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Voldstedlund CT, Sjøberg KA, Schlabs FL, Sigvardsen CM, Andersen NR, Holst JJ, Hartmann B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Kiens B, McConell GK, Richter EA. Exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity in men is amplified when assessed using a meal test. Diabetologia 2024:10.1007/s00125-024-06148-x. [PMID: 38662135 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-024-06148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Exercise has a profound effect on insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. The euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC) is the gold standard for assessment of insulin sensitivity but it does not reflect the hyperglycaemia that occurs after eating a meal. In previous EHC investigations, it has been shown that the interstitial glucose concentration in muscle is decreased to a larger extent in previously exercised muscle than in rested muscle. This suggests that previously exercised muscle may increase its glucose uptake more than rested muscle if glucose supply is increased by hyperglycaemia. Therefore, we hypothesised that the exercise-induced increase in muscle insulin sensitivity would appear greater after eating a meal than previously observed with the EHC. METHODS Ten recreationally active men performed dynamic one-legged knee extensor exercise for 1 h. Following this, both femoral veins and one femoral artery were cannulated. Subsequently, 4 h after exercise, a solid meal followed by two liquid meals were ingested over 1 h and glucose uptake in the two legs was measured for 3 h. Muscle biopsies from both legs were obtained before the meal test and 90 min after the meal test was initiated. Data obtained in previous studies using the EHC (n=106 participants from 13 EHC studies) were used for comparison with the meal-test data obtained in this study. RESULTS Plasma glucose and insulin peaked 45 min after initiation of the meal test. Following the meal test, leg glucose uptake and glucose clearance increased twice as much in the exercised leg than in the rested leg; this difference is twice as big as that observed in previous investigations using EHCs. Glucose uptake in the rested leg plateaued after 15 min, alongside elevated muscle glucose 6-phosphate levels, suggestive of compromised muscle glucose metabolism. In contrast, glucose uptake in the exercised leg plateaued 45 min after initiation of the meal test and there were no signs of compromised glucose metabolism. Phosphorylation of the TBC1 domain family member 4 (TBC1D4; p-TBC1D4Ser704) and glycogen synthase activity were greater in the exercised leg compared with the rested leg. Muscle interstitial glucose concentration increased with ingestion of meals, although it was 16% lower in the exercised leg than in the rested leg. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Hyperglycaemia after meal ingestion results in larger differences in muscle glucose uptake between rested and exercised muscle than previously observed during EHCs. These findings indicate that the ability of exercise to increase insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake is even greater when evaluated with a meal test than has previously been shown with EHCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian T Voldstedlund
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Farina L Schlabs
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Casper M Sigvardsen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glenn K McConell
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Carl CS, Jensen MM, Sjøberg KA, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Hill IR, Kjøbsted R, Greenhaff PL, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Fritzen AM, Kiens B. Pharmacological activation of PDC flux reverses lipid-induced inhibition of insulin action in muscle during recovery from exercise. Diabetes 2024:db230879. [PMID: 38608261 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. However, following exercise high circulating fatty acid (FA) levels might counteract this. We hypothesized that such inhibition would be reduced by forcibly increasing carbohydrate oxidation through pharmacological activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was examined with a cross-over design in healthy young men (n = 8) in a previously exercised and a rested leg during a hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamp five hours after one-legged exercise with: 1) infusion of saline, 2) infusion of intralipid imitating circulating FA levels during recovery from whole-body exercise, and 3) infusion of intralipid + oral PDC-activator, dichloroacetate (DCA). Intralipid infusion reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 19% in the previously exercised leg, which was not observed in the contralateral rested leg. Interestingly, this effect of intralipid in the exercised leg was abolished by DCA, which increased muscle PDC activity (130%) and flux (acetylcarnitine 130%) and decreased inhibitory phosphorylation of PDC on Ser293 (∼40%) and Ser300 (∼80%). Novel insight is provided into the regulatory interaction between glucose and lipid metabolism during exercise recovery. Coupling exercise and PDC flux activation upregulated the capacity for both glucose transport (exercise) and oxidation (DCA), which seems necessary to fully stimulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Carl
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie M Jensen
- Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dumitru Constantin-Teodosiu
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Ian R Hill
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- David Greenfield Human Physiology Laboratory, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lyster AE, Hansen SL, Andersen CT, Nielsen JB, Westerterp K, Wouters L, Kiens B, Ritterband-Rosenbaum A. Oral Motor Impairments Contribute to Weight Status of Adults with Severe Cerebral Palsy. Nutrients 2023; 15:5042. [PMID: 38140301 PMCID: PMC10745858 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Adults with severe cerebral palsy (CP) are susceptible to malnutrition and metabolic disorders due to limited daily physical activity and challenges related to eating. We hypothesized that the condition of being underweight arises from inadequate energy intake due to difficulties in eating, rather than heightened total energy expenditure or an elevated resting metabolic rate. The present study encompassed 17 adults with severe CP (classified as GMFSC III-V). Energy intake, utilization, and expenditure were gauged via thorough dietary recordings and double-labeled water (DLW) analyses. Resting metabolic rates were assessed through indirect calorimetry, and metabolic health was investigated via blood samples. Oral motor function, eating assessment during meals, and weight fluctuations throughout the experimental period were also evaluated. We found significant correlations between weight, oral impairments (p < 0.01), and eating difficulties (p < 0.05). While total energy expenditure and daily consumption were similar between underweight (UW) and overweight (OW) individuals, significant variability in both expenditure and intake was evident within the UW group. Particularly, those with lower BMIs experienced heightened mealtime impairments and complications. Our present findings indicate that eating difficulties are the central concern for UW status in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslak Emil Lyster
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.E.L.); (B.K.)
| | - Solvejg Lis Hansen
- Elsass Foundation, Holmegaardsvej 28, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark; (S.L.H.); (C.T.A.); (J.B.N.)
| | | | - Jens Bo Nielsen
- Elsass Foundation, Holmegaardsvej 28, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark; (S.L.H.); (C.T.A.); (J.B.N.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaas Westerterp
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, The Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (K.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Loek Wouters
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, The Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (K.W.); (L.W.)
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (A.E.L.); (B.K.)
| | - Anina Ritterband-Rosenbaum
- Elsass Foundation, Holmegaardsvej 28, 2920 Charlottelund, Denmark; (S.L.H.); (C.T.A.); (J.B.N.)
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ternhamar T, Møller A, Martinussen C, Svane MS, Hindsø M, Jørgensen NB, Dirksen C, Jensen JEB, Hartmann B, Holst JJ, Kiens B, Madsbad S, Bojsen-Møller KN. The effects of postprandial exercise and meal glycemic index on plasma glucose and glucoregulatory hormone responses after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E540-E551. [PMID: 37755455 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00176.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial hypoglycemia is a complication of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), but the effects of postprandial exercise and meal glycemic index (GI) on postprandial glucose and glucoregulatory hormone responses are unknown. Ten RYGB-operated and 10 age and weight-matched unoperated women completed four test days in random order ingesting mixed meals with high GI (HGI, GI = 93) or low GI (LGI, GI = 54), but matched on energy and macronutrient content. Ten minutes after meal completion, participants rested or cycled for 30 min at 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max). Blood was collected for 4 h. Postprandial exercise did not lower plasma nadir glucose in RYGB after HGI (HGI/rest 3.7 ± 0.5 vs. HGI/Ex 4.1 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = 0.070). Replacing HGI with LGI meals raised glucose nadir in RYGB (LGI/rest 4.1 ± 0.5 mmol/L, P = 0.034) and reduced glucose excursions (Δpeak-nadir) but less so in RYGB (-14% [95% CI: -27; -1]) compared with controls (-33% [-51; -14]). Insulin responses mirrored glucose concentrations. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses were greater in RYGB versus controls, and higher with HGI versus LGI. Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) responses were greater after HGI versus LGI in both groups. Postexercise glucagon responses were lower in RYGB than controls, and noradrenaline responses tended to be lower in RYGB, whereas adrenaline responses were similar between groups. In conclusion, moderate intensity cycling shortly after meal intake did not increase the risk of postprandial hypoglycemia after RYGB. The low GI meal increased nadir glucose and reduced glucose excursions compared with the high GI meal. RYGB participants had lower postexercise glucagon responses compared with controls.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We investigate the effect of moderate exercise after a high or a low glycemic index meal on nadir glucose and glucoregulatory hormones in gastric bypass-operated individuals and in matched unoperated controls. Cycling shortly after meal intake did not increase the risk of hypoglycemia in operated individuals. The low glycemic index meal increased glucose nadir and reduced excursions compared with the high glycemic index meal. Operated individuals had lower postexercise glucagon responses compared with controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tummas Ternhamar
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Andreas Møller
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Maria S Svane
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Morten Hindsø
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Nils B Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Carsten Dirksen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jens-Erik Beck Jensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bolette Hartmann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
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Lundsgaard AM, Bojsen-Møller KN, Kiens B. Dietary Regulation of Hepatic Triacylglycerol Content-the Role of Eucaloric Carbohydrate Restriction with Fat or Protein Replacement. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:1359-1373. [PMID: 37591342 PMCID: PMC10721463 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hepatic triacylglycerol (TG) is highly associated with impaired whole-body insulin-glucose homeostasis and dyslipidemia. The summarized findings from human intervention studies investigating the effect of reduced dietary carbohydrate and increased fat intake (and in studies also increased protein) while maintaining energy intake at eucaloric requirements reveal a beneficial effect of carbohydrate reduction on hepatic TG content in obese individuals with steatosis and indices of insulin resistance. Evidence suggests that the reduction of hepatic TG content after reduced intake of carbohydrates and increased fat/protein intake in humans, results from regulation of fatty acid (FA) metabolism within the liver, with an increase in hepatic FA oxidation and ketogenesis, together with a concomitant downregulation of FA synthesis from de novo lipogenesis. The adaptations in hepatic metabolism may result from reduced intrahepatic monosaccharide and insulin availability, reduced glycolysis and increased FA availability when carbohydrate intake is reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Säll J, Lindahl M, Fritzen AM, Fryklund C, Kopietz F, Nyberg E, Warvsten A, Morén B, Foretz M, Kiens B, Stenkula KG, Göransson O. Salt-inducible kinases are required for glucose uptake and insulin signaling in human adipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2515-2529. [PMID: 37608474 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salt-inducible kinase 2 (SIK2) is abundantly expressed in adipocytes and downregulated in adipose tissue from individuals with obesity or insulin resistance. The main aims of this work were to investigate the involvement of SIKs in the regulation of glucose uptake in primary mature human adipocytes and to identify mechanisms underlying this regulation. METHODS Primary mature adipocytes were isolated from human, rat, or mouse adipose tissue and treated with pan-SIK inhibitors. Adipocytes isolated from wild type, ob/ob, and SIK2 knockout mice were also used. Glucose uptake was examined by glucose tracer assay. The insulin signaling pathway was monitored by Western blotting, co-immunoprecipitation, and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS This study demonstrates that SIK2 is downregulated in obese ob/ob mice and that SIK activity is required for intact glucose uptake in primary human and mouse adipocytes. The underlying mechanism involves direct effects on the insulin signaling pathway, likely at the level of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) generation or breakdown. Moreover, lack of SIK2 alone is sufficient to attenuate glucose uptake in mouse adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS SIK2 is required for insulin action in human adipocytes, and the mechanism includes direct effects on the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Säll
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindahl
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claes Fryklund
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Franziska Kopietz
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emma Nyberg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Warvsten
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Marc Foretz
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, CNRS, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olga Göransson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Poppelreuther M, Lundsgaard A, Mensberg P, Sjøberg K, Vilsbøll T, Kiens B, Füllekrug J. Acyl-CoA synthetase expression in human skeletal muscle is reduced in obesity and insulin resistance. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15817. [PMID: 37726199 PMCID: PMC10509033 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon intramuscular entry, fatty acids are converted to amphiphatic fatty acyl-CoAs by action of the acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enzymes. While it has been reported that insulin resistant skeletal muscle shows an accumulation of fatty acyl-CoAs, the role of the enzymes which catalyze their synthesis is still sparsely studied in human muscle, in particular the influence of obesity, and insulin resistance. We analyzed muscle biopsies obtained from normal weight controls (n = 7, average BMI 24), males/females with obesity (n = 7, average BMI 31), and males/females with obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 7, average BMI 34), for relevant ACS (long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1), -3 (ACSL3) and - 4 (ACSL4), fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) and - 4 (FATP4)). The mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR, and total oleoyl-CoA synthetase activity was measured. In the males/females with obesity and T2D, the response to 16 weeks of exercise training with minor weight loss was evaluated. ACSL1 is the dominantly expressed ACS isoform in human skeletal muscle. The content of total ACS mRNA, as well as ACSL1 mRNA, were lower in muscle of males/females with obesity and T2D. Exercise training in the males/females with obesity and T2D increased the total ACS enzyme activity, along with a lowering of the HOMA-IR index. The capacity for synthesis of fatty acyl-CoAs is lower in skeletal muscle of obese males/females with T2D. This suggests a decreased ability to convert fatty acids to fatty acyl-CoAs, which in turn may affect their entry into storage or metabolic pathways in muscle. Thus, the accumulation of fatty acyl-CoAs in the obese or insulin resistant state that has been shown in previous reports is not likely to result from increased fatty acid acylation. The upregulation of ACS activity by exercise training appears beneficial and occurred concomitantly with increased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete Poppelreuther
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Internal Medicine IVUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
| | - Anne‐Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Kim Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Clinical ResearchSteno Diabetes Center CopenhagenHerlevDenmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Joachim Füllekrug
- Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Internal Medicine IVUniversity of HeidelbergHeidelbergGermany
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Maunder E, Rothschild JA, Fritzen AM, Jordy AB, Kiens B, Brick MJ, Leigh WB, Chang WL, Kilding AE. Skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport influence fatty acid oxidation rates observed during exercise. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:1061-1072. [PMID: 37464190 PMCID: PMC10409849 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Several proteins are implicated in transmembrane fatty acid transport. The purpose of this study was to quantify the variation in fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise explained by skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport. Seventeen endurance-trained males underwent a (i) fasted, incremental cycling test to estimate peak whole-body fatty acid oxidation rate (PFO), (ii) resting vastus lateralis microbiopsy, and (iii) 2 h of fed-state, moderate-intensity cycling to estimate whole-body fatty acid oxidation during fed-state exercise (FO). Bivariate correlations and stepwise linear regression models of PFO and FO during 0-30 min (early FO) and 90-120 min (late FO) of continuous cycling were constructed using muscle data. To assess the causal role of transmembrane fatty acid transport in fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise, we measured fatty acid oxidation during in vivo exercise and ex vivo contractions in wild-type and CD36 knock-out mice. We observed a novel, positive association between vastus lateralis FATP1 and PFO and replicated work reporting a positive association between FABPpm and PFO. The stepwise linear regression model of PFO retained CD36, FATP1, FATP4, and FABPpm, explaining ~87% of the variation. Models of early and late FO explained ~61 and ~65% of the variation, respectively. FATP1 and FATP4 emerged as contributors to models of PFO and FO. Mice lacking CD36 had impaired whole-body and muscle fatty acid oxidation during exercise and muscle contractions, respectively. These data suggest that substantial variation in fatty acid oxidation rates during exercise can be explained by skeletal muscle proteins involved in fatty acid transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Maunder
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jeffrey A Rothschild
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Jordy
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthew J Brick
- Orthosports North Harbour, AUT Millennium, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Warren B Leigh
- Orthosports North Harbour, AUT Millennium, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wee-Leong Chang
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew E Kilding
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Pham T, Dollet L, Ali MS, Raun SH, Møller LL, Jafari A, Ditzel N, Andersen NR, Fritzen AM, Gerhart-Hines Z, Kiens B, Suomalainen A, Simpson SJ, Salling Olsen M, Kieser A, Schjerling P, Nieminen AI, Richter EA, Havula E, Sylow L. TNIK is a conserved regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf7119. [PMID: 37556547 PMCID: PMC10411879 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf7119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are growing health challenges with unmet treatment needs. Traf2- and NCK-interacting protein kinase (TNIK) is a recently identified obesity- and T2D-associated gene with unknown functions. We show that TNIK governs lipid and glucose homeostasis in Drosophila and mice. Loss of the Drosophila ortholog of TNIK, misshapen, altered the metabolite profiles and impaired de novo lipogenesis in high sugar-fed larvae. Tnik knockout mice exhibited hyperlocomotor activity and were protected against diet-induced fat expansion, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. The improved lipid profile of Tnik knockout mice was accompanied by enhanced skeletal muscle and adipose tissue insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and glucose and lipid handling. Using the T2D Knowledge Portal and the UK Biobank, we observed associations of TNIK variants with blood glucose, HbA1c, body mass index, body fat percentage, and feeding behavior. These results define an untapped paradigm of TNIK-controlled glucose and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. C. Phung Pham
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lucile Dollet
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona S. Ali
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H. Raun
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L. V. Møller
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abbas Jafari
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Ditzel
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Biomedical Laboratory, The Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R. Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M. Fritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anu Suomalainen
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Stephen J. Simpson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2006, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, 2006, Australia
| | - Morten Salling Olsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Building 9312, Henrik Harpestrengs Vej 4C, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnd Kieser
- Helmholtz Centre Munich–German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery M, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anni I. Nieminen
- FIMM Metabolomics Unit, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Essi Havula
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Kanta JM, Deisen L, Johann K, Holm S, Lundsgaard A, Lund J, Jähnert M, Schürmann A, Clemmensen C, Kiens B, Fritzen AM, Kleinert M. Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Reduce Food Intake via the GDF15-GFRAL Axis in Mice. Mol Metab 2023:101760. [PMID: 37356805 PMCID: PMC10394102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs), which are fatty acids with chain lengths of 8 to 12 carbon atoms, have been shown to reduce food intake in rodents and humans, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Unlike most other fatty acids, MCFAs are absorbed from the intestine into the portal vein and enter first the liver. We thus hypothesized that MCFAs trigger the release of hepatic factors that reduce appetite. METHODS The liver transcriptome in mice that were orally administered MCFAs as C8:0 triacylglycerol (TG) was analyzed. Circulating growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), tissue Gdf15 mRNA and food intake were investigated after acute oral gavage of MCFAs as C8:0 or C10:0 TG in mice. Effects of acute and subchronic administration of MCFAs as C8:0 TG on food intake and body weight were determined in mice lacking either the receptor for GDF15, GDNF Family Receptor Alpha Like (GFRAL), or GDF15. RESULTS Hepatic and small intestinal expression of Gdf15 and circulating GDF15 increased after MCFAs ingestion, while intake of typical dietary long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) had no effect. Plasma GDF15 levels also increased in the portal vein with MCFA intake, indicating that in addition to the liver, the small intestine contributes to the rise in circulating GDF15. Acute oral provision of MCFAs decreased food intake over 24 hours compared with a LCFA-containing bolus, and this anorectic effect required the GDF15 receptor, GFRAL. Moreover, subchronic oral administration of MCFAs reduced body weight over 7 days, an effect that was blunted in mice lacking either GDF15 or GFRAL. CONCLUSIONS We have identified ingestion of MCFAs as a novel nutritional approach that increases circulating GDF15 in mice and have revealed that the GDF15-GFRAL axis is required for the full anorectic effect of MCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine M Kanta
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luisa Deisen
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Kornelia Johann
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephanie Holm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Lundsgaard
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Markus Jähnert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), 14558 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich, Germany; Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), 14558 Potsdam, Germany; Institute of Nutrition Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; Faculty of Health Sciences, Joint Faculty of the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, The Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane and The University of Potsdam, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- The August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Munich, Germany.
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11
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Hingst JR, Onslev JD, Holm S, Kjøbsted R, Frøsig C, Kido K, Steenberg DE, Larsen MR, Kristensen JM, Carl CS, Sjøberg K, Thong FSL, Derave W, Pehmøller C, Brandt N, McConell G, Jensen J, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. Insulin Sensitization Following a Single Exercise Bout Is Uncoupled to Glycogen in Human Skeletal Muscle: A Meta-analysis of 13 Single-Center Human Studies. Diabetes 2022; 71:2237-2250. [PMID: 36265014 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Exercise profoundly influences glycemic control by enhancing muscle insulin sensitivity, thus promoting glucometabolic health. While prior glycogen breakdown so far has been deemed integral for muscle insulin sensitivity to be potentiated by exercise, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain enigmatic. We have combined original data from 13 of our studies that investigated insulin action in skeletal muscle either under rested conditions or following a bout of one-legged knee extensor exercise in healthy young male individuals (n = 106). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was potentiated and occurred substantially faster in the prior contracted muscles. In this otherwise homogenous group of individuals, a remarkable biological diversity in the glucometabolic responses to insulin is apparent both in skeletal muscle and at the whole-body level. In contrast to the prevailing concept, our analyses reveal that insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake and the potentiation thereof by exercise are not associated with muscle glycogen synthase activity, muscle glycogen content, or degree of glycogen utilization during the preceding exercise bout. Our data further suggest that the phenomenon of improved insulin sensitivity in prior contracted muscle is not regulated in a homeostatic feedback manner from glycogen. Instead, we put forward the idea that this phenomenon is regulated by cellular allostatic mechanisms that elevate the muscle glycogen storage set point and enhance insulin sensitivity to promote the uptake of glucose toward faster glycogen resynthesis without development of glucose overload/toxicity or feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne R Hingst
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan D Onslev
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Holm
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Frøsig
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kohei Kido
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte E Steenberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Magnus R Larsen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Strini Carl
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Sjøberg
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Farah S L Thong
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Derave
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Brandt
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Glenn McConell
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Kiens
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- The August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Blazev R, Carl CS, Ng YK, Molendijk J, Voldstedlund CT, Zhao Y, Xiao D, Kueh AJ, Miotto PM, Haynes VR, Hardee JP, Chung JD, McNamara JW, Qian H, Gregorevic P, Oakhill JS, Herold MJ, Jensen TE, Lisowski L, Lynch GS, Dodd GT, Watt MJ, Yang P, Kiens B, Richter EA, Parker BL. Phosphoproteomics of three exercise modalities identifies canonical signaling and C18ORF25 as an AMPK substrate regulating skeletal muscle function. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1561-1577.e9. [PMID: 35882232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Exercise induces signaling networks to improve muscle function and confer health benefits. To identify divergent and common signaling networks during and after different exercise modalities, we performed a phosphoproteomic analysis of human skeletal muscle from a cross-over intervention of endurance, sprint, and resistance exercise. This identified 5,486 phosphosites regulated during or after at least one type of exercise modality and only 420 core phosphosites common to all exercise. One of these core phosphosites was S67 on the uncharacterized protein C18ORF25, which we validated as an AMPK substrate. Mice lacking C18ORF25 have reduced skeletal muscle fiber size, exercise capacity, and muscle contractile function, and this was associated with reduced phosphorylation of contractile and Ca2+ handling proteins. Expression of C18ORF25 S66/67D phospho-mimetic reversed the decreased muscle force production. This work defines the divergent and canonical exercise phosphoproteome across different modalities and identifies C18ORF25 as a regulator of exercise signaling and muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronnie Blazev
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian S Carl
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yaan-Kit Ng
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Molendijk
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christian T Voldstedlund
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Di Xiao
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paula M Miotto
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Vanessa R Haynes
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Justin P Hardee
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jin D Chung
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - James W McNamara
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Melbourne Centre for Cardiovascular Genomics and Regenerative Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leszek Lisowski
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Garron T Dodd
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew J Watt
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section for Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, The University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Muscle Research, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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13
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Li VL, He Y, Contrepois K, Liu H, Kim JT, Wiggenhorn AL, Tanzo JT, Tung ASH, Lyu X, Zushin PJH, Jansen RS, Michael B, Loh KY, Yang AC, Carl CS, Voldstedlund CT, Wei W, Terrell SM, Moeller BC, Arthur RM, Wallis GA, van de Wetering K, Stahl A, Kiens B, Richter EA, Banik SM, Snyder MP, Xu Y, Long JZ. An exercise-inducible metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. Nature 2022; 606:785-790. [PMID: 35705806 PMCID: PMC9767481 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04828-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Exercise confers protection against obesity, type 2 diabetes and other cardiometabolic diseases1-5. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms that mediate the metabolic benefits of physical activity remain unclear6. Here we show that exercise stimulates the production of N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe), a blood-borne signalling metabolite that suppresses feeding and obesity. The biosynthesis of Lac-Phe from lactate and phenylalanine occurs in CNDP2+ cells, including macrophages, monocytes and other immune and epithelial cells localized to diverse organs. In diet-induced obese mice, pharmacological-mediated increases in Lac-Phe reduces food intake without affecting movement or energy expenditure. Chronic administration of Lac-Phe decreases adiposity and body weight and improves glucose homeostasis. Conversely, genetic ablation of Lac-Phe biosynthesis in mice increases food intake and obesity following exercise training. Last, large activity-inducible increases in circulating Lac-Phe are also observed in humans and racehorses, establishing this metabolite as a molecular effector associated with physical activity across multiple activity modalities and mammalian species. These data define a conserved exercise-inducible metabolite that controls food intake and influences systemic energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica L Li
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yang He
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kévin Contrepois
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hailan Liu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joon T Kim
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda L Wiggenhorn
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Julia T Tanzo
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuchao Lyu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Peter-James H Zushin
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert S Jansen
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Basil Michael
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew C Yang
- Department of Anatomy and the Bakar Aging Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christian S Carl
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian T Voldstedlund
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Terrell
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin C Moeller
- Maddy Equine Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rick M Arthur
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gareth A Wallis
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Koen van de Wetering
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andreas Stahl
- Department of Nutrition and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bente Kiens
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- August Krogh Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven M Banik
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yong Xu
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Jonathan Z Long
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Knudsen JR, Persson KW, Meister J, Carl CS, Raun SH, Andersen NR, Sylow L, Kiens B, Jensen TE, Richter EA, Kleinert M. Exercise increases phosphorylation of the putative mTORC2 activity readout NDRG1 in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E63-E73. [PMID: 34866401 PMCID: PMC8759970 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00389.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In mice, exercise is suggested to activate the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) in skeletal muscle, and mTORC2 is required for normal muscle glucose uptake during exercise. Whether this translates to human skeletal muscle and what signaling pathways facilitate the exercise-induced mTORC2 activation is unknown. We herein tested the hypothesis that exercise increases mTORC2 activity in human skeletal muscle and investigated if β2-adrenergic receptor (AR) activation mediates exercise-induced mTORC2 activation. We examined several mTORC2 activity readouts (p-NDRG1 Thr346, p-Akt Ser473, p-mTOR S2481, and p-Akt Thr450) in human skeletal muscle biopsies after uphill walking or cycling exercise. In mouse muscles, we assessed mTORC2 activity readouts following acute activation of muscle β2-adrenergic or GS signaling and during in vivo and ex vivo muscle contractions. Exercise increased phosphorylation of NDRG1 Thr346 in human soleus, gastrocnemius, and vastus lateralis muscle, without changing p-Akt Ser473, p-Akt Thr450, and p-mTOR Ser2481. In mouse muscle, stimulation of β2-adrenergic or GS signaling and ex vivo contractions failed to increase p-NDRG1 Thr346, whereas in vivo contractions were sufficient to induce p-NDRG1 Thr346. In conclusion, the mTORC2 activity readout p-NDRG1 Thr346 is a novel exercise-responsive signaling protein in human skeletal muscle. Notably, contraction-induced p-NDRG1 Thr346 appears to require a systemic factor. Unlike exercise, and in contrast to published data obtained in cultured muscles cells, stimulation of β2-adrenergic signaling is not sufficient to trigger NDRG1 phosphorylation in mature mouse skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mTORC2 readout p-NDRG Thr346 is a novel exercise-responsive protein in human skeletal muscle. β2-AR and GS signaling are not sufficient to induce mTORC2 signaling in adult muscle. In vivo, but not ex vivo, contraction induced p-NDRG Thr346, which indicates requirement of a systemic factor for exercise-induced mTORC2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R Knudsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaspar W Persson
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaroslawna Meister
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christian S Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Muscle Physiology and Metabolism Group, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
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15
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de Sousa MV, Lundsgaard AM, Christensen PM, Christensen L, Randers MB, Mohr M, Nybo L, Kiens B, Fritzen AM. Nutritional optimization for female elite football players-topical review. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 32 Suppl 1:81-104. [PMID: 34865242 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Women's football is an intermittent sport characterized by frequent intense actions throughout the match. The high number of matches with limited recovery time played across a long competitive season underlines the importance of nutritional strategies to meet these large physical demands. In order to maximize sport performance and maintain good health, energy intake must be optimal. However, a considerable proportion of female elite football players does not have sufficient energy intake to match the energy expenditure, resulting in low energy availability that might have detrimental physiologic consequences and impair performance. Carbohydrates appear to be the primary fuel covering the total energy supply during match-play, and female elite football players should aim to consume sufficient carbohydrates to meet the requirements of their training program and to optimize the replenishment of muscle glycogen stores between training bouts and matches. However, several macro- and micronutrients are important for ensuring sufficient energy and nutrients for performance optimization and for overall health status in female elite football players. The inadequacy of macro-and micronutrients in the diet of these athletes may impair performance and training adaptations, and increase the risk of health disorders, compromising the player's professional career. In this topical review, we present knowledge and relevant nutritional recommendations for elite female football players for the benefit of sports nutritionists, dietitians, sports scientists, healthcare specialists, and applied researchers. We focus on dietary intake and cover the most pertinent topics in sports nutrition for the relevant physical demands in female elite football players as follows: energy intake, macronutrient and micronutrient requirements and optimal composition of the everyday diet, nutritional and hydration strategies to optimize performance and recovery, potential ergogenic effects of authorized relevant supplements, and future research considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maysa V de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation, LIM-18, Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Obesity Research, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,School of Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magni Mohr
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Centre of Health Science, Faculty of Health, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Lars Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Hundahl C, Kotzbeck P, Burm HB, Christiansen SH, Torz L, Helge AW, Madsen MP, Ratner C, Serup AK, Thompson JJ, Eichmann TO, Pers TH, Woldbye DPD, Piomelli D, Kiens B, Zechner R, Skov LJ, Holst B. Hypothalamic hormone-sensitive lipase regulates appetite and energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101174. [PMID: 33549847 PMCID: PMC7903013 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the importance of central hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) expression in the regulation of food intake and body weight in mice to clarify whether intracellular lipolysis in the mammalian hypothalamus plays a role in regulating appetite. Methods Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, we investigated the role of HSL in the rodent brain in the regulation of feeding and energy homeostasis under basal conditions during acute stress and high-fat diet feeding. Results We found that HSL, a key enzyme in the catabolism of cellular lipid stores, is expressed in the appetite-regulating centers in the hypothalamus and is activated by acute stress through a mechanism similar to that observed in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Inhibition of HSL in rodent models by a synthetic ligand, global knockout, or brain-specific deletion of HSL prevents a decrease in food intake normally seen in response to acute stress and is associated with the increased expression of orexigenic peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP). Increased food intake can be reversed by adeno-associated virus-mediated reintroduction of HSL in neurons of the mediobasal hypothalamus. Importantly, metabolic stress induced by a high-fat diet also enhances the hyperphagic phenotype of HSL-deficient mice. Specific deletion of HSL in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH) or AgRP neurons reveals that HSL in the VMH plays a role in both acute stress-induced food intake and high-fat diet-induced obesity. Conclusions Our results indicate that HSL activity in the mediobasal hypothalamus is involved in the acute reduction in food intake during the acute stress response and sensing of a high-fat diet. HSL is expressed in appetite-regulating nuclei of the mouse hypothalamus. HSL in the hypothalamus is activated via β-adrenergic receptor signaling. The anorexic response to acute stress is blunted in mice without hypothalamic HSL. Central HSL deficiency results in obesity in mice on a high-fat diet. HSL in SF1-positive neurons contributes to the anorexigenic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Hundahl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hayley B Burm
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Søren H Christiansen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lola Torz
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Aske W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martin P Madsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Ratner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jonatan J Thompson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas O Eichmann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria; Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - David P D Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Center for Explorative Lipidomics, BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Louise J Skov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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17
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Deshmukh AS, Steenberg DE, Hostrup M, Birk JB, Larsen JK, Santos A, Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Schéele CC, Murgia M, Kiens B, Richter EA, Mann M, Wojtaszewski JFP. Deep muscle-proteomic analysis of freeze-dried human muscle biopsies reveals fiber type-specific adaptations to exercise training. Nat Commun 2021; 12:304. [PMID: 33436631 PMCID: PMC7803955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle conveys several of the health-promoting effects of exercise; yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Studying skeletal muscle is challenging due to its different fiber types and the presence of non-muscle cells. This can be circumvented by isolation of single muscle fibers. Here, we develop a workflow enabling proteomics analysis of pools of isolated muscle fibers from freeze-dried human muscle biopsies. We identify more than 4000 proteins in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. Exercise training alters expression of 237 and 172 proteins in slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers, respectively. Interestingly, expression levels of secreted proteins and proteins involved in transcription, mitochondrial metabolism, Ca2+ signaling, and fat and glucose metabolism adapts to training in a fiber type-specific manner. Our data provide a resource to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying muscle function and health, and our workflow allows fiber type-specific proteomic analyses of snap-frozen non-embedded human muscle biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Deshmukh
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metablic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - D E Steenberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hostrup
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J K Larsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metablic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Santos
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C C Schéele
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metablic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Murgia
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - B Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Mann
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - J F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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18
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Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Sjøberg KA, Kleinert M, Richter EA, Kiens B. Small Amounts of Dietary Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against Insulin Resistance During Caloric Excess in Humans. Diabetes 2021; 70:91-98. [PMID: 33122393 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) have in rodents been shown to have protective effects on glucose homeostasis during high-fat overfeeding. In this study, we investigated whether dietary MCFAs protect against insulin resistance induced by a hypercaloric high-fat diet in humans. Healthy, lean men ingested a eucaloric control diet and a 3-day hypercaloric high-fat diet (increase of 75% in energy, 81-83% energy [E%] from fat) in randomized order. For one group (n = 8), the high-fat diet was enriched with saturated long-chain FAs (LCSFA-HFD), while the other group (n = 9) ingested a matched diet, but with ∼30 g (5E%) saturated MCFAs (MCSFA-HFD) in substitution for a corresponding fraction of the saturated long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs). A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with femoral arteriovenous balance and glucose tracer was applied after the control and hypercaloric diets. In LCSFA-HFD, whole-body insulin sensitivity and peripheral insulin-stimulated glucose disposal were reduced. These impairments were prevented in MCSFA-HFD, accompanied by increased basal fatty acid oxidation, maintained glucose metabolic flexibility, increased nonoxidative glucose disposal related to lower starting glycogen content, and increased glycogen synthase activity, together with increased muscle lactate production. In conclusion, substitution of a small amount of dietary LCFAs with MCFAs rescues insulin action in conditions of lipid-induced energy excess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Abstract
Both the consumption of a diet rich in fatty acids and exercise training result in similar adaptations in several skeletal muscle proteins. These adaptations are involved in fatty acid uptake and activation within the myocyte, the mitochondrial import of fatty acids and further metabolism of fatty acids by β-oxidation. Fatty acid availability is repeatedly increased postprandially during the day, particularly during high dietary fat intake and also increases during, and after, aerobic exercise. As such, fatty acids are possible signalling candidates that regulate transcription of target genes encoding proteins involved in muscle lipid metabolism. The mechanism of signalling might be direct or indirect targeting of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors by fatty acid ligands, by fatty acid-induced NAD+-stimulated activation of sirtuin 1 and/or fatty acid-mediated activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Lactate might also have a role in lipid metabolic adaptations. Obesity is characterized by impairments in fatty acid oxidation capacity, and individuals with obesity show some rigidity in increasing fatty acid oxidation in response to high fat intake. However, individuals with obesity retain improvements in fatty acid oxidation capacity in response to exercise training, thereby highlighting exercise training as a potential method to improve lipid metabolic flexibility in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Hansen SL, Bojsen-Møller KN, Lundsgaard AM, Hendrich FL, Nilas L, Sjøberg KA, Hingst JR, Serup AK, Olguín CH, Carl CS, Wernblad LF, Henneberg M, Lustrup KM, Hansen C, Jensen TE, Madsbad S, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Kiens B. Mechanisms Underlying Absent Training-Induced Improvement in Insulin Action in Lean, Hyperandrogenic Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Diabetes 2020; 69:2267-2280. [PMID: 32873590 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have been shown to be less insulin sensitive compared with control (CON) women, independent of BMI. Training is associated with molecular adaptations in skeletal muscle, improving glucose uptake and metabolism in both healthy individuals and patients with type 2 diabetes. In the current study, lean hyperandrogenic women with PCOS (n = 9) and healthy CON women (n = 9) completed 14 weeks of controlled and supervised exercise training. In CON, the training intervention increased whole-body insulin action by 26% and insulin-stimulated leg glucose uptake by 53% together with increased insulin-stimulated leg blood flow and a more oxidative muscle fiber type distribution. In PCOS, no such changes were found, despite similar training intensity and improvements in VO2max In skeletal muscle of CON but not PCOS, training increased GLUT4 and HKII mRNA and protein expressions. These data suggest that the impaired increase in whole-body insulin action in women with PCOS with training is caused by an impaired ability to upregulate key glucose-handling proteins for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and insulin-stimulated leg blood flow. Still, other important benefits of exercise training appeared in women with PCOS, including an improvement of the hyperandrogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvejg L Hansen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederikke L Hendrich
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Nilas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henríquez Olguín
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S Carl
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise F Wernblad
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Henneberg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katja M Lustrup
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christine Hansen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Larsen MR, Steenberg DE, Birk JB, Sjøberg KA, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. The insulin‐sensitizing effect of a single exercise bout is similar in type I and type II human muscle fibres. J Physiol 2020; 598:5687-5699. [DOI: 10.1113/jp280475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Magnus R. Larsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Dorte E. Steenberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jesper B. Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kim A. Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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22
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Nicolaisen TS, Klein AB, Dmytriyeva O, Lund J, Ingerslev LR, Fritzen AM, Carl CS, Lundsgaard AM, Frost M, Ma T, Schjerling P, Gerhart-Hines Z, Flamant F, Gauthier K, Larsen S, Richter EA, Kiens B, Clemmensen C. Thyroid hormone receptor α in skeletal muscle is essential for T3-mediated increase in energy expenditure. FASEB J 2020; 34:15480-15491. [PMID: 32969079 PMCID: PMC7702122 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001258rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are important for homeostatic control of energy metabolism and body temperature. Although skeletal muscle is considered a key site for thyroid action, the contribution of thyroid hormone receptor signaling in muscle to whole‐body energy metabolism and body temperature has not been resolved. Here, we show that T3‐induced increase in energy expenditure requires thyroid hormone receptor alpha 1 (TRα1) in skeletal muscle, but that T3‐mediated elevation in body temperature is achieved in the absence of muscle‐TRα1. In slow‐twitch soleus muscle, loss‐of‐function of TRα1 (TRαHSACre) alters the fiber‐type composition toward a more oxidative phenotype. The change in fiber‐type composition, however, does not influence the running capacity or motivation to run. RNA‐sequencing of soleus muscle from WT mice and TRαHSACre mice revealed differentiated transcriptional regulation of genes associated with muscle thermogenesis, such as sarcolipin and UCP3, providing molecular clues pertaining to the mechanistic underpinnings of TRα1‐linked control of whole‐body metabolic rate. Together, this work establishes a fundamental role for skeletal muscle in T3‐stimulated increase in whole‐body energy expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine S Nicolaisen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oksana Dmytriyeva
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Lund
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars R Ingerslev
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Frost
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tao Ma
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg Hospital and Center for Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zachary Gerhart-Hines
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederic Flamant
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, INRA USC 1370, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Gauthier
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5242, INRA USC 1370, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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23
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Reddy A, Bozi LHM, Yaghi OK, Mills EL, Xiao H, Nicholson HE, Paschini M, Paulo JA, Garrity R, Laznik-Bogoslavski D, Ferreira JCB, Carl CS, Sjøberg KA, Wojtaszewski JFP, Jeppesen JF, Kiens B, Gygi SP, Richter EA, Mathis D, Chouchani ET. pH-Gated Succinate Secretion Regulates Muscle Remodeling in Response to Exercise. Cell 2020; 183:62-75.e17. [PMID: 32946811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In response to skeletal muscle contraction during exercise, paracrine factors coordinate tissue remodeling, which underlies this healthy adaptation. Here we describe a pH-sensing metabolite signal that initiates muscle remodeling upon exercise. In mice and humans, exercising skeletal muscle releases the mitochondrial metabolite succinate into the local interstitium and circulation. Selective secretion of succinate is facilitated by its transient protonation, which occurs upon muscle cell acidification. In the protonated monocarboxylic form, succinate is rendered a transport substrate for monocarboxylate transporter 1, which facilitates pH-gated release. Upon secretion, succinate signals via its cognate receptor SUCNR1 in non-myofibrillar cells in muscle tissue to control muscle-remodeling transcriptional programs. This succinate-SUCNR1 signaling is required for paracrine regulation of muscle innervation, muscle matrix remodeling, and muscle strength in response to exercise training. In sum, we define a bioenergetic sensor in muscle that utilizes intracellular pH and succinate to coordinate tissue adaptation to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Reddy
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Luiz H M Bozi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Omar K Yaghi
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evanna L Mills
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haopeng Xiao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hilary E Nicholson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margherita Paschini
- Stem Cell Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Garrity
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Julio C B Ferreira
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian S Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Edward T Chouchani
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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24
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Sjøberg KA, Schmoll D, Piper MDW, Kiens B, Rose AJ. Effects of Short-Term Dietary Protein Restriction on Blood Amino Acid Levels in Young Men. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082195. [PMID: 32717986 PMCID: PMC7468950 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies show that dietary protein restriction (DPR) improves healthspan and retards many age-related diseases such as type 2 diabetes. While mouse studies have shown that restriction of certain essential amino acids is required for this response, less is known about which amino acids are affected by DPR in humans. Here, using a within-subjects diet design, we examined the effects of dietary protein restriction in the fasted state, as well as acutely after meal feeding, on blood plasma amino acid levels. While very few amino acids were affected by DPR in the fasted state, several proteinogenic AAs such as isoleucine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine were lower in the meal-fed state with DPR. In addition, the non-proteinogenic AAs such as 1- and 3-methyl-histidine were also lower with meal feeding during DPR. Lastly, using in silico predictions of the most limiting essential AAs compared with human exome AA usage, we demonstrate that leucine, methionine, and threonine are potentially the most limiting essential AAs with DPR. In summary, acute meal feeding allows more accurate determination of which AAs are affected by dietary interventions, with most essential AAs lowered by DPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim A. Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.A.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Dieter Schmoll
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany;
| | - Matthew D. W. Piper
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; (K.A.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Adam J. Rose
- Nutrient Metabolism & Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Metabolism, Diabetes and Obesity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
- Correspondence:
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25
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Jall S, De Angelis M, Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Nicolaisen TS, Klein AB, Novikoff A, Sachs S, Richter EA, Kiens B, Schramm KW, Tschöp MH, Stemmer K, Clemmensen C, Müller TD, Kleinert M. Pharmacological targeting of α3β4 nicotinic receptors improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in mice with diet-induced obesity. Diabetologia 2020; 63:1236-1247. [PMID: 32140744 PMCID: PMC7228898 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Treatment with the α3β4 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium iodide (DMPP), improves glucose tolerance in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms are unknown. METHODS DMPP (10 mg/kg body weight, s.c.) was administered either in a single injection (acute) or daily for up to 14 days (chronic) in DIO wild-type (WT) and Chrnb4 knockout (KO) mice and glucose tolerance, tissue-specific tracer-based glucose metabolism, and insulin signalling were assessed. RESULTS In WT mice, but not in Chrnb4 KO mice, single acute treatment with DMPP induced transient hyperglycaemia, which was accompanied by high plasma adrenaline (epinephrine) levels, upregulated hepatic gluconeogenic genes, and decreased hepatic glycogen content. In contrast to these acute effects, chronic DMPP treatment in WT mice elicited improvements in glucose tolerance already evident after three consecutive days of DMPP treatment. After seven days of DMPP treatment, glucose tolerance was markedly improved, also in comparison with mice that were pair-fed to DMPP-treated mice. The glycaemic benefit of chronic DMPP was absent in Chrnb4 KO mice. Chronic DMPP increased insulin-stimulated glucose clearance into brown adipose tissue (+69%), heart (+93%), gastrocnemius muscle (+74%) and quadriceps muscle (+59%), with no effect in white adipose tissues. After chronic DMPP treatment, plasma adrenaline levels did not increase following an injection with DMPP. In glucose-stimulated skeletal muscle, we detected a decreased phosphorylation of the inhibitory Ser640 phosphorylation site on glycogen synthase and a congruent increase in glycogen accumulation following chronic DMPP treatment. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data suggest that DMPP acutely induces adrenaline release and hepatic glycogenolysis, while chronic DMPP-mediated activation of β4-containing nAChRs improves peripheral insulin sensitivity independently of changes in body weight via mechanisms that could involve increased non-oxidative glucose disposal into skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Jall
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Meri De Angelis
- Molecular EXposomics (MEX) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Anders B Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Aaron Novikoff
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Sachs
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karl-Werner Schramm
- Molecular EXposomics (MEX) at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department für Biowissenschaften, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, TUM School of Medicine, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Stemmer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Pharmacology, Experimental Therapy and Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenomics, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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26
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Fritzen AM, Domingo-Espín J, Lundsgaard AM, Kleinert M, Israelsen I, Carl CS, Nicolaisen TS, Kjøbsted R, Jeppesen JF, Wojtaszewski JFP, Lagerstedt JO, Kiens B. ApoA-1 improves glucose tolerance by increasing glucose uptake into heart and skeletal muscle independently of AMPKα 2. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100949. [PMID: 32244181 PMCID: PMC7082546 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute administration of the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-1), improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms mediating this are not known, but in muscle cell cultures, ApoA-1 failed to increase glucose uptake when infected with a dominant-negative AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) virus. We therefore investigated whether AMPK is necessary for ApoA-1-stimulated glucose uptake in intact heart and skeletal muscle in vivo. METHODS The effect of injection with recombinant human ApoA-1 (rApoA-1) on glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and glucose uptake into skeletal and heart muscle with and without block of insulin secretion by injection of epinephrine (0.1 mg/kg) and propranolol (5 mg/kg), were investigated in 8 weeks high-fat diet-fed (60E%) wild-type and AMPKα2 kinase-dead mice in the overnight-fasted state. In addition, the effect of rApoA-1 on glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscle ex vivo was studied. RESULTS rApoA-1 lowered plasma glucose concentration by 1.7 mmol/l within 3 h (6.1 vs 4.4 mmol/l; p < 0.001). Three hours after rApoA-1 injection, glucose tolerance during a 40-min glucose tolerance test (GTT) was improved compared to control (area under the curve (AUC) reduced by 45%, p < 0.001). This was accompanied by an increased glucose clearance into skeletal (+110%; p < 0.001) and heart muscle (+100%; p < 0.001) and an increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion 20 min after glucose injection (+180%; p < 0.001). When insulin secretion was blocked during a GTT, rApoA-1 still enhanced glucose tolerance (AUC lowered by 20% compared to control; p < 0.001) and increased glucose clearance into skeletal (+50%; p < 0.05) and heart muscle (+270%; p < 0.001). These improvements occurred to a similar extent in both wild-type and AMPKα2 kinase-dead mice and thus independently of AMPKα2 activity in skeletal- and heart muscle. Interestingly, rApoA-1 failed to increase glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscles ex vivo. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, ApoA-1 stimulates in vivo glucose disposal into skeletal and heart muscle independently of AMPKα2. The observation that ApoA-1 fails to increase glucose uptake in isolated muscle ex vivo suggests that additional systemic effects are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joan Domingo-Espín
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Germany
| | - Ida Israelsen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens O Lagerstedt
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, S-221 84, Lund, Sweden; Lund Institute of Advanced X-ray and Neutron Science (LINXS), Lund, Sweden.
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Knudsen JR, Steenberg DE, Hingst JR, Hodgson LR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Li Z, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP, Verkade P, Jensen TE. Prior exercise in humans redistributes intramuscular GLUT4 and enhances insulin-stimulated sarcolemmal and endosomal GLUT4 translocation. Mol Metab 2020; 39:100998. [PMID: 32305516 PMCID: PMC7240215 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Exercise is a cornerstone in the management of skeletal muscle insulin-resistance. A well-established benefit of a single bout of exercise is increased insulin sensitivity for hours post-exercise in the previously exercised musculature. Although rodent studies suggest that the insulin-sensitization phenomenon involves enhanced insulin-stimulated GLUT4 cell surface translocation and might involve intramuscular redistribution of GLUT4, the conservation to humans is unknown. Methods Healthy young males underwent an insulin-sensitizing one-legged kicking exercise bout for 1 h followed by fatigue bouts to exhaustion. Muscle biopsies were obtained 4 h post-exercise before and after a 2-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Results A detailed microscopy-based analysis of GLUT4 distribution within seven different myocellular compartments revealed that prior exercise increased GLUT4 localization in insulin-responsive storage vesicles and T-tubuli. Furthermore, insulin-stimulated GLUT4 localization was augmented at the sarcolemma and in the endosomal compartments. Conclusions An intracellular redistribution of GLUT4 post-exercise is proposed as a molecular mechanism contributing to the insulin-sensitizing effect of prior exercise in human skeletal muscle. Intramyocellular GLUT4 is redistributed 4 h after exercise in humans. GLUT4 content is increased in GLUT4 storage vesicles and T-tubuli post-exercise. Prior exercise + insulin increases sarcolemmal and endosomal GLUT4. GLUT4 redistribution may thus contribute to post-exercise muscle insulin-sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas R Knudsen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark; Laboratory of Microsystems 2, Institute of Microengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Batiment BM, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dorte E Steenberg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Lorna R Hodgson
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Zhencheng Li
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Paul Verkade
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, BS8 1TD, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, August Krogh Building, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark.
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28
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Mcconell G, Sjoberg K, Wojtaszewski J, Kiens B, Richter E. Does Acute Exercise Increase Insulin‐Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake, Blood Flow And Insulin Signalling In Response To A Meal? FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Steenberg DE, Hingst JR, Birk JB, Thorup A, Kristensen JM, Sjøberg KA, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. A Single Bout of One-Legged Exercise to Local Exhaustion Decreases Insulin Action in Nonexercised Muscle Leading to Decreased Whole-Body Insulin Action. Diabetes 2020; 69:578-590. [PMID: 31974138 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A single bout of exercise enhances insulin action in the exercised muscle. However, not all human studies find that this translates into increased whole-body insulin action, suggesting that insulin action in rested muscle or other organs may be decreased by exercise. To investigate this, eight healthy men underwent a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp on 2 separate days: one day with prior one-legged knee-extensor exercise to local exhaustion (∼2.5 h) and another day without exercise. Whole-body glucose disposal was ∼18% lower on the exercise day as compared with the resting day due to decreased (∼37%) insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the nonexercised muscle. Insulin signaling at the level of Akt2 was impaired in the nonexercised muscle on the exercise day, suggesting that decreased insulin action in nonexercised muscle may reduce GLUT4 translocation in response to insulin. Thus, the effect of a single bout of exercise on whole-body insulin action depends on the balance between local effects increasing and systemic effects decreasing insulin action. Physiologically, this mechanism may serve to direct glucose into the muscles in need of glycogen replenishment. For insulin-treated patients, this complex relationship may explain the difficulties in predicting the adequate insulin dose for maintaining glucose homeostasis following physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte E Steenberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Thorup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Han X, Raun SH, Carlsson M, Sjøberg KA, Henriquez-Olguín C, Ali M, Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Møller LLV, Li Z, Li J, Jensen TE, Kiens B, Sylow L. Cancer causes metabolic perturbations associated with reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and impaired muscle microvascular perfusion. Metabolism 2020; 105:154169. [PMID: 31987858 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redirecting glucose from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, likely benefits the tumor's energy demand to support tumor growth, as cancer patients with type 2 diabetes have 30% increased mortality rates. The aim of this study was to elucidate tissue-specific contributions and molecular mechanisms underlying cancer-induced metabolic perturbations. METHODS Glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT), as well as hepatic glucose production, were determined in control and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice using isotopic tracers. Skeletal muscle microvascular perfusion was analyzed via a real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound technique. Finally, the role of fatty acid turnover on glycemic control was determined by treating tumor-bearing insulin-resistant mice with nicotinic acid or etomoxir. RESULTS LLC tumor-bearing mice displayed reduced insulin-induced blood-glucose-lowering and glucose intolerance, which was restored by etomoxir or nicotinic acid. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was 30-40% reduced in skeletal muscle and WAT of mice carrying large tumors. Despite compromised glucose uptake, tumor-bearing mice displayed upregulated insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of TBC1D4Thr642 (+18%), AKTSer474 (+65%), and AKTThr309 (+86%) in muscle. Insulin caused a 70% increase in muscle microvascular perfusion in control mice, which was abolished in tumor-bearing mice. Additionally, tumor-bearing mice displayed increased (+45%) basal (not insulin-stimulated) hepatic glucose production. CONCLUSIONS Cancer can result in marked perturbations on at least six metabolically essential functions; i) insulin's blood-glucose-lowering effect, ii) glucose tolerance, iii) skeletal muscle and WAT insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, iv) intramyocellular insulin signaling, v) muscle microvascular perfusion, and vi) basal hepatic glucose production in mice. The mechanism causing cancer-induced insulin resistance may relate to fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqing Han
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michala Carlsson
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona Ali
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth L V Møller
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhen Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jinwen Li
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Parker BL, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, James DE. Quantification of exercise‐regulated ubiquitin signaling in human skeletal muscle identifies protein modification cross talk via NEDDylation. FASEB J 2020; 34:5906-5916. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000075r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L. Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre School of Life and Environmental Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Department of Physiology Centre for Muscle Research The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Science, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David E. James
- Charles Perkins Centre School of Life and Environmental Science The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Medicine The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Kiens B. The Importance of Fatty Acids as Nutrients during Post-Exercise Recovery. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020280. [PMID: 31973165 PMCID: PMC7070550 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that whole-body fatty acid (FA) oxidation remains increased for several hours following aerobic endurance exercise, even despite carbohydrate intake. However, the mechanisms involved herein have hitherto not been subject to a thorough evaluation. In immediate and early recovery (0–4 h), plasma FA availability is high, which seems mainly to be a result of hormonal factors and increased adipose tissue blood flow. The increased circulating availability of adipose-derived FA, coupled with FA from lipoprotein lipase (LPL)-derived very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-triacylglycerol (TG) hydrolysis in skeletal muscle capillaries and hydrolysis of TG within the muscle together act as substrates for the increased mitochondrial FA oxidation post-exercise. Within the skeletal muscle cells, increased reliance on FA oxidation likely results from enhanced FA uptake into the mitochondria through the carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) 1 reaction, and concomitant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) inhibition of glucose oxidation. Together this allows glucose taken up by the skeletal muscles to be directed towards the resynthesis of glycogen. Besides being oxidized, FAs also seem to be crucial signaling molecules for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling post-exercise, and thus for induction of the exercise-induced FA oxidative gene adaptation program in skeletal muscle following exercise. Collectively, a high FA turnover in recovery seems essential to regain whole-body substrate homeostasis.
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McConell GK, Sjøberg KA, Ceutz F, Gliemann L, Nyberg M, Hellsten Y, Frøsig C, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA. Insulin-induced membrane permeability to glucose in human muscles at rest and following exercise. J Physiol 2020; 598:303-315. [PMID: 31696935 DOI: 10.1113/jp278600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Increased insulin action is an important component of the health benefits of exercise, but its regulation is complex and not fully elucidated. Previous studies of insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation to the skeletal muscle membrane found insufficient increases to explain the increases in glucose uptake. By determination of leg glucose uptake and interstitial muscle glucose concentration, insulin-induced muscle membrane permeability to glucose was calculated 4 h after one-legged knee-extensor exercise during a submaximal euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp. It was found that during submaximal insulin stimulation, muscle membrane permeability to glucose in humans increases twice as much in previously exercised vs. rested muscle and outstrips the supply of glucose, which then becomes limiting for glucose uptake. This methodology can now be employed to determine muscle membrane permeability to glucose in people with diabetes, who have reduced insulin action, and in principle can also be used to determine membrane permeability to other substrates or metabolites. ABSTRACT Increased insulin action is an important component of the health benefits of exercise, but the regulation of insulin action in vivo is complex and not fully elucidated. Previously determined increases in skeletal muscle insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation are inconsistent and mostly cannot explain the increases in insulin action in humans. Here we used leg glucose uptake (LGU) and interstitial muscle glucose concentration to calculate insulin-induced muscle membrane permeability to glucose, a variable not previously possible to quantify in humans. Muscle membrane permeability to glucose, measured 4 h after one-legged knee-extensor exercise, increased ∼17-fold during a submaximal euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp in rested muscle (R) and ∼36-fold in exercised muscle (EX). Femoral arterial infusion of NG -monomethyl l-arginine acetate or ATP decreased and increased, respectively, leg blood flow (LBF) in both legs but did not affect membrane glucose permeability. Decreasing LBF reduced interstitial glucose concentrations to ∼2 mM in the exercised but only to ∼3.5 mM in non-exercised muscle and abrogated the augmented effect of insulin on LGU in the EX leg. Increasing LBF by ATP infusion increased LGU in both legs with uptake higher in the EX leg. We conclude that it is possible to measure functional muscle membrane permeability to glucose in humans and it increases twice as much in exercised vs. rested muscle during submaximal insulin stimulation. We also show that muscle perfusion is an important regulator of muscle glucose uptake when membrane permeability to glucose is high and we show that the capillary wall can be a significant barrier for glucose transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn K McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Ceutz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Nyberg
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Frøsig
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Lundsgaard AM, Fritzen AM, Nicolaisen TS, Carl CS, Sjøberg KA, Raun SH, Klein AB, Sanchez-Quant E, Langer J, Ørskov C, Clemmensen C, Tschöp MH, Richter EA, Kiens B, Kleinert M. Glucometabolic consequences of acute and prolonged inhibition of fatty acid oxidation. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:10-19. [PMID: 31719103 PMCID: PMC6939602 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive circulating FAs have been proposed to promote insulin resistance (IR) of glucose metabolism by increasing the oxidation of FAs over glucose. Therefore, inhibition of FA oxidation (FAOX) has been suggested to ameliorate IR. However, prolonged inhibition of FAOX would presumably cause lipid accumulation and thereby promote lipotoxicity. To understand the glycemic consequences of acute and prolonged FAOX inhibition, we treated mice with the carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) inhibitor, etomoxir (eto), in combination with short-term 45% high fat diet feeding to increase FA availability. Eto acutely increased glucose oxidation and peripheral glucose disposal, and lowered circulating glucose, but this was associated with increased circulating FAs and triacylglycerol accumulation in the liver and heart within hours. Several days of FAOX inhibition by daily eto administration induced hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance, specific to CPT-1 inhibition by eto. Lower whole-body insulin sensitivity was accompanied by reduction in brown adipose tissue (BAT) uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein content, diminished BAT glucose clearance, and increased hepatic glucose production. Collectively, these data suggest that pharmacological inhibition of FAOX is not a viable strategy to treat IR, and that sufficient rates of FAOX are required for maintaining liver and BAT metabolic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas M Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian S Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steffen H Raun
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B Klein
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eva Sanchez-Quant
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Langer
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Cathrine Ørskov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Metabolic Diseases, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Larsen IS, Fritzen AM, Carl CS, Agerholm M, Damgaard MTF, Holm JB, Marette A, Nordkild P, Kiens B, Kristiansen K, Wehkamp J, Jensen BAH. Human Paneth cell α-defensin-5 treatment reverses dyslipidemia and improves glucoregulatory capacity in diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E42-E52. [PMID: 30860877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00019.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Overnutrition is the principal cause of insulin resistance (IR) and dyslipidemia, which drive nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Overnutrition is further linked to disrupted bowel function, microbiota alterations, and change of function in gut-lining cell populations, including Paneth cells of the small intestine. Paneth cells regulate microbial diversity through expression of antimicrobial peptides, particularly human α-defensin-5 (HD-5), and have shown repressed secretory capacity in human obesity. Mice were fed a 60% high-fat diet for 13 wk and subsequently treated with physiologically relevant amounts of HD-5 (0.001%) or vehicle for 10 wk. The glucoregulatory capacity was determined by glucose tolerance tests and measurements of corresponding insulin concentrations both before and during intervention. Gut microbiome composition was examined by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. HD-5-treated mice exhibited improved glucoregulatory capacity along with an ameliorated plasma and liver lipid profile. This was accompanied by specific decrease in jejunal inflammation and gut microbiota alterations including increased Bifidobacterium abundances, which correlated inversely with metabolic dysfunctions. This study provides proof of concept for the use of human defensins to improve host metabolism by mitigating the triad cluster of dyslipidemia, IR, and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Søgaard Larsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute; Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Christian Strini Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute; Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mads Thue Fejerskov Damgaard
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - André Marette
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute; Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
- Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen , China
| | - Jan Wehkamp
- Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen , Germany
| | - Benjamin Anderschou Holbech Jensen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
- Québec Heart and Lung Institute; Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine; and Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Section of Human Genomics and Metagenomics in Metabolism, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Abstract
Focusing on daily nutrition is important for athletes to perform and adapt optimally to exercise training. The major roles of an athlete's daily diet are to supply the substrates needed to cover the energy demands for exercise, to ensure quick recovery between exercise bouts, to optimize adaptations to exercise training, and to stay healthy. The major energy substrates for exercising skeletal muscles are carbohydrate and fat stores. Optimizing the timing and type of energy intake and the amount of dietary macronutrients is essential to ensure peak training and competition performance, and these strategies play important roles in modulating skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance and resistance training. In this review, recent advances in nutritional strategies designed to optimize exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle are discussed, with an emphasis on mechanistic approaches, by describing the physiological mechanisms that provide the basis for different nutrition regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; , ,
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; , ,
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; , ,
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McConell GK, Sjøberg KA, Ceutz F, Gliemann L, Nyberg MP, Hellsten Y, Frøsig C, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JF, Richter EA. Muscle membrane permeability to glucose and blood flow explain increased insulin sensitivity in muscle after exercise. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Yap Y, Rusu P, Schmoll D, Kiens B, Piper M, Heikenwälder M, Bröer S, Rose A. Essential amino acid restriction dictates the systemic metabolic response to dietary protein dilution. Obes Res Clin Pract 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2018.11.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hansen SL, Svendsen PF, Jeppesen JF, Hoeg LD, Andersen NR, Kristensen JM, Nilas L, Lundsgaard AM, Wojtaszewski JFP, Madsbad S, Kiens B. Molecular Mechanisms in Skeletal Muscle Underlying Insulin Resistance in Women Who Are Lean With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2019; 104:1841-1854. [PMID: 30544235 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-01771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Skeletal muscle molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To provide insight into mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle insulin resistance in women who are lean with PCOS. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with skeletal muscle biopsies was performed. Thirteen women who are lean who have hyperandrogenism and PCOS and seven age- and body mass index-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled. Skeletal muscle protein expression and phosphorylation were analyzed by Western blotting and intramuscular lipid content was measured by thin-layer chromatography. RESULTS Women with PCOS had 25% lower whole-body insulin sensitivity and 40% lower plasma adiponectin concentration than in control subjects. Intramuscular triacylglycerol, sn-1.3 diacylglycerol, and ceramide contents in skeletal muscle were higher (40%, 50%, and 300%, respectively) in women with PCOS than in control subjects. Activation of insulin signaling did not differ between groups. In women with PCOS, the insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation was reduced and insulin-stimulated dephosphorylation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) Ser293 was absent. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 protein expression and basal Thr172 phosphorylation were 45% and 50% lower in women with PCOS than in control subjects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Whole-body insulin resistance in women who are lean who have hyperandrogenism and PCOS was not related to changes in the proximal part of the insulin signaling cascade in skeletal muscle despite lipid accumulation. Rather, reduced insulin sensitivity was potentially related to plasma adiponectin levels playing a modulating role in human skeletal muscle via AMPK. Furthermore, abnormal PDH regulation may contribute to reduced whole-body metabolic flexibility and thereby insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvejg L Hansen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille F Svendsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Jacob F Jeppesen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise D Hoeg
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicoline R Andersen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas M Kristensen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbeth Nilas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital at Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kleinert M, Bojsen-Møller KN, Jørgensen NB, Svane MS, Martinussen C, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Madsbad S, Richter EA, Clemmensen C. Effect of bariatric surgery on plasma GDF15 in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E615-E621. [PMID: 30721097 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00010.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery results in marked body weight loss and improves type 2 diabetes in most patients with obesity. The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) has recently emerged as a novel satiety factor. To begin to understand whether GDF15 is involved in mediating the effects of bariatric surgery on body weight and glycemia in humans, we measured plasma GDF15 in patients with obesity ( n = 25) and in patients with obesity and diabetes ( n = 22) before and after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. GDF15 was increased 1 wk after RYGB compared with before surgery (689 ± 45 vs. 487 ± 28 pg/ml, P < 0.001) and GDF15 remained elevated at 3 mo (554 ± 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05), at 1 yr (566 ± 37 pg/ml, P < 0.05), and at 2.5-4 yr (630 ± 50 pg/ml, P < 0.001) after RYGB surgery. Both age and insulin sensitivity correlated with GDF15 before the surgery ( r = 0.46, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.34, P < 0.001, respectively). These correlations disappeared at 2.5-4 yr following the surgery. Conversely, weight loss magnitude correlated with GDF15, measured 2.5-4 yr postsurgery ( r = 0.21, P < 0.0055). In summary, circulating GDF15 increases and correlates with body weight loss following RYGB surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health , Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Kirstine N Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Nils B Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Maria S Svane
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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41
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Hansen SL, Lorentzen J, Pedersen LT, Hendrich FL, Jorsal M, Pingel J, Nielsen JB, Kiens B. Suboptimal Nutrition and Low Physical Activity Are Observed Together with Reduced Plasma Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Concentration in Children with Severe Cerebral Palsy (CP). Nutrients 2019; 11:E620. [PMID: 30875771 PMCID: PMC6470501 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a mediator of exercise and nutrition-induced neural plasticity. In children with cerebral palsy (CP), neuromuscular deficits and mobility impairment have a negative impact on their physical activity level and nutritional status, but whether these children have reduced BDNF concentrations is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the plasma BDNF concentration, nutritional status, and physical activity level in children with mild to severe CP. Blood sampling, dietary registration, and questionnaires were completed for children with mild CP (gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) I⁻II, n = 31, age 10.6 ± 0.6 years), severe CP (GMFCS IV⁻V, n = 14, age 10.9 ± 1.1 years) and typically developed (TD) children (n = 22, age 10.9 ± 0.6 years). Children with severe CP had ~40% lower plasma BDNF concentration than TD children (p < 0.05). Furthermore, children with severe CP had lower daily physical activity level than TD children (p < 0.01), and a daily intake of energy, n-3 fatty acids, and dietary fibers that was only ~50% of TD (p > 0.001). Reduced plasma BDNF concentrations were observed in children with severe CP. This may be of significance for optimal neural growth and plasticity. This was observed together with low physical activity levels and a suboptimal intake of energy, n-3 fatty acids, and dietary fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solvejg L Hansen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Jakob Lorentzen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- Elsass Institute, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
| | - Lin T Pedersen
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Frederikke L Hendrich
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Martin Jorsal
- Geelsgårdskolen, Region Hovedstaden, 2830 Virum, Denmark.
| | - Jessica Pingel
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Jens B Nielsen
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
- Elsass Institute, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark.
| | - Bente Kiens
- Molecular Physiology Section, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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42
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Fritzen AM, Thøgersen FB, Thybo K, Vissing CR, Krag TO, Ruiz-Ruiz C, Risom L, Wibrand F, Høeg LD, Kiens B, Duno M, Vissing J, Jeppesen TD. Adaptations in Mitochondrial Enzymatic Activity Occurs Independent of Genomic Dosage in Response to Aerobic Exercise Training and Deconditioning in Human Skeletal Muscle. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030237. [PMID: 30871120 PMCID: PMC6468422 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication is thought to be an integral part of exercise-training-induced mitochondrial adaptations. Thus, mtDNA level is often used as an index of mitochondrial adaptations in training studies. We investigated the hypothesis that endurance exercise training-induced mitochondrial enzymatic changes are independent of genomic dosage by studying mtDNA content in skeletal muscle in response to six weeks of knee-extensor exercise training followed by four weeks of deconditioning in one leg, comparing results to the contralateral untrained leg, in 10 healthy, untrained male volunteers. Findings were compared to citrate synthase activity, mitochondrial complex activities, and content of mitochondrial membrane markers (porin and cardiolipin). One-legged knee-extensor exercise increased endurance performance by 120%, which was accompanied by increases in power output and peak oxygen uptake of 49% and 33%, respectively (p < 0.01). Citrate synthase and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I–IV activities were increased by 51% and 46–61%, respectively, in the trained leg (p < 0.001). Despite a substantial training-induced increase in mitochondrial activity of TCA and ETC enzymes, there was no change in mtDNA and mitochondrial inner and outer membrane markers (i.e., cardiolipin and porin). Conversely, deconditioning reduced endurance capacity by 41%, muscle citrate synthase activity by 32%, and mitochondrial complex I–IV activities by 29–36% (p < 0.05), without any change in mtDNA and porin and cardiolipin content in the previously trained leg. The findings demonstrate that the adaptations in mitochondrial enzymatic activity after aerobic endurance exercise training and the opposite effects of deconditioning are independent of changes in the number of mitochondrial genomes, and likely relate to changes in the rate of transcription of mtDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas M Fritzen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Frank B Thøgersen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Kasper Thybo
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer R Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas O Krag
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Cristina Ruiz-Ruiz
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Lotte Risom
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Flemming Wibrand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Louise D Høeg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Morten Duno
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Tina D Jeppesen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Section 3342, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Graae AS, Grarup N, Ribel-Madsen R, Lystbæk SH, Boesgaard T, Staiger H, Fritsche A, Wellner N, Sulek K, Kjolby M, Backe MB, Chubanava S, Prats C, Serup AK, Birk JB, Dubail J, Gillberg L, Vienberg SG, Nykjær A, Kiens B, Wojtaszewski JFP, Larsen S, Apte SS, Häring HU, Vaag A, Zethelius B, Pedersen O, Treebak JT, Hansen T, Holst B. ADAMTS9 Regulates Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity Through Extracellular Matrix Alterations. Diabetes 2019; 68:502-514. [PMID: 30626608 PMCID: PMC6385758 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ADAMTS9 rs4607103 C allele is one of the few gene variants proposed to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes through an impairment of insulin sensitivity. We show that the variant is associated with increased expression of the secreted ADAMTS9 and decreased insulin sensitivity and signaling in human skeletal muscle. In line with this, mice lacking Adamts9 selectively in skeletal muscle have improved insulin sensitivity. The molecular link between ADAMTS9 and insulin signaling was characterized further in a model where ADAMTS9 was overexpressed in skeletal muscle. This selective overexpression resulted in decreased insulin signaling presumably mediated through alterations of the integrin β1 signaling pathway and disruption of the intracellular cytoskeletal organization. Furthermore, this led to impaired mitochondrial function in mouse muscle-an observation found to be of translational character because humans carrying the ADAMTS9 risk allele have decreased expression of mitochondrial markers. Finally, we found that the link between ADAMTS9 overexpression and impaired insulin signaling could be due to accumulation of harmful lipid intermediates. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes and point to inhibition of ADAMTS9 as a potential novel mode of treating insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sofie Graae
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Ribel-Madsen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Sara H Lystbæk
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trine Boesgaard
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Harald Staiger
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Fritsche
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Niels Wellner
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Karolina Sulek
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Kjolby
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation, Odense, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Balslev Backe
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabina Chubanava
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clara Prats
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annette K Serup
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johanne Dubail
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Sara G Vienberg
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Nykjær
- The Lundbeck Foundation Research Center MIND, Danish Research Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Nordic EMBL Partnership for Molecular Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hans-Ulrich Häring
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Centre Munich, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Centre for Diabetes Research, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Allan Vaag
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Translational Medicine Unit, Early Clinical Development, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Björn Zethelius
- Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Caring Services, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section for Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Section for Metabolic Genetics, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Section for Metabolic Receptology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Fritzen AM, Lundsgaard A, Jeppesen JF, Sjøberg KA, Høeg LD, Deleuran HH, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Kiens B. Fatty acid type–specific regulation of SIRT1 does not affect insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle. FASEB J 2019; 33:5510-5519. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801950r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mæchel Fritzen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Anne‐Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jacob Fuglsbjerg Jeppesen
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kim Anker Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Louise Dalgas Høeg
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Henrik Hall Deleuran
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørgen F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Erik A. Richter
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular PhysiologyDepartment of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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45
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Lundsgaard AM, Holm JB, Sjøberg KA, Bojsen-Møller KN, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Jensen BAH, Nicolaisen TS, Hingst JR, Hansen SL, Doll S, Geyer PE, Deshmukh AS, Holst JJ, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Kiens B. Mechanisms Preserving Insulin Action during High Dietary Fat Intake. Cell Metab 2019; 29:50-63.e4. [PMID: 30269983 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged intervention studies investigating molecular metabolism are necessary for a deeper understanding of dietary effects on health. Here we provide mechanistic information about metabolic adaptation to fat-rich diets. Healthy, slightly overweight men ingested saturated or polyunsaturated fat-rich diets for 6 weeks during weight maintenance. Hyperinsulinemic clamps combined with leg balance technique revealed unchanged peripheral insulin sensitivity, independent of fatty acid type. Both diets increased fat oxidation potential in muscle. Hepatic insulin clearance increased, while glucose production, de novo lipogenesis, and plasma triacylglycerol decreased. High fat intake changed the plasma proteome in the immune-supporting direction and the gut microbiome displayed changes at taxonomical and functional level with polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). In mice, eucaloric feeding of human PUFA and saturated fatty acid diets lowered hepatic triacylglycerol content compared with low-fat-fed control mice, and induced adaptations in the liver supportive of decreased gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis. Intake of fat-rich diets thus induces extensive metabolic adaptations enabling disposition of dietary fat without metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jacob B Holm
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Microbiomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | | | - Even Fjære
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Benjamin A H Jensen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Trine S Nicolaisen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sine L Hansen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Sophia Doll
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Philip E Geyer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Munich, Germany
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Clinical Proteomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lise Madsen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute of Metagenomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark.
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46
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Lundsgaard AM, Holm JB, Sjøberg KA, Bojsen-Møller KN, Myrmel LS, Fjære E, Jensen BAH, Nicolaisen TS, Hingst JR, Hansen SL, Doll S, Geyer PE, Deshmukh AS, Holst JJ, Madsen L, Kristiansen K, Wojtaszewski JFP, Richter EA, Kiens B. Mechanisms Preserving Insulin Action during High Dietary Fat Intake. Cell Metab 2019; 29:229. [PMID: 30625306 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Steenberg DE, Jørgensen NB, Birk JB, Sjøberg KA, Kiens B, Richter EA, Wojtaszewski JFP. Exercise training reduces the insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2018; 597:89-103. [PMID: 30325018 DOI: 10.1113/jp276735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A single bout of exercise is capable of increasing insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle. Whether this ability is affected by training status is not clear. Studies in mice suggest that the AMPK-TBC1D4 signalling axis is important for the increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake after a single bout of exercise. The present study is the first longitudinal intervention study to show that, although exercise training increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle at rest, it diminishes the ability of a single bout of exercise to enhance muscle insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The present study provides novel data indicating that AMPK in human skeletal muscle is important for the insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise. ABSTRACT Not only chronic exercise training, but also a single bout of exercise, increases insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. However, it is not well described how adaptations to exercise training affect the ability of a single bout of exercise to increase insulin sensitivity. Rodent studies suggest that the insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise is AMPK-dependent (presumably via the α2 β2 γ3 AMPK complex). Whether this is also the case in humans is unknown. Previous studies have shown that exercise training decreases the expression of the α2 β2 γ3 AMPK complex and diminishes the activation of this complex during exercise. Thus, we hypothesized that exercise training diminishes the ability of a single bout of exercise to enhance muscle insulin sensitivity. We investigated nine healthy male subjects who performed one-legged knee-extensor exercise at the same relative intensity before and after 12 weeks of exercise training. Training increased V ̇ O 2 peak and expression of mitochondrial proteins in muscle, whereas the expression of AMPKγ3 was decreased. Training also increased whole body and muscle insulin sensitivity. Interestingly, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in the acutely exercised leg was not enhanced further by training. Thus, the increase in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake following a single bout of one-legged exercise was lower in the trained vs. untrained state. This was associated with reduced signalling via confirmed α2 β2 γ3 AMPK downstream targets (ACC and TBC1D4). These results suggest that the insulin-sensitizing effect of a single bout of exercise is also AMPK-dependent in human skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorte E Steenberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nichlas B Jørgensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section of Molecular Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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48
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Bojsen-Møller KN, Lundsgaard AM, Madsbad S, Kiens B, Holst JJ. Hepatic Insulin Clearance in Regulation of Systemic Insulin Concentrations-Role of Carbohydrate and Energy Availability. Diabetes 2018; 67:2129-2136. [PMID: 30348819 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is the hallmark of insulin resistance in obesity, and the relative importance of insulin clearance, insulin resistance, and insulin hypersecretion has been widely debated. On the basis of recent experimental evidence, we summarize existing evidence to suggest hepatic insulin clearance as a major and immediate regulator of systemic insulin concentrations responding within days to altered dietary energy and, in particular, carbohydrate intake. Hepatic insulin clearance seems to be closely associated with opposite alterations in hepatic lipid content and glucose production, providing a potential mechanistic link to hepatic insulin sensitivity. The molecular regulation of insulin clearance in the liver is likely to involve changes in insulin binding and receptor internalization in response to the dietary alterations, the molecular mechanisms of which await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstine N Bojsen-Møller
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Lundsgaard
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hingst JR, Bruhn L, Hansen MB, Rosschou MF, Birk JB, Fentz J, Foretz M, Viollet B, Sakamoto K, Færgeman NJ, Havelund JF, Parker BL, James DE, Kiens B, Richter EA, Jensen J, Wojtaszewski JFP. Exercise-induced molecular mechanisms promoting glycogen supercompensation in human skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2018; 16:24-34. [PMID: 30093357 PMCID: PMC6158101 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective A single bout of exercise followed by intake of carbohydrates leads to glycogen supercompensation in prior exercised muscle. Our objective was to illuminate molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon in skeletal muscle of man. Methods We studied the temporal regulation of glycogen supercompensation in human skeletal muscle during a 5 day recovery period following a single bout of exercise. Nine healthy men depleted (day 1), normalized (day 2) and supercompensated (day 5) muscle glycogen in one leg while the contralateral leg served as a resting control. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps in combination with leg balance technique allowed for investigating insulin-stimulated leg glucose uptake under these 3 experimental conditions. Cellular signaling in muscle biopsies was investigated by global proteomic analyses and immunoblotting. We strengthened the validity of proposed molecular effectors by follow-up studies in muscle of transgenic mice. Results Sustained activation of glycogen synthase (GS) and AMPK in combination with elevated expression of proteins determining glucose uptake capacity were evident in the prior exercised muscle. We hypothesize that these alterations offset the otherwise tight feedback inhibition of glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake by glycogen. In line with key roles of AMPK and GS seen in the human experiments we observed abrogated ability for glycogen supercompensation in muscle with inducible AMPK deletion and in muscle carrying a G6P-insensitive form of GS in muscle. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that both AMPK and GS are key regulators of glycogen supercompensation following a single bout of glycogen-depleting exercise in skeletal muscle of both man and mouse. A single bout of exercise followed by carbohydrate intake leads to glycogen supersompensation in the prior exercised muscle. Skeletal muscle AMPK and glycogen synthase remain activated beyound normalized muscle glycogen content. Glycogen synthesis above resting levels is mediated independent of muscle insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lea Bruhn
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads B Hansen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie F Rosschou
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper F Havelund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and VILLUM Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230, Odense, Denmark
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Physical Performance, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Sjøberg KA, Carl CS, Jeppesen JF, Wojtaszewski JFP, Kiens B, Richter EA. Exercise increases circulating GDF15 in humans. Mol Metab 2018; 9:187-191. [PMID: 29398617 PMCID: PMC5870087 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a stress-sensitive circulating factor that regulates systemic energy balance. Since exercise is a transient physiological stress that has pleiotropic effects on whole-body energy metabolism, we herein explored the effect of exercise on a) circulating GDF15 levels and b) GDF15 release from skeletal muscle in humans. METHODS Seven healthy males either rested or exercised at 67% of their VO2max for 1 h and blood was sampled from the femoral artery and femoral vein before, during, and after exercise. Plasma GDF15 concentrations were determined in these samples. RESULTS Plasma GDF15 levels increased 34% with exercise (p < 0.001) and further increased to 64% above resting values at 120 min (p < 0.001) after the cessation of exercise. There was no difference between the arterial and venous GDF15 concentration before, during, and after exercise. During a resting control trial, GDF15 levels measured in the same subjects were unaltered. CONCLUSIONS Vigorous submaximal exercise increases circulating GDF15 levels in humans, but skeletal muscle tissue does not appear to be the source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark; Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim A Sjøberg
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Strini Carl
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erik A Richter
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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