Zwitterionic Polymer Thin Films

Due to the emergence of wide-spread infectious diseases, there is a heightened need for antimicrobial and/or antifouling coatings that can be used to prevent infection and transmission in a variety...

Recent progress in Tannic Acid-driven antimicrobial/antifouling surface coating strategies

Medical devices and surgical implants are a necessary part of tissue engineering and regenerative medicines. However, the biofouling and microbial colonization on the implant surface continues to be a major...

Mode Sensitivity Exploration of Silica-Titania Waveguide for Refractive Index Sensing Applications

In this paper, a novel and cost-effective photonic platform based on silica–titania material is discussed. The silica–titania thin films were grown utilizing the sol–gel dip-coating method and characterized with the help of the prism-insertion technique. Afterwards, the mode sensitivity analysis of the silica–titania ridge waveguide is investigated via the finite element method. Silica–titania waveguide systems are highly attractive due to their ease of development, low fabrication cost, low propagation losses and operation in both visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges. Finally, a ring resonator (RR) sensor device was modelled for refractive index sensing applications, offering a sensitivity of 230 nm/RIU, a figure of merit (FOM) of 418.2 RIU⁻¹, and Q-factor of 2247.5 at the improved geometric parameters. We believe that the abovementioned integrated photonics platform is highly suitable for high-performance and economically reasonable optical sensing devices.

Polyelectrolytes as Building Blocks for Next-Generation Membranes with Advanced Functionalities

The global society is in a transition, where dealing with climate change and water scarcity are important challenges. More efficient separations of chemical species are essential to reduce energy consumption and to provide more reliable access to clean water. Here, membranes with advanced functionalities that go beyond standard separation properties can play a key role. This includes relevant functionalities, such as stimuli-responsiveness, fouling control, stability, specific selectivity, sustainability, and antimicrobial activity. Polyelectrolytes and their complexes are an especially promising system to provide advanced membrane functionalities. Here, we have reviewed recent work where advanced membrane properties stem directly from the material properties provided by polyelectrolytes. This work highlights the versatility of polyelectrolyte-based membrane modifications, where polyelectrolytes are not only applied as single layers, including brushes, but also as more complex polyelectrolyte multilayers on both porous membrane supports and dense membranes. Moreover, free-standing membranes can also be produced completely from aqueous polyelectrolyte solutions allowing much more sustainable approaches to membrane fabrication. The Review demonstrates the promise that polyelectrolytes and their complexes hold for next-generation membranes with advanced properties, while it also provides a clear outlook on the future of this promising field.

Solid State NMR Spectroscopy a Valuable Technique for Structural Insights of Advanced Thin Film Materials: A Review

Solid-state NMR has proven to be a versatile technique for studying the chemical structure, 3D structure and dynamics of all sorts of chemical compounds. In nanotechnology and particularly in thin films, the study of chemical modification, molecular packing, end chain motion, distance determination and solvent-matrix interactions is essential for controlling the final product properties and applications. Despite its atomic-level research capabilities and recent technical advancements, solid-state NMR is still lacking behind other spectroscopic techniques in the field of thin films due to the underestimation of NMR capabilities, availability, great variety of nuclei and pulse sequences, lack of sensitivity for quadrupole nuclei and time-consuming experiments. This article will comprehensively and critically review the work done by solid-state NMR on different types of thin films and the most advanced NMR strategies, which are beyond conventional, and the hardware design used to overcome the technical issues in thin-film research.

Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition Kinetics of Poly(4-aminostyrene)

Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition (iCVD) is a free-radical polymerization technique used to synthesize functional polymer thin films. In the context of drug delivery, the conformality of iCVD coatings and the variety of functional chemical moieties make them excellent materials for encapsulating pharmaceutics. Poly(4-aminostyrene) (PAS) belongs to a class of functionalizable materials, whose primary amine allows decoration of the delivery vehicles with biomolecules that enable targeted delivery or biocompatibility. Understanding kinetics of PAS polymerization in iCVD is crucial for such deployments because drug release kinetics in thin-film encapsulation have been shown to be determined by the film thickness. Nevertheless, the effects of deposition conditions on PAS growth kinetics have not been studied systematically. To bridge that knowledge gap, we report the kinetics of iCVD polymerization as a function of fractional saturation pressure of the monomer (i.e., Pm/Psat) in a dual-regime fashion, with quadratic dependence under low Pm/Psat and linear dependence under high Pm/Psat. We uncovered the critical Pm/Psat value of 0.2, around which the transition also occurs for many other iCVD monomers. Because existing theoretical models for the iCVD process cannot fully explain the dual-regime polymerization kinetics, we drew inspiration from solution-phase polymerization and proposed updated termination mechanisms that account for the transition between two regimes. The reported model builds upon existing iCVD theories and allows the synthesis of PAS thin films with precisely controlled growth rates, which has the potential to accelerate the deployment of iCVD PAS as a novel biomaterial in controlled and targeted drug delivery with designed pharmacokinetics.

Degradation Behavior of Polymers Used as Coating Materials for Drug Delivery-A Basic Review

The purpose of the work was to emphasize the main differences and similarities in the degradation mechanisms in the case of polymeric coatings compared with the bulk ones. Combined with the current background, this work reviews the properties of commonly utilized degradable polymers in drug delivery, the factors affecting degradation mechanism, testing methods while offering a retrospective on the evolution of the controlled release of biodegradable polymeric coatings. A literature survey on stability and degradation of different polymeric coatings, which were thoroughly evaluated by different techniques, e.g., polymer mass loss measurements, surface, structural and chemical analysis, was completed. Moreover, we analyzed some shortcomings of the degradation behavior of biopolymers in form of coatings and briefly proposed some solving directions to the main existing problems (e.g., improving measuring techniques resolution, elucidation of complete mathematical analysis of the different degradation mechanisms). Deep studies are still necessary on the dynamic changes which occur to biodegradable polymeric coatings which can help to envisage the future performance of synthesized films designed to be used as medical devices with application in drug delivery.

Analysis of Fractal Structures in Dehydrated Films of Protein Solutions

The article deals with dendritic structures resulting from self-organization processes in aqueous solutions of albumin proteins. The methods for obtaining the structures and experimental results are presented. It is shown that dendrites are fractal structures that are symmetric under certain conditions of their formation and can have different characteristics depending on the isothermal dehydration of liquid samples. The fractal dimension of the structures in films of the albumin protein solution has been calculated. Dependences of the fractal dimension on the concentrations of salts and protein in the initial solutions and also on the dehydration temperature have been revealed. It has been shown that as the protein concentration in the solution grows, the salt concentration for the initiation of the dendritic structure formation increases. It has been found that the temperature dependences of the fractal dimension of the structures become smoother with increasing protein concentration in solutions. The relationship between geometric characteristics of dendrites and self-organization parameters during drying is discussed.