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Mitchell DR, Sherratt E, Weisbecker V. Facing the facts: adaptive trade-offs along body size ranges determine mammalian craniofacial scaling. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:496-524. [PMID: 38029779 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian cranium (skull without lower jaw) is representative of mammalian diversity and is thus of particular interest to mammalian biologists across disciplines. One widely retrieved pattern accompanying mammalian cranial diversification is referred to as 'craniofacial evolutionary allometry' (CREA). This posits that adults of larger species, in a group of closely related mammals, tend to have relatively longer faces and smaller braincases. However, no process has been officially suggested to explain this pattern, there are many apparent exceptions, and its predictions potentially conflict with well-established biomechanical principles. Understanding the mechanisms behind CREA and causes for deviations from the pattern therefore has tremendous potential to explain allometry and diversification of the mammalian cranium. Here, we propose an amended framework to characterise the CREA pattern more clearly, in that 'longer faces' can arise through several kinds of evolutionary change, including elongation of the rostrum, retraction of the jaw muscles, or a more narrow or shallow skull, which all result in a generalised gracilisation of the facial skeleton with increased size. We define a standardised workflow to test for the presence of the pattern, using allometric shape predictions derived from geometric morphometrics analysis, and apply this to 22 mammalian families including marsupials, rabbits, rodents, bats, carnivores, antelopes, and whales. Our results show that increasing facial gracility with size is common, but not necessarily as ubiquitous as previously suggested. To address the mechanistic basis for this variation, we then review cranial adaptations for harder biting. These dictate that a more gracile cranium in larger species must represent a structural sacrifice in the ability to produce or withstand harder bites, relative to size. This leads us to propose that facial gracilisation in larger species is often a product of bite force allometry and phylogenetic niche conservatism, where more closely related species tend to exhibit more similar feeding ecology and biting behaviours and, therefore, absolute (size-independent) bite force requirements. Since larger species can produce the same absolute bite forces as smaller species with less effort, we propose that relaxed bite force demands can permit facial gracility in response to bone optimisation and alternative selection pressures. Thus, mammalian facial scaling represents an adaptive by-product of the shifting importance of selective pressures occurring with increased size. A reverse pattern of facial 'shortening' can accordingly also be found, and is retrieved in several cases here, where larger species incorporate novel feeding behaviours involving greater bite forces. We discuss multiple exceptions to a bite force-mediated influence on facial proportions across mammals which lead us to argue that ecomorphological specialisation of the cranium is likely to be the primary driver of facial scaling patterns, with some developmental constraints as possible secondary factors. A potential for larger species to have a wider range of cranial functions when less constrained by bite force demands might also explain why selection for larger sizes seems to be prevalent in some mammalian clades. The interplay between adaptation and constraint across size ranges thus presents an interesting consideration for a mechanistically grounded investigation of mammalian cranial allometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rex Mitchell
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
| | - Emma Sherratt
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, 5005, Australia
- South Australian Museum, Adelaide, South Australia, 5000, Australia
| | - Vera Weisbecker
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia, 5001, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Wollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australia
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2
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Haarsma AJ, Jongejans E, Duijm E, van der Graaf C, Lammers Y, Sharma M, Siepel H, Gravendeel B. Female pond bats hunt in other areas than males and consume lighter prey when pregnant. J Mammal 2023; 104:1191-1204. [PMID: 38059006 PMCID: PMC10697422 DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyad096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Animals with large energy requirements are forced to optimize their hunting strategy, which may result in differentiation of the diet between sexes and across seasons. Here, we examined spatiotemporal variation in the diet of both sexes of the Pond Bat Myotis dasycneme, a species known to have spatial segregation of sexes when the young are born and lactating. Fecal pellets were collected from live animals for a period of 15 years at various locations in the Netherlands. A total of 535 pellets were successfully analyzed by microscopy and an additional 160 pellets by DNA metabarcoding. Morphological and molecular analyses showed that the diet of pregnant and lactating pond bats differed significantly from the diet of females with no reproductive investment. Further analyses of the data showed that pregnant female pond bats are highly dependent on small prey and pupae, mainly nonbiting midges and mosquitoes (Diptera: Chironomidae and Culicidae). These insects can be found in large quantities in peatlands intersected with shallow waterways, the habitat type in which female pond bats were observed more often than males. Our results suggest that during pregnancy the spatial segregation of sexes coincides with sex-specific diets, which might reflect habitat selection based on energy requirements, in addition to lowered intraspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Jifke Haarsma
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eelke Jongejans
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Department of Animal Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elza Duijm
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carolien van der Graaf
- Bat Research Consultancy Vroegvlieger, Ellekomstraat 70, 2573 XG Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Lammers
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Milan Sharma
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
- HZ University of Applied Sciences, Life Sciences cluster, Edisonweg 4, 4382 NW Vlissingen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Siepel
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Gravendeel
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Hurtado-Materon MA, Murillo-García OE. An integrative approach to understanding diversity patterns and assemblage rules in Neotropical bats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8891. [PMID: 37263998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35100-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms shaping species composition of assemblages is critical for incorporating ecological and evolutionary perspectives into biodiversity conservation. Thus, we quantified the relative support of community assembly mechanisms by assessing how species richness relates to the functional and phylogenetic biodiversity of Neotropical bat assemblages. We assessed the association of functional diversity for functional categories and phylogenetic diversity with species richness for 20 assemblages of Neotropical bats. In addition, we contrasted functional and phylogenetic diversity against null models to determine the mechanisms that structure the assemblages. We hypothesize functional/phylogenetic overdispersion for high species sites and a positive relationship between those dimensions of diversity and richness. Functional divergence increased with species richness, indicating that the variability in ecological attributes among abundant bats increases as the assemblages contain more species. Taxa were more distantly related as richness increases, but distances among closely related species remained constant. We found a consistent tendency of clustering of functional traits in site assemblages, particularly in abundant species. We proposed competition between clades as a possible mechanism modulating the community structure in Neotropical bat assemblages. Our results suggest that decreasing overlap in functional traits between abundant species could promote coexistence with rare species that can buffer ecosystem function due to species loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- María A Hurtado-Materon
- Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, 760001, Cali, Colombia.
| | - Oscar E Murillo-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología Animal, Departamento de Biología, Universidad del Valle, 760001, Cali, Colombia
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4
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Donihue CM, Herrel A, Taverne M, Foufopoulos J, Pafilis P. The Evolution of Diet and Morphology in Insular Lizards: Insights from a Replicated Island Introduction Experiment. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1788. [PMID: 37889735 PMCID: PMC10251849 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resource-limited environments may drive the rapid evolution of phenotypic traits and ecological preferences optimizing the exploitation of resources. Very small islands are often characterized by reduced food availability, seasonal fluctuations in resources and strong unpredictability. These features may drive the evolution of phenotypic traits such as high bite forces, allowing animals to exploit a wider variety of the available resources. They may also lead to more generalist dietary patterns in response to food scarcity. However, the lack of predators and competitors on such small islands often also leads to high densities and the evolution of strong sexual dimorphism, which may also drive the evolution of bite force. Here, we take advantage of a unique replicated introduction experiment to test whether lizards introduced into very small islands alter their feeding ecology and use different resources, resulting in the evolution of a large body size, large head size and large bite forces. Our results show that three years after their introduction, the island lizards were larger and had greater bite forces and more pronounced sexual dimorphism. However, the diets were only marginally different between animals from the source population on a very large nearby island and those on the islets. Moreover, distinct differences in diet between animals on the different islets were observed, suggesting that the local environment is a strong driver of resource use. Overall, lizards with absolutely and relatively (adjusted for body size) large bite forces did eat larger and harder prey. Taken together, our data suggest that intraspecific competition is an important driver of the rapid evolution of bite force, which may allow these lizards to exploit the scarce and fluctuating resources on the islets. Whether or not lizards will evolve to include other types of food such as plants in their diet, facilitated by their large bite forces, remains to be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Donihue
- Institute at Brown for Environment and Society, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d’Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France; (A.H.); (M.T.)
- Department of Biology, Functional Morphology, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maxime Taverne
- UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d’Anatomie Comparée, 55 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France; (A.H.); (M.T.)
| | - Johannes Foufopoulos
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Panayiotis Pafilis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
- Zoological Museum, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
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5
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Ayala-Berdon J, Martínez Gómez M, Ponce AR, Beamonte-Barrientos R, Vázquez J, Rodriguez-Peña ON. Weather, ultrasonic, cranial and body traits predict insect diet hardness in a Central Mexican bat community. MAMMAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-023-00678-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInsectivorous bats exhibit food preferences for specific attributes in their prey. Hardness has been defined as an important prey attribute, and in some cases a limiting factor in foraging decisions for smaller compared to larger bat species. The goal of this study was to identify which factors influence the selection of prey hardness in a vespertilionid bat community. We investigated food consumed by bats by analyzing fecal samples obtained from eight bat species coexisting in a mountain ecosystem of central Mexico and correlate non-phylogenetically and phylogenetically prey hardness to weather, bat´s body, cranial and ultrasonic call structure variables. Results showed that diet of vespertilionid bats was mainly represented by Diptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera and Coleoptera consumption. The qualitative prey hardness index (From soft 1 to hard 5) ranked bats as: Myotis melanorhinus, Corynorhinus mexicanus, Myotis volans, Myotis californicus (< 3); Myotis velifer (< 4); Eptesicus fuscus, Idionycteris phyllotis and Myotis thysanodes (> 4.2). Prey hardness was positively correlated to minimum and mean temperatures, bat´s body weight, total and forearm lengths, cranial variables as: zygomatic breadth, mandibular length, height of the coronoid process, lower molar width, C-M3 superior and inferior rows length and upper molar width; and negatively to ultrasonic variables as total slope, call duration, low and high frequencies, band width and frequency maximum power. Considering phylogenies, prey hardness positively correlated to mandibular length, C-M3 inferior and superior rows lengths (p < 0.05). Our results showed that environmental, morphological and echolocation variables can be used as predictors of preferred insect prey in a community of vespertilionid bats.
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6
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Stevens RD, Guest EE. Wings of fringed fruit-eating bats ( Artibeus fimbriatus) are highly integrated biological aerofoils from perspectives of secondary sexual dimorphism, allometry and modularity. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phenotypic variability is ubiquitous. This is especially true in bats, where families such as Phyllostomidae encompass as much phenotypic variability as some entire orders of mammals. Typically, phenotypic variability is characterized based on cranial morphology, with studies of other functionally important aspects of the phenotype, such as legs, feet and wings, being less frequent. We examined patterns of secondary sexual dimorphism and allometry of wing elements of the fringed fruit-eating bat (Artibeus fimbriatus) and examined, for the first time, the modularity of bat wings. Patterns were based on 13 wing measurements taken from 21 females and 15 males from eastern Paraguay. From a multivariate perspective, A. fimbriatus exhibited significant secondary sexual dimorphism. Females were larger than males for all 13 wing characteristics, with significant differences involving the last phalanx of the fourth and fifth digits. Female wings were also relatively larger than male wings from a multivariate perspective, as was the last phalanx of the fourth and fifth digits, after adjusting for wing size based on forearm length. Wing elements were highly variable regarding allometric relationships, with some exhibiting no allometric patterns and others exhibiting isometry or hyperallometry, depending on the element. Wings exhibited significant modularity, with metacarpals, proximal phalanges and distal phalanges each representing a discrete module. The wings of A. fimbriatus exhibit substantive patterns of dimorphism, allometry and modularity. Although the big mother hypothesis is a strong theoretical construct to explain wing dimorphism, there is not yet any sound theoretical basis for the patterns of allometry and modularity of the wing. Further investigation is required to understand the determinants of variation in wing morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79409 , USA
- Natural Science Research Laboratory of the Museum of Texas Tech University , Lubbock, TX 79415 , USA
| | - Emma E Guest
- Bowman Consulting Group , 133 West San Antonio Street #500, San Marcos, TX 78666 , USA
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7
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Dickinson E, Young MW, Granatosky MC. In vivo
bite force in lovebirds (
Agapornis roseicollis
, Psittaciformes) and their relative biting performance among birds. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Dickinson
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury NY USA
| | - M. W. Young
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury NY USA
| | - M. C. Granatosky
- Department of Anatomy, College of Osteopathic Medicine New York Institute of Technology Old Westbury NY USA
- Center for Biomedical Innovation New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine Old Westbury NY USA
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8
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Grider‐Potter N, Rummel A. Dietary influences on head and neck ranges of motion in neotropical bats. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Grider‐Potter
- Cell Systems and Anatomy University of Texas Health San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio TX USA
| | - A. Rummel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton University Princeton NJ USA
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9
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Owen RD, López-González C, González de Weston G. Sharing the Space: Variation in Morphometric, Ecoregional, Migratory and Reproductive Patterns of Three Sympatric Artibeus Species. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2022.24.1.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert D. Owen
- Centro para el Desarrollo de Investigación Científica, 1371 Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Celia López-González
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Durango, Calle Sigma 119, Fraccionamiento 20 de Noviembre II, Durango 34220, Mexico
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10
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Kraus A, Lövy M, Mikula O, Okrouhlík J, Bennett NC, Herrel A, Šumbera R. Bite force in the strictly subterranean rodent family of African mole‐rats (Bathyergidae): the role of digging mode, social organisation, and ecology. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Kraus
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Matěj Lövy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Mikula
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jan Okrouhlík
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
| | - Nigel C. Bennett
- Department of Zoology and Entomology Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria Pretoria South Africa
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant UMR 7179 MECADEV C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Bâtiment d’Anatomie Comparée Paris France
| | - Radim Šumbera
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science University of South Bohemia České Budějovice Czech Republic
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11
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Wray AK, Gratton C, Jusino MA, Wang JJ, Kochanski JM, Palmer JM, Banik MT, Lindner DL, Peery MZ. Disease‐related population declines in bats demonstrate non‐exchangeability in generalist predators. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8978. [PMID: 35784069 PMCID: PMC9170538 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent to which persisting species may fill the functional role of extirpated or declining species has profound implications for the structure of biological communities and ecosystem functioning. In North America, arthropodivorous bats are threatened on a continent‐wide scale by the spread of white‐nose syndrome (WNS), a disease caused by the fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans. We tested whether bat species that display lower mortality from this disease can partially fill the functional role of other bat species experiencing population declines. Specifically, we performed high‐throughput amplicon sequencing of guano from two generalist predators: the little brown bat (Myotis lucifugus) and big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus). We then compared changes in prey consumption before versus after population declines related to WNS. Dietary niches contracted for both species after large and abrupt declines in little brown bats and smaller declines in big brown bats, but interspecific dietary overlap did not change. Furthermore, the incidence and taxonomic richness of agricultural pest taxa detected in diet samples decreased following bat population declines. Our results suggest that persisting generalist predators do not necessarily expand their dietary niches following population declines in other predators, providing further evidence that the functional roles of different generalist predators are ecologically distinct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy K. Wray
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Michelle A. Jusino
- Center for Forest Mycology Research Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Jing Jamie Wang
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Jade M. Kochanski
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
- Department of Integrative Biology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Jonathan M. Palmer
- Center for Forest Mycology Research Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Mark T. Banik
- Center for Forest Mycology Research Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Daniel L. Lindner
- Center for Forest Mycology Research Northern Research Station USDA Forest Service Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - M. Zachariah Peery
- Department of Forest & Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
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12
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Jowers MJ, Simone Y, Herrel A, Cabezas MP, Xavier R, Holden M, Boistel R, Murphy JC, Santin M, Caut S, Auguste RJ, van der Meijden A, Andreone F, Ineich I. The Terrific Skink bite force suggests insularity as a likely driver to exceptional resource use. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4596. [PMID: 35301350 PMCID: PMC8930981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural history museum collections hold extremely rare, extinct species often described from a single known specimen. On occasions, rediscoveries open new opportunities to understand selective forces acting on phenotypic traits. Recent rediscovery of few individuals of Bocourt´s Terrific Skink Phoboscincus bocourti, from a small and remote islet in New Caledonia allowed to genetically identify a species of land crab in its diet. To explore this further, we CT- and MRI-scanned the head of the holotype, the only preserved specimen dated to about 1870, segmented the adductor muscles of the jaw and bones, and estimated bite force through biomechanical models. These data were compared with those gathered for 332 specimens belonging to 44 other skink species. Thereafter we recorded the maximum force needed to generate mechanical failure of the exoskeleton of a crab specimen. The bite force is greater than the prey hardness, suggesting that predation on hard-shelled crabs may be an important driver of performance. The high bite force seems crucial to overcome low or seasonal variations in resource availability in these extreme insular environments. Phoboscincus bocourti appears to be an apex predator in a remote and harsh environment and the only skink known to predate on hard-shelled land crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Jowers
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal. .,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.
| | - Yuri Simone
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, 57 Rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France.,Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Campus Ledeganck, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Gent, Belgium
| | - M Pilar Cabezas
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Xavier
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Magaly Holden
- Centre d'Écologie Fonctionnelle et Évolutive (UMR CNRS 5175), École Pratique des Hautes Études, Biogéographie et Écologie des Vertébrés, Campus CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Renaud Boistel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, 57 Rue Cuvier, Case postale 55, 75231, Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - John C Murphy
- Science and Education, Field Museum, 1400 Lake Shore Dr., Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Mathieu Santin
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Centre for NeuroImaging Research, ICM (Brain and Spine Institute), Sorbonne University, Paris, France.,Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Caut
- ANIMAVEG Conservation, 58 Avenue Allende, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Renoir J Auguste
- Department of Life Science, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Arie van der Meijden
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Franco Andreone
- Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali, Via G. Giolitti, 36, 10123, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivan Ineich
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, CNRS, Université des Antilles, CP 30, 57 Rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
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13
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López-Aguirre C, Hand SJ, Simmons NB, Silcox MT. Untangling the ecological signal in the dental morphology in the bat superfamily Noctilionoidea. J MAMM EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-022-09606-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Saldaña-Vázquez RA, Villalobos F, Hernández-Montero JR, Ferreyra-García D, Molina-Rodríguez JP. Ecoregions Occupied are More Related to Diet Diversity than Body Mass in Artibeina Bats. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2022. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2021.23.2.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Romeo A. Saldaña-Vázquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Medio Ambiente Xabier Gorostiaga S.J., Universidad Iberoamericana Puebla, Blvd. del Niño Poblano 2901, Col. Reserva Territorial Atlixcáyotl, San Andrés Cholula, Puebla, CP 72820, México
| | - Federico Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Sistemática, Genética y Evolución, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, CP 3000, Costa Rica
| | | | - Daniel Ferreyra-García
- Laboratorio de Análisis para la Conservación de la Biodiversidad. Instituto de Investigaciones sobre los Recursos Naturales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Av. San Juanito Itzicuaro s/n, Col. Nueva Esperanza, Morelia, Michoacán, CP
| | - José P. Molina-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Sistemática, Genética y Evolución, Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, Heredia, CP 3000, Costa Rica
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15
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OUP accepted manuscript. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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16
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Takada H, Sato A, Katsuta S. Food habits of two species of tube-nosed bats, Murina hilgendorfi and Murina ussuriensis, in Hayakawa, central Japan. ANIM BIOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1163/15707563-bja10063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Knowledge of food habits is essential for understanding the life history of a species; however, such information about the enigmatic Murina genus of bats is little known. In this study, we examined the food habits of Murina hilgendorfi and Murina ussuriensis over four years in Hayakawa, central Japan, using traditional morphological fecal analysis. Fragments of arthropods of six orders (five identified families), and of five orders (five identified families), were found in the feces of M. hilgendorfi and M. ussuriensis, respectively. Both species consumed wingless arthropods (caterpillars and spiders), insects that rarely fly (ground beetles and bush crickets), or diurnal insects (dragonflies and hoverflies; i.e., that are resting at night) during the night, which is a clear indication of gleaning behavior in these bats. In spring, the large-bodied M. hilgendorfi more frequently consumed hard-bodied insects such as beetles and bush crickets, whereas the small-bodied M. ussuriensis more frequently consumed soft-bodied insects such as caterpillars, moths, spiders, and dipterans, suggesting that the body size difference influences their food habits, which may have contributed to food resource partitioning between these closely related bats. For M. hilgendorfi, beetles were the main prey in spring and autumn, while caterpillars and grasshoppers were more frequently consumed in spring and autumn, respectively, suggesting that they may have changed prey items according to seasonal fluctuations in food availability. To our knowledge, this study provides the first record of differences in the food habits of these two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Takada
- Mount Fuji Research Institute, Yamanashi Prefecture Government, 5597-1, Kenmarubi, Kamiyoshida, Fijiyoshida, Yamanashi 403-0005, Japan
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71, Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Sato
- Almas Co., Ltd., 1269-4, Niibori, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0841, Japan
| | - Setsuko Katsuta
- Almas Co., Ltd., 1269-4, Niibori, Kumagaya, Saitama 360-0841, Japan
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17
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Aguilar-Rodríguez PA, Méndez-Rodríguez A, Ospina-Garcés SM, MacSwiney G. MC, Yovel Y. Free-ranging Van Gelder’s bat Bauerus dubiaquercus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) preying on dung beetles in southern Mexico. MAMMALIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/mammalia-2021-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
We report the first prey species consumed by the free-ranging Van Gelder’s bat Bauerus dubiaquercus. We trapped four pregnant individuals of this species carrying freshly captured dung beetles. We describe the wing morphology and flight descriptors (wing loading and wing aspect ratio) of the species, which presents wings more suitable for capturing insects by aerial hawking, although the evidence suggests that is able to capture dung beetles of nearly 10% of its body mass in flight close to the ground. The species could obtain their prey while foraging on uncluttered pasture near forest edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A. Aguilar-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana , José María Morelos No. 44 y 46. Col. Centro, C.P. 91000 , Xalapa , Veracruz , Mexico
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Tel Aviv University , 6997801 Tel Aviv , Israel
| | - Aline Méndez-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biología , Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa , Avenida San Rafael Atlixco no. 186, Col. Vicentina. Del. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - Sandra M. Ospina-Garcés
- Museo de Zoología “Alfonso L. Herrera”, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Exterior Circuit S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 , Ciudad de México , Mexico
| | - M. Cristina MacSwiney G.
- Centro de Investigaciones Tropicales, Universidad Veracruzana , José María Morelos No. 44 y 46. Col. Centro, C.P. 91000 , Xalapa , Veracruz , Mexico
| | - Yossi Yovel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences , Tel Aviv University , 6997801 Tel Aviv , Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience , Tel Aviv University , 6997801 Tel Aviv , Israel
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18
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Ramírez-Fráncel LA, García-Herrera LV, Losada-Prado S, Reinoso-Flórez G, Lim BK, Sánchez F, Sánchez-Hernández A, Guevara G. Skull Morphology, Bite Force, and Diet in Insectivorous Bats from Tropical Dry Forests in Colombia. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101012. [PMID: 34681111 PMCID: PMC8533215 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In Neotropical bats, studies on bite force have focused mainly on differences in trophic ecology, and little is known about whether factors other than body size generate interspecific differences in bite force amongst insectivorous bats and, consequently, in their diets. We tested if bite force is related to skull morphology and also to diet in an assemblage of Neotropical insectivorous bats from tropical dry forests in the inter-Andean central valley in Colombia. It is predicted that the preference of prey types among insectivorous species is based on bite force and cranial characteristics. We also evaluated whether skull morphology varies depending on the species and sex. Cranial measurements and correlations between morphological variation and bite force were examined for 10 insectivorous bat species. We calculated the size-independent mechanical advantage for the mandibular (jaw) lever system. In all species, bite force increased with length of the skull and the jaw more than other cranial measurements. Obligate insectivorous species were morphologically different from the omnivorous Noctilio albiventris, which feeds primarily on insects, but also consumes fish and fruits. Our results show that bite force and skull morphology are closely linked to diets in Neotropical insectivorous bats and, consequently, these traits are key to the interactions within the assemblage and with their prey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Azucena Ramírez-Fráncel
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia;
- Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Colombia PCMCo, Bogotá 110911, Colombia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +57-321-409-2272
| | - Leidy Viviana García-Herrera
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia;
- Programa para la Conservación de los Murciélagos de Colombia PCMCo, Bogotá 110911, Colombia
| | - Sergio Losada-Prado
- Departamento de Biología & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia; (S.L.-P.); (G.R.-F.); (G.G.)
| | - Gladys Reinoso-Flórez
- Departamento de Biología & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia; (S.L.-P.); (G.R.-F.); (G.G.)
| | - Burton K. Lim
- Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, ON M5S 2C6, Canada;
| | - Francisco Sánchez
- Grupo de Investigación ECOTONOS, Programa de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad de los Llanos, Villavicencio 500002, Colombia;
| | - Alfonso Sánchez-Hernández
- Departamento de Matemáticas y Estadística, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia;
| | - Giovany Guevara
- Departamento de Biología & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Tolima, Altos de Santa Elena, Ibagué 730006, Colombia; (S.L.-P.); (G.R.-F.); (G.G.)
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19
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García‐Herrera LV, Ramírez‐Fráncel LA, Guevara G, Reinoso‐Flórez G, Sánchez‐Hernández A, Lim BK, Losada‐Prado S. Foraging strategies, craniodental traits, and interaction in the bite force of Neotropical frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). Ecol Evol 2021; 11:13756-13772. [PMID: 34707815 PMCID: PMC8525122 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Bats in the family Phyllostomidae exhibit great diversity in skull size and morphology that reflects the degree of resource division and ecological overlap in the group. In particular, the subfamily Stenodermatinae has high morphological diversification associated with cranial and mandibular traits that are associated with the ability to consume the full range of available fruits (soft and hard).We analyzed craniodental traits and their relationship to the bite force in 343 specimens distributed in seven species of stenodermatine bats with two foraging strategies: nomadic and sedentary frugivory. We evaluated 19 traits related to feeding and bite force in live animals by correcting bite force with body size.We used a generalized linear model (GLM) and post hoc tests to determine possible relationships and differences between cranial traits, species, and sex. We also used Blomberg's K to measure the phylogenetic signal and phylogenetic generalized least-squares (PGLS) to ensure the phylogenetic independence of the traits.We found that smaller nomadic species, A. anderseni and A. phaeotis , have a similar bite force to the large species A. planirostris and A. lituratus; furthermore, P. helleri registered a bite force similar to that of the sedentary bat, S. giannae. Our study determined that all the features of the mandible and most of the traits of the skull have a low phylogenetic signal. Through the PGLS, we found that the diet and several cranial features (mandibular toothrow length, dentary length, braincase breadth, mastoid breadth, greatest length of skull, condylo-incisive length, and condylo-canine length) determined bite force performance among Stenodermatiane.Our results reinforce that skull size is a determining factor in the bite force, but also emphasize the importance of its relationships with morphology, ecology, and phylogeny of the species, which gives us a better understanding of the evolutionary adaptions of this highly diverse Neotropical bat group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leidy Viviana García‐Herrera
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia
| | - Leidy Azucena Ramírez‐Fráncel
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia
| | - Giovany Guevara
- Departamento de Biología & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia
| | - Gladys Reinoso‐Flórez
- Departamento de Biología & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia
| | | | - Burton K. Lim
- Department of Natural HistoryRoyal Ontario MuseumTorontoONCanada
| | - Sergio Losada‐Prado
- Departamento de Biología & Grupo de Investigación en Zoología (GIZ)Facultad de CienciasUniversidad del TolimaIbaguéColombia
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20
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Stevens RD. Dietary affinities, resource overlap and core structure in Atlantic Forest phyllostomid bat communities. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Stevens
- Department of Natural Resources Management and Natural Science Research Laboratory of the Museum Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas79409USA
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21
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Diet and resource partitioning in Patagonian bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae and Molossidae). MAMMAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-021-00574-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Alurralde SG, Díaz M. Diet of arthropodophagous bats (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Northwestern Argentina. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190549. [PMID: 34133530 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diet of arthropodophagous bats can be influenced by several factors. Furthermore, its study is critical for understanding their role in the ecosystem as regulators of arthropod abundance. The aim of this study was to analyze the diet of 12 species beloging to two families of arthropodophagous bats from the Yungas Forests, Northwestern Argentina. We also evaluated differences in diet between well-preserved and disturbed sites, sexes, and seasons. The specimens were collected with mist nets in eight different localities, four well-preserved and four disturbed sites of the Yungas Forests. Through the analysis of feces, arthropod remains were identified until the lowest possible taxonomic level. Volume and frequency of occurrence percentages for each food item and the niche breadth for the species were estimated. A total of 475 samples from 12 species were analyzed and their diet contained arthropods from eight orders and seven families; the highest number of consumed arthropod orders were registered for Eptesicus diminutus. A low niche breadth was recorded in general for all species. The diet was significantly influenced by season and site characteristics only in E. diminutus and E. furinalis, respectively. This showed that bats could modify its diet according to the different habitats and seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Gamboa Alurralde
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA), Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mónica Díaz
- Programa de Investigaciones de Biodiversidad Argentina (PIDBA), Programa de Conservación de los Murciélagos de Argentina (PCMA), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Miguel Lillo 205, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina.,Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo, 251, 4000 Tucumán, Argentina
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23
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Cruz FB, Moreno Azocar DL, Vanhooydonck B, Schulte JA, Abdala CS, Herrel A. Drivers and patterns of bite force evolution in liolaemid lizards. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Phenotypic variation is the result of selection on traits that are relevant in a given ecological context. Phylogenetic history, genetic drift, and any developmental or structural constraints may, however, limit variation in trait expression. It has been proposed that organismal performance traits take up a pivotal role in driving variation in morphology due to their central role in survival and reproductive success. However, how strong the links are between morphology and performance, and how the strength of this relationship impacts the rate of evolution of form and function need to be studied across a wider variety of systems to better understand the origin and evolution of biodiversity. Here we used data on the jaw system (muscle architecture and head dimensions) of liolaemid lizards to investigate the drivers of in vivo bite force variation and test for differences in evolutionary rates in morphology and performance. Our results show high rates of evolution for performance traits compared to morphological traits such as external head dimensions. Many-to-one mapping of morphology to performance, that is the possibility that different anatomical trait combinations lead to similar levels of performance, appears to be common in the jaw system of these lizards. Finally, traits showing greater mechanical sensitivity (muscle cross-sectional areas) showed higher rates of evolution compared to traits involved in other functions and that are probably subject to trade-offs (e.g. head width).
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix B Cruz
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Débora Lina Moreno Azocar
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente (INIBIOMA) CONICET-UNCOMA, Quintral, Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Bieke Vanhooydonck
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen,Belgium
| | - James A Schulte
- Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Cristian S Abdala
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL)- CONICET and Facultad de Cs. Naturales e IML, UNT. Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Antwerpen,Belgium
- UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Bâtiment d’Anatomie Comparée, Paris, France
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24
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Giacomini G, Herrel A, Chaverri G, Brown RP, Russo D, Scaravelli D, Meloro C. Functional correlates of skull shape in Chiroptera: feeding and echolocation adaptations. Integr Zool 2021; 17:430-442. [PMID: 34047457 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Morphological, functional, and behavioral adaptations of bats are among the most diverse within mammals. A strong association between bat skull morphology and feeding behavior has been suggested previously. However, morphological variation related to other drivers of adaptation, in particular echolocation, remains understudied. We assessed variation in skull morphology with respect to ecology (diet and emission type) and function (bite force, masticatory muscles and echolocation characteristics) using geometric morphometrics and comparative methods. Our study suggests that variation in skull shape of 10 bat families is the result of adaptations to broad dietary categories and sound emission types (oral or nasal). Skull shape correlates with echolocation parameters only in a subsample of insectivorous species, possibly because they (almost) entirely rely on this sensory system for locating and capturing prey. Insectivores emitting low frequencies are characterized by a ventrally tilted rostrum, a trait not associated with feeding parameters. This result questions the validity of a trade-off between feeding and echolocation function. Our study advances understanding of the relationship between skull morphology and specific features of echolocation and suggests that evolutionary constraints due to echolocation may differ between different groups within the Chiroptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Giacomini
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de Paris, C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France
| | - Gloriana Chaverri
- Recinto de Golfito, Universidad de Costa Rica, Golfito, Costa Rica.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Ancón, República de Panamá
| | - Richard P Brown
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit, Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Portici, Italy.,School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Dino Scaravelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Meloro
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, UK
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25
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Tse YT, Calede JJM. Quantifying the link between craniodental morphology and diet in the Soricidae using geometric morphometrics. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Dietary adaptations have often been associated with heightened taxonomic diversity. Yet, one of the most species-rich mammalian families, the Soricidae, is often considered to be ecologically and morphologically relatively homogenous. Here, we use geometric morphometrics to capture skull and dentary morphology in a broad sample of shrew species and test the hypothesis that morphological variation among shrew species reflects adaptations to food hardness. Our analyses demonstrate that morphology is associated with dietary ecology. Species that consume hard food items are larger and have specific morphological adaptions including an anteroposteriorly expanded parietal, an anteroposteriorly short and dorsoventrally tall rostrum, a mediolaterally wide palate, buccolingually wide cheek teeth, a large coronoid process and a dorsoventrally short jaw joint. The masseter muscle does not appear to play an important role in the strong bite force of shrews and the dentary is a better indicator of ecology than the skull. Our phylogenetic flexible discriminant function analysis suggests that the evolutionary history of shrews has shaped their morphology, canalizing dietary adaptations and enabling functional equivalence whereby different morphologies achieve similar dietary performances. Our work makes possible future studies of niche partitioning among sympatric species as well as the investigation of the diet of extinct soricids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Ting Tse
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan J M Calede
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, OH, USA
- The Ohio State University at Marion, Marion, Ohio, OH, USA
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26
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Bestwick J, Unwin DM, Henderson DM, Purnell MA. Dental microwear texture analysis along reptile tooth rows: complex variation with non-dietary variables. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2021; 8:201754. [PMID: 33972864 PMCID: PMC8074666 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) is a powerful technique for reconstructing the diets of extant and extinct taxa. Few studies have investigated intraspecific microwear differences along with tooth rows and the influence of endogenous non-dietary variables on texture characteristics. Sampling teeth that are minimally affected by non-dietary variables is vital for robust dietary reconstructions, especially for taxa with non-occlusal (non-chewing) dentitions as no standardized sampling strategies currently exist. Here, we apply DMTA to 13 species of extant reptile (crocodilians and monitor lizards) to investigate intraspecific microwear differences along with tooth rows and to explore the influence of three non-dietary variables on exhibited differences: (i) tooth position, (ii) mechanical advantage, and (iii) tooth aspect ratio. Five species exhibited intraspecific microwear differences. In several crocodilians, the distally positioned teeth exhibited the 'roughest' textures, and texture characteristics correlated with all non-dietary variables. By contrast, the mesial teeth of the roughneck monitor (Varanus rudicollis) exhibited the 'roughest' textures, and texture characteristics did not correlate with aspect ratio. These results are somewhat consistent with how reptiles preferentially use their teeth during feeding. We argue that DMTA has the potential to track mechanical and behavioural differences in tooth use which should be taken into consideration in future dietary reconstructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Bestwick
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Centre for Palaeobiology Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - David M. Unwin
- Centre for Palaeobiology Research, School of Museum Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RF, UK
| | | | - Mark A. Purnell
- Centre for Palaeobiology Research, School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
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27
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Igbokwe CO, Bello UM, Mbajiorgu FE. Anatomical and surface ultrastructural investigation of the tongue in the straw-coloured fruit bat (Eidolon helvum, Kerr 1972). Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 50:448-458. [PMID: 33350508 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The morphology of tongue in straw-coloured fruit bat from tropical forests was evaluated in relation to frugivorous diets and in comparison with other species that consumes other food types. Gross, stereomicroscopy, scanning electron microscope and histological methods were used. The tongue was relatively long with round tip, which closely fitted into oral cavity. Five types of mechanical papillae included crown-like and trifid filiform papillae. Also bulky, cone-shaped papillae and long conical papillae were identified. These mechanical types also showed variations in shape, size and number of processes of papillae. Transitional forms of these mechanical papillae were present. Fungiform papillae with taste pores were interposed amongst filiform types in apex and body; three ovoid-shaped vallate papillae were in triangular arrangement on root and displayed taste pores. Some bulky, cone-shaped papillae surrounded the vallate papillae. Histologically, mechanical filiform types showed highly keratinized stratified squamous epithelium and dense connective tissue core with secondary papillae. Taste buds appeared in fungiform and vallate papillae. Neutral and acidic secretions were identified in lingual glands of root. The presence of prominent filamentous processes of filiform papillae and conical papillae of the tongue in conjunction with gustatory papillae ensures adaptation to copious fruit diets. The gross morphometric and histometric parameters of the tongue did not differ remarkably from previous values obtained for some fruit bats with comparable weight. This investigation showed similarities with fruit bats such as large flying fox and Egyptian fruit bat and reflect common diet and feeding habits but varied from insectivorous and nectivorous bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casmir Onwuaso Igbokwe
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka & Histology division, Faculty of health Sciences, University of Witswatersrand, Nsukka, Nigeria.,Histology Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Umar Muhammed Bello
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello Univ, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Felix Ejikeme Mbajiorgu
- Histology Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Duya MRM, Heaney LR, Fernando ES, Ong PS. Fruit Bat Assemblage in Different Lowland Forest Types in the Northern Sierra Madre Mountains, Philippines. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.1.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Roy M. Duya
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1104, Philippines
| | - Lawrence R. Heaney
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1104, Philippines
| | - Edwino S. Fernando
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1104, Philippines
| | - Perry S. Ong
- Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, 1104, Philippines
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29
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Taverne M, King-Gillies N, Krajnović M, Lisičić D, Mira Ó, Petricioli D, Sabolić I, Štambuk A, Tadić Z, Vigliotti C, Wehrle B, Herrel A. Proximate and ultimate drivers of variation in bite force in the insular lizards Podarcis melisellensis and Podarcis sicula. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Bite force is a key performance trait in lizards because biting is involved in many ecologically relevant tasks, including foraging, fighting and mating. Several factors have been suggested to impact bite force in lizards, such as head morphology (proximate factors), or diet, intraspecific competition and habitat characteristics (ultimate factors). However, these have been generally investigated separately and mostly at the interspecific level. Here we tested which factors drive variation in bite force at the population level and to what extent. Our study includes 20 populations of two closely related lacertid species, Podarcis melisellensis and Podarcis sicula, which inhabit islands in the Adriatic. We found that lizards with more forceful bites have relatively wider and taller heads, and consume more hard prey and plant material. Island isolation correlates with bite force, probably by driving resource availability. Bite force is only poorly explained by proxies of intraspecific competition. The linear distance from a large island and the proportion of difficult-to-reduce food items consumed are the ultimate factors that explain most of the variation in bite force. Our findings suggest that the way in which morphological variation affects bite force is species-specific, probably reflecting the different selective pressures operating on the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Taverne
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Nina King-Gillies
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Maria Krajnović
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Duje Lisičić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Óscar Mira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Donat Petricioli
- D.I.I.V. Ltd, for Marine, Freshwater and Subterranean Ecology, Sali, Croatia
| | - Iva Sabolić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Tadić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Chloé Vigliotti
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Beck Wehrle
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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30
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Zuercher ME, Monson TA, Dvoretzky RR, Ravindramurthy S, Hlusko LJ. Dental Variation in Megabats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): Tooth Metrics Correlate with Body Size and Tooth Proportions Reflect Phylogeny. J MAMM EVOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-020-09508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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31
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Echolocation of Central Amazonian ‘whispering’ phyllostomid bats: call design and interspecific variation. MAMMAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-020-00503-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPhyllostomids (New World leaf-nosed bats) are the ecologically most diverse bat family and have undergone the most extensive adaptive radiation of any mammalian family. However comprehensive, multi-species studies regarding phyllostomid echolocation are scarce in the literature despite abundant ecological research. In this study, we describe the call structure and interspecific variation in call design of 40 sympatric phyllostomid species from the Central Brazilian Amazon, focussing on general patterns within genera, subfamilies and between feeding guilds. All but one species utilized short, broadband FM calls consisting of multiple harmonics. As reported for other bat families, peak frequency was negatively correlated with body mass and forearm length. Twenty-five species alternated the harmonic of maximum energy, principally between the second and third harmonic. Based on PCA, we were unable to detect any significant differences in echolocation call parameters between genera, subfamilies or different feeding guilds, confirming that acoustic surveys cannot be used to reliably monitor these species. We present Ametrida centurio as an exception to this generalized phyllostomid structure, as it is unique in producing a mono-harmonic call. Finally, we discuss several hypotheses regarding the evolutionary pressures influencing phyllostomid call structure.
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Abstract
Abstract
Trade-offs are thought to be important in constraining evolutionary divergence as they may limit phenotypic diversification. The cranial system plays a vital role in many functions including defensive, territorial, predatory and feeding behaviours in addition to housing the brain and sensory systems. Consequently, the morphology of the cranial system is affected by a combination of selective pressures that may induce functional trade-offs. Limbless, head-first burrowers are thought to be constrained in their cranial morphology as narrow heads may provide a functional advantage for burrowing. However, having a wide and large head is likely beneficial in terms of bite performance. We used 15 skink species to test for the existence of trade-offs between maximal push and bite forces, and explored the patterns of covariation between external head and body morphology and performance. Our data show that there is no evidence of a trade-off between bite and burrowing in terms of maximal force. Species that generate high push forces also generate high bite forces. Our data also show that overall head size covaries with both performance traits. However, future studies exploring trade-offs between force and speed or the energetic cost of burrowing may reveal other trade-offs.
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33
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Shi B, Wang Y, Gong L, Chang Y, Liu T, Zhao X, Lin A, Feng J, Jiang T. Correlation of skull morphology and bite force in a bird-eating bat ( Ia io; Vespertilionidae). Front Zool 2020; 17:8. [PMID: 32206076 PMCID: PMC7082990 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-020-00354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Genetic and ecological factors influence morphology, and morphology is compatible with function. The morphology and bite performance of skulls of bats show a number of characteristic feeding adaptations. The great evening bat, Ia io (Thomas, 1902), eats both insects and birds (Thabah et al. J Mammal 88: 728-735, 2007), and as such, it is considered to represent a case of dietary niche expansion from insects to birds. How the skull morphology or bite force in I. io are related to the expanded diet (that is, birds) remains unknown. We used three-dimensional (3D) geometry of the skulls and measurements of bite force and diets from I. io and 13 other species of sympatric or closely related bat species to investigate the characteristics and the correlation of skull morphology and bite force to diets. Results Significant differences in skull morphology and bite force among species and diets were observed in this study. Similar to the carnivorous bats, bird-eaters (I. io) differed significantly from insectivorous bats; I. io had a larger skull size, taller crania, wider zygomatic arches, shorter but robust mandibles, and larger bite force than the insectivores. The skull morphology of bats was significantly associated with bite force whether controlling for phylogeny or not, but no significant correlations were found between diets and the skulls, or between diets and residual bite force, after controlling for phylogeny. Conclusions These results indicated that skull morphology was independent of diet, and phylogeny had a greater impact on skull morphology than diet in these species. The changes in skull size and morphology have led to variation in bite force, and finally different bat species feeding on different foods. In conclusion, I. io has a larger skull size, robust mandibles, shortened dentitions, longer coronoid processes, expanded angular processes, low condyles, and taller cranial sagittal crests, and wider zygomatic arches that provide this species with mechanical advantages; their greater bite force may help them use larger and hard-bodied birds as a dietary component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biye Shi
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yuze Wang
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Lixin Gong
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yang Chang
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Tong Liu
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Aiqing Lin
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Jiang Feng
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,3College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, 2888 Xincheng Street, Changchun, 130118 China
| | - Tinglei Jiang
- 1Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China.,2Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology of Education Ministry, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, 2555 Jingyue Street, Changchun, 130117 China
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Salinas‐Ramos VB, Ancillotto L, Bosso L, Sánchez‐Cordero V, Russo D. Interspecific competition in bats: state of knowledge and research challenges. Mamm Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria B. Salinas‐Ramos
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Leonardo Ancillotto
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Luciano Bosso
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
| | - Víctor Sánchez‐Cordero
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica Departamento de Zoología Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad 04510 Ciudad de México México
| | - Danilo Russo
- Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di Agraria Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II via Università 100 80055 Portici Napoli Italy
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35
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Gnocchi AP, Huber S, Srbek-Araujo AC. Diet in a bat assemblage in Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Trop Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42965-019-00042-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Taverne M, Fabre A, King‐Gillies N, Krajnović M, Lisičić D, Martin L, Michal L, Petricioli D, Štambuk A, Tadić Z, Vigliotti C, Wehrle BA, Herrel A. Diet variability among insular populations of Podarcis lizards reveals diverse strategies to face resource-limited environments. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:12408-12420. [PMID: 31788186 PMCID: PMC6875570 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Access to resources is a dynamic and multicausal process that determines the success and survival of a population. It is therefore often challenging to disentangle the factors affecting ecological traits like diet. Insular habitats provide a good opportunity to study how variation in diet originates, in particular in populations of mesopredators such as lizards. Indeed, high levels of population density associated with low food abundance and low predation are selection pressures typically observed on islands. In the present study, the diet of eighteen insular populations of two closely related species of lacertid lizards (Podarcis sicula and Podarcis melisellensis) was assessed. Our results reveal that despite dietary variability among populations, diet taxonomic diversity is not impacted by island area. In contrast, however, diet disparity metrics, based on the variability in the physical (hardness) and behavioral (evasiveness) properties of ingested food items, are correlated with island size. These findings suggest that an increase in intraspecific competition for access to resources may induce shifts in functional components of the diet. Additionally, the two species differed in the relation between diet disparity and island area suggesting that different strategies exist to deal with low food abundance in these two species. Finally, sexual dimorphism in diet and head dimensions is not greater on smaller islands, in contrast to our predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Taverne
- UMR 7179Département Adaptations du VivantMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
| | | | - Nina King‐Gillies
- UMR 7179Département Adaptations du VivantMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
| | - Maria Krajnović
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Duje Lisičić
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Louise Martin
- UMR 7179Département Adaptations du VivantMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
| | - Leslie Michal
- UMR 7179Département Adaptations du VivantMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
| | - Donat Petricioli
- D.I.I.V. Ltd. for Marine, Freshwater and Subterranean EcologySaliCroatia
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Zoran Tadić
- Department of BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Chloé Vigliotti
- UMR 7179Département Adaptations du VivantMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
| | - Beck A. Wehrle
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaIrvineCAUSA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179Département Adaptations du VivantMuséum National d'Histoire NaturelleCentre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueParisFrance
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Oelbaum PJ, Fenton MB, Simmons NB, Broders HG. Community structure of a Neotropical bat fauna as revealed by stable isotope analysis: Not all species fit neatly into predicted guilds. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Brock Fenton
- Department of Biology University of Western Ontario London ON Canada
| | - Nancy B. Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy Division of Vertebrate Zoology American Museum of Natural History New York NY USA
| | - Hugh G. Broders
- Department of Biology University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada
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38
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Bestwick J, Unwin DM, Purnell MA. Dietary differences in archosaur and lepidosaur reptiles revealed by dental microwear textural analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11691. [PMID: 31406164 PMCID: PMC6690991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48154-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reptiles are key components of modern ecosystems, yet for many species detailed characterisations of their diets are lacking. Data currently used in dietary reconstructions are limited either to the last few meals or to proxy records of average diet over temporal scales of months to years, providing only coarse indications of trophic level(s). Proxies that record information over weeks to months would allow more accurate reconstructions of reptile diets and better predictions of how ecosystems might respond to global change drivers. Here, we apply dental microwear textural analysis (DMTA) to dietary guilds encompassing both archosaurian and lepidosaurian reptiles, demonstrating its value as a tool for characterising diets over temporal scales of weeks to months. DMTA, involving analysis of the three-dimensional, sub-micrometre scale textures created on tooth surfaces by interactions with food, reveals that the teeth of reptiles with diets dominated by invertebrates, particularly invertebrates with hard exoskeletons (e.g. beetles and snails), exhibit rougher microwear textures than reptiles with vertebrate-dominated diets. Teeth of fish-feeding reptiles exhibit the smoothest textures of all guilds. These results demonstrate the efficacy of DMTA as a dietary proxy in taxa from across the phylogenetic range of extant reptiles. This method is applicable to extant taxa (living or museum specimens) and extinct reptiles, providing new insights into past, present and future ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Bestwick
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
| | - David M Unwin
- School of Museum Studies, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RF, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Purnell
- School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom.
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39
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Camacho J, Heyde A, Bhullar BAS, Haelewaters D, Simmons NB, Abzhanov A. Peramorphosis, an evolutionary developmental mechanism in neotropical bat skull diversity. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:1129-1143. [PMID: 31348570 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) are an ecologically diverse group of mammals with distinctive morphological adaptations associated with specialized modes of feeding. The dramatic skull shape changes between related species result from changes in the craniofacial development process, which brings into focus the nature of the underlying evolutionary developmental processes. RESULTS In this study, we use three-dimensional geometric morphometrics to describe, quantify, and compare morphological modifications unfolding during evolution and development of phyllostomid bats. We examine how changes in development of the cranium may contribute to the evolution of the bat craniofacial skeleton. Comparisons of ontogenetic trajectories to evolutionary trajectories reveal two separate evolutionary developmental growth processes contributing to modifications in skull morphogenesis: acceleration and hypermorphosis. CONCLUSION These findings are consistent with a role for peramorphosis, a form of heterochrony, in the evolution of bat dietary specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Camacho
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Alexander Heyde
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bhart-Anjan S Bhullar
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Danny Haelewaters
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Nancy B Simmons
- Department of Mammalogy, Division of Vertebrate Zoology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York
| | - Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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40
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Schmelzle S, Blüthgen N. Under pressure: force resistance measurements in box mites (Actinotrichida, Oribatida). Front Zool 2019; 16:24. [PMID: 31312228 PMCID: PMC6611053 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-019-0325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanical defenses are very common and diverse in prey species, for example in oribatid mites. Here, the probably most complex form of morphological defense is known as ptychoidy, that enables the animals to completely retract the appendages into a secondary cavity and encapsulate themselves. The two groups of ptychoid mites constituting the Ptyctima, i.e. Euphthiracaroidea and Phthiracaroidea, have a hardened cuticle and are well protected against similar sized predators. Euphthiracaroidea additionally feature predator-repelling secretions. Since both taxa evolved within the glandulate group of Oribatida, the question remains why Phthiracaroidea lost this additional protection. In earlier predation bioassays, chemically disarmed specimens of Euphthiracaroidea were cracked by the staphylinid beetle Othius punctulatus, whereas equally sized specimens of Phthiracaroidea survived. We thus hypothesized that Phthiracaroidea can withstand significantly more force than Euphthiracaroidea and that the specific body form in each group is key in understanding the loss of chemical defense in Phthiracaroidea. To measure force resistance, we adapted the principle of machines applying compressive forces for very small animals and tested the two ptyctimous taxa as well as the soft-bodied mite Archegozetes longisetosus. Results Some Phthiracaroidea individuals sustained about 560,000 times their body weight. Their mean resistance was about three times higher, and their mean breaking point in relation to body weight nearly two times higher than Euphthiracaroidea individuals. The breaking point increased with body weight and differed significantly between the two taxa. Across taxa, the absolute force resistance increased sublinearly (with a 0.781 power term) with the animal's body weight. Force resistance of A. longisetosus was inferior in all tests (about half that of Euphthiracaroidea after accounting for body weight). As an important determinant of mechanical resistance in ptychoid mites, the individuals' cuticle thickness increased sublinearly with body diameter and body mass as well and did not differ significantly between the taxa. Conclusion We showed the feasibility of the force resistance measurement method, and our results were consistent with the hypothesis that Phthiracaroidea compensated its lack of chemical secretions by a heavier mechanical resistance based on a different body form and associated build-up of hemolymph pressure (defensive trade-off).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schmelzle
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Nico Blüthgen
- Department of Biology, Ecological Networks, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schnittspahnstr. 3, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Huby A, Lowie A, Herrel A, Vigouroux R, Frédérich B, Raick X, Kurchevski G, Godinho AL, Parmentier E. Functional diversity in biters: the evolutionary morphology of the oral jaw system in pacus, piranhas and relatives (Teleostei: Serrasalmidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Serrasalmid fishes form a highly specialized group of biters that show a large trophic diversity, ranging from pacus able to crush seeds to piranhas capable of cutting flesh. Their oral jaw system has been hypothesized to be forceful, but variation in bite performance and morphology with respect to diet has not previously been investigated. We tested whether herbivorous species have higher bite forces, larger jaw muscles and more robust jaws than carnivorous species. We measured in vivo and theoretical bite forces in 27 serrasalmid species. We compared the size of the adductor mandibulae muscle, the jaw mechanical advantages, the type of jaw occlusion, and the size and shape of the lower jaw. We also examined the association between bite performance and functional morphological traits of the oral jaw system. Contrary to our predictions, carnivorous piranhas deliver stronger bites than their herbivorous counterparts. The size of the adductor mandibulae muscle varies with bite force and muscles are larger in carnivorous species. Our study highlights an underestimated level of functional morphological diversity in a fish group of exclusive biters. We provide evidence that the trophic specialization towards carnivory in piranhas results from changes in the configuration of the adductor mandibulae muscle and the lower jaw shape, which have major effects on bite performance and bite strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Huby
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Lowie
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR7179 MNHN/CNRS, National Museum of Natural History, Paris, France
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Régis Vigouroux
- HYDRECO GUYANE, Laboratory Environment of Petit Saut, Kourou, French Guiana
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Xavier Raick
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gregório Kurchevski
- Fish Passage Center, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Gamboa Alurralde S, Díaz MM. Feeding habits of four species of Myotis (Mammalia, Chiroptera) from Argentina. MAMMAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-019-00431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Zeppelini CG, Azeredo LMM, Lopez LCS. Bats like dimmer lights: lunar phobia as a luminosity threshold phenomenon on Neotropical bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera). Acta Ethol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-019-00314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Adams NF, Rayfield EJ, Cox PG, Cobb SN, Corfe IJ. Functional tests of the competitive exclusion hypothesis for multituberculate extinction. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181536. [PMID: 31032010 PMCID: PMC6458384 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Multituberculate mammals thrived during the Mesozoic, but their diversity declined from the mid-late Paleocene onwards, becoming extinct in the late Eocene. The radiation of superficially similar, eutherian rodents has been linked to multituberculate extinction through competitive exclusion. However, characteristics providing rodents with a supposed competitive advantage are currently unknown and comparative functional tests between the two groups are lacking. Here, a multifaceted approach to craniomandibular biomechanics was taken to test the hypothesis that superior skull function made rodents more effective competitors. Digital models of the skulls of four extant rodents and the Upper Cretaceous multituberculate Kryptobaatar were constructed and used (i) in finite-element analysis to study feeding-induced stresses, (ii) to calculate metrics of bite force production and (iii) to determine mechanical resistances to bending and torsional forces. Rodents exhibit higher craniomandibular stresses and lower resistances to bending and torsion than the multituberculate, apparently refuting the competitive exclusion hypothesis. However, rodents optimize bite force production at the expense of higher skull stress and we argue that this is likely to have been more functionally and selectively important. Our results therefore provide the first functional lines of evidence for potential reasons behind the decline of multituberculates in the changing environments of the Paleogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil F. Adams
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
- Author for correspondence: Neil F. Adams e-mail:
| | - Emily J. Rayfield
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK
- Author for correspondence: Emily J. Rayfield e-mail:
| | - Philip G. Cox
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Samuel N. Cobb
- Department of Archaeology, University of York, York YO1 7EP, UK
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ian J. Corfe
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Buezas GN, Becerra F, Echeverría AI, Cisilino A, Vassallo AI. Mandible strength and geometry in relation to bite force: a study in three caviomorph rodents. J Anat 2019; 234:564-575. [PMID: 30768871 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The monophyletic group Caviomorpha constitutes the most diverse rodent clade in terms of locomotion, ecology and diet. Caviomorph species show considerable variation in cranio-mandibular morphology that has been linked to the differences in toughness of dietary items and other behaviors, such as chisel-tooth digging. This work assesses the structural strength of the mandible of three caviomorph species that show remarkable differences in ecology, behavior and bite force: Chinchilla lanigera (a surface-dwelling species), Octodon degus (a semi-fossorial species) and Ctenomys talarum (a subterranean species). Finite element (FE) models of the mandibles are used to predict the stresses they withstand during incisor biting; the results are related to in vivo bite forces and interspecific variations in the mandibular geometries. The study concludes that the mandible of C. talarum is better able to withstand strong incisor bites. Its powerful adducting musculature is consistent with the notorious lateral expansion of the angular process and the masseteric crest, and the enhanced cortical bone thickness. Although it has a relatively low bite force, the mandible of O. degus also shows a good performance for mid-to-strong incisor biting, in contrast to that of C. lanigera, which exhibits, from a mechanical point of view, the worst performance. The mandibles of C. talarum and O. degus appear to be better suited to withstand stronger reaction forces from incisor biting, which is consistent with their closer phylogenetic affinity and shared digging behaviors. The contrast between the low in vivo bite force of C. lanigera and the relatively high estimations that result from the models suggests that its adductor musculature could play significant roles in functions other than incisor biting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido N Buezas
- Laboratorio de Morfología Funcional y Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Federico Becerra
- Laboratorio de Morfología Funcional y Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Alejandra I Echeverría
- Laboratorio de Morfología Funcional y Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Adrián Cisilino
- División Mecánica de Materiales, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnolgía de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Aldo I Vassallo
- Laboratorio de Morfología Funcional y Comportamiento, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Torres-Flores JW, López-Wilchis R. Trophic Niche and Diet of Natalus Mexicanus (Chiroptera: Natalidae) in a Tropical Dry Forest of Western Mexico. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2019. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2018.20.2.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Williams Torres-Flores
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Del. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ricardo López-Wilchis
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa, Avenida San Rafael Atlixco No. 186, Col. Vicentina, Del. Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340, Ciudad de México, México
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Divergence, Convergence and Phenotypic Diversity of Neotropical Frugivorous Bats. DIVERSITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/d10030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Knowing how adaptation shapes morphological evolution is fundamental to understanding the processes that promote biological diversity. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the effects of adaptive radiations on phenotypic diversity, which is related to processes that promote phenotypic divergence and convergence. We applied comparative methods to identify shifts in adaptive peaks and to detect divergence and convergence in skull morphology of frugivorous bats (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae and Carollinae), an ecologically diverse group with strong association between skull morphology, feeding performance and diet that suggests adaptive diversification through morphological innovation. We found divergence and convergence for skull morphology. Fifteen peak shifts were found for jaws, which result in four convergent and four divergent regimes. For skull, nine peak shifts were detected that result in three convergent and three divergent regimes. Furthermore, convergence was significant and strong for skull morphology since distantly related organisms converged to the same adaptive optima. Results suggest that convergence indicates the effect of restriction on phenotypes to keep the advantages provided by the skull phenotype that played a central role in the evolution of strict frugivory in phyllostomids. We conclude that convergence has limited phenotypic diversity of functional traits related to feeding in phyllostomid frugivores.
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Hedrick BP, Dumont ER. Putting the leaf-nosed bats in context: a geometric morphometric analysis of three of the largest families of bats. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Hedrick
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Dumont
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of California–Merced, Merced, CA, USA
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49
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One skull to rule them all? Descriptive and comparative anatomy of the masticatory apparatus in five mouse species. J Morphol 2018; 279:1234-1255. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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50
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Segura-Trujillo CA, Willig MR, Álvarez-Castañeda ST. Correspondence between ecomorphotype and use of arthropod resources by bats of the genus Myotis. J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cintya A Segura-Trujillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México (CAS-T, STA-C)
| | - Michael R Willig
- Center for Environmental Sciences & Engineering and Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 3107 Horsebarn Hill Road, Storrs, CT 06269-4210, USA (MRW)
| | - Sergio Ticul Álvarez-Castañeda
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México (CAS-T, STA-C)
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