1
|
Tian Y, Dong L. On-The-Spot Sampling and Detection of Viral Particles on Solid Surfaces Using a Sponge Virus Sensor Incorporated with Finger-Press Fluid Release. ACS Sens 2024; 9:1978-1991. [PMID: 38564767 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c02766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This paper presents a sponge-based electrochemical sensor for rapid, on-site collection and analysis of infectious viruses on solid surfaces. The device utilizes a conducting porous sponge modified with graphene, graphene oxide, and specific antibodies. The sponge serves as a hydrophilic porous electrode capable of liquid collection and electrochemical measurements. The device operation involves spraying an aqueous solution on a target surface, swiping the misted surface using the sponge, discharging an electrolyte solution with a simple finger press, and performing in situ incubation and electrochemical measurements. By leveraging the water-absorbing ability of the biofunctionalized conducting sponge, the sensor can effectively collect and quantify virus particles from the surface. The portability of the device is enhanced by introducing a push-release feature that dispenses the liquid electrolyte from a miniature reservoir onto the sensor surface. This reservoir has sharp edges to rupture a liquid sealing film with a finger press. The ability of the device to sample and quantify viral particles is demonstrated by using influenza A virus as the model. The sensor provided a calculated limit of detection of 0.4 TCID50/mL for H1N1 virus, along with a practical concentration range from 1-106 TCID50/mL. Additionally, it achieves a 15% collection efficiency from single-run swiping on a tabletop surface. This versatile device allows for convenient on-site virus detection within minutes, eliminating the need for sample pretreatment and simplifying the entire sample collecting and measuring process. This device presents significant potential for rapid virus detection on solid surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Liang Dong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Microelectronics Research Center, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan X, Wang J, Zhang K, Sun P, Shi J, Zhi J, Cai Z, Li Z, Wang D, Tong B, Dong Y. Differential detection of H1N1 virus spiker proteins by two hexaphenylbutadiene isomers based on size-matching principle. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1299:342452. [PMID: 38499411 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
As one of the high pathogenic influenza viruses, H1N1 virus easily induces to serious diseases, even leading to death. To date, all detection methods for H1N1 virus had shortcomings, including high equipment cost, time consumption, and etc. Therefore, a novel detection method should be established to achieve more convenient, rapid, and low-cost detection. In this work, an isomer of HPBmN-I with aggregation-induced emission characteristic was firstly synthesized on the basis of our previous reported HPBpN-I. The results showed that HPBmN-I only selectively binds to N1 in the presence of H1, while HPBpN-I can exhibit total fluorescence response to H1 and N1 in H1/N1 mixture. The limited of detection (LOD) of HPBmN-I to N1 was estimated to be 20.82 ng/mL in normal saline (NS) according to the IUPAC-based approach. The simulation calculations based on molecular docking revealed that four HPBmN-I molecules combine well with the hydrophobic cavity of N1 and achieve the fluorescence enhancement due to size matching with each other. The combination of HPBpN-I and HPBmN-I as probes was successfully used to quantitatively detect H1 and N1 in real H1N1 virus. Compared to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, the established method not only showed the same detection accuracy but also had the advantages of real-time, ease of preparation, and low-cost, demonstrating potential market prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China; Department of Nanomedicine & Shanghai Key Lab of Cell Engineering, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jianbing Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Junge Zhi
- School of Chemistry, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhengxu Cai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zi Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Dayan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Collaboration Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory for Medical Virology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Bin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Yuping Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Material Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 South Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ga E, Kang JA, Hwang J, Moon S, Choi J, Bae E, Seol H, Mun Y, Song D, Jeong DG, Na W. Assessment of the immune interference effects of multivalent vaccine for influenza epidemic strain in 2022-2023 and evaluation of its efficacy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28326. [PMID: 38532995 PMCID: PMC10963641 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The various strains of influenza virus cause respiratory symptoms in humans every year and annual vaccinations are recommended. Due to its RNA-type genes and segmented state, it belongs to a virus that mutates frequently with antigenic drift and shift, giving rise to various strains. Each year, the World Health Organization identifies the epidemic strains and operates a global surveillance system to suggest the viral composition for the influenza vaccine. Influenza viruses, which have multiple viral strains, are produced in the format of multivalent vaccine. However, the multivalent vaccine has a possibility of causing immune interference by introducing multiple strain-specific antigens in a single injection. Therefore, evaluating immune interference phenomena is essential when assessing multivalent vaccines. In this study, the protective ability and immunogenicity of multivalent and monovalent vaccines were evaluated in mice to assess immune interference in the multivalent vaccine. Monovalent and multivalent vaccines were manufactured using the latest strain of the 2022-2023 seasonal influenza virus selected by the World Health Organization. The protective abilities of both types of vaccines were tested through hemagglutination inhibition test. The immunogenicity of multivalent and monovalent vaccines were tested through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the cellular and humoral immunity expression rates. As a result of the protective ability and immunogenicity test, higher level of virus neutralizing ability and greater amount of antibodies in both IgG1 and IgG2 were confirmed in the multivalent vaccine. No immune interference was found to affect the protective capacity and immune responses of the multivalent vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eulhae Ga
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Kang
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Jaehyun Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Suyun Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Jaeseok Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Eunseo Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - Hyein Seol
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Yubin Mun
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Daesub Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Dae Gwin Jeong
- Bionanotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Woonsung Na
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Daehak-ro 101 (Yeongeon-dong), Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Budama-Kilinc Y, Kurtur OB, Gok B, Cakmakci N, Kecel-Gunduz S, Unel NM, Ozturk TK. Use of Immunoglobulin Y Antibodies: Biosensor-based Diagnostic Systems and Prophylactic and Therapeutic Drug Delivery Systems for Viral Respiratory Diseases. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:973-985. [PMID: 38561616 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266289898240322073258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have caused many pandemics from past to present and are among the top global public health problems due to their rate of spread. The recently experienced COVID-19 pandemic has led to an understanding of the importance of rapid diagnostic tests to prevent epidemics and the difficulties of developing new vaccines. On the other hand, the emergence of resistance to existing antiviral drugs during the treatment process poses a major problem for society and global health systems. Therefore, there is a need for new approaches for the diagnosis, prophylaxis, and treatment of existing or new types of respiratory viruses. Immunoglobulin Y antibodies (IgYs) obtained from the yolk of poultry eggs have significant advantages, such as high production volumes, low production costs, and high selectivity, which enable the development of innovative and strategic products. Especially in diagnosing respiratory viruses, antibody-based biosensors in which these antibodies are integrated have the potential to provide superiority in making rapid and accurate diagnosis as a practical diagnostic tool. This review article aims to provide information on using IgY antibodies in diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic applications for respiratory viruses and to provide a perspective for future innovative applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Budama-Kilinc
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkiye
- Health Biotechnology Joint Research and Application Center of Excellence, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozan Baris Kurtur
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahar Gok
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nisanur Cakmakci
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serda Kecel-Gunduz
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkiye
| | - Necdet Mehmet Unel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kastamonu University, Plantomics Research Laboratory, Kastamonu, Turkiye
- Research and Application Center, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkiye
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yadav M, Arora R, Dhanda M, Singh G, Mohan H, Lata S. TiO 2-guanine as a new amalgamation compound for fabrication of a disposable biosensor with high sensitivity and rapid detection of H1N1 swine flu virus. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:412. [PMID: 37740009 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
A TiO2-guanine nanocomposite (TG NC)-based electrochemical biosensor was immobilized with hemagglutinin (HA) gene specific probe with 5' NH2 group on screen-printed gold electrode (probe(ss)DNA-TG-SPGE). The modified biosensor was examined for H1N1 swine flu virus. TG NCs along with precursors were characterized spectroscopically and morphologically by employing several approaches. Electrochemical investigations were performed with the help of cyclic voltammetric (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in 0.1 M phosphate buffer saline (PBS; pH 7.4) with 1 µM methylene blue (MB) redox indicator. For better detection of single-stranded virus DNA, the modified electrode was optimized at various concentrations, pH, and scan rates. The modified biosensor showed high sensitivity (40.32 μA/ng.cm2), low LOD (0.00024 ng/6 µL), and broad linear range 0.0002-20 ng/6µL with coefficient of determination of R2=0.9981 for H1N1 virus detection. The HA gene-modified biosensor presented decent stability and specificity against different infectious pathogens including H3N2 virus and human DNA with negative response. Furthermore, the modified biosensor also responded well for real sample target DNA detection with a recovery of >96%. The simply designed HA gene-modified biosensor transduces decreased current response towards target-specific (ss)DNA binding and could be used as a rapid detection tool for H1N1 swine flu virus diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meena Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Dhanda
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre of Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124007, Haryana, India.
| | - Suman Lata
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Osanloo N, Ahmadi V, Naser-Moghaddasi M, Darabi E. Analytical study of gold-DNA nano core-shell cloaking characteristics for drug delivery and cancer therapy. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23244-23253. [PMID: 37533786 PMCID: PMC10392965 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03338d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cloaking characteristics of biocells can be considered as a factor to determine drug absorption by the tissues. The metal-organic core-shell structure can act as a cloak around the molecules of tissue and can be used as a nanomachine for drug delivery. Thus, we define a ratio of drug absorption based on frequency red-shift and the effective permittivity in the optical spectrum. Here, a cylinder of molecules coated by plasmonic nano core-shells is proposed for measuring the cloaking characteristics of biocells. The overall bandwidth of the proposed cloak for reflectance less than -10 dB is 36%. We check the effect of the filling factors of nanoparticles on the reflection and the frequency response of the tissue. Besides the frequency red-shift and change in the level of reflection, the phase and impedance are extracted. We could obtain the normalized scattering cross-section of 5 dB lower than the cylinder without cloak for the cylinder with a gold-DNA core-shell cloak. Here, we modify the Maxwell-Garnett equation for a cylindrical structure to obtain the effective value of the permittivity for cancer and normal tissues. The results show that obtained permittivity from the simulation has a good match with the calculated permittivity from the Maxwell-Garnet equation. Therefore, this approach can be considered as an efficient method for drug absorption and diagnosis of cancer cells from normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Osanloo
- Faculty of Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University Tehran Iran
| | | | - Elham Darabi
- Plasma Physics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pushan SS, Samantaray M, Rajagopalan M, Ramaswamy A. Evolution of Indian Influenza A (H1N1) Hemagglutinin Strains: A Comparative Analysis of the Pandemic Californian HA Strain. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1111869. [PMID: 37006623 PMCID: PMC10061220 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1111869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The need for a vaccine/inhibitor design has become inevitable concerning the emerging epidemic and pandemic viral infections, and the recent outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus is one such example. From 2009 to 2018, India faced severe fatalities due to the outbreak of the influenza A (H1N1) virus. In this study, the potential features of reported Indian H1N1 strains are analyzed in comparison with their evolutionarily closest pandemic strain, A/California/04/2009. The focus is laid on one of its surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA), which imparts a significant role in attacking the host cell surface and its entry. The extensive analysis performed, in comparison with the A/California/04/2009 strain, revealed significant point mutations in all Indian strains reported from 2009 to 2018. Due to these mutations, all Indian strains disclosed altered features at the sequence and structural levels, which are further presumed to be associated with their functional diversity as well. The mutations observed with the 2018 HA sequence such as S91R, S181T, S200P, I312V, K319T, I419M, and E523D might improve the fitness of the virus in a new host and environment. The higher fitness and decreased sequence similarity of mutated strains may compromise therapeutic efficacy. In particular, the mutations observed commonly, such as serine-to-threonine, alanine-to-threonine, and lysine-to-glutamine at various regions, alter the physico-chemical features of receptor-binding domains, N-glycosylation, and epitope-binding sites when compared with the reference strain. Such mutations render diversity among all Indian strains, and the structural and functional characterization of these strains becomes inevitable. In this study, we observed that mutational drift results in the alteration of the receptor-binding domain, the generation of new variant N-glycosylation along with novel epitope-binding sites, and modifications at the structural level. Eventually, the pressing need to develop potentially distinct next-generation therapeutic inhibitors against the HA strains of the Indian influenza A (H1N1) virus is also highlighted here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Sri Pushan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Mahesh Samantaray
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Muthukumaran Rajagopalan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
| | - Amutha Ramaswamy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang X, Li S, Qu H, Hao L, Shao T, Wang K, Xia Z, Li Z, Li Q. SERS-based immunomagnetic bead for rapid detection of H5N1 influenza virus. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13114. [PMID: 36909299 PMCID: PMC9996428 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently drawn attention in the detection of respiratory viruses, but there have been few reports of the direct detection of viruses. In this study, a sandwich immunomagnetic bead SERS was established for the rapid diagnosis of the H5N1 influenza virus. The detection limit was estimated to be 5.0 × 10-6 TCID50/ml. The method showed excellent specificity with no cross-reaction with H1N1, H5N6 or H9N2. The H5N1 influenza virus detection accuracy of the SERS method was 100% in chicken embryos. The results hold great promise for the utilization of SERS as an innovative approach in the diagnosis of influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
- Administration for Drug and Instrument Supervision and Inspection of PLAJLSFBeijingChina
| | - Song Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Han Qu
- Changchun Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Liangyu Hao
- Jilin Province Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Academy of SciencesChangchunJilinChina
| | - Ting Shao
- The People's Hospital of ChangchunChangchunChina
| | - Kai Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Zhiping Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Zhiping Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| | - Qianxue Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchunChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Naikoo GA, Arshad F, Hassan IU, Awan T, Salim H, Pedram MZ, Ahmed W, Patel V, Karakoti AS, Vinu A. Nanomaterials-based sensors for the detection of COVID-19: A review. Bioeng Transl Med 2022; 7:e10305. [PMID: 35599642 PMCID: PMC9110902 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the threat of increasing SARS-CoV-2 cases looming in front of us and no effective and safest vaccine available to curb this pandemic disease due to its sprouting variants, many countries have undergone a lockdown 2.0 or planning a lockdown 3.0. This has upstretched an unprecedented demand to develop rapid, sensitive, and highly selective diagnostic devices that can quickly detect coronavirus (COVID-19). Traditional techniques like polymerase chain reaction have proven to be time-inefficient, expensive, labor intensive, and impracticable in remote settings. This shifts the attention to alternative biosensing devices that can be successfully used to sense the COVID-19 infection and curb the spread of coronavirus cases. Among these, nanomaterial-based biosensors hold immense potential for rapid coronavirus detection because of their noninvasive and susceptible, as well as selective properties that have the potential to give real-time results at an economical cost. These diagnostic devices can be used for mass COVID-19 detection to understand the rapid progression of the infection and give better-suited therapies. This review provides an overview of existing and potential nanomaterial-based biosensors that can be used for rapid SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. Novel biosensors employing different detection mechanisms are also highlighted in different sections of this review. Practical tools and techniques required to develop such biosensors to make them reliable and portable have also been discussed in the article. Finally, the review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of nanomaterial-based biosensors in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowhar A. Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Israr U. Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Tasbiha Awan
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Hiba Salim
- Department of Mathematics and SciencesCollege of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar UniversitySalalahSultanate of Oman
| | - Mona Z. Pedram
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering‐Energy DivisionK.N. Toosi University of TechnologyTehranIran
| | - Waqar Ahmed
- School of Mathematics and Physics, College of ScienceUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Vaishwik Patel
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced NanomaterialsCollege of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | - Ajay S. Karakoti
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced NanomaterialsCollege of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | - Ajayan Vinu
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced NanomaterialsCollege of Engineering, Science and Environment, The University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang R, Liao T, Wang X, Zhai H, Yang D, Wang X, Wang H, Feng F. Second near-infrared fluorescent dye for lateral flow immunoassays rapid detection of influenza A/B virus. Anal Biochem 2022; 655:114847. [PMID: 35964731 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sensitive and rapid diagnostic point of care testing (POCT) system is of great significance to prevent and control human virus infection. Here reported an immunochromatographic strip technology. The second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescent dye encapsulated into polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles, was integrated into a lateral flow assay platform to achieve excellent detection of influenza A/B. This surface-functionalized and mono-dispersed PS nanoparticles has been conjugated with influenza nucleoprotein monoclonal antibody as targets for influenza antigen-detection. This assay achieved the detection limit of 0.015 ng/mL for influenza A nucleoprotein and 4.3*10-5 HAU/mL (102.08 TCID50/mL) influenza A virus (influenza B: 0.037 ng/mL, 9.7*10-7 HAU/mL (100.43 TCID50/mL)). Compared with an Au-based lateral flow test strip, the strip's sensitivity is about 16-fold higher than it. Strip detection properties remain stable for 6 months under 4 °C to 30 °C storage. The assay's intra assay variation is 5.14% and the inter assay variation is 7.74%. Other potential endogenous and exogenous interfering substances (whole blood, nasal mucin, saliva, antipyretics, antihistamines and neuraminidase inhibitors) showed negative results, which verified the excellent specificity of this method. This assay was successfully applied to the POCT quantitative detection of influenza A/B virus, the sensitivity to influenza A and B viruses was 70% and 87.5% respectively, and the specificity was 100%. Therefore, these microspheres can be used as an effective material for rapid POCT detection in clinical specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runxuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Tao Liao
- WWHS Biotech, Inc, China, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Public Security, Northwest University of Political Science and Law, China, Xi'an, 710122, China
| | - Hong Zhai
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China.
| | - Feng Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Biosensing, China, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali A, Nettey-Oppong EE, Effah E, Yu CY, Muhammad R, Soomro TA, Byun KM, Choi SH. Miniaturized Raman Instruments for SERS-Based Point-of-Care Testing on Respiratory Viruses. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12080590. [PMID: 36004986 PMCID: PMC9405795 DOI: 10.3390/bios12080590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been used to diagnose several respiratory viruses (e.g., influenza A virus subtypes such as H1N1 and the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2), SERS is gaining popularity as a method for diagnosing viruses at the point-of-care. Although the prior and quick diagnosis of respiratory viruses is critical in the outbreak of infectious disease, ELISA, PCR, and RT-PCR have been used to detect respiratory viruses for pandemic control that are limited for point-of-care testing. SERS provides quantitative data with high specificity and sensitivity in a real-time, label-free, and multiplex manner recognizing molecular fingerprints. Recently, the design of Raman spectroscopy system was simplified from a complicated design to a small and easily accessible form that enables point-of-care testing. We review the optical design (e.g., laser wavelength/power and detectors) of commercialized and customized handheld Raman instruments. As respiratory viruses have prominent risk on the pandemic, we review the applications of handheld Raman devices for detecting respiratory viruses. By instrumentation and commercialization advancements, the advent of the portable SERS device creates a fast, accurate, practical, and cost-effective analytical method for virus detection, and would continue to attract more attention in point-of-care testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ali
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Pakistan;
| | - Ezekiel Edward Nettey-Oppong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.E.N.-O.); (E.E.); (C.Y.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Elijah Effah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.E.N.-O.); (E.E.); (C.Y.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Chan Yeong Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.E.N.-O.); (E.E.); (C.Y.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Riaz Muhammad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.E.N.-O.); (E.E.); (C.Y.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Toufique Ahmed Soomro
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Quid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science and Technology, Larkana 77150, Pakistan;
| | - Kyung Min Byun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (E.E.N.-O.); (E.E.); (C.Y.Y.); (R.M.)
- Department of Integrative Medicine, Major in Digital Healthcare, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06229, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ram D, Bhandari DS, Tripathi D, Sharma K. Propagation of H1N1 virus through saliva movement in oesophagus: a mathematical model. EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS 2022; 137:866. [PMID: 35912042 PMCID: PMC9326416 DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-022-03070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
H1N1 (Swine flu) is caused by the influenza A virus which belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family. Influenza A is very harmful to the elderly, and people with chronic respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is essential to analyse the behaviour of virus transmission through the saliva movement in oesophagus. A mathematical paradigm is developed to study the saliva movement under the applications of transverse magnetic field. Jeffrey fluid model is considered for saliva to show the viscoelastic nature. The flow nature is considered creeping and assumptions of long wavelength and low Reynolds number are adopted for analytical solutions. The Basset-Boussinesq-Oseen equation is employed to understand the propagation of H1N1 virus through saliva under the effect of applicable forces such as gravity, virtual mass, basset force, and drag forces. The suitable data for saliva, oesophagus and H1N1 virus are taken from the existing literature for simulation of the results using MATLAB software. From the graphical results, it is observed that the susceptibility to viral infections is less because the magnetic field reduces the motion of the virus particle. Further, the chances of infections in males are more as compared to females and children due to variation in viscosity of saliva. Such findings provide an understanding of the mechanics of the virus floating through the saliva (viscoelastic fluids) in the oesophagus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daya Ram
- Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017 India
| | - D. S. Bhandari
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, Srinagar, 246174 India
| | - Dharmendra Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics, National Institute of Technology, Uttarakhand, Srinagar, 246174 India
| | - Kushal Sharma
- Department of Mathematics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302017 India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Manohara Reddy YV, Shin JH, Hwang J, Kweon DH, Choi CH, Park K, Kim SK, Madhavi G, Yi H, Park JP. Fine-tuning of MXene-nickel oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite bioelectrode: Sensor for the detection of influenza virus and viral protein. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 214:114511. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Lee WI, Subramanian A, Mueller S, Levon K, Nam CY, Rafailovich MH. Potentiometric Biosensors Based on Molecular-Imprinted Self-Assembled Monolayer Films for Rapid Detection of Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:5045-5055. [PMID: 35465271 PMCID: PMC9016774 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid, yet accurate and sensitive testing has been shown to be critical in the control of spreading pandemic diseases such as COVID-19. Current methods which are highly sensitive and can differentiate different strains are slow and cannot be conveniently applied at the point of care. Rapid tests, meanwhile, require a high titer and are not sufficiently sensitive to discriminate between strains. Here, we report a rapid and facile potentiometric detection method based on nanoscale, three-dimensional molecular imprints of analytes on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM), which can deliver analyte-specific detection of both whole virions and isolated proteins in microliter amounts of bodily fluids within minutes. The detection substrate with nanoscale inverse surface patterns of analytes formed by a SAM identifies a target analyte by recognizing its surface nano- and molecular structures, which can be monitored by temporal measurement of the change in substrate open-circuit potential. The sensor unambiguously detected and differentiated H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A virions as well as the spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle-East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus in human saliva with limits of detection reaching 200 PFU/mL and 100 pg/mL for the viral particles and spike proteins, respectively. The demonstrated speed and specificity of detection, combined with a low required sample volume, high sensitivity, ease of potentiometric measurement, and simple sample collection and preparation, suggest that the technique can be used as a highly effective point-of-care diagnostic platform for a fast, accurate, and specific detection of various viral pathogens and their variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Il Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ashwanth Subramanian
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | | | - Kalle Levon
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Chang-Yong Nam
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
- Center
for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven
National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Miriam H. Rafailovich
- Department
of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony
Brook, New York 11794, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Recent Advances in Quartz Crystal Microbalance Biosensors Based on the Molecular Imprinting Technique for Disease-Related Biomarkers. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10030106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The molecular imprinting technique is a quickly developing field of interest regarding the synthesis of artificial recognition elements that enable the specific determination of target molecule/analyte from a matrix. Recently, these smart materials can be successfully applied to biomolecule detection in biomimetic biosensors. These biosensors contain a biorecognition element (a bioreceptor) and a transducer, like their biosensor analogs. Here, the basic difference is that molecular imprinting-based biosensors use a synthetic recognition element. Molecular imprinting polymers used as the artificial recognition elements in biosensor platforms are complementary in shape, size, specific binding sites, and functionality to their template analytes. Recent progress in biomolecular recognition has supplied extra diagnostic and treatment methods for various diseases. Cost-effective, more robust, and high-throughput assays are needed for monitoring biomarkers in clinical settings. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensors are promising tools for the real-time and quick detection of biomolecules in the past two decades A quick, simple-to-use, and cheap biomarkers detection technology based on biosensors has been developed. This critical review presents current applications in molecular imprinting-based quartz crystal microbalance biosensors for the quantification of biomarkers for disease monitoring and diagnostic results.
Collapse
|
16
|
Yoshimi K, Takeshita K, Yamayoshi S, Shibumura S, Yamauchi Y, Yamamoto M, Yotsuyanagi H, Kawaoka Y, Mashimo T. CRISPR-Cas3-based diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus. iScience 2022; 25:103830. [PMID: 35128347 PMCID: PMC8801231 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-based diagnostics (CRISPR-dx), including the Cas12-based DETECTR and Cas13-based SHERLOCK Class 2 CRISPRs, have been used to detect the presence of DNA or RNA from pathogens, such as the 2009 pandemic influenza virus A (IAV) and the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Here, we describe the collateral single-stranded DNA cleavage with Class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas3 and highlight its potential for development as a Cas3-mediated rapid (within 40 min), low-cost, instrument-free detection method for SARS-CoV-2. This assay, which we call Cas3-Operated Nucleic Acid detectioN (CONAN), not only detects SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples, but also offers specific detection of single-base-pair mutations in IAV variants. This tool allows rapid and accurate point-of-care testing for patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 or drug-resistant IAV infections in hospitals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuto Yoshimi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Division of Genome Engineering, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kohei Takeshita
- Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | | | - Yuko Yamauchi
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Masaki Yamamoto
- Advanced Photon Technology Division, RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Division of Genome Engineering, Center for Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abdeldayem OM, Dabbish AM, Habashy MM, Mostafa MK, Elhefnawy M, Amin L, Al-Sakkari EG, Ragab A, Rene ER. Viral outbreaks detection and surveillance using wastewater-based epidemiology, viral air sampling, and machine learning techniques: A comprehensive review and outlook. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 803:149834. [PMID: 34525746 PMCID: PMC8379898 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A viral outbreak is a global challenge that affects public health and safety. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading globally, affecting millions of people worldwide, and led to significant loss of lives and deterioration of the global economy. The current adverse effects caused by the COVID-19 pandemic demands finding new detection methods for future viral outbreaks. The environment's transmission pathways include and are not limited to air, surface water, and wastewater environments. The wastewater surveillance, known as wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE), can potentially monitor viral outbreaks and provide a complementary clinical testing method. Another investigated outbreak surveillance technique that has not been yet implemented in a sufficient number of studies is the surveillance of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the air. Artificial intelligence (AI) and its related machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) technologies are currently emerging techniques for detecting viral outbreaks using global data. To date, there are no reports that illustrate the potential of using WBE with AI to detect viral outbreaks. This study investigates the transmission pathways of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and provides current updates on the surveillance of viral outbreaks using WBE, viral air sampling, and AI. It also proposes a novel framework based on an ensemble of ML and DL algorithms to provide a beneficial supportive tool for decision-makers. The framework exploits available data from reliable sources to discover meaningful insights and knowledge that allows researchers and practitioners to build efficient methods and protocols that accurately monitor and detect viral outbreaks. The proposed framework could provide early detection of viruses, forecast risk maps and vulnerable areas, and estimate the number of infected citizens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M Abdeldayem
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands.
| | - Areeg M Dabbish
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, Biology Department, School of Science and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Habashy
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamed K Mostafa
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elhefnawy
- CanmetENERGY, 1615 Lionel-Boulet Blvd, P.O. Box 4800, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Lobna Amin
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Built Environment, Aalto University, PO Box 15200, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Eslam G Al-Sakkari
- Chemical Engineering Department, Cairo University, Cairo University Road, 12613 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ragab
- CanmetENERGY, 1615 Lionel-Boulet Blvd, P.O. Box 4800, Varennes, Québec J3X 1P7, Canada; Department of Mathematics and Industrial Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, Québec H3T 1J4, Canada; Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, 32952, Menouf, Egypt
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Afroj S, Britnell L, Hasan T, Andreeva DV, Novoselov KS, Karim N. Graphene-Based Technologies for Tackling COVID-19 and Future Pandemics. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2107407. [PMID: 34899114 PMCID: PMC8646295 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the need for rapid tools and technologies to combat highly infectious viruses. The excellent electrical, mechanical and other functional properties of graphene and graphene-like 2D materials (2DM) can be utilized to develop novel and innovative devices to tackle COVID-19 and future pandemics. Here, the authors outline how graphene and other 2DM-based technologies can be used for the detection, protection, and continuous monitoring of infectious diseases including COVID-19. The authors highlight the potential of 2DM-based biosensors in rapid testing and tracing of viruses to enable isolation of infected patients, and stop the spread of viruses. The possibilities of graphene-based wearable devices are discussed for continuous monitoring of COVID-19 symptoms. The authors also provide an overview of the personal protective equipment, and potential filtration mechanisms to separate, destroy or degrade highly infectious viruses, and the potential of graphene and other 2DM to increase their efficiency, and enhance functional and mechanical properties. Graphene and other 2DM could not only play a vital role for tackling the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic but also provide technology platforms and tools for the protection, detection and monitoring of future viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaila Afroj
- Centre for Print Research The University of West of EnglandBristolBS16 1QYUK
| | - Liam Britnell
- Graphene Engineering and Innovation Centre (GEIC)The University of ManchesterManchesterM13 9PLUK
| | - Tahmid Hasan
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringBangladesh University of TextilesTejgaonDhaka 1208Bangladesh
| | - Daria V. Andreeva
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Kostya S. Novoselov
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Institute for Functional Intelligent MaterialsNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials InstituteLiangjiang New AreaChongqing400714China
| | - Nazmul Karim
- Centre for Print Research The University of West of EnglandBristolBS16 1QYUK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Saatçi E, Natarajan S. State-of-the-art colloidal particles and unique interfaces-based SARS-CoV-2 detection methods and COVID-19 diagnosis. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 55:101469. [PMID: 34093063 PMCID: PMC8164518 DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In March 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-based infections were declared 'COVID-19 pandemic' by the World Health Organization. Pandemic raised the necessity to design and develop genuine and sensitive tests for precise specific SARS-CoV-2 infections detection. Nanotechnological methods offer new ways to fight COVID-19. Nanomaterials are ideal for unique sensor platforms because of their chemically versatile properties and they are easy to manufacture. In this context, selected examples for integrating nanomaterials and distinct biosensor platforms are given to detect SARS-CoV-2 biological materials and COVID-19 biomarkers, giving researchers and scientists more goals and a better forecast to design more relevant and novel sensor arrays for COVID-19 diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Saatçi
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Satheesh Natarajan
- Healthcare Technology Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, 600113, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Courtney SJ, Stromberg ZR, Myers y Gutiérrez A, Jacobsen D, Stromberg LR, Lenz KD, Theiler J, Foley BT, Gans J, Yusim K, Kubicek-Sutherland JZ. Optical Biosensor Platforms Display Varying Sensitivity for the Direct Detection of Influenza RNA. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:367. [PMID: 34677323 PMCID: PMC8534094 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Detection methods that do not require nucleic acid amplification are advantageous for viral diagnostics due to their rapid results. These platforms could provide information for both accurate diagnoses and pandemic surveillance. Influenza virus is prone to pandemic-inducing genetic mutations, so there is a need to apply these detection platforms to influenza diagnostics. Here, we analyzed the Fast Evaluation of Viral Emerging Risks (FEVER) pipeline on ultrasensitive detection platforms, including a waveguide-based optical biosensor and a flow cytometry bead-based assay. The pipeline was also evaluated in silico for sequence coverage in comparison to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) influenza A and B diagnostic assays. The influenza FEVER probe design had a higher tolerance for mismatched bases than the CDC's probes, and the FEVER probes altogether had a higher detection rate for influenza isolate sequences from GenBank. When formatted for use as molecular beacons, the FEVER probes detected influenza RNA as low as 50 nM on the waveguide-based optical biosensor and 1 nM on the flow cytometer. In addition to molecular beacons, which have an inherently high background signal we also developed an exonuclease selection method that could detect 500 pM of RNA. The combination of high-coverage probes developed using the FEVER pipeline coupled with ultrasensitive optical biosensors is a promising approach for future influenza diagnostic and biosurveillance applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Courtney
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (S.J.C.); (Z.R.S.); (D.J.); (L.R.S.); (K.D.L.)
| | - Zachary R. Stromberg
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (S.J.C.); (Z.R.S.); (D.J.); (L.R.S.); (K.D.L.)
| | - Adán Myers y Gutiérrez
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (A.M.y.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Daniel Jacobsen
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (S.J.C.); (Z.R.S.); (D.J.); (L.R.S.); (K.D.L.)
| | - Loreen R. Stromberg
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (S.J.C.); (Z.R.S.); (D.J.); (L.R.S.); (K.D.L.)
| | - Kiersten D. Lenz
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (S.J.C.); (Z.R.S.); (D.J.); (L.R.S.); (K.D.L.)
| | - James Theiler
- Space Data Science and Systems, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Brian T. Foley
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Jason Gans
- Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (A.M.y.G.); (J.G.)
| | - Karina Yusim
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;
| | - Jessica Z. Kubicek-Sutherland
- Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; (S.J.C.); (Z.R.S.); (D.J.); (L.R.S.); (K.D.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen X, Zhou Q, Li S, Yan H, Chang B, Wang Y, Dong S. Rapid and Visual Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Multiplex Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Linked With Gold Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Biosensor. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:581239. [PMID: 34336708 PMCID: PMC8316814 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.581239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus that has caused the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world. In the absence of appropriate antiviral drugs or vaccines, developing a simple, rapid, and reliable assay for SARS-CoV-2 is necessary for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 transmission. Methods A novel molecular diagnosis technique, named multiplex reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, that has been linked to a nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor (mRT-LAMP-LFB) was applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 based on the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and N genes, and the mRT-LAMP products were analyzed using nanoparticle-based lateral flow biosensor. The mRT-LAMP-LFB amplification conditions, including the target RNA concentration, amplification temperature, and time were optimized. The sensitivity and specificity of the mRT-LAMP-LFB method were tested in the current study, and the mRT-LAMP-LFB assay was applied to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus from clinical samples and artificial sputum samples. Results The SARS-CoV-2 specific primers based on the RdRp and N genes were valid for the establishment of mRT-LAMP-LFB assay to detect the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The multiple-RT-LAMP amplification condition was optimized at 63°C for 30 min. The full process, including reaction preparation, viral RNA extraction, RT-LAMP, and product identification, could be achieved in 80 min. The limit of detection (LoD) of the mRT-LAMP-LFB technology was 20 copies per reaction. The specificity of mRT-LAMP-LFB detection was 100%, and no cross-reactions to other respiratory pathogens were observed. Conclusion The mRT-LAMP-LFB technique developed in the current study is a simple, rapid, and reliable method with great specificity and sensitivity when it comes to identifying SARS-CoV-2 virus for prevention and control of the COVID-19 disease, especially in resource-constrained regions of the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- The Second Clinical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Laboratory of Bacterial Infectious Disease of Experimental Centre, Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingxue Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, Hangzhou Women's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Li
- Laboratory of Bacterial Infectious Disease of Experimental Centre, Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang, China
| | - Hao Yan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bingcheng Chang
- The Second Clinical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China.,Central Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuexia Wang
- TCM Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shilei Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Etienne EE, Nunna BB, Talukder N, Wang Y, Lee ES. COVID-19 Biomarkers and Advanced Sensing Technologies for Point-of-Care (POC) Diagnosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:98. [PMID: 34356205 PMCID: PMC8301167 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8070098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2 is a novel, respiratory virus currently plaguing humanity. Genetically, at its core, it is a single-strand positive-sense RNA virus. It is a beta-type Coronavirus and is distinct in its structure and binding mechanism compared to other types of coronaviruses. Testing for the virus remains a challenge due to the small market available for at-home detection. Currently, there are three main types of tests for biomarker detection: viral, antigen and antibody. Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) remains the gold standard for viral testing. However, the lack of quantitative detection and turnaround time for results are drawbacks. This manuscript focuses on recent advances in COVID-19 detection that have lower limits of detection and faster response times than RT-PCR testing. The advancements in sensing platforms have amplified the detection levels and provided real-time results for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein detection with limits as low as 1 fg/mL in the Graphene Field Effect Transistor (FET) sensor. Additionally, using multiple biomarkers, detection levels can achieve a specificity and sensitivity level comparable to that of PCR testing. Proper biomarker selection coupled with nano sensing detection platforms are key in the widespread use of Point of Care (POC) diagnosis in COVID-19 detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Emmanuel Etienne
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (E.E.E.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Bharath Babu Nunna
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (E.E.E.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (Y.W.)
- Division of Engineering in Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham, and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niladri Talukder
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (E.E.E.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yudong Wang
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (E.E.E.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (Y.W.)
| | - Eon Soo Lee
- Advanced Energy Systems and Microdevices Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA; (E.E.E.); (B.B.N.); (N.T.); (Y.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Graphene Bioelectronic Nose for the Detection of Odorants with Human Olfactory Receptor 2AG1. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9070174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A real-time sensor for the detection of amyl butyrate (AB) utilising human olfactory receptor 2AG1 (OR2AG1), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) consisting of seven transmembrane domains, immobilized onto a graphene resistor is demonstrated. Using CVD graphene as the sensor platform, allows greater potential for more sensitive detection than similar sensors based on carbon nanotubes, gold or graphene oxide platforms. A specific graphene resistor sensor was fabricated and modified via non-covalent π–π stacking of 1,5 diaminonaphthalene (DAN) onto the graphene channel, and subsequent anchoring of the OR2AG1 receptor to the DAN molecule using glutaraldehyde coupling. Binding between the target odorant, amyl butyrate, and the OR2AG1 receptor protein generated a change in resistance of the graphene resistor sensor. The functionalized graphene resistor sensors exhibited a linear sensor response between 0.1–500 pM and high selectively towards amyl butyrate, with a sensitivity as low as 500 fM, whilst control measurements using non-specific esters, produced a negligible sensor response. The approach described here provides an alternative sensing platform that can be used in bioelectronic nose applications.
Collapse
|
24
|
Piri A, Kim HR, Park DH, Hwang J. Increased survivability of coronavirus and H1N1 influenza virus under electrostatic aerosol-to-hydrosol sampling. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125417. [PMID: 33930959 PMCID: PMC7879034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Airborne virus susceptibility is an underlying cause of severe respiratory diseases, raising pandemic alerts worldwide. Following the first reports of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in 2019 and its rapid spread worldwide and the outbreak of a new highly variable strain of influenza A virus (H1N1) in 2009, developing quick, accurate monitoring and diagnostic approaches for emerging infections is considered critical. Efficient air sampling of coronaviruses and the H1N1 virus allows swift, real-time identification, triggering early adjuvant interventions. Electrostatic precipitation is an efficient method for sampling bio-aerosols as hydrosols; however, sampling conditions critically impact this method. Corona discharge ionizes surrounding air, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may impair virus structural components, leading to RNA and/or protein damage and preventing virus detection. Herein, ascorbic acid (AA) dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as the sampling solution of an electrostatic sampler to counteract virus particle impairment, increasing virus survivability throughout sampling. The findings of this study indicate that the use of PBS+AA is effective in reducing the ROS damage of viral RNA by 95%, viral protein by 45% and virus yield by 60%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Piri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Rae Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hoon Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yu L, Wang J, Li X, Mao L, Sui Y, Chen W, Pelechano V, Guo X, Yin X. Simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus with real-time isothermal platform. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07584. [PMID: 34307953 PMCID: PMC8280398 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent ongoing outbreak of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (known as COVID-19) is a severe threat to human health worldwide. By press time, more than 3.3 million people have died from COVID-19, with many countries experiencing peaks in infections and hospitalizations. The main symptoms of infection with SARS-CoV-2 include fever, chills, coughing, shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, fatigue, muscle or body aches and pains. While the symptoms of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus have many similarities to the signs and transmission routes of the novel coronavirus, e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. And a few cases of serious illness, rapid progress, can appear viral pneumonia, combined with respiratory failure, multiple organ function damage, serious people can die. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid and accurate field diagnostic method to effectively identify the two viruses and treat these early infections on time, thus helping to control the spread of the disease. Among molecular detection methods, RT-LAMP (real-time reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification) has some advantages in pathogen detection due to its rapid, accurate and effective detection characteristics. Here, we combined the primers of the two viruses with the fluorescent probes on the RT-LAMP detection platform to detect the two viruses simultaneously. Firstly, RT-LAMP method was used respectively to detect the two viruses at different concentrations to determine the effectiveness and sensitivity of probe primers to the RNA samples. And then, the two virus samples were detected simultaneously in the same reaction tube to validate if testing for the two viruses together had an impact on the results compared to detecting alone. We verified the detection efficiency of three highly active BST variants during RT-LAMP assay. We expect that this assay can effectively and accurately distinguish COVID-19 from the pandemic (H1N1) 2009, so that these two diseases with similar symptoms can be appropriately differentiated and treated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yu
- Applied Biology Laboratory, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 110142, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyao Wang
- Biotech & Biomedicine (Shenyang) Group Ltd., Shenyang, 110000, China
| | - Xuelong Li
- Applied Biology Laboratory, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 110142, Shenyang, China
| | - Lingling Mao
- Liaoning Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 110005, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yi Sui
- Department of Neurology, Shenyang First People's Hospital (Shenyang Brain Hospital), Shenyang, 110041, China
| | - Weihua Chen
- Biotech & Biomedicine (Shenyang) Group Ltd., Shenyang, 110000, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Molecular-imaging, Center for Artificial Intelligence Biology, Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, Hubei, China
- College of Life Science, HeNan Normal University, 453007 Xinxiang, Henan, China
- Pluri Biotech Co.Ltd, Xuzhou, 221001, China
| | - Vicent Pelechano
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna 17165, Sweden
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiushan Yin
- Applied Biology Laboratory, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, 110142, Shenyang, China
- Biotech & Biomedicine (Shenyang) Group Ltd., Shenyang, 110000, China
- SciLifeLab, Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institute, Solna 17165, Sweden
- Pluri Biotech Co.Ltd, Xuzhou, 221001, China
- Nanog Biotech Co.Ltd, Shanghai, 200000, China
- Biotech & Biomedicine Science (Jiangxi) Co. Ltd, Ganzhou, 341000, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110024, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yadav AK, Verma D, Kumar A, Kumar P, Solanki PR. The perspectives of biomarker-based electrochemical immunosensors, artificial intelligence and the Internet of Medical Things toward COVID-19 diagnosis and management. MATERIALS TODAY. CHEMISTRY 2021; 20:100443. [PMID: 33615086 PMCID: PMC7877231 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the COVID-19 an international health emergency due to the severity of infection progression, which became more severe due to its continuous spread globally and the unavailability of appropriate therapy and diagnostics systems. Thus, there is a need for efficient devices to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection at an early stage. Nowadays, the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique is being applied for detecting this virus around the globe; however, factors such as stringent expertise, long diagnostic times, invasive and painful screening, and high costs have restricted the use of RT-PCR methods for rapid diagnostics. Therefore, the development of cost-effective, portable, sensitive, prompt and selective sensing systems to detect SARS-CoV-2 in biofluids at fM/pM/nM concentrations would be a breakthrough in diagnostics. Immunosensors that show increased specificity and sensitivity are considerably fast and do not imply costly reagents or instruments, reducing the cost for COVID-19 detection. The current developments in immunosensors perhaps signify the most significant opportunity for a rapid assay to detect COVID-19, without the need of highly skilled professionals and specialized tools to interpret results. Artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) can also be equipped with this immunosensing approach to investigate useful networking through database management, sharing, and analytics to prevent and manage COVID-19. Herein, we represent the collective concepts of biomarker-based immunosensors along with AI and IoMT as smart sensing strategies with bioinformatics approach to monitor non-invasive early stage SARS-CoV-2 development, with fast point-of-care (POC) diagnostics as the crucial goal. This approach should be implemented quickly and verified practicality for clinical samples before being set in the present times for mass-diagnostic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Yadav
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - D Verma
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201301, India
| | - A Kumar
- National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - P Kumar
- Sri Aurobindo College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - P R Solanki
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Amin M, Siddiqui O, Abutarboush H, Farhat M, Ramzan R. A THz graphene metasurface for polarization selective virus sensing. CARBON 2021; 176:580-591. [PMID: 33612849 PMCID: PMC7881294 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2021.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel method to exploit chirality of highly sensitive graphene plasmonic metasurfaces to characterize complex refractive indexes (RI) of viruses by detecting the polarization state of the reflected electric fields in the THz spectrum. A dispersive graphene metasurface is designed to produce chiral surface currents to couple linearly polarized incident fields to circularly polarized reflected fields. The metasurface sensing sensitivity is the result of surface plasmon currents that flow in a chiral fashion with strong intensity due to the underlying geometrical resonance. Consequently, unique polarization states are observed in the far-field with the ellipticity values that change rapidly with the analyte's RI. The determination of bimolecular RI is treated as an inverse problem in which the polarization states of the virus is compared with a pre-calculated calibration model that is obtained by full-wave electromagnetic simulations. We demonstrate the polarization selective sensing method by RI discrimination of three different types of Avian Influenza (AI) viruses including H1N1, H5N2, and H9N2 is possible. Since the proposed virus characterization method only requires determination of the polarization ellipses including its orientation at monochromatic frequency, the required instrumentation is simpler compared to traditional spectroscopic methods which need a broadband frequency scan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Amin
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - O Siddiqui
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Abutarboush
- College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Farhat
- Division of Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Ramzan
- National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Suaifan GARY, Alkhawaja BA, Mohammed AAM. RNA Coronaviruses' Outbreaks: Recent Progress on the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Diagnostic Tests, Vaccination and Therapeutics. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 22:617-628. [PMID: 33888048 DOI: 10.2174/1389557521666210422113915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Coronaviruses are RNA-infective viruses that could be considered principal players in universal high-profile outbreaks, namely the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS, 2002-2003), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS, 2012) and the continuing novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, 2019) pandemic. RNA coronaviruses infections raise public health concerns with infections' severity ranging from serious pandemics and highly contagious infections to common influenza episodes. With a wide consensus concerning the seminal role of early detection of the infectious agent on the clinical prognosis, recent technological endeavors have facilitated the rapid, sensitive and specific diagnosis of viral infections. Given that the burst of confirmed cases of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are climbing steeply, and we are amid this pandemic, this work will center at the respiratory RNA-viruses outbreaks, including the three coronaviruses-related pandemics, emphasizing on the approved diagnostic approaches, outlining therapeutic clinical trials as well as vaccine candidates. Based on the accumulated data and knowledge on the previous RNA-virus outbreaks, this review aspires to link the current intervention measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection with the previous interventions and to provide a roadmap for any possible future measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghadeer A R Y Suaifan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Bayan A Alkhawaja
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Department of pharmacy, The Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, The University of Petra, Amman 11196, Jordan
| | - Aya A M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Li Y, Peng Z, Holl NJ, Hassan MR, Pappas JM, Wei C, Izadi OH, Wang Y, Dong X, Wang C, Huang YW, Kim D, Wu C. MXene-Graphene Field-Effect Transistor Sensing of Influenza Virus and SARS-CoV-2. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6643-6653. [PMID: 33748577 PMCID: PMC7944395 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
An MXene-graphene field-effect transistor (FET) sensor for both influenza virus and 2019-nCoV sensing was developed and characterized. The developed sensor combines the high chemical sensitivity of MXene and the continuity of large-area high-quality graphene to form an ultra-sensitive virus-sensing transduction material (VSTM). Through polymer linking, we are able to utilize antibody-antigen binding to achieve electrochemical signal transduction when viruses are deposited onto the VSTM surface. The MXene-graphene VSTM was integrated into a microfluidic channel that can directly receive viruses in solution. The developed sensor was tested with various concentrations of antigens from two viruses: inactivated influenza A (H1N1) HA virus ranging from 125 to 250,000 copies/mL and a recombinant 2019-nCoV spike protein ranging from 1 fg/mL to 10 pg/mL. The average response time was about ∼50 ms, which is significantly faster than the existing real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method (>3 h). The low limit of detection (125 copies/mL for the influenza virus and 1 fg/mL for the recombinant 2019-nCoV spike protein) has demonstrated the sensitivity of the MXene-graphene VSTM on the FET platform to virus sensing. Especially, the high signal-to-viral load ratio (∼10% change in source-drain current and gate voltage) also demonstrates the ultra-sensitivity of the developed MXene-graphene FET sensor. In addition, the specificity of the sensor was also demonstrated by depositing the inactivated influenza A (H1N1) HA virus and the recombinant 2019-nCoV spike protein onto microfluidic channels with opposite antibodies, producing signal differences that are about 10 times lower. Thus, we have successfully fabricated a relatively low-cost, ultrasensitive, fast-responding, and specific inactivated influenza A (H1N1) and 2019-nCoV sensor with the MXene-graphene VSTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Li
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Zhekun Peng
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65401, United States
| | - Natalie J. Holl
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Missouri University
of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Md. Rifat Hassan
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - John M. Pappas
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Congjie Wei
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Omid Hoseini Izadi
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65401, United States
| | - Yang Wang
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Xiangyang Dong
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - Yue-Wern Huang
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Missouri University
of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| | - DongHyun Kim
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65401, United States
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Department
of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Saviñon-Flores F, Méndez E, López-Castaños M, Carabarin-Lima A, López-Castaños KA, González-Fuentes MA, Méndez-Albores A. A Review on SERS-Based Detection of Human Virus Infections: Influenza and Coronavirus. BIOSENSORS 2021; 11:66. [PMID: 33670852 PMCID: PMC7997427 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The diagnosis of respiratory viruses of zoonotic origin (RVsZO) such as influenza and coronaviruses in humans is crucial, because their spread and pandemic threat are the highest. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an analytical technique with promising impact for the point-of-care diagnosis of viruses. It has been applied to a variety of influenza A virus subtypes, such as the H1N1 and the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this work, a review of the strategies used for the detection of RVsZO by SERS is presented. In addition, relevant information about the SERS technique, anthropozoonosis, and RVsZO is provided for a better understanding of the theme. The direct identification is based on trapping the viruses within the interstices of plasmonic nanoparticles and recording the SERS signal from gene fragments or membrane proteins. Quantitative mono- and multiplexed assays have been achieved following an indirect format through a SERS-based sandwich immunoassay. Based on this review, the development of multiplex assays that incorporate the detection of RVsZO together with their specific biomarkers and/or secondary disease biomarkers resulting from the infection progress would be desirable. These configurations could be used as a double confirmation or to evaluate the health condition of the patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Saviñon-Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (F.S.-F.); (E.M.); (M.A.G.-F.)
| | - Erika Méndez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (F.S.-F.); (E.M.); (M.A.G.-F.)
| | - Mónica López-Castaños
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Alejandro Carabarin-Lima
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Karen A. López-Castaños
- Centro de Química-ICUAP-Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| | - Miguel A. González-Fuentes
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico; (F.S.-F.); (E.M.); (M.A.G.-F.)
| | - Alia Méndez-Albores
- Centro de Química-ICUAP-Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, 72570 Puebla, Mexico;
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Srivastava M, Srivastava N, Mishra PK, Malhotra BD. Prospects of nanomaterials-enabled biosensors for COVID-19 detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 754:142363. [PMID: 33254928 PMCID: PMC7492839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We are currently facing the COVID-19 pandemic which is the consequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Since no specific vaccines or drugs have been developed till date for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection, early diagnosis is essential to further combat this pandemic. In this context, the reliable, rapid, and low-cost technique for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis is the foremost priority. At present reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is the reference technique presently being used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in a number of cases, false results have been noticed in COVID-19 diagnosis. To develop advanced techniques, researchers are continuously working and in the series of constant efforts, nanomaterials-enabled biosensing approaches can be a hope to offer novel techniques that may perhaps meet the current demand of fast and early diagnosis of COVID-19 cases. This paper provides an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic and nanomaterials-enabled biosensing approaches that have been recently reported for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Though limited studies on the development of nanomaterials enabled biosensing techniques for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported, this review summarizes nanomaterials mediated improved biosensing strategies and the possible mechanisms that may be responsible for the diagnosis of the COVID-19 disease. It is reviewed that nanomaterials e.g. gold nanostructures, lanthanide-doped polysterene nanoparticles (NPs), graphene and iron oxide NPs can be potentially used to develop advanced techniques offered by colorimetric, amperometric, impedimetric, fluorescence, and optomagnetic based biosensing of SARS-CoV-2. Finally, critical issues that are likely to accelerate the development of nanomaterials-enabled biosensing for SARS-CoV-2 infection have been discussed in detail. This review may serve as a guide for the development of advanced techniques for nanomaterials enabled biosensing to fulfill the present demand of low-cost, rapid and early diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India.
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - P K Mishra
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, India
| | - Bansi D Malhotra
- Nano-Bioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Main Bawana Road, Delhi 110042, India.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ravina, Manjeet, Mohan H, Narang J, Pundir S, Pundir CS. A changing trend in diagnostic methods of Influenza A (H3N2) virus in human: a review. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 33495723 PMCID: PMC7816835 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza virus is classified into four types A, B, C, and D, but type A and B are responsible for major illnesses in people with influenza A being the only virus responsible for flu pandemics due to the presence of two surface proteins called hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) on the virus. The two subtypes of influenza A virus, H1N1 and H3N2, have been known to cause many flu pandemics. Both subtypes change genetically and antigenically to produce variants (clades and subclades, also know as groups and subgroups). H3N2 tends to change rapidly, both genetically and antigenically whereas that of H1N1 generally tends to have smaller changes. Influenza A (H3N2) viruses have evolved to form many separate, genetically different clades that continue to co-circulate. Influenza A(H3N2) viruses have caused significant deaths as per WHO report. The review describes methods for detection of influenza A(H3N2) viruses by conventional serological methods as well as the advanced methods of molecular biology and biosensors. All these methods are based on different parameters and have different targets but the goal is to improve specificity and increase sensitivity. Amongst the molecular methods, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is considered a gold standard test due to its many advantages whereas a number of other molecular methods are time-consuming, complex to perform or lack specificity. The review also considers bio-sensing methods for simple, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific detection of H3N2. The classification and principle of various H3N2 biosensors are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravina
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Manjeet
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Hari Mohan
- Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001 India
| | - Jagriti Narang
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shikha Pundir
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kawasaki H, Suzuki H, Maekawa M, Hariyama T. Combination of the NanoSuit method and gold/platinum particle-based lateral flow assay for quantitative and highly sensitive diagnosis using a desktop scanning electron microscope. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113924. [PMID: 33581588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its simplicity and low cost, the lateral flow assay (LFA) is one of the most commonly used point-of-care diagnostic techniques, despite its low sensitivity and poor quantification. Here, we report a newly developed LFA-NanoSuit method (LNSM) combined with a desktop scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the direct observation of immunocomplexes labeled with a colloidal metal instead of signal enhancement strategies, such as using color, electrochemical signals, silver enhancement, magnetic properties, luminescent, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The proposed LNSM suppresses cellulose deformity, thereby allowing the acquisition of high-resolution images of gold/platinum-labeled immunocomplexed pathogens such as influenza A, without conductive treatment as in conventional SEM. Electron microscopy-based diagnosis of influenza A exhibited 94 % clinical sensitivity (29/31; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 79.3-98.2 %) and 100 % clinical specificity (95 % CI: 98.1-100 %), which was more sensitive (71.4 %) than visual detection (14.3 %), especially in the lower influenza A-RNA copy number group. The detection ability of our method was nearly comparable to that of real-time reverse transcription-PCR. This is the first report on the diagnosis of clinical diseases using LFA equipped with a desktop SEM. This simple and highly sensitive quantitative analysis method involving LFA can be used to diagnose various diseases in humans and livestock, including highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Biomimetic Nanopillar-Based Biosensor for Label-Free Detection of Influenza A Virus. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2021; 15:260-267. [PMID: 34122741 PMCID: PMC8184868 DOI: 10.1007/s13206-021-00027-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Since the first emergence of influenza viruses, they have caused the flu seasonally worldwide. Precise detection of influenza viruses is required to prevent the spreading of the disease. Herein, we developed an optical biosensor using peptide-immobilized nanopillar structures for the label-free detection of influenza viruses. The spin-on-glass nanopillar structures were fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. A sialic acid-mimic peptide, which can specifically bind to hemagglutinin on the surface of the influenza virus, was immobilized onto the nanopillars via polymerized dopamine. The constructed nanopillar sensor enabled us to detect influenza A viruses in the range of 103-105 plaque-forming units through simple measurements of reflectance. Our findings suggest that biomimetic modification of nanopillar structures can be an alternative method for the immunodiagnosis of influenza viruses.
Collapse
|
35
|
Narita F, Wang Z, Kurita H, Li Z, Shi Y, Jia Y, Soutis C. A Review of Piezoelectric and Magnetostrictive Biosensor Materials for Detection of COVID-19 and Other Viruses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005448. [PMID: 33230875 PMCID: PMC7744850 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus has changed the lives of people around the world with a huge impact on economies and societies. The development of wearable sensors that can continuously monitor the environment for viruses may become an important research area. Here, the state of the art of research on biosensor materials for virus detection is reviewed. A general description of the principles for virus detection is included, along with a critique of the experimental work dedicated to various virus sensors, and a summary of their detection limitations. The piezoelectric sensors used for the detection of human papilloma, vaccinia, dengue, Ebola, influenza A, human immunodeficiency, and hepatitis B viruses are examined in the first section; then the second part deals with magnetostrictive sensors for the detection of bacterial spores, proteins, and classical swine fever. In addition, progress related to early detection of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) is discussed in the final section, where remaining challenges in the field are also identified. It is believed that this review will guide material researchers in their future work of developing smart biosensors, which can further improve detection sensitivity in monitoring currently known and future virus threats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Narita
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced EnvironmentGraduate School of Environmental StudiesTohoku UniversityAoba‐yama 6‐6‐02Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Zhenjin Wang
- Department of Materials ProcessingGraduate School of EngineeringTohoku UniversityAoba‐yama 6‐6‐02Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurita
- Department of Frontier Sciences for Advanced EnvironmentGraduate School of Environmental StudiesTohoku UniversityAoba‐yama 6‐6‐02Sendai980‐8579Japan
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Automation EngineeringNanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics29 Jiangjun AvenueNanjing211106China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of ChesterThornton Science Park, Pool LaneChesterCH2 4NUUK
| | - Yu Jia
- School of Engineering and Applied ScienceAston UniversityBirminghamB4 7ETUK
| | - Constantinos Soutis
- Aerospace Research InstituteThe University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM13 9PLUK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ribeiro BV, Cordeiro TAR, Oliveira E Freitas GR, Ferreira LF, Franco DL. Biosensors for the detection of respiratory viruses: A review. TALANTA OPEN 2020; 2:100007. [PMID: 34913046 PMCID: PMC7428963 DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2020.100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent events of outbreaks related to different respiratory viruses in the past few years, exponentiated by the pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported worldwide caused by SARS-CoV-2, raised a concern and increased the search for more information on viruses-based diseases. The detection of the virus with high specificity and sensitivity plays an important role for an accurate diagnosis. Despite the many efforts to identify the SARS-CoV-2, the diagnosis still relays on expensive and time-consuming analysis. A fast and reliable alternative is the use of low-cost biosensor for in loco detection. This review gathers important contributions in the biosensor area regarding the most current respiratory viruses, presents the advances in the assembly of the devices and figures of merit. All information is useful for further biosensor development for the detection of respiratory viruses, such as for the new coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brayan Viana Ribeiro
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology (RMPCT), Laboratory of Electroanlytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE) - Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia - campus Patos de Minas, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, 38.700-128, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais 38700-128, Brazil
| | - Taís Aparecida Reis Cordeiro
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Ramos Oliveira E Freitas
- Laboratory of Microbiology (MICRO), Biotechnology Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia - campus Patos de Minas - Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, 38.700-128, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucas Franco Ferreira
- Institute of Science and Technology, Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Applied Nanotechnology, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Diego Leoni Franco
- Group of Electrochemistry Applied to Polymers and Sensors - Multidisciplinary Group of Research, Science and Technology (RMPCT), Laboratory of Electroanlytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE) - Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia - campus Patos de Minas, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 230, 38.700-128, Patos de Minas, Minas Gerais 38700-128, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Orooji Y, Sohrabi H, Hemmat N, Oroojalian F, Baradaran B, Mokhtarzadeh A, Mohaghegh M, Karimi-Maleh H. An Overview on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and Other Human Coronaviruses and Their Detection Capability via Amplification Assay, Chemical Sensing, Biosensing, Immunosensing, and Clinical Assays. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 13:18. [PMID: 33163530 PMCID: PMC7604542 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00533-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus of zoonotic origin (SARS-CoV-2) has recently been recognized in patients with acute respiratory disease. COVID-19 causative agent is structurally and genetically similar to SARS and bat SARS-like coronaviruses. The drastic increase in the number of coronavirus and its genome sequence have given us an unprecedented opportunity to perform bioinformatics and genomics analysis on this class of viruses. Clinical tests like PCR and ELISA for rapid detection of this virus are urgently needed for early identification of infected patients. However, these techniques are expensive and not readily available for point-of-care (POC) applications. Currently, lack of any rapid, available, and reliable POC detection method gives rise to the progression of COVID-19 as a horrible global problem. To solve the negative features of clinical investigation, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of coronaviruses and describe various amplification assays, sensing, biosensing, immunosensing, and aptasensing for the determination of various groups of coronaviruses applied as a template for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. All sensing and biosensing techniques developed for the determination of various classes of coronaviruses are useful to recognize the newly immerged coronavirus, i.e., SARS-CoV-2. Also, the introduction of sensing and biosensing methods sheds light on the way of designing a proper screening system to detect the virus at the early stage of infection to tranquilize the speed and vastity of spreading. Among other approaches investigated among molecular approaches and PCR or recognition of viral diseases, LAMP-based methods and LFAs are of great importance for their numerous benefits, which can be helpful to design a universal platform for detection of future emerging pathogenic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Orooji
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hessamaddin Sohrabi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471 Iran
| | - Nima Hemmat
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Oroojalian
- Department of Advanced Sciences and Technologies in Medicine, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Mokhtarzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohamad Mohaghegh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, School of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Quchan University of Technology, Quchan, Islamic Republic of Iran
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, Chengdu, 611731 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, PO Box 17011, Johannesburg, 2028 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang L, Alexander CA. COVID-19 Compared with Other Viral Diseases: Novelties, Progress, and Challenges. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/8575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
39
|
Soler M, Estevez MC, Cardenosa-Rubio M, Astua A, Lechuga LM. How Nanophotonic Label-Free Biosensors Can Contribute to Rapid and Massive Diagnostics of Respiratory Virus Infections: COVID-19 Case. ACS Sens 2020; 5:2663-2678. [PMID: 32786383 PMCID: PMC7447078 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The global sanitary crisis caused by the emergence of the respiratory virus SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 outbreak has revealed the urgent need for rapid, accurate, and affordable diagnostic tests to broadly and massively monitor the population in order to properly manage and control the spread of the pandemic. Current diagnostic techniques essentially rely on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, which provide the required sensitivity and specificity. However, its relatively long time-to-result, including sample transport to a specialized laboratory, delays massive detection. Rapid lateral flow tests (both antigen and serological tests) are a remarkable alternative for rapid point-of-care diagnostics, but they exhibit critical limitations as they do not always achieve the required sensitivity for reliable diagnostics and surveillance. Next-generation diagnostic tools capable of overcoming all the above limitations are in demand, and optical biosensors are an excellent option to surpass such critical issues. Label-free nanophotonic biosensors offer high sensitivity and operational robustness with an enormous potential for integration in compact autonomous devices to be delivered out-of-the-lab at the point-of-care (POC). Taking the current COVID-19 pandemic as a critical case scenario, we provide an overview of the diagnostic techniques for respiratory viruses and analyze how nanophotonic biosensors can contribute to improving such diagnostics. We review the ongoing published work using this biosensor technology for intact virus detection, nucleic acid detection or serological tests, and the key factors for bringing nanophotonic POC biosensors to accurate and effective COVID-19 diagnosis on the short term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Cardenosa-Rubio
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications (NanoB2A),
Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and
CIBER-BBN, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alejandro Astua
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications (NanoB2A),
Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and
CIBER-BBN, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura M. Lechuga
- Nanobiosensors and Bioanalytical Applications (NanoB2A),
Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC, BIST and
CIBER-BBN, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Samson R, Navale GR, Dharne MS. Biosensors: frontiers in rapid detection of COVID-19. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:385. [PMID: 32818132 PMCID: PMC7417775 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid community-spread of novel human coronavirus 2019 (nCOVID19 or SARS-Cov2) and morbidity statistics has put forth an unprecedented urge for rapid diagnostics for quick and sensitive detection followed by contact tracing and containment strategies, especially when no vaccine or therapeutics are known. Currently, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is being used widely to detect COVID-19 from various types of biological specimens, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive and may not be rapidly deployable in remote or resource-limited settings. This might lead to hindrance in acquiring realistic data of infectivity and community spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. This review summarizes the existing status of current diagnostic methods, their possible limitations, and the advantages of biosensor-based diagnostics over the conventional ones for the detection of SARS-Cov-2. Novel biosensors used to detect RNA-viruses include CRISPR-Cas9 based paper strip, nucleic-acid based, aptamer-based, antigen-Au/Ag nanoparticles-based electrochemical biosensor, optical biosensor, and Surface Plasmon Resonance. These could be effective tools for rapid, authentic, portable, and more promising diagnosis in the current pandemic that has affected the world economies and humanity. Present challenges and future perspectives of developing robust biosensors devices for rapid, scalable, and sensitive detection and management of COVID-19 are presented in light of the test-test-test theme of the World Health Organization (WHO).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Samson
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-National Chemical, Laboratory, National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, India
| | - Govinda R. Navale
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-National Chemical, Laboratory, National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, India
| | - Mahesh S. Dharne
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-National Chemical, Laboratory, National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, Pune, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
He J, Yuan R, Cui X, Cui Y, Han S, Wang QQ, Chen Y, Huang L, Yang S, Xu Q, Zhao Y, Gao H. Anemoside B4 protects against Klebsiella pneumoniae- and influenza virus FM1-induced pneumonia via the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway in mice. Chin Med 2020; 15:68. [PMID: 32625244 PMCID: PMC7330533 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00350-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pneumonia refers to the inflammation of the terminal airway, alveoli and pulmonary interstitium, which can be caused by pathogenic microorganisms, physical and chemical factors, immune damage, and drugs. Anemoside B4, the major ingredient of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bunge) Regel, exhibited anti-inflammatory activity. However, the therapeutic effect of anemoside B4 on pneumonia has not been unraveled. This study aims to investigate that anemoside B4 attenuates the inflammatory responses in Klebsiella pneumonia (KP)- and influenza virus FM1 (FM1)-induced pneumonia mice model. Methods The network pharmacology and molecular docking assays were employed to predict the targets of anemoside B4’s treatment of pneumonia. Two models (bacterial KP-infected mice and virus FM1-infected mice) were employed in our study. BALB/c mice were divided into six groups: control, model group (KP-induced pneumonia or FM1-induced pneumonia), anemoside B4 (B4)-treated group (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg), and positive drug group (ribavirin or ceftriaxone sodium injection). Blood samples were collected for hematology analysis. The effects of B4 on inflammation-associated mediators were investigated by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) staining. Proteins expression was quantified by western blotting. Results The network results indicated that many pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) participated in anemoside B4’s anti-inflammatory activity. The counts of neutrophil (NEU) and white blood cell (WBC), the level of myeloperoxidase (MPO), and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 increased by KP or FM1 infection, which were reversed by anemoside B4. In addition, anemoside B4 significantly suppressed the FM1-induced expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differential protein-88 (MyD88), and myeloid differentiation protein-2 (MD-2), which were further validated by molecular docking data that anemoside B4 bound to bioactive sites of TLR4. Therefore, anemoside B4 exhibited a significant therapeutic effect on pneumonia via the TLR4/MyD88 pathway. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that anemoside B4 attenuates pneumonia via the TLR4/Myd88 signaling pathway, suggesting that anemoside B4 is a promising therapeutic candidate for bacterial-infected or viral-infected pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia He
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Renyikun Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004 China
| | - Xiaolan Cui
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yushun Cui
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004 China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Qin-Qin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Yangling Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Liting Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Shilin Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| | - Qiongming Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Yonghui Zhao
- Qingdao Central Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266109 China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, 530000 China.,Guangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Advantage Chinese Patent Drug and Ethnic Drug Development, Nanning, 530020 China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Poghossian A, Jablonski M, Molinnus D, Wege C, Schöning MJ. Field-Effect Sensors for Virus Detection: From Ebola to SARS-CoV-2 and Plant Viral Enhancers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598103. [PMID: 33329662 PMCID: PMC7732584 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.598103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel human infectious disease provoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, no specific vaccines or drugs against COVID-19 are available. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment are essential in order to slow the virus spread and to contain the disease outbreak. Hence, new diagnostic tests and devices for virus detection in clinical samples that are faster, more accurate and reliable, easier and cost-efficient than existing ones are needed. Due to the small sizes, fast response time, label-free operation without the need for expensive and time-consuming labeling steps, the possibility of real-time and multiplexed measurements, robustness and portability (point-of-care and on-site testing), biosensors based on semiconductor field-effect devices (FEDs) are one of the most attractive platforms for an electrical detection of charged biomolecules and bioparticles by their intrinsic charge. In this review, recent advances and key developments in the field of label-free detection of viruses (including plant viruses) with various types of FEDs are presented. In recent years, however, certain plant viruses have also attracted additional interest for biosensor layouts: Their repetitive protein subunits arranged at nanometric spacing can be employed for coupling functional molecules. If used as adapters on sensor chip surfaces, they allow an efficient immobilization of analyte-specific recognition and detector elements such as antibodies and enzymes at highest surface densities. The display on plant viral bionanoparticles may also lead to long-time stabilization of sensor molecules upon repeated uses and has the potential to increase sensor performance substantially, compared to conventional layouts. This has been demonstrated in different proof-of-concept biosensor devices. Therefore, richly available plant viral particles, non-pathogenic for animals or humans, might gain novel importance if applied in receptor layers of FEDs. These perspectives are explained and discussed with regard to future detection strategies for COVID-19 and related viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie Jablonski
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Denise Molinnus
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
| | - Christina Wege
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christina Wege,
| | - Michael J. Schöning
- Institute of Nano- and Biotechnologies, FH Aachen University of Applied Sciences, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Research Centre Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- Michael J. Schöning,
| |
Collapse
|