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Vieira-Lara MA, Bakker BM. The paradox of fatty-acid β-oxidation in muscle insulin resistance: Metabolic control and muscle heterogeneity. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167172. [PMID: 38631409 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The skeletal muscle is a metabolically heterogeneous tissue that plays a key role in maintaining whole-body glucose homeostasis. It is well known that muscle insulin resistance (IR) precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. There is a consensus that the accumulation of specific lipid species in the tissue can drive IR. However, the role of the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation in IR and, consequently, in the control of glucose uptake remains paradoxical: interventions that either inhibit or activate fatty-acid β-oxidation have been shown to prevent IR. We here discuss the current theories and evidence for the interplay between β-oxidation and glucose uptake in IR. To address the underlying intricacies, we (1) dive into the control of glucose uptake fluxes into muscle tissues using the framework of Metabolic Control Analysis, and (2) disentangle concepts of flux and catalytic capacities taking into account skeletal muscle heterogeneity. Finally, we speculate about hitherto unexplored mechanisms that could bring contrasting evidence together. Elucidating how β-oxidation is connected to muscle IR and the underlying role of muscle heterogeneity enhances disease understanding and paves the way for new treatments for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Dreher SI, Grubba P, von Toerne C, Moruzzi A, Maurer J, Goj T, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Loskill P, Hauck SM, Weigert C. IGF1 promotes human myotube differentiation toward a mature metabolic and contractile phenotype. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1462-C1481. [PMID: 38690930 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00654.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mediates the beneficial effects of exercise, thereby improving insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk for type 2 diabetes. Current human skeletal muscle models in vitro are incapable of fully recapitulating its physiological functions especially muscle contractility. By supplementation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a growth factor secreted by myofibers in vivo, we aimed to overcome these limitations. We monitored the differentiation process starting from primary human CD56-positive myoblasts in the presence/absence of IGF1 in serum-free medium in daily collected samples for 10 days. IGF1-supported differentiation formed thicker multinucleated myotubes showing physiological contraction upon electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) following day 6. Myotubes without IGF1 were almost incapable of contraction. IGF1 treatment shifted the proteome toward skeletal muscle-specific proteins that contribute to myofibril and sarcomere assembly, striated muscle contraction, and ATP production. Elevated PPARGC1A, MYH7, and reduced MYH1/2 suggest a more oxidative phenotype further demonstrated by higher abundance of proteins of the respiratory chain and elevated mitochondrial respiration. IGF1-treatment also upregulated glucose transporter (GLUT)4 and increased insulin-dependent glucose uptake compared with myotubes differentiated without IGF1. To conclude, addition of IGF1 to serum-free medium significantly improves the differentiation of human myotubes that showed enhanced myofibril formation, response to electrical pulse stimulation, oxidative respiratory capacity, and glucose metabolism overcoming limitations of previous standards. This novel protocol enables investigation of muscular exercise on a molecular level.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Human skeletal muscle models are highly valuable to study how exercise prevents type 2 diabetes without invasive biopsies. Current models did not fully recapitulate the function of skeletal muscle especially during exercise. By supplementing insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), the authors developed a functional human skeletal muscle model characterized by inducible contractility and increased oxidative and insulin-sensitive metabolism. The novel protocol overcomes the limitations of previous standards and enables investigation of exercise on a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Paul Grubba
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine von Toerne
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alessia Moruzzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Maurer
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Goj
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- Department for Microphysiological Systems, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Ezquerra Condeminas P, Mallol M, Font R, Tremps V, Gutiérrez JA, Rodas G, Perera Lluna A, Soria JM. Unraveling athletic performance: Transcriptomics and external load monitoring in handball competition. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299556. [PMID: 38466679 PMCID: PMC10927131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to comprehend the impact of handball practice on sub-elite athletes by investigating transcriptomic changes that occur during a match. The primary focus encompasses a dual objective: firstly, to identify and characterize these transcriptomic alterations, and secondly, to establish correlations between internal factors (gene expression), and external loads measured through Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems (EPTS variables). Ultimately, this comprehensive analysis seeks to evaluate both acute and chronic responses to exercise within the context of handball training. METHODS The study included sixteen elite male athletes from the FC Barcelona handball second team. Blood samples were extracted at three different time points: before the match at baseline levels (T1), immediately upon completion (T2), and 24 hours after completion (T3). Differential gene expression, Gene Ontology Term and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were conducted in two comparisons: Comparison 1 (T1 vs T2) and Comparison 2 (T1 vs T3). Further, the correlation between gene expression levels and training variables (external load) was conducted. RESULTS In T1 vs T2, 3717 of the 14632 genes detected were differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.05), and enrichment of terms related to the immune system, mitochondria, and metabolic processes was found. Further, significant linear correlations were obtained between High-Speed running (HSR) and high-intensity variables such as acceleration ACC and deceleration DEC values with amino acids, and inflammatory and oxidative environment-related pathways, both in chronic and acute response. CONCLUSIONS This research highlights the effects of external workload on elite athletes during a handball match and throughout the season. The study identifies deregulation in the immune system, mitochondrial functions, and various metabolic pathways during the match. Additionally, it establishes correlations between the external load and pathways associated with amino acids, inflammation, oxidative environment, and regulation. These findings offer insights into the immediate and chronic responses of athletes to physical effort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pol Ezquerra Condeminas
- Department of Innovation and Development Area, Beyond You (Exheus S.L.), Barcelona, Spain
- b2slab, Universitat Politècnica de Barcelona (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milos Mallol
- Performance Department of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Font
- Barça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences, Research group in Technology Applied to High Performance and Health (TAARS), Tecnocampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Spain
- National Institut of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), GRCE Research Group, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Tremps
- Performance Department of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Barça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, FPCEE Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Gutiérrez
- Barça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Department of Football Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gil Rodas
- Barça Innovation Hub of Football Club Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Medical Department of Football Club Barcelona (FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alexandre Perera Lluna
- Department of Innovation and Development Area, Beyond You (Exheus S.L.), Barcelona, Spain
- b2slab, Universitat Politècnica de Barcelona (UPC), Barcelona, Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Centre in the subject area of Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Soria
- Department of Innovation and Development Area, Beyond You (Exheus S.L.), Barcelona, Spain
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Disease, Research Institute of Sant Pau Hospital (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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O'Neal DN, Zaharieva DP, Morrison D, McCarthy O, Nørgaard K. Exercising Safely with the MiniMed™ 780G Automated Insulin Delivery System. Diabetes Technol Ther 2024; 26:84-96. [PMID: 38377316 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2023.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The physical and psychological benefits of exercise are particularly pertinent to people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The variability in subcutaneous insulin absorption and the delay in offset and onset in glucose lowering action impose limitations, given the rapidly varying insulin requirements with exercise. Simultaneously, there are challenges to glucose monitoring. Consequently, those with T1D are less likely to exercise because of concerns regarding glucose instability. While glucose control with exercise can be enhanced using automated insulin delivery (AID), all commercially available AID systems remain limited by the pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous insulin delivery. Although glycemic responses may vary with exercises of differing intensities and durations, the principles providing the foundation for guidelines include minimization of insulin on board before exercise commencement, judicious and timely carbohydrate supplementation, and when possible, a reduction in insulin delivered in anticipation of planned exercise. There is an increasing body of evidence in support of superior glucose control with AID over manual insulin dosing in people in T1D who wish to exercise. The MiniMed™ 780G AID system varies basal insulin delivery with superimposed automated correction boluses. It incorporates a temporary (elevated glucose) target of 8.3 mmol/L (150 mg/dL) and when it is functioning, the autocorrection boluses are stopped. As the device has recently become commercially available, there are limited data assessing glucose control with the MiniMed™ 780G under exercise conditions. Importantly, when exercise was planned and implemented within consensus guidelines, %time in range and %time below range targets were met. A practical approach to exercising with the device is provided with illustrative case studies. While there are limitations to spontaneity imposed on any AID device due to the pharmacokinetics associated with the subcutaneous delivery of current insulin formulations, the MiniMed™ 780G system provides people with T1D an excellent option for exercising safely if the appropriate strategies are implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- David N O'Neal
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, Parkville, Australia
| | - Dessi P Zaharieva
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Dale Morrison
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Fitzroy, Australia
- Australian Centre for Accelerating Diabetes Innovations, Parkville, Australia
| | - Olivia McCarthy
- Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Technology, Exercise and Medicine Research Centre, Applied Sport, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten Nørgaard
- Copenhagen University Hospital-Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cholekho S, Fan Z, Tan H. Case report: catamenial hyperglycemia: the trigger of recurrent DKA in a female patient with three-year follow-up. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1305332. [PMID: 38444588 PMCID: PMC10912938 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1305332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Catamenial hyperglycemia is a rare type of spontaneous, recurring Diabetic Ketoacidosis(DKA) in females during the luteal phase, most commonly observed in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Even with controlled serum glucose levels, adherence to a diabetic diet, medications, and in the absence of other common influencing factors such as infection, glucose levels tend to increase during the premenstrual period. This uncommon issue related to the menstrual cycle phase has not been extensively researched. Therefore, this study aims to diagnose catamenial hyperglycemia promptly and initiate early treatment to prevent complications. Case report We presented a case of a 19-year-old girl who experienced recurrent DKA during the premenstrual period, without an apparent cause. She was admitted multiple times to various hospitals and sought consultations, undergoing numerous laboratory and imaging examinations, yet the etiology remained elusive. Ultimately, she received a diagnosis of catamenial diabetic hyperglycemia. To prevent recurrence of complications associated with catamenial hyperglycemia, we initiated a comprehensive approach which included continuous glucose monitoring, adherence to a strict diabetic diet, diabetic health education, regular exercise, timely medication administration, and increase in insulin dosage during the premenstrual period based on glucose levels. Conclusions Although catamenial hyperglycemia is rare, it should be considered a cause of recurrent hyperglycemia in any postpubertal female to prevent complications. The specific underlying mechanisms responsible for catamenial hyperglycemia or DKA remain unidentified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Huiwen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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6
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Klip A, De Bock K, Bilan PJ, Richter EA. Transcellular Barriers to Glucose Delivery in the Body. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:149-173. [PMID: 38345907 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-031657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Glucose is the universal fuel of most mammalian cells, and it is largely replenished through dietary intake. Glucose availability to tissues is paramount for the maintenance of homeostatic energetics and, hence, supply should match demand by the consuming organs. In its journey through the body, glucose encounters cellular barriers for transit at the levels of the absorbing intestinal epithelial wall, the renal epithelium mediating glucose reabsorption, and the tight capillary endothelia (especially in the brain). Glucose transiting through these cellular barriers must escape degradation to ensure optimal glucose delivery to the bloodstream or tissues. The liver, which stores glycogen and generates glucose de novo, must similarly be able to release it intact to the circulation. We present the most up-to-date knowledge on glucose handling by the gut, liver, brain endothelium, and kidney, and discuss underlying molecular mechanisms and open questions. Diseases associated with defects in glucose delivery and homeostasis are also briefly addressed. We propose that the universal problem of sparing glucose from catabolism in favor of translocation across the barriers posed by epithelia and endothelia is resolved through common mechanisms involving glucose transfer to the endoplasmic reticulum, from where glucose exits the cells via unconventional cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philip J Bilan
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Amawi A, AlKasasbeh W, Jaradat M, Almasri A, Alobaidi S, Hammad AA, Bishtawi T, Fataftah B, Turk N, Saoud HA, Jarrar A, Ghazzawi H. Athletes' nutritional demands: a narrative review of nutritional requirements. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1331854. [PMID: 38328685 PMCID: PMC10848936 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1331854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition serves as the cornerstone of an athlete's life, exerting a profound impact on their performance and overall well-being. To unlock their full potential, athletes must adhere to a well-balanced diet tailored to their specific nutritional needs. This approach not only enables them to achieve optimal performance levels but also facilitates efficient recovery and reduces the risk of injuries. In addition to maintaining a balanced diet, many athletes also embrace the use of nutritional supplements to complement their dietary intake and support their training goals. These supplements cover a wide range of options, addressing nutrient deficiencies, enhancing recovery, promoting muscle synthesis, boosting energy levels, and optimizing performance in their respective sports or activities. The primary objective of this narrative review is to comprehensively explore the diverse nutritional requirements that athletes face to optimize their performance, recovery, and overall well-being. Through a thorough literature search across databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, we aim to provide evidence-based recommendations and shed light on the optimal daily intakes of carbohydrates, protein, fats, micronutrients, hydration strategies, ergogenic aids, nutritional supplements, and nutrient timing. Furthermore, our aim is to dispel common misconceptions regarding sports nutrition, providing athletes with accurate information and empowering them in their nutritional choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Amawi
- Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Walaa AlKasasbeh
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Faculty of Educational Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Manar Jaradat
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amani Almasri
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Sondos Alobaidi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aya Abu Hammad
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Taqwa Bishtawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Batoul Fataftah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Nataly Turk
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hassan Al Saoud
- Department of Exercise Science and Kinesiology, School of Sport Science, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Amjad Jarrar
- Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Oxford Brookes Center for Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hadeel Ghazzawi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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8
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Li Y, Tataka Y, Sakazaki M, Kamemoto K, Nagayama C, Yoshikawa Y, Yamada Y, Miyashita M. Acute effects of exercise intensity on butyrylcholinesterase and ghrelin in young men: A randomized controlled study. J Exerc Sci Fit 2024; 22:39-50. [PMID: 38033619 PMCID: PMC10687701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), a liver-derived enzyme that hydrolyzes acylated ghrelin to des-acylated ghrelin, may trigger a potential mechanism responsible for the acute exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin. However, studies examining the effects of an acute bout of high-intensity exercise on BChE and acylated ghrelin have yielded inconsistent findings. This study aimed to examine the acute effects of exercise intensity on BChE, acylated ghrelin and des-acylated ghrelin concentrations in humans. Methods Fifteen young men (aged 22.7 ± 1.8 years, mean ± standard deviation) completed three, half-day laboratory-based trials (i.e., high-intensity exercise, low-intensity exercise and control), in a random order. In the exercise trials, the participants ran for 60 min (from 09:30 to 10:30) at a speed eliciting 70 % (high-intensity) or 40 % (low-intensity) of their maximum oxygen uptake and then rested for 90 min. In the control trial, participants sat on a chair for the entire trial (from 09:30 to 12:00). Venous blood samples were collected at 09:30, 10:00, 10:30, 11:00, 11:30 and 12:00. Results The BChE concentration was not altered over time among the three trials. Total acylated and des-acylated ghrelin area under the curve during the first 60 min (i.e., from 0 min to 60 min) of the main trial were lower in the high-intensity exercise trial than in the control (acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 62.6 pg/mL, p < 0.001; des-acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 31.4 pg/mL, p = 0.035) and the low-intensity exercise trial (acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 87.7 pg/mL, p < 0.001; des-acylated ghrelin, mean difference: 43.0 pg/mL, p = 0.042). Conclusion The findings suggest that BChE may not be involved in the modulation of ghrelin even though lowered acylated ghrelin concentration was observed after high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Li
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yusei Tataka
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Miki Sakazaki
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kamemoto
- Waseda Institute for Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nagayama
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshie Yoshikawa
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamada
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyashita
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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9
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Zignoli A, Fontana FY, Lipman DJ, Skroce K, Maturana FM, Zisser HC. Association between pre-exercise food ingestion timing and reactive hypoglycemia: Insights from a large database of continuous glucose monitoring data. Eur J Sport Sci 2023; 23:2340-2348. [PMID: 37424300 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2023.2233468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Using a large database of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) data, this study aimed to gain insights into the association between pre-exercise food ingestion timing and reactive hypoglycemia. A group of 6,761 users self-reported 48,799 pre-exercise food ingestion events and logged minute-by-minute CGM, which was used to detect reactive hypoglycemia (<70 mg/dL) in the first 30 min of exercise. A linear and a non-linear binomial logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between food ingestion timing and the probability of experiencing reactive hypoglycemia. An analysis of variance was conducted to compare the predictive ability of the models. On average, reactive hypoglycemia was detected in 8.34 ± 3.04% of the total events, with <15% of individuals experiencing hypoglycemia in >20% of their events. The majority of the reactive hypoglycemia events were found with pre-exercise food timing between ∼30 and ∼90 min, with a peak at ∼60 min. The superior accuracy (62.05 vs 45.1%) and F-score (0.75 vs 0.59) of the non-linear vs the linear model were statistically superior (P < 0.0001). These results support the notion of an unfavourable 30-to-90 min pre-exercise food ingestion time window which can significantly impact the likelihood of reactive hypoglycemia in some individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zignoli
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Supersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Federico Y Fontana
- Supersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, Nutritional Medicine, and Metabolism (UDEM), Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Kristina Skroce
- Supersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Felipe M Maturana
- Supersapiens Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA
- Sports Medicine Department, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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10
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Løkken N, Khawajazada T, Slipsager A, Voermans NC, Vissing J. Repeated oral sucrose dosing after the second wind is unnecessary in patients with McArdle disease: Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:1139-1146. [PMID: 37431283 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
It is well-established that oral sucrose ingested shortly before exercise improves early exercise tolerance in individuals with McArdle disease. This is by supplying blood-borne glucose for muscle metabolism to compensate for the blocked glycogenolysis. The present study investigated if individuals with McArdle disease could benefit further from repeated sucrose ingestion during prolonged exercise. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, the participants were randomized to ingest either sucrose or placebo first and subsequently the opposite on two separate days. The participants ingested the drink 10 min before and thrice (after 10, 25, and 40 min) during a 60-min submaximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. The primary outcome was exercise capacity as indicated by heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (PE) responses to exercise. Secondary outcomes included changes in blood metabolites, insulin and carbohydrate, and fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise. Nine participants with McArdle disease were included in the study. We confirmed improvement of exercise capacity with oral sucrose vs. placebo during early exercise (pre-second wind) indicated by lower peak HR and PE (p < 0.02). We found no further beneficial effect with repeated sucrose versus placebo ingestion during prolonged exercise, as indicated by no difference in HR or PE post-second wind (p > 0.05). Glucose, lactate, insulin, and carbohydrate oxidation rates increased, and fatty acid oxidation decreased with sucrose versus placebo (p ≤ 0.0002). We can conclude that repeated sucrose ingestion is not recommended during prolonged exercise. This finding can prevent excessive caloric intake and reduce the risk of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline Løkken
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tahmina Khawajazada
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Slipsager
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicol C Voermans
- The Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Townsend LK, Steinberg GR. AMPK and the Endocrine Control of Metabolism. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:910-933. [PMID: 37115289 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Complex multicellular organisms require a coordinated response from multiple tissues to maintain whole-body homeostasis in the face of energetic stressors such as fasting, cold, and exercise. It is also essential that energy is stored efficiently with feeding and the chronic nutrient surplus that occurs with obesity. Mammals have adapted several endocrine signals that regulate metabolism in response to changes in nutrient availability and energy demand. These include hormones altered by fasting and refeeding including insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, catecholamines, ghrelin, and fibroblast growth factor 21; adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin; cell stress-induced cytokines like tumor necrosis factor alpha and growth differentiating factor 15, and lastly exerkines such as interleukin-6 and irisin. Over the last 2 decades, it has become apparent that many of these endocrine factors control metabolism by regulating the activity of the AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase). AMPK is a master regulator of nutrient homeostasis, phosphorylating over 100 distinct substrates that are critical for controlling autophagy, carbohydrate, fatty acid, cholesterol, and protein metabolism. In this review, we discuss how AMPK integrates endocrine signals to maintain energy balance in response to diverse homeostatic challenges. We also present some considerations with respect to experimental design which should enhance reproducibility and the fidelity of the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism Obesity and Diabetes Research, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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12
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Henriquez-Olguin C, Meneses-Valdes R, Raun SH, Gallero S, Knudsen JR, Li Z, Li J, Sylow L, Jaimovich E, Jensen TE. NOX2 deficiency exacerbates diet-induced obesity and impairs molecular training adaptations in skeletal muscle. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102842. [PMID: 37572454 PMCID: PMC10440567 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 has been linked to both insulin resistance and exercise training adaptations in skeletal muscle. This study explores the previously unexamined role of NOX2 in the interplay between diet-induced insulin resistance and exercise training (ET). Using a mouse model that harbors a point mutation in the essential NOX2 regulatory subunit, p47phox (Ncf1*), we investigated the impact of this mutation on various metabolic adaptations. Wild-type (WT) and Ncf1* mice were assigned to three groups: chow diet, 60% energy fat diet (HFD), and HFD with access to running wheels (HFD + E). After a 16-week intervention, a comprehensive phenotypic assessment was performed, including body composition, glucose tolerance, energy intake, muscle insulin signaling, redox-related proteins, and mitochondrial adaptations. The results revealed that NOX2 deficiency exacerbated the impact of HFD on body weight, body composition, and glucose intolerance. Moreover, in Ncf1* mice, ET did not improve glucose tolerance or increase muscle cross-sectional area. ET normalized body fat independently of genotype. The lack of NOX2 activity during ET reduced several metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle, including insulin signaling and expression of Hexokinase II and oxidative phosphorylation complexes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that NOX2 mediates key beneficial effects of exercise training in the context of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Exercise Science Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Av. Pedro de Valdivia 1509, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Roberto Meneses-Valdes
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Steffen H Raun
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Samantha Gallero
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, CN, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- School of Medicine and Nursing, Huzhou University, Huzhou, 313000, CN, China
| | - Lykke Sylow
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 3 Blegdamsvej, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Center for Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, 8380453, Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Sjøberg KA, Sigvardsen CM, Alvarado-Diaz A, Andersen NR, Larance M, Seeley RJ, Schjerling P, Knudsen JG, Katzilieris-Petras G, Clemmensen C, Jørgensen SB, De Bock K, Richter EA. GDF15 increases insulin action in the liver and adipose tissue via a β-adrenergic receptor-mediated mechanism. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1327-1340.e5. [PMID: 37473755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) induces weight loss and increases insulin action in obese rodents. Whether and how GDF15 improves insulin action without weight loss is unknown. Obese rats were treated with GDF15 and displayed increased insulin tolerance 5 h later. Lean and obese female and male mice were treated with GDF15 on days 1, 3, and 5 without weight loss and displayed increased insulin sensitivity during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp on day 6 due to enhanced suppression of endogenous glucose production and increased glucose uptake in WAT and BAT. GDF15 also reduced glucagon levels during clamp independently of the GFRAL receptor. The insulin-sensitizing effect of GDF15 was completely abrogated in GFRAL KO mice and also by treatment with the β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol and in β1,β2-adrenergic receptor KO mice. GDF15 activation of the GFRAL receptor increases β-adrenergic signaling, in turn, improving insulin action in the liver and white and brown adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Sjøberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper M Sigvardsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdiel Alvarado-Diaz
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicoline Resen Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mark Larance
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Randy J Seeley
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob G Knudsen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgios Katzilieris-Petras
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Beck Jørgensen
- Global Drug Discovery, Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk, Maaloev, Denmark; Bio Innovation Hub Transformational Research Unit, Novo Nordisk, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katrien De Bock
- Laboratory of Exercise and Health, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Erik A Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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14
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Chambers TL, Stroh AM, Chavez C, Brandt AR, Claiborne A, Fountain WA, Gries KJ, Jones AM, Kuszmaul DJ, Lee GA, Lester BE, Lynch CE, Minchev K, Montenegro CF, Naruse M, Raue U, Trappe TA, Trappe S. Multitissue responses to exercise: a MoTrPAC feasibility study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:302-315. [PMID: 37318985 PMCID: PMC10393343 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00210.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the feasibility of the Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity Consortium (MoTrPAC) human adult clinical exercise protocols, while also documenting select cardiovascular, metabolic, and molecular responses to these protocols. After phenotyping and familiarization sessions, 20 subjects (25 ± 2 yr, 12 M, 8 W) completed an endurance exercise bout (n = 8, 40 min cycling at 70% V̇o2max), a resistance exercise bout (n = 6, ∼45 min, 3 sets of ∼10 repetition maximum, 8 exercises), or a resting control period (n = 6, 40 min rest). Blood samples were taken before, during, and after (10 min, 2 h, and 3.5 h) exercise or rest for levels of catecholamines, cortisol, glucagon, insulin, glucose, free fatty acids, and lactate. Heart rate was recorded throughout exercise (or rest). Skeletal muscle (vastus lateralis) and adipose (periumbilical) biopsies were taken before and ∼4 h following exercise or rest for mRNA levels of genes related to energy metabolism, growth, angiogenesis, and circadian processes. Coordination of the timing of procedural components (e.g., local anesthetic delivery, biopsy incisions, tumescent delivery, intravenous line flushes, sample collection and processing, exercise transitions, and team dynamics) was reasonable to orchestrate while considering subject burden and scientific objectives. The cardiovascular and metabolic alterations reflected a dynamic and unique response to endurance and resistance exercise, whereas skeletal muscle was transcriptionally more responsive than adipose 4 h postexercise. In summary, the current report provides the first evidence of protocol execution and feasibility of key components of the MoTrPAC human adult clinical exercise protocols. Scientists should consider designing exercise studies in various populations to interface with the MoTrPAC protocols and DataHub.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study highlights the feasibility of key aspects of the MoTrPAC adult human clinical protocols. This initial preview of what can be expected from acute exercise trial data from MoTrPAC provides an impetus for scientists to design exercise studies to interlace with the rich phenotypic and -omics data that will populate the MoTrPAC DataHub at the completion of the parent protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby L Chambers
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew M Stroh
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Clarisa Chavez
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Anna R Brandt
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - William A Fountain
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kevin J Gries
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Andrew M Jones
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Dillon J Kuszmaul
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Gary A Lee
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Bridget E Lester
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Colleen E Lynch
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Kiril Minchev
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | | | - Masatoshi Naruse
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Ulrika Raue
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Todd A Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
| | - Scott Trappe
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, United States
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15
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Antwi-Boasiako C, Kollie MF, Kyeremeh KA, Osei-Tutu JK, Musah L, Vormatu P, Tei RK, Hanson T, Sackitey-Ninye SE, Quartey-Papafio TR, Hayfron-Benjamin CF. Associations between spirometric measures and exercise capacity in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102831. [PMID: 37487361 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise aids glycemic control and the prevention of diabetes-related complications. However, exercise beyond an individual's pulmonary functional capacity may be detrimental. To date, little is known about the relationship between pulmonary function and exercise capacity in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the relationship between pulmonary function and exercise capacity in T2D. METHODS Spirometry and 6-min walk test (6MWT) were conducted for 263 systematically sampled adults with T2D without primary heart/lung disease. The primary measure of exercise capacity was the 6-min walk distance (6MWD); impaired exercise capacity was defined as 6MWD<400 m. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the associations between spirometric measures and exercise capacity with adjustments for age, sex, height, body mass index, diabetes duration, glycated hemoglobin concentration, smoking, suboptimum blood pressure control, and total cholesterol concentration. RESULTS Compared with individuals with normal spirometry, those with pulmonary restriction/obstruction had significantly lower 6MWD (404.67 m vs. 451.70),p < 0.001). The proportion of individuals with impaired exercise capacity was higher in individuals with impaired pulmonary function compared with those with normal pulmonary function (39.8% vs. 20.7%,p = 0.001). In the unadjusted models, decreasing Z-score FEV1 [odds ratio 1.40, 95% confidence interval (1.07-1.83),p = 0.013] and Z-score FVC [1.37 (1.06-1.76),0.016], but not Z-score FEV1/FVC ratio [1.00 (0.78-1.27),0.972] were significantly associated with impaired exercise capacity. In the fully adjusted model, the strength of association remained statistically significant for Z-score FEV1 [1.60 (1.06-2.41),0.025] but not Z-score FVC [1.48 (0.98-2.23),0.065]. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows inverse associations between FEV1 and impaired exercise capacity in T2D, Future research could characterize optimal exercise levels based on a patient's FEV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Antwi-Boasiako
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana; College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, United States
| | - Mulbah Fasama Kollie
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana; AM Dogliotti College of Medicine, University of Liberia, Liberia
| | | | | | - Latif Musah
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana
| | - Patience Vormatu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Ruth Korkor Tei
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana
| | - Tracy Hanson
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana
| | | | - Theresa Ruby Quartey-Papafio
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Ghana Medical School and Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana
| | - Charles F Hayfron-Benjamin
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Ghana; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of Ghana Medical School and Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana.
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16
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Archer E, Hill JO. Body and Fat mass are not Regulated, Controlled, or Defended: An introduction to the Invisible Hand' and 'Competition' Models of Metabolism. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 79:56-64. [PMID: 36283496 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents two inter-dependent frameworks for understanding the etiology of obesity and the regain of body and fat mass after weight loss. The 'Invisible Hand of Metabolism' illustrates how physiologic states such as body and fat mass and blood glucose levels arise from the unregulated, uncontrolled, yet competitive behavior of trillions of semi-autonomous cells. The 'Competition Model of Metabolism' is an explanatory (mechanistic) framework that details how organismal and cell-specific behaviors generate the apparent stability of physiologic states despite metabolic perturbations (e.g., weight-loss and exercise). Together, these frameworks show that body and fat mass and blood glucose levels are not regulated, controlled, or defended but emerge from the complexity and functional plasticity of competitive cellular relations. Therefore, we argue that the use of abstract constructs such as 'regulation', 'control', 'glucostats', 'adipostats', and 'set-/settling-points' hinders the understanding of obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in human and nonhuman mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James O Hill
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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17
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Rebello CJ, Zhang D, Kirwan JP, Lowe AC, Emerson CJ, Kracht CL, Steib LC, Greenway FL, Johnson WD, Brown JC. Effect of exercise training on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:348-357. [PMID: 36828899 PMCID: PMC10148910 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The effect of exercise training on whole-body insulin sensitivity has not been systematically summarized. We aimed to summarize the data from randomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of exercise training on insulin action, in adults. SUBJECTS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched until January 2021. Randomized controlled trials lasting ≥4 weeks, including adults, and evaluating the effect of exercise on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal measured using the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, were included. METHODS Three reviewers extracted summary data from published trials. The primary outcome was insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Standardized weighted mean differences (SMD) in glucose disposal between intervention and control were compared. The PEDro scale was used to assess risk of bias. RESULTS We included 25 trials (36 interventions, N = 851). Exercise increased insulin-stimulated glucose disposal relative to control, SMD = 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.39, 0.65; p < 0.001; I2 = 47%) without significantly suppressing hepatic glucose production. In trials without isotopic tracers, exercise increased glucose disposal (SMD = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.77; p < 0.001, I2 = 55%). In trials with isotopic tracers, exercise increased glucose disposal only when tracers were added to the exogenous glucose used for clamping (SMD = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.66, p = 0.034. I2 = 0%). In a meta-regression model including aerobic exercise, weight change, and tracer technique, only percent weight change explained between trial heterogeneity (β = 0.069; 95% CI: 0.005, 0.013). The PEDro rating indicated relatively low risk of bias (5.8 ± 0.22). CONCLUSIONS Exercise training for at least four weeks significantly increases insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Weight loss maximizes the effect and may be needed to improve hepatic insulin sensitivity. Differences in tracer methodology contribute to divergent outcomes and should be considered when assessing conclusions from research examining the effect of exercise on insulin action. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42019124381).
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida J Rebello
- Nutrition and Chronic Disease, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Dachuan Zhang
- Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Adam C Lowe
- Interventional Resources, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Carlante J Emerson
- Interventional Resources, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chelsea L Kracht
- Clinical Science, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Lori C Steib
- Library and Information Center, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Frank L Greenway
- Clinical Trials Unit, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - William D Johnson
- Biostatistics, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Justin C Brown
- Cancer Metabolism Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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18
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Riddell MC, Turner LV, Patton SR. Is There an Optimal Time of Day for Exercise? A Commentary on When to Exercise for People Living With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Spectr 2023; 36:146-150. [PMID: 37193212 PMCID: PMC10182965 DOI: 10.2337/dsi22-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is a cornerstone of diabetes self-care because of its association with many health benefits. Several studies that have explored the best time of day to exercise to inform clinical recommendations have yielded mixed results. For example, for people with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes, there may be benefits to timing exercise to occur after meals, whereas people with type 1 diabetes may benefit from performing exercise earlier in the day. One common thread is the health benefits of consistent exercise, suggesting that the issue of exercise timing may be secondary to the goal of helping people with diabetes establish an exercise routine that best fits their life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Corresponding author: Michael C. Riddell,
| | - Lauren V. Turner
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susana R. Patton
- Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Nemours Children’s Specialty Clinic, Jacksonville, FL
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19
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Muñoz VR, Botezelli JD, Gaspar RC, da Rocha AL, Vieira RFL, Crisol BM, Braga RR, Severino MB, Nakandakari SCBR, Antunes GC, Brunetto SQ, Ramos CD, Velloso LA, Simabuco FM, de Moura LP, da Silva ASR, Ropelle ER, Cintra DE, Pauli JR. Effects of short-term endurance and strength exercise in the molecular regulation of skeletal muscle in hyperinsulinemic and hyperglycemic Slc2a4 +/- mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:122. [PMID: 37052684 PMCID: PMC11072257 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04771-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intriguingly, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperglycemia can predispose insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes, leading to metabolic disturbances. Conversely, physical exercise stimulates skeletal muscle glucose uptake, improving whole-body glucose homeostasis. Therefore, we investigated the impact of short-term physical activity in a mouse model (Slc2a4+/-) that spontaneously develops hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia even when fed on a chow diet. METHODS Slc2a4+/- mice were used, that performed 5 days of endurance or strength exercise training. Further analysis included physiological tests (GTT and ITT), skeletal muscle glucose uptake, skeletal muscle RNA-sequencing, mitochondrial function, and experiments with C2C12 cell line. RESULTS When Slc2a4+/- mice were submitted to the endurance or strength training protocol, improvements were observed in the skeletal muscle glucose uptake and glucose metabolism, associated with broad transcriptomic modulation, that was, in part, related to mitochondrial adaptations. The endurance training, but not the strength protocol, was effective in improving skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity and unfolded protein response markers (UPRmt). Moreover, experiments with C2C12 cells indicated that insulin or glucose levels could contribute to these mitochondrial adaptations in skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Both short-term exercise protocols were efficient in whole-body glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. While endurance exercise plays an important role in transcriptome and mitochondrial activity, strength exercise mostly affects post-translational mechanisms and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle. Thus, the performance of both types of physical exercise proved to be a very effective way to mitigate the impacts of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in the Slc2a4+/- mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rosetto Muñoz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - José Diego Botezelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Calais Gaspar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alisson L da Rocha
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan Fudoli Lins Vieira
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moreira Crisol
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Rosseto Braga
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brandemarte Severino
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel Calheiros Antunes
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Q Brunetto
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso D Ramos
- Biomedical Engineering Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Radiology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Lício Augusto Velloso
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, 13084-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Moreira Simabuco
- Multidisciplinary Laboratory of Food and Health (LabMAS), School of Applied Sciences (FCA), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro Pereira de Moura
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Ribeirão, Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Rochete Ropelle
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Obesity and Diabetes, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dennys Esper Cintra
- Laboratory of Nutritional Genomics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira,, São Paulo, Brazil
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Rodrigo Pauli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Exercise, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, São Paulo, Brazil.
- OCRC - Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Obesity and Diabetes, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas , São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Dreher SI, Irmler M, Pivovarova-Ramich O, Kessler K, Jürchott K, Sticht C, Fritsche L, Schneeweiss P, Machann J, Pfeiffer AFH, Hrabě de Angelis M, Beckers J, Birkenfeld AL, Peter A, Niess AM, Weigert C, Moller A. Acute and long-term exercise adaptation of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in humans: a matched transcriptomics approach after 8-week training-intervention. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:313-324. [PMID: 36774413 PMCID: PMC10113153 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise exerts many health benefits by directly inducing molecular alterations in physically utilized skeletal muscle. Molecular adaptations of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) might also contribute to the prevention of metabolic diseases. AIM To characterize the response of human SCAT based on changes in transcripts and mitochondrial respiration to acute and repeated bouts of exercise in comparison to skeletal muscle. METHODS Sedentary participants (27 ± 4 yrs) with overweight or obesity underwent 8-week supervised endurance exercise 3×1h/week at 80% VO2peak. Before, 60 min after the first and last exercise bout and 5 days post intervention, biopsies were taken for transcriptomic analyses and high-resolution respirometry (n = 14, 8 female/6 male). RESULTS In SCAT, we found 37 acutely regulated transcripts (FC > 1.2, FDR < 10%) after the first exercise bout compared to 394, respectively, in skeletal muscle. Regulation of only 5 transcripts overlapped between tissues highlighting their differential response. Upstream and enrichment analyses revealed reduced transcripts of lipid uptake, storage and lipogenesis directly after exercise in SCAT and point to β-adrenergic regulation as potential major driver. The data also suggest an exercise-induced modulation of the circadian clock in SCAT. Neither term was associated with transcriptomic changes in skeletal muscle. No evidence for beigeing/browning was found in SCAT along with unchanged respiration. CONCLUSIONS Adipose tissue responds completely distinct from adaptations of skeletal muscle to exercise. The acute and repeated reduction in transcripts of lipid storage and lipogenesis, interconnected with a modulated circadian rhythm, can counteract metabolic syndrome progression toward diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon I Dreher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Irmler
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova-Ramich
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
- Research Group Molecular Nutritional Medicine, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Kessler
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karsten Jürchott
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Next Generation Sequencing Core Facility, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Louise Fritsche
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Patrick Schneeweiss
- Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Machann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), 14558, Nuthetal, Potsdam, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Peter
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas M Niess
- Sports Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cora Weigert
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Anja Moller
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85784, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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21
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Liessem S, Held M, Bisen RS, Haberkern H, Lacin H, Bockemühl T, Ache JM. Behavioral state-dependent modulation of insulin-producing cells in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2023; 33:449-463.e5. [PMID: 36580915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin signaling plays a pivotal role in metabolic control and aging, and insulin accordingly is a key factor in several human diseases. Despite this importance, the in vivo activity dynamics of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) are poorly understood. Here, we characterized the effects of locomotion on the activity of IPCs in Drosophila. Using in vivo electrophysiology and calcium imaging, we found that IPCs were strongly inhibited during walking and flight and that their activity rebounded and overshot after cessation of locomotion. Moreover, IPC activity changed rapidly during behavioral transitions, revealing that IPCs are modulated on fast timescales in behaving animals. Optogenetic activation of locomotor networks ex vivo, in the absence of actual locomotion or changes in hemolymph sugar levels, was sufficient to inhibit IPCs. This demonstrates that the behavioral state-dependent inhibition of IPCs is actively controlled by neuronal pathways and is independent of changes in glucose concentration. By contrast, the overshoot in IPC activity after locomotion was absent ex vivo and after starvation, indicating that it was not purely driven by feedforward signals but additionally required feedback derived from changes in hemolymph sugar concentration. We hypothesize that IPC inhibition during locomotion supports mobilization of fuel stores during metabolically demanding behaviors, while the rebound in IPC activity after locomotion contributes to replenishing muscle glycogen stores. In addition, the rapid dynamics of IPC modulation support a potential role of insulin in the state-dependent modulation of sensorimotor processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Liessem
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martina Held
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rituja S Bisen
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hannah Haberkern
- HHMI Janelia Research Campus, 19700 Helix Drive, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA
| | - Haluk Lacin
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Till Bockemühl
- Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan M Ache
- Neurobiology and Genetics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, Biocenter, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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22
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Abstract
Regular physical activity improves cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health, helps with weight management, improves cognitive and psychosocial functioning, and is associated with reduced mortality related to cancer and diabetes mellitus. However, turnover rates of glucose in the blood increase dramatically during exercise, which often results in either hypoglycaemia or hyperglycaemia as well as increased glycaemic variability in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A complex neuroendocrine response to an acute exercise session helps to maintain circulating levels of glucose in a fairly tight range in healthy individuals, while several abnormal physiological processes and limitations of insulin therapy limit the capacity of people with T1DM to exercise in a normoglycaemic state. Knowledge of the acute and chronic effects of exercise and regular physical activity is critical for the formulation of clinical strategies for the management of insulin and nutrition for active patients with T1DM. Emerging diabetes-related technologies, such as continuous glucose monitors, automated insulin delivery systems and the administration of solubilized glucagon, are demonstrating efficacy for preserving glucose homeostasis during and after exercise in this population of patients. This Review highlights the beneficial effects of regular exercise and details the complex endocrine and metabolic responses to different types of exercise for adults with T1DM. An overview of basic clinical strategies for the preservation of glucose homeostasis using emerging technologies is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Riddell
- Muscle Health Research Centre, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- LMC Diabetes and Endocrinology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Anne L Peters
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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23
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Kurgan N, Stoikos J, Baranowski BJ, Yumol J, Dhaliwal R, Sweezey-Munroe JB, Fajardo VA, Gittings W, Macpherson REK, Klentrou P. Sclerostin Influences Exercise-Induced Adaptations in Body Composition and White Adipose Tissue Morphology in Male Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:541-555. [PMID: 36606556 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Sclerostin is an inhibitor of the osteogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway that also has an endocrine role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and metabolism. Additionally, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) sclerostin content decreases following exercise training (EXT). Therefore, we hypothesized that EXT-induced reductions in adipose tissue sclerostin may play a role in regulating adaptations in body composition and whole-body metabolism. To test this hypothesis, 10-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were either sedentary (SED) or performing 1 hour of treadmill running at ~65% to 70% maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max ) 5 day/week (EXT) for 4 weeks and had subcutaneous injections of either saline (C) or recombinant sclerostin (S) (0.1 mg/kg body mass) 5 day/week; thus, making four groups (SED-C, EXT-C, SED-S, and EXT-S; n = 12/group). No differences in body mass were observed between experimental groups, whereas food intake was higher in EXT (p = 0.03) and S (p = 0.08) groups. There was a higher resting energy expenditure in all groups compared to SED-C. EXT-C had increased lean mass and decreased fat mass percentage compared to SED-C and SED-S. No differences in body composition were observed in either the SED-S or EXT-S groups. Lower scWAT (inguinal), epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) (visceral epididymal) mass, and scWAT adipocyte cell size and increased percentage of multilocular cells in scWAT were observed in the EXT-C group compared to SED-C, whereas lower eWAT was only observed in the EXT-S group. EXT mice had increased scWAT low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (Lrp4) and mitochondrial content and sclerostin treatment only inhibited increased Lrp4 content with EXT. Together, these results provide evidence that reductions in resting sclerostin with exercise training may influence associated alterations in energy metabolism and body composition, particularly in scWAT. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley J Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jenalyn Yumol
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Roopan Dhaliwal
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Jake B Sweezey-Munroe
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - William Gittings
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca E K Macpherson
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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24
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Magkos F, Reeds DN, Mittendorfer B. Evolution of the diagnostic value of "the sugar of the blood": hitting the sweet spot to identify alterations in glucose dynamics. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:7-30. [PMID: 35635320 PMCID: PMC9576168 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we provide an overview of the evolution of the definition of hyperglycemia during the past century and the alterations in glucose dynamics that cause fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. We discuss how extensive mechanistic, physiological research into the factors and pathways that regulate the appearance of glucose in the circulation and its uptake and metabolism by tissues and organs has contributed knowledge that has advanced our understanding of different types of hyperglycemia, namely prediabetes and diabetes and their subtypes (impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, combined impaired fasting plasma glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus), their relationships with medical complications, and how to prevent and treat hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faidon Magkos
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Dominic N Reeds
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bettina Mittendorfer
- Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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25
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Islam H, Gillen JB. Skeletal muscle mechanisms contributing to improved glycemic control following intense interval exercise and training. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 5:20-28. [PMID: 36994179 PMCID: PMC10040385 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High-intensity and sprint interval training (HIIT and SIT, respectively) enhance insulin sensitivity and glycemic control in both healthy adults and those with cardiometabolic diseases. The beneficial effects of intense interval training on glycemic control include both improvements seen in the hours to days following a single session of HIIT/SIT and those which accrue with chronic training. Skeletal muscle is the largest site of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and plays an integral role in the beneficial effects of exercise on glycemic control. Here we summarize the skeletal muscle responses that contribute to improved glycemic control during and following a single session of interval exercise and evaluate the relationship between skeletal muscle remodelling and improved insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT training interventions. Recent evidence suggests that targeting skeletal muscle mechanisms via nutritional interventions around exercise, particularly with carbohydrate manipulation, can enhance the acute glycemic benefits of HIIT. There is also some evidence of sex-based differences in the glycemic benefits of intense interval exercise, with blunted responses observed after training in females relative to males. Differences in skeletal muscle metabolism between males and females may contribute to sex differences in insulin sensitivity following HIIT/SIT, but well-controlled studies evaluating purported muscle mechanisms alongside measurement of insulin sensitivity are needed. Given the greater representation of males in muscle physiology literature, there is also a need for more research involving female-only cohorts to enhance our basic understanding of how intense interval training influences muscle insulin sensitivity in females across the lifespan.
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26
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Alheidous S, Al-Muraikhy S, Rizk N, Sellami M, Donati F, Botre F, Al-Mansoori L, Elrayess MA. Effect of sera from elite athletes on cytokine secretion and insulin signaling in preadipocytes and skeletal muscle cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:943034. [PMID: 36504710 PMCID: PMC9729528 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.943034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The immunomodulatory effect of physical activity can impact insulin signaling differentially in adipose tissues and skeletal muscle cells, depending on sport intensity. In this study, the effect of serum from elite athletes with varying endurance levels and playing different power sports on cytokine secretion and insulin signaling in preadipocyte and skeletal muscle cell lines was investigated. Methods: Preadipocytes (3T3-L1) and skeletal muscle cells (C2C12) were cultured in media containing pooled sera from elite athletes who play high-endurance (HE), high-power (HP), or low-endurance/low-power (LE/LP) sports for 72 h. Secreted cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha) were assessed in the supernatant, and insulin signaling phosphoproteins levels were measured in lysates following treatment using cells multiplex immunoassays. Results: Sera from LE/LP and HP induced TNF-α secretion in C2C12, while serum from HE reduced IL-6 secretion compared to non-athlete serum control. All elite athlete sera groups caused decreased insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells, whereas in C2C12 cells, only HE athlete serum reduced insulin signaling, while LE/LP and HP caused increased insulin sensitivity. Conclusion: Sera from elite athletes of different sport disciplines can affect the inflammatory status and insulin signaling of preadipocytes and myoblasts differently, with risk of developing insulin resistance. Furthermore, investigation of the functional relevance of these effects on exercise physiology and pathophysiology is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alheidous
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Nasser Rizk
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,Biomedical Sciences Department, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Maha Sellami
- Physical Education Department (PE), College of Education, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Francesco Botre
- Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana (FMSI), Rome, Italy,REDs-Research and Expertise in AntiDoping Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Layla Al-Mansoori
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Layla Al-Mansoori, ; Mohamed A. Elrayess,
| | - Mohamed A. Elrayess
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar,*Correspondence: Layla Al-Mansoori, ; Mohamed A. Elrayess,
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27
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Lagacé JC, Paquin J, Tremblay R, St-Martin P, Tessier D, Plourde M, Riesco E, Dionne IJ. The Influence of Family History of Type 2 Diabetes on Metabolism during Submaximal Aerobic Exercise and in the Recovery Period in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2022; 14:4638. [PMID: 36364900 PMCID: PMC9653898 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and family history of type 2 diabetes (T2D) are known risk factors of T2D. Younger first-degree relatives (FDR) of T2D patients have shown early metabolic alterations, which could limit exercise's ability to prevent T2D. Thus, the objective was to determine whether exercise metabolism was altered during submaximal exercise in FDR postmenopausal women. Nineteen inactive postmenopausal women (control: 10, FDR: 9) aged 60 to 75 years old underwent an incremental test on a cycle ergometer with intensity ranging from 40 to 70% of peak power output. Participants consumed 50 mg of 13C-palmitate 2 h before the test. At the end of each stage, glucose, lactate, glycerol, non-esterified fatty acids and 13C-palmitate were measured in plasma, and 13CO2 was measured in breath samples. Gas exchanges and heart rate were both monitored continuously. There were no between-group differences in substrate oxidation, plasma substrate concentrations or 13C recovered in plasma or breath. Interestingly, despite exercising at a similar relative intensity to control, FDR were consistently at a lower percentage of heart rate reserve. Overall, substrate plasma concentration and oxidation are not affected by family history of T2D in postmenopausal women and therefore not a participating mechanism in the altered response to exercise previously reported. More studies are required to better understand the mechanisms involved in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Lagacé
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Jasmine Paquin
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Renaud Tremblay
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Philippe St-Martin
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Daniel Tessier
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Mélanie Plourde
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Eléonor Riesco
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Isabelle J. Dionne
- Research Centre on Aging, Affiliated with CIUSSS de l’Estrie-CHUS, 1036, Rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Faculty of Physical Activity Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, 2500, Boul. De l’Université, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
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28
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Draicchio F, Behrends V, Tillin NA, Hurren NM, Sylow L, Mackenzie R. Involvement of the extracellular matrix and integrin signalling proteins in skeletal muscle glucose uptake. J Physiol 2022; 600:4393-4408. [PMID: 36054466 PMCID: PMC9826115 DOI: 10.1113/jp283039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-body euglycaemia is partly maintained by two cellular processes that encourage glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, the insulin- and contraction-stimulated pathways, with research suggesting convergence between these two processes. The normal structural integrity of the skeletal muscle requires an intact actin cytoskeleton as well as integrin-associated proteins, and thus those structures are likely fundamental for effective glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. In contrast, excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling and integrin expression in skeletal muscle may contribute to insulin resistance owing to an increased physical barrier causing reduced nutrient and hormonal flux. This review explores the role of the ECM and the actin cytoskeleton in insulin- and contraction-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. This is a clinically important area of research given that defects in the structural integrity of the ECM and integrin-associated proteins may contribute to loss of muscle function and decreased glucose uptake in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvia Draicchio
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Volker Behrends
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Neale A. Tillin
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Nicholas M. Hurren
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Molecular Metabolism in Cancer & Ageing Research GroupDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- School of Life and Health SciencesWhitelands CollegeUniversity of RoehamptonLondonUK
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29
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Ryu HS, So WY. The Effects of 24 Weeks of Non-Face-to-Face Home Exercise on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Cardiovascular Function, and Blood Profiles in Pre-Metabolic Syndrome Korean Adults: A Pilot Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10101963. [PMID: 36292410 PMCID: PMC9601698 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study assessed Korean residents’ health improvements by reducing chronic disease morbidity through customized health management. After identifying each participant’s strength and health through physical examinations and blood pressure tests, the effects of 24 weeks of online, non-face-to-face home workouts on body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, and blood profiles in Korean adults with pre-metabolic syndrome were determined. Methods: Adults living in Chungcheongbuk-do, aged 19−65, and at the pre-metabolic syndrome stage were recruited at the Jeungpyeong-gun Public Health Center, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea. For 24 weeks, from February 2022 to July 2022, they exercised for 60−70 min, three times a week, on average, at a maximum heart rate of 60−70%. The “Mobile Healthcare” application was used to record exercise time, number of exercises, number of sets, and Rating of Perceived Exertion at the end of each exercise. Body composition, physical fitness, cardiovascular function, and blood profiles were measured before and after participation. Results: There were no significant differences in weight, body mass index, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, resting heart rate levels, or glucose levels after participation in the workout (p > 0.05). However, muscle strength/handgrip strength, sitting-rising test results, single-leg balance, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Although the 24 weeks of non-face-to-face home workouts did not positively affect body composition or cardiovascular function, it improved physical fitness and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wi-Young So
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-43-841-5991; Fax: +82-43-841-5990
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30
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Blazev R, Carl CS, Ng YK, Molendijk J, Voldstedlund CT, Zhao Y, Xiao D, Kueh AJ, Miotto PM, Haynes VR, Hardee JP, Chung JD, McNamara JW, Qian H, Gregorevic P, Oakhill JS, Herold MJ, Jensen TE, Lisowski L, Lynch GS, Dodd GT, Watt MJ, Yang P, Kiens B, Richter EA, Parker BL. Phosphoproteomics of three exercise modalities identifies canonical signaling and C18ORF25 as an AMPK substrate regulating skeletal muscle function. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1561-1577.e9. [PMID: 35882232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exercise induces signaling networks to improve muscle function and confer health benefits. To identify divergent and common signaling networks during and after different exercise modalities, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis of human skeletal muscle from a cross-over intervention of endurance, sprint, and resistance exercise. This identified 5,486 phosphosites regulated during or after at least one type of exercise modality and only 420 core phosphosites common to all exercise. One of these core phosphosites was S67 on the uncharacterized protein C18ORF25, which we validated as an AMPK substrate. Mice lacking C18ORF25 have reduced skeletal muscle fiber size, exercise capacity, and muscle contractile function, and this was associated with reduced phosphorylation of contractile and Ca2+ handling proteins. Expression of C18ORF25 S66/67D phospho-mimetic reversed the decreased muscle force production. This work defines the divergent and canonical exercise phosphoproteome across different modalities and identifies C18ORF25 as a regulator of exercise signaling and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Blazev
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian S Carl
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yaan-Kit Ng
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Molendijk
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian T Voldstedlund
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Di Xiao
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Haynes
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jin D Chung
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James W McNamara
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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31
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Takahashi K, Kitaoka Y, Hatta H. Effects of endurance training on metabolic enzyme activity and transporter protein levels in the skeletal muscles of orchiectomized mice. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:14. [PMID: 35768774 PMCID: PMC10717707 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00839-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether endurance training attenuates orchiectomy (ORX)-induced metabolic alterations. At 7 days of recovery after sham operation or ORX surgery, the mice were randomized to remain sedentary or undergo 5 weeks of treadmill running training (15-20 m/min, 60 min, 5 days/week). ORX decreased glycogen concentration in the gastrocnemius muscle, enhanced phosphofructokinase activity in the plantaris muscle, and decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity in the plantaris and soleus muscles. Mitochondrial enzyme activities and protein content in the plantaris and soleus muscles were also decreased after ORX, but preserved, in part, by endurance training. In the treadmill running test (15 m/min, 60 min) after 4 weeks of training, orchiectomized sedentary mice showed impaired exercise performance, which was restored by endurance training. Thus, endurance training could be a potential therapeutic strategy to prevent the hypoandrogenism-induced decline in muscle mitochondrial content and physical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenya Takahashi
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Yu Kitaoka
- Department of Human Sciences, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 221-8686, Japan
| | - Hideo Hatta
- Department of Sports Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
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