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Lua WH, Su CTT, Yeo JY, Poh JJ, Ling WL, Phua SX, Gan SKE. Role of the IgE variable heavy chain in FcεRIα and superantigen binding in allergy and immunotherapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:514-523.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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2
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Kerzel S, Rogosch T, Struecker B, Maier RF, Kabesch M, Zemlin M. Unlike in Children with Allergic Asthma, IgE Transcripts from Preschool Children with Atopic Dermatitis Display Signs of Superantigen-Driven Activation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:4885-92. [PMID: 27183570 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The IgE repertoire in children with asthma reflects an adaptive B cell response, indicative of Ag-driven selection. However, the same might not apply to atopic dermatitis, which is often the first manifestation of atopy. The objective of our present study was to characterize the IgE repertoire of preschool children with atopic dermatitis with regard to signs of superantigen-like activation, clonal relationship, and indications of Ag selection. Total RNA was isolated from PBMCs of five children with atopic dermatitis. IgE transcripts were amplified, cloned, and sequenced using RT-PCR. We obtained 200 functional IgE sequences, which were compared with 1140 sequences from 11 children with asthma. Whereas variable gene segment of the H Ig chain (VH) gene usage in asthma reflected germline distribution, IgE transcripts from children with atopic dermatitis displayed a dominance of the otherwise scarcely expressed VH2 and VH4 family. Whereas IgE transcripts from children with asthma were highly mutated (7.2%), somatic mutation rate in atopic dermatitis was less than half as high (3.4%). Moreover, the proportion of transcripts that were indicative of Ag selection was reduced to 11% in atopic dermatitis (24% in asthma). In summary, IgE repertoires vary significantly between children with different atopic diseases. Compared with children with asthma, IgE transcripts from preschool children with atopic dermatitis are significantly less mutated, clonally less focused, and less indicative of Ag selection. We consider our data reconcilable with the hypothesis that a superantigen-like activation contributes to the maturation and selection of the IgE repertoire in atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kerzel
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, St. Hedwig Campus, D-93049 Regensburg, Germany; and Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Rogosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Struecker
- Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Rolf F Maier
- Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Michael Kabesch
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergy, University Children's Hospital Regensburg, St. Hedwig Campus, D-93049 Regensburg, Germany; and
| | - Michael Zemlin
- Department of Pediatrics, Philipps-University Marburg, D-35043 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Marth K, Novatchkova M, Focke-Tejkl M, Jenisch S, Jäger S, Kabelitz D, Valenta R. Tracing antigen signatures in the human IgE repertoire. Mol Immunol 2010; 47:2323-9. [PMID: 20573403 PMCID: PMC2981859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.05.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 05/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Allergen recognition by IgE antibodies is a key event in allergic inflammation. In this study, the IgE IGHV repertoires of individuals with allergy to the major birch pollen allergen, Bet v 1, were analyzed over a four years period of allergen exposure by RT-PCR and sequencing of cDNA. Approximately half of the IgE transcripts represented non-redundant sequences, which belonged to seventeen different IGHV genes. Most variable regions contained somatic mutations but also non-mutated sequences were identified. There was no evidence for relevant increases of somatic mutations over time of allergen exposure. Highly similar IgE variable regions were found after four years of allergen exposure in the same and in genetically non-related individuals. Our results indicate that allergens select and shape a limited number of similar IgE variable regions in the human IgE repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Marth
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 7, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Focke-Tejkl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Jenisch
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstrasse 5, 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Siegfried Jäger
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dieter Kabelitz
- Institute of Immunology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Michaelisstrasse 5, 24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author at: Christian Doppler Laboratory for Allergy Research, Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology, Center of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Tel.: +43 1404005108; fax: +43 1404005130.
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4
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Davies JM, O'Hehir RE. Immunogenetic characteristics of immunoglobulin E in allergic disease. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38:566-78. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2008.02941.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Persson H, Sadegh MK, Greiff L, Ohlin M. Delineating the specificity of an IgE-encoding transcriptome. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:1186-92. [PMID: 17825890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2007] [Revised: 06/21/2007] [Accepted: 06/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although much is known about the reactivity of polyclonal populations of antibodies targeting the wide array of allergens produced by timothy (Phleum pratense) and other grass species, little is known about the finer details at the level of individual antibody specificities. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the IgE repertoire as it occurs in a patient with grass pollen allergy. METHODS For this purpose, a human IgE library was used, constructed from peripheral blood B cells of an individual with timothy allergy. The library was screened by using phage display against a panel of 6 timothy allergens (Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 4, Phl p 5, Phl p 6, and Phl p 11). RESULTS Highly diverse antibody fragments with respect to gene usage were identified. The binders were specific for their respective target antigen, except for clones selected on Phl p 6 that also recognized Phl p 5, most likely reflecting the high sequence homology between these allergens. Interestingly, by using this approach, we were able to determine the specificity of more than 25% of all IgE-producing transcripts in this individual with allergy. CONCLUSION The human IgE repertoire is produced by a limited number of highly related B-cell clones and as such is restricted in its recognition of a limited number of antigens. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Human allergen-specific antibodies can, by defining the specificity of IgE responses, aid in the development of allergy vaccines or even by themselves be used in passive immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Persson
- Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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6
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Lim A, Luderschmidt S, Weidinger A, Schnopp C, Ring J, Hein R, Ollert M, Mempel M. The IgE repertoire in PBMCs of atopic patients is characterized by individual rearrangements without variable region of the heavy immunoglobulin chain bias. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 120:696-706. [PMID: 17631954 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with atopic diseases are characterized by high levels of specific IgE production. However, little is known about the composition of their B-cell repertoires. OBJECTIVES We sought to analyze the complete PBMC-derived IgE repertoire and to compare clonal expansions between different patients. METHODS We have analyzed the IgE-bearing B-cell receptor repertoire in highly atopic patients (>1000 IU/mL) using quantitative RT-PCR, complementarity determining region 3 spectratyping, and sequence analysis. Three representative patients were additionally followed during anti-IgE therapy. RESULTS Atopic patients exhibited 100 to 1000 times more IgE-specific transcripts than control individuals. These patients used a variable region of the heavy immunoglobulin chain (VH) epsilon repertoire highly similar to their IgM and IgG repertoires, with preference of VH3b, VH4, VH3a, and VH1 segments. Each patient harbored individual clonal expansions, most probably as correlation of allergen-specific IgE production. Common expansions within the complementary determining region 3 shared by several individuals with similar sensitization patterns were found in spectratyping analysis. However, these antigen-driven expansions showed differences on the sequence level. In omalizumab-treated patients the clinical improvement was paralleled by a clear increase in the ratio of IgG/IgE transcripts. CONCLUSION The IgE repertoire in atopic patients follows the VH use patterns seen for other immunoglobulins and seems to preferentially recruit individual rearrangements rather than public expansions. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS The detailed analysis of the IgE B-cell repertoire is highly suitable to follow changes in IgE uses during different therapy modalities.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Anti-Allergic Agents/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Female
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte/drug effects
- Genes, Immunoglobulin
- Humans
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/drug therapy
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/genetics
- Hypersensitivity, Immediate/immunology
- Immunoglobulin E/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/immunology
- Immunoglobulin M/blood
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/drug effects
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Omalizumab
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/drug effects
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Annick Lim
- Unité de Recherche et d'Expertise Immunité anti-virale, Biothérapie et Vaccins, Paris, France; INSERM U668, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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7
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Andréasson U, Flicker S, Lindstedt M, Valenta R, Greiff L, Korsgren M, Borrebaeck CAK, Ohlin M. The human IgE-encoding transcriptome to assess antibody repertoires and repertoire evolution. J Mol Biol 2006; 362:212-27. [PMID: 16905150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2006.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Upon encounter with antigen, the B lymphocyte population responds by producing a diverse set of antigen-specific antibodies of various isotypes. The vast size of the responding populations makes it very difficult to study clonal evolution and repertoire composition occurring during these processes in humans. Here, we have explored an approach utilizing the H-EPSILON-encoding transcriptome to investigate aspects of repertoire diversity during the season of antigen exposure. We show through sequencing of randomly picked transcripts that the sizes of patients' repertoires are relatively small. This specific aspect of the transcriptome allows us to construct evolutionary trees pinpointing features of somatic hypermutation as it occurs in humans. Despite the small size of the repertoires, they are highly diverse with respect to VDJ gene usage, suggesting that the H-EPSILON-encoding transcriptome is a faithful mimic of other class-switched isotypes. Importantly, it is possible to use antibody library and selection technologies to define the specificity of clonotypes identified by random sequencing. The small size of the H-EPSILON-encoding transcriptome of peripheral blood B cells, the simple identification of clonally related sets of genes in this population, and the power of library and selection technologies ensure that this approach will allow us to investigate antibody evolution in human B lymphocytes of known specificity. As H-EPSILON repertoires show many of the hallmarks of repertoires encoding other isotypes, we suggest that studies of this type will have an impact on our understanding of human antibody evolution even beyond that occurring in the IgE-producing B cell population.
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8
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Bando Y, Shimizu A, Ra C. Characterization of VHepsilon gene expressed in PBL from children with atopic diseases: detection of homologous VH1-69 derived transcripts from three unrelated patients. Immunol Lett 2005; 94:99-106. [PMID: 15234541 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2004] [Revised: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 04/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the molecular background of IgE production in early infancy, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of 36 VH-Cepsilon transcripts expressed in PBL from three infants with allergic diseases. We detected transcripts derived from VH1, VH3, VH4 gene family members, and no bias was observed in the usage of particular VH gene family. However, some VH members, VH1; 1-46, 1-69, VH3; 3-11, 3-21, VH4; 4-39, 4-59 were frequently seen and thus notable. VH4 gene was dominant in one patient with severe atopic dermatitis and food allergy, suggesting the involvement of this gene in pathogenesis of the disease. Even a limited number of clones were analyzed, we also found highly homologous VH1-69 derived sequences from all the three patients, which share the same somatic mutations or polymorphic variations in complementarity-determining region (CDR) 1, and 2 with the same CDR3 (D-JH) sequences including the junctions. These findings might suggest that a rather limited VH gene might be rearranged for specific IgE in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Bando
- Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan.
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9
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Jakobsen CG, Bodtger U, Kristensen P, Poulsen LK, Roggen EL. Isolation of high-affinity human IgE and IgG antibodies recognising Bet v 1 and Humicola lanuginosa lipase from combinatorial phage libraries. Mol Immunol 2004; 41:941-53. [PMID: 15302157 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2004.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Revised: 04/02/2004] [Accepted: 05/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Allergen-specific Fab fragments isolated from combinatorial IgE and IgG libraries are useful tools for studying allergen-antibody interactions. To characterise the interaction between different allergens and antibodies we have created recombinant human phage antibody libraries in the Fab format. Human IgE and IgG libraries have been created from patients allergic to birch pollen or lipase. These libraries have been used to select binders recognising the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and Humicola lanuginosa lipase. A panel of allergen-specific IgE and IgG antibodies were identified; these were further characterised by allergen binding studies using Biacore and competition studies using human sera and antibodies purified from human sera. Affinities in the nM range were recorded and a competition with human sera for allergen binding was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte G Jakobsen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej, Aarhus C, Denmark
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10
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Davies JM, O'Hehir RE. VH gene usage in immunoglobulin E responses of seasonal rhinitis patients allergic to grass pollen is oligoclonal and antigen driven. Clin Exp Allergy 2004; 34:429-36. [PMID: 15005737 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.01900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE is the pivotal-specific effector molecule of allergic reactions yet it remains unclear whether the elevated production of IgE in atopic individuals is due to superantigen activation of B cell populations, increased antibody class switching to IgE or oligoclonal allergen-driven IgE responses. OBJECTIVES To increase our understanding of the mechanisms driving IgE responses in allergic disease we examined immunoglobulin variable regions of IgE heavy chain transcripts from three patients with seasonal rhinitis due to grass pollen allergy. METHODS Variable domain of heavy chain-epsilon constant domain 1 cDNAs were amplified from peripheral blood using a two-step semi-nested PCR, cloned and sequenced. RESULTS The VH gene family usage in subject A was broadly based, but there were two clusters of sequences using genes VH 3-9 and 3-11 with unusually low levels of somatic mutations, 0-3%. Subject B repeatedly used VH 1-69 and subject C repeatedly used VH 1-02, 1-46 and 5a genes. Most clones were highly mutated being only 86-95% homologous to their germline VH gene counterparts and somatic mutations were more abundant at the complementarity determining rather than framework regions. Multiple sequence alignment revealed both repeated use of particular VH genes as well as clonal relatedness among clusters of IgE transcripts. CONCLUSION In contrast to previous studies we observed no preferred VH gene common to IgE transcripts of the three subjects allergic to grass pollen. Moreover, most of the VH gene characteristics of the IgE transcripts were consistent with oligoclonal antigen-driven IgE responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Davies
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road, Melbourne, Vic 3004, Australia.
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11
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Coker HA, Durham SR, Gould HJ. Local somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitis patients. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 171:5602-10. [PMID: 14607969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.10.5602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E is produced by nasal B cells in response to allergen. We have analyzed IgE V(H) region sequences expressed in the nasal mucosa of patients suffering from allergic rhinitis. V(H) region sequences were amplified by RT-PCR from IgE(+) B cells from nasal biopsies. In two of six patients, sequence analysis clearly demonstrated the presence of closely related IgE(+) B cell clones: cells displaying identical signature regions across CDR3/FWR4, indicating a common clonal ancestry, but a mixture of shared and diverse somatic mutations across the V(H) region. Furthermore, in one of the two patients exhibiting related IgE(+) B cell clones, five IgA(+) B cell clones, related to the IgE(+) B cell family, were also isolated from the patient's nasal mucosa. This evidence, combined with the local expression of mRNA transcripts encoding activation-induced cytidine deaminase, suggests that local somatic hypermutation, clonal expansion, and class switch recombination occur within the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitics. The presence of related B cells in the nasal mucosa does not appear to result from the random migration of IgE(+) cells from the systemic pool, as analysis of a nonatopic subject with highly elevated serum IgE did not exhibit any detectable V(H)-Cepsilon transcripts in the nasal mucosa. We have provided evidence that suggests for the first time that the nasal mucosa of allergic rhinitics is an active site for local somatic hypermutation, clonal expansion, and class switch recombination, making it of major significance for the targeting of future therapies.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Clone Cells
- Cytidine Deaminase/biosynthesis
- Cytidine Deaminase/genetics
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin A/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Class Switching/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/immunology
- Nasal Mucosa/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Recombination, Genetic/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/enzymology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/genetics
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Coker
- The Randall Centre, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Collins AM, Sewell WA, Edwards MR. Immunoglobulin gene rearrangement, repertoire diversity, and the allergic response. Pharmacol Ther 2003; 100:157-70. [PMID: 14609718 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2003.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The immunoglobulin repertoire arises as a consequence of combinatorial diversity, junctional diversity, and the process of somatic point mutation. Each of these processes involves biases that limit and shape the available immunoglobulin repertoire. The expressed repertoire is further shaped by selection, to the extent that biased gene usage can become apparent in many disease states. The study of rearranged immunoglobulin genes therefore may not only provide insights into the molecular processes involved in the generation of antibody diversity but also inform us of pathogenic processes and perhaps identify particular lymphocyte clones as therapeutic targets. Partly as a consequence of the low numbers of circulating IgE-committed B-cells, studies of rearranged IgE genes in allergic individuals have commenced relatively recently. In this review, recent advances in our understanding of the processes of immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and somatic point mutation are described, and biases inherent to these processes are discussed. The evidence that some diseases may be associated with particular gene rearrangements is then considered, with a particular focus on allergic disease. Reviewed data suggest that an important contribution to the IgE response may come from cells that use relatively rare heavy chain V (V(H)) segment genes, which display little somatic point mutation. Some IgE antibodies also seem to display polyreactive binding. In other contexts, these 3 characteristics have been associated with antibodies of the B-1 B-cell subset, and the possibility that B-1 B-cells contribute to the allergic response is therefore considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Collins
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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13
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Wündisch T, Neubauer A, Stolte M, Ritter M, Thiede C. B-cell monoclonality is associated with lymphoid follicles in gastritis. Am J Surg Pathol 2003; 27:882-7. [PMID: 12826879 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200307000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The gold standard for diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma is histopathology. Polymerase chain reaction-based assays to detect the expansion of monoclonal B cells have also been used to corroborate the diagnosis. However, there are conflicting data on monoclonal B-cell expansion in gastritis. We asked about its frequency in graded gastritis cases. Lymphocytic infiltration in gastric biopsies was graded according to Wotherspoon in 129 cases. The histologic diagnosis ranged from normal gastric mucosa to suspicious for gastric MALT lymphoma. To search for a monoclonal B-cell population, a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction strategy was used for amplification of rearranged VDJ sequences of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene. Of 106 evaluable samples, 18 were found to be monoclonal. The detection of a monoclonal B-cell population was strongly associated with the presence of lymphoid follicles. In cases with lymphoid follicles, detection of monoclonality was independent of Wotherspoon grading; there is no significant difference between cases being suspicious for lymphoma and those not. We found B-cell monoclonality to be a more frequent than expected finding in gastritis and to be strongly associated with the presence of lymphoid follicles; thus, its presence is of little significance in patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wündisch
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Immunologie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany.
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14
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Edwards MR, Brouwer W, Choi CHY, Ruhno J, Ward RL, Collins AM. Analysis of IgE antibodies from a patient with atopic dermatitis: biased V gene usage and evidence for polyreactive IgE heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:6305-13. [PMID: 12055246 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.12.6305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To better understand V gene usage, specificity, and clonal origins of IgE Abs in allergic reactions, we have constructed a combinatorial Ab library from the mRNA of an adult patient with atopic dermatitis. Sequence analysis of random clones revealed that 33% of clones used the IGHV6-1 H chain V gene segment, the only member of the V(H)6 gene family. IGHV6-1 is rarely used in the expressed adult repertoire; however, it is associated with fetal derived Abs. Features of the V(H)6 rearrangements included short complementarity-determining region 3, frequent use of IGHD7-27 D gene, and little nucleotide addition at the D-J junction. There was also a low level of mutation compared with V(H)1, V(H)3, and V(H)4 rearrangements. The library was expressed as phage-Fab fusions, and specific phage selected by panning on the egg allergen ovomucoid. Upon expression as soluble IgE Fabs, 12 clones demonstrated binding to ovomucoid, skim milk, and BSA by ELISA. Nucleotide sequencing demonstrated that the IGHV6-1 V gene segment encoded each of the 12 multiply reactive IgE Fabs. A cyclic peptide was designed from the complementarity-determining region 3 of several of these clones. The cyclic peptide bound both self and nonself Ags, including ovomucoid, human IgG, tetanus toxoid, and human and bovine von Willebrand factor. These results suggest that some IgE Abs may bind more than one Ag, which would have important implications for understanding the multiple sensitivities seen in conditions such as atopic dermatitis.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Antibody Diversity/genetics
- Antibody Specificity/genetics
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Binding, Competitive/genetics
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Complementarity Determining Regions/analysis
- Complementarity Determining Regions/genetics
- Complementarity Determining Regions/metabolism
- DNA Mutational Analysis
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology
- Female
- Gene Library
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin E/analysis
- Immunoglobulin E/genetics
- Immunoglobulin E/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin J-Chains/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/metabolism
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Nucleotides/metabolism
- Ovomucin/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Analysis, Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Edwards
- School of Microbiology and Immunology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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Eibensteiner P, Spitzauer S, Steinberger P, Kraft D, Valenta R. Immunoglobulin E antibodies of atopic individuals exhibit a broad usage of VH-gene families. Immunology 2000; 101:112-9. [PMID: 11012761 PMCID: PMC2327057 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00078.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The term 'atopy' describes the genetically determined tendency to mount immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody responses against per se harmless antigens (allergens). In this study we investigated the usage of VH families in the formation of IgE antibodies in 10 patients suffering from mucosal and/or skin manifestations of atopy. IgE antibody reactivities to exogenous allergen sources as well as to autoallergens were determined and, by immunoabsorption, it was demonstrated that allergen-specific IgE accounted for most of the total serum IgE levels in these patients. Using primers with specificity for the VH1-6 gene families and a primer specific for the first constant region of human IgE, cDNAs coding for IgE heavy chain fragments were amplified using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from peripheral blood lymphocytes of the 10 atopic individuals. Hybridization of the heavy chain-encoding cDNAs with an IgE-specific internal oligonucleotide probe revealed a broad usage of all VH-gene families in the atopic individuals. The spectrum of VH families used in a given atopic individual was neither associated with the type or severity of clinical symptoms nor with the number of allergens recognized. The fact that allergen-specific IgE antibodies in atopic individuals originate from a broad variety of B cells thus reflects the activation of multiple B-cell clones during allergen sensitization. This finding should be borne in mind if therapeutic strategies for Type I allergy are considered that aim at a clonal elimination of allergen-specific B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Eibensteiner
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, University of Vienna, Vienna General Hospital, Austria
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Golembowski S, Gellrich S, von Zimmermann M, Rutz S, Lippert S, Audring H, Lorenz P, Sterry W, Jahn S. Clonal evolution in a primary cutaneous follicle center B cell lymphoma revealed by single cell analysis in sequential biopsies. Immunobiology 2000; 201:631-44. [PMID: 10834319 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(00)80080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
B cell neoplasias descending from germinal center cells harbor the hallmark of intraclonal diversity resulting from ongoing mutation in the variable parts of their immunoglobulin-encoding genes. To characterize a primary cutaneous follicle center B cell lymphoma in more detail, we analyzed the respective VH and VL genes in single cells mobilized from four sequential biopsies, three taken from the skin and one obtained after internal dissemination from a retrobulbar infiltrate. The lymphoma cells were found to contain V5-51/D6-12/JH5b (heavy chain) and A27/Jkappa2 (light chain) gene rearrangements detected on both the genomic and the transcriptional level. To provide an accurate mutation analysis, the specific VH gene counterpart (V5-51UK) was cloned from the patient's germline. Analyzing 226 single cells, we found: (i) complete nucleotide identity when VH and VL genes of lymphoma cells from one particular biopsy were compared among each other; (ii) intraclonal diversity due to ongoing mutation comparing the sequences obtained from sequential biopsies; (iii) both VH and VL genes to be highly mutated. Deducing from the sequence data, we propose a scenario of the clonal evolution of the B cell tumor in this patient. From the molecular-biological point of view, this primary cutaneous follicle center B cell lymphoma shows the features of a germinal center cell lymphoma. To draw this conclusion from single cell PCR data, however, a sample of sequential biopsies had to be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Golembowski
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty (Charité), Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Gellrich S, Rutz S, Borkowski A, Golembowski S, Gromnica-Ihle E, Sterry W, Jahn S. Analysis of V(H)-D-J(H) gene transcripts in B cells infiltrating the salivary glands and lymph node tissues of patients with Sjögren's syndrome. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1999; 42:240-7. [PMID: 10025917 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199902)42:2<240::aid-anr5>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS), B lymphocytes have been found to infiltrate salivary glands, resulting in sialadenitis and keratoconjunctivitis. The disease is frequently associated with benign and neoplastic lymphoproliferation. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether clonal B cell expansion takes place in lymphocytic infiltrations of salivary glands under (auto- [?]) antigen stimulation, by analyzing in more detail the variable part (V(H)-D-J(H)) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain genes expressed in these B cells. METHODS Biopsies of the labial salivary glands and lymph nodes were performed on 2 female patients with SS. The Ig gene rearrangements in these tissues were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. RESULTS A total of 94 V(H)-D-J(H) transcripts were cloned and sequenced. Our data suggest a polyclonal origin of the B cell infiltrates. In 92 of the transcripts, V(H) genes were modified by somatic mutation. Further analysis showed counterselection for replacement mutations within the framework regions, suggesting that those B cells were stimulated and selected for functional expression of a surface Ig. In labial salivary glands from both patients, clonally related B cells became evident. Members of 1 particular clone were found in both the lip and lymph node material. CONCLUSION These data provide evidence, on the nucleotide sequence level, that an antigen-triggered clonal B cell expansion takes place in the salivary glands of patients with SS who do not have histologic evidence of developing lymphoma. It may be speculated that those B cell clones expand during disease progression, resulting in lymphomagenesis.
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