1
|
Han H, Zhang G, Zhang X, Zhao Q. Nrf2-mediated ferroptosis inhibition: a novel approach for managing inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2024:10.1007/s10787-024-01519-7. [PMID: 39126567 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases, including psoriasis, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ulcerative colitis, are characterized by persistent inflammation. Moreover, the existing treatments for inflammatory diseases only provide temporary relief by controlling symptoms, and treatments of unstable and expensive. Therefore, new therapeutic solutions are urgently needed to address the underlying causes or symptoms of inflammatory diseases. Inflammation frequently coincides with a high level of (reactive oxygen species) ROS activation, serving as a fundamental element in numerous physiological and pathological phenotypes that can result in serious harm to the organism. Given its pivotal role in inflammation, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis, ROS represents a focal node for investigating the (nuclear factor E2-related factor 2) Nrf2 pathway and ferroptosis, both of which are intricately linked to ROS. Ferroptosis is mainly triggered by oxidative stress and involves iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. The transcription factor Nrf2 targets several genes within the ferroptosis pathway. Recent studies have shown that Nrf2 plays a significant role in three key ferroptosis-related routes, including the synthesis and metabolism of glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4, iron metabolism, and lipid processes. As a result, ferroptosis-related treatments for inflammatory diseases have attracted much attention. Moreover, drugs targeting Nrf2 can be used to manage inflammatory conditions. This review aimed to assess ferroptosis regulation mechanism and the role of Nrf2 in ferroptosis inhibition. Therefore, this review article may provide the basis for more research regarding the treatment of inflammatory diseases through Nrf2-inhibited ferroptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guojiang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Qinjian Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tataru C, Livni M, Marean-Reardon C, Franco MC, David M. Cytokine induced inflammatory bowel disease model using organ-on-a-chip technology. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289314. [PMID: 38091316 PMCID: PMC10718466 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 2 million people in North America suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic and idiopathic inflammatory condition. While previous research has primarily focused on studying immune cells as a cause and therapeutic target for IBD, recent findings suggest that non-immune cells may also play a crucial role in mediating cytokine and chemokine signaling, and therefore IBD symptoms. In this study, we developed an organ-on-a-chip co-culture model of Caco2 epithelial and HUVEC endothelial cells and induced inflammation using pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. We tested different concentration ranges and delivery orientations (apical vs. basal) to develop a consistently inducible inflammatory response model. We then measured pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-10, as well as epithelial barrier integrity. Our results indicate that this model 1. induces IBD-like cytokine secretion in non-immune cells and 2. decreases barrier integrity, making it a feasible and reliable model to test the direct actions of potential anti-inflammatory therapeutics on epithelial and endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Tataru
- Oregon State University, College of Science, Microbiology, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Maya Livni
- Oregon State University, College of Science, Microbiology, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Carrie Marean-Reardon
- Oregon State University, College of Science, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Maria Clara Franco
- Oregon State University, College of Science, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science, Port St. Lucie, FL, United States of America
| | - Maude David
- Oregon State University, College of Science, Microbiology, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
- Oregon State University, College of Pharmacy, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Increased expression of CB2 receptor in the intestinal biopsies of children with inflammatory bowel disease. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:520-525. [PMID: 35717484 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) is involved in inflammation and immune cell modulation. In previous studies, we demonstrated the association between the CNR2 rs35761398 polymorphism and the risk for pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, we analyzed the intestinal biopsies from Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) pediatric patients at the diagnosis to evaluate the expression of CB2 and several factors associated with IBD inflammatory pathways. METHODS We enrolled five patients with CD, five with UC, and five controls (CTR). We analyzed ileum and rectum biopsies from patients of each group evaluating the expression of CB2, Toll-like receptor 4, interleukin-6, and interleukin-1β by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Western blot analysis showed a significant increase of CB2 in the CD ileum and in the UC rectum biopsies and an increase of TLR4 in the UC rectum. We also observed a significant over-expression of the IL-6 in UC rectum. The immunofluorescence analysis confirmed western blot data, showing also a T-lymphocytes infiltration colocalized with CB2 expression in the CD ileum and UC rectum. CONCLUSIONS Our results show an upregulation of CB2 in pediatric IBD, which might have implications for drug discovery. IMPACT The Cannabinoid Receptor type 2 (CB2) is involved in the inflammation and modulation of the immune response in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). CB2 receptor is more expressed in the inflamed intestine of pediatric IBD patients. CB2 could be used as a potential therapeutic target to reduce IBD-related inflammatory state in childhood.
Collapse
|
4
|
Long Y, Zhao Y, Ma X, Zeng Y, Hu T, Wu W, Deng C, Hu J, Shen Y. Endoplasmic reticulum stress contributed to inflammatory bowel disease by activating p38 MAPK pathway. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35603939 PMCID: PMC9178311 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a vital role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism by which ER stress promotes inflammatory response in IBD. The expression of Gro-α, IL-8 and ER stress indicator Grp78 in colon tissues from patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and colonic carcinoma was analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining. Colitis mouse model was established by the induction of trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS), and the mice were treated with ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA). Then the body weight, colon length and colon inflammation were evaluated, and Grp78 and Gro-α in colon tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry. Epithelial cells of colon cancer HCT116 cells were treated with tunicamycin to induce ER stress. Grp78 was detected by Western blot, and chemokines were measured by PCR and ELISA. The expression levels of Grp78, Gro-α and IL-8 were significantly upregulated in intestinal tissues of CD patients. Mice with TNBS induced colitis had increased expression of Grp78 and Gro-α in colonic epithelia. TUDCA reduced the severity of TNBS-induced colitis. In HCT116 cells, tunicamycin increased the expression of Grp78, Gro-α and IL-8 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, p38 MAPK inhibitor significantly inhibited the upregulation of Gro-α and IL-8 induced by tunicamycin. In conclusion, ER stress promotes inflammatory response in IBD, and the effects may be mediated by the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Long
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Zhongshan City People Hospital, Zhongshan, Guangdong.
| | - Ya Zeng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| | - Tian Hu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| | - Weijie Wu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| | - Chongtian Deng
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| | - Jinyue Hu
- Central Laboratory, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| | - Yueming Shen
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Müller I, Kym U, Galati V, Tharakan S, Subotic U, Krebs T, Stathopoulos E, Schmittenbecher P, Cholewa D, Romero P, Reingruber B, Holland-Cunz S, Keck S. Cholinergic Signaling Attenuates Pro-Inflammatory Interleukin-8 Response in Colonic Epithelial Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 12:781147. [PMID: 35069554 PMCID: PMC8770536 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Infants affected by Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), a neurodevelopmental congenital disorder, lack ganglia of the intrinsic enteric nervous system (aganglionosis) in a variable length of the colon, and are prone to developing severe Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC). HSCR patients typically show abnormal dense innervation of extrinsic cholinergic nerve fibers throughout the aganglionic rectosigmoid. Cholinergic signaling has been reported to reduce inflammatory response. Consequently, a sparse extrinsic cholinergic innervation in the mucosa of the rectosigmoid correlates with increased inflammatory immune cell frequencies and higher incidence of HAEC in HSCR patients. However, whether cholinergic signals influence the pro-inflammatory immune response of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) is unknown. Here, we analyzed colonic IEC isolated from 43 HSCR patients with either a low or high mucosal cholinergic innervation density (fiber-low versus fiber-high) as well as from control tissue. Compared to fiber-high samples, IEC purified from fiber-low rectosigmoid expressed significantly higher levels of IL-8 but not TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β1, Muc-2 or tight junction proteins. IEC from fiber-low rectosigmoid showed higher IL-8 protein concentrations in cell lysates as well as prominent IL-8 immunoreactivity compared to IEC from fiber-high tissue. Using the human colonic IEC cell line SW480 we demonstrated that cholinergic signals suppress lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-8 secretion via the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (a7nAChR). In conclusion, we showed for the first time that the presence of a dense mucosal cholinergic innervation is associated with decreased secretion of IEC-derived pro-inflammatory IL-8 in the rectosigmoid of HSCR patients likely dependent on a7nAChR activation. Owing to the association between IL-8 and enterocolitis-prone, fiber-low HSCR patients, targeted therapies against IL-8 might be a promising immunotherapy candidate for HAEC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Müller
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Urs Kym
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Virginie Galati
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sasha Tharakan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Subotic
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Krebs
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Eastern Switzerland, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Eleuthere Stathopoulos
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Dietmar Cholewa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Romero
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bertram Reingruber
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Holland-Cunz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Simone Keck
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB) and University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Responses of increasingly complex intestinal epithelium in vitro models to bacterial toll-like receptor agonists. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 79:105280. [PMID: 34843883 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The intestine fulfills roles in the uptake of nutrients and water regulation and acts as a gatekeeper for the intestinal microbiome. For the latter, the intestinal gut barrier system is able to respond to a broad range of bacterial antigens, generally through Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. To test the capacity of various in vitro intestinal models, we studied IL-8 secretion, as a marker of pro-inflammatory response through the TLR pathway, in a Caco-2 monoculture, Caco-2/HT29-MTX di-culture, Caco-2/HT29-MTX/HMVEC-d tri-culture and in a HT29-p monoculture in response to exposure to various TLR agonists. Twenty-one-day-old differentiated cells in Transwells were exposed to Pam3CSK4 (TLR1/2), lipopolysaccharide (TLR4), single-stranded RNA (TLR7/8), Poly(i:C) (TLR3) and flagellin (TLR5) for 24 h. In all systems IL-8 secretion was increased in response to flagellin exposure, with HT29-p cells also responding to Poly(I:C) exposure. All other agonists did not induce an IL-8 response in the tested in vitro models, indicating that the specific TLRs are either not present or not functional in these models. This highlights the need for careful selection of in vitro models when studying intestinal immune responses and the need for improved in vitro models that better recapitulate intestinal immune responses.
Collapse
|
7
|
Megha KB, Joseph X, Akhil V, Mohanan PV. Cascade of immune mechanism and consequences of inflammatory disorders. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153712. [PMID: 34511264 PMCID: PMC8373857 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory responses arise as an outcome of tissues or organs exposure towards harmful stimuli like injury, toxic chemicals or pathogenic microorganism. It is a complex cascade of immune mechanism to overcome from tissue injury and to initiate the healing process by recruiting various immune cells, chemical mediators such as the vasoactive peptides and amines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, eicosanoids and acute-phase proteins to prevent tissue damage and ultimately complete restoration of the tissue function. The cytokines exhibits a central function in communication between the cells, inflammatory response initiation, amplification and their regulation. This review covers the importance of inflammatory responses; the significance of cytokines in inflammation and numerous inflammatory disorders/ailments due to the abrupt expression of cytokines and the hyper-inflammatory response or cytokine storm associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 pandemic. Also highlighting the importance of naturally derived anti-inflammatory metabolites to overcome the side-effects of currently prevailing anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K B Megha
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - X Joseph
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - V Akhil
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India
| | - P V Mohanan
- Toxicology Division, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (Govt. of India), Poojapura, Trivandrum 695012, Kerala, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Maden SF, Acuner SE. Mapping Transcriptome Data to Protein-Protein Interaction Networks of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Reveals Disease-Specific Subnetworks. Front Genet 2021; 12:688447. [PMID: 34484291 PMCID: PMC8416454 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.688447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the common name for chronic disorders associated with the inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. IBD is triggered by environmental factors in genetically susceptible individuals and has a significant number of incidences worldwide. Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two distinct types of IBD. While involvement in ulcerative colitis is limited to the colon, Crohn’s disease may involve the whole gastrointestinal tract. Although these two disorders differ in macroscopic inflammation patterns, they share various molecular pathogenesis, yet the diagnosis can remain unclear, and it is important to reveal their molecular signatures in the network level. Improved molecular understanding may reveal disease type-specific and even individual-specific targets. To this aim, we determine the subnetworks specific to UC and CD by mapping transcriptome data to protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks using two different approaches [KeyPathwayMiner (KPM) and stringApp] and perform the functional enrichment analysis of the resulting disease type-specific subnetworks. TP63 was identified as the hub gene in the UC-specific subnet and p63 tumor protein, being in the same family as p53 and p73, has been studied in literature for the risk associated with colorectal cancer and IBD. APP was identified as the hub gene in the CD-specific subnet, and it has an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This relation suggests that some similar genetic factors may be effective in both AD and CD. Last, in order to understand the biological meaning of these disease-specific subnets, they were functionally enriched. It is important to note that chemokines—special types of cytokines—and antibacterial response are important in UC-specific subnets, whereas cytokines and antimicrobial responses as well as cancer-related pathways are important in CD-specific subnets. Overall, these findings reveal the differences between IBD subtypes at the molecular level and can facilitate diagnosis for UC and CD as well as provide potential molecular targets that are specific to disease subtypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sefika Feyza Maden
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Saliha Ece Acuner
- Department of Bioengineering, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu Y, Yang S, Zhao N, Liu C, Zhang F, Guo Y, Liu H. CXCL8 chemokine in ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111427. [PMID: 33706134 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum. Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and hematochezia are UC's main clinical manifestations. Pathogenesis of UC has not yet been clearly elucidated, but it is considered to result from dysregulated expressions of molecules engaged in proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes. CXCL8 is one of the most important proinflammatory factors which play a vital role in many inflammatory diseases including UC. The CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis participates in the pathogenesis of UC through multiple signaling pathways, including PI3k/Akt, MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. Meanwhile, more and more studies in recent years have shown that UC patients have specific non-coding RNA (ncRNA) expression profiles, which may be involved in the occurrence and development of inflammation. In this article, we analyzed the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis related signaling pathways and ncRNAs in UC, as well as recent advances in our understanding of the CXCL8-CXCR1/2 axis inhibition as a therapeutic strategy against UC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Shihua Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Fayan Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Yuting Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Salla M, Pandya V, Bhullar KS, Kerek E, Wong YF, Losch R, Ou J, Aldawsari FS, Velazquez-Martinez C, Thiesen A, Dyck JRB, Hubbard BP, Baksh S. Resveratrol and Resveratrol-Aspirin Hybrid Compounds as Potent Intestinal Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tumor Drugs. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173849. [PMID: 32847114 PMCID: PMC7503224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol (3,4,5-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits beneficial pleiotropic health effects. It is one of the most promising natural molecules in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases and autoimmune disorders. One of the key limitations in the clinical use of resveratrol is its extensive metabolic processing to its glucuronides and sulfates. It has been estimated that around 75% of this polyphenol is excreted via feces and urine. To possibly alleviate the extensive metabolic processing and improve bioavailability, we have added segments of acetylsalicylic acid to resveratrol in an attempt to maintain the functional properties of both. We initially characterized resveratrol-aspirin derivatives as products that can inhibit cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP1A1) activity, DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) activity, and cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. In this study, we provide a detailed analysis of how resveratrol and its aspirin derivatives can inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation, cytokine production, the growth rate of cancer cells, and in vivo alleviate intestinal inflammation and tumor growth. We identified resveratrol derivatives C3 and C11 as closely preserving resveratrol bioactivities of growth inhibition of cancer cells, inhibition of NFκB activation, activation of sirtuin, and 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity. We speculate that the aspirin derivatives of resveratrol would be more metabolically stable, resulting in increased efficacy for treating immune disorders and as an anti-cancer agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Salla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Vrajesh Pandya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Khushwant S. Bhullar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Evan Kerek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Yoke Fuan Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Robyn Losch
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Joe Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
| | - Fahad S. Aldawsari
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
- Saudi Food and Drug Authority Laboratories, 3292 Northern Ring Road, Riyadh 13312, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Velazquez-Martinez
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada or (F.S.A.); (C.V.-M.)
| | - Aducio Thiesen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Jason R. B. Dyck
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
| | - Basil P. Hubbard
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (K.S.B.); (E.K.); (J.R.B.D.); (B.P.H.)
| | - Shairaz Baksh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (M.S.); (V.P.); (R.L.); (J.O.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada;
- Departments of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 113 Street 87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Member, Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta and Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- BioImmuno Designs, Inc., 4560 TEC Centre, 10230 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, AB T5J 4P6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-239-0518
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Risk of colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel diseases. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 64:51-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
12
|
Bertani L, Caviglia GP, Antonioli L, Pellicano R, Fagoonee S, Astegiano M, Saracco GM, Bugianesi E, Blandizzi C, Costa F, Ribaldone DG. Serum Interleukin-6 and -8 as Predictors of Response to Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051323. [PMID: 32370274 PMCID: PMC7290461 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against integrin α4β7, is an effective treatment for inflammatory bowel diseases. However, a significant number of patients do not achieve steroid-free clinical remission in the first year of treatment. An early identification of these patients is one of the most important challenges for clinicians and offers the possibility of therapeutic optimization in order to personalize biological therapy. The aim of our study was to test the prediction ability of interleukin (IL)-6 and -8 of clinical response after 12 months of therapy with vedolizumab (T2). We performed a prospective, multicentre study in patients affected by inflammatory bowel disease by analysing cytokines level before starting vedolizumab (T0) and after 10 weeks of therapy (T1). In the overall cohort (n = 54), IL-8 decrease > 2.6 pg/mL in the first 10 weeks of therapy was able to predict clinical response (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.70, sensitivity = 66%, specificity = 75%, p = 0.010), negative C-reactive protein (CRP) (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity = 64%, specificity = 80%, p = 0.009) and calprotectin < 250 mg/kg (AUC = 0.69, sensitivity = 64%, specificity = 78%, p = 0.030) after 44 weeks of therapy. In patients with ulcerative colitis (n = 40), baseline IL-8 values > 8.6 pg/mL and a decrease of IL-6 values > 0.4 pg/mL from T0 to T1 were significant and independent predictors of clinical response after 12 months of vedolizumab therapy (odds ratio (OR) = 6.96, 95% CI 1.27–38.22, p = 0.026 and OR = 7.29, 95% CI 1.42–37.50, p = 0.017, respectively). In patients with Crohn’s disease (n = 14), baseline IL-8 values > 8.6 pg/mL and baseline IL-6 values > 1.6 pg/mL allowed the identification of patients achieving negative CRP at T2 (AUC = 0.75, sensitivity = 74%, specificity = 76%, p < 0.001) and patients with faecal calprotectin values < 250 mg/kg at T2 (AUC = 0.71, sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 63%, p = 0.004). In conclusion, our study highlights a potential clinical role of serum cytokine levels for the prediction of clinical and biochemical steroid-free response in patients treated with vedolizumab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bertani
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.C.); (D.G.R.); Tel.: +39–011–6333918 (D.G.R.)
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Rinaldo Pellicano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Sharmila Fagoonee
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR c/o Molecular Biotechnology Centre, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Marco Astegiano
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Molinette Hospital, 10126 Turin, Italy; (R.P.); (M.A.)
| | - Giorgio Maria Saracco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Bugianesi
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.A.); (C.B.)
| | - Francesco Costa
- Department of General Surgery and Gastroenterology, IBD Unit, Pisa University Hospital, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Davide Giuseppe Ribaldone
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (G.M.S.); (E.B.)
- Correspondence: (G.P.C.); (D.G.R.); Tel.: +39–011–6333918 (D.G.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhattacharya S, Kawamura A. Using evasins to target the chemokine network in inflammation. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 119:1-38. [PMID: 31997766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation, is driven by a network comprising cytokines, chemokines, their target receptors and leukocytes, and is a major pathologic mechanism that adversely affects organ function in diverse human diseases. Despite being supported by substantial target validation, no successful anti-chemokine therapeutic to treat inflammatory disease has yet been developed. This is in part because of the robustness of the chemokine network, which emerges from a large total chemokine load in disease, promiscuous expression of receptors on leukocytes, promiscuous and synergistic interactions between chemokines and receptors, and feedforward loops created by secretion of chemokines by leukocytes themselves. Many parasites, including viruses, helminths and ticks, evade the chemokine network by producing proteins that bind promiscuously to chemokines or their receptors. Evasins - three small glycoproteins identified in the saliva of the brown dog tick - bind multiple chemokines, and are active in several animal models of inflammatory disease. Over 50 evasin homologs have recently been identified from diverse tick species. Characterization of the chemokine binding patterns of evasins show that several have anti-chemokine activities that extend substantially beyond those previously described. These studies indicate that evasins function at the site of the tick bite by reducing total chemokine load. This not only reduces chemokine signaling to receptors, but also interrupts feedforward loops, thus disabling the chemokine network. Taking the lead from nature, a goal for the development of new anti-chemokine therapeutics would be to reduce the total chemokine load in disease. This could be achieved by administering appropriate evasin combinations or by smaller peptides that mimic evasin action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoumo Bhattacharya
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Akane Kawamura
- RDM Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bourgonje AR, von Martels JZH, Gabriëls RY, Blokzijl T, Buist-Homan M, Heegsma J, Jansen BH, van Dullemen HM, Festen EAM, Ter Steege RWF, Visschedijk MC, Weersma RK, de Vos P, Faber KN, Dijkstra G. A Combined Set of Four Serum Inflammatory Biomarkers Reliably Predicts Endoscopic Disease Activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:251. [PMID: 31772929 PMCID: PMC6849495 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Blood C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin levels are routinely measured as surrogate markers of disease activity in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), but often do not correlate well with the degree of mucosal inflammation in the intestine as established by endoscopy. Therefore, novel predictive biomarkers are urgently needed that better reflect mucosal disease activity in IBD. The aim of this study was to identify a combination of serum inflammatory biomarkers predictive for endoscopic disease activity. Methods: Serum concentrations of 10 inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed in 118 IBD patients [64 Crohn's disease (CD), 54 ulcerative colitis (UC)] and 20 healthy controls. In a subset of 71 IBD patients, endoscopic disease activity was established. Non-parametric ROC estimation with bootstrap inference was used to establish the best combination of inflammatory biomarkers predicting endoscopic disease activity. Results: Six (6) inflammatory biomarkers (serum amyloid A (SAA), Eotaxin-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, and TNF-α) showed better prediction of IBD disease activity than routine measures (CRP, fecal calprotectin and HBI/SCCAI scores). The best combination of predictive inflammatory biomarkers consisted of serum SAA, IL-6, IL-8, and Eotaxin-1, showing an optimism-adjusted area under the ROC (AuROC) curve of 0.84 (95% CI: 0.73-0.94, P < 0.0001), which predicted significantly better (P = 0.002) than serum CRP levels with an AuROC of 0.57 (95% CI: 0.43-0.72, P = 0.32). Conclusion: The combination of SAA, IL-6, IL-8, and Eotaxin-1 reliably predicts endoscopic disease activity in IBD and might be valuable for monitoring disease activity and management of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arno R Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Julius Z H von Martels
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ruben Y Gabriëls
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Tjasso Blokzijl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bernadien H Jansen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik M van Dullemen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Eleonora A M Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinze W F Ter Steege
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Martini Hospital, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marijn C Visschedijk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rinse K Weersma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Paul de Vos
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cheng Y, Ma XL, Wei YQ, Wei XW. Potential roles and targeted therapy of the CXCLs/CXCR2 axis in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1871:289-312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
16
|
Mayangsari Y, Suzuki T. Resveratrol Ameliorates Intestinal Barrier Defects and Inflammation in Colitic Mice and Intestinal Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12666-12674. [PMID: 30426751 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of resveratrol in a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model and intestinal Caco-2 cells, focusing on neutrophil infiltration and tight junction (TJ) barriers. DSS administration caused body weight loss (day8, control 104 ± 1, DSS 72 ± 2%, p < 0.05), shortening of colon length (control 5.1 ± 0.1, DSS 3.8 ± 0.1 cm, p < 0.05), pro-inflammatory cytokines increase-including interleukin (IL)-1β (control 1.0 ± 0.2, DSS 58.5 ± 29.6 arbitrary unit (AU), p < 0.05), IL-6 (control 1.0 ± 0.3, DSS 312 ± 82 AU, p < 0.05), and chemokine motif ligand 2 (CXCL-2, a murine IL-8 homologue, control 1.0 ± 0.4, DSS 696 ± 262 AU, p < 0.05), decreased TJ proteins (e.g., occludin, control 1.0 ± 0.05, DSS 0.11 ± 0.03 AU, p < 0.05), and neutrophil infiltration (control 1.2 ± 0.2, DSS 25.9 ± 1.1 cells, p < 0.05). Supplemental resveratrol (0.1% (w/w) in the diet) partially or totally reversed these symptoms (body weight change 100 ± 1, colon length 4.6 ± 0.1; IL-1β 5.9 ± 1.8, IL-6 10 ± 3, CXCL-2 14 ± 7, occludin 0.76 ± 0.06, neutrophil infiltration 9.3 ± 0.7, p < 0.05). Pretreatment of intestinal Caco-2 cells with resveratrol suppressed the TNF-α-induced production of IL-8 (control 1.00 ± 0.04, TNFα 3.40 ± 0.16, TNFα+Res 1.81 ± 0.28 AU, p < 0.05) and phosphorylation of the inflammatory signaling molecules including NF-κB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and stress c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase. Collectively, the reduction of TJ barrier defect and IL-8 in intestinal cells, leading to reduced neutrophil infiltration into colonic tissues, appears to be one of the central mechanisms for the resveratrol-mediated effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunika Mayangsari
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima City 739-8528 , Japan
- Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology , Universitas Gadjah Mada , Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 , Indonesia
| | - Takuya Suzuki
- Department of Biofunctional Science and Technology, Graduate School of Biosphere Science , Hiroshima University , Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima City 739-8528 , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Peng YJ, Shen TL, Chen YS, Mersmann HJ, Liu BH, Ding ST. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 overexpression enhance inflammatory bowel disease. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:24. [PMID: 29540173 PMCID: PMC5851065 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0419-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (ADN) is an adipokine derived from adipocytes. It binds to adiponectin receptor 1 and 2 (AdipoR1 and R2) to exert its function in regulating whole-body energy homeostasis and inflammatory responses. However, the role of ADN-AdipoR1 signaling in intestinal inflammation is controversial, and its role in the regulation of neutrophils is still unclear. Our goal was to clarify the role of AdipoR1 signaling in colitis and the effects on neutrophils. METHODS We generated porcine AdipoR1 transgenic mice (pAdipoR1 mice) and induced murine colitis using dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to study the potential role of AdipoR1 in inflammatory bowel disease. We also treated a THP-1 macrophage and a HT-29 colon epithelial cell line with ADN recombinant protein to study the effects of ADN on inflammation. RESULTS After inducing murine colitis, pAdipoR1 mice developed more severe symptoms than wild-type (WT) mice. Treatment with ADN increased the expression of pro-inflammatory factors in THP-1 and HT-29 cells. Moreover, we also observed that the expression of cyclooxygenase2 (cox2), neutrophil chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL5), and the infiltration of neutrophils were increased in the colon of pAdipoR1 mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that ADN-AdipoR1 signaling exacerbated colonic inflammation through two possible mechanisms. First, ADN-AdipoR1 signaling increased pro-inflammatory factors. Second, AdipoR1 enhanced neutrophil chemokine expression and recruited neutrophils into the colonic tissue to increase inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ju Peng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da’an Dist, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da’an Dist, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Harry John Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da’an Dist, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Bing-Hsien Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da’an Dist, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Ln. 155, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd., Da’an Dist, Taipei City, 10617 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lee SH, Kwon JE, Cho ML. Immunological pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Intest Res 2018; 16:26-42. [PMID: 29422795 PMCID: PMC5797268 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory state of the gastrointestinal tract and can be classified into 2 main clinical phenomena: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD, including CD and UC, involves the presence of pathogenic factors such as abnormal gut microbiota, immune response dysregulation, environmental changes, and gene variants. Although many investigations have tried to identify novel pathogenic factors associated with IBD that are related to environmental, genetic, microbial, and immune response factors, a full understanding of IBD pathogenesis is unclear. Thus, IBD treatment is far from optimal, and patient outcomes can be unsatisfactory. As result of massive studying on IBD, T helper 17 (Th17) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are investigated on their effects on IBD. A recent study of the plasticity of Th17 cells focused primarily on colitis. ILCs also emerging as novel cell family, which play a role in the pathogenesis of IBD. IBD immunopathogenesis is key to understanding the causes of IBD and can lead to the development of IBD therapies. The aim of this review is to explain the pathogenesis of IBD, with a focus on immunological factors and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hoon Lee
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong eun Kwon
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Park JH, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Eisenhut M, Shin JI. IBD immunopathogenesis: A comprehensive review of inflammatory molecules. Autoimmun Rev 2017; 16:416-426. [PMID: 28212924 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory molecules play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, both of which are chronic inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Abnormal expressions of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules have been described to cause an imbalance to the gut innate and adaptive immunity, and recently a large portion of research in IBD has been geared towards identifying novel molecules that may be used as potential therapeutic targets. Understanding of these inflammatory molecules has suggested that although ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease share many common clinical symptoms and signs, they are in fact two separate clinical entities characterized by different immunopathogenesis. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the roles of numerous inflammatory molecules including but not limited to cytokines, chemokines, inflammasomes, microRNAs and neuropeptides and their expression status in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in relation to their effects on the overall intestinal inflammatory process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyon Park
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Inserm U954 and Department of Gastroenterology, Nancy University Hospital, Université de Lorraine, France
| | - Michael Eisenhut
- Department of Paediatrics, Luton & Dunstable University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lewsey Road, Luton, LU40DZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kang Y, Xue Y, Du M, Zhu MJ. Preventive effects of Goji berry on dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 40:70-76. [PMID: 27863347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Goji berry (Lycium barbarum) exerts immune modulation and suppresses inflammation in vitro and in vivo. We hypothesized that Goji berry had beneficial effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in C57BL/6 mice through suppressing inflammation. Six-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were supplemented with a standard AIN-93G diet with or without 1% (w/w) Goji berry for 4 weeks. Then, colitis was induced by supplementing 3% DSS in drinking water for 7 days, followed by 7 days of remission period to mimic ulcerative colitis symptoms. Goji berry supplementation ameliorated DSS-induced body weight loss, diminished diarrhea and gross bleeding, and resulted in a significantly decreased disease activity index, as well as DSS-associated colon shortening. Moreover, 30% mortality rate caused by DSS-induced colitis was avoided because of Goji berry supplementation. Histologically, Goji berry ameliorated colonic edema, mucosal damage and neutrophil infiltration into colonic intestinal tissue in response to DSS challenge, which was associated with decreased expression of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, as well as inflammatory mediators interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2. In conclusion, Goji supplementation confers protective effects against DSS-induced colitis, which is associated with decreased neutrophil infiltration and suppressed inflammation. Thus, dietary Goji is likely beneficial to inflammatory bowel disease patients as a complementary therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Kang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Yansong Xue
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main clinical entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have historically been studied together because they share common features (such as symptoms, structural damage and therapy), it is now clear that they represent two distinct pathophysiological entities. Both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with multiple pathogenic factors including environmental changes, an array of susceptibility gene variants, a qualitatively and quantitatively abnormal gut microbiota and a broadly dysregulated immune response. In spite of this realization and the identification of seemingly pertinent environmental, genetic, microbial and immune factors, a full understanding of IBD pathogenesis is still out of reach and, consequently, treatment is far from optimal. An important reason for this unsatisfactory situation is the currently limited comprehension of what are the truly relevant components of IBD immunopathogenesis. This article will comprehensively review current knowledge of the classic immune components and will expand the concept of IBD immunopathogenesis to include various cells, mediators and pathways that have not been traditionally associated with disease mechanisms, but that profoundly affect the overall intestinal inflammatory process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heitor S P de Souza
- Department of Gastroenterology &Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu Y, Liao M, Zhang C, Bai Y, Song H, Zhang Y, Wang X. Determination of Repertaxin Enantiomeric Purity by HPLC on Chiral Stationary Phase. Chromatographia 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-015-2980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
23
|
Markowicz C, Kubiak P, Grajek W, Schmidt MT. Inactivation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG by fixation modifies its probiotic properties. Can J Microbiol 2015; 62:72-82. [PMID: 26634746 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2015-0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are microorganisms that have beneficial effects on the host and are safe for oral intake in a suitable dose. However, there are situations in which the administration of living microorganisms poses a risk for immunocompromised host. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of several fixation methods on selected biological properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG that are relevant to its probiotic action. Fixation of the bacterial cells with ethanol, 2-propanol, glutaraldehyde, paraformaldehyde, and heat treatment resulted in a significant decrease of alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, and β-galactosidase activities. Most of the fixation procedures reduced bacterial cell hydrophobicity and increased adhesion capacity. The fixation procedures resulted in a different perception of the bacterial cells by enterocytes, which was shown as changes in gene expression in enterocytes. The results show that some procedures of inactivation allow a fraction of the enzymatic activity to be maintained. The adhesion properties of the bacterial cells were enhanced, but the response of enterocytes to fixed cells was different than to live bacteria. Inactivation allows maintenance and modification of some of the properties of the bacterial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Markowicz
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - P Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - W Grajek
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| | - M T Schmidt
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland.,Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Khan MRI, Uwada J, Yazawa T, Islam MT, Krug SM, Fromm M, Karaki SI, Suzuki Y, Kuwahara A, Yoshiki H, Sada K, Muramatsu I, Anisuzzaman ASM, Taniguchi T. Activation of muscarinic cholinoceptor ameliorates tumor necrosis factor-α-induced barrier dysfunction in intestinal epithelial cells. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3640-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
25
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang F, Wang K, Liu G, Yang M, Luan Y, Zhao Z, Zhang J, Cao X, Zhang D. Allyl methyl disulfide inhibits IL-8 and IP-10 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells via the NF-кB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 27:156-63. [PMID: 26003845 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Revised: 04/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Garlic and its active constituents have shown versatile medicinal activities in the prevention and treatment of various disorders. Allyl methyl disulfide (AMDS) was identified as one of the major bioactive components in an effective inhalation fork remedy using fresh garlic paste in our previous study. In this work, we investigated the immunological properties of AMDS to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the fork inhalation treatment using fresh garlic. The inhibition effect of AMDS on TNF-α-induced IL-8 and IP-10 production in intestinal epithelial cell lines HT-29 and Caco-2 was first evaluated. Pretreatment of the cells with AMDS attenuated IL-8 and IP-10 secretion induced by TNF-α in a dose-dependent manner in the non-cytotoxic concentration range of 20 to 150 μM. Mechanistic studies revealed that AMDS suppressed the accumulation of IL-8 mRNA and inhibited IкBα degradation and NF-кB p65 translocation into the nucleus at both the transcriptional and translational levels, suggesting that the attenuation effort of AMDS on cytokine IL-8 secretion might at least be partially related to the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results suggest that AMDS may be a promising phytochemical agent in the treatment of immunological disorders, such as ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, intestinal inflammatory diseases and others. In addition, the mechanistic study data indicated that immune modulation could be one of the therapeutic mechanisms of the effective fork treatment containing AMDS as one of the major components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongchun Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Daxue Road, Western University Science Park, Jinan, Shandong 250353, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Fang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Kaiming Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Guangpu Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China.
| | - Jianqiang Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Xinke Cao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| | - Daizhou Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 989 Xinluo Street, Jinan, Shandong 250101, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Alpha-1 antitrypsin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor as serum biomarkers of disease severity in ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2015; 21:1077-88. [PMID: 25803506 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial assessment of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is challenging and relies on apparent clinical symptoms and measurements of surrogate markers (e.g., C-reactive protein [CRP] or similar acute phase proteins). As CRP only reliably identifies patients with severe disease, novel biomarkers are currently needed for identification of patients with mild or moderate disease activity. Using a commercially available platform, we aimed at identifying serum biomarkers that are able to grade the disease severity. METHODS Serum samples from 65 patients with UC with varying disease activity (Mayo score) and from 40 healthy controls were analyzed by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for 78 potential disease biomarkers. Using the statistical software SIMCA-P+ and GraphPad Prism, multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to identify a limited number of biomarkers to assess disease severity. RESULTS Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) differentiated between mild and moderate UC (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.79) with a sensitivity of 0.90 and a specificity of 0.70, thereby exceeding the predictive ability of CRP (AUC = 0.52). Combining alpha-1 antitrypsin and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor produced a predictive model with an AUC of 0.72 when differentiating mild and moderate UC, and an AUC of 0.96 when differentiating moderate and severe UC, the latter being as reliable as CRP. CONCLUSIONS Alpha-1 antitrypsin is identified as a potential serum biomarker of mild-to-moderate disease activity in UC. With the ability to differentiate between mild, moderate, and severe stages of UC using a simple serum biomarker that is already commercially available, clinicians can initiate individualized treatment regimens at an earlier stage before endoscopic examinations are available.
Collapse
|
27
|
Laddomada B, Durante M, Minervini F, Garbetta A, Cardinali A, D'Antuono I, Caretto S, Blanco A, Mita G. Phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from the whole-meal flour of Italian durum wheat cultivars. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:3512-27. [PMID: 25658801 PMCID: PMC4346910 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16023512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the quali-quantitative composition of hydrophilic (phenolic acids) and lipophilic (isoprenoids) extracts from whole-meal flour of five elite Italian durum wheat cultivars was determined. Significant differences in the content of bioactive compounds were observed among the wheat extracts, in particular concerning the content of bound phenolic acids, lutein and β-tocotrienols. The cultivars Duilio and Svevo showed the highest amount of phenolic acids and isoprenoids, respectively. Extracts were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity on HT-29 human colon cells by measuring the levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Durum wheat extracts significantly inhibited the secretion of the pro-inflammatory IL-8 mediator at 66 µg/mL of phenolic acids and at 0.2 µg/mL of isoprenoids. Conversely, the secretion of the anti-inflammatory mediator TGF-β1 was not modified by neither hydrophilic nor lipophilic extracts. These results provide further insight into the potential of durum wheat on human health suggesting the significance of varieties with elevated contents of bioactive components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriana Durante
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | | | | | - Angela Cardinali
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | | | - Sofia Caretto
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Antonio Blanco
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Genetic and Plant Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mita
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, CNR, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Jakobsson T, Vedin LL, Hassan T, Venteclef N, Greco D, D'Amato M, Treuter E, Gustafsson JÅ, Steffensen KR. The oxysterol receptor LXRβ protects against DSS- and TNBS-induced colitis in mice. Mucosal Immunol 2014; 7:1416-28. [PMID: 24803164 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined the function of the oxysterol receptors (LXRs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through studying dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice and by elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying their anti-inflammatory action. We observed that Lxr-deficient mice are more susceptible to colitis. Clinical indicators of colitis including weight loss, diarrhea and blood in feces appeared earlier and were more severe in Lxr-deficient mice and particularly LXRβ protected against symptoms of colitis. Addition of an LXR agonist led to faster recovery and increased survival. In contrast, Lxr-deficient mice showed slower recovery and decreased survival. In Lxr-deficient mice, inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were increased together with increased infiltration of immune cells in the colon epithelium. Activation of LXRs strongly suppressed expression of inflammatory mediators including TNFα. While LXRα had anti-inflammatory effects in CD11b(+) immune cell populations, LXRβ in addition had anti-inflammatory effects in colon epithelial cells. Lack of LXRβ also induced CD4(+)/CD3(+) immune cell recruitment to the inflamed colon. Expression of both LXRA and LXRB was significantly suppressed in inflamed colon from subjects with IBD compared with non-inflamed colon. Taken together, our observations suggest that the LXRs could provide interesting targets to reduce the inflammatory responses in IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Jakobsson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L-L Vedin
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Hassan
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - N Venteclef
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, INSERM, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France
| | - D Greco
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M D'Amato
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - E Treuter
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J-Å Gustafsson
- 1] Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden [2] Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - K R Steffensen
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sjöberg V, Hollén E, Pietz G, Magnusson KE, Fälth-Magnusson K, Sundström M, Holmgren Peterson K, Sandström O, Hernell O, Hammarström S, Högberg L, Hammarström ML. Noncontaminated dietary oats may hamper normalization of the intestinal immune status in childhood celiac disease. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2014; 5:e58. [PMID: 24964993 PMCID: PMC4077043 DOI: 10.1038/ctg.2014.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Life-long, strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). Because there is still uncertainty regarding the safety of oats for CD patients, the aim was to investigate whether dietary oats influence the immune status of their intestinal mucosa. METHODS: Paired small intestinal biopsies, before and after >11 months on a GFD, were collected from children with CD who were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind intervention trial to either of two diets: standard GFD (GFD-std; n=13) and noncontaminated oat-containing GFD (GFD-oats; n=15). Expression levels of mRNAs for 22 different immune effector molecules and tight junction proteins were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. RESULTS: The number of mRNAs that remained elevated was higher in the GFD-oats group (P=0.05). In particular, mRNAs for the regulatory T cell (Treg) signature molecules interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), the cytotoxicity-activating natural killer (NK) receptors KLRC2/NKG2C and KLRC3/NKG2E, and the tight junction protein claudin-4 remained elevated. Between the two groups, most significant differences were seen for claudin-4 (P=0.003) and KLRC3/NKG2E (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: A substantial fraction of pediatric CD patients seem to not tolerate oats. In these patients, dietary oats influence the immune status of the intestinal mucosa with an mRNA profile suggesting presence of activated cytotoxic lymphocytes and Tregs and a stressed epithelium with affected tight junctions. Assessment of changes in levels of mRNA for claudin-4 and KLC3/NKG2E from onset to after a year on oats containing GFD shows promise to identify these CD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Hollén
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Grzegorz Pietz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Karl-Eric Magnusson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Fälth-Magnusson
- 1] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden [2] Division of Pediatrics in Linköping, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mia Sundström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kajsa Holmgren Peterson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Medical Microbiology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Olof Sandström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Olle Hernell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sten Hammarström
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Immunology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lotta Högberg
- 1] Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Division of Pediatrics, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden [2] Division of Pediatrics in Norrköping, County Council of Östergötland, Norrköping, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Turner MD, Nedjai B, Hurst T, Pennington DJ. Cytokines and chemokines: At the crossroads of cell signalling and inflammatory disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2563-2582. [PMID: 24892271 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1316] [Impact Index Per Article: 131.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation occurs as a result of exposure of tissues and organs to harmful stimuli such as microbial pathogens, irritants, or toxic cellular components. The primary physical manifestations of inflammation are redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function to the affected area. These processes involve the major cells of the immune system, including monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, dendritic cells, mast cells, T-cells, and B-cells. However, examination of a range of inflammatory lesions demonstrates the presence of specific leukocytes in any given lesion. That is, the inflammatory process is regulated in such a way as to ensure that the appropriate leukocytes are recruited. These events are in turn controlled by a host of extracellular molecular regulators, including members of the cytokine and chemokine families that mediate both immune cell recruitment and complex intracellular signalling control mechanisms that characterise inflammation. This review will focus on the role of the main cytokines, chemokines, and their receptors in the pathophysiology of auto-inflammatory disorders, pro-inflammatory disorders, and neurological disorders involving inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Turner
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Belinda Nedjai
- Leukocyte Biology Section, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tara Hurst
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Pennington
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, Whitechapel, London E1 2AT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bak YK, Lampe JW, Sung MK. Effects of dietary supplementation of glucosamine sulfate on intestinal inflammation in a mouse model of experimental colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014; 29:957-63. [PMID: 24325781 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epidemiological evidences suggested an inverse association between the use of glucosamine supplements and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk. In this study, the efficacy of glucosamine to attenuate dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, a precancerous condition for CRC, was evaluated. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were separated into three groups receiving glucosamine sulfate at concentrations of 0, 0.05, and 0.10% (w/w) of AIN-93G diet, respectively for 4 weeks. Colitis was induced by supplying two cycles (5 days per cycle) of 2% DSS in the animals' drinking water. RESULTS Glucosamine supplementation at the level of 0.10% of the diet (w/w) reduced colitis-associated symptoms as measured by disease activity index (DAI). Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor-kappa B mRNA expression in the colonic mucosa was significantly lower in animals fed 0.10% glucosamine compared with those of the control group. Expression of the tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin was significantly higher in the 0.10% glucosamine-supplemented group compared with the other groups. Also, colonic protein expression of lipocalin 2, and serum concentrations of interleukin-8 and amyloid P component (SAP) were significantly reduced in the 0.10% glucosamine-supplemented group compared with the control group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that glucosamine attenuates the colitis disease activity by suppressing NF-κB activation and related inflammatory responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Kyung Bak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Pietrosimone KM, Bhandari S, Lemieux MG, Knecht DA, Lynes MA. In vitro assays of chemotaxis as a window into mechanisms of toxicant-induced immunomodulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 58:Unit 18.17.. [PMID: 24510542 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx1817s58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated cell movement can lead to developmental abnormalities, neoplasia, and immune system disorders, and there are a variety of contexts in which xenobiotics (and biologic) effects on this movement are of interest. Many toxins and toxicants have been shown to disrupt controlled cell movement. Identification of compounds that affect cell movement is crucial to drug discovery. Drug components may have unexpected consequences with respect to cell motility, which would exclude these compounds in drug development. Finally, the development of drugs that target chemotactic pathways may be useful in the treatment of tumors, which often reprogram chemotactic pathways to become metastatic. The effects of these agents on cell movement can be measured using several different in vitro chemotactic assays. This review details the procedures of three in vitro measurements of chemotaxis: the Boyden chamber, the under-agarose assay, and the automated, real-time, ECIS/Taxis assay, and discusses the inferences that can be drawn from the results of such studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Pietrosimone
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
The role of cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 3:3-9. [PMID: 18472916 PMCID: PMC2367017 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935194000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1993] [Accepted: 11/30/1993] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play an important role in the development and persistence
of the inflammatory lesions seen in Crohn's disease and ulcerative
colitis. This review discusses the current thinking of the role of
cytokines in chronic intestinal inflammation including the
involvement of immunoregulatory cytokines within the Th1 and Th2
subsets.
Collapse
|
34
|
Piccolomini AF, Iskandar MM, Lands LC, Kubow S. High hydrostatic pressure pre-treatment of whey proteins enhances whey protein hydrolysate inhibition of oxidative stress and IL-8 secretion in intestinal epithelial cells. Food Nutr Res 2012; 56:17549. [PMID: 22723766 PMCID: PMC3380274 DOI: 10.3402/fnr.v56i0.17549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High hyperbaric pressure treatment of whey protein isolate (WPI) causes changes in the protein structure that enhances the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of WPI. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of pressurized whey protein isolate (pWPI) vs. native WPI (nWPI) hydrolysates in Caco-2 cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). DESIGN Cells were cultured with different concentrations of pWPI or nWPI hydrolysates either 1 h before or 1 h after H(2)O(2). Cell viability, IL-8 secretion, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the medium anti-oxidant capacity (FRAP assay) were measured. RESULTS Prior to and after H(2)O(2) exposure, pWPI and nWPI hydrolysates inhibited IL-8 secretion and ROS generation, and increased FRAP activity in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal inhibition of H(2)O(2)-induced IL-8 secretion was greater with 2000 µg mL(-1) of pWPI (50%) vs. nWPI (30%) hydrolysates. At the latter concentration, inhibition of H(2)O(2)-induced ROS formation reached 76% for pWPI, which was greater than for nWPI hydrolysates (32.5%). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WPI hydrolysates can alleviate inflammation and oxidative stress in intestinal cells exposed to oxidative injury, which is further enhanced by hyperbaric pressure pre-treatment of WPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André F Piccolomini
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Qazi BS, Tang K, Qazi A. Recent advances in underlying pathologies provide insight into interleukin-8 expression-mediated inflammation and angiogenesis. Int J Inflam 2011; 2011:908468. [PMID: 22235381 PMCID: PMC3253461 DOI: 10.4061/2011/908468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-8 has long been recognized to have anti-inflammatory activity, which has been established in various models of infection, inflammation, and cancer. Several cell types express the receptor for the cytokine IL-8 and upon its recognition produce molecules that are active both locally and systemically. Many different types of cells, in particular monocytes, neutrophils, epithelial, fibroblast, endothelial, mesothelial, and tumor cells, secrete IL-8. Increased expression of IL-8 and/or its receptors has been characterized in many chronic inflammatory conditions, including psoriasis, ARDS, COPD, and RA as well as many cancers, and its upregulation often correlates with disease activity. IL-8 constitutes the CXC class of chemokines, a potent chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils and other immune cells. It is a proangiogenic cytokine that is overexpressed in many human cancers. Therefore, inhibiting the effects of IL-8 signaling may be a significant therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basit Saleem Qazi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Spine Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Houimel M, Mazzucchelli L. hCXCR1 and hCXCR2 antagonists derived from combinatorial peptide libraries. Cytokine 2011; 57:322-31. [PMID: 22189418 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The human CXCL8 plays important roles in inflammation by activation of neutrophils through the hCXCR1 and hCXCR2 receptors. The role of hCXCR1 and hCXCR2 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory responses has encouraged the development of antagonists of these receptors. In this study, we used phage display peptide libraries to identify peptides antagonists that block the interactions between hCXCL8 and hCXCR1/2. Two linear hexapeptides (MSRAKE and CAKELR) and two disulfide-constrained hexapeptides (CLRSGRFC and CLPWKENC) were recovered by panning phage libraries on hCXCR1- and hCXCR2-transfected murine pre-B cells after specific elution with hCXCL8. Sequence analysis revealed homology between the linear hexapeptides and the N-terminal domain (1-SAKELR-6), whereas the constrained peptides are composed of non-contiguous amino acids mimicking spatial structure on the surface of folded C-terminal portion of hCXCL8 (50-CLDPKENWVQRVVEKFLKRAENS-72). The synthetic linear and structurally constrained peptides competed for (125)I-hCXCL8 binding to hCXCR1 and hCXCR2 (IC(50) comprised between 10 and 100μM). Furthermore, they inhibited the intracellular calcium flux and the migration of hCXCR1/hCXCR2 transfectants; and desensitized hCXCR1 and hCXCR2 receptors on neutrophils, reducing their chemotactic responses induced by ELR-CXC chemokines (hCXCL8, hCXCL1, hCXCL2, hCXCL3, and hCXCL5). To better characterize the residues required for hCXCL8 binding, we identified three linear peptides MLRQTR, HASILP and KKEPWI specific to hCXCL8. These peptides similarly displaced the binding of (125)I-hCXCL8 to hCXCR1 (IC(50) ranging from 8.5 to 10μM) in a dose-dependent manner, inhibited hCXCL8 induced increases in the intracellular calcium, and migration of hCXCR1- and hCXCR2-transfected cells. The identified peptides could be used as antagonists of hCXCL8-induced activities related to its interaction with hCXCR1 and hCXCR2 receptors and may help in the design of new anti-inflammatory therapeutic molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Houimel
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Vaccinologie et Génétique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunisia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Koelink PJ, Overbeek SA, Braber S, de Kruijf P, Folkerts G, Smit MJ, Kraneveld AD. Targeting chemokine receptors in chronic inflammatory diseases: an extensive review. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 133:1-18. [PMID: 21839114 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The traffic of the different types of immune cells is an important aspect in the immune response. Chemokines are soluble peptides that are able to attract cells by interaction with chemokine receptors on their target cells. Several different chemokines and receptors exist enabling the specific trafficking of different immune cells. In chronic inflammatory disorders there is abundance of immune cells present at the inflammatory site. This review focuses on the role of chemokine receptors in chronic inflammatory disorders of the lungs, intestine, joints, skin and nervous system and the potential of targeting these receptors as therapeutic intervention in these disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim J Koelink
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kim HY, Choi JH, Kang YJ, Park SY, Choi HC, Kim HS. Reparixin, an Inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2 Receptor Activation, Attenuates Blood Pressure and Hypertension-Related Mediators Expression in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 34:120-7. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.34.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Young Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Jin Hee Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hyoung Chul Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| | - Hee Sun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Aging-associated Vascular Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yamamoto S, Takahashi N, Mori Y. Chemical physiology of oxidative stress-activated TRPM2 and TRPC5 channels. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 103:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 05/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
40
|
Lang A, Ben Horin S, Picard O, Fudim E, Amariglio N, Chowers Y. Lidocaine inhibits epithelial chemokine secretion via inhibition of nuclear factor κB activation. Immunobiology 2010; 215:304-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2009.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Revised: 05/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
41
|
Zhou EH, Liu HR, Wu HG, Shi Z, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Shi DR, Zhou S. Down-regulation of protein and mRNA expression of IL-8 and ICAM-1 in colon tissue of ulcerative colitis patients by partition-herb moxibustion. Dig Dis Sci 2009; 54:2198-206. [PMID: 19083096 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-008-0620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of partition-herb moxibustion on ulcerative colitis (UC) rats. However, the mechanism of actions of partition-herb moxibustion is still unclear. Most Chinese acupuncturists believe that partition-herb improves the effect of moxibustion therapy. However, this argument lacks confirming experimental and clinical evidence. So, whether partition-herb does play a role in the mechanism of actions of partition-herb moxibustion was reported in this paper. A total of 123 patients were randomly divided into the partition-herb moxibustion group and the control group (partition-bran moxibustion group). Fourteen patients dropped out of the study. Finally, 109 patients finished the intervention. Sixty-one patients with UC received partition-herb moxibustion and 48 patients with UC received partition-bran moxibustion for 72 treatments, one treatment per day, every 12 treatments with an interval of 3 days. The expressions of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in the colonic mucosa tissue in mild patients with UC were assayed by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Histology of the colon also was observed at entry and after 72 treatments. Clinical therapeutic effect in partition-herb moxibustion was significantly better than those in partition-bran moxibustion (P < 0.05). Protein and mRNA expression of IL-8, ICAM-1 in the patients was inhibited by both partition-herb moxibustion and partition-bran moxibustion, of those the inhibition in the partition-herb moxibustion group was more obvious (P < 0.01). Partition-herb moxibustion was shown to significantly improve the histology of the colon, and partition-herb was shown to improve the therapeutic effect of moxibustion on treatment of UC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- En-Hua Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Meridians, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang XM, Hamza M, Wu TX, Dionne RA. Upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 gene expression after acute inflammation: Correlation to clinical pain. Pain 2009; 142:275-283. [PMID: 19233564 DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2009.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tissue injury initiates a cascade of inflammatory mediators and hyperalgesic substances including prostaglandins, cytokines and chemokines. Using microarray and qRT-PCR gene expression analyses, the present study evaluated changes in gene expression of a cascade of cytokines following acute inflammation and the correlation between the changes in the gene expression level and pain intensity in the oral surgery model of tissue injury and acute pain. Tissue injury resulted in a significant upregulation in the gene expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6; 63.3-fold), IL-8 (8.1-fold), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2; 8.9-fold), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1; 30.5-fold), chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 (CXCL2; 26-fold) and annexin A1 (ANXA1; 12-fold). The upregulation of IL-6 gene expression was significantly correlated to the upregulation of IL-8, CCL2, CXCL1 and CXCL2 gene expression. Interestingly, the tissue injury-induced upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 gene expression, was positively correlated to pain intensity at 3h post-surgery, the onset of acute inflammatory pain. However, ketorolac treatment did not have a significant effect on the gene expression of IL-6, IL-8, CCL2, CXCL2 and ANXA1 at the same time point of acute inflammation. These results demonstrate that the upregulation of IL-6, IL-8 and CCL2 gene expression contributes to the development of acute inflammation and inflammatory pain. The lack of effect of ketorolac on the expression of these gene products may be related to the ceiling analgesic effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Wang
- National Institute of Nursing Research, NIH, Building 10, CRC, Room 2-1339, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zahn A, Giese T, Karner M, Braun A, Hinz U, Stremmel W, Ehehalt R. Transcript levels of different cytokines and chemokines correlate with clinical and endoscopic activity in ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2009; 9:13. [PMID: 19203362 PMCID: PMC2644704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-9-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2007] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A definition of disease activity in ulcerative colitis (UC) is difficult. The clinical activity index (CAI) is only an indirect assessment tool of bowel inflammation and the endoscopic activity index (EAI) sometimes cannot reflect the severity of disease to the full extent. Therefore, there is a need for an objective means to quantify inflammatory activity in mucosal biopsies. In our study, we wanted to examine the correlation between transcript levels of interleukin 8 (CXCL8), interferon γ inducible protein 10 (CXCL10), myeloid-related protein 14 (calgranulin B), macrophage inflammatory protein 2 α (CXCL2) with CAI and EAI in UC. Methods Cytokine and chemokine transcripts were quantified using real-time PCR in 49 mucosal biopsies from 27 different patients with UC. Cytokine transcript levels were correlated with CAI and EAI. Results There was a statistically significant positive correlation between CXCL8 (r = 0.30; p < 0.05), CXCL10 (r = 0.40; p < 0.02), calgranulin B (r = 0.36; p < 0.03), CXCL2 (r = 0.31; p < 0.05) and CAI. Concerning EAI significant positive correlations for CXCL8 (r = 0.37; p < 0.02), CXCL10 (r = 0.33; p < 0.04), calgranulin B (r = 0.31; p < 0.05) and CXCL2 (r = 0.44; p < 0.05) were found. Low clinical and endoscopic activity was accompanied by low cytokine levels whereas high CAI and EAI were associated with high cytokine levels. Conclusion From our data, we conclude that real-time PCR quantification of CXCL8, CXCL10, calgranulin B and CXCL2 in colonic biopsies is a simple and objective method for grading inflammation of intestinal mucosa in UC. CXCL8, CXCL10, calgranulin B and CXCL2 might be used as biomarkers and thus as an objective tool especially in clinical trials to evaluate anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Zahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Mellits KH, Connerton IF, Loughlin MF, Clarke P, Smith J, Dillon E, Connerton PL, Mulholland F, Hawkey CJ. Induction of a chemoattractant transcriptional response by a Campylobacter jejuni boiled cell extract in colonocytes. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9:28. [PMID: 19193236 PMCID: PMC2672935 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Campylobacter jejuni, the commonest cause of bacterial diarrhoea worldwide, can also induce colonic inflammation. To understand how a previously identified heat stable component contributes to pro-inflammatory responses we used microarray and real-time quantitative PCR to investigate the transcriptional response to a boiled cell extract of Campylobacter jejuni NCTC 11168. Results RNA was extracted from the human colonocyte line HCA-7 (clone 29) after incubation for 6 hours with Campylobacter jejuni boiled cell extract and was used to probe the Affymetrix Human Genome U133A array. Genes differentially affected by Campylobacter jejuni boiled cell extract were identified using the Significance Score algorithm of the Bioconductor software suite and further analyzed using the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis program. The chemokines CCL20, CXCL3, CXCL2, Interleukin 8, CXCL1 and CXCL6 comprised 6 of the 10 most highly up-regulated genes, all with Significance Scores ≥ 10. Members of the Tumor Necrosis Factor α/Nuclear Factor-κB super-family were also significantly up-regulated and involved in the most significantly regulated signalling pathways (Death receptor, Interleukin 6, Interleukin 10, Toll like receptor, Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ and apoptosis). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis also identified the most affected functional gene networks such as cell movement, gene expression and cell death. In contrast, down-regulated genes were predominantly concerned with structural and metabolic functions. Conclusion A boiled cell extract of Campylobacter jejuni has components that can directly switch the phenotype of colonic epithelial cells from one of resting metabolism to a pro-inflammatory one, particularly characterized by increased expression of genes for leukocyte chemoattractant molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth H Mellits
- Division of Food Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Miura S, Kubes P, Granger DN. Gastrointestinal and Liver Microcirculations: Roles in Inflammation and Immunity. Compr Physiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp020414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
46
|
Németh E, Halász A, Baráth A, Domokos M, Gálfi P. Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide on Interleukin-8 Synthesis and Death of Caco-2 Cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2008; 29:297-310. [PMID: 17849273 DOI: 10.1080/08923970701513443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells can secrete interleukin-8 (IL-8), among other substances in response to different stimuli, which plays an important role in mucosal immune response. Above a certain concentration range, hydrogen peroxide causes cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. We investigated the time- and dose-dependent induction of IL-8 by hydrogen peroxide in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. In addition, the changes of transepithelial electrical resistance and cell death induction in response to hydrogen peroxide were studied. Nonfilter-grown and filter-grown Caco-2 cells were employed in our experiments. Interleukin-8 synthesis was measured by ELISA. Necrosis was determined by DAPI staining of cells, apoptosis by measuring caspase-3 enzyme activity or annexin V staining. In nonfilter-grown Caco-2 cells, 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide induced the highest level of IL-8 production 24 hr after treatment. In filter-grown Caco-2 cells, IL-8 was produced only on the apical side in response to 1 mM of hydrogen peroxide. This level was 10-fold lower than that measured in nonfilter-grown Caco-2 cells 24 hr after the treatment. In filter-grown Caco-2 cells 10 mM hydrogen peroxide induced the highest IL-8 level on the apical as well as basolateral side. Transepithelial electrical resistance decreased markedly upon application of 40 mM hydrogen peroxide. Late effect of hydrogen peroxide was observed in nonfilter-grown Caco-2 cells, as 1 mM hydrogen peroxide caused necrosis after 24 hr while early-necrosis induction occurred in filter-grown cells exposed to 40 mM of hydrogen peroxide after 1 hr. Filter-grown Caco-2 cells were less sensitive to hydrogen peroxide than the nonfilter-grown ones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Németh
- Department of Biology, Central Food Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bento AF, Leite DFP, Claudino RF, Hara DB, Leal PC, Calixto JB. The selective nonpeptide CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 ameliorates acute experimental colitis in mice. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 84:1213-21. [PMID: 18653784 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0408231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although neutrophils are strongly implicated in eliminating pathogens, excessive recruitment may cause tissue damage. Therefore, reducing cell influx during an inflammatory process may be a potential target for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). As CXCR2 is involved in neutrophil migration, this study aimed to evaluate whether the systemic therapeutic treatment with selective CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 ameliorates experimental colitis, which was induced in mice by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). After colitis establishment (24 h), mice were treated with SB225002. At later time-points, up to 72 h, mice were monitored for body weight loss and overall mortality. At the time of sacrifice, colonic tissues were scored for macro- and microscopic damage, and cytokine levels, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and protein expression were analyzed. TNBS administration induced macro- and microscopic damage in colon tissue, leading in most cases to animal death. Curative treatment with SB225002 significantly reduced all of the parameters analyzed, leading to an improvement of inflammatory signs. SB225002 reduced neutrophil influx, MPO activity, IL-1beta, MIP-2, and keratinocyte-derived chemokine (KC) levels and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, inducible NO synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins into the colon tissue. Levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were increased significantly in the colons of animals treated with SB225002. Additionally, curative treatment with mouse anti-KC significantly reduced MPO activity and colonic damage. These results taken together demonstrate that a selective blockade of CXCR2 consistently reduced TNBS-induced colitis, suggesting that the use of SB225002 is a potential therapeutic approach for the treatment of IBD and other related inflammatory disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allisson Freire Bento
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Campus Universitário, CEP 88049-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hendel J, Brynskov J, Særmark T, Bendtzen K. Section Review Pulmonary-Allergy, Dermatological, Gastrointestinal & Arthritis: Experimental cytokine modulation therapy of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2008. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.5.7.843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
49
|
Miura S, Kubes P, Granger DN. Gastrointestinal and Liver Microcirculations. Microcirculation 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-374530-9.00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
50
|
Moriconi A, Cesta MC, Cervellera MN, Aramini A, Coniglio S, Colagioia S, Beccari AR, Bizzarri C, Cavicchia MR, Locati M, Galliera E, Di Benedetto P, Vigilante P, Bertini R, Allegretti M. Design of Noncompetitive Interleukin-8 Inhibitors Acting on CXCR1 and CXCR2. J Med Chem 2007; 50:3984-4002. [PMID: 17665889 DOI: 10.1021/jm061469t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines CXCL8 and CXCL1 play a key role in the recruitment of neutrophils at the site of inflammation. CXCL8 binds two membrane receptors, CXCR1 and CXCR2, whereas CXCL1 is a selective agonist for CXCR2. In the past decade, the physiopathological role of CXCL8 and CXCL1 has been investigated. A novel class of small molecular weight allosteric CXCR1 inhibitors was identified, and reparixin, the first drug candidate, is currently under clinical investigation in the prevention of ischemia/reperfusion injury in organ transplantation. Reparixin binding mode to CXCR1 has been studied and used for a computer-assisted design program of dual allosteric CXCR1 and CXCR2 inhibitors. In this paper, the results of modeling-driven SAR studies for the identification of potent dual inhibitors are discussed, and three new compounds (56, 67, and 79) sharing a common triflate moiety have been selected as potential leads with optimized pharmacokinetic characteristics.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Allosteric Regulation
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemical synthesis
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Dinoprostone/biosynthesis
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/antagonists & inhibitors
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/physiology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mesylates/chemical synthesis
- Mesylates/chemistry
- Mesylates/pharmacology
- Mice
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Phenylpropionates/chemical synthesis
- Phenylpropionates/chemistry
- Phenylpropionates/pharmacology
- Propionates/chemical synthesis
- Propionates/pharmacokinetics
- Propionates/pharmacology
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Interleukin-8A/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-8B/antagonists & inhibitors
- Stereoisomerism
- Structure-Activity Relationship
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Moriconi
- Research Centre, Dompé pha.r.ma s.p.a., via Campo di Pile, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|