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Jia J, Zhou X, Chu Q. Mechanisms and therapeutic prospect of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway in liver cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5. [PMID: 38519710 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04983-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) poses a significant global health challenge due to its high incidence and poor prognosis. Current systemic treatment options, such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiofrequency ablation, and immunotherapy, have shown limited effectiveness for advanced LC patients. Moreover, owing to the heterogeneous nature of LC, it is crucial to uncover more in-depth pathogenic mechanisms and develop effective treatments to address the limitations of the existing therapeutic modalities. Increasing evidence has revealed the crucial role of the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway in the pathogenesis of LC. The specific mechanisms driving the JAK-STAT pathway activation in LC, participate in a variety of malignant biological processes, including cell differentiation, evasion, anti-apoptosis, immune escape, and treatment resistance. Both preclinical and clinical investigations on the JAK-STAT pathway inhibitors have exhibited potential in LC treatment, thereby opening up avenues for the development of more targeted therapeutic strategies for LC. In this study, we provide an overview of the JAK-STAT pathway, delving into the composition, activation, and dynamic interplay within the pathway. Additionally, we focus on the molecular mechanisms driving the aberrant activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in LC. Furthermore, we summarize the latest advancements in targeting the JAK-STAT pathway for LC treatment. The insights presented in this review aim to underscore the necessity of research into the JAK-STAT signaling pathway as a promising avenue for LC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- JunJun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xuelian Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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2
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Morande PE, Sivina M, Uriepero A, Seija N, Berca C, Fresia P, Landoni AI, Di Noia JM, Burger JA, Oppezzo P. Ibrutinib therapy downregulates AID enzyme and proliferative fractions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 2019; 133:2056-2068. [PMID: 30814061 PMCID: PMC7022232 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-09-876292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) initiates somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination of the immunoglobulin genes. As a trade-off for its physiological function, AID also contributes to tumor development through its mutagenic activity. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), AID is overexpressed in the proliferative fractions (PFs) of the malignant B lymphocytes, and its anomalous expression has been associated with a clinical poor outcome. Recent preclinical data suggested that ibrutinib and idelalisib, 2 clinically approved kinase inhibitors, increase AID expression and genomic instability in normal and neoplastic B cells. These results raise concerns about a potential mutagenic risk in patients receiving long-term therapy. To corroborate these findings in the clinical setting, we analyzed AID expression and PFs in a CLL cohort before and during ibrutinib treatment. We found that ibrutinib decreases the CLL PFs and, interestingly, also reduces AID expression, which correlates with dampened AKT and Janus Kinase 1 signaling. Moreover, although ibrutinib increases AID expression in a CLL cell line, it is unable to do so in primary CLL samples. Our results uncover a differential response to ibrutinib between cell lines and the CLL clone and imply that ibrutinib could differ from idelalisib in their potential to induce AID in treated patients. Possible reasons for the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical findings, and their effect on treatment safety, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Elías Morande
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mariela Sivina
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Angimar Uriepero
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Noé Seija
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Catalina Berca
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pablo Fresia
- Unidad de Bioinformática, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ana Inés Landoni
- Hospital Maciel, Administración de los Servicios de Salud del Estado, Ministerio de Salud, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Javier M Di Noia
- Division of Immunity and Viral Infections, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; and
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jan A Burger
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Pablo Oppezzo
- Research Laboratory on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Montevideo, Uruguay
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3
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Siveen KS, Uddin S, Mohammad RM. Targeting acute myeloid leukemia stem cell signaling by natural products. Mol Cancer 2017; 16:13. [PMID: 28137265 PMCID: PMC5282735 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0571-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most commonly diagnosed leukemia in adults (25%) and comprises 15-20% in children. It is a genetically heterogeneous aggressive disease characterized by the accumulation of somatically acquired genetic changes, altering self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, resulting in uncontrolled clonal proliferation of malignant progenitor myeloid cells in the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and occasionally in other body tissues. Treatment with modern chemotherapy regimen (cytarabine and daunorubicin) usually achieves high remission rates, still majority of patients are found to relapse, resulting in only 40-45% overall 5 year survival in young patients and less than 10% in the elderly AML patients. The leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are characterized by their unlimited self-renewal, repopulating potential and long residence in a quiescent state of G0/G1 phase. LSCs are considered to have a pivotal role in the relapse and refractory of AML. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies to target LSCs with limited toxicity towards the normal hematopoietic population is critical for the ultimate curing of AML. Ongoing research works with natural products like parthenolide (a natural plant extract derived compound) and its derivatives, that have the ability to target multiple pathways that regulate the self-renewal, growth and survival of LSCs point to ways for a possible complete remission in AML. In this review article, we will update and discuss various natural products that can target LSCs in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kodappully Sivaraman Siveen
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, PO Box 3050, Doha, Qatar
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4
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Chaubey R, Sazawal S, Mahapatra M, Chhikara S, Saxena R. Prognostic relevance of aberrant SOCS-1 gene promoter methylation in myelodysplastic syndromes patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 37:265-71. [PMID: 25123164 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The inactivation of suppressor of cytokine signaling SOCS-1, a negative regulator of cytokine pathways, by hypermethylation was shown in hematological malignancies including Myelsplastic Syndromes. So far, its prognostic relevance in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) patients has not been understood. METHODS Methylation status of SOCS-1 gene was analyzed in series of 100 patients using methylation-specific PCR (MS-PCR) and correlated with disease severity, progression, and survival by comparing prognostic factors such as hematological, clinical, and cytogenetics. RESULTS Of the total of 100 MDS patients analyzed, methylation of SOCS1 gene was found in 53% patients. Also, the frequency of patients with poor and intermediate cytogenetics was observed significantly high in methylated group (P < 0.001). Moreover, the patients with methylated SOCS-1 gene had significantly more frequent disease progression as compared to the patients with unmethylated SOCS-1 gene (P < 0.006). Both progression-free survival and median overall survival were significantly shorter in patients with methylated SOCS-1 gene when compared to the patients with unmethylated SOCS-1 gene (P = 0.006 & P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION This study for the first time showed that the mathylation of SOCS-1 gene plays an important role in the disease progression and is associated with poor survival especially among the high-risk patients. This may be due to high association between SOCS1 methylation and higher risk subtypes of MDS (such as RAEB) in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Chaubey
- Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Herrmann H, Blatt K, Shi J, Gleixner KV, Cerny-Reiterer S, Müllauer L, Vakoc CR, Sperr WR, Horny HP, Bradner JE, Zuber J, Valent P. Small-molecule inhibition of BRD4 as a new potent approach to eliminate leukemic stem- and progenitor cells in acute myeloid leukemia AML. Oncotarget 2013; 3:1588-99. [PMID: 23249862 PMCID: PMC3681497 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a life-threatening stem cell disease characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and accumulation of myeloblasts. Using an advanced RNAi screen-approach in an AML mouse model we have recently identified the epigenetic ‘reader’ BRD4 as a promising target in AML. In the current study, we asked whether inhibition of BRD4 by a small-molecule inhibitor, JQ1, leads to growth-inhibition and apoptosis in primary human AML stem- and progenitor cells. Primary cell samples were obtained from 37 patients with freshly diagnosed AML (n=23) or refractory AML (n=14). BRD4 was found to be expressed at the mRNA and protein level in unfractionated AML cells as well as in highly enriched CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all patients examined. In unfractionated leukemic cells, submicromolar concentrations of JQ1 induced major growth-inhibitory effects (IC50 0.05-0.5 μM) in most samples, including cells derived from relapsed or refractory patients. In addition, JQ1 was found to induce apoptosis in CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ stem- and progenitor cells in all donors examined as evidenced by combined surface/Annexin-V staining. Moreover, we were able to show that JQ1 synergizes with ARA-C in inducing growth inhibition in AML cells. Together, the BRD4-targeting drug JQ1 exerts major anti-leukemic effects in a broad range of human AML subtypes, including relapsed and refractory patients and all relevant stem- and progenitor cell compartments, including CD34+/CD38− and CD34+/CD38+ AML cells. These results characterize BRD4-inhibition as a promising new therapeutic approach in AML which should be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Boehm A, Mayerhofer M, Herndlhofer S, Knoebl P, Sillaber C, Sperr WR, Jaeger U, Valent P. Evaluation of in vivo antineoplastic effects of rapamycin in patients with chemotherapy-refractory AML. Eur J Intern Med 2009; 20:775-8. [PMID: 19892307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2009.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently been identified as a potential target in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS We treated 5 patients with chemotherapy-refractory AML with the mTOR-inhibitor rapamycin at 2mg per os daily for 14 days, with dose adjustment allowed to reach a target serum rapamycin concentration of 10-20 ng/mL. Four of five patients received additional hydroxyurea at constant dose during treatment with rapamycin. RESULTS Two patients achieved a leukocyte response, in one of them, a prolonged response was seen. In the other patients, blast counts remained stable or increased during rapamycin therapy. We did not observe severe hematologic or non-hematologic side effects of rapamycin. CONCLUSION Rapamycin at 2mg per day acts mildly cytoreductive in a subgroup of patients with refractory AML. Higher doses and drug combinations may be required to obtain long lasting anti-leukemic effects in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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7
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Böhm A, Aichberger KJ, Mayerhofer M, Herrmann H, Florian S, Krauth MT, Derdak S, Samorapoompichit P, Sonneck K, Vales A, Gleixner KV, Pickl WF, Sperr WR, Valent P. Targeting of mTOR is associated with decreased growth and decreased VEGF expression in acute myeloid leukaemia cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:395-405. [PMID: 19320940 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently been implicated in leukaemic cell growth, tumour-associated angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined whether mTOR plays a role as regulator of growth and VEGF-expression in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Three mTOR-targeting drugs, rapamycin, everolimus (RAD001) and CCI-779, were applied. The effects of these drugs on growth, survival, apoptosis and VEGF expression in primary AML cells and various AML cell lines were examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Growth of AML cells and AML-derived cell lines was assessed by (3)H-thymidine incorporation, survival was examined by light- and electron microscopy, by Tunel assay and by AnnexinV-staining, and the expression of VEGF by Northern blotting, RT-PCR and ELISA. RESULTS Rapamycin was found to counteract growth in the AML cell lines U937 and KG1a as well as in primary AML cells in 14/18 patients examined. The effects of rapamycin and its derivatives were dose-dependent (IC(50): 10 pM-100 nM). It was also found that exposure to mTOR-targeting drugs resulted in apoptosis and in decreased expression of VEGF in leukaemic cells. CONCLUSIONS mTOR-targeting drugs exert antileukaemic effects on AML cells in vitro through multiple actions, including direct inhibition of proliferation, induction of apoptosis and suppression of VEGF. Based on this study and other studies, mTOR can be regarded as a potential drug target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Böhm
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeev Estrov
- The Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD, Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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9
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Tissing WJE, den Boer ML, Meijerink JPP, Menezes RX, Swagemakers S, van der Spek PJ, Sallan SE, Armstrong SA, Pieters R. Genomewide identification of prednisolone-responsive genes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Blood 2007; 109:3929-35. [PMID: 17218380 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-11-056366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are keystone drugs in the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To get more insight in signal transduction pathways involved in glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis, Affymetrix U133A GeneChips were used to identify transcriptionally regulated genes on 3 and 8 hours of prednisolone exposure in leukemic cells of 13 children as compared with nonexposed cells. Following 3 hours of exposure no significant changes in gene expression could be identified. Following 8 hours of exposure, 51 genes were differentially expressed (P < .001 and false discovery rate < 10%) with 39 genes being up-regulated (median, 2.4-fold) and 12 genes were down-regulated (median, 1.7-fold). Twenty-one of those genes have not been identified before to be transcriptionally regulated by prednisolone. Two of the 3 most highly up-regulated genes were tumor suppressor genes, that is, thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP; 3.7-fold) and zinc finger and BTB domain containing 16 (ZBTB16; 8.8-fold). About 50% of the differentially expressed genes were functionally categorized in 3 major routes, namely MAPK pathways (9 genes), NF-kappaB signaling (11 genes), and carbohydrate metabolism (5 genes). Biologic characterization of these genes and pathways might elucidate the action of glucocorticoids in ALL cells, possibly suggesting causes of glucocorticoid resistance and new potential targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim J E Tissing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC/Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr Molewaterplein 60, 3015 GJ Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Wu SJ, Yao M, Chou WC, Tang JL, Chen CY, Ko BS, Huang SY, Tsay W, Chen YC, Shen MC, Wang CH, Yeh YC, Tien HF. Clinical implications of SOCS1 methylation in myelodysplastic syndrome. Br J Haematol 2006; 135:317-23. [PMID: 16978223 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.2006.06293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signalling-1 (SOCS1) protein is a tumour suppressor. Hypermethylation of SOCS1 gene, resulting in transcriptional silencing, is suggested to play an important role in cancer development. We sought to characterise SOCS1 methylation in primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and clarify its clinical implications. The methylation status of SOCS1 was analysed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in 114 patients with primary MDS and serial studies were performed in 29 of them. SOCS1 methylation occurred in 54 patients (47.4%), and was more frequent in patients with high-risk MDS than in those with low-risk (52.6% vs. 25.8%, P = 0.011). SOCS1 methylation was closely associated with NRAS mutation (P = 0.010) and inversely associated with good-risk karyotype (P = 0.021). With a median follow-up of 17 months (range: 1-231 months), two patients acquired SOCS1 methylation during disease progression. In two patients, SOCS1 methylation present at diagnosis, disappeared after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Patients with SOCS1 methylation had a higher cumulative risk of leukaemic transformation than those without (55.8% vs. 27.7% at 3 years, P = 0.004). This difference remained significant within the subgroup of patients with high-risk MDS (67.3% vs. 45.1% at 3 years, P = 0.045). This is the first report to demonstrate the clinical relevance of SOCS1 methylation in MDS. It may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MDS, especially among patients with high-risk subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ju Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far-East Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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11
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Florian S, Sonneck K, Hauswirth AW, Krauth MT, Schernthaner GH, Sperr WR, Valent P. Detection of molecular targets on the surface of CD34+/CD38-- stem cells in various myeloid malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2006; 47:207-22. [PMID: 16321850 DOI: 10.1080/10428190500272507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that myeloid neoplasms are organized hierarchically in terms of self-renewal and maturation of early progenitor cells, similar to normal myelopoiesis. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the NOD/SCID mouse-repopulating leukemic stem cells usually co-express CD123 with CD34, but lack CD38. So far, however, little is known about expression of other markers and targets on these progenitors. In the present study, expression of target antigens on CD34+/CD38- cells was analysed by multi-color flow cytometry in patients with AML (n = 18), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n = 6), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n = 8) and systemic mastocytosis (SM, n = 9). The IL-3Ralpha chain (CD123) was found to be expressed on CD34+/CD38- cells in a majority of the patients in all disease categories. Independent of the type of disease, the vast majority of these stem cells co-expressed aminopeptidase-N (CD13) and CD44 in all patients. By contrast, the CD34+/CD38- progenitor cells expressed variable amounts of the target receptor CD33, c-kit (CD117) and AC133 (CD133). In conclusion, neoplastic stem cells in various myeloid neoplasms appear to express a similar phenotype including target antigens such as CD13, CD33 and CD44. Since many of these targets are not expressed on all stem cells in all patients, the elimination of the entire clone may require combinations of targeted antibodies or use of additional drugs.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/analysis
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1/genetics
- Acute Disease
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD34/analysis
- Antigens, CD34/genetics
- Chronic Disease
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/genetics
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Male
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/diagnosis
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/genetics
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/diagnosis
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/immunology
- Stem Cells/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Florian
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Corvinus FM, Orth C, Moriggl R, Tsareva SA, Wagner S, Pfitzner EB, Baus D, Kaufmann R, Huberb LA, Zatloukal K, Beug H, Öhlschläger P, Schütz A, Halbhuber KJ, Friedrich K. Persistent STAT3 activation in colon cancer is associated with enhanced cell proliferation and tumor growth. Neoplasia 2005; 7:545-55. [PMID: 16036105 PMCID: PMC1501283 DOI: 10.1593/neo.04571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2004] [Revised: 01/20/2005] [Accepted: 01/21/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. It has so far been molecularly defined mainly by alterations of the Wnt pathway. We show here for the first time that aberrant activities of the signal transducer and activator of transcription STAT3 actively contribute to this malignancy and, thus, are a potential therapeutic target for CRC. Constitutive STAT3 activity was found to be abundant in dedifferentiated cancer cells and infiltrating lymphocytes of CRC samples, but not in non-neoplastic colon epithelium. Cell lines derived from malignant colorectal tumors lost persistent STAT3 activity in culture. However, implantation of colon carcinoma cells into nude mice resulted in restoration of STAT3 activity, suggesting a role of an extracellular stimulus within the tumor microenvironment as a trigger for STAT activation. STAT3 activity in CRC cells triggered through interleukin-6 or through a constitutively active STAT3 mutant promoted cancer cell multiplication, whereas STAT3 inhibition through a dominant-negative variant impaired IL-6-driven proliferation. Blockade of STAT3 activation in CRC-derived xenograft tumors slowed down their development, arguing for a contribution of STAT3 to colorectal tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Corvinus
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Carina Orth
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Svetlana A Tsareva
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Edith B Pfitzner
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Baus
- Institute for Biomedical Research, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Roland Kaufmann
- Clinic for General and Visceral Surgery, Friedrich-Schiller University Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Lukas A Huberb
- Department of Histology and Molecular Cell Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Institute of Pathology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hartmut Beug
- Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Öhlschläger
- Department of Gynaecology, Friedrich-Schiller University Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Karl-Jürgen Halbhuber
- Institute of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Schiller University Medical School, Jena, Germany
| | - Karlheinz Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena Medical School, Jena, Germany
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13
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Hawkins LM, Jayanthan AA, Narendran A. Effects of 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) on pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with respect to Bcr-Abl status and imatinib mesylate sensitivity. Pediatr Res 2005; 57:430-7. [PMID: 15659698 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000153871.45184.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
As more and more effective targeted therapeutics have been developed to treat adults with cancer, it is of critical importance to devise appropriate in vitro experimental models to study their use in pediatric patients. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with Bcr-Abl translocation is one of the most difficult to treat and deadly diseases in children. The targeted kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate has been shown to induce an initial response but resistance often develops. Recently, the geldanamycin family of antibiotics has been found to induce apoptosis in many malignant cells, including adult CML and AML. We describe experiments in which 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) was evaluated in the context of Bcr-Abl and resistance to imatinib mesylate. Pediatric ALL cell lines with varying Bcr-Abl status and imatinib mesylate sensitivity were generated and their growth inhibition by 17-AAG was studied in vitro. Western blots were used to follow the changes in proteins that correlate with cell survival. Results show that apoptosis was induced in all lines with an increased 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) for Bcr-Abl positive but imatinib mesylate-resistant cells. Addition of 17-AAG greatly increased imatinib sensitivity in vitro. A decrease in p53, survivin, Her2/neu, and WT1 was seen in cells that expressed these proteins. With some notable exceptions, when combined with 17-AAG, the IC50 of most of the common chemotherapeutic agents decreased. We describe an experimental approach to investigate the complex interaction between Bcr-Abl status, imatinib mesylate sensitivity, and 17-AAG in pediatric ALL. Information from such an approach will provide means to devise combined treatment approaches and to follow their effectiveness in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay M Hawkins
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Therapeutics for Childhood Cancers, Southern Alberta Children's Cancer Program, Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta T2T 5C7, Canada
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14
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Jordan CT, Guzman ML. Mechanisms controlling pathogenesis and survival of leukemic stem cells. Oncogene 2004; 23:7178-87. [PMID: 15378078 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are an integral component of normal mammalian physiology and have been intensively studied in many systems. Intriguingly, substantial evidence indicates that stem cells also play an important role in the initiation and pathogenesis of at least some cancers. In particular, myeloid leukemias have been extensively characterized with regard to stem and progenitor cell involvement. Thus, as a focal point for both scientific and therapeutic endeavors, leukemic stem cells (LSC) represent a critical area of investigation. LSC appear to retain many characteristics of normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) as evidenced by a hierarchical developmental pattern, a mostly quiescent cell cycle profile, and an immunophenotype very similar to HSC. Consequently, defining unique properties of LSC remains a high priority in order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms driving stem cell transformation, and for developing therapeutic strategies that specifically target the LSC population. In this review, we discuss emerging concepts in the field and describe how various molecular and cellular characteristics of leukemia cells might be exploited as a means to preferentially ablate malignant stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig T Jordan
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 703, NY 14642, USA.
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Baśkiewicz-Masiuk M, Machaliński B. The role of the STAT5 proteins in the proliferation and apoptosis of the CML and AML cells. Eur J Haematol 2004; 72:420-9. [PMID: 15128421 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2004.00242.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The STAT5 proteins are activated by many haematological cytokines and growth factors. They regulate cell cycle, apoptosis and proliferation of different cells via the influence on gene transcription. Because STAT5s are constitutively activated in certain haematooncologic diseases, they are suggested to play an important role in leukaemogenesis. However, the real function of these proteins in haematopoietic cell transformation and proliferation is not clear enough. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of suppression of STAT5A and STAT5B expression on the clonogenicity and apoptosis of the chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blast cells from 34 newly diagnosed patients with CML and AML were used in our experiments. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were applied to block STAT5A and STAT5B at the mRNA level and the RT-PCR method was used to study STAT5 mRNA expression in the cells after incubation with ODNs. Moreover, Western blot analysis of the STAT5 proteins was performed. The effect of ODN pretreatment on cell clonogenicity in methylocellulose cultures was examined according to the type of oligodeoxynucleotide and the time of exposure. The induction of apoptosis in cells was also estimated by the Annexin V/PI staining and the TUNEL method using flow cytometry. RESULTS Perturbation of STAT5 expression decreased proliferative potential of the CML and the AML blasts as well as enhanced their apoptosis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our studies showed that the STAT5 proteins may be critical in the regulation of growth and apoptosis of the CML and AML leukaemic cells.
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Kanie T, Abe A, Matsuda T, Kuno Y, Towatari M, Yamamoto T, Saito H, Emi N, Naoe T. TEL-Syk fusion constitutively activates PI3-K/Akt, MAPK and JAK2-independent STAT5 signal pathways. Leukemia 2004; 18:548-55. [PMID: 14749700 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2003] [Accepted: 12/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the fusion of the TEL gene to the Syk gene in myelodysplastic syndrome with t(9;12)(q22;p12). TEL-Syk fusion transformed interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent murine hematopoietic cell line BaF3 to growth factor independence. Here, we investigate the intracellular signal transduction of the stable transfectants. TEL-Syk fusion protein was associated with the p85 subunit of phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3-K) followed by the activation of Akt in the absence of IL-3. Vav, phospholipase C-gamma2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were also constitutively activated. TEL-Syk also activated the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) in the absence of Janus kinase 2 activation. None of these kinases were phosphorylated in the BaF3 cells transfected with TELDeltaPNT-Syk in which the oligomerization domain of TEL was deleted. Inhibitor analysis showed that the MAPK pathway was important in TEL-Syk-mediated cell proliferation. The immunofluorescence technique revealed that the TEL-Syk fusion protein was located in the cytoplasm. These data suggest that TEL-Syk fusion protein in the cytoplasm leads to the constitutive activation of PI3-K/Akt, MAPK and STAT5 signal pathways, which are closely involved in IL-3-independent cell proliferation of BaF3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kanie
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Baśkiewicz-Masiuk M, Masiuk M, Machaliński B. The influence of STAT5 antisense oligonucleotides on the proliferation and apoptosis of selected human leukaemic cell lines. Cell Prolif 2003; 36:265-78. [PMID: 14521520 PMCID: PMC6495883 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2184.2003.00283.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal transducers and activators of transcription--STAT5A and STAT5B--take part in the regulation of many essential physiopathological processes. They influence the cell cycle, apoptosis and the proliferation of different types of cell lines. The STAT5 proteins are induced in response to multiple haematopoietic cytokines. Because they are constitutively active in certain haemato-oncologic diseases, it is also suggested that they play an important role in leukaemogenesis. However, function of these proteins in haematopoietic cell transformation and proliferation is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of perturbation of STAT5 expression [using oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) against STAT5 mRNA], on the clonogenicity and survival of selected human leukaemic cell lines, HEL, HL-60, K562, TF-1. We analysed the effect of ODN pre-treatment on the cell clonogenicity in methylcellulose cultures according to the time and the temperature of exposure. Moreover, we attempted to estimate apoptosis induced in examined cells, by flow cytometry using combined Annexin V-PI staining and the TUNEL method. We also applied the RT-PCR method to analyse Bax and Bcl-xL gene expression. We found that the perturbation of STAT5 expression with antisense oligonucleotides caused a decrease in the proliferative potential of human K562 and TF-1 cell lines. Also, we observed higher induction of apoptotic cell death in the K562 and TF-1 cells incubated with the antisense STAT5A ODNs. We did not notice any impact of ODNs on the HL-60 and HEL cells. Our studies using STAT5 antisense oligonucleotides showed that these proteins may be critical in the regulation of growth and apoptosis of some types of leukaemic blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Baśkiewicz-Masiuk
- Department of General Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Chen CY, Tsay W, Tang JL, Shen HL, Lin SW, Huang SY, Yao M, Chen YC, Shen MC, Wang CH, Tien HF. SOCS1 methylation in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2003; 37:300-5. [PMID: 12759928 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.10222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells depend on various cytokines. The suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS1) down-regulates Janus kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway activity and inhibits the biological effects of cytokines. SOCS1 has been shown to have tumor-suppressor activity, and methylation of this gene, resulting in transcriptional silencing, has been found in 65% of hepatocellular carcinoma and has been suggested to play an important role in the development of the cancer. The methylation status of the SOCS1 gene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has not been reported before. In this study, we analyzed SOCS1 methylation in 89 patients with newly diagnosed AML and correlated the result with immunophenotypes, cytogenetics, clinical features, and treatment outcome. SOCS1 methylation was found in the leukemic cells from 53 patients (60%). Thirteen (76%) of the 17 patients with t(15;17) had SOCS1 methylation, whereas this gene was methylated in only one (11%) of the nine patients with t(8;21). The frequencies of SOCS1 methylation among various cytogenetic subgroups differed significantly (P = 0.014). Other clinical and laboratory parameters and the disease-free survival and overall survival were similar between patients with and without SOCS1 methylation. In conclusion, SOCS1 methylation occurs in more than half of AML cases, correlates with cytogenetic abnormalities, and may play an important role in the development of subsets of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kawauchi K, Ogasawara T, Yasuyama M, Ohkawa SI. Involvement of Akt kinase in the action of STI571 on chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2003; 31:11-7. [PMID: 12850478 DOI: 10.1016/s1079-9796(03)00070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt kinase in leukemogenesis caused by the breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson (ABL) tyrosine kinase oncoprotein, we examined the activities of MAPKs and Akt kinase and their roles in the action of STI571, a specific inhibitor of BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase, in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. We found that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and Akt kinase are constitutively active in the chronic phase of CML, blast crisis of CML, and the CML-derived K562 cell line. Both interferon-alpha and STI571 suppressed ERK1/2 activity in K562 cells. In contrast, Akt kinase activity was inhibited only by STI571. K562 cell proliferation was markedly suppressed by LY294002, a specific inhibitor of PI3K/Akt kinase, and STI571 but not by PD98059, a specific inhibitor of MEK1/2. In addition, caspase-3 was activated by treatment of cells with STI571 and LY294002 but not with PD98059. These data indicate that Akt kinase may play a role in the proliferation of CML leukemia cells and the action of STI571. Primary leukemia cells from patients with CML blast crisis did not show inhibition of ERK1/2 or Akt kinase activity and were resistant to caspase-3-associated apoptosis after treatment with STI571. These findings suggest that STI571 does not effectively block signaling molecules downstream of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase in some cases of CML blast crisis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/enzymology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/etiology
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/physiology
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/physiology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Kawauchi
- Department of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Daini Hospital, 2-1-10 Nishiogu, Arakawa-ku, 116-8567, Tokyo, Japan
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Law S, Maiti D, Palit A, Chaudhuri S. Role of biomodulators and involvement of protein tyrosine kinase on stem cell migration in normal and leukaemic mice. Immunol Lett 2003; 86:287-90. [PMID: 12706533 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(03)00028-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase has an important role with regard to self-renewal and as a comitogen in the movement of stem cells out of the haemopoietic stem cell pool into the progeny pool. The present investigation has an objective to evaluate the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activity of bone marrow derived pluripotent cells before and after application of biological response modifiers (BRMs) in normal and leukaemic mice. The PTK activity of the cytosolic fraction of bone marrow cells has been determined by the assay kit based on per-oxidase labeled substrate analog and biotin-streptavidin expression. A consequent cell population kinetic study has also been conducted. Results showed a higher activity in the cells of leukaemic mice, which under the influence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the non-specific BRM sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) undergo further activation. Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) when administered alone showed a suppressive effect and the combination of the three manifested a resultant suppression. Corresponding migration (cell population kinetics) of the bone marrow cells (BMC) also correlated well with the PTK activity of the cells concerned. The observations indicated that the pluripotent BMCs are under regulated control of the PTK activity, which can be manipulated by selective BRMs. The data also suggested the therapeutic benefit of IFN-gamma along with chemotherapeutics against leukaemia and that of IL-2 and SRBC during bone marrow failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Law
- Department of Haematology, Immunology and Immuno-Haematology Laboratory, School of Tropical Medicine, CR Avenue, Kolkata 700 073, India
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Reilly
- Molecular Haematology Unit, Division of Molecular and Genetic Medicine, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
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